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Felix MA, Han J, Khajanchi BK, Sanad YM, Zhao S, Foley SL. Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund: Distribution, Virulence, and Antimicrobial Resistance. Microorganisms 2025; 13:92. [PMID: 39858860 PMCID: PMC11767468 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2024] [Revised: 12/18/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund has risen in recent years. This serotype has been isolated from poultry, retail meat, and other food products, leading to multiple outbreaks. Alongside the increase in infections, there are growing concerns about the increasing levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among S. Schwarzengrund strains. This study aims to better understand the genetic factors possibly contributing to the rising prevalence of S. Schwarzengrund by analyzing the sequences of 2058 isolates from both human patients (N = 313) and food- and animal-associated sources, including chicken (N = 1145), turkey (N = 300), pork (N = 132), and other sources (N = 168). Data were obtained from GenBank and analyzed for AMR genes using AMRFinder. Additionally, putative virulence genes and plasmid transfer genes were assessed using the Virulence and AMR Plasmid Transfer Factor Database. AMR genes were found in 1269 (61.7%) of the isolates, with a total of 2478 AMR genes among the isolates, the most common being aph(3″)-Ib (N = 969, 47.1%), tet(A) (N = 190, 9.2%), and sul2 (N = 150, 7.3%), which are responsible for resistance to aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and sulfonamide, respectively. Additionally, 1060 (51.5%) isolates carried multiple plasmid transfer genes associated with IncFIB-FIC(FII) plasmids. Other plasmid types found in at least 1% of the strains included IncI1 (N = 101, 4.9%), IncHI2 (N = 62, 3.0%), or IncHI1 (N = 24, 1.2%). The virulence gene profiles of human isolates showed diversity but largely overlapped with those from different food sources. Notably, the aerobactin iron acquisition genes, associated with Salmonella's virulence and colonization, were highly prevalent among chicken isolates (N = 1019, 89.0%) but less frequent in isolates from other sources (N = 65, 7.2%). IncFIB-FIC(FII) plasmids, commonly harboring the aerobactin operon, were highly prevalent among chicken-related isolates and present in about 10% of human isolates. The diverse plasmid, AMR, and virulence gene profiles in human-associated isolates suggest that multiple factors may contribute to the increased virulence in S. Schwarzengrund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique A. Felix
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (M.A.F.); (J.H.); (B.K.K.); (Y.M.S.)
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Jing Han
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (M.A.F.); (J.H.); (B.K.K.); (Y.M.S.)
| | - Bijay K. Khajanchi
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (M.A.F.); (J.H.); (B.K.K.); (Y.M.S.)
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Yasser M. Sanad
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (M.A.F.); (J.H.); (B.K.K.); (Y.M.S.)
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Shaohua Zhao
- Office of Applied Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA;
| | - Steven L. Foley
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (M.A.F.); (J.H.); (B.K.K.); (Y.M.S.)
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Kaboudari A, Aliakbarlu J, Mehdizadeh T. Simultaneous Effects of Food-related Stresses on the Antibiotic Resistance of Foodborne Salmonella Serotypes. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100350. [PMID: 39168450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become one of the most critical issues in the field of public health in recent years. Exposure to food environment stresses may result in the development of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella. The present study aimed to investigate the simultaneous effects of food-related stresses (osmotic pressure, acid, heat, cold, and freezing stresses) on the antibiotic resistance changes in Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium. A factorial design with five factors at two levels was used to evaluate the main and interactive effects of stress factors on the antibiotic resistance of Salmonella serotypes. The changes in the antibiotic resistance of Salmonella serotypes were evaluated using the disc diffusion assay. The results showed that the different stresses had different effects on the antibiotic resistance of Salmonella serotypes. The freezing time and osmotic stresses had the most significant effects on the antibiotic resistance (P < 0.05). S. Enteritidis showed the slightest changes after exposure to stresses. The results also showed that a low level (24 h) of freezing time decreased the antibiotic resistance, but at a high level (96 h) increased it. The results emphasized that food processing and storage conditions should be considered as crucial factors in developing antibiotic resistance in Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Kaboudari
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Javad Aliakbarlu
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran.
| | - Tooraj Mehdizadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
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Felix MA, Sopovski D, Commichaux S, Yoskowitz N, Aljahdali NH, Grim CJ, Abbott CN, Carlton A, Han J, Sanad YM, Zhao S, Wang X, Foley SL, Khajanchi BK. Genetic relatedness and virulence potential of Salmonella Schwarzengrund strains with or without an IncFIB-IncFIC(FII) fusion plasmid isolated from food and clinical sources. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1397068. [PMID: 38827152 PMCID: PMC11143878 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1397068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
A total of 55 food and clinical S. Schwarzengrund isolates were assayed for plasmid content, among which an IncFIB-IncFIC(FII) fusion plasmid, conferring streptomycin resistance, was detected in 17 isolates. Among the 17 isolates, 9 were food isolates primarily collected from poultry meat, and 8 clinical isolates collected from stool, urine, and gallbladder. SNP-based phylogenetic analyses showed that the isolates carrying the fusion plasmid formed a subclade indicating the plasmid was acquired and is now maintained by the lineage. Phylogenetic analysis of the plasmid suggested it is derived from avian pathogenic plasmids and might confer an adaptive advantage to the S. Schwarzengrund isolates within birds. IncFIB-IncFIC(FII) fusion plasmids from all food and three clinical isolates were self-conjugative and successfully transferred into E. coli J53 by conjugation. Food and clinical isolates had similar virulome profiles and were able to invade human Caco-2 cells. However, the IncFIB-IncFIC(FII) plasmid did not significantly add to their invasion and persistence potential in human Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique A. Felix
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
- University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR, United States
| | - Danielle Sopovski
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Seth Commichaux
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Noah Yoskowitz
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Nesreen H. Aljahdali
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher J. Grim
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Carter N. Abbott
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Ashlyn Carlton
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
- University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR, United States
| | - Jing Han
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Yasser M. Sanad
- University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Shaohua Zhao
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Xiong Wang
- Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Steven L. Foley
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Bijay K. Khajanchi
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
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Sopovski D, Commichaux S, Zhao S, Grim CJ, Foley SL, Khajanchi BK. Complete genome sequences of 17 Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund isolates carrying an IncFIB-IncFIC (FII) fusion plasmid. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0106223. [PMID: 38231183 PMCID: PMC10868266 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01062-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Seventeen Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund isolates from chicken (n = 9) and clinical samples including stool (n = 6), urine (n = 1), and gallbladder (n = 1) were sequenced and found to carry an IncFIB-IncFIC (FII) fusion plasmid of approximately 145 Kb. This information provides reference genomic data for comparative studies of S. Schwarzengrund pathogenicity and plasmid genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Sopovski
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Seth Commichaux
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Shaohua Zhao
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Applied Science, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher J. Grim
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven L. Foley
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Bijay K. Khajanchi
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA
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Gómez-Baltazar A, Godínez-Oviedo A, Segura-García LE, Hernández-Pérez CF, Hernández-Iturriaga M, Cabrera-Díaz E. Genomic diversity of Salmonella enterica isolated from raw chicken at retail establishments in Mexico. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 411:110526. [PMID: 38154253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The genomic diversity of circulating non-typhoidal Salmonella in raw chicken was investigated in three states of central Mexico. A total of 192 S. enterica strains from chicken meat samples collected at supermarkets, fresh markets, and butcher shops were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. The serovar distribution, occurrence of genes encoding for antimicrobial resistance, metal resistance, biocide resistance, plasmids and virulence factors, and clonal relatedness based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis were investigated. Serovars Infantis, Schwarzengrund and Enteritidis predominated among twenty identified. The distribution of serovars and proportion of AMR genes was different according to the state, year, season, and retail establishment (p < 0.001). Genes encoding metals resistance were identified in all the strains. A total of 145 virulence genes were identified and strains were classified into 32 virulotypes; serovars Infantis, Typhimurium, and Enteritidis showed the highest number of virulence genes. The strains matched 34 SNP clusters in the NCBI Pathogen Detection server and 59 %, which corresponded to Infantis, Schwarzengrund, Saintpaul, and Enteritidis, were associated with five major clusters and matched with chicken, environmental and clinical isolates from at least three countries. These results provide useful information to understand the epidemiology of Salmonella, conduct microbial risk assessment, and design risk-based control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Gómez-Baltazar
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Colonia Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, Qro., Mexico
| | - Angélica Godínez-Oviedo
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Colonia Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, Qro., Mexico
| | - Luis Eduardo Segura-García
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, Zapopan 45200, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Cindy Fabiola Hernández-Pérez
- Centro Nacional de Referencia en Inocuidad y Bioseguridad Agroalimentaria del SENASICA, Carretera México Pachuca Km 35.5, Tecámac. CP. 55740, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Montserrat Hernández-Iturriaga
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Colonia Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, Qro., Mexico.
| | - Elisa Cabrera-Díaz
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, Zapopan 45200, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Gong J, Zeng X, Xu J, Zhang D, Dou X, Lin J, Wang C. Genomic Characterization of a Plasmid-Free and Highly Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Indiana Isolate in China. Vet Sci 2024; 11:46. [PMID: 38275928 PMCID: PMC10819017 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana (S. Indiana) strains in China is commonly associated with the presence of one or more resistance plasmids harboring integrons pivotal in acquiring antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aims to elucidate the genetic makeup of this plasmid-free, highly drug-resistant S. Indiana S1467 strain. Genomic sequencing was performed using Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencer and PacBio RS II System. Prodigal software predicted putative protein-coding sequences while BLASTP analysis was conducted. The S1467 genome comprises a circular 4,998,300 bp chromosome with an average GC content of 51.81%, encompassing 4709 open reading frames (ORFs). Fifty-four AMR genes were identified, conferring resistance across 16 AMR categories, aligning closely with the strain's antibiotic susceptibility profile. Genomic island prediction unveiled an approximately 51 kb genomic island housing a unique YeeVU toxin-antitoxin system (TAS), a rarity in Salmonella species. This suggests that the AMR gene cluster on the S1467 genomic island may stem from the integration of plasmids originating from other Enterobacteriaceae. This study contributes not only to the understanding of the genomic characteristics of a plasmid-free, highly drug-resistant S. Indiana strain but also sheds light on the intricate mechanisms underlying antimicrobial resistance. The implications of our findings extend to the broader context of horizontal gene transfer between bacterial species, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance and research to address the evolving challenges posed by drug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansen Gong
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China; (J.G.); (D.Z.); (X.D.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ximin Zeng
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jingxiao Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China;
| | - Di Zhang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China; (J.G.); (D.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Xinhong Dou
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China; (J.G.); (D.Z.); (X.D.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Ju Z, Cui L, Lei C, Song M, Chen X, Liao Z, Zhang T, Wang H. Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Isolated from Breeder Poultry Farm Sources in China, 2020-2021. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1642. [PMID: 37998844 PMCID: PMC10669045 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal salmonellosis is a dangerous foodborne disease that causes enormous economic loss and threatens public health worldwide. The consumption of food, especially poultry or poultry products, contaminated with non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is the main cause of human salmonellosis. To date, no research has identified the molecular epidemiological characteristics of NTS strains isolated from breeder chicken farms in different provinces of China. In our study, we investigated the antimicrobial resistance, phylogenetic relationships, presence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, and plasmids of NTS isolates recovered from breeder chicken farms in five provinces of China between 2020 and 2021 by using a whole-genome sequencing (WGS) approach and phenotypic methods. All sequenced isolates belonged to six serovars with seven sequence types. Nearly half of the isolates (44.87%) showed phenotypic resistance to at least three classes of antimicrobials. Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky harbored more antimicrobial resistance genes than the others, which was highly consistent with phenotypic resistance. Furthermore, the carried rate of 104 out of 135 detected virulence genes was 100%. Overall, our WGS results highlight the need for the continuous monitoring of, and additional studies on, the antimicrobial resistance of NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Ju
- Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China; (Z.J.); (C.L.); (X.C.); (Z.L.); (T.Z.)
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lulu Cui
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (L.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Changwei Lei
- Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China; (Z.J.); (C.L.); (X.C.); (Z.L.); (T.Z.)
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Mengze Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (L.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Xuan Chen
- Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China; (Z.J.); (C.L.); (X.C.); (Z.L.); (T.Z.)
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ziwei Liao
- Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China; (Z.J.); (C.L.); (X.C.); (Z.L.); (T.Z.)
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China; (Z.J.); (C.L.); (X.C.); (Z.L.); (T.Z.)
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hongning Wang
- Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China; (Z.J.); (C.L.); (X.C.); (Z.L.); (T.Z.)
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
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Tokuyama Y, Yamada H, Shinozuka K, Yunoki T, Ohtsuru S. Pyogenic sacroiliitis caused by Salmonella schwarzengrund in a young healthy woman: a case report and literature review. Int J Emerg Med 2023; 16:21. [PMID: 36941606 PMCID: PMC10026423 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-023-00496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella species are a leading cause of diarrheal diseases worldwide. Recent epidemiological studies have shown that Salmonella schwarzengrund (S. schwarzengrund) is highly prevalent in various regions. Herein, we report that S. schwarzengrund caused sacroiliac joint (SIJ) infection with septic shock in a young woman, although she was immunocompetent. CASE PRESENTATION A 20-year-old woman presented with left hip pain, accompanied by vasopressor-requiring hypotension. Her imaging examinations showed fluid collection in her SIJ and a small abscess in the left iliac muscle. Later, the blood and aspiration fluid culture and genetic analysis revealed the presence of S. schwarzengrund. We diagnosed sacroiliac joint (SIJ) infection with septic shock caused by S. schwarzengrund. Her condition improved after performing several interventional radiology (IVR) procedures for SIJ abscesses and providing appropriate antibiotic treatment. Finally, she was discharged without any sequelae. Screening tests and genetic analysis about her immunodeficiency did not indicate a congenital disorder. CONCLUSION These clinical courses indicate that S. schwarzengrund could cause the fatal SIJ infection irrespective of the host immunocompetence. Considering the recent increase in the diagnostic rate of S. schwarzengrund, this case emphasized the need to be more cautious about Salmonella species infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tokuyama
- Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Shinozuka
- Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yunoki
- Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohtsuru
- Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Sodagari HR, Shrestha RD, Agunos A, Gow SP, Varga C. Comparison of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from Canadian turkey flocks, 2013-2021. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102655. [PMID: 37030258 PMCID: PMC10113892 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella from turkeys has raised a food safety concern in Canada as certain serovars have been implicated in human salmonellosis outbreaks in recent years. While several studies evaluated AMR in broiler chickens in Canada, there are limited studies that assess AMR in turkey flocks. This study analyzed data collected between 2013 and 2021 by the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS) farm turkey surveillance program to determine the prevalence of AMR and differences in resistance patterns among Salmonella serovars recovered from turkey flocks. Salmonella isolates were tested for susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials using a microbroth dilution method. Hierarchical clustering dendrograms were constructed to compare the individual AMR status of Salmonella serovars. Differences in the probability of resistance between Salmonella serovars were determined using generalized estimating equation logistic regression models to account for farm-level clustering. Of the 1,367 Salmonella isolates detected, 55.3% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial and 25.3% were multidrug resistant (MDR) (resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial classes). The Salmonella isolates exhibited high resistance to tetracycline (43.3%), streptomycin (47.2%), and sulfisoxazole (29.1%). The 3 most frequently occurring serovars were S. Uganda (22.9%), S. Hadar (13.5%), and S. Reading (12.0%). Streptomycin-sulfisoxazole-tetracycline (n = 204) was the most frequent MDR pattern identified. Heatmaps showed that S. Reading exhibited coresistance to the quinolone class antimicrobials, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid; S. Heidelberg to gentamicin and sulfisoxazole; and S. Agona to ampicillin and ceftriaxone. Salmonella Hadar isolates had higher odds of resistance to tetracycline (OR: 152.1, 95% CI: 70.6-327.4) while the probability of being resistant to gentamicin and ampicillin was significantly higher in S. Senftenberg than in all the other serovars. Moreover, S. Uganda had the highest odds of being MDR (OR: 4.7, 95% CI: 3.7-6.1). The high resistance observed warrants a reassessment of the drivers for AMR, including AMU strategies and other production factors. Differences in AMR patterns highlight the need to implement serovar-specific mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Sodagari
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rima D Shrestha
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Agnes Agunos
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheryl P Gow
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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10
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Xu Q, Xie G, Shi Q, Liu J, Zhou B, Tong P, Aguilar ZP, Xu H. The dual nucleic acid amplification with dynamic light scattering strategy for ultrasensitive detection of Salmonella in milk. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Yue X, Sun J, Zhao R, Zhang J. A novel NMR immunosensor based on O-CMCS-targeted Gd probe for rapid detection of Salmonella anatum in milk. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Takaichi M, Osawa K, Nomoto R, Nakanishi N, Kameoka M, Miura M, Shigemura K, Kinoshita S, Kitagawa K, Uda A, Miyara T, Mertaniasih NM, Hadi U, Raharjo D, Yulistiani R, Fujisawa M, Kuntaman K, Shirakawa T. Antibiotic Resistance in Non-Typhoidal Salmonella enterica Strains Isolated from Chicken Meat in Indonesia. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050543. [PMID: 35631064 PMCID: PMC9143091 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) has been confirmed in Indonesia by this study. We confirmed the virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibilities of clinical NTS (n = 50) isolated from chicken meat in Indonesia and also detected antimicrobial resistance genes. Of 50 strains, 30 (60%) were non-susceptible to nalidixic acid (NA) and all of them had amino acid mutations in gyrA. Among 27 tetracycline (TC) non-susceptible strains, 22 (81.5%) had tetA and/or tetB. The non-susceptibility rates to ampicillin, gentamicin or kanamycin were lower than that of NA or TC, but the prevalence of blaTEM or aadA was high. Non-susceptible strains showed a high prevalence of virulence genes compared with the susceptible strains (tcfA, p = 0.014; cdtB, p < 0.001; sfbA, p < 0.001; fimA, p = 0.002). S. Schwarzengrund was the most prevalent serotype (23 strains, 46%) and the most frequently detected as multi-antimicrobial resistant. The prevalence of virulence genes in S. Schwarzengrund was significantly higher than other serotypes in hlyE (p = 0.011) and phoP/Q (p = 0.011) in addition to the genes above. In conclusion, NTS strains isolated from Indonesian chicken had a high resistance to antibiotics and many virulence factors. In particular, S. Schwarzengrund strains were most frequently detected as multi-antimicrobial resistant and had a high prevalence of virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minori Takaichi
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 654-0142, Japan; (M.T.); (M.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Kayo Osawa
- Department of Medical Technology, Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe 653-0838, Japan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ryohei Nomoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, Kobe 650-0046, Japan; (R.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Noriko Nakanishi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, Kobe 650-0046, Japan; (R.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Masanori Kameoka
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 654-0142, Japan; (M.T.); (M.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Makiko Miura
- Department of Medical Technology, Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe 653-0838, Japan;
| | - Katsumi Shigemura
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 654-0142, Japan; (M.T.); (M.K.); (K.S.)
- Division of Urology, Department of Organ Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (M.F.); (T.S.)
| | - Shohiro Kinoshita
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (S.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Koichi Kitagawa
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (S.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Atsushi Uda
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (A.U.); (T.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miyara
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (A.U.); (T.M.)
| | - Ni Made Mertaniasih
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia; (N.M.M.); (U.H.)
| | - Usman Hadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia; (N.M.M.); (U.H.)
| | - Dadik Raharjo
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia; (D.R.); (K.K.)
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Ratna Yulistiani
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur, Surabaya 60294, Indonesia;
| | - Masato Fujisawa
- Division of Urology, Department of Organ Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (M.F.); (T.S.)
| | - Kuntaman Kuntaman
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia; (D.R.); (K.K.)
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Toshiro Shirakawa
- Division of Urology, Department of Organ Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (M.F.); (T.S.)
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (S.K.); (K.K.)
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13
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Florensa AF, Kaas RS, Clausen PTLC, Aytan-Aktug D, Aarestrup FM. ResFinder - an open online resource for identification of antimicrobial resistance genes in next-generation sequencing data and prediction of phenotypes from genotypes. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35072601 PMCID: PMC8914360 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most important health threats globally. The ability to accurately identify resistant bacterial isolates and the individual antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) is essential for understanding the evolution and emergence of AMR and to provide appropriate treatment. The rapid developments in next-generation sequencing technologies have made this technology available to researchers and microbiologists at routine laboratories around the world. However, tools available for those with limited experience with bioinformatics are lacking, especially to enable researchers and microbiologists in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to perform their own studies. The CGE-tools (Center for Genomic Epidemiology) including ResFinder (https://cge.cbs.dtu.dk/services/ResFinder/) was developed to provide freely available easy to use online bioinformatic tools allowing inexperienced researchers and microbiologists to perform simple bioinformatic analyses. The main purpose was and is to provide these solutions for people involved in frontline diagnosis especially in LMICs. Since its original publication in 2012, ResFinder has undergone a number of improvements including improvement of the code and databases, inclusion of point mutations for selected bacterial species and predictions of phenotypes also for selected species. As of 28 September 2021, 820 803 analyses have been performed using ResFinder from 61 776 IP-addresses in 171 countries. ResFinder clearly fulfills a need for several people around the globe and we hope to be able to continue to provide this service free of charge in the future. We also hope and expect to provide further improvements including phenotypic predictions for additional bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rolf Sommer Kaas
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Derya Aytan-Aktug
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Yang SM, Kim E, Lee W, Kim HY. Genomic characteristics and comparative genomics of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Schwarzengrund strain S16 isolated from chicken feces. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:1. [PMID: 34983642 PMCID: PMC8728987 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00476-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Schwarzengrund (S. Schwarzengrund) is most frequently isolated from commensals humans or poultry. Here we report S. Schwarzengrund strain S16, the first sequenced genome in the Republic of Korea. Additionally, genome sequencing for strain S16 was performed and compared with other S. Schwarzengrund genomes obtained from public database. Results Strain S16 was isolated from chicken feces. The complete genome consists of one chromosome and one plasmid. The genome size is 4,822,755 bp with 4852 coding sequences. Strain S16 was determined as serovar Schwarzengrund by in silico serotyping and typed as sequence type (ST) 96. Forty-six S. Schwarzengrund genomes yielded a pangenome of 7112 genes, core-genome of 3374 genes, accessory-genome of 2906 genes, and unique-genome of 835 genes. Eighty-one genes were unique to strain S16, including hypothetical proteins and transcriptional regulators. Genotypic analysis of antibiotic resistance of strain S16 confirmed resistance to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Unlike other S. Schwarzengrund genomes, strain S16 had a mutation of gyrB. Moreover, similar to other S. Schwarzengrund genomes reported in other countries, strain S16 was harbored for 153 virulence genes including Saf operon and cdtB gene. All the antibiotic resistance genes and virulence genes were present in the core- or accessory-genomes. Conclusions Complete genome of strain S16 was sequenced. Comparative genomic analysis revealed several genes responsible for antibiotic resistance and specific genomic features of strain S16 and identified virulence factors that might contribute to the human and animal pathogenicity of other S. Schwarzengrund genomes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13099-021-00476-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Min Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea
| | - Eiseul Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea
| | - Woojung Lee
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea
| | - Hae-Yeong Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea.
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15
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Tobolowsky FA, Cui Z, Hoekstra RM, Bruce BB. Salmonella Serotypes Associated with Illnesses after Thanksgiving Holiday, United States, 1998-2018. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:210-213. [PMID: 34932459 PMCID: PMC8714195 DOI: 10.3201/eid2801.211986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to determine which Salmonella serotypes cause illness related to the Thanksgiving holiday in the United States and to foods disproportionately eaten then (e.g., turkey). Using routine surveillance for 1998-2018 and a case-crossover design, we found serotype Reading to be most strongly associated with Thanksgiving.
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16
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Molecular Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella enterica Serovar Schwarzengrund from Chicken Meat in Japan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111336. [PMID: 34827274 PMCID: PMC8615118 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund-contaminated areas of broiler chickens have expanded from West Japan to East Japan. The present study investigated the antimicrobial resistance and molecular characteristics of 124 S. Schwarzengrund isolates obtained from chicken meat produced in East and West Japan from 2008 to 2019. Comparing the isolates obtained in 2008 and 2015–2019, an increase in the proportion of those resistant to kanamycin [51.4–89.7% (p < 0.001)] was observed. In contrast, the proportion of isolates resistant to both streptomycin and tetracycline and those that harbored a 1.0-kb class 1 integron, aadA1, and tetA, significantly decreased from 100% in 2008 to 47.1% in 2015–2019 (p < 0.001). A 1.0-kb class 1 integron containing aadA1, harbored by 78 isolates, was different from that reported in globally distributed S. Schwarzengrund strains (1.9 kb, containing the dfrA12-aadA2 gene cassette). Twenty-five isolates from different product districts and years of isolation were typed as sequence type (ST) 241 with multilocus sequence typing. Our results suggest that S. Schwarzengrund, which contaminates chicken meat in Japan, shares a common ancestor regardless of the product district from 2008 to recent years. Moreover, S. Schwarzengrund ST241 may have spread from western to eastern Japan.
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Yue X, Sun J, Yang T, Dong Q, Li T, Ding S, Liang X, Feng K, Gao X, Yang M, Huang G, Zhang J. Rapid detection of Salmonella in milk by a nuclear magnetic resonance biosensor based on the streptavidin-biotin system and O-carboxymethyl chitosan target gadolinium probe. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:11486-11498. [PMID: 34454766 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive detection of foodborne pathogens is of great importance for food safety. Here, a set of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) biosensors based on a O-carboxymethyl chitosan target gadolinium (Gd) probe was developed to quickly detect Salmonella in milk by combining NMR technology and bioimmunotechnology with membrane filtration technology. First, O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) was biotinylated to prepare biotinylated O-carboxymethyl chitosan (biotin-O-CMC) through amide reaction, and biotinylated magnetic complexes (biotin-O-CMC-Gd) were obtained by using O-CMC, which has strong chelating adsorption on Gd. The target probe was obtained by combining biotin-O-CMC-Gd with the biotinylated antibody (biotin-antibody) via streptavidin (SA) by introducing the SA-biotin system. Then, Salmonella was captured by the target probe through antigen-antibody interaction. Finally, NMR was used to measure the longitudinal relaxation time (T1) of the filtrate collected by membrane filtration. This NMR biosensor with good specificity and high efficiency can detect Salmonella with the sensitivity of 1.8 × 103 cfu/mL within 2 h; in addition, it can realize the detection of complex samples because of its strong anti-interference capability and may open up a new method for rapid detection of Salmonella, which has a great application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Junru Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Tan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qiuling Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shuangyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xuehua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Kaiwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Mingqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ganhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jinsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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18
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Li IC, Wu HH, Chen ZW, Chou CH. Prevalence of IncFIB Plasmids Found among Salmonella enterica Serovar Schwarzengrund Isolates from Animal Sources in Taiwan Using Whole-Genome Sequencing. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081024. [PMID: 34451486 PMCID: PMC8399590 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund is one of the most frequently isolated Salmonella serotypes responsible for human and poultry infections in Taiwan, and it has raised public health concerns. To better facilitate the understanding of transmission patterns and the dynamics of epidemics, sharing molecular data on pathogen profiles is urgently needed. The objectives of the current study were to determine and establish baseline data of S. enterica serovar Schwarzengrund isolates from 23 epidemiologically unrelated sources from year 2000 to 2018 and examine their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Genomic DNA of the Salmonella isolates was extracted and subjected to whole-genome sequencing using an Illumina platform. Results showed that all selected isolates exhibited multidrug resistance, and six of those were resistant to ciprofloxacin phenotypically. Genotypically, these isolates carried genes resistant to aminoglycoside (100%), phenicol (91.3%), β-lactams (69.5%), folate pathway antagonist (100%), tetracycline (82.6%), and fluoroquinolone (4.3%). Moreover, these isolates harbor integrons with five different gene cassettes identified for the first time, which are associated with resistance to trimethoprim, streptomycin, tetracycline, sulfonamide, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin. Furthermore, prevalence of IncFIB plasmid was found among studied isolates, which may increase its ability to colonize the chicken cecum and cause extra-intestinal disease. Salmonella pathogenicity islands SPI-1 to SPI-5, SPI-13, and SPI-14, as well as C63PI locus, were also detected in all isolates. This study demonstrated that a considerable high antimicrobial resistance with high virulence levels of Salmonella were found from animal sources. Sharing data on these pathogen profiles can not only help increase the reproducibility and accessibility of genomic analysis but can also support surveillance and epidemiological investigations for salmonellosis in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Li
- Zoonoses Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 106, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiu-Hui Wu
- Animal Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, No. 52, Kedong 2nd Road, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan;
| | - Zeng-Weng Chen
- Animal Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, No. 52, Kedong 2nd Road, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (Z.-W.C.); (C.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-37-585-851 (Z.-W.C.); +886-2-3366-3861 (C.-H.C.); Fax: +886-2-2364-9154 (C.-H.C.)
| | - Chung-Hsi Chou
- Zoonoses Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 106, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (Z.-W.C.); (C.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-37-585-851 (Z.-W.C.); +886-2-3366-3861 (C.-H.C.); Fax: +886-2-2364-9154 (C.-H.C.)
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Analysis of 56,348 Genomes Identifies the Relationship between Antibiotic and Metal Resistance and the Spread of Multidrug-Resistant Non-Typhoidal Salmonella. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071468. [PMID: 34361911 PMCID: PMC8306355 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is common foodborne pathogen that generates both enteric and systemic infections in hosts. Antibiotic resistance is common is certain serovars of the pathogen and of great concern to public health. Recent reports have documented the co-occurrence of metal resistance with antibiotic resistance in one serovar of S. enterica. Therefore, we sought to identify possible co-occurrence in a large genomic dataset. Genome assemblies of 56,348 strains of S. enterica comprising 20 major serovars were downloaded from NCBI. The downloaded assemblies were quality controlled and in silico serotyped to ensure consistency and avoid improper annotation from public databases. Metal and antibiotic resistance genes were identified in the genomes as well as plasmid replicons. Co-occurrent genes were identified by constructing a co-occurrence matrix and grouping said matrix using k-means clustering. Three groups of co-occurrent genes were identified using k-means clustering. Group 1 was comprised of the pco and sil operons that confer resistance to copper and silver, respectively. Group 1 was distributed across four serovars. Group 2 contained the majority of the genes and little to no co-occurrence was observed. Metal and antibiotic co-occurrence was identified in group 3 that contained genes conferring resistance to: arsenic, mercury, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. Group 3 genes were also associated with an IncQ1 class plasmid replicon. Metal and antibiotic co-occurrence from group 3 genes is mostly isolated to one clade of S. enterica I 4,[5],12:i:-.
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Zamil S, Ferdous J, Zannat MM, Biswas PK, Gibson JS, Henning J, Hoque MA, Barua H. Isolation and antimicrobial resistance of motile Salmonella enterica from the poultry hatchery environment. Vet Res Commun 2021; 45:277-284. [PMID: 34189702 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09807-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is a globally distributed major food-borne pathogen and poultry is one of the predominant sources of salmonellosis in humans. To investigate the presence of motile Salmonella in the poultry hatchery environment, we collected 97 fluff samples from four selected broiler breeder chicken hatcheries from Chattogram, Bangladesh during July-December 2015. To isolate motile Salmonella enterica, we used conventional bacteriological techniques followed by serological verification using anti-Salmonella Poly A-E serum and species confirmation by conventional PCR assay. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for 10 commonly used antibiotics was performed on all isolates. Isolates displaying phenotypic resistance to ampicillin were tested by PCR for blaTEM gene, whereas those resistant to tetracycline were tested for the presence of tetA, tetB and tetC genes. A total of 24 samples (24.7%; 95% CI: 16.5-34.5, N = 97) from 3 hatcheries were positive for motile Salmonella. Of them, 21 (87.5%) and 12 (50.0%) were resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline, respectively, 9 (37.5%) to nalidixic acid and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim. No resistance was detected to ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, gentamicin, neomycin, ciprofloxacin and colistin. Ten (42%) of 24 isolates from 2 hatcheries were multi-drug resistant (i.e. resistant to ≥ 3 antimicrobial classes). Six of 21 ampicillin resistant isolates contained blaTEM gene and 10 of 12 tetracycline resistant isolates contained tetA gene. This study highlights the circulation of multi-drug resistant motile Salmonella in the hatchery environment for the first time in Bangladesh. Further epidemiological and molecular studies are therefore needed to identify the serotypes and source of the bacteria in hatcheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafayat Zamil
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh.
| | - Jinnat Ferdous
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh.,EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, 10001-2320, USA.,Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Mosammat Moonkiratul Zannat
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Paritosh Kumar Biswas
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Justine S Gibson
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, 4343, Australia
| | - Joerg Henning
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, 4343, Australia
| | - Md Ahasanul Hoque
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Himel Barua
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
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21
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Caffrey N, Agunos A, Gow S, Liljebjelke K, Mainali C, Checkley SL. Salmonella spp. prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in broiler chicken and turkey flocks in Canada from 2013 to 2018. Zoonoses Public Health 2021; 68:719-736. [PMID: 33780135 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella infections are a major human health concern. In the elderly and immunocompromised, infections can be life-threatening and may require antibiotic therapy. Where antibiotic therapy is required, antimicrobials of choice include fluoroquinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC). The aim of this study is to utilize data from the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS) to compare the prevalence of Salmonella serovars between broiler chicken and turkey flocks across Canada, and to gain an understanding of the prevalence of resistance to antimicrobials categorized as important to human health. There were 1,596 Salmonella isolates obtained from 514 broiler chicken flocks, and 659 Salmonella isolates obtained from 217 turkey flocks (2013-2018). All isolates were obtained from pooled faecal samples. Among broiler chicken flocks, the top three serovars were Kentucky (n = 573, 36%), Enteritidis (n = 314, 20%) and Heidelberg (n = 127, 8%). Resistance to ceftriaxone among Salmonella ser. Kentucky decreased from 27% in 2013 to 22% in 2018. There was no resistance among Salmonella ser. Enteritidis reported until 2018 when one isolate from British Columbia was resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphisoxazole and tetracycline. Salmonella ser. Heidelberg resistance to ceftriaxone decreased from 19% in 2013 to 14% in 2018. Among turkey flocks the top three serovars were Uganda (n = 109, 16.5%), Hadar (n = 85, 12%) and Muenchen (n = 66, 10%). No isolates of Salmonella ser. Uganda or Salmonella ser. Muenchen were resistant to any β-lactams. Salmonella ser. Hadar (34/81, 42%) exhibited resistance to ampicillin. There was no resistance to quinolones among turkey isolates. Emerging resistance among Salmonella ser. Enteritidis, and resistance to β-lactams and fluoroquinolones among Salmonella ser. Kentucky from broilers are cause for concern as these classes of antimicrobials are important for treatment of salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Caffrey
- Department Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Agnes Agunos
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sheryl Gow
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Karen Liljebjelke
- Department Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Chunu Mainali
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Epidemiology Unit, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sylvia L Checkley
- Department Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Santana AM, da Silva DG, Maluta RP, Pizauro LJL, Simplício KMDMG, Santana CH, Rodrigues SDAD, Rodrigues DDP, Fagliari JJ. Comparative Analysis Using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Highlights a Potential Transmission of Salmonella Between Asymptomatic Buffaloes and Pigs in a Single Farm. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:552413. [PMID: 33240945 PMCID: PMC7683720 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.552413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Buffaloes and pigs play an important epidemiological roll in the Salmonella infection cycle, and asymptomatic animals can act as key component in the dissemination of the disease by horizontal, vertical, and cross-species transmission. Our study aimed and was able to confirm evidences of a cross-species transmission of Salmonella Agona between asymptomatic buffaloes and pigs. Also, we described Salmonella infection within the pig production phases, involving serotypes Agona, Senftenberg and Schwarzengrund. Rectal samples were collected from Jafarabadi buffaloes (n = 25) and Piau pigs (n = 32), located on a single farm. Salmonella Agona was isolated from lactating buffaloes, gilts, pregnant sows, and weaned pigs, Salmonella Schwarzengrund from lactating sows and Salmonella Senftenberg from gilts, pregnant sows, lactating sows, and weaned pigs. Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis protocol (PFGE) was performed and revealed four different profiles. Profile 1 (Salmonella Agona), isolated from a pregnant sow, a gilt and two lactating buffaloes, revealed a indistinguishable PFGE pattern, confirming evidences of potential cross-species transmission. Profile 2 (Salmonella Agona), 3 (Salmonella Senftenberg), and 4 (Salmonella Schwarzengrund), isolated from pigs, revealed important indistinguishable PFGE patterns, evidencing Salmonella infection within the pig production phases. Considering the epidemiological relevance of buffaloes and pigs in the cycle of Salmonella infection, confirmation of a potential cross-species transmission of Salmonella Agona and potential Salmonella infection within the pig production phases highlights the importance of the correct establishment of preventive health strategies in farms, in special the importance of avoiding contact between buffaloes and pigs, since cross-species transmission can occur, increasing the risk of spreading the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Marcos Santana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Maringá State University (UEM), Maringá, Brazil
| | - Daniela Gomes da Silva
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCAV/UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Pariz Maluta
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCAV/UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas José Luduverio Pizauro
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCAV/UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Clarissa Helena Santana
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCAV/UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Dália Dos Prazeres Rodrigues
- National Reference Laboratory Diagnosis of Enteric Bacteria, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Jurandir Fagliari
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCAV/UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Jibril AH, Okeke IN, Dalsgaard A, Kudirkiene E, Akinlabi OC, Bello MB, Olsen JE. Prevalence and risk factors of Salmonella in commercial poultry farms in Nigeria. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238190. [PMID: 32966297 PMCID: PMC7510976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is an important human pathogen and poultry products constitute an important source of human infections. This study investigated prevalence; identified serotypes based on whole genome sequence, described spatial distribution of Salmonella serotypes and predicted risk factors that could influence the prevalence of Salmonella infection in commercial poultry farms in Nigeria. A cross sectional approach was employed to collect 558 pooled shoe socks and dust samples from 165 commercial poultry farms in North West Nigeria. On-farm visitation questionnaires were administered to obtain information on farm management practices in order to assess risk factors for Salmonella prevalence. Salmonella was identified by culture, biotyping, serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR confirmed isolates were paired-end Illumina- sequenced. Following de novo genome assembly, draft genomes were used to obtain serotypes by SeqSero2 and SISTR pipeline and sequence types by SISTR and Enterobase. Risk factor analysis was performed using the logit model. A farm prevalence of 47.9% (CI95 [40.3-55.5]) for Salmonella was observed, with a sample level prevalence of 15.9% (CI95 [12.9-18.9]). Twenty-three different serotypes were identified, with S. Kentucky and S. Isangi as the most prevalent (32.9% and 11%). Serotypes showed some geographic variation. Salmonella detection was strongly associated with disposal of poultry waste and with presence of other livestock on the farm. Salmonella was commonly detected on commercial poultry farms in North West Nigeria and S. Kentucky was found to be ubiquitous in the farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Hassan Jibril
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Iruka N. Okeke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Anders Dalsgaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Egle Kudirkiene
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olabisi Comfort Akinlabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Bashir Bello
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - John Elmerdahl Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Obe T, Nannapaneni R, Schilling W, Zhang L, McDaniel C, Kiess A. Prevalence of Salmonella enterica on poultry processing equipment after completion of sanitization procedures. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4539-4548. [PMID: 32867998 PMCID: PMC7598133 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a poultry-borne pathogen that causes illness throughout the world. Consequently, it is critical to control Salmonella during the process of converting broilers to poultry meat. Sanitization of a poultry processing facility, including processing equipment, is a crucial control measure that is utilized by poultry integrators. However, prevalence of Salmonella on equipment after sanitization and its potential risk to food safety has not been evaluated thoroughly. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the persistence of Salmonella on poultry processing equipment before and following cleaning and sanitization procedure. A total of 15 locations within 6 commercial processing plants were sampled at 3 time points: (A) after processing; (B) after cleaning; and (C) after sanitization, on 3 separate visits for a total of 135 samples per plant. Salmonella-positive isolates were recovered from samples using the United States Department of Agriculture MLG 4.09 conventional method. Presumptive Salmonella colonies were subjected to biochemical tests for confirmation. Salmonella isolates recovered after sanitization were serotyped and tested for the presence of specific virulence genes. A completely randomized design with a 6 × 3 × 15 factorial arrangement was utilized to analyze the results for Salmonella prevalence between processing plants. Means were separated using Fishers protected least significant difference when P ≤ 0.05. For Salmonella prevalence between processing plants, differences (P < 0.0001) were observed in the 6 plants tested where the maximum and minimum prevalence was 29.6 and 7.4%, respectively. As expected, there was a difference (P < 0.0001) in the recovery of Salmonella because of sampling time. Salmonella prevalence at time A (36%) was significantly higher, whereas there was no difference between time B (12%) and C (9%). There was a location effect (P < 0.0001) for the prevalence of Salmonella with the head puller, picker, cropper, and scalder having a significantly higher prevalence when compared with several other locations. At sampling time C, a trend toward a difference (P = 0.0899) was observed for Salmonella prevalence between the 6 plants, whereas significant differences were observed because of location (P = 0.0031). Five prominent Salmonella enterica serovars were identified, including Kentucky, Schwarzengrund, Enteritidis, Liverpool, and Typhimurium with S. Kentucky being the most prevalent. PCR analysis of 8 Salmonella virulence genes showed that the invA, sipB, spiA, sseC, and fimA were detected in all isolates, whereas genes carried on plasmids and/or fimbriae varied remarkably among all isolates. This study established Salmonella prevalence and persistence in poultry processing facilities after antimicrobial application through sanitization procedures which could result in contamination of poultry carcasses and food safety risks because of poultry meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Obe
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Rama Nannapaneni
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Wes Schilling
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Chris McDaniel
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Aaron Kiess
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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25
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Wu X, Angkititrakul S, L. Richards A, Pulsrikarn C, Khaengair S, Keosengthong A, Siriwong S, Suksawat F. Risk of Antimicrobial Resistant Non-Typhoidal Salmonella during Asymptomatic Infection Passage between Pet Dogs and Their Human Caregivers in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080477. [PMID: 32759641 PMCID: PMC7460017 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the risk of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) non-typhoidal Salmonella during asymptomatic infection passage between pet dogs and human caregivers in Khon Kaen, Thailand, one hundred forty paired fecal samples (n = 280) were obtained from companion dogs and their human caregivers, interviewed from 140 households during 2019-2020. The purified Salmonella isolates were serotype-identified and tested for antimicrobial resistance against ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and tetracycline. The homologous Salmonella isolate pairs (suggesting Salmonella infections may have been due to passage between each one of the pair, or derived from the same source) were subsequently characterized by serotype screening, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and Synchrotron Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (SR-FTIR). The Salmonella prevalence observed in dogs, 12.86% (18/140), was not significantly different from that observed in humans, 17.86% (25/140) using McNemar's test. The AMR patterns (the patterns among the isolates of pet dogs and caregivers) and the serotypes (thirteen serotypes with 18 isolates from pet dogs plus thirteen serotypes with 25 isolates from humans) between pet dogs and humans were not significantly different using Pearson's chi-squared test. The homologous Salmonella isolates from the Salmonella-present households was 5.13% (2/39). This study demonstrated that the hypothesis that there is a high risk of Salmonella infection passage between dogs and humans with close contact in Khon Kaen is doubtful. Only 5.13% of homologous Salmonella isolates from Salmonella-present households were found in Khon Kaen, Thailand, although the prevalence of Salmonella-positive samples, serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance patterns were quite similar among the two populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Ecotoxicology, Natural Resources and Environment Project, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (X.W.); (S.A.); (S.K.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Sunpetch Angkititrakul
- Ecotoxicology, Natural Resources and Environment Project, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (X.W.); (S.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Allen L. Richards
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Chaiwat Pulsrikarn
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand;
| | - Seri Khaengair
- Ecotoxicology, Natural Resources and Environment Project, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (X.W.); (S.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Amphone Keosengthong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos, Vientiane 7322, Lao People’s Democratic Republic;
| | - Supatcharee Siriwong
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Fanan Suksawat
- Ecotoxicology, Natural Resources and Environment Project, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (X.W.); (S.A.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-62-915-9366
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26
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Jin L, Li T, Wu B, Yang T, Zou D, Liang X, Hu L, Huang G, Zhang J. Rapid detection of Salmonella in milk by nuclear magnetic resonance based on membrane filtration superparamagnetic nanobiosensor. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.107011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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27
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Duc VM, Shin J, Nagamatsu Y, Fuhiwara A, Toyofuku H, Obi T, Chuma T. Increased Salmonella Schwarzengrund prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella enterica isolated from broiler chickens in Kagoshima Prefecture in Japan between 2013 and 2016. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:585-589. [PMID: 32213751 PMCID: PMC7273603 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the Salmonella serovars, measure the minimum inhibitory concentration of antimicrobials, and examine the antimicrobial resistance genes of
Salmonella isolated from 192 broiler flocks in Kagoshima Prefecture in Japan, from 2013 to 2016. We found that all Salmonella isolates belonged to three
serovars: Salmonella Manhattan, S. Infantis, and S. Schwarzengrund. Among them, S. Schwarzengrund prevalence has recently
increased annually making the main serovar. Most recovered isolates were highly resistant to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and oxytetracycline. We saw the reduction of third-generation
cephalosporin resistance and identified the reason of increased kanamycin resistance to be the increased number of S. Schwazengrund isolates. Among the kanamycin-resistant
Salmonella isolates, aphA1 constituted the main resistance gene detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Minh Duc
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.,College of Economic and Technology, Thai Nguyen University, Group 15, Thinh Dan Ward, Thai Nguyen city, Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam
| | - Jiye Shin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yamato Nagamatsu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ayaka Fuhiwara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Hajime Toyofuku
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Takeshi Obi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takehisa Chuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Ngoc Diem Do T, Duc Lao T, Ai Huyen Le T. Establishment of PMA Real-Time PCR Method to Detect Viable Cells of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in Milk and Dairy Products. ASIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND HEALTH CARE 2020. [DOI: 10.18311/ajprhc/2021/27325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wu X, Suksawat F, Richards AL, Phommachanh S, Phongaran D, Angkititrakul S. Evaluation of the Containment of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella Species from a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) and a Non-HACCP Pig Slaughterhouses in Northeast Thailand. Pathogens 2019; 9:E20. [PMID: 31878260 PMCID: PMC7168580 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the containment of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Salmonella contaminations of a HACCP slaughterhouse (HACCP SH) and a non-HACCP slaughterhouse (non-HACCPSH), 360 paired pig rectal (representing the farm pig status) and carcass samples (representing the contamination) were collected equally from the two slaughterhouses that serviced 6 and 12 farms, respectively, in Northeast Thailand (n = 720). The purified Salmonella isolates were serotype identified, antimicrobial susceptibility tested, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) assessed. Four evaluations of two slaughterhouses were examined: (1) the means of slaughtering contamination rates (SCR) (to evaluate the contamination level by averaged farm SCRs): the HACCP SH decreased contamination (SCR: -48.89% ± 8.80%, n = 6), whereas the non-HACCP SH increased (SCR: 14.31% ± 9.35%, n = 12). (2) The serotype diversity: the HACCP SH decreased the diversity from the rectal group (110 isolates, 9 serotypes) to carcass group (23 isolates, 3 serotypes), whereas there was no decrease in the non-HACCP SH (rectal group (66 isolates, 14 serotypes) and carcass group (31 isolates, 10 serotypes)). (3) The AMR patterns: the HACCP SH decreased from rectal group (96 isolates, 7 patterns) to carcass group (22 isolates, 1 pattern), whereas there was no decrease from the non-HACCP SH rectal group (22 isolates, 7 patterns) to carcass group (48 isolates, 8 patterns). (4) The estimated indirect contamination rate (by serotype screening and PFGE confirmation): the HACCP SH was 60.87% (14/23), whereas the non-HACCP SH was 98.48% (65/66). This study indicates that both the slaughterhouses keep a high level of indirect contamination; the HACCP SH decreases Salmonella contaminations and reduces the AMR patterns, the non-HACCP SH increases contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Research Group for Animal Health Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (X.W.); (F.S.)
| | - Fanan Suksawat
- Research Group for Animal Health Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (X.W.); (F.S.)
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Allen L. Richards
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Seangphed Phommachanh
- Research Group for Animal Health Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (X.W.); (F.S.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos, Vientiane 7322, Laos
| | - Dusadee Phongaran
- Research Group for Animal Health Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (X.W.); (F.S.)
| | - Sunpetch Angkititrakul
- Research Group for Animal Health Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (X.W.); (F.S.)
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Mukherjee S, Anderson CM, Mosci RE, Newton DW, Lephart P, Salimnia H, Khalife W, Rudrik JT, Manning SD. Increasing Frequencies of Antibiotic Resistant Non-typhoidal Salmonella Infections in Michigan and Risk Factors for Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:250. [PMID: 31781566 PMCID: PMC6857118 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are important enteric pathogens causing over 1 million foodborne illnesses in the U.S. annually. The widespread emergence of antibiotic resistance in NTS isolates has limited the availability of antibiotics that can be used for therapy. Since Michigan is not part of the FoodNet surveillance system, few studies have quantified antibiotic resistance frequencies and identified risk factors for NTS infections in the state. We obtained 198 clinical NTS isolates via active surveillance at four Michigan hospitals from 2011 to 2014 for classification of serovars and susceptibility to 24 antibiotics using broth microdilution. The 198 isolates belonged to 35 different serovars with Enteritidis (36.9%) predominating followed by Typhimurium (19.5%) and Newport (9.7%), though the proportion of each varied by year, residence, and season. The number of Enteritidis and Typhimurium cases was higher in the summer, while Enteritidis cases were significantly more common among urban vs. rural residents. A total of 30 (15.2%) NTS isolates were resistant to ≥1 antibiotic and 15 (7.5%) were resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial classes; a significantly greater proportion of Typhimurium isolates were resistant compared to Enteritidis isolates and an increasing trend in the frequency of tetracycline resistance and multidrug resistance was observed over the 4-year period. Resistant infections were associated with longer hospital stays as the mean stay was 5.9 days for patients with resistant isolates relative to 4.0 days for patients infected with susceptible isolates. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that infection with serovars other than Enteritidis [Odds ratio (OR): 3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23-11.82] as well as infection during the fall (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.22-7.60) were independently associated with resistance. Together, these findings demonstrate the importance of surveillance, monitoring resistance frequencies, and identifying risk factors that can aid in the development of new prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Chase M Anderson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Rebekah E Mosci
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Duane W Newton
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Paul Lephart
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Hossein Salimnia
- Microbiology Division, Detroit Medical Center University Laboratories, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Walid Khalife
- Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Laboratories, Sparrow Hospital, Lansing, MI, United States
| | - James T Rudrik
- Bureau of Laboratories, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Shannon D Manning
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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31
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Duc VM, Nakamoto Y, Fujiwara A, Toyofuku H, Obi T, Chuma T. Prevalence of Salmonella in broiler chickens in Kagoshima, Japan in 2009 to 2012 and the relationship between serovars changing and antimicrobial resistance. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:108. [PMID: 30961581 PMCID: PMC6454760 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the prevalence, serovars, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from broiler chickens in Kagoshima, Japan. A total of 192 flocks and 3071 samples were collected from broiler chickens at local farms in Kagoshima, Japan from 2009 to 2012. RESULT Among the tested farms, 49.0% of flocks were positive for Salmonella, and 243 isolates were obtained from 3071 cecal samples (7.9%). All the Salmonella isolates were one of three serovars: S. Infantis (57.6%); (140/243), S. Manhattan (40.3%; 98/243 and S. Schwarzengrund (2.1%; 5/243). The proportion of S. Infantis isolates decreased from 66.0% in 2009 to 50.0% in 2011 but increased to 57.6% in 2012, while the proportion of S. Manhattan isolates significantly increased from 26.4 to 50% from 2009 to 2011, and decreased moderately to 40.9% in 2012. Most of the recovered Salmonella isolates were resistant to three antimicrobials, i.e., streptomycin (95.1%), sulfamethoxazole (91.0%) and oxytetracycline (91.4%). In contrast, all Salmonella strains were susceptible to chloramphenicol. Comparison of this study to previous studies of the antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates showed that: the percentage of antibiotic-resistance isolates increased dramatically for two antibiotics, ampicillin (from 22.4 to 55.1%) and cefotaxime (from 9.1 to 52.7%). In contrast, the percentage of ofloxacin-resistant isolates decreased across the three survey periods, from 20.8% in 2004-2006 to 1.6% in the present study period (2009-2012). In addition, S. Infantis exhibited a variety of resistance to antimicrobials examined from sensitive to resistance to eight antimicrobials. Multidrug resistance to more than 6 six antimicrobials was detected in 113 (46.5%) of the isolates, and most of them were S. Manhattan. CONCLUSIONS There was a marked change in the serovars and antimicrobial resistance profiles of the Salmonella isolates in this study compared to those in previous studies. The percentage of S. Manhattan isolates increased as did the percentages of ampicillin- and cefotaxime-resistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Minh Duc
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan
| | - Yuko Nakamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan
| | - Ayaka Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan
| | - Hajime Toyofuku
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515 Japan
| | - Takeshi Obi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan
| | - Takehisa Chuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan
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Draft Genome Sequences of 27 Salmonella enterica Serovar Schwarzengrund Isolates from Clinical Sources. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/12/e01687-18. [PMID: 30938709 PMCID: PMC6430326 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01687-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-seven Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund isolates from clinical sources were sequenced as part of a larger study to examine phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The majority of the sequenced strains were isolated from human stool (n = 20) followed by urine (n = 3) and blood (n = 2). Twenty-seven Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund isolates from clinical sources were sequenced as part of a larger study to examine phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The majority of the sequenced strains were isolated from human stool (n = 20) followed by urine (n = 3) and blood (n = 2). Four isolate sequences contained plasmids of known incompatibility groups.
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33
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First report of mcr-1-harboring Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund isolated from poultry meat in Brazil. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 93:376-379. [PMID: 30477952 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brazilian poultry meat samples were screened for colistin-resistant Salmonella enterica. Sixty Salmonella isolates were tested for in vitro colistin resistance and mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3 and mcr-4 genes. Two isolates harbored the mcr-1 gene and whole-genome analysis determined the serovar to be Schwarzengrund, ST96, harboring the IncX4 plasmid. This is the first report of mcr-1-harboring Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund in Brazil.
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Khan AS, Georges K, Rahaman S, Abdela W, Adesiyun AA. Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolates Recovered from Chickens Sold at Retail Outlets in Trinidad. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1880-1889. [PMID: 30347170 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the frequency of resistance of 135 isolates of Salmonella, including 15 serotypes recovered from chickens purchased from retail outlets (cottage processors and supermarkets) across Trinidad. Resistance to 16 antimicrobial agents was determined by using the disk diffusion method. Resistance among the isolates was related to the type of retail outlet, location of outlets, type of sample, and isolate serotype. Overall, all isolates exhibited resistance to one or more of the 16 antimicrobial agents tested. All isolates were sensitive to cefoxitin and norfloxacin, with the overall frequency of resistance ranging from 1.1% (sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim) to 100.0% (ceftiofur and doxycycline). The frequency of resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, and chloramphenicol was significantly ( P < 0.05) higher in isolates recovered from cottage processor outlets compared with those from supermarkets. The frequency of resistance to antimicrobial agents was significantly different only to kanamycin ( P = 0.046) and enrofloxacin ( P = 0.000) across seven counties in Trinidad). Regarding sample presentation (whole versus parts), the frequency of resistance was only significantly higher to gentamicin ( P = 0.039) for chicken part isolates from cottage processor and to only tetracycline ( P = 0.034) for isolates from whole carcasses from supermarkets. All the 135 Salmonella isolates exhibited multidrug resistance patterns. The high frequency of resistance to seven antimicrobial agents (erythromycin, streptomycin, ceftiofur, doxycycline, kanamycin, tetracycline, and ampicillin), some used in the poultry industry, coupled with the occurrence of multidrug resistance, may have potential therapeutic implications for broiler farmers in Trinidad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa S Khan
- 1 School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago (ORCID: http://orcid/org/0000-0001-9470-9421 [A.A.A.])
| | - Karla Georges
- 1 School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago (ORCID: http://orcid/org/0000-0001-9470-9421 [A.A.A.])
| | - Saed Rahaman
- 2 Veterinary Public Health Unit, Ministry of Health, Port of Spain, 16-18 Sackville Street, Trinidad and Tobago; and
| | - Woubit Abdela
- 3 Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama 36088, USA (ORCID: http://org/0000-0002-9262-5117 [W.A.])
| | - Abiodun A Adesiyun
- 1 School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago (ORCID: http://orcid/org/0000-0001-9470-9421 [A.A.A.])
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35
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Zhang P, Zhuang L, Zhang D, Xu J, Dou X, Wang C, Gong J. Serovar-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Salmonella enterica Serovar Indiana. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:776-781. [PMID: 30183348 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana (S. Indiana) is a newly emerging pathogen with high levels of drug resistance. It has become one of the most common Salmonella serovars in China with a worldwide distribution, posing significant public health concerns. Detection of S. Indiana by traditional bacteriological methods is time-consuming and laborious, which prevents timely surveillance and effective control of the pathogen. In this study, comparative genomics was used to identify an A7P63_13850 gene that is uniquely present in S. Indiana, but not in other Salmonella serovars or any non-Salmonella bacteria. Then, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting this serovar-specific gene was established for specific detection of S. Indiana. The detection limit of this method is 10 pg per reaction for bacterial genomic DNA, being equivalent to 100 colony-forming units (CFU) per reaction. The established PCR amplifies all S. Indiana strains (n = 56), but none of other Salmonella serovars (n = 146) and non-Salmonella species (n = 14). The assay established in this study was also used to detect clinical samples from poultry, showed a positivity of 14.7% (23/156) for S. Indiana, which were verified by bacteriological methods. The highly sensitive and serovar-specific PCR for S. Indiana established in this study is suitable and convenient for detection of S. Indiana which aids in surveillance and control of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingxiao Xu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinhong Dou
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Jiansen Gong
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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36
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Kudirkiene E, Andoh LA, Ahmed S, Herrero-Fresno A, Dalsgaard A, Obiri-Danso K, Olsen JE. The Use of a Combined Bioinformatics Approach to Locate Antibiotic Resistance Genes on Plasmids From Whole Genome Sequences of Salmonella enterica Serovars From Humans in Ghana. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1010. [PMID: 29867897 PMCID: PMC5966558 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we identified plasmids carrying antimicrobial resistance genes in draft whole genome sequences of 16 selected Salmonella enterica isolates representing six different serovars from humans in Ghana. The plasmids and the location of resistance genes in the genomes were predicted using a combination of PlasmidFinder, ResFinder, plasmidSPAdes and BLAST genomic analysis tools. Subsequently, S1-PFGE was employed for analysis of plasmid profiles. Whole genome sequencing confirmed the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella isolates showing multidrug resistance phenotypically. ESBL, either blaTEM52-B or blaCTX-M15 were present in two cephalosporin resistant isolates of S. Virchow and S. Poona, respectively. The systematic genome analysis revealed the presence of different plasmids in different serovars, with or without insertion of antimicrobial resistance genes. In S. Enteritidis, resistance genes were carried predominantly on plasmids of IncN type, in S. Typhimurium on plasmids of IncFII(S)/IncFIB(S)/IncQ1 type. In S. Virchow and in S. Poona, resistance genes were detected on plasmids of IncX1 and TrfA/IncHI2/IncHI2A type, respectively. The latter two plasmids were described for the first time in these serovars. The combination of genomic analytical tools allowed nearly full mapping of the resistance plasmids in all Salmonella strains analyzed. The results suggest that the improved analytical approach used in the current study may be used to identify plasmids that are specifically associated with resistance phenotypes in whole genome sequences. Such knowledge would allow the development of rapid multidrug resistance tracking tools in Salmonella populations using WGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Kudirkiene
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda A. Andoh
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Shahana Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Herrero-Fresno
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Dalsgaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kwasi Obiri-Danso
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - John E. Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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37
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Rivera D, Toledo V, Pillo FDI, Dueñas F, Tardone R, Hamilton-West C, Vongkamjan K, Wiedmann M, Switt AIM. Backyard Farms Represent a Source of Wide Host Range Salmonella Phages That Lysed the Most Common Salmonella Serovars. J Food Prot 2018; 81:272-278. [PMID: 29360401 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The genus Salmonella has more than 2,600 serovars, and this trait is important when considering interventions for Salmonella control. Bacteriophages that are used for biocontrol must have an exclusively lytic cycle and the ability to lyse several Salmonella serovars under a wide range of environmental conditions. Salmonella phages were isolated and characterized from 34 backyard production systems (BPSs) with a history of Salmonella infections. BPSs were visited once, and cloacal or fecal samples were processed for phage isolation. Four hosts, Salmonella serovars Enteritidis, Heidelberg, Infantis, and Typhimurium, were used for phage isolation. The host range of the phages was later characterized with a panel of 23 Salmonella serovars (serovar diversity set) and 31 isolates obtained from the same farms (native set). Genetic relatedness for 10 phages with a wide host range was characterized by restriction fragment length polymorphism, and phages clustered based on the host range. We purified 63 phages, and 36 phage isolates were obtained on Salmonella Enteritidis, 16 on Salmonella Heidelberg, and 11 on Salmonella Infantis. Phages were classified in three clusters: (i) phages with a wide host range (cluster I), (ii) phages that lysed the most susceptible Salmonella serovars (serogroup D) and other isolates (cluster II), and (iii) phages that lysed only isolates of serogroup D (cluster III). The most susceptible Salmonella serovars were Enteritidis, Javiana, and Dublin. Seven of 34 farms yielded phages with a wide host range, and these phages had low levels of genetic relatedness. Our study showed an adaptation of the phages in the sampled BPSs to serogroup D Salmonella isolates and indicated that isolation of Salmonella phages with wide host range differs by farm. A better understanding of the factors driving the Salmonella phage host range could be useful when designing risk-based sampling strategies to obtain phages with a wide lytic host range for biocontrol purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dácil Rivera
- 1 Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile.,2 Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Viviana Toledo
- 1 Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Francisca DI Pillo
- 3 Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Dueñas
- 1 Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Tardone
- 1 Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Christopher Hamilton-West
- 3 Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kitiya Vongkamjan
- 4 Department of Food Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- 5 Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, New York, USA
| | - Andrea I Moreno Switt
- 1 Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
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38
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Ferri M, Ranucci E, Romagnoli P, Giaccone V. Antimicrobial resistance: A global emerging threat to public health systems. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:2857-2876. [PMID: 26464037 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1077192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 548] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) became in the last two decades a global threat to public health systems in the world. Since the antibiotic era, with the discovery of the first antibiotics that provided consistent health benefits to human medicine, the misuse and abuse of antimicrobials in veterinary and human medicine have accelerated the growing worldwide phenomenon of AMR. This article presents an extensive overview of the epidemiology of AMR, with a focus on the link between food producing-animals and humans and on the legal framework and policies currently implemented at the EU level and globally. The ways of responding to the AMR challenges foresee an array of measures that include: designing more effective preventive measures at farm level to reduce the use of antimicrobials; development of novel antimicrobials; strengthening of AMR surveillance system in animal and human populations; better knowledge of the ecology of resistant bacteria and resistant genes; increased awareness of stakeholders on the prudent use of antibiotics in animal productions and clinical arena; and the public health and environmental consequences of AMR. Based on the global nature of AMR and considering that bacterial resistance does not recognize barriers and can spread to people and the environment, the article ends with specific recommendations structured around a holistic approach and targeted to different stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Valerio Giaccone
- d Department of Animal Medicine , Veterinary School, Padua University , Padua , Italy
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39
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Jensen MBF, Schjørring S, Björkman JT, Torpdahl M, Litrup E, Nielsen EM, Niskanen T. External quality assessment for molecular typing of Salmonella 2013-2015: performance of the European national public health reference laboratories. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:1923-1932. [PMID: 28573470 PMCID: PMC5602099 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of three consecutive External Quality Assessments (EQAs) for molecular subtyping of Salmonella to assess the performance of the European national public health reference laboratories (NPHRLs). The EQA included the molecular typing methods used for European enhanced surveillance of human Salmonella infections: pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), including gel analysis by the use of the software BioNumerics, and 5-locus multiple locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) for serovar Typhimurium. The participation in the PFGE laboratory part was higher (27/35) than in the gel analysis (19/35) and MLVA (15/35), suggestive of the need for capacity building in methods requiring specialized equipment (MLVA) or software (gel analysis). The majority (25/27) of the participating NPHRLs produced inter-laboratory comparable PFGE gel(s). Two laboratories continued to produce low-quality gels and should have additional technical assistance in the future. In particular, two gel quality evaluation parameters, measuring "image acquisition and running conditions" and "bands", were identified to cause gel quality problems throughout the EQAs. Despite the high number of laboratories participating in the PFGE laboratory part, the participation in gel analysis was low, although increasing. In the MLVA part, the NPHRLs correctly assigned 96% (405/420) allelic profiles according to the nomenclature. In conclusion, the EQAs identified critical parameters for unsuccessful performance and helped to offer assistance to those laboratories that needed it most. The assessments supported the development of quality in molecular typing and promoted the harmonization of subtyping methods used for EU/EEA-wide surveillance of human Salmonella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B F Jensen
- Unit of Foodborne Infections, Statens Serum Institut, 2300, Copenhagen, Artillerivej 5, Denmark
| | - S Schjørring
- Unit of Foodborne Infections, Statens Serum Institut, 2300, Copenhagen, Artillerivej 5, Denmark
- European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Granits väg 8, 171 65, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J T Björkman
- Unit of Foodborne Infections, Statens Serum Institut, 2300, Copenhagen, Artillerivej 5, Denmark
| | - M Torpdahl
- Unit of Foodborne Infections, Statens Serum Institut, 2300, Copenhagen, Artillerivej 5, Denmark
| | - E Litrup
- Unit of Foodborne Infections, Statens Serum Institut, 2300, Copenhagen, Artillerivej 5, Denmark
| | - E M Nielsen
- Unit of Foodborne Infections, Statens Serum Institut, 2300, Copenhagen, Artillerivej 5, Denmark.
| | - T Niskanen
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Granits väg 8, 171 65, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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40
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Yu S, Yan L, Wu X, Li F, Wang D, Xu H. Multiplex PCR coupled with propidium monoazide for the detection of viable Cronobacter sakazakii, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella spp. in milk and milk products. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:7874-7882. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Shah DH, Paul NC, Sischo WC, Crespo R, Guard J. Population dynamics and antimicrobial resistance of the most prevalent poultry-associated Salmonella serotypes. Poult Sci 2017; 96:687-702. [PMID: 27665007 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is the most predominant bacterial cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in humans. Due to the risk of human infection associated with poultry products and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, Salmonella also poses a significant challenge to commercial poultry production. During the last decade (2002 to 2012), the 12 most prevalent poultry-associated Salmonella serotypes (MPPSTs) were frequently and consistently isolated from poultry products in the United States. These MPPSTs and their percent prevalence in poultry products include Kentucky (4%), Enteritidis (2%) Heidelberg (2%), Typhimurium (2%), S. I 4,[5],12:i:- (0.31%), Montevideo (0.20%), Infantis (0.16%) Schwarzengrund (0.15%), Hadar (0.15%), Mbandaka (0.13%), Thompson (0.12%), and Senftenberg (0.04%). All MPPSTs except Kentucky are among the top 30 clinically significant serotypes that cause human illnesses in the United States. However with the exception of a few widely studied serotypes such as S. Enteritidis and Typhimurium, the ecology and epidemiology of the majority of MPPSTs still remain poorly investigated. Published data from the United States suggests that MPPSTs such as Heidelberg, Typhimurium, Kentucky, and Sentfenberg are more likely to be multi-drug resistant (MDR, ≥3 antimicobial classes) whereas Enteritidis, Montevideo, Schwarzengrund, Hadar, Infantis, Thompson, and Mbandaka are generally pan-susceptible or display resistance to fewer antimicobials. In contrast, the majority of MPPSTs isolated globally have been reported to display MDR phenotype. There also appears to be an international spread of a few MDR serotypes including Kentucky, Schwarzengrund, Hadar, Thomson, Sentfenberg, and Enteritidis, which may pose significant challenges to the public health. The current knowledge gaps on the ecology, epidemiology, and antimicrobial resistance of MPPSTs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Willium C Sischo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040
| | - Rocio Crespo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology
| | - Jean Guard
- Egg Quality and Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Atlanta, GA 30605, USA
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42
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Du X, Jiang X, Ye Y, Guo B, Wang W, Ding J, Xie G. Next generation sequencing for the investigation of an outbreak of Salmonella Schwarzengrund in Nanjing, China. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:393-396. [PMID: 28888545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salmonella Schwarzengrund is most frequently isolated from poultry meat and can cause human infections. S. Schwarzengrund was isolated from diarrheal patients in a food poisoning event in Nanjing, China. METHODS Three strains isolated from patients were microbiologically confirmed as S. Schwarzengrund. Salmonella strains from spiced donkey meat were also confirmed as S. Schwarzengrund. Epidemiology investigation showed evidence of a correlation between the consumption of spiced donkey meat and those cases. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis, antibiotic susceptibility test and next generation sequencing (NGS) were employed to investigate this food poisoning event. RESULTS The 3 strains isolated from patients and the strain isolated from the spiced donkey meat showed same results in PFGE, antibiotic susceptibility test and no SNPs were observed between these 4 strains in NGS analysis. DISCUSSION NGS data could be used in the confirmation of an outbreak and in the tracing of contamination. However, this standard of defining an outbreak with NGS remained a challenge in practice. And the NGS data should be used in combination with other data in epidemiological investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Du
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhua Ye
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baofu Guo
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoxiang Xie
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, China.
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Adelman MW, Johnson JH, Hohmann EL, Gandhi RT. Ovarian Endometrioma Superinfected With Salmonella: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017; 4:ofx048. [PMID: 28470024 PMCID: PMC5407207 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 28-year-old woman with Salmonella serovar Schwarzengrund gastroenteritis acquired during foreign travel. Her case was complicated by superinfection of a pre-existing ovarian endometrioma with a quinolone-resistant organism; the resultant ovarian abscess ultimately required surgical removal for resolution. We review the key features of this case and the previous literature on Salmonella ovarian abscess. This report highlights (1) the potential for metastatic spread of Salmonella to the ovary in women with pre-existing cysts or endometriomas and (2) the increasing worldwide burden of quinolone-resistant Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob H Johnson
- Department of Medicine and.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Elizabeth L Hohmann
- Department of Medicine and.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Rajesh T Gandhi
- Department of Medicine and.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
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44
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Ito K, Nishio H, Iwatani Y, Yamada R, Okawa T, Yamamoto T, Murakami M, Matsuo Y, Matsuo K, Tanaka S, Mori K, Mori N. Kidney allograft pyelonephritis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund. J Infect Chemother 2017; 23:481-484. [PMID: 28302440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) taking immunosuppressive drugs have a 20-fold greater risk of nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection than the healthy adult population. Among KTRs, the urinary tract is the most common site of infection. However, few cases of urinary tract infection caused by NTS have been documented in KTRs, and only one in Japan. Furthermore, it frequently induces acute allograft rejection with high mortality. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Schwarzengrund (S. Schwarzengrund) is now among the more common Salmonella serovars isolated in Japan and is likely to be invasive. We present a case of a 45-year old female with vesicoureteral reflux to her transplanted kidney who developed kidney allograft pyelonephritis caused by S. Schwarzengrund. She was admitted to our hospital with fever, urodynia, lower abdominal pain, gross hematuria, and cloudy urine. Urine cultures were positive for S. Schwarzengrund. Exposure to cats, especially stray cats, were identified as the most likely source. We administered antibiotics for 4 weeks (ceftriaxone then amoxicillin, each for 2 weeks) and educated her about pet safety. She experienced no recurrence of infection or clinical kidney allograft rejection for 3 months post-treatment. NTS should be considered as a possible pathogen of urinary tract infection among KTRs, especially in cases with animal exposure or structural urologic abnormalities. When the pathogen is NTS, appropriate antibiotics and treatment periods are essential for preventing recurrence and allograft rejection after the completion of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Ito
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Haruomi Nishio
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Iwatani
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Okawa
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsuo
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Matsuo
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Noriko Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
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45
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El-Tayeb MA, Ibrahim ASS, Al-Salamah AA, Almaary KS, Elbadawi YB. Prevalence, serotyping and antimicrobials resistance mechanism of Salmonella enterica isolated from clinical and environmental samples in Saudi Arabia. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 48:499-508. [PMID: 28245965 PMCID: PMC5498448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is recognized as a common foodborne pathogen, causing major health problems in Saudi Arabia. Herein, we report epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility and the genetic basis of resistance among S. enterica strains isolated in Saudi Arabia. Isolation of Salmonella spp. from clinical and environmental samples resulted in isolation of 33 strains identified as S. enterica based on their biochemical characteristics and 16S-rDNA sequences. S. enterica serovar Enteritidis showed highest prevalence (39.4%), followed by S. Paratyphi (21.2%), S. Typhimurium (15.2%), S. Typhi and S. Arizona (12.1%), respectively. Most isolates were resistant to 1st and 2nd generation cephalosporin; and aminoglycosides. Moreover, several S. enterica isolates exhibited resistance to the first-line antibiotics used for Salmonellosis treatment including ampicillin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol. In addition, the results revealed the emergence of two S. enterica isolates showing resistance to third-generation cephalosporin. Analysis of resistance determinants in S. enterica strains (n = 33) revealed that the resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline, was attributed to the presence of carb-like, dfrA1, floR, tetA gene, respectively. On the other hand, fluoroquinolone resistance was related to the presence of mutations in gyrA and parC genes. These findings improve the information about foodborne Salmonella in Saudi Arabia, alarming the emergence of multi-drug resistant S. enterica strains, and provide useful data about the resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Tayeb
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelnasser S S Ibrahim
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; National Research Center, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Division, Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ali A Al-Salamah
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Almaary
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya B Elbadawi
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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46
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Andoh LA, Ahmed S, Olsen JE, Obiri-Danso K, Newman MJ, Opintan JA, Barco L, Dalsgaard A. Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella among humans in Ghana. Trop Med Health 2017; 45:3. [PMID: 28194090 PMCID: PMC5301370 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-017-0043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a public health problem worldwide and particularly in Africa with high disease burden. This study characterized Salmonella isolates from humans in Ghana to determine serovar distribution, phage types, and antimicrobial resistance. Further, the clonal relatedness among isolates was determined. Methods One hundred and thirty-seven Salmonella isolates (111 clinical and 26 public toilet) were characterized using standard serotyping, phage typing, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. The molecular epidemiology of common serovars (Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis) was established by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results Twenty-two serovars were identified with S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and Salmonella Derby as the most dominant. One hundred and twelve isolates showed resistance to more than one antimicrobial. Fifty-eight (n = 58/112; 54.5%) strains were multi-resistant with low resistance to cephalosporins ceftazidime (8.0%), cefotaxime (4.5%), and cefoxitin (2.7%) with synergy to clavulanic acid indicating possible ESBLs. Isolates showed high resistance to trimethoprim (66.1%), tetracycline (61.6%), ampicillin (57.1%), sulfamethoxazole (46.4%), chloramphenicol (33.9%), and ciprofloxacin (25.0%). The most common resistance pattern of multi-resistant serovars was to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulphonamide, and trimethoprim. S. Enteritidis (18/43) strains reacted with typing phages but did not conform to any phage type with PT14B and PT4 as predominant definitive phage types. Six S. Typhimurium strains reacted but did not conform to any recognized phage type while seven were non-typable. The predominant definitive phage types were DT1 and DT22. PFGE patterns of human S. Enteritidis were closely related to patterns of poultry isolates obtained in a previous study in Ghana. Conclusions Cephalosporin resistance is uncommon among Salmonella from humans in Ghana. Poultry may be an important source of human salmonellosis. There is an urgent need for the implementation of routine surveillance of antimicrobial use and bacterial resistance among humans in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Aurelia Andoh
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigboejlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Shabana Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigboejlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - John Elmerdahl Olsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigboejlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kwasi Obiri-Danso
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Mercy Jemima Newman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Lisa Barco
- OIE, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro Padova, Italy
| | - Anders Dalsgaard
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigboejlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Tejada TS, Silva CSJ, Lopes NA, Silva DT, Agostinetto A, Silva EF, Menezes DB, Timm CD. DNA Profiles of Salmonella Spp. Isolated from Chicken Products and From Broiler and Human Feces. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- TS Tejada
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
| | - CSJ Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
| | - NA Lopes
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
| | - DT Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - EF Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - CD Timm
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
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48
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Development of a Real-Time Multiplex PCR Assay with Propidium Monoazide Treatment for Simultaneous Detection of Live Salmonella, and Salmonella Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Pullorum, and S. Gallinarum, in Rinse Water of Chicken Carcasses. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Moraes DMC, Duarte SC, Bastos TSA, Rezende CLG, Leandro NSM, Café MB, Stringhini JH, Andrade MA. Detection of Salmonella spp. by Conventional Bacteriology and by Quantitative Polymerase-Chain Reaction in Commercial Egg Structures. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/18069061-2015-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - MB Café
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil
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50
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Utrarachkij F, Nakajima C, Siripanichgon K, Changkaew K, Thongpanich Y, Pornraungwong S, Suthienkul O, Suzuki Y. Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis clinical isolates in Thailand. J Infect Chemother 2016; 22:209-15. [PMID: 26860961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To trace the history of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis, SE) circulating in Thailand, we characterised clinical isolates obtained during 2004-2007. METHODS Antimicrobial resistance profiles, multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) types and 3 representative virulence determinants (spvA, sodCI and sopE) were established from SE isolates (n = 192) collected from stool and blood of patients throughout Thailand during the period 2004-2007. RESULTS Resistance was found in SE against 10 out of 11 antimicrobials studied. The highest resistance ratios were observed for nalidixic acid (83.2%), ciprofloxacin (51.1%) and ampicillin (50.5%), and 25.5% were multidrug resistant. Based on five polymorphic tandem repeat loci analysis, MLVA identified 20 distinct types with three closely related predominant types. A significant increase of AMP resistance from 2004 to 2006 was strongly correlated with that of a MLVA type, 5-5-11-7-3. CONCLUSION The usage of antimicrobials in human medicine or farm settings might act as selective pressures and cause the spread of resistant strains. Hence, a strict policy on antimicrobial usage needs to be implemented to achieve the control of resistant SE in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuangfa Utrarachkij
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources Hokkaido University, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan; Hokkaido University, The Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kanokrat Siripanichgon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Changkaew
- Division of Bioresources Hokkaido University, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuwanda Thongpanich
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Srirat Pornraungwong
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources Hokkaido University, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan; Hokkaido University, The Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan.
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