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Wei S, Ding B, Wang G, Luo S, Zhao H, Dan X. Population characteristics of pathogenic Escherichia coli in puerperal metritis of dairy cows in Ningxia region of China: a systemic taxa distribution of virulence factors and drug resistance genes. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1364373. [PMID: 38694808 PMCID: PMC11061491 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1364373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is closely associated with the occurrence of puerperal metritis in dairy cows. E. coli carries some the virulence and multi-drug resistant genes, which pose a serious threat to the health of postpartum cows. In this study, E. coli was isolated and identified from the uterine contents of postpartum cows with puerperal metritis in the Ningxia region of China, and its phylogenetic subgroups were determined. Meanwhile, virulence and drug resistance genes carried by E. coli and drug sensitivity were detected, and the characteristics of virulence and drug resistance genes distribution in E. coli phylogroups were further analyzed. The results showed that the isolation rate of E. coli in puerperal metritis samples was 95.2%. E. coli was mainly divided into phylogroups B2 and D, followed by groups A and B1, and was more connected to O157:H7, O169:H4, and ECC-1470 type strains. The virulence genes were mainly dominated by ompF (100%), traT (100%), fimH (97%), papC (96%), csgA (95%), Ang43 (93.9%), and ompC (93%), and the resistance genes were dominated by TEM (99%), tetA (71.7%), aac(3)II (66.7%), and cmlA (53.5%). Additionally, it was observed that the virulence and resistance gene phenotypes could be divided into two subgroups, with subgroup B2 and D having the highest distributions. Drug sensitivity tests also revealed that the E. coli was most sensitive to the fluoroquinolones enrofloxacin, followed by macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, β-lactams, peptides and sulfonamides, and least sensitive to lincosamides. These results imply that pathogenic E. coli, which induces puerperal metritis of dairy cows in the Ningxia region of China, primarily belongs to the group B2 and D, contains multiple virulence and drug resistance genes, Moreover, E. coli has evolved resistance to several drugs including penicillin, lincomycin, cotrimoxazole, and streptomycin. It will offer specific guidelines reference for the prevention and treatment of puerperal metritis in dairy cows with E. coli infections in the Ningxia region of China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hongxi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xingang Dan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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2
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Prim JG, Casaro S, Mirzaei A, Gonzalez TD, de Oliveira EB, Veronese A, Chebel RC, Santos JEP, Jeong KC, Lima FS, Menta PR, Machado VS, Galvão KN. Application of behavior data to predictive exploratory models of metritis self-cure and treatment failure in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00052-3. [PMID: 38310966 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the performance of exploratory models containing routinely available on-farm data, behavior data, and the combination of both to predict metritis self-cure (SC) and treatment failure (TF). Holstein cows (n = 1,061) were fitted with a collar-mounted automated- health monitoring device (AHMD) from -21 ± 3 to 60 ± 3 d relative to calving to monitor rumination and activity. Cows were examined for diagnosis of metritis at 4 ± 1, 7 ± 1, and 9 ± 1 DIM. Cows diagnosed with metritis (n = 132), characterized by watery, fetid, reddish/brownish vaginal discharge (VD) were randomly allocated to one of 2 treatments: Control (CON; n = 62) - no treatment at the time of metritis diagnosis (d 0); Ceftiofur (CEF; n = 70) - subcutaneous injection of 6.6 mg/kg of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid on d 0 and 3 relative to diagnosis. Cure was determined 12 d after diagnosis and was considered when VD became mucoid and not fetid. Cows in CON were used to determine SC and cows in CEF were used to determine TF. Univariable analyses were performed using farm-collected data (parity, calving season, calving-related disorders, body condition score, rectal temperature, and days in milk at metritis diagnosis) and behavior data (i.e., daily averages of rumination, activity generated by AHMD, and derived variables) to assess their association with metritis SC or TF. Variables with a P ≤ 0.20 were included in the multivariable logistic regression exploratory models. To predict SC, the area under the curve (AUC) for the exploratory model containing only data routinely available on-farm was 0.75. The final exploratory model to predict SC combining routinely available on-farm data and behavior data increased the AUC to 0.87, sensitivity (Se) 87% and specificity (Sp) 71%. To predict TF, the AUC for the exploratory model containing only data routinely available on-farm was 0.90. The final exploratory model combining routinely available on-farm data and behavior data increased the AUC to 0.93, Se of 93% and Sp of 82%. Cross-validation analysis revealed that generalizability of the exploratory models was poor, which indicates that the findings are applicable to the conditions of the present exploratory study. In summary, the addition of behavior data contributed to increasing the prediction of SC and TF. Developing and validating accurate prediction models for SC could lead to a reduction in antimicrobial use, whereas accurate prediction of cows that would have TF may allow for better management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Prim
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - Segundo Casaro
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - Ahmadreza Mirzaei
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - Tomas D Gonzalez
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | | | - Anderson Veronese
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - Ricardo C Chebel
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - J E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - K C Jeong
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - F S Lima
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - Paulo R Menta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | | | - Klibs N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.
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Várhidi Z, Csikó G, Bajcsy ÁC, Jurkovich V. Uterine Disease in Dairy Cows: A Comprehensive Review Highlighting New Research Areas. Vet Sci 2024; 11:66. [PMID: 38393084 PMCID: PMC10893454 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Uterine disease is an intensely studied part of dairy cattle health management as it heavily affects many commercial dairy farms and has serious economic consequences. Forms of the disease, pathophysiology, pathogens involved and the effects of uterine disease on the health and performance of cows have already been well described by various authors. Lately, researchers' attention has shifted towards the healthy microbiome of the uterus and the vagina to put emphasis on prevention rather than treatment. This aligns with the growing demand to reduce the use of antibiotics or-whenever possible-replace them with alternative treatment options in farm animal medicine. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the last 20 years of uterine disease research and highlights promising new areas for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsóka Várhidi
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Mobile Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Csikó
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Árpád Csaba Bajcsy
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Viktor Jurkovich
- Centre for Animal Welfare, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
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Tibbs-Cortes BW, Rahic-Seggerman FM, Schmitz-Esser S, Boggiatto PM, Olsen S, Putz EJ. Fecal and vaginal microbiota of vaccinated and non-vaccinated pregnant elk challenged with Brucella abortus. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1334858. [PMID: 38352039 PMCID: PMC10861794 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1334858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brucella abortus is the causative agent of brucellosis in cattle and in humans, resulting in economic losses in the agricultural sector and representing a major threat to public health. Elk populations in the American Northwest are reservoirs for this bacterium and transmit the agent to domestic cattle herds. One potential strategy to mitigate the transmission of brucellosis by elk is vaccination of elk populations against B. abortus; however, elk appear to be immunologically distinct from cattle in their responses to current vaccination strategies. The differences in host response to B. abortus between cattle and elk could be attributed to differences between the cattle and elk innate and adaptive immune responses. Because species-specific interactions between the host microbiome and the immune system are also known to affect immunity, we sought to investigate interactions between the elk microbiome and B. abortus infection and vaccination. Methods We analyzed the fecal and vaginal microbial communities of B. abortus-vaccinated and unvaccinated elk which were challenged with B. abortus during the periparturient period. Results We observed that the elk fecal and vaginal microbiota are similar to those of other ruminants, and these microbial communities were affected both by time of sampling and by vaccination status. Notably, we observed that taxa representing ruminant reproductive tract pathogens tended to increase in abundance in the elk vaginal microbiome following parturition. Furthermore, many of these taxa differed significantly in abundance depending on vaccination status, indicating that vaccination against B. abortus affects the elk vaginal microbiota with potential implications for animal reproductive health. Discussion This study is the first to analyze the vaginal microbiota of any species of the genus Cervus and is also the first to assess the effects of B. abortus vaccination and challenge on the vaginal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bienvenido W. Tibbs-Cortes
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Faith M. Rahic-Seggerman
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Stephan Schmitz-Esser
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Paola M. Boggiatto
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Steven Olsen
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ellie J. Putz
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
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Barba M, Toquet M, García-Roselló E, Gomis J, Quereda JJ, González-Torres P, Carbonetto B, Gómez-Martín Á. Description of the vaginal microbiota in nulliparous ewes during natural mating and pregnancy: preliminary signs of the male preputial microbiota modulation. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1224910. [PMID: 38274751 PMCID: PMC10808482 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1224910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The vaginal microbiota plays a key role in animals' health. Understanding its diversity and composition and associated changes occurring through the reproductive cycle represents valuable knowledge to disclose the mechanisms leading to dysbiosis and eventually to infection. Even if the human vaginal microbiota has been thoroughly studied, scarce research has been conducted on the vaginal microbiota of livestock. In this study, 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing was performed on vaginal samples of ten nulliparous ewes at three different sampling points: before the estrus synchronization protocol (T0), at the time of estrus before mating (Testrus), and the day of the pregnancy diagnosis (Tpreg). Preputial samples from the three males collected pre and post-mating were also analyzed. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla in vaginal samples. The most abundant genera were Porphyromonas, Anaerococcus, and Peptinophilius. Vaginal microbiota biodiversity decreased during pregnancy. Tenericutes (Ureaplasma spp.) increased significantly at Tpreg in both pregnant and non-pregnant ewes. Differences were observed between pregnant and non-pregnant ewes at Tpreg where pregnant ewes had a significantly higher abundance of Actinobacillus spp. and Ureaplasma spp. Ewes that were diagnosed with pregnancy at Tpreg showed a decreased abundance of gram-negative bacteria such as Bacteroidales, Campylobacterales, and Enterobacteriales. In addition, a significant decrease in the relative abundances of genera within Firmicutes, such as Alloicoccus (Lactobacillales), Atopostipes (Lactobacillales), and an uncultured bacteria W5053 from Family XI (Firmicutes, Clostridiales) was observed in non-pregnant ewes at Tpreg. The four most abundant phyla in the rams' prepuce were the same as in the ewes' vagina. The most abundant genus was Corynebacterium. No major differences were observed in the ram's preputial microbiota between pre and post-mating samples. Nevertheless, the differences in the taxonomic composition of ewes' vaginal microbiota between Testrus and Tpreg could be explained by the exposure to the preputial microbiota. This study offers new insights into the effects of several key steps of the ewe's reproductive cycle such as estrus-synchronization protocol, mating, and pregnancy on ovine vaginal microbiota. The knowledge of the microbiota dynamics during the reproductive cycle can help improve the reproductive outcomes of dams by identifying biomarkers and putative probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Barba
- Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBIO) Research Group, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Carrer Tirant lo Blanc, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
- Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon (CITA), Teruel, Spain
| | - Marion Toquet
- Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBIO) Research Group, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Carrer Tirant lo Blanc, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Empar García-Roselló
- Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBIO) Research Group, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Carrer Tirant lo Blanc, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Gomis
- Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBIO) Research Group, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Carrer Tirant lo Blanc, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan J. Quereda
- Research Group Intracellular Pathogens: Biology and Infection, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro González-Torres
- Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBIO) Research Group, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Carrer Tirant lo Blanc, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
- Microomics Systems S.L., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Carbonetto
- Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBIO) Research Group, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Carrer Tirant lo Blanc, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
- Microomics Systems S.L., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Gómez-Martín
- Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBIO) Research Group, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Carrer Tirant lo Blanc, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
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Çömlekcioğlu U, Jezierska S, Opsomer G, Pascottini OB. Uterine microbial ecology and disease in cattle: A review. Theriogenology 2024; 213:66-78. [PMID: 37804686 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to the critical contribution of the uterine-associated microbiota in reproductive health, physiology, and performance, culture-independent methods have been increasingly employed to unravel key aspects of microbial ecology in the uterus of cattle. Nowadays, we know that bacterial diversity is crucial to maintain uterine health, however, there is still no consensus on the exact composition of a healthy uterine microbiota (or eubiosis). Generally, loss of bacterial diversity (or dysbiosis) contributes to the development of uterine infections, associated with increased relative abundances of Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Trueperella, and Porphyromonas. Uterine infections are highly prevalent and gravely influence the profitability of cattle operations, animal welfare, and public health. Thus, understanding the dynamics of uterine microbial ecology is essential to develop effective strategies focused on preventing and mitigating the adverse effects of uterine dysbiosis as well as assisting in the process of restoring the core, healthy uterine microbiota. The aim of this review is to summarize research conducted in the microbial ecology of bovine uteri. We discuss the origin of the uterine microflora of healthy cows and the factors influencing its composition. In addition, we review the biology of specific pathogens that are known to increase in abundance during the occurrence of uterine disease. Lastly, we provide an overview of the bacterial biofilm in the bovine endometrium, and we briefly summarize the rationale for the use of probiotics to prevent uterine disease in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uğur Çömlekcioğlu
- Department of Biology, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, 8000, Osmaniye, Turkiye; Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | - Geert Opsomer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Osvaldo Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Novák K, Valčíková T, Samaké K, Bjelka M. Association of Variants in Innate Immune Genes TLR4 and TLR5 with Reproductive and Milk Production Traits in Czech Simmental Cattle. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:24. [PMID: 38254914 PMCID: PMC10815032 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine genes TLR4 and TLR5, which encode antibacterial toll-like receptors, were screened for polymorphisms in Czech Red Pied (Czech Simmental) cattle to identify variants associated with reproduction, udder health, and milk production traits. Variants were discovered by hybrid resequencing of 164 bulls using HiSeq X-Ten and PacBio technologies and then individually genotyped. Nominal p-values < 0.05 for associations were detected in 18 combinations between 14 polymorphisms and 15 traits using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The TLR4 variants g.610C>T (rs43578094) and g.10310T>G (rs8193072) in reference AC000135.1 were strictly associated with the index of early reproductive disorders and maternal calving ease, respectively, at false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05. A highly permissive false discovery rate cutoff of 0.6 separated seventeen combinations in both genes comprising eight positives. In the case of the TLR4 variant g.9422T>C (rs8193060), indications were obtained for the association with as many as four reproductive traits: incidence of cystic ovaries, early reproductive disorders, calving ease, and production longevity. The permissive FDR interpretation for the TLR5 data indicated associations with cyst incidence and early reproduction disorders with maternal calving ease. Moreover, three TLR5 polymorphisms correlated with milk production traits. The discrepancy of the observed associations with the predicted impacts of the SNPs on protein function points to the role of haplotypes. Nevertheless, this question should be resolved on a larger scale. The observed associations are endorsed by independent evidence from the published functional roles in other species and by the published QTL mapping data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Novák
- Department of Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
| | - Terezie Valčíková
- Department of Genetics, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 06 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Kalifa Samaké
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Viničná 7, Charles University, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Marek Bjelka
- Breeding Company CHD Impuls, 592 55 Bohdalec, Czech Republic;
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Amin YA, Abdelaziz SG, Said AH. Treatment of postpartum endometritis induced by multidrug-resistant bacterial infection in dairy cattle by green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles and in vivo evaluation of its broad spectrum antimicrobial activity in cow uteri. Res Vet Sci 2023; 165:105074. [PMID: 37948844 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum endometritis significantly affects the health and productivity of cattle, causing significant economic loss that is speculated to exceed billions of dollars annually. Treatment of postpartum endometritis, which is linked to various bacterial infections in the uterus after delivery and has an alarmingly high risk of antibiotic treatment failure for unidentified reasons, represents a great challenge. Several studies have demonstrated that various disease complications, such as multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains, prolonged infection treatment, and increased mortality risk, have emerged as a result of the extensive use of antibiotics to treat uterine infections and other microbial-related diseases. Recent research has led to the development of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) that exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy against bacterial pathogens, including MDR bacteria, without producing mutants that are resistant to zinc oxide (ZnO). In the present work, we biologically synthesized ZnO NPs from a green natural source of Helianthus annuus seeds for the treatment of endometritis caused by MDR bacterial strains in dairy cattle. We examined ZnO's potential as a substitute antimicrobial agent to treat cow endometritis by testing its ability to sustain potent antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), in cow uteri. Among uterine bacteria, ZnO significantly decreased E. coli and S. aureus, which are known pathogenic bacteria within the uterus and achieved a high cure rate that was associated with the induction of estrous and pregnancy. Taken together, our observations of ZnO's broad range of antibacterial activity in-vivo with an animal model and subsequent evaluations of its therapeutic efficacy in cows with endometritis shed light on its potential to be used as a substitute antimicrobial agent for the treatment of uterine illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahia A Amin
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt.
| | - Sahar Gamal Abdelaziz
- Microbiology Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Qena, Egypt
| | - Alaa H Said
- Electronic and Nano Devices Lab, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Moore SG, Feehily C, Doyle RC, Buckley F, Lonergan P, Cotter PD, Butler ST. Associations between the postpartum uterine and vaginal microbiota and the subsequent development of purulent vaginal discharge vary with dairy cow breed and parity. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8133-8151. [PMID: 37641353 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the species composition and functional potential of the vaginal and uterine microbiota at 1 wk postpartum in dairy cows diagnosed with or without purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) at 3 wk postpartum. The hypothesis was that differences in the vaginal and uterine microbiota between cows diagnosed with (PVD+) or without (PVD-) PVD were dependent on parity and breed. Cytobrush samples of the vagina and uterus were collected at 1 wk postpartum from 36 Holstein-Friesian (7 primiparous and 29 multiparous) and 29 Jersey (10 primiparous and 19 multiparous) cows. Microbial DNA was isolated from each sample and processed for shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The odds of multiparous cows being diagnosed as PVD+ was less compared with primiparous cows (OR = 0.21). Neither the α-diversity nor β-diversity of the uterine and vaginal microbiota were associated with PVD but the β-diversity was different between breeds and between parities. In the vagina of primiparous cows, differences in the microbiota of PVD- and PVD+ cows were minor, but the microbiota of multiparous PVD+ cows had greater relative abundance of Fusobacterium necrophorum, Trueperella pyogenes, Porphyromonas levii, and greater functional potential for amino acid and protein synthesis, energy metabolism, and growth compared with PVD- cows. The uterus of primiparous PVD+ cows had lesser relative abundance of Bacteroides heparinolyticus compared with PVD- cows. In the uterine microbiota, differences included greater functional potential for cellulose biosynthesis and fucose catabolism in multiparous PVD+ cows compared with PVD- cows. In the uterine microbiota of primiparous PVD+ cows, the functional potential for gram-negative cell wall synthesis and for negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor signaling was lesser compared with multiparous PVD+ cows. In the vagina of Holstein-Friesian PVD+ cows, the relative abundance of Caviibacter abscessus was greater whereas in the vagina of Jersey PVD+ cows the relative abundance of Catenibacterium mitsuokai, Finegoldia magna, Klebsiella variicola, and Streptococcus anginosus was greater compared with PVD- cows. In the uterine microbiota of Holstein-Friesian cows, the functional potential for spermidine biosynthesis was reduced compared with PVD- cows. In summary, differences in the species composition and functional potential of the vaginal and uterine microbiota between PVD- and PVD+ cows were dependent on parity and breed. The findings suggest that alternative strategies may be required to treat PVD for different parities and breeds of dairy cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Moore
- Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 P302.
| | - C Feehily
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996
| | - R C Doyle
- Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 P302
| | - F Buckley
- Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 P302
| | - P Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland D04 N2E5
| | - P D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996
| | - S T Butler
- Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 P302
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Murga Valderrama NL, Segura Portocarrero GT, Romani Vasquez AC, Frias Torres H, Flores Durand GJ, Cornejo Villanueva VG, Del Solar JC, Costa Polveiro R, da Silva Vieira D, Bardales Escalante W, Zamora-Huamán SJ, Ordinola-Ramirez CM, Maicelo Quintana JL, Lopez Lapa RM. Exploring the microbiome of two uterine sites in cows. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18768. [PMID: 37907617 PMCID: PMC10618249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial communities in the mammalian reproductive system can be rich and diverse, differing in structure and quantity depending on location. In addition, its microbiome is associated with the state of health of this tract and reproductive success. This study evaluated the microbiome composition of the uterine body (UB) and uterine horn mucosa (UH) samples using 16S rRNA sequencing of samples extracted from cows in the Amazon region. It was observed that four main phyla were shared between the uterine sites: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. Linear discriminant analysis effect size and heat tree analysis showed that members of Lachnospiraceae (NK3A20 group) and Oscillospiraceae were significantly more abundant in the UB than in UH. In addition, there are more unique genera in the UB than in the UH. A higher bacterial load in UB than in UH is expected because of the exposure to external factors of UB. However, comparing the site's communities through beta diversity did not generate well-defined clustering. Thus, it can be attributed to the closeness of the sites, which would make the niches similar ecologically and microbiologically. Therefore, this research provides knowledge to understand biomarkers in the prior reproduction period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilton Luis Murga Valderrama
- Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Gleni Tatiana Segura Portocarrero
- Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Ana Cecilia Romani Vasquez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Hugo Frias Torres
- Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Gary Jacsel Flores Durand
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Victor Guillermo Cornejo Villanueva
- Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Jakson Ch Del Solar
- Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Richard Costa Polveiro
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases, Sector of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Dielson da Silva Vieira
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - William Bardales Escalante
- Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Segundo José Zamora-Huamán
- Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Carla Maria Ordinola-Ramirez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Jorge Luis Maicelo Quintana
- Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Rainer Marco Lopez Lapa
- Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Chachapoyas, Peru.
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Chachapoyas, Peru.
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01001, Chachapoyas, Peru.
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11
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Mariadassou M, Nouvel LX, Constant F, Morgavi DP, Rault L, Barbey S, Helloin E, Rué O, Schbath S, Launay F, Sandra O, Lefebvre R, Le Loir Y, Germon P, Citti C, Even S. Microbiota members from body sites of dairy cows are largely shared within individual hosts throughout lactation but sharing is limited in the herd. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:32. [PMID: 37308970 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00252-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host-associated microbes are major determinants of the host phenotypes. In the present study, we used dairy cows with different scores of susceptibility to mastitis with the aim to explore the relationships between microbiota composition and different factors in various body sites throughout lactation as well as the intra- and inter-animal microbial sharing. RESULTS Microbiotas from the mouth, nose, vagina and milk of 45 lactating dairy cows were characterized by metataxonomics at four time points during the first lactation, from 1-week pre-partum to 7 months post-partum. Each site harbored a specific community that changed with time, likely reflecting physiological changes in the transition period and changes in diet and housing. Importantly, we found a significant number of microbes shared among different anatomical sites within each animal. This was between nearby anatomic sites, with up to 32% of the total number of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) of the oral microbiota shared with the nasal microbiota but also between distant ones (e.g. milk with nasal and vaginal microbiotas). In contrast, the share of microbes between animals was limited (< 7% of ASVs shared by more than 50% of the herd for a given site and time point). The latter widely shared ASVs were mainly found in the oral and nasal microbiotas. These results thus indicate that despite a common environment and diet, each animal hosted a specific set of bacteria, supporting a tight interplay between each animal and its microbiota. The score of susceptibility to mastitis was slightly but significantly related to the microbiota associated to milk suggesting a link between host genetics and microbiota. CONCLUSIONS This work highlights an important sharing of microbes between relevant microbiotas involved in health and production at the animal level, whereas the presence of common microbes was limited between animals of the herd. This suggests a host regulation of body-associated microbiotas that seems to be differently expressed depending on the body site, as suggested by changes in the milk microbiota that were associated to genotypes of susceptibility to mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabienne Constant
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Diego P Morgavi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France
| | - Lucie Rault
- INRAE, Institut Agro, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France
| | - Sarah Barbey
- INRAE, UE326 Unité Expérimentale du Pin, Gouffern en Auge, France
| | | | - Olivier Rué
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, BioinfOmics, MIGALE Bioinformatics Facility, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sophie Schbath
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Frederic Launay
- INRAE, UE326 Unité Expérimentale du Pin, Gouffern en Auge, France
| | - Olivier Sandra
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Rachel Lefebvre
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Yves Le Loir
- INRAE, Institut Agro, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre Germon
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR ISP, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Sergine Even
- INRAE, Institut Agro, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France.
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12
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Tasara T, Meier AB, Wambui J, Whiston R, Stevens M, Chapwanya A, Bleul U. Interrogating the Diversity of Vaginal, Endometrial, and Fecal Microbiomes in Healthy and Metritis Dairy Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071221. [PMID: 37048477 PMCID: PMC10093325 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The bovine genital tract harbors a dynamic microbiome. Genital tract microbial communities in healthy animals have been characterized using next-generation sequencing methods showing that microbe compositions differ between the vagina and uterus, more so during the postpartum period. Pre-calving fecal and vaginal, and endometrial swabs at the different postpartum intervals were collected from dairy cows. Microbiomes in these samples were determined based on bacterial 16S amplicon sequencing and compared between healthy (H; n = 10) control animals and cows that developed metritis (M; n = 10) within 21 days postpartum (DPP). Compared to healthy animals the pre-calving fecal and vaginal microbiomes of metritis animals were more abundant in sequences from the phylum Fusobacteria and the bacterial genera such as Escherichia-Shigella and Histophilus. In addition, compared to healthy animals, metritis cows harboured low microbial species diversity in the endometrium, as well as decreasing Proteobacteria and increasing Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes abundances. The greatest taxonomic compositional deviations in endometrial microbial communities between the metritis and health cows were detected between 7 and 10 DPP. There was high taxonomic similarity detected between postpartum endometrial microbiomes and the prepartum vaginal and fecal microbiomes suggesting that colonization through bacteria ascending from the rectum and vagina to the uterine cavity might play a major role in establishing the endometrial microbiome postpartum. A deeper understanding of the establishment and dynamics of postpartum endometrial microbial communities in cows will thus provide crucial basic knowledge to guide the development of genital microbiome manipulation strategies for preventing uterine disease and improving fertility in dairy cows.
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13
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Becker AAMJ, Munden S, McCabe E, Hurley D, Fanning S, Chapwanya A, Butaye P. The Endometrial Microbiota—16S rRNA Gene Sequence Signatures in Healthy, Pregnant and Endometritis Dairy Cows. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10030215. [PMID: 36977254 PMCID: PMC10058826 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10030215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometritis is one of the most important causes of infertility in dairy cows, resulting in high economic losses in the dairy industry. Though the presence of a commensal uterine microbiota is now well established, the complex role of these bacteria in genital health, fertility, and susceptibility to uterine diseases remains unclear. In this study, we explore the endometrial microbiota through 16S rRNA gene profiling from cytobrush samples taken ex vivo from healthy, pregnant, and endometritis cows. There were no significant differences between healthy and pregnant cows, whose uterine microbiota were dominated by Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Fusobacterium, Lactococcus and Bacteroides. Compared to pregnant and clinically healthy cows, the uterine bacterial community of endometritis cows was significantly decreased in species diversity (p < 0.05), reflecting uneven community composition in different patterns with either dominance of Escherichia-Shigella, Histophilus, Bacteroides and Porphyromonas or Actinobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne A. M. J. Becker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Stacie Munden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Evonne McCabe
- Science Center South, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin Belfield, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel Hurley
- Science Center South, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin Belfield, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Séamus Fanning
- Science Center South, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin Belfield, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aspinas Chapwanya
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Patrick Butaye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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14
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Poole RK, Soffa DR, McAnally BE, Smith MS, Hickman-Brown KJ, Stockland EL. Reproductive Microbiomes in Domestic Livestock: Insights Utilizing 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Community Sequencing. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:485. [PMID: 36766374 PMCID: PMC9913168 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in 16S rRNA gene amplicon community sequencing have vastly expanded our understanding of the reproductive microbiome and its role in fertility. In humans, Lactobacillus is the overwhelmingly dominant bacteria within reproductive tissues and is known to be commensal and an indicator of fertility in women and men. It is also known that Lactobacillus is not as largely abundant in the reproductive tissues of domestic livestock species. Thus, the objective of this review is to summarize the research to date on both female and male reproductive microbiomes in domestic livestock species (i.e., dairy cattle, beef cattle, swine, small ruminants, and horses). Having a comprehensive understanding of reproductive microbiota and its role in modulating physiological functions will aid in the development of management and therapeutic strategies to improve reproductive efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K. Poole
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
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15
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Smith MS, Hickman-Brown KJ, McAnally BE, Oliveira Filho RV, de Melo GD, Pohler KG, Poole RK. Reproductive microbiome and cytokine profiles associated with fertility outcomes of postpartum beef cows. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad219. [PMID: 37354343 PMCID: PMC10362934 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Shifts from commensal bacteria (for example, Lactobacillus in the phylum Firmicutes) within the reproductive tract have been associated with changes in local reproductive immune responses and decreased fertility in humans. The objective of this study was to characterize the microbiome and cytokine concentrations before artificial insemination (AI) in vaginal and uterine flushes from postpartum beef cows. Twenty Bos indicus-influenced beef cows (approximately 60 d postpartum and free of reproductive, health, or physical issues) were enrolled. The B. indicus prostaglandin (PG) 5-d + controlled intervaginal drug-releasing estrus synchronization protocol was initiated on day -8 of the study with timed AI on d0. Blood samples were collected on days -3, -1, and 28 via coccygeal venipuncture. Vaginal and uterine flushes were collected on days -3 and -1. Based on days 28 pregnancy status determined by transrectal ultrasonography, cows were identified as either Open (n = 13) or Pregnant (n = 7). Bacterial community analyses were conducted targeting the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Cytokine analyses were performed using the RayBiotech Quantibody Bovine Cytokine Array Q1 and MyBioSource ELISA kits per the manufacturer's instructions. Statistical analyses for bacteria relative abundance were conducted using PROC NPAR1WAY and for cytokine concentrations using PROC GLM in SAS 9.4. Uterine concentrations of interferon γ, interleukin (IL)1α, and IL21 were greater in Open than in Pregnant cows (P < 0.05). Regardless of pregnancy status, uterine IL13 increased from days -3 to -1 (9.76 vs. 39.48 ± 9.28 pg/mL, respectively; P < 0.05). Uterine relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes decreased from days -3 to -1 in Open cows (60.4% ± 0.9% vs. 48.5% ± 3.2%; P = 0.004). In Open cows, the genus Blautia decreased in relative abundance within the uterus from days -3 to -1 (2.1% ± 0.2% vs. 0.9% ± 0.1%; P = 0.002). Uterine relative abundance of the phylum Tenericutes increased from days -3 to -1 in Pregnant cows (1.0% ± 0.1% vs. 7.6% ± 4.1%; P = 0.002). In Pregnant cows, the genus Ureaplasma tended to increase within the uterus from days -3 to -1 (0.08% ± 0.06% vs. 7.3% ± 4.1%; P = 0.054). These findings suggest a distinct difference in the reproductive microbiome and cytokine profiles before AI for resulting Open vs. Pregnant cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly S Smith
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | - Kyle J Hickman-Brown
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | - Brooke E McAnally
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | | | | | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | - Rebecca K Poole
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
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16
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Pickett AT, Cooke RF, Bicalho R, Gouvea VN. Short communication: Analysis of the nasal microbiota in newly received feedlot heifers according to subsequent incidence of bovine respiratory disease. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad153. [PMID: 37184097 PMCID: PMC10243962 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the relative abundance of bacteria in the nasal cavity of high-risk beef heifers at feedlot arrival according to subsequent incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Angus-influenced heifers (n = 76) were transported for 1,100 km (11 h) to the feedlot (day -1). At feedlot arrival (day 0), heifers were weighed [shrunk body weight (BW) = 234 ± 15 kg] and a nasal cavity swab collected for microbiota analysis. Heifers were ranked by arrival BW and allocated into 6 pens on day 1 where they remained until day 55. Heifers were evaluated daily for BRD signs (days 0 to 55), and a final shrunk BW was recorded on day 56 (16-h feed and water deprivation). Heifers were classified according to number of antimicrobial treatments for BRD received (0, 1, or ≥2), or according to time of the first incidence of BRD signs (no incidence [NOBRD], early incidence [EARLY; 4.1 ± 0.1 d, ranging from 3 to 6 d], or late incidence [LATE; 18.5 ± 9.6 d, ranging from 10 to 28 d]). Average daily gain decreased linearly (P = 0.04) according to number of BRD treatments, and was less (P = 0.04) in LATE and tended (P = 0.08) to be less in EARLY compared with NOBRD. The abundance of the Tenericutes phylum increased linearly (P < 0.01), while the abundance of other phyla (e.g., Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes) decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.05) and phyla diversity tended to decrease linearly (P = 0.10) according to number of BRD treatments. Heifers classified as EARLY had greater (P = 0.01) abundance of Tenericutes compared with NOBRD, whereas Tenericutes abundance in LATE heifers was intermediate and did not differ (P = 0.22) compared with EARLY and NOBRD. The abundance of Mycoplasma genus increased linearly (P < 0.01) while the abundance of other genera (e.g., Corynebacterium and Blautia) and genera diversity decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.03) according to number of BRD treatments. Heifers classified as EARLY had greater (P = 0.01) abundance of Mycoplasma and reduced (P = 0.01) genera diversity compared with NOBRD, and values noted in LATE heifers for these variables were intermediate and not different (P ≥ 0.27) compared with EARLY and NOBRD. Hence, heifers that developed BRD during the experiment had altered nasal microbiota at arrival compared with heifers that remained healthy, particularly increased prevalence of Tenericutes and Mycoplasma. Such differences in nasal microbiota were heightened in heifers that developed BRD shortly after arrival, or that required multiple antimicrobial treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn T Pickett
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Rodrigo Bicalho
- FERA Diagnostics and Biologicals, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Vinicius N Gouvea
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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17
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Poole RK, Pickett AT, Oliveira Filho RV, de Melo GD, Palanisamy V, Chitlapilly Dass S, Cooke RF, Pohler KG. Shifts in uterine bacterial communities associated with endogenous progesterone and 17β-estradiol concentrations in beef cattle. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2023; 82:106766. [PMID: 36182815 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The relation between circulating concentrations of progesterone and 17β-estradiol prior to insemination play a key role in optimizing fertility in cattle. This study aimed to determine the impact of endogenous progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) concentrations on uterine bacterial community abundance and diversity in beef cattle. Angus-influenced heifers were subjected to an industry standard estrous synchronization protocol. Uterine flushes were collected on d -2 (endogenous P4) and d 0 (endogenous E2) and used for targeting the V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA bacterial gene. Plasma was collected on d -2 and 0 for quantification of P4 and E2 concentrations by radioimmunoassay, respectively. Heifers were allotted to one of the following groups: High P4 + High E2 (H-H; n = 11), High P4 + Low E2 (H-L; n = 9), Low P4 + High E2 (L-H; n = 9), Low P4 + Low E2 (L-L; n = 11). Results indicated that Shannon's diversity index tended to be greater for H-L heifers compared to L-H heifers on d 0 (P = 0.10). For H-L heifers from d -2 to d 0, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria decreased and Tenericutes increased (P < 0.01). Within phylum Actinobacteria, the relative abundance of Corynebacterium decreased from d -2 to d 0 in treatment groups H-H, H-L, and L-L (P < 0.05); however, did not differ by d for L-H heifers. Within phylum Tenericutes, the relative abundance of Ureaplasma increased from d -2 to d 0 for H-L heifers (P = 0.01). Additionally for H-L heifers, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes tended to increase from day -2 to on d 0 (P = 0.07). For H-L heifers, uterine pH increased from day -2 to d 0 (P = 0.05). These results suggest that differing endogenous concentrations of P4 and E2 may be associated with shifts in uterine microbiota and pH, and this could ultimately impact fertility outcomes in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Poole
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - A T Pickett
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - R V Oliveira Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - G D de Melo
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - V Palanisamy
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - S Chitlapilly Dass
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - R F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - K G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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18
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Pickett AT, Cooke RF, Mackey SJ, Brandão AP, Colombo EA, Oliveira Filho RV, de Melo GD, Pohler KG, Poole RK. Shifts in bacterial communities in the rumen, vagina, and uterus of beef heifers receiving different levels of concentrate. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac338. [PMID: 36239685 PMCID: PMC9733499 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment investigated the effects of diet composition on rumen, vaginal, and uterine microbiota of beef heifers. Fifteen rumen-cannulated, pubertal Angus-influenced heifers were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (28-d periods and 21-d washout intervals). Dietary treatments included diets based on (as-fed) 100% grass hay (HF), 60% grass hay + 40% corn-based concentrate (INT), or 25% grass hay + 75% corn-based concentrate (HG). Treatments were offered individually to heifers once daily at 2% body weight. Rumen, vaginal, and uterine samples were collected on days 0 and 28 of each period. Data were analyzed using orthogonal contrasts (linear and quadratic), using results from day 0 as independent covariates and heifer as the experimental unit. Ruminal pH on day 28 decreased linearly (P < 0.01) as concentrate inclusion increased. Uterine and vaginal pH on day 28 were not affected by treatments (P ≥ 0.35). Within the rumen samples, Bacteriodetes was the most abundant phylum and its relative abundance linearly decreased (P ≤ 0.01) with the inclusion of concentrate. Prevotella was the most abundant genus within the rumen but was not affected by treatments (P ≥ 0.44). Genera with relative abundance ≥1% (average across treatments) in the rumen that were impacted by treatments (P ≤ 0.01) included Bacteroides, Pedobacter, Dysgonomonas, Caloramator, and Ruminococcus. Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum in the vagina and uterus, but it was unaffected by treatments (P ≥ 0.16). Prevotella was the most abundant genus in the vagina, and its relative abundance increased (P < 0.01) with the inclusion of concentrate. Other genera with relative abundance ≥1% that were significantly affected (P ≤ 0.05) by treatments were Clostridium, Pedobacter, Roseburia, Oscillospira, Faecalibacterium, Caloramator, Paludibacter, Rhodothermus, and Porphyromonas. In uterine samples, Prevotella was the most abundant genus but was unaffected by treatments (P ≥ 0.29). Genera with relative abundance ≥1% in the uterus that were significantly affected (P < 0.01) by treatments were Caloramator, Paludibacter, and Thalassospira. Collectively, inclusion of concentrate in the diet altered the bacterial composition within the rumen as well as shifting bacterial populations within the vagina and uterus. Research is warranted to further understand the impacts of these diet-induced microbiota changes on reproductive function and performance of beef heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn T Pickett
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shea J Mackey
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alice P Brandão
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Eduardo A Colombo
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | | | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Rebecca K Poole
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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19
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Role of Genital Tract Bacteria in Promoting Endometrial Health in Cattle. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112238. [DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota regulate endometrial health in cattle. It is important to know what a ‘good’ microbiome is, in order to understand pathogeneses of uterine disease. Given that microbial influx into the genital tract of cows at calving is unavoidable, exploring the involvement of genital tract bacteria in promoting endometrial health is warranted. The dysbiosis of endometrial microbiota is associated with benign and malign uterine diseases. The present review discusses current knowledge about the altered endometrial microbiome and the implications of this modulation on endometrial inflammation, ovarian activity, fecundation, pregnancy, and postpartum complications. Intravaginal administration of symbiotic microbes in cattle is a realistic alternative to antibiotic and hormone therapy to treat uterine disease. Genital microbial diversity can be modeled by nutrition, as the energy balance would improve the growth of specific microbial populations. It may be that probiotics that alter the endometrial microbiome could provide viable alternatives to existing therapies for uterine disease in cattle.
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20
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Clostridium butyricum and Its Culture Supernatant Alleviate the Escherichia coli-Induced Endometritis in Mice. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192719. [PMID: 36230459 PMCID: PMC9559394 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometritis is a disease with a high incidence in dairy cows and causes great economic loss to milk production. This study examined the therapeutic effects of Clostridium butyricum and its culture supernatant on Escherichia coli-induced endometritis in mice. The results showed that Clostridium butyricum and its culture supernatant effectively suppressed inflammatory responses of uterine tissues, such as uterine morphological changes, pathological damage, and the production of inflammatory cytokines. Clostridium butyricum and its culture supernatant significantly decreased uterine microbial loads. In addition, Clostridium butyricum and its culture supernatant restored reproduction outcomes in Escherichia coli-induced endometritis mice. Western blot analysis showed that Clostridium butyricum and its culture supernatant suppressed the NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Clostridium butyricum and its culture supernatant may occur through the anti-bacterial activity and regulation of the expression of NF-κB in the uterus. The anti-inflammatory effect of the culture supernatant of C. butyricum was slightly better than that of viable C. butyricum. Therefore, our experimental results showed that Clostridium butyricum culture supernatant may be an effective drug for treating endometritis.
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21
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Ding H, Wang Y, Li Z, Li Q, Liu H, Zhao J, Lu W, Wang J. Baogong decoction treats endometritis in mice by regulating uterine microbiota structure and metabolites. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2786-2799. [PMID: 35932174 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometritis is persistent inflammation caused by bacteria, which can lead to infertility. Although traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat endometritis, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, Baogong Decoction (BGD), a TCM compound, was used to treat mouse endometritis induced by Escherichia coli (E. coli), and then 16S rRNA sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics were used to investigate the change of uterine microbiota and metabolomes in serum and uterine after BGD treatment. Finally, the therapeutic effect of potential metabolites for treating mouse endometritis screened by combined omics analyses was verified using pathological model. The results showed that BGD treatment could effectively treat endometritis associated with the increasing relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Lactococcus, and the decreasing relative abundance of Cupriavidus and Proteobacteria. 133 and 130 metabolites were found to be potential biomarkers in serum and uterine tissue respectively. In serum and tissues, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and catechol were significantly increased in the BGD treatment versus the inflammation group. Results of combined omics analyses demonstrated that DHEA was positively correlated with changes in microbiota. Results of pathological model demonstrated that DHEA could cure endometritis effectively associated with the decreasing infiltration of inflammatory cells and expression of inflammatory factors in the uterus. In summary, our results demonstrated that BGD could cure endometritis in mice by modulating the structure of the uterine microbiota and its metabolites, in which DHEA may be one of the main components of the therapeutic effect of BGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ding
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Youyuan Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qianqing Li
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenfa Lu
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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22
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Utilizing the Gastrointestinal Microbiota to Modulate Cattle Health through the Microbiome-Gut-Organ Axes. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071391. [PMID: 35889109 PMCID: PMC9324549 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of ruminants have a mutualistic relationship with the host that influences the efficiency and health of the ruminants. The GIT microbiota interacts with the host immune system to influence not only the GIT, but other organs in the body as well. The objective of this review is to highlight the importance of the role the gastrointestinal microbiota plays in modulating the health of a host through communication with different organs in the body through the microbiome-gut-organ axes. Among other things, the GIT microbiota produces metabolites for the host and prevents the colonization of pathogens. In order to prevent dysbiosis of the GIT microbiota, gut microbial therapies can be utilized to re-introduce beneficial bacteria and regain homeostasis within the rumen environment and promote gastrointestinal health. Additionally, controlling GIT dysbiosis can aid the immune system in preventing disfunction in other organ systems in the body through the microbiome-gut-brain axis, the microbiome-gut-lung axis, the microbiome-gut-mammary axis, and the microbiome-gut-reproductive axis.
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23
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Paiano RB, Moreno LZ, Gomes VTM, Parra BM, Barbosa MR, Sato MIZ, Bonilla J, Pugliesi G, Baruselli PS, Moreno AM. Assessment of the main pathogens associated with clinical and subclinical endometritis in cows by culture and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identification. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3367-3376. [PMID: 35181136 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Clinical endometritis (CE) and subclinical endometritis (SCE) are diseases that affect dairy cows during the puerperium, causing negative effects on the animals' milk production and fertility. The objective of this study was to assess the main bacteria related to cases of CE and SCE from uterine samples of dairy cows in Brazilian herds. Selective and differential media were used for isolation of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and further MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) identification. A total of 279 lactating dairy cows with 28 to 33 d in milk from 6 commercial farms were evaluated. Initially, cows were classified in 3 groups: cytologic healthy cows (n = 161), cows with CE (n = 83), and cows with SCE (n = 35). Healthy animals presented 97 species, followed by the CE group with 53 identified species, and SCE cows presented only 21 bacterial species. We found a significantly higher isolation rate of Trueperella pyogenes in CE (26.5%) cows compared with healthy and SCE cows. Some anaerobic species were exclusively isolated from the CE group, even though they presented lower frequency. Interestingly, 18.1% of samples from CE cows and 40% of SCE cows were negative to bacterial isolation. Despite the use of culture-dependent methods instead of molecular methods, the present study enabled the identification of a complex community of 127 different species from 48 genera, composed of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial species among the 3 different animal groups. The method of sample collection, culture, and identification by MALDI-TOF MS were essential for the success of the analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Paiano
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508270, Brazil.
| | - L Z Moreno
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil
| | - V T M Gomes
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil
| | - B M Parra
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil
| | - M R Barbosa
- Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (CETESB), São Paulo, SP 05459-900, Brazil
| | - M I Z Sato
- Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (CETESB), São Paulo, SP 05459-900, Brazil
| | - J Bonilla
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635900, Brazil
| | - G Pugliesi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508270, Brazil
| | - P S Baruselli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508270, Brazil
| | - A M Moreno
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil.
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24
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De Carli S, Lopes CE, Breyer GM, Dias ME, Saggin BF, Muterle Varela AP, Mayer FQ, Siqueira FM. Cows' reproductive performances and parity order influences the cervicovaginal fungal community. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105351. [PMID: 34890751 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fungi have already been described as etiological agents of reproductive diseases such as endometritis and infertility in cows. However, few studies have been developed to elucidate the entire cervicovaginal fungal communities in cows. Therefore, our study aimed to characterize the fungal community present in the cervix of cows with different reproductive performances. Cervicovaginal mucus was collected from 36 Angus breed cows (1.5-12 years old) on a commercial beef cattle ranch. Twenty-one cows had a history of infertility in the year prior to the collection, showing early return to estrus. Ten cows were sampled at 60-70 days postpartum being considered fertile cows. Additionally, five non-sexually active heifers were employed as control group. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the predominant fungal phyla in the analyzed animals. Diversity metrics of the cervicovaginal fungal community revealed statistical differences in the composition of the fungal community among infertile cows, fertile cows and non-sexually active heifers. In addition, the cervicovaginal fungal microbiota had significative increased richness and evenness in nulliparous cows and non-sexually active heifers, while in multiparous cows a decreased richness and evenness of the fungal microbiota were identified. These results provide an unprecedented understanding of the cervicovaginal fungal structure associated with infertility and parity order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia De Carli
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cassiane Elisabete Lopes
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Merker Breyer
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Dias
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Fagundes Saggin
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Muterle Varela
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Eldorado Do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Eldorado Do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Franciele Maboni Siqueira
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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25
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Moreno CG, Luque AT, Galvão KN, Otero MC. Bacterial communities from vagina of dairy healthy heifers and cows with impaired reproductive performance. Res Vet Sci 2021; 142:15-23. [PMID: 34847462 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vaginal microenvironment plays a significant role in bovine fertility since its resident microorganisms interact with the host mucosa and constitutes the first barrier against ascending pathogens in the reproductive tract. In this study, the vaginal microbiome of healthy heifers (H) and cows with impaired reproductive performance, metritis complex (MT) or repeat breeders (RB), was assessed using a 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach. Analysis revealed that even though a vaginal microbiological guild (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria) was shared among healthy heifers and cows with uterine disease; further analysis at genus level showed significant differences depending on the reproductive health status. The relative abundances of recognized uterine pathogens such as Bacteroidetes, Fusobacterium and Helcococcus were higher in MT when compared with H and RB; therefore, their presence in vagina can be considered as a risk factor for fertility. The present study describes for the first time, the composition of native bacterial communities in the vagina of cows undergoing the repeat breeding syndrome (RBS), and reports an association between this disease and the presence of Porphyromonas and unassigned genera of the Pasteurellaceae family. In addition, this work highlights the bacteria associated with a healthy vagina: genera from the families Lachnospiraceae, Rikenellaceae and the genera Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Oscillospira, CF231 and 5-7NS. Results highlighted herein, signify the potential of the evaluation of the bovine vaginal microbiome to future design therapeutic interventions to improve pregnancy rates however, further research is needed to elucidate the balance of bacterial species resulting in an optimal reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelaria Gonzalez Moreno
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Florentino Ameghino s/n, CP 4105, Barrio Mercantil, El Manantial, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Andrea Torres Luque
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Klibs N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - María C Otero
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
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26
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Kudo H, Sugiura T, Higashi S, Oka K, Takahashi M, Kamiya S, Tamura Y, Usui M. Characterization of Reproductive Microbiota of Primiparous Cows During Early Postpartum Periods in the Presence and Absence of Endometritis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:736996. [PMID: 34733902 PMCID: PMC8558311 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.736996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometritis has a major impact on fertility in postpartum dairy cows. Since previous studies showed an association between reproductive microbiota and perinatal disease, we monitored both bovine uterine and vaginal microbiota in primiparous cows to elucidate the effect of early postpartum microbiota on endometritis. Uterine and vaginal samples were collected at time points from pre-calving to 35 days postpartum (DPP), and analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing, combined with ancillary bacterial culture. A total of seven healthy cows and seven cows diagnosed with endometritis on 35 DPP were used in the current study. The uterine and vaginal microbiota showed a maximum of 20.1% shared amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) at linked time points. 16S rRNA based analysis and traditional culture methods revealed that Trueperella showed a higher abundance in both uterus and vagina of the endometritis group compared to the healthy group on 21 DPP (U-test p < 0.05). Differential abundance analysis of the uterine microbiota showed that Enterococcus and six bacterial genera including Bifidobacterium were unique to the healthy group on the day of calving (0 DPP) and 28 DPP, respectively. In contrast, Histophilus and Mogibacteriaceae were characteristic bacteria in the vagina pre-calving in cows that later developed endometritis, suggesting that these bacteria could be valuable to predict clinical outcomes. Comparing the abundances of bacterial genera in the uterine microbiota, a negative correlation was observed between Trueperella and several bacteria including Lactobacillus. These results suggest that building an environment where there is an increase in bacteria that are generally recognized as beneficial, such as Lactobacillus, may be one possible solution to reduce the abundance of Trueperella and control endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayami Kudo
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan.,Research Department, R&D Division, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomochika Sugiura
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Seiya Higashi
- Research Department, R&D Division, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Oka
- Research Department, R&D Division, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Motomichi Takahashi
- Research Department, R&D Division, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kamiya
- Research Department, R&D Division, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaru Usui
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
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27
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Staphylococcus pasteuri (BCVME2) Resident in Buffalo Cervical Vaginal Mucus: A Potential Source of Estrus-Specific Sex Pheromone(s). J Chem Ecol 2021; 48:7-15. [PMID: 34542784 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammals have microbes resident in their reproductive tract, some of which can be pathogenic while others may play a role in protecting the tract from infection. Volatile compounds play a role as sex pheromones that attract males for coitus during female estrus or heat. It is likely that these compounds themselves are secondary metabolites of bacterial flora resident in the vagina. In order to substantiate this hypothesis, bacteria were isolated from cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) of buffalo during various phases of the estrous cycle and identified, using morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics, as Bacillus during preestrus and diestrus, and as Staphylococcus during all three phases of the estrous cycle. Populations of Staphylococcus differed between different phases of the estrous cycle, the predominant forms being S. warneri (BCVMPE1_1) during preestrus, S. pastueri (BCVME2) during estrus and S. epidermis (BCVMDE3) during diestrus. Mice were used as chemosensors to differentiate the estrus-specific S. pasteuri (BCVME2) from the others. Chemical analysis showed that S. pasteuri (BCVME2) produced acetic, propanoic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric and valeric acids. In addition, it was shown that S. pasteuri (BCVME2) volatiles influenced the sexual behaviors, flehmen and mounting, of the bull. Thus, S. pasteuri (BCVME2) is a potential source of vaginal pheromone(s) during estrus in buffalo.
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28
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Hummel G, Woodruff K, Austin K, Knuth R, Lake S, Cunningham-Hollinger H. Late Gestation Maternal Feed Restriction Decreases Microbial Diversity of the Placenta While Mineral Supplementation Improves Richness of the Fetal Gut Microbiome in Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2219. [PMID: 34438676 PMCID: PMC8388467 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Feed intake restriction impacts both humans and ruminants in late gestation, although it is unknown whether this adverse maternal environment influences the microbiome of the reproductive tract, and through it, the colonization of the fetal gut. A 2 × 2 factorial design including a 70% feed intake restriction (feed restricted 'FR' or control diets 'CON') and mineral supplementation (unsupplemented 'S-' or supplemented 'S+') was used to analyze these effects in multiparous cows (n = 27). Vaginal swabs were obtained 60, 30, and 10 days prior to the estimated calving date, along with neonatal rumen fluid and meconium. Placental tissues and efficiency measurements were collected. Microbial DNA was extracted for 16S sequencing of the V4 region. Feed restriction decreased the diversity of the placental microbiome, but not the vagina, while mineral supplementation had little impact on these microbial communities. Mineral supplementation did improve the richness and diversity of the fetal gut microbiomes in relation to reproductive microbes. These differences within the placental microbiome may influence individual health and performance. Adequate maternal nutrition and supplementation yielded the greatest placental efficiency, which may aid in the establishment of a healthy placental microbiome and fetal microbial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hannah Cunningham-Hollinger
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; (G.H.); (K.W.); (K.A.); (R.K.); (S.L.)
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Zhang L, Wang L, Dai Y, Tao T, Wang J, Wu Y, Zeng X, Zhang J. Effect of Sow Intestinal Flora on the Formation of Endometritis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:663956. [PMID: 34222396 PMCID: PMC8249707 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.663956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometritis is the main cause of decreased reproductive performance of sows, while one of the most important factors in the etiology of sow endometritis is an aberration of birth canal microbiota. Therefore, people began to pay attention to the microbiota structure and composition of the birth canal of sows with endometritis. Interestingly, we found that the risk of endometritis was increased in the sows with constipation in clinical practice, which may imply that the intestinal flora is related to the occurrence of endometritis. Therefore, understanding the relationship between birth canal microbiota and intestinal microbiota of the host has become exceptionally crucial. In this study, the microbiota of birth canal secretions and fresh feces of four healthy and four endometritis sows were analyzed via sequencing the V3 + V4 region of bacterial 16S ribosomal (rDNA) gene. The results showed a significant difference between endometritis and healthy sows birth canal flora in composition and abundance. Firmicutes (74.36%) and Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla in birth canal microbiota of healthy sows. However, the majority of beneficial bacteria that belonging to Firmicutes phylum (e.g., Lactobacillus and Enterococcus) declined in endometritis sow. The abundance of Porphyromonas, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Actinobacillus, and Bacteroides increased significantly in the birth canal microbiota of endometritis sows. Escherichia–Shigella and Bacteroides were the common genera in the birth canal and intestinal flora of endometritis sows. The abundance of Escherichia–Shigella and Bacteroides in the intestines of sows suffering from endometritis were significantly increased than the intestinal microbiota of the healthy sows. We speculated that some intestinal bacteria (such as Escherichia–Shigella and Bacteroides) might be bound up with the onset of sow endometritis based on intestinal microbiota analysis in sows with endometritis and healthy sows. The above results can supply a theoretical basis to research the pathogenesis of endometritis and help others understand the relationship with the microbiota of sow's birth canal and gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Institute of Animal Disease Prevent and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Linkang Wang
- Institute of Animal Disease Prevent and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yimin Dai
- Institute of Animal Disease Prevent and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tianyu Tao
- Institute of Animal Disease Prevent and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingqi Wang
- Institute of Animal Disease Prevent and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunzheng Wu
- Institute of Animal Disease Prevent and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiu Zeng
- Institute of Animal Disease Prevent and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Institute of Animal Disease Prevent and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Ong CT, Turni C, Blackall PJ, Boe-Hansen G, Hayes BJ, Tabor AE. Interrogating the bovine reproductive tract metagenomes using culture-independent approaches: a systematic review. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:41. [PMID: 34108039 PMCID: PMC8191003 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Undesirable microbial infiltration into the female bovine reproductive tracts, for example during calving or mating, is likely to disturb the commensal microflora. Persistent establishment and overgrowth of certain pathogens induce reproductive diseases, render the female bovine reproductive tract unfavourable for pregnancy or can result in transmission to the foetus, leading to death and abortion or birth abnormalities. This review of culture-independent metagenomics studies revealed that normal microflora in the female bovine reproductive tract is reasonably consistently dominated by bacteria from the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, following by Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria and Tenericutes. Reproductive disease development in the female bovine reproductive tract was demonstrated across multiple studies to be associated with high relative abundances of bacteria from the phyla Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria. Reduced bacterial diversity in the reproductive tract microbiome in some studies of cows diagnosed with reproductive diseases also indicated an association between dysbiosis and bovine reproductive health. Nonetheless, the bovine genital tract microbiome remains underexplored, and this is especially true for the male genital tract. Future research should focus on the functional aspects of the bovine reproductive tract microbiomes, for example their contributions to cattle fertility and susceptibility towards reproductive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chian Teng Ong
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Conny Turni
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Patrick J. Blackall
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Gry Boe-Hansen
- The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, Queensland Australia
| | - Ben J. Hayes
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Ala E. Tabor
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
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Messman RD, Contreras-Correa ZE, Paz HA, Lemley CO. Melatonin-induced changes in the bovine vaginal microbiota during maternal nutrient restriction. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6196023. [PMID: 33773492 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Altering the composition of the bovine vaginal microbiota has proved challenging, with recent studies deeming the microbiota dynamic due to few overall changes being found. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine whether gestational age, endogenous progesterone, maternal nutrient restriction, or dietary melatonin altered the composition of the bovine vaginal microbiota. Brangus heifers (n = 29) from timed artificial insemination to day 240 of gestation were used; at day 160 of gestation, heifers were assigned to either an adequate (ADQ; n = 14; 100% NRC requirements) or restricted (RES; n = 15; 60% NRC requirements) nutritional plane and were either supplemented with dietary melatonin (MEL; n = 15) or not supplemented (CON; n = 14). Samples for vaginal microbiota analysis were taken on day 0 (prior to artificial insemination), day 150 (prior to dietary treatments), and day 220 of gestation (60 d post-treatment initiation) using a double guarded culture swab. The vaginal bacterial overall community structure was determined through sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina Miseq platform. Alpha diversity was compared via 2-way ANOVA; β diversity was compared via PERMANOVA. The linear discriminant analysis for effect size (LEfSe) pipeline was utilized for analysis of taxonomic rank differences between bacterial communities. Gestational age, progesterone concentration, and maternal nutritional plane did not alter α or β diversity of the vaginal microbiota. However, gestational age resulted in compositional changes at the order, family, and genus level. Moreover, dietary melatonin supplementation did not alter α diversity of the vaginal microbiota but did alter β diversity (P = 0.02). Specifically, melatonin altered the composition at the genus level and increased the prevalence of aerobic bacteria in the vaginal tract. To date, melatonin is the first hormone associated with altering the composition of the bovine vaginal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley D Messman
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Zully E Contreras-Correa
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Henry A Paz
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Caleb O Lemley
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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Sharma R, Kumar Singh P, Onteru SK, Singh D. Faecal microbiome analysis reveals Clostridiales and Bacteroidales as signature gut microbes during estrus of buffalo. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100509. [PMID: 33965790 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The non-pathogenic intestinal microbes that conquer our intestines are not an accidental jumble of organisms, but rather a disparate community of microbes that coexist, and sustain a mutualistic and symbiotic relationship with the host. The gut microbiome has been shown to be influenced by animal physiology and vice versa. However, information is still scanty. The present study aimed to analyse the variation between faecal bacteria of three different stages (proestrus, estrus and postestrus) of the estrous cycle of Murrah buffalos. A phylogenetic study of buffalo faeces derived from three different stages of estrous cycle was conducted in order to compare the bacterial diversity among these three stages. We performed an exploratory microbiome analysis of buffalo faeces using 16S rRNA sequencing during these stages of the buffalo estrous cycle. A total of three bacterial phyla with six different bacterial orders and twenty-three different genera were identified among all the three comparative phases of the estrous cycle. Among them, the Clostridiales were found to be the most abundant, and Bacteroidales were present exclusive during the estrus phase. As faeces is a source of gut microbes and a non-invasive representative of the metabolic steroids and perceptible pheromones, the profiling of gut microbes during estrous cycle would provide clues towards the major microbes contributing to the perceptible pheromones during estrus stage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first ever report describing the faecal bacterial diversity during estrous cycle of any ruminant species. Although future studies are required to understand the role of Clostridiales and Bacteroidales in faecal pheromone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Sharma
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & System Biology Lab, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & System Biology Lab, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Suneel Kumar Onteru
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & System Biology Lab, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Dheer Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & System Biology Lab, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India.
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Figueiredo CC, Merenda VR, de Oliveira EB, Lima FS, Chebel RC, Galvão KN, Santos JEP, Bisinotto RS. Failure of clinical cure in dairy cows treated for metritis is associated with reduced productive and reproductive performance. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7056-7070. [PMID: 33741169 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives were to assess reproductive and productive outcomes associated with failure of clinical cure in dairy cows diagnosed with metritis following antimicrobial therapy. This retrospective cohort study included data from 3 experiments performed in 5 dairies. Metritis was characterized by the presence of watery, fetid, reddish-brownish vaginal discharge within 21 DIM (study d 0). Cows not diagnosed with metritis (i.e., cows may have had other diseases postpartum; NoMT; n = 1,194) were paired based on lactation number and calving date. All cows with metritis received antimicrobial therapy (ampicillin or ceftiofur). Clinical cure was evaluated on d 10 based on vaginal discharge score, and cows were categorized as cured (MTC; n = 1,111) or not cured (MTnoC; n = 299). Purulent vaginal discharge (28 ± 3 or 32 ± 3 DIM), cytological endometritis (35 ± 3 or 39 ± 3 DIM), and estrous cyclicity (50 ± 3 and 64 ± 3, 36 ± 3 and 50 ± 3, or 37 ± 5 and 51 ± 5 DIM) were evaluated in subgroups of cows. Proportions of cows with purulent vaginal discharge and cytological endometritis were greatest for MTnoC (91.7 and 91.4%), intermediate for MTC (74.0 and 73.3%), and smallest for NoMT (38.1 and 36.4%). Proportion of cyclic cows was smaller for MTnoC compared with MTC and NoMT (62.0, 71.0, and 71.0%). Pregnancy per artificial insemination following first service was smaller for cows with metritis compared with their counterparts with no metritis (NoMT = 28.1, MTC = 26.1, MTnoC = 22.0%). Pregnancy loss tended to be greater for MTnoC compared with MTC (NoMT = 11.5, MTC = 11.1, MTnoC = 18.4%). Hazard of pregnancy by 300 DIM was smallest for MTnoC, intermediate for MTC, and greatest for NoMT. Death by 60 DIM (3.9, 1.1, and 0.6%) and removal from herd by 300 DIM (26.3, 17.4, and 15.4%) were greatest for MTnoC compared with MTC and NoMT, respectively. Milk production among multiparous cows was smaller for MTnoC compared with MTC and NoMT in the first 10 mo postpartum, whereas MTC produced less milk compared with NoMT only during the first 2 mo postpartum (NoMT = 42.0 ± 0.22, MTC = 40.6 ± 0.28, MTnoC = 37.7 ± 0.54 kg/d). Failure of clinical cure was not associated with milk yield in primiparous cows (NoMT = 35.2 ± 0.31, MTC = 33.9 ± 0.31, MTnoC = 35.0 ± 0.52 kg/d). Cows diagnosed with metritis that do not undergo clinical cure by 10 d of onset of antimicrobial therapy have impaired reproductive performance, reduced milk production, and increased risk of leaving the herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Figueiredo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - V R Merenda
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - E B de Oliveira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610; Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - F S Lima
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - R C Chebel
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - K N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - J E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - R S Bisinotto
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.
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Xu S, Dong Y, Shi J, Li Z, Che L, Lin Y, Li J, Feng B, Fang Z, Yong Z, Wang J, Wu D. Responses of Vaginal Microbiota to Dietary Supplementation with Lysozyme and its Relationship with Rectal Microbiota and Sow Performance from Late Gestation to Early Lactation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030593. [PMID: 33668266 PMCID: PMC7996156 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The vaginal microbiota has a crucial role for the health of the sow and the newborn piglet. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with lysozyme in the vaginal microbiota and evaluate its relationship with the fecal microbiota of the rectum and the reproductive performance of the sow. The results suggest that, lysozyme supplementation changed vaginal microbiota composition at different taxonomic levels, the changed vaginal microbiota was associated with variations in fecal microbiota, and these changes correlated with some reproductive performance of the sow. Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lysozyme (LZM) supplementation on the vaginal microbiota, as well as the relationship between vaginal microbiota and the fecal microbiota of rectum and the reproductive performance of the sow. A total of 60 Yorkshire × Landrace sows (3–6 of parity) were arranged from day 85 of gestation to the end of lactation in a completely randomized design with three treatments (control diet, control diet + lysozyme 150 mg/kg, control diet + lysozyme 300 mg/kg). The results showed that sows fed with lysozyme increased serum interleukin-10 (IL-10, p < 0.05) on day 7 of lactation. The vaginal microbiota varied at different taxonomic levels with LZM supplementation by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The most representative changes included a decrease in Tenericutes, Streptococcus, Bacillus and increase in Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Enterococcus, and Lactobacillus (p < 0.05). There were 777 OTUs existing in both, vaginal and fecal microbiota. The addition of LZM also decreased the abundance of Tenericutes (p < 0.05) in the vagina and feces. The changes in the microbiota were correlated in some cases positively with the performance of the sow, for example, Bacillus in feces was positively correlated with the neonatal weight (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the addition of lysozyme to the diet of sow during perinatal period promote the change of vaginal bacterial community after farrowing. The variations in vaginal microbiota are also associated with the changes in the fecal microbiology of the rectum and the reproductive performance of the sow. Therefore, it is concluded that dietary supplementation with lysozyme in sows in late gestation stage until early lactation, is beneficial to establish vaginal microbiota that seems to promote maternal health and reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Y.D.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Yanpeng Dong
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Y.D.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiankai Shi
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Y.D.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zimei Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Y.D.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Y.D.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Y.D.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Y.D.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Y.D.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Y.D.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuo Yong
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Y.D.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Y.D.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - De Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Y.D.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (L.C.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (B.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (D.W.)
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
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Jeon SJ, Cunha F, Daetz R, Bicalho RC, Lima S, Galvão KN. Ceftiofur reduced Fusobacterium leading to uterine microbiota alteration in dairy cows with metritis. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:15. [PMID: 33509303 PMCID: PMC7844903 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metritis is an inflammatory uterine disease found in ~ 20% of dairy cows after parturition and associated with uterine microbiota with high abundance of Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, and Porphyromonas. Ceftiofur is a common treatment, but the effect on uterine microbiota is poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the short-term impact of ceftiofur on uterine microbiota structure and function in cows with metritis. Eight cows received ceftiofur (CEF) and 10 remained untreated (CON). Uterine swabs were collected for PCR and metagenomic analysis at diagnosis before treatment (5 ± 1 DPP) and 2 days after diagnosis/treatment (7 ± 1 DPP) from the same individuals. Seven CEF and 9 CON passed quality control and were used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Ceftiofur treatment resulted in uterine microbiota alteration, which was attributed to a decrease in relative abundance of Fusobacterium and in gene contents involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, whereas uterine microbiota diversity and genes involved in pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis increased. Ceftiofur treatment also reduced rectal temperature and tended to reduce total bacteria in the uterus. However, other uterine pathogens such as Bacteroides and Porphyromonas remained unchanged in CEF. The blaCTX-M gene was detected in 37.5% of metritic cows tested but was not affected by CEF. We found that β-hydroxybutyric acid, pyruvic acid, and L-glutamine were preferentially utilized by Fusobacterium necrophorum according to metabolic activity with 95 carbon sources. CONCLUSIONS Ceftiofur treatment leads to alterations in the uterine microbiota that were mainly characterized by reductions in Fusobacterium and genes involved in LPS biosynthesis, which may be associated with a decrease in rectal temperature. The increase in pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis indicates microbial response to metabolic stress caused by ceftiofur. Preference of Fusobacterium for β-hydroxybutyric acid may help to explain why this strain becomes dominant in the uterine microbiota of cows with metritis, and it also may provide a means for development of new therapies for the control of metritis in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jin Jeon
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, 11548, USA.
| | - Federico Cunha
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Rodolfo Daetz
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Rodrigo C Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Svetlana Lima
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.,Present Address: Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Klibs N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA. .,D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Rault L, Lévêque PA, Barbey S, Launay F, Larroque H, Le Loir Y, Germon P, Guinard-Flament J, Even S. Bovine Teat Cistern Microbiota Composition and Richness Are Associated With the Immune and Microbial Responses During Transition to Once-Daily Milking. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:602404. [PMID: 33391220 PMCID: PMC7772349 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.602404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between microbiota and health has been widely reported in humans and animals. We established a link between teat cistern microbiota composition and bovine mastitis, an inflammatory disease often due to bacterial infections. To further decipher the relationships between teat cistern microbiota and immune and microbial responses, a switch from twice- to once-daily milking (ODM) in 31 initially healthy quarters of dairy cows was used to trigger an udder perturbation. In this study, a temporal relationship was reported between initial teat cistern microbiota composition and richness, the immune response to ODM, and mastitis development. Quarters with a low initial microbiota richness and taxonomic markers such as Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were associated with a higher rate of mastitis during ODM. Quarters with a higher richness and taxonomic markers such as Firmicutes, including the Lachnospiraceae family, and genera such as Bifidobacterium and Corynebacterium displayed early inflammation following transition to ODM but without developing mastitis (no infection). Short-term compositional shifts of microbiota indicates that microbiotas with a higher initial richness were more strongly altered by transition to ODM, with notably the disappearance of rare OTUs. Microbiota modifications were associated with an early innate immune system stimulation, which, in turn, may have contributed to the prevention of mastitis development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Barbey
- INRAE, Domaine Expérimental du Pin, Gouffern En Auge, France
| | - Frederic Launay
- INRAE, Domaine Expérimental du Pin, Gouffern En Auge, France
| | - Hélène Larroque
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Pierre Germon
- INRAE, Université François Rabelais, ISP, Tours, France
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Effect of Chitosan Microparticles on the Uterine Microbiome of Dairy Cows with Metritis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01066-20. [PMID: 32651210 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01066-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chitosan microparticles on the uterine microbiome of cows with metritis. Dairy cows with metritis (n = 89) were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: chitosan microparticles (n = 21), in which the cows received an intrauterine infusion of chitosan microparticles at metritis diagnosis (day 0), day 2, and day 4; ceftiofur (n = 25), in which the cows received a subcutaneous injection of ceftiofur on day 0 and day 3; and no intrauterine or subcutaneous treatment (n = 23). Nonmetritic cows (n = 20) were healthy cows matched with cows with metritis by the number of days postpartum at metritis diagnosis. Uterine swab samples collected on days 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 were used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and 16S RNA gene copy number quantification by quantitative PCR. Principal-coordinate analysis showed that the microbiome of the ceftiofur-treated and metritic untreated groups progressed toward that of the nonmetritic group by day 3, whereas that of the chitosan microparticle-treated group remained unchanged. The differences on day 3 were mainly due to a greater relative abundance of Fusobacteria, particularly Fusobacterium, in the chitosan microparticle-treated group than in the ceftiofur-treated and metritic untreated groups. Furthermore, the microbiome of the ceftiofur-treated group became similar to that of the nonmetritic group by day 9, whereas the microbiome of the chitosan microparticle-treated and metritic untreated groups became similar to that of the nonmetritic group only by day 12. The total bacterial 16S rRNA gene counts in the chitosan microparticle-treated group were greater than those in the metritic untreated controls on days 6 and 9, whereas the ceftiofur treatment group was the only group in which the total bacterial 16S rRNA gene count became similar to that in the nonmetritic group by day 12. In summary, chitosan microparticles slowed the progression of the uterine microbiome toward a healthy state, whereas ceftiofur hastened the progression toward a healthy state.IMPORTANCE Third-generation cephalosporins, such as ceftiofur, are commonly used to treat metritis in dairy cows. Chitosan microparticles has been shown to have a broad spectrum of activity in vitro and to be effective against uterine pathogens in vivo; therefore, they have been hailed as a possible alternative to traditional antibiotics. Nonetheless, in the present study, we saw that chitosan microparticle treatment slowed the progression of the uterine microbiome of cows with metritis toward a healthy state, whereas ceftiofur treatment hastened the progression toward a healthy state. Given the lack of an effective alternative to traditional antibiotics and an increased concern about antimicrobial resistance, a greater effort should be devoted to the prevention of metritis in dairy cows.
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Meira EBS, Ellington-Lawrence RD, Silva JCC, Higgins CH, Linwood R, Rodrigues MX, Bringhenti L, Korzec H, Yang Y, Zinicola M, Bicalho RC. Recombinant protein subunit vaccine reduces puerperal metritis incidence and modulates the genital tract microbiome. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7364-7376. [PMID: 32505392 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 3 vaccine formulations containing proteins (FimH, leukotoxin, and pyolysin), inactivated whole cells (Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Trueperella pyogenes), or both, in the prevention of postpartum uterine diseases. A randomized clinical trial was conducted at a commercial dairy farm; 800 heifers were assigned into 1 of 4 different treatment groups: control, vaccine 1 (bacterin and subunit proteins), vaccine 2 (bacterin), and vaccine 3 (recombinant subunit proteins), and each heifer received a subcutaneous injection of its respective treatment at 240 ± 3 and 270 ± 3 d of gestation. Vaccination significantly reduced the incidence of puerperal metritis when compared with control (9.1% vs. 14.9%, respectively; odds ratio 0.51). Additionally, vaccine 3 was found to reduce the incidence of puerperal metritis when compared with the control (8.0% vs. 14.9%, respectively; odds ratio 0.46). Reproduction was improved for metritic cows that were vaccinated, and the effect was stronger for cows that were treated with vaccine 3. In general, vaccination decreased the total vaginal bacterial load and decreased the vaginal load of F. necrophorum by 9 d in milk. Vaccination reduced the prevalence of puerperal metritis in the first lactation of dairy cows, leading to less metritic disease and improved reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B S Meira
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - R D Ellington-Lawrence
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - J C C Silva
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - C H Higgins
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - R Linwood
- Merck Animal Health, De Soto, KS 66018
| | - M X Rodrigues
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - L Bringhenti
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - H Korzec
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - M Zinicola
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - R C Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401.
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Gonzalez Moreno C, Torres Luque A, Oliszewski R, Rosa RJ, Otero MC. Characterization of native Escherichia coli populations from bovine vagina of healthy heifers and cows with postpartum uterine disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228294. [PMID: 32479536 PMCID: PMC7263596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though Escherichia coli are common bacteria of the bovine vaginal microbiota, they represent an important pathogen that causes diseases in the reproductive tract and subfertility. However, the actual endometrial virulence profile of E. coli is poorly understood. The present study aims to characterize the phylogenetic structure and virulence potential of native vaginal populations of E. coli from healthy heifers (H), and cows with postpartum uterine diseases (PUD), such as metritis/endometritis (MT) or repeat breeder cows (RB). To this end, the virulence repertoire of 97 E. coli isolates was genotypically and phenotypically assessed. Most of them were assigned to phylogenetic group A (74%), followed by B1 (17%) and D (9%); RB strains were significantly (p < 0.05) more represented by B1. Seven of the 15 evaluated virulence genes (VFG) were detected and the most prevalent were fimH (87%), agn43 (41%) and csgA (35%); while traT (27%), fyuA (11%), hlyA (5%) and kpsMT II (5%) were observed in a lower proportion. Particularly, fyuA was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in MT cows whereas csgA showed the same behavior in PUD animals (p < 0.05). When comparing H and PUD strains, these last ones were associated to positive expression of biofilm, fimbriae curli/cellulose and motility; yet RB strains did not show motility. Vaginal B1 E. coli populations, that possess VFG (fyuA and csgA) as well as the expression of motility, curli fimbriae/cellulose and biofilm, may represent risk factors for endometrial disorders; specifically, those that also, have kpsMT II may have a pathogenic potential for causing the RB syndrome. Future research focusing on the detection of these strains in the vaginal microbiota of cows with postpartum uterine diseases should be done since the control of their presence in vagina could reduce the risk that they access the uterus during the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelaria Gonzalez Moreno
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, El Manantial, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Andrea Torres Luque
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Rubén Oliszewski
- Laboratorio de Calidad de Lácteos (LaCaLac), Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), El Manantial, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ramiro J. Rosa
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, El Manantial, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María C. Otero
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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40
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Vaginal microbiota diverges in sows with low and high reproductive performance after porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome vaccination. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3046. [PMID: 32080317 PMCID: PMC7033195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59955-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated evidence for a relationship between the vaginal microbiome and reproductive performance, suggesting the vaginal microbiota may serve as a tool to predict farrowing outcomes in commercial pigs. In this study, we compared the vaginal microbiome in sows with low and high farrowing performance and used it to classify animals with contrasting reproductive outcomes in commercial sows following immune challenge with porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome (PRRS) vaccination. Eighteen microbes were differentially abundant (q-value < 0.05) between the Low and High farrowing performance groups. Among them, Campylobacter, Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, Lachnospiraceae unclassified, Prevotella, and Phascolarctobacterium were also selected in the discriminant and linear regression analyses, and could be used as potential biomarkers for reproductive outcomes. The correct classification rate in the two groups was 100%. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that vaginal microbiota collected after PRRS vaccination could be potentially used to classify sows into having low or high farrowing performance in commercial herds.
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Association of TLR gene variants in a Czech Red Pied cattle population with reproductive traits. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 220:109997. [PMID: 31901560 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The bovine genes TLR1, TLR2 and TLR6, which encode Toll-like receptors, key components of the innate immune system, were screened for polymorphisms in Czech Red Pied (Czech Simmental) cattle, and the different variants present in the population were tested for association with reproductive and fitness traits. Diversity was investigated in a group of 164 bulls using hybrid resequencing of pooled amplicons with PacBio technology and of pooled genomic DNA using HiSeq X-Ten technology. The validated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in individual animals using the primer extension technique. The association of genotypic classes of 16 polymorphisms with six phenotypic traits were estimated with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and with restricted maximum likelihood (REML) algorithm. The evaluated traits included the incidence of cystic ovaries, index of early reproductive disorders, paternal and maternal indicators of calving ease, production longevity and calf vitality index. The estimated breeding values were used for combined trait quantification. Early traits, namely, cystic ovaries and early reproductive disorders, were not associated with any of the tested polymorphisms according to the general ANOVA test. By contrast, five variants of all three genes were associated with calving ease, both paternal and maternal. The production longevity correlated with two variants of TLR1 and the calf vitality index correlated with the 1044 T > C (rs68268249) polymorphism in TLR2. The false discovery rate (FDR) according to Benjamini-Hochberg was favourable for the calving ease trait (0.221) and maternal calving ease (0.214), which allows to consider the observed associations real, regardless of the error arising from the multiple comparisons. These results were supported by REML only partially, probably in view of the additivity assumption. Two mechanisms of action on calving are conceivable, either via infection resistance or via the involvement of TLR2 in signalling in the myometrium. The known formation of heterodimers by the TLR1, -2 and -6 products might be responsible for the shared pattern of action in these genes. The association of the calf vitality index with TLR2 variation might reflect the increased role of infections in calves compared to adult animals.
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Gomez DE, Galvão KN, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Costa MC. The Cattle Microbiota and the Immune System: An Evolving Field. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2019; 35:485-505. [PMID: 31590899 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New insights into the host-microbiota relationship have recently emerged with the advancement of molecular technologies such as next-generation sequencing. This article presents the current knowledge regarding the interaction between bacteria and the immune system of the gut, the uterus, and the mammary gland of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego E Gomez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Klibs N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Juan C Rodriguez-Lecompte
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Marcio C Costa
- Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 2M2, Canada
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Galvão KN, Bicalho RC, Jeon SJ. Symposium review: The uterine microbiome associated with the development of uterine disease in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:11786-11797. [PMID: 31587913 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Until 2010, our knowledge of the uterine microbiome in cows that developed uterine disease relied almost exclusively on culture-dependent studies and mostly included cows with clinical endometritis (i.e., with purulent uterine discharge). Those studies consistently found a strong positive correlation between Trueperella pyogenes and clinical endometritis, whereas other pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Prevotella melaninogenica, and Bacteroides spp. were also commonly cocultured. In contrast, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Bacillus spp. were usually isolated from healthy cows. Starting in 2010, culture-independent studies using PCR explored the microbiome of cows with metritis and clinical endometritis, and observed that E. coli was a pioneer pathogen that predisposed cows to infection with F. necrophorum, which was strongly associated with metritis, and to infection with T. pyogenes, which was strongly associated with clinical endometritis. Starting in 2011, culture-independent studies using metagenomic sequencing expanded our knowledge of the uterine microbiome. It has been shown that cows have bacteria in the uterus even before calving, they have an established uterine microbiome within 20 min of calving, and that the microbiome structure is identical between cows that develop metritis and healthy cows until 2 d postpartum, after which the bacterial structure of cows that developed metritis deviates in favor of greater relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria and lesser relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Tenericutes. The shift in the uterine microbiome in cows that develop metritis is characterized by a loss of heterogeneity and a decrease in bacterial richness. At the genus level, Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Fusobacterium have the strongest association with metritis. At the species level, we observed that Bacteroides pyogenes, Porphyromonas levii, and Helcococcus ovis were potential emerging uterine pathogens. Finally, we have shown that the hematogenous route is a viable route of uterine infection with uterine pathogens. Herein, we propose that metritis is associated with a dysbiosis of the uterine microbiota characterized by decreased richness, and an increase in Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria, particularly Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Fusobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klibs N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.
| | - Rodrigo C Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Soo Jin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548
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Cushman RA. Changing views on the role of the uterus in post-partum reproductive function in beef cows1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:4021-4022. [PMID: 31581298 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Cushman
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, U.S.A
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Transcriptome Profiling Analysis of Bovine Vaginal Epithelial Cell Response to an Isolated Lactobacillus Strain. mSystems 2019; 4:4/5/e00268-19. [PMID: 31506261 PMCID: PMC6739099 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00268-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine bacterial vaginitis causes infertility, abortion, and postpartum uterine diseases, causing serious economic loss to the dairy industry. The large-scale use of antibiotics destroys normal genital tract flora and hinders the defense mechanisms of the host. Recent research suggests that lactobacilli present in the vaginal microflora of healthy cows constitute the primary microbiological barrier to infection by genital pathogens, exerting a protective role on the reproductive tract via specific adherence to the epithelium and the production of inhibitory substances. Our research identified the mechanisms for Lactobacillus adhesion and pathogenic inhibition, providing valuable information for the development of new probiotics and the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for the prevention of infections in dairy cows. Lactobacillus strain SQ0048 isolated from bovine vagina has been shown to exhibit specific adherence to the epithelium and to produce inhibitory substances; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We cultured and identified primary bovine vaginal epithelial cells treated with SQ0048 to investigate the pathways involved in host cell responses using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Transcription profiling showed 296 significantly altered differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 170 were upregulated and 126 downregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed significant enrichment of 424 GO terms throughout the differentiation process (P < 0.05). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the DEGs were successfully annotated as members of 171 pathways, with 23 significantly enriched KEGG pathways (P < 0.05). A relatively high number of genes were enriched for the endoplasmic reticulum protein processing and interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling pathways and for antigen processing and presentation. DEGs were verified by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) and determination of which were most enriched for endoplasmic reticulum protein processing pathways, the activation of which might be a major factor underlying Lactobacillus adhesion to cells and pathogenic inhibition. IMPORTANCE Bovine bacterial vaginitis causes infertility, abortion, and postpartum uterine diseases, causing serious economic loss to the dairy industry. The large-scale use of antibiotics destroys normal genital tract flora and hinders the defense mechanisms of the host. Recent research suggests that lactobacilli present in the vaginal microflora of healthy cows constitute the primary microbiological barrier to infection by genital pathogens, exerting a protective role on the reproductive tract via specific adherence to the epithelium and the production of inhibitory substances. Our research identified the mechanisms for Lactobacillus adhesion and pathogenic inhibition, providing valuable information for the development of new probiotics and the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for the prevention of infections in dairy cows.
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Mechanisms linking bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection with infertility in cattle. Anim Health Res Rev 2019; 20:72-85. [PMID: 31895016 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252319000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important infectious disease agent that causes significant reproductive and economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide. Although BVDV infection is known to cause poor fertility in cattle, a greater part of the underlying mechanisms particularly associated with early reproductive losses are not clearly understood. Previous studies reported viral compromise of reproductive function in infected bulls. In females, BVDV infection is thought to be capable of killing the oocyte, embryo or fetus directly, or to induce lesions that result in fetal abortion or malformation. BVDV infections may also induce immune dysfunction, and predispose cattle to other diseases that cause poor health and fertility. Other reports also suggested BVDV-induced disruption of the reproductive endocrine system, and a disruption of leukocyte and cytokine functions in the reproductive organs. More recent studies have provided evidence of viral-induced suppression of endometrial innate immunity that may predispose to uterine disease. Furthermore, there is new evidence that BVDV may potentially disrupt the maternal recognition of pregnancy or the immune protection of the conceptus. This review brings together the previous reports with the more recent findings, and attempts to explain some of the mechanisms linking this important virus to infertility in cattle.
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47
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Giannattasio-Ferraz S, Laguardia-Nascimento M, Gasparini MR, Leite LR, Araujo FMG, de Matos Salim AC, de Oliveira AP, Nicoli JR, de Oliveira GC, da Fonseca FG, Barbosa-Stancioli EF. A common vaginal microbiota composition among breeds of Bos taurus indicus (Gyr and Nellore). Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:1115-1124. [PMID: 31468349 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Describing the bovine vaginal microbiota is essential to better understand its physiology and its impact on health maintenance. Despite the economic importance of reproduction of these animals, bovine vaginal microbial community is still poorly described in comparison with rumen microbiome. Previous studies of our group described the vaginal microbiota of Nellore, an important Bos taurus indicus breed, using metagenomics. In order to better understand this microbiota, the present work aims to investigate another important breed, Gyr. Results have shown bacterial dominance over Archaea and Fungi was observed, with the most abundant bacterial phylum (Firmicutes) representing 40-50% of bacterial population, followed by Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. The Fungi kingdom had the Mycosphaerella genus as its main representative, followed by Cladosporium. Archaea were observed at a very low abundance in all animals, with a high relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter genus. These results demonstrate a high microbial diversity on vaginal tract of Gyr, as demonstrated for Nellore and different from the previously described for other species. Our results indicate a great similarity between vaginal microbiota of Nellore and Gyr despite the differences in animal handling and genetic improvement. As observed for both breeds, individual variation is the largest source of microbial diversity between animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giannattasio-Ferraz
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mateus Laguardia-Nascimento
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcela Ribeiro Gasparini
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jacques Robert Nicoli
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Corrêa de Oliveira
- Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou - FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Flavio Guimarães da Fonseca
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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48
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Lima SF, Bicalho MLDS, Bicalho RC. The Bos taurus maternal microbiome: Role in determining the progeny early-life upper respiratory tract microbiome and health. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208014. [PMID: 30840624 PMCID: PMC6402649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural transference of maternal microbes to the neonate, especially at birth via the vaginal canal, has recently been recognized in humans and cows; however, its microbial influence on calf health has not yet been documented. We compared the bacterial communities in vaginal and fecal samples from 81 pregnant dairy cows versus those in nasopharyngeal and fecal samples collected at 3, 14 and 35 days of life from their respective progeny. The microbiota of the calf upper respiratory tract (URT), regardless of calf age, was found to be highly similar to the maternal vaginal microbiota. Calf fecal microbiota clustered closely to the maternal fecal microbiota, progressing toward an adult-like state over the first 35 days when relative abundances of taxa were considered. Sixty-four, 65 and 87% of the detected OTUs were shared between cow and calf fecal microbiota at days 3, 14 and 35 respectively, whereas 73, 76 and 87% were shared between maternal vaginal microbiome and calf URT microbiota at days 3, 14 and 35, respectively. Bacteroidetes, Ruminococcus, Clostridium, and Blautia were the top four genera identified in maternal and calf fecal samples. Mannheimia, Moraxella, Bacteroides, Streptococcus and Pseudomonas were the top five genera identified in maternal vaginal and calf URT samples. Mannheimia was relatively more abundant in the vaginal microbiota of cows whose progeny were diagnosed with respiratory and middle ear disease. Our results indicate that maternal vaginal microbiota potentially influences the initial bacterial colonization of the calf URT, and that might have an important impact on the health of the calf respiratory tract and middle ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Ferreira Lima
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Marcela Lucas de Souza Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo Carvalho Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Galvão KN, Higgins CH, Zinicola M, Jeon SJ, Korzec H, Bicalho RC. Effect of pegbovigrastim administration on the microbiome found in the vagina of cows postpartum. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:3439-3451. [PMID: 30799104 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pegbovigrastim (PEG) treatment of peripartum Holstein cows on the microbiome found in the vagina postpartum using sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. A subset of cows was randomly sampled from a larger study where cows had been randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: pegbovigrastim (PEG) or untreated control (CTR). The PEG-treated cows received a subcutaneous injection containing 15 mg of pegbovigrastim 7 d before expected calving and a second injection within 24 h of calving. Vaginal samples from 97 PEG-treated and 98 CTR cows were collected at calving, 7 ± 3, and 35 ± 3 d in milk (0, 7, and 35 DIM). Metritis was diagnosed at 7 ± 3 DIM and purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) at 35 ± 3 DIM. The PEG treatment did not alter the vaginal microbiome. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that metritic cows had a dissimilar vaginal microbiome compared with cows that did not develop metritis, particularly at 7 but also at 35 DIM. This difference was characterized by higher relative abundance of Porphyromonas and Bacteroides and a lower relative abundance of Ureaplasma, Ruminococcaceae, and Clostridiales at 7 DIM, and a higher relative abundance of Ureaplasma and a lower relative abundance of Pasteurellaceae at 35 DIM. Based on PCoA, we observed that cows that developed PVD had a dissimilar vaginal microbiome compared with cows that did not develop PVD, particularly at 35 DIM but also at 7 DIM. This difference was characterized by a higher relative abundance of Bacteroides at 7 DIM and higher relative abundance of Fusobacterium and Bacteroides at 35 DIM. Cows that developed metritis and PVD also had higher relative abundance of Fusobacterium and Bacteroides at 0 DIM. Furthermore, the Chao1 and Shannon indices were decreased in metritic cows at 7 DIM and in PVD cows at 7 and 35 DIM. In summary, PEG treatment had no effect on the vaginal microbiome, and uterine disease was associated with major changes in the microbiome found in the vagina postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - C H Higgins
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - M Zinicola
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - S J Jeon
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - H Korzec
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - R C Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401.
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50
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Delayed differentiation of vaginal and uterine microbiomes in dairy cows developing postpartum endometritis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0200974. [PMID: 30629579 PMCID: PMC6328119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial overgrowth in the uterus is a normal event after parturition. In contrast to the healthy cow, animals unable to control the infection within 21 days after calving develop postpartum endometritis. Studies on the Microbial Ecology of the bovine reproductive tract have focused on either vaginal or uterine microbiomes. This is the first study that compares both microbiomes in the same animals. Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of the 16S rRNA gene showed that despite large differences associated to individuals, a shared community exist in vagina and uterus during the postpartum period. The largest changes associated with development of endometritis were observed at 7 days postpartum, a time when vaginal and uterine microbiomes were most similar. 16S rRNA pyrosequencing of the vaginal microbiome at 7 days postpartum showed at least three different microbiome types that were associated with later development of postpartum endometritis. All three microbiome types featured reduced bacterial diversity. Taken together, the above findings support a scenario where disruption of the compartmentalization of the reproductive tract during parturition results in the dispersal and mixing of the vaginal and uterine microbiomes, which subsequently are subject to differentiation. This differentiation was observed early postpartum in the healthy cow. In contrast, loss of bacterial diversity and dominance of the microbiome by few bacterial taxa were related to a delayed succession at 7DPP in cows that at 21 DPP or later were diagnosed with endometritis.
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