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Salgado Pardo JI, González Ariza A, Navas González FJ, León Jurado JM, Díaz Ruiz E, Delgado Bermejo JV, Camacho Vallejo ME. Discriminant canonical analysis as a tool for genotype traceability testing based on turkey meat and carcass traits. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1326519. [PMID: 38425837 PMCID: PMC10902079 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1326519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to develop a statistical tool for turkey breed traceability testing based on meat and carcass quality characteristics. To this end, a comprehensive meta-analysis was performed, collecting data from a total of 75 studies approaching meat and carcass attributes of 37 turkey strains and landraces since the late 1960s. A total of 22 meat and carcass traits were considered variables, grouped in the following clusters: carcass dressing traits, muscle fiber properties, pH, colorimetry, water-capacity traits, texture-related attributes, and nutritional composition of the meat. Once the multicollinearity analysis allowed the deletion of redundant variables, cold carcass weight, slaughter weight, muscle fiber diameter, sex-female, carcass/piece weight, meat redness, ashes, pH24, meat lightness, moisture, fat, and water-holding capacity showed explanatory properties in the discriminating analysis (p < 0.05). In addition, strong positive and negative correlations were found among those variables studied. Carcass traits were positively associated, particularly slaughter weight and cold carcass weight (+0.561). Among meat physical traits, pH showed positive correlations with drip loss (+0.490) and pH24 (+0.327), and water-holding capacity was positively associated with cholesterol (+0.434) and negatively associated with collagen (-0.398). According to nutritional traits, fat and ash showed a strong correlation (+0.595), and both were negatively associated with moisture (-0.375 and -0.498, respectively). Strong negative correlations were found as well between meat protein and fat (-0.460) and between collagen and cholesterol (-0.654). Finally, the Mahalanobis distance suggested a clustering pattern based on meat and carcass characteristics that report information about interbreeding and variety proximity. This study establishes a departure point in the development of a tool for breed traceability guaranteeing aimed at enhancing distinguished, local breed-based turkey meat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio González Ariza
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Agropecuary Provincial Centre, Diputación Provincial de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | - Esther Díaz Ruiz
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - María Esperanza Camacho Vallejo
- Department of Agriculture and Ecological Husbandry, Area of Agriculture and Environment, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
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Salgado Pardo JI, Navas González FJ, González Ariza A, León Jurado JM, Galán Luque I, Delgado Bermejo JV, Camacho Vallejo ME. Study of Meat and Carcass Quality-Related Traits in Turkey Populations through Discriminant Canonical Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:3828. [PMID: 37893720 PMCID: PMC10606380 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research aimed to determine the main differences in meat and carcass quality traits among turkey genotypes worldwide and describe the clustering patterns through the use of a discriminant canonical analysis (DCA). To achieve this goal, a comprehensive meta-analysis of 75 documents discussing carcass and meat characteristics in the turkey species was performed. Meat and carcass attributes of nine different turkey populations were collected and grouped in terms of the following clusters: carcass dressing traits, muscle fiber properties, pH, color-related traits, water-retaining characteristics, texture-related traits, and meat chemical composition. The Bayesian ANOVA analysis reported that the majority of variables statistically differed (p < 0.05), and the multicollinearity analysis revealed the absence of redundancy problems among variables (VIF < 5). The DCA reported that cold carcass weight, slaughter weight, sex-male, carcass/piece weight, and the protein and fat composition of meat were the traits explaining variability among different turkey genotypes (Wilks' lambda: 0.488, 0.590, 0.905, 0.906, 0.937, and 0.944, respectively). The combination of traits in the first three dimensions explained 94.93% variability among groups. Mahalanobis distances cladogram-grouped populations following a cluster pattern and suggest its applicability as indicative of a turkey genotype's traceability.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Salgado Pardo
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (F.J.N.G.); (I.G.L.); (J.V.D.B.)
| | - Francisco Javier Navas González
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (F.J.N.G.); (I.G.L.); (J.V.D.B.)
| | - Antonio González Ariza
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (F.J.N.G.); (I.G.L.); (J.V.D.B.)
- Agropecuary Provincial Centre, Diputación Provincial de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | | | - Inés Galán Luque
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (F.J.N.G.); (I.G.L.); (J.V.D.B.)
| | - Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (F.J.N.G.); (I.G.L.); (J.V.D.B.)
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Todini L, Fantuz F. Commentary: Invited review: glucosinolates might result in low methane emissions from ruminants fed brassica forages. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1227500. [PMID: 37869499 PMCID: PMC10588172 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1227500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
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Konkol D, Jonuzi E, Popiela E, Sierżant K, Korzeniowska M, Leicht K, Gumowski M, Krasowska A, Łukaszewicz M, Korczyński M. Influence of solid state fermentation with Bacillus subtilis 67 strain on the nutritional value of rapeseed meal and its effects on performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102742. [PMID: 37209655 PMCID: PMC10208876 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the influence of solid-state fermentation on the nutritional value and enzymatic activity of rapeseed meal and its effects on the performance of broiler chickens and meat quality, including physicochemical properties (proximate analysis, pH, water holding capacity), antioxidant capabilities, dipeptide composition of the meat and sensory traits. Three dietary treatments were evaluated using broiler chickens: a control without incorporation of rapeseed meal; a second treatment with the incorporation of 3% unfermented rapeseed meal; and a third with the incorporation of 3% rapeseed meal fermented with Bacillus subtilis 67. The study showed that fermented compared to unfermented rapeseed meal was characterized by a significantly higher content of dry matter, crude ash, crude fat and metabolic energy (P < 0.05), and a significantly lower content of crude fiber and glucosinolates (P < 0.05). The B. subtilis 67 strain shows cellulolytic and xylulolytic activity. Fermented rapeseed meal has a positive effect on body weight of birds, daily gain, and European Production Efficiency Factor (P < 0.05). Both rapeseed meal treatments significantly reduced the pH of leg muscles and the water-holding capacity of breast muscles (P < 0.05). The fermented meal had a negative impact on some sensory parameters of poultry meat. There was no significant influence of fermented rapeseed meal on the composition of dipeptides in poultry meat and its antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Konkol
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Emir Jonuzi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Tetova, 1200 Tetovo, North Macedonia
| | - Ewa Popiela
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Sierżant
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Korzeniowska
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Leicht
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Gumowski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Krasowska
- Department of Biotransformation, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Łukaszewicz
- Department of Biotransformation, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Korczyński
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
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Effects of Protein Source, Whole Wheat and Butyric Acid on Live Performance, Gut Health and Amino Acid Digestibility in Broiler Chickens. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100989. [PMID: 36295891 PMCID: PMC9611649 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 896 1-day-old straight-run (Ross-308) broilers were used to investigate the interactive effects of protein source (PS), diet structure (DS) and butyric acid (BA) on live performance and carcass characteristics, gut development and its morphology and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of protein and amino acids (AA). Eight experimental diets comprising 8 replicates with 14 birds each were tested in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with complete randomized design by two levels of BA (0 and 0.1%), two forms of DS (whole vs. ground wheat) and two PS, i.e., soybean meal and canola meal (SBM vs. CM). Throughout the entire experimental period (0 to 35 d), broilers fed SBM-based diets exhibited better (p < 0.05) growth performance (feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR)), carcass parameters (p < 0.05), gut health (p < 0.05), and nutrient digestibility (p < 0.05) than CM-fed broilers. Dietary whole wheat (WW) positively affected FI (p = 0.001), BWG (p = 0.004) and FCR (p = 0.035) during the overall experimental period. Broilers fed WW had 6, 5, 8, 11 and 10% lower empty relative weights of crop, proventriculus, jejunum, ileum and colon and 25 and 15% heavier gizzard and pancreas, respectively, with longer villus height (p < 0.001), reduced crypt depth (p = 0.031) and longer villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (p < 0.001) than those fed ground-wheat-based diets. Broilers fed WW had greater (p < 0.05) AID of CP and most of the AA. Butyric acid supplementation resulted in improved (p < 0.05) growth performance and digestibility of threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, serine and aspartate. The broilers consuming SBM had 28% lower abdominal fat than those fed CM-based diets. In conclusion, harmful consequences of a less digestible PS can partially be compensated by the inclusion of WW, and supplementation of BA further reduces these detrimental effects.
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Saggin RF, Prado NVD, dos Santos MM, Balbinot-Alfaro E, da Trindade Alfaro A. Air chilling of Turkey carcasses: process efficiency and impact in the meat quality traits. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:3683-3692. [PMID: 35875225 PMCID: PMC9304514 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated the influence of two air-spray chilling systems on the water absorption, cooling time, and the impact of both on the quality traits of the turkey meat. In system A (air/water spray + air) a weight loss of 1.78% (w/w) occurred, while in system B (continuous air/water spray) turkey meat showed a weight gain of 1.82 (w/w). The cooling time in system B was significantly (P < 0.05) shorter. Water retention capacity, the color, and the sarcomere length of turkey meat are significantly influenced (P < 0.05) by the air chilling system. Turkey meat refrigerated in system B showed smaller structural changes. Air chilling with water spray in a continuous process promotes carcass weight gain and reduces processing time, in addition to less impact on the quality traits of turkey meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemar Frigotto Saggin
- Meat Technology Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, F Federal University of Technology - Paraná,, Linha Santa Bárbara, S/N – Caixa postal 135, Francisco Beltrão, PR 85601-970 Brazil
| | - Naimara Vieira do Prado
- Meat Technology Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, F Federal University of Technology - Paraná,, Linha Santa Bárbara, S/N – Caixa postal 135, Francisco Beltrão, PR 85601-970 Brazil
| | - Maycon Meier dos Santos
- Program in Aerospace and Mechanical Engineer, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO USA
| | - Evellin Balbinot-Alfaro
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900 Brazil
| | - Alexandre da Trindade Alfaro
- Meat Technology Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, F Federal University of Technology - Paraná,, Linha Santa Bárbara, S/N – Caixa postal 135, Francisco Beltrão, PR 85601-970 Brazil
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Wu Z, Chen J, Ahmed Pirzado S, Haile TH, Cai H, Liu G. The effect of fermented and raw rapeseed meal on the growth performance, immune status and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:296-307. [PMID: 34160113 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of fermented and raw rapeseed meal (FRCM and RRSM) on the growth performance, carcass traits, serum biochemical indexes, immune status and intestinal morphology of broilers. A total of 420-day-old Arbor Acre male broilers were randomly assigned to a 1 + 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with one basal diet group, two rapeseed meal (RSM) varieties (FRCM and RRSM) and three addition levels (5%, 10% and 15%) for a duration of 42 days. FRSM significantly increased the ADG and ADFI of broilers during the 22-42 days and 1-42 days (p < 0.05) growth periods compared with RRSM groups. No significant difference was observed in ADG and ADFI between broilers fed FRSM in different dietary levels and control diets (p > 0.05), but broilers fed diet with 15% RRSM showed significantly lower ADG, ADFI and spleen index (p < 0.05). Both FRSM and RRSM in different dietary levels affected the anti-oxidation function of broilers, including a significant increase in the serum contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (p < 0.05), and a significant decrease of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.05). Fermentation tends to increase the villus height of duodenum (p = 0.09), and significantly increased the villus height and V/C ratio of duodenum (p < 0.05) in birds. The duodenum villus height was the highest in the 5% FRSM group and lowest in birds of 5% RRSM group. A 10% level significantly increased the duodenal V/C ratio in both FRSM and RRSM birds. The results indicated that FRSM could be used to supplemented in broilers diet to improve the production performance and maintain good health. FRSM can be added to broilers diet at 10% without adverse effect on growth performance or immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengke Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China.,Department of Animal Nutrition, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam, Pakistan
| | - Tesfay Hagos Haile
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
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Fu Z, Su G, Yang H, Sun Q, Zhong T, Wang Z. Effects of Dietary Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Serum Parameters, and Intestinal Development of Geese. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1488. [PMID: 34063949 PMCID: PMC8224048 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of inexpensive nonconventional feed materials, such as rapeseed meal (RSM), could help alleviate the shortage of feed materials in the poultry industry. This study was to investigate the effects of dietary double-low RSM on growth performance, carcass traits, serum parameters, and intestinal development of geese. A total of 270 healthy 35-day-old male Jiangnan White geese were randomly divided into five treatments, with six replicate pens of nine geese each. The geese were fed five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, and 16% RSM replacing dietary soybean meal for 35 days. At 35, 49, and 70 d, the BW and feed intake were recorded. All Samples were collected at 70 d of age. The results showed that dietary RSM up to 16% did not affect the BW, ADFI, ADG, and feed/gain ratio (F/G) during 35 to 49 d, 49 to 70 d, and 35 to 70 d periods (p > 0.05). At 70 d, no difference was observed in carcass yield or serum biochemical parameters among groups (p > 0.05). Dietary 12% and 16% RSM significantly increased the concentration of serum GH compared with 0%, 4%, 8% groups (p < 0.01), but serum TSH, T3 and T4 were unaffected (p > 0.05). The relative weights of heart, liver, spleen, proventriculus, gizzard, and small intestine were similar among groups (p > 0.05). However, the geese fed dietary 16% RSM had greater bursa of Fabricius than geese in the 8% group (p < 0.05). Intestinal morphology was unaffected by treatments (p > 0.05). According to the findings, dietary RSM up to 16% can be used in geese diets without impact on production performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.F.); (G.S.); (Q.S.); (T.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Guoqiang Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.F.); (G.S.); (Q.S.); (T.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Haiming Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.F.); (G.S.); (Q.S.); (T.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Qingyu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.F.); (G.S.); (Q.S.); (T.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Tao Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.F.); (G.S.); (Q.S.); (T.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhiyue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.F.); (G.S.); (Q.S.); (T.Z.); (Z.W.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Wang Y, Wang H, Wang B, Zhang B, Li W. Effects of manganese and Bacillus subtilis on the reproductive performance, egg quality, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota of breeding geese during laying period. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6196-6204. [PMID: 33142537 PMCID: PMC7647850 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of manganese (Mn) and Bacillus subtilis (BS) on the production performance, egg quality, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota of breeding geese during laying period. A total of 120 forty-six-week-old breeding geese (Wulong) were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 treatment diets formulated to supply 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg Mn with 5 × 109 CFU/kg or 2.5 × 109 CFU/kg BS for a 10-wk trial. Results showed that dietary supplementation with 20 and 30 mg/kg Mn could decrease the daily feed intake (DFI) of geese. Moreover, 30 mg/kg Mn significantly increased the laying rate. Besides, although Mn addition had no obvious effect on egg quality, 5 × 109 CFU/kg BS was found to elevate the hatching egg hatching rate and eggshell thickness. For the serum hormones, 30 mg/kg Mn promoted estradiol secretion, while 5 × 109 CFU/kg BS increased the level of follicle-stimulating hormone. Furthermore, 20 and 30 mg/kg Mn and 5 × 109 CFU/kg BS significantly enhanced the total antioxidant capacity by increasing the activity of total superoxide dismutases or decreasing the content of malondialdehyde. Dietary supplementation with 5 × 109 CFU/kg BS also increased the intestinal villus height and upregulated the abundance of Fusobacteria, Fusobacteriaceae, Fusobacterium, and Faecalibacterium in cecal content. In addition, 20 and 30 mg/kg Mn elevated the levels of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroides, and Ruminococcaceae but decreased Streptococcaceae. Importantly, an interaction effect was observed between Mn and BS on the DFI, egg mass, average egg size, and the abundance of Bacteroides as well as Faecalibacterium. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of Mn and BS could improve the production performance, egg quality, antioxidant capacity, intestinal structure, as well as gut microbiota. Supplementation of 30 mg/kg Mn and 5.0 × 109 CFU/kg BS provided the optimal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Hefei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Baowei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wenli Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Sun X. Invited Review: Glucosinolates Might Result in Low Methane Emissions From Ruminants Fed Brassica Forages. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:588051. [PMID: 33195622 PMCID: PMC7581797 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.588051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane is formed from the microbial degradation of feeds in the digestive tract in ruminants. Methane emissions from ruminants not only result in a loss of feed energy but also contribute to global warming. Previous studies showed that brassica forages, such as forage rape, lead to less methane emitted per unit of dry matter intake than grass-based forages. Differences in rumen pH are proposed to partly explain these low emissions. Rumen microbial community differences are also observed, but the causes of these are unknown, although altered digesta flow has been proposed. This paper proposes a new mechanism underlying the lower methane emissions from sheep fed brassica forages. It is reported that feeding brassica forages to sheep can increase the concentration of free triiodothyronine (FT3) in serum, while the intramuscular injection of FT3 into sheep can reduce the mean retention time of digesta in the rumen. The short retention time of digesta is associated with low methane production. Glucosinolates (GSLs) are chemical components widely present in plants of the genus Brassica. After ruminants consume brassica forages, GSLs are broken down in the rumen. We hypothesize that GSLs or their breakdown products are absorbed into the blood and then may stimulate the secretion of thyroid hormone FT3 in ruminants, and the altered thyroid hormone concentration may change rumen physiology. As a consequence, the mean retention time of digesta in the rumen would be altered, resulting in a decrease in methane emissions. This hypothesis on mitigation mechanism is based on the manipulation of animal physiological parameters, which, if proven, will then support the expansion of this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhao Sun
- The Innovation Center of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
- Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Center for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
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Effects of Fermentation on Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids and Apparent Metabolizable Energy in Rapeseed Meal Fed to Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101774. [PMID: 33019513 PMCID: PMC7599665 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Rapeseed meal (RSM) is a by-product of rapeseed oil production. Owing to its lower cost and abundant sulfur-containing amino acids, RSM can be used for replacing soybean meal in broiler diets. However, its use is limited by the presence of numerous anti-nutritional factors. As an ancient technique to convert the complex substrates into simple compounds by a number of microorganisms, microbial solid-state fermentation (SSF) has been shown as an effective way to eliminate or reduce anti-nutritional factors in RSM and improve growth performance when fed to animals. This improvement is not yet clear; in particular, the understanding of the feeding nutritional value of fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) is not very well studied. Hence, the trial is conducted to investigate the effects of fermentation on standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) in RSM fed to broiler chickens. According to our findings, fermentation had a significant effect on the chemical composition of RSM. In comparison to RSM, FRSM had greater nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) values and SID of amino acids. FRSM was nutritionally superior to RSM for use in broiler diets. Abstract Rapeseed meal (RSM) is a common protein ingredient in animal diets, while the proportion of RSM in diets is limited because of its anti-nutritional factors. Fermentation based on mixed microbial strains appears to be a suitable approach to improve the nutritive value of rapeseed meal in animal feed. In this study, we evaluated the effects of fermentation on the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) values and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids in RSM fed broilers. The AME and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) values of RSM and fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) were determined by the substitution method, with RSM and FRSM proportionally replacing the energy-yielding components of the basal diet by 30%. Results show that fermentation improved AME and AMEn of RSM from 7.44 to 8.51 MJ/kg and from 7.17 to 8.26 MJ/kg, respectively. In the second experiment, two experimental diets were formulated, with RSM and FRSM being the sole sources of amino acids. A nitrogen-free diet (NFD) was also formulated to determine endogenous amino acids losses (EAAL). Feeding on FRSM resulted in higher (p < 0.05) apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and SID of alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, lysine, arginine, and phenylalanine. No significant differences between RSM and FRSM were found for AID and SID of asparagine, histidine, threonine, serine, glutamine, praline, glycine, methionine, and cystine. FRSM had greater AMEn values and SID of amino acids compared to RSM, therefore, FRSM was nutritionally superior to RSM in broiler diets.
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The Fermentation Process Improves the Nutritional Value of Rapeseed Cake for Turkeys-Effects on Performance, Gut Bacterial Population and Its Fermentative Activity. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091711. [PMID: 32971778 PMCID: PMC7552675 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Rapeseed cake (RC) could be valuable raw material in turkey diets, but its wide use is limited by the presence of anti-nutritional factors that are detrimental to gut function. The fermentation process contributes to the degradation of over 80% of carbohydrates, 30% of lignin, and 45% of total glucosinolates in RC, which are harmful to birds. Our research showed that fermentation can improve the nutritional value of RC, enabling good performance and maintainenance of a healthy gut in birds. Therefore, FRC appears to be highly promising in commercial turkey nutrition. Abstract This experiment investigated the potential inclusion of fermented rapeseed cake (FRC) in turkey diets. The turkeys received diets either not supplemented (C) or supplemented with raw rapeseed cake (RRC) or FRC at 150 g/kg diet. In comparison with RRC, turkeys receiving FRC achieved significantly higher final BW comparable with that noted in the control group. The dietary inclusion of FRC increased the concentrations of propionic and valeric acid in the cecal digesta compared with the control group, and increased the proportion of butyric acid in SCFA profile compared with RRC group. The activities of glycolytic bacterial enzymes in the cecal digesta, were lowest in turkeys fed FRC. Experimental diets did not cause a shift in the relative abundances of the main bacterial phyla or orders in the cecal digesta. FRC increased the abundance of Bacteroidaceae at the family level, but decreased the abundance of Lactobacillus at the genus level compared with birds fed RRC. In conclusion, the dietary inclusion of FRC at 150 g/kg did not compromise bird performance, did not excessively stimulate bacterial activity, and did not cause shifts in the bacterial composition in the cecum. Actually, FCR exerted several beneficial effects that contributed to maintaining gut health in turkeys, which points to its advantage over RRC.
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Zhu YW, Yang WC, Liu W, Yin XH, Luo XB, Zhang SA, Wang WC, Yang L. Effects of dietary rapeseed meal inclusion levels on growth performance, organ weight, and serum biochemical parameters in Cherry Valley ducks. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6888-6896. [PMID: 31347686 PMCID: PMC8913998 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the inclusion levels of different types of rapeseed meal (RSM) on performance, organ weight, and serum biochemical parameters in Cherry Valley ducks in the starter period and grower-finisher period. In Exp. 1, a total of 750 seven-day-old male ducklings were divided into 5 dietary treatments with 6 replicate pens of 25 birds per pen. The starter diets with the inclusion of 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20% of double-low RSM contained 0, 1.37, 2.15, 3.46, or 5.31 µmol glucosinolates (GLS)/g in the finished feed (from day 7 to 21). In Exp. 2, a total of 900 fifteen-day-old male ducklings were divided into 6 dietary treatments with 6 replicate pens of 25 birds per pen. The grower-finisher diets with the inclusion of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, or 25% of Indian RSM contained 0, 7.67, 15.34, 24.66, 31.21, or 38.44 µmol GLS/g in the finished feed (from day 15 to 42). For ducklings in the starter period (Exp. 1), body weight gain and feed intake decreased linearly as the dietary double-low RSM inclusion level increased at day 7 to 14, while growth rate was not influenced by dietary double-low RSM inclusion levels at day 15 to 21 and day 7 to 21. For ducks in the grower-finisher period (Exp. 2), growth performance decreased linearly as the dietary RSM inclusion level increased from 5 to 20%. In addition, dietary RSM inclusion levels induced liver enlargement in ducklings at day 21 (5 to 20% double-low RSM with 1.37 to 5.31 µmol/g GLS) and thyroid enlargement accompanied by increased serum AST and ALP activities in ducks at day 42 (5 to 15% Indian RSM with 7.67 to 23.66 µmol/g GLS). Therefore, our results indicated that the upper limit of using RSM sources in feed formulation should consider the anti-nutritional factor of GLS content at different stages of duck growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - W C Yang
- Aonong Biological Technology Group Co. Ltd., Xiamen 361000, China
| | - W Liu
- Wens Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd., Yunfu 527300, China
| | - X H Yin
- Animal husbandry and veterinary bureau of Liangshan, Jining 272000, China
| | - X B Luo
- Wens Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd., Yunfu 527300, China
| | - S A Zhang
- Wens Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd., Yunfu 527300, China
| | - W C Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - L Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China
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Drażbo A, Kozłowski K, Ognik K, Zaworska A, Jankowski J. The effect of raw and fermented rapeseed cake on growth performance, carcass traits, and breast meat quality in turkey. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6161-6169. [PMID: 31247641 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of including 15% of raw or fermented rapeseed cake (RRC or FRC) in turkey diets on growth performance, carcass traits, and breast meat characteristics. A total of 1,350 day-old female Hybrid Converter turkeys were allocated to 3 dietary treatments (9 replicates per treatment and 50 birds each) and fed complete isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. In the control group, soybean meal was the main source of dietary protein, whereas the experimental groups were fed diets containing 15% of RRC or FRC. The fermentation of rapeseed cake reduced the content of glucosinolates and phytate-phosphorus. In comparison with RRC, turkeys receiving FRC achieved significantly higher final BW, comparable with that noted in the control group. The experimental factor had no effect on carcass dressing percentage or carcass fat content, whereas turkeys fed diets containing rapeseed cake were characterized by lower relative weight of breast muscles and higher relative gizzard weight. The muscles of birds from groups RRC and FRC had also significantly lower cholesterol concentration. In comparison with control diet, diets RRC and FRC contributed to a significant decrease in the levels of saturated fatty acids and an increase in the share of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total fatty acid pool in breast meat. The highest concentrations of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the most desirable n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio were noted in the breast muscles of RRC group turkeys. Both RRC and FRC reduced catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, and decreased the malondialdehyde content of muscle tissue. In conclusion, the replacement of RRC with FRC in diets led to an increase in the final BW of turkeys, but it had no influence on carcass quality and the majority of meat quality traits. The inclusion of rapeseed products in turkey diets positively affected meat quality, improving the fatty acid profile and antioxidant status, but it also decreased the yield of breast muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Drażbo
- Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - K Kozłowski
- Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - K Ognik
- Faculty of Biology, Animal Science, and Bioeconomy, Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - A Zaworska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - J Jankowski
- Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Manyeula F, Mlambo V, Marume U, Sebola NA. Partial replacement of soybean products with canola meal in indigenous chicken diets: size of internal organs, carcass characteristics and breast meat quality. Poult Sci 2020; 99:256-262. [PMID: 32416809 PMCID: PMC7587654 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While the use of canola meal (CM) as an alternative to soybean meal in broiler diets is well-documented, there is no information on the utility of this valuable by-product for slow-growing indigenous chickens. This study was, therefore, conducted to evaluate the effects of partially replacing soybean products in a chicken grower diet with graded levels of CM on carcass characteristics, relative organ sizes and meat quality in Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK) cockerels. A total of 175 PK cockerels (342.6 ± 15.2 g body weight, 5 wk old) were randomly allocated to 25 pens. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic grower diets containing 0, 3.75, 6.25, 8.75, and 17.5% of CM were then randomly allocated to the pens (experimental units). After 12 wk of feeding, chickens were slaughtered to measure carcass traits, size of internal organs and meat quality traits. There were no effects of graded levels of CM on carcass weights. Wing weight increased quadratically [y = 6.27(±0.23) + 0.23 (±0.063) x-0.009 (±0.0003) x2; R2 = 0.28] in response to incremental levels of dietary CM. Drumstick, vertebrae, liver, and small intestine weights linearly increased (P < 0.05) in response to incremental levels of dietary CM. Redness (a*), initial meat pH (pHo), and shear force linearly increased (P < 0.05) but lightness (L*) and water holding capacity decreased with an increase in CM inclusion levels. However, there were no significant linear and quadratic trends for yellowness (b*), ultimate pH (pHu), drip loss, and cooking loss in response to incremental levels of CM. There were also significant quadratic trends for mineral contents of the meat with the exception of iron (Fe). It can be concluded that inclusion of CM in place of soybean products had no negative impact on carcass traits, organ size and meat quality traits of indigenous PK chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Manyeula
- Department of Animal Science, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P/Bag 0027, Sebele, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - V Mlambo
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Private Bag x11283, Mbombela 1200, South Africa
| | - U Marume
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, P /Bag x2046, Mmabatho 2735, Mafikeng, South Africa
| | - N A Sebola
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa
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Shahid MS, Wu Y, Xiao Z, Raza T, Dong X, Yuan J. Duration of the flaxseed diet promotes deposition of n-3 fatty acids in the meat and skin of Peking ducks. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:3590. [PMID: 31839790 PMCID: PMC6901031 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.3590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly n-3, have beneficial effects on human health, and for this reason foodstuffs with increased content of n-3 PUFA are now very common and widely available. DESIGN This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the duration of a flaxseed diet on Peking duck's growth performance, antioxidant status, gene expression, and fatty acid profile of the meat. A total of 792 12-day-old white Peking ducks were divided into four groups. In the control group, animals were provided with a basal diet. In the three experimental groups, animals were fed a 10% flax seed diet with vitamin E at 13, 23, and 33 days of age for 30, 20, and 10 days, respectively. RESULTS The growth performance of the ducks decreased with flaxseed diet's duration. Both body weight and body weight gain decreased linearly while Feed conversion ratios (FCR) increased in the group of ducks fed flaxseed compared to control ducks. Serum triglycerides (TG), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) linearly decreased while high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels increased by feeding flaxseed up to 30 days. The expression of lipin-1 gene (LPIN-1) and fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) linearly increased in ducks fed flaxseed for 30 days. Linolenic acid (n-3) and its long-chain metabolites like eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and total n-3 fatty acids (FA) linearly increased while the ratio of n-6 to n-3 was reduced with increased duration of flaxseed supplementation. CONCLUSION Overall, we found that increasing the duration of flaxseed diet with vitamin E for more than 10 days had a mild adverse effect on duck's growth performance but enrichedits meat with long-chain PUFA and decreased the n-6 to n-3 ratio, providing quality meat for health-conscious consumers. A period of 20 days is good for producing n-3 enriched Peking duck meat and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suhaib Shahid
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tausif Raza
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Semwogerere F, Neethling J, Muchenje V, Hoffman LC. Meat quality, fatty acid profile, and sensory attributes of spent laying hens fed expeller press canola meal or a conventional diet. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3557-3570. [PMID: 30839084 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of feeding an expeller press canola meal (EPCM) supplement (20%) on the carcass, meat, and sensory quality characteristics of spent laying hens. Thirty EPCM-based and thirty conventionally (soybean based) fed Lohmann Brown-Elite spent laying hens were obtained from a commercial egg farm. Carcass, portions, physical quality, proximate composition, fatty acids, and sensory quality were determined. EPCM-fed hens had higher (P ≤ 0.05) drum yield, breast bone weights and percentages, but lower (P ≤ 0.05) thigh and breast meat yields. Conventionally fed hens had higher (P ≤ 0.05) thaw losses, skin yellowness (b*), Chroma values and breast fat content with lower (P ≤ 0.05) cooking losses, skin redness (a*) and hue angle values, as well as breast Warner-Bratzler shear force values (N) (15.43 ± 0.600 vs. 12.37 ± 0.411). Palmitic acid, stearic acid, heneicosanoic acid, palmitoleic acid, saturated fatty acids (SFA) (34.0 ± 0.56 vs. 38.7 ± 0.71), n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio (5.5 ± 0.13 vs. 7.2 ± 0.28), atherogenic index, thrombogenic index, delta-5 desaturase, elongase index, and thiosterase index were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for EPCM-fed hen breast meat. Myristic acid, lignoceric acid, nervonic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), PUFA:SFA ratio (0.7 ± 0.05 vs. 0.9 ± 0.02), n-3 PUFA (3.4 ± 0.31 vs. 5.1 ± 0.17), hypocholesterolemic:Hypercholesterolaemic, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 16, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 18 were higher (P ≤ 0.05) for EPCM-fed hen breast meat. Metallic flavor was decreased (P ≤ 0.05) for EPCM-fed hen breast meat. Generally, effects of EPCM supplementation were observed to have an effect on the carcass, physical quality, proximate composition, fatty acids, and health indices. The sensory profiles did not differ between EPCM and conventionally fed spent laying hen breast meat (except for metallic flavor). The EPCM improved the nutritional profile of spent laying hen meat with low intramuscular fat, low n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio, and favorable lipid health indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farouk Semwogerere
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Jeannine Neethling
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Voster Muchenje
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Louwrens C Hoffman
- Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains 4108, Australia
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Manyeula F, Mlambo V, Marume U, Sebola NA. Nutrient digestibility, haemo-biochemical parameters and growth performance of an indigenous chicken strain fed canola meal-containing diets. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:2343-2350. [PMID: 31172450 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Canola meal (CM) is a potential alternative dietary protein source for indigenous chickens but its utility may be limited by anti-nutrients such as fibre and phytochemical compounds. This study, therefore, explores the effects of replacing soy-based feedstuffs (SB) with graded levels of CM on apparent nutrient digestibility, growth performance and haemo-biochemical parameters in Potchefstroom koekoek (PK) cockerels. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated by replacing 0 (CM), 3.75 (CM1), 6.25 (CM2), 8.75 (CM3) and 17.5% (CM4) of SB with CM. One hundred and seventy-five cockerels (342.6 ± 15.2 g live weight, 5 weeks old) were evenly distributed into 25 replicate pens to which experimental diets were randomly allocated. Feed intake, apparent nutrient digestibility, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were determined. Blood was collected for serum and haematological analysis at 16 weeks of age. There was a significant quadratic trend [y = 2.56 (± 0.067) + 0.04 (± 0.019)x - 0.002 (± 0.0010)x2] for average weight gain from which an optimum canola inclusion level was calculated to be 7.8%. Neutrophils linearly increased (P < 0.05) with CM levels, but there were no significant linear and quadratic trends for serum biochemical components with the exception of total calcium and triglycerides, which decreased linearly in response to incremental levels of CM. However, feed intake, feed utilisation efficiency, growth performance and serum biochemistry parameters were not affected by experimental diets. Based on weight gain response, it was concluded that replacing soy-based dietary ingredients with CM in poultry diets up to 7.8% does not result in adverse effects on diet utilisation, growth performance and health status of PK cockerels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Manyeula
- Department of Animal Science, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P/Bag 0027, Sebele, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Victor Mlambo
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Private Bag x11283, Mbombela, 1200, South Africa
| | - Upenyu Marume
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag x2046, Mahikeng, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Nthabiseng A Sebola
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag x2046, Mahikeng, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
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Wei J, Guo W, Yang X, Chen F, Fan Q, Wang H, Zhang N, Diao Q. Effects of dietary ramie level on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, and meat quality of Boer goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1935-1941. [PMID: 31134555 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the use of ramie as forage on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, and meat quality of Boer goats. For this, 60 Boer lambs were divided into four groups fed the TMR with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 40% (control, and groups I, II, III, respectively) ramie. The experiment lasted for 90 days with a pretest for 15 days. Venous blood and longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle samples were collected after 24 h fasted at the end of the experiment. The results showed that ramie seems no significant changes in average daily gain (ADG) and other parameters for growth performance, only 40% ramie in TMR significantly reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P < 0.05). Compared to the control, group II (20%) showed significant increases in total protein (TP) and globulin (GLB) levels, and decreases in albumin/globulin level (P < 0.05) in serum. Meanwhile, serum total cholesterol (TC) (P < 0.05) and free thyroxine (FT4) level were significantly reduced with up to 20% or more ramie in TMR. Moreover, the total amino acid and flavor amino acid levels in LD muscle were not affected by ramie. However, significant increases (P < 0.05) were observed in linoleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid levels in group II. Overall, these results indicated that up to 20% ramie in TMR have no impairment in growth performance, health and meat quality, whereas high level ramie might have a negative effect on feed intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Wanzheng Guo
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Xuehai Yang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Qiwen Fan
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Xianning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Naifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Zhang Q, Ma G, Chen H, Han L, Yu Q, Ma J, Zhang W. Optimization of binding process for premade yak steaks using transglutaminase, sodium caseinate, and carrageenan. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringGansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Guoyuan Ma
- College of Food Science and EngineeringGansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Food Science and EngineeringGansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Ling Han
- College of Food Science and EngineeringGansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Qunli Yu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringGansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Junyi Ma
- Qinghai Pate Investment and Development Co., LtdChengdong District Xining City Qinghai Province China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Ningxia Xiahua Halal Meat Food Co., Ltd Zhongwei City Ningxia Prefecture China
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Zampiga M, Tavaniello S, Soglia F, Petracci M, Mazzoni M, Maiorano G, Meluzzi A, Clavenzani P, Sirri F. Comparison of 2 commercial turkey hybrids: productivity, occurrence of breast myopathies, and meat quality properties. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2305-2315. [PMID: 30726951 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to compare productive performance, occurrence of breast myopathies, chemical composition, and technological properties of the meat in 2 dominant commercial turkey hybrids. A total of 972 1-day-old male turkey poults (equally divided in hybrid A and B) were randomly distributed in 18 floor pens. Overall, productive performance resulted similar between the genotypes, although they showed different growth profile (turkeys from group B grew up faster up to 84 d). Regarding the occurrence of myopathies, the percentage of breasts affected by white striping was markedly higher in both genotypes (46 vs. 60% of severe lesions, respectively for A and B; P < 0.05), while the occurrence of spaghetti meat-like condition was negligible. The histological features of the different categories of meat abnormalities resulted similar to those previously described for chicken hybrids. The technological traits such as ultimate pH, lightness, redness, marinade uptake, cooking losses, and shear force were not significantly affected by the genotype. However, turkeys from group B exhibited lower yellowness (b*, 0.50 vs. 1.04; P < 0.05) and higher drip losses (1.34 vs. 1.26%; P < 0.05). The shelf-life test on thigh meat showed no significant changes in meat color over the storage time in both hybrids, whereas thigh meat from group A showed absolute lower values of lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) (P < 0.05). Lipid oxidation of thigh meat significantly increased during storage, although no significant difference was found between the hybrids. Proximate composition and intramuscular collagen properties resulted similar between genetic lines with the exception of total fat content (1.55 vs. 1.21%, respectively for A and B; P < 0.05). The genotype had a moderate effect on fatty acid families of breast meat as only monounsaturated fatty acid content was significantly affected (31.7 vs. 29.8%, respectively for A and B). In conclusion, the overall productive traits of commercial turkeys, including the occurrence of muscle myopathies, as well as quality attributes of fresh and refrigerated meat were only slightly affected by the genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zampiga
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - S Tavaniello
- Department of Agricultural, Environment and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - F Soglia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - M Petracci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - M Mazzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - G Maiorano
- Department of Agricultural, Environment and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - A Meluzzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - P Clavenzani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - F Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
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Chen F, Wei JT, Yang XH, Zhao N, Zhang W, Huang SW, Yan ND, Guo WZ. Effect of pelleted total mixed rations with different levels of intact rapeseed on performance, carcass traits, serum biochemical indices and meat quality of Boer goats. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of intact rapeseed (IR) supplementation in goat total mixed ration (TMR) pellets on performance, carcass traits, serum biochemical indices and meat quality. Forty-eight healthy Boer goats with similar initial bodyweight (12.52 ± 1.48 kg) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, dietary containing 0%, 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% IR, respectively. The results showed that IR had no significant effect on weight gain and average daily feed intake, but 7.5% IR significantly decreased F/G (P<0.05). There were no significant difference among all groups in carcass weight, dressing percentage, visceral fat, liver, kidney and rumen weight, but IR significantly increased the rumen index (P<0.05). IR supplementation significantly increased serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and triglyceride level (P<0.05), but had no effect on serum free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase level. In meat quality, IR had no significant influence on meat colour value, pH, water loss rate, cooked meat rate, crude protein, crude ash, total cholesterol content and amino acid composition, but could increase the meat fat content and the relative content of linolenic acid (C18:3, cis-9, 12, 15), eicosenoic acid (C20:1, cis-11) and decrease the relative content of palmitic acid (C16:0), margaric acid (C17:0) and heptadecenoic acid (C17:1, cis-10) (P<0.05). In conclusion, when adding amount in TMR pellets reached 7.5%, IR had almost no adverse effects on growth performance, carcass traits, liver and thyroid function of Boer goats. Conversely, it could reduce F/G and improve ruminal development and the meat quality to some extent.
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Chartrin P, Bordeau T, Godet E, Méteau K, Gicquel JC, Drosnet E, Brière S, Bourin M, Baéza E. Is Meat of Breeder Turkeys so Different from That of Standard Turkeys? Foods 2018; 8:foods8010008. [PMID: 30586883 PMCID: PMC6352155 DOI: 10.3390/foods8010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The technological, nutritional, and sensorial quality of breasts and thighs with drumsticks of turkey male and female breeders was characterized by comparison with breasts and thighs with drumsticks of growing male and female turkeys from the Grademaker line (hybrid turkeys, n = 20 birds per sex and per physiological stage). The breeder turkeys were slaughtered at 397 and 410 days of age and 10.42 and 32.67 kg of body weight for the females and males, respectively. The standard turkeys were slaughtered at 75 and 103 days of age and 5.89 and 13.48 kg of body weight for the females and males, respectively. The differences observed between males and females on one hand and between standard and breeder turkeys on the other hand were mainly induced by differences in slaughter ages and sexual dimorphism on body weight. The meat of female breeders had characteristics close to those of female and male standard turkeys, whereas the meat of male breeders was clearly distinguishable, particularly by displaying lower tenderness and water holding capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Chartrin
- Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Thierry Bordeau
- Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Estelle Godet
- Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Karine Méteau
- Elevage, Alimentation et Santé des Monogastriques (EASM), INRA, Le Magneraud, Saint-Pierre d'Amilly, BP 52, 17700 Surgères, France.
| | - Jean-Christian Gicquel
- Société de Transformation des Volailles de l'Ouest (STVO), ZI les Riantières, BP 22, 44540 Saint-Mars la Jaille, France.
| | - Estelle Drosnet
- Société de Transformation des Volailles de l'Ouest (STVO), ZI les Riantières, BP 22, 44540 Saint-Mars la Jaille, France.
| | - Sylvain Brière
- Hendrix Genetics Turkeys France, La Bohardière, BP 1, St Laurent de la Plaine, 49290 Mauges Sur Loire, France.
| | - Marie Bourin
- Institut Technique de l'Aviculture (ITAVI), BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Elisabeth Baéza
- Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
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Drazbo A, Ognik K, Zaworska A, Ferenc K, Jankowski J. The effect of raw and fermented rapeseed cake on the metabolic parameters, immune status, and intestinal morphology of turkeys. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3910-3920. [PMID: 29917099 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of including 15% of raw or fermented rapeseed cake (RRC and FRC, respectively) in turkey diets on the growth performance, antioxidant and immune status, and intestinal morphology of birds. Rapeseed cake was fermented using the commercial 6-phytase enzyme preparation, and dried. A total of 1,350 day-old female Hybrid Converter turkeys were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments with 9 replicates per treatment and 50 birds per replicate. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric, and contained various protein sources. In the control group (C), soybean meal was the main source of dietary protein, and the remaining groups were fed diets containing 15% of RRC or FRC. Fermentation considerably reduced the concentrations of phytate-phosphorus and glucosinolates in rapeseed cake. In comparison with RRC, turkeys receiving FRC achieved higher average final body weight (BW), comparable with that noted in the control group. Both RRC and FRC stimulated the antioxidant system of turkeys, which was reflected in a decrease in the concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and an increase in the total antioxidant potential (FRAP) and the concentration of total glutathione (GSH + GSSG) in blood plasma, compared with the control group. Turkeys fed diets with RRC were characterized by the highest blood vitamin C concentrations, the highest activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and lower catalase (CAT) activity. The dietary inclusion of rapeseed cake contributed to an increase in villus height and mucosal thickness in the duodenum, and a more beneficial influence was exerted by RRC. It can be concluded that the fermentation of rapeseed cake considerably reduces the concentrations of glucosinolates and phytate-phosphorus, and increases the final BW of turkeys. Diets containing 15% of RRC and FRC do not compromise metabolic parameters or immune function, and exert positive effects on antioxidant status and intestinal histomorphology in turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Drazbo
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Warminsko-Mazurskie, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Live Science, 20-950, Lublin, Lubelskie, Poland
| | - Anita Zaworska
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu, 60-637, Poznan, Wielkopolskie, Poland
| | - Karolina Ferenc
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Mazowieckie, Poland
| | - Jan Jankowski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Warminsko-Mazurskie, Poland
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Effect of Soybean or Linseed Oil With RRR-D-α-Tocopherol or Dl-α-Tocopherol Acetate on Quality Characteristics and Fatty Acid Profile of Turkey Meat. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2018-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, the effect of the halved dosage of RRR-d-α-tocopherol (with respect to dl-α-to-copherol acetate) in diets containing oil rich in linoleic or α-linolenic acid (soybean or linseed oil, respectively) on the quality characteristics and fatty acid (FA) profile of turkey meat was studied. The experiment was conducted using 480 one-week-old turkey hens Big 6 line reared until the 16th week of life. The hens in Groups I and II received soybean oil added to their feed mixture, in Groups III and IV linseed oil was the source of supplementary fat. Turkeys in Groups I and III received dl-α-tocopherol acetate, whereas those in Groups II and IV RRR-d-α-tocopherol. No influence of dietary manipulation was observed on the chemical composition of turkey meat. The combined effect of the type of dietary fat and vitamin E source added to the feed was assessed using the color parameters. The addition of natural vitamin E to the feed mixture with linseed oil significantly increased the proportion of PUFA in breast muscle lipids compared with the group receiving soybean oil with this form of vitamin E. The inclusion of linseed oil increased the content of α-linolenic acid and total n-3 FA concentration in both muscles, compared with the diet that contained soybean oil. This modification of FA composition led to lower n-6/n-3 ratio in both the breast and thigh muscles regardless of the dietary vitamin E source. The use of natural form of tocopherol in diets containing linseed oil may help to improve the nutritional quality of turkey meat, especially by enhancing n-3 PUFA levels with no detrimental effect of lipid addition on the chemical composition and quality of meat.
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Zhu L, Wang J, Ding X, Bai S, Zeng Q, Su Z, Xuan Y, Zhang K. Effects of dietary rapeseed meal on laying performance, egg quality, apparent metabolic energy, and nutrient digestibility in laying hens. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abd El-Wahab A, Visscher C, Kamphues J. Impact of different dietary protein sources on performance,
litter quality and foot pad dermatitis in broilers. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/90696/2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Kozlowski K, Mikulski D, Rogiewicz A, Zdunczyk Z, Rad-Spice M, Jeroch H, Jankowski J, Slominski B. Yellow-seeded B. napus and B. juncea canola. Part 2. Nutritive value of the meal for turkeys. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fathi M, Al-Homidan I, Al-Dokhail A, Ebeid T, Abou-Emera O, Alsagan A. Effects of dietary probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) supplementation on productive performance, immune response and egg quality characteristics in laying hens under high ambient temperature. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1425104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moataz Fathi
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Al-Homidan
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelaziz Al-Dokhail
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Ebeid
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Osama Abou-Emera
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Alsagan
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Moraes P, Novelini L, Krabbe E, Kawski V, Nunes J, Corcini C, Varella A, Xavier E. Growth performance, morphometric analysis of the intestinal mucosa and thyroid of broiler fed canola meal. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing soybean meal with canola meal in broiler diets on performance, liver histopathology, morphometry of the intestinal mucosa and thyroid. One-day-old Cobb chicks (n=300) were distributed in a completely randomized design, with increasing levels of replacement of soybean meal with canola meal (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) and 6 repetitions of 10 birds each. Weight gain decreased linearly (P< 0.05) with increasing levels of inclusion of canola meal, in all stages. Villus height in the duodenum and jejunum linearly decreased (P< 0.05). Follicle diameter and thyroid follicular epithelium height increased linearly with increasing levels of canola meal (P< 0.05). Similarly, there was an increase in relative weight of liver and heart, and liver steatosis in the highest levels of replacement. In conclusion, the replacement of soybean meal with canola meal can reduce performance, adversely affecting the thyroid, liver and the morphometric characteristics in the duodenum and jejunum.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.O. Moraes
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - E.L. Krabbe
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Brazil
| | - V.L. Kawski
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Brazil
| | - J.K. Nunes
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia, Brazil
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Veldkamp T, Hocking PM, Vinco LJ. Effect of crude protein concentration and dietary electrolyte balance on litter quality, foot pad dermatitis, growth performance and processing yields in two medium heavy turkey hybrids. Br Poult Sci 2017; 58:557-568. [PMID: 28675310 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2017.1349296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
1. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of crude protein (CP) concentration and dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) on growth performance, processing yields, litter quality and foot pad dermatitis (FPD) in male turkeys from two commercial hybrids. Soya bean meal was replaced by vegetable protein sources selected for lower K concentrations to lower DEB in order to improve litter quality and subsequent quality of foot pads. 2. Effects of CP on litter friability and wetness were not consistent during the production period. FPD in turkeys fed on diets with low CP was significantly lower than FPD in turkeys fed on diets with high CP until 84 d. Growth performance was adversely affected at low CP. Processing yields were not affected by CP. 3. Litter was significantly dryer in pens of turkeys fed on diets with low DEB than in pens of turkeys fed on diets with high DEB. FPD in turkeys fed on diets with low DEB was significantly lower than in turkeys fed on diets with high DEB. Growth performance and processing yields were adversely affected at low DEB. 4. FPD in turkey hybrid A was higher than in turkey hybrid B at 28 d of age. Thereafter, no differences in FPD between turkey hybrids were observed. Growth performance and processing yields were not affected by turkey hybrid. 5. Overall, a significant interaction effect of CP × DEB was observed for FCR: in turkeys fed on the high DEB treatment, FCR of turkeys fed on the high CP diets was lower than FCR of turkeys fed on the low CP (LCP) diets whereas on the low DEB treatment, FCR was not affected by CP treatment. 6. It was concluded that litter quality can be improved and FPD may be decreased in turkeys fed on diets containing lower CP and DEB levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Veldkamp
- a Wageningen Livestock Research , Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - P M Hocking
- b The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies , University of Edinburgh , Midlothian , UK
| | - L J Vinco
- c National Reference Centre for Animal Welfare , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna , Brescia , Italy
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Abbood AA, Kassim AB, Jawad HSA, Manap YA, Sazili AQ. Effects of feeding the herb Borreria latifolia on the meat quality of village chickens in Malaysia. Poult Sci 2017; 96:1767-1782. [PMID: 28204764 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was carried out to estimate the meat quality characteristics of village chickens (Gallus gallus) fed diets supplemented with dry leaves of Borreria latifolia (BL) used as a potential antioxidant source in chicken feed. In this study, 252 sexed 9-week-old village chickens with mean live body weight of 1,525.4 g for males and 1,254.1 g for females were divided into 7 groups (each group 18 birds) for each sex represented in 2 experiments. The first experiment was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of BL and the effect on meat quality through a comparison with Rosmarinus officinalis (RO); hence, 3 groups were conducted and included: T1 (control), basal diet without supplementation; T2, basal diet with 1% of BL; T3, basal diet with 1% of RO. T2 and T3 significantly affect pH value, lipid oxidation, cooking loss, and overall acceptability compared to T1, while no significant difference was observed between the dietary groups in respect of drip loss, color, tenderness, fatty acid profile, and meat composition. Furthermore, a significant effect of sex on lipid oxidation, pH, yellowness, and fatty acid profile was observed. There was no significant effect of sex on WHC, tenderness, lightness, redness, and sensory evaluation. A significant influence of postmortem aging period was detected on lipid oxidation, pH, tenderness, cooking loss, and redness. The obtained result in this study revealed a significance in the interaction of herb by sex in pH parameter and between herb and sex, herb by aging period, sex by aging period, and the herb by sex by aging period interactions with regard to lipid oxidation test. The second experiment was to estimate the effect of 3 different levels of BL on meat quality. Four groups were provided and involved: T1 (control), basal diet without supplementation; T2, basal diet with 1.5% of BL; T3, basal diet with 2% of BL; and T4, basal diet with 2.5% of BL. The result of this study showed a significant effect (P < 0.05) of the dietary groups on redness value, sensory evaluation, and lipid oxidation. A significant effect of sex on fatty acid profile and lipid oxidation was detected in addition a significant effect of postmortem aging period on redness, pH, tenderness, cooking loss, and lipid oxidation was noticed. There was no significance in the interaction between herb and sex through pH test while a significance in the interaction between herb and sex, herb × aging period, sex × aging period, and herb × sex × aging period interactions with regard to lipid oxidation was found. It can be concluded that dietary supplementation of BL improved oxidative stability and enhanced meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Abbood
- Dept. of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia
| | - Azhar Bin Kassim
- Dept. of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia
| | - Hasan S A Jawad
- Dept. of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia.,Dept. of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yazid Abdul Manap
- Halal Products Research Institute, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Dept. of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Dept. of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia.,Halal Products Research Institute, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Tropical Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Qin S, Tian G, Zhang K, Ding X, Bai S, Wang J, Jia G, Zeng Q. Influence of dietary rapeseed meal levels on growth performance, organ health and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in meat ducks from 15 to 35 days of age. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 101:1297-1306. [PMID: 28133825 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary rapeseed meal (RSM) inclusion levels on growth performance, organ health and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) in meat ducks from 15 to 35 days of age. Six hundred and eighty 15-days-old ducks were randomly allotted to five treatments based on body weight. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated on a digestible amino acid basis by replacing 0% (the control), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (based on fresh) of protein from soya bean meal (SBM) with protein from RSM. The corresponding levels of RSM in experimental diets were 0%, 6.66%, 13.32%, 19.98% and 26.64% respectively. With increasing dietary RSM levels, body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) linearly decreased (p < 0.001), whereas feed-to-gain ratio (F: G) linearly increased (p = 0.0078). Ducks fed the diets with 13.32% or more RSM had significantly lower (p < 0.05) BW, ADG and ADFI, or higher F: G than ducks fed the control diet. The maximum limit of dietary RSM supplementation was estimated to range from 4.27% to maximize ADG for 15 to 35 days to 11.69% to maintain feed intake for 15 to 35 days on the basis of a broken-line model. At day35, the 4th primary wing feather length and SIAAD (except for Met, Thr and Val) linearly decreased (p < 0.001), and the thyroid glands weight (% of BW) linearly increased (p < 0.05) with increasing dietary RSM levels. Ducks fed the RSM inclusion diets had significantly lower (p < 0.0001) serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities than ducks fed the control diet. These results suggested that the maximum limit of dietary RSM containing 7.57 μmol/g glucosinolates was estimated to be 4.27% to avoid growth reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Qin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G Tian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - K Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Ding
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Q Zeng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Evaluation of Different Levels of Canola Meal on Performance, Organ Weights, Hepatic Deiodinase Gene Expression and Thyroid Morphology in Broiler Chickens. J Poult Sci 2017; 54:282-291. [PMID: 32908438 PMCID: PMC7477266 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0160147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary inclusion level of canola meal (CM) on performance, organ weights and hepatic type I deiodinase gene expression in broilers. A completely randomized design with 4 levels of CM (0, 10, 20 and 30%) as a substitute for soybean meal (SBM) was utilized with 5 replicates of 9 birds each. The results showed that body weight gain (1 to 42 d) decreased linearly (P<0.01) as the inclusion of CM increased. An increase in dietary level of CM also resulted in a linear (P<0.05) increase in feed conversion ratio (1 to 42 d). Proportion of thyroids (P<0.05) and liver (P<0.01) increased linearly with increased levels of CM. A significant linear increase in right ventricular weight: total ventricular weight ratio (P<0.01) and heart weight (P<0.05) were observed by substituting CM for SBM. The concentration of plasma triiodothyronine and triiodothyronine: tetraiodothyronine ratio decreased linearly (P<0.01) with increasing level of CM. Expression of hepatic type I deiodinase gene (D1) decreased linearly (P<0.01) as inclusion level of CM in diets increased. Moreover, increasing linear (P<0.01) and quadratic responses (P<0.05) were observed in follicles number and epithelial thickness in broilers thyroids followed by increased levels of CM. In addition, increases in dietary CM inclusion led to a linear (P<0.01) increase in thyroid follicles diameters. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that feeding increasing CM inclusions from 0 to 30% negatively affect growth performance of broiler chickens. From this study, it can also be concluded that substitution of CM for SBM adversely interferes with thyroid and liver functions and decrease D1 gene expression, likely because of higher dietary concentration of glucosinolates.
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Jiang WD, Wu P, Tang RJ, Liu Y, Kuang SY, Jiang J, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ, Feng L. Nutritive values, flavor amino acids, healthcare fatty acids and flesh quality improved by manganese referring to up-regulating the antioxidant capacity and signaling molecules TOR and Nrf2 in the muscle of fish. Food Res Int 2016; 89:670-678. [PMID: 28460965 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Flesh quality, amino acid and fatty acid composition, antioxidant status and related molecule expression in fish muscle were estimated by feeding grass carp with diets containing 3.65-27.86mg/kg diet of manganese (Mn) for 8weeks. Results demonstrated that optimal Mn increased toughness, collagen content, and pH, and decreased the cooking loss, and cathepsin B and L activities to enhance the flesh quality of fish. Meanwhile, optimal Mn increased the protein, lipid, the total essential amino acid (AA) (especially umami AA), and healthcare fatty acids, C18: 1c+t, C20: 3n-3, C20: 4 and DHA contents. These might be partially related to the decreased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, and the enhanced activities of Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) modulated by their gene expression, Nrf2 and TOR signaling. We firstly demonstrated that Mn improved flesh quality, flavor and healthcare function in fish muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ren-Jun Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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Angelovičová M, Angelovič M, Tkáč Z, Jablonický J, Angelovič M. Industrially processed oilseed rape in the production of table eggs. POTRAVINARSTVO 2016. [DOI: 10.5219/629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of feed mixtures with varying proportions of rape cakes to the weight of table eggs, its components, thickness and strength of egg shell. The eggs were from the final laying hybrid ISA Brown reared in the enriched cage system under experimental conditions. An age of laying hens was from 48 to 54 weeks. Egg weight and its components were measured on scales type KERN 440-35N, with an accuracy of 0.01 g and a maximum weight of 400 g. Egg white weight was calculated. The thickness and strength of the egg shell were measured from the dried samples at 55 °C. From each egg shell were cut 3 pcs of samples in the equatorial plane, one sample from the blunt end and one sample from the sharp end. Egg shell thickness was measured by test instrument SOME, type 60/0.01mm with a range of 0 - 10 mm. Egg shell strength was measured according to test instrument Instron with the small body, having a diameter 4.48 mm to exert pressure on the egg shell. The obtained data were assessed in the program system SAS, version 8.2. Based on the results observed in egg weight of our experiment we can conclude that in the group with share 5% of rape cakes was non-statistically significant (p >0.05) decreased egg weight compared to the control group. Egg weight was reduced in the group with share 10% of rape cakes, which confirmed a statistically significant difference compared to egg weight of control group (p Ë‚0.05). The differences among experimental groups with share 5% and 10% of rape cakes in feed mixture and as well as to control group were not statistically significant (p >0.05) in weight of egg yolk, egg white, egg shell and egg shell strength. Egg shell thickness was no statistically significant (p >0.05) increased in experimental group with share 5% of rape cakes and decreased in experimental group with share 10% of rape cakes versus control group. Increase of egg shell thickness in experimental group with share 5% of rape cakes versus decrease in experimental group with share 10% of rape cakes was statistically significant (p <0.05).
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Shahir MH, Rahimi R, Taheri HR, Heidariniya A, Baradaran N, Asadi Kermani Z. Effect of protein source and protease addition on performance, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility of turkeys fed on low-protein diets from 28 to 55 d post hatch. Br Poult Sci 2016; 57:390-6. [PMID: 27074290 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1172202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a monocomponent protease and dietary inclusion of canola meal (CM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and blood metabolites of turkeys fed on low crude protein (CP) diets from 28 to 55 d post hatch. Experimental treatments included control, maize-soybean meal diet including 258.3 g/kg CP; negative control 1 (NC1), maize-soybean meal diet with reduced CP (232.4 g/kg); NC2, control diet (CP, 258.3 g/kg) including CM (80 g/kg) and PBM (80 g/kg); NC3, maize-soybean meal diet with reduced CP (232.4 g/kg) including CM (80 g/kg) and PBM (80 g/kg). Also, the NC1 + P and NC3 + P diets were created by addition of protease enzyme (30 000 units/kg of diet) to the NC1 and NC3 diets, respectively. The NC3 group had lower body weight gain (BWG) compared to those fed on the control diet, and no improvement with enzyme addition (NC3 + P) was achieved. The protease addition to the NC1 diet (NC1 + P) improved BWG to the level of the control diet. The NC1 group had higher feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control and NC3 + P, but protease addition to the NC1 diet improved FCR. Protease addition to the low CP diets resulted in higher nitrogen (N) retention than in the control and NC2 groups. Also, the NC1 + P and NC3 + P diets increased apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of CP compared to the control group. It was concluded that addition of CM (up to 80 g/kg) and PBM (up to 80 g/kg) to turkey diets had no negative effect on growth performance from 28 to 55 d of age. The NC1 + P group achieved the BWG of the control group which was partially due to increases in N retention and AID of CP, but the NC3 + P group failed to recover the growth losses. This difference implies that the efficacy of the protease may depend upon the protein source in the ration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Shahir
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , University of Zanjan , Zanjan , Iran
| | - R Rahimi
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , University of Zanjan , Zanjan , Iran
| | - H R Taheri
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , University of Zanjan , Zanjan , Iran
| | - A Heidariniya
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , University of Zanjan , Zanjan , Iran
| | - N Baradaran
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , University of Zanjan , Zanjan , Iran
| | - Z Asadi Kermani
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , University of Zanjan , Zanjan , Iran
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Skiepko N, Chwastowska-Siwiecka I, Kondratowicz J, Mikulski D. The Effect of Lycopene Addition on the Chemical Composition, Sensory Attributes and Physicochemical Properties of Steamed and Grilled Turkey Breast. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2015-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Skiepko
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Poland
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Aljuobori A, Zulkifli I, Soleimani AF, Abdullah N, Liang JB, Mujahid A. Higher inclusion rate of canola meal under high ambient temperature for broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1326-31. [PMID: 26944983 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Aljuobori
- Laboratory of Animal Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - I Zulkifli
- Laboratory of Animal Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A F Soleimani
- Laboratory of Animal Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N Abdullah
- Laboratory of Animal Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - J B Liang
- Laboratory of Animal Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A Mujahid
- Sumitomo Chemical Enviro-Agro Asia Pacific, Malaysia
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Hünigen H, Mainzer K, Hirschberg RM, Custodis P, Gemeinhardt O, Al Masri S, Richardson KC, Hafez HM, Plendl J. Structure and age-dependent development of the turkey liver: a comparative study of a highly selected meat-type and a wild-type turkey line. Poult Sci 2016; 95:901-11. [PMID: 26908884 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the liver of a fast growing, meat-type turkey line (British United turkeys BUT Big 6, n=25) and a wild-type turkey line (Wild Canadian turkey, n=48) were compared at the age of 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 wk. Because the growth plates of long bones were still detectable in the 20-week-old wild-type turkeys, indicating immaturity, a group of 8 wild-type turkeys at the age of 24 wk was included in the original scope of the study. Over the term of the study, the body and liver weights of birds from the meat-type turkey line increased at a faster rate than those of the wild-type turkey line. However, the relative liver weight of the meat-type turkeys declined (from 2.7 to 0.9%) to a greater extent than that of the wild-type turkeys (from 2.8 to 1.9%), suggesting a mismatch in development between muscle weights and liver weights of the meat-type turkeys. Signs of high levels of fat storage in the liver were detected in both lines but were greater in the wild-type turkey line, suggesting a better feed conversion by the extreme-genotype birds i.e., meat-type birds. For the first time, this study presents morphologic data on the structure and arrangement of the lymphatic tissue within the healthy turkey liver, describing two different types of lymphatic aggregations within the liver parenchyma, i.e., aggregations with and without fibrous capsules. Despite differences during development, both adult meat-type and adult wild-type turkeys had similar numbers of lymphatic aggregations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Hünigen
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathleen Mainzer
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruth M Hirschberg
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pia Custodis
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ole Gemeinhardt
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Salah Al Masri
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kenneth C Richardson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia
| | - Hafez Mohamed Hafez
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 63, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Plendl
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Tufarelli V, Demauro R, Laudadio V. Dietary micronized-dehulled white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) in meat-type guinea fowls and its influence on growth performance, carcass traits and meat lipid profile. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2388-94. [PMID: 26240394 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary substitution of soybean meal (SBM) with micronized-dehulled white lupin (Lupinus albus L. cv. Multitalia) in guinea fowl broilers on their growth performance, carcass traits, and meat fatty acids composition. A total of 120 one-day-old guinea fowl females were randomly assigned to 2 treatments which were fed from hatch to 12 wk of age. Birds were fed 2 wheat middlings-based diets comprising of a control treatment which contained SBM (195 g/kg) and a test diet containing micronized-dehulled lupin (240 g/kg) as the main protein source. Replacing SBM with treated lupin had no adverse effect on growth traits, dressing percentage, or breast and thigh muscles relative to the weight of guinea fowls. A decrease (P < 0.05) of abdominal fat was found in guinea fowls fed lupin-diet. Breast muscle from birds fed lupin had higher lightness (L*) (P < 0.01) and redness (a*) (P < 0.05) scores and water-holding capacity (P < 0.05) than the SBM-control diet. Meat from guinea fowls fed lupin had less total lipids (P < 0.05) and cholesterol (P < 0.01), and higher concentrations of phospholipids (P < 0.01). Feeding treated lupin increased polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels in breast meat and decreased saturated fatty acid (SFA) concentrations. Our findings suggest that replacing SBM as protein source with micronized-dehulled lupin in meat-type guinea fowl diet can improve carcass qualitative characteristics, enhancing also meat lipid profile with no effect on growth traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tufarelli
- Veterinary Science and Animal Production Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - R Demauro
- Veterinary Science and Animal Production Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - V Laudadio
- Veterinary Science and Animal Production Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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Gopinger E, Xavier EG, Lemes JS, Moraes PO, Elias MC, Roll VFB. Carcass yield and meat quality in broilers fed with canola meal. Br Poult Sci 2015; 55:817-23. [PMID: 25347330 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.980394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
1. This study evaluated the effects of canola meal in broiler diets on carcass yield, carcass composition, and instrumental and sensory analyses of meat. 2. A total of 320 one-day-old Cobb broilers were used in a 35-d experiment using a completely randomised design with 5 concentrations of canola meal (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%) as a dietary substitute for soya bean meal. 3. Polynomial regression at 5% significance was used to evaluate the effects of canola meal content. The following variables were measured: carcass yield, chemical composition of meat, and instrumental and sensorial analyses. 4. The results showed that carcass yield exhibited a quadratic effect that was crescent to the level of 18% of canola meal based on the weight of the leg and a quadratic increase at concentrations up to 8.4% of canola meal based on the weight of the chest. The yield of the chest exhibited a linear behaviour. 5. The chemical composition of leg meat, instrumental analysis of breast meat and sensory characteristics of the breast meat was not significantly affected by the inclusion of canola meal. The chemical composition of the breast meat exhibited an increased linear effect in terms of dry matter and ether extract and a decreased linear behaviour in terms of the ash content. 6. In conclusion, soya bean meal can be substituted with canola meal at concentrations up to 20% of the total diet without affecting carcass yield, composition of meat or the instrumental or sensory characteristics of the meat of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gopinger
- a Graduate Program in Animal Science , Federal University of Pelotas , 96010-900 Pelotas , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
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Amerah AM, van de Belt K, van Der Klis JD. Effect of different levels of rapeseed meal and sunflower meal and enzyme combination on the performance, digesta viscosity and carcass traits of broiler chickens fed wheat-based diets. Animal 2015; 9:1131-7. [PMID: 25737094 PMCID: PMC4492219 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731115000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present experiment was to examine the effect of different levels of rapeseed meal (RSM) and sunflower meal (SFM) and enzyme combination (endoxylanase and β-glucanase) on the production performance, carcass quality, gizzard development and digesta viscosity of broiler chickens. The experimental design was a 3×2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating three diet types containing different levels of RSM and SFM (low (L), medium (M) and high (H)) and two levels of enzyme inclusion (0 or 100 g/tonne diet to provide 1220 U xylanase and 152 U β-glucanase per kg diet). Broiler starter and grower/finisher diets were formulated, based on wheat and soya bean meal and containing 50, 50 and 80 g/kg RSM and 0, 50 and 60 g/kg SFM for L, M and H treatments, respectively, during starter period and 80, 80 and 120 g/kg RSM and 0, 80 and 100 g/kg SFM for L, M and H, respectively, during grower/finisher period, and each diet was fed ad libitum to eight pens of 20 male broilers each. During the starter period (1 to 21 days), birds fed the H treatment had lower (P0.05) on feed conversion ratio (FCR). During the grower/finisher phase (22 to 42 day) and over the entire period (1 to 42 day) birds fed the H treatment had lower (P0.05) between RSM and SFM inclusion level and enzyme supplementation were observed for any of the measured parameters at any period. Diet type and enzyme supplementation had no effect (P>0.05) on carcass traits, abdominal fat pad, breast meat yield and jejunal digesta viscosity. Diet type influenced (P=0.05) relative empty gizzard weight, where the H treatment had higher relative empty gizzard weight compared with the L treatment. Enzyme supplementation tended (P=0.10) to increase relative empty gizzard weight. The present data suggest that high inclusion of SFM and RSM negatively influenced broiler performance. Enzyme supplementation improved FCR at all levels of RSM and SFM included in this study, but did not recover the reduction in weight gain caused by high inclusion of RSM and SFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Amerah
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, DuPont Industrial Bioscience, Marlborough, SN8 1XN, UK
| | - K. van de Belt
- Schothorst Feed Research B.V., P.O. Box 533, 8200 AM Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - J. D. van Der Klis
- Schothorst Feed Research B.V., P.O. Box 533, 8200 AM Lelystad, the Netherlands
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Kiezun J, Leska A, Kaminska B, Jankowski J, Dusza L. Expression of the androgen receptor in the testes and the concentrations of gonadotropins and sex steroid hormones in male turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) during growth and development. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 214:149-56. [PMID: 25072891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Androgens, including testosterone (T) and androstenedione (A4), are essential for puberty, fertility and sexual functions. The biological activity of those hormones is mediated via the androgen receptor (AR). The regulation of androgen action in birds is poorly understood. Therefore, the present study analysed mRNA and protein expression of AR in the testes, plasma concentrations of the luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), T, A4 and oestradiol (E2), as well as the levels of T, A4 and E2 in testicular homogenates of male turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) at the age of 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28weeks. Plasma concentrations of LH and FSH, as well as plasma and testicular levels of T and A4 began to increase at 20weeks of age. The lowest plasma levels of E2 were noted at 20weeks relative to other growth stages. The 20th week of life seems to be the key phase in the development of the reproductive system of turkeys. The AR protein was found in the nuclei of testicular cells in all examined growth stages. Higher expression of AR protein in the testes beginning at 20weeks of age was accompanied by high plasma concentrations of LH and high plasma and testicular levels of androgens. This relationship seems to be necessary to regulate male sexual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kiezun
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego St. 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - A Leska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego St. 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - B Kaminska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego St. 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - J Jankowski
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego St. 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - L Dusza
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego St. 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
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45
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Krawczyk M, Przywitowski M, Mikulski D. Effect of yellow lupine (L. luteus) on the egg yolk fatty acid profile, the physicochemical and sensory properties of eggs, and laying hen performance. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1360-7. [PMID: 25825783 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different dietary inclusion of raw yellow lupine seed meal (YLM) on laying hen performance, the fatty acid (FA) profile, physicochemical, and sensory properties of eggs. A total of 224 Lohmann Brown laying hens at 32 wk age were fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets for 16 wk. The control diet contained soybean meal (SBM), and in study diets SBM was replaced with YLM at 100, 200, or 300 g/kg. In comparison with soybean, lupine seeds had a higher content of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) (29.5 vs. 14.0 and 8.56 vs. 5.91% DM). The dietary 300 g/kg lupine seeds increased the content of NSP and RFO in the ration, from 9.34 to 13.39 and 1.36 to 2.54%, respectively. The YLM inclusion level had no adverse effect on laying performance, including feed intake, FCR, egg production, and egg weight. The final BW of hens fed lupine-based diets were significantly higher compared with the control (P=0.039). Throughout the study, dietary treatments had no effect on eggshell and albumen quality. An increase in the inclusion rate of YLM was followed by a linear increase (P<0.001) in yolk color intensity. Dietary treatments had no influence on the aroma, taste, and texture of eggs evaluated in laying hens at 46 wk age. The inclusion of lupine seeds in experimental diets caused a linear increase in n-6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) content and the n-6/n-3 ratio (all P<0.001), but it had no influence on the atherogenic and the thrombogenic indices of egg yolk lipids. The results of this study indicate that YLM can be included at 300 g/kg in layer diets as a partial substitute for soybean meal without compromising laying performance, the physicochemical, and sensory properties of eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Krawczyk
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marcin Przywitowski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dariusz Mikulski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
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Jankowski J, Zdunczyk Z, Mikulski D, Naczmanski J, Juskiewicz J, Troszynska A, Slominski BA. Inclusion of flaxseed in turkey diets decreases the n‐6/n‐3 PUFA ratio and increases the proportion of biologically active EPA and DHA without affecting meat quality. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Jankowski
- Department of Poultry ScienceUniversity of Warmia and MazuryOlsztynPoland
| | - Zenon Zdunczyk
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food ResearchPolish Academy of SciencesOlsztynPoland
| | - Dariusz Mikulski
- Department of Poultry ScienceUniversity of Warmia and MazuryOlsztynPoland
| | - Jakub Naczmanski
- Department of Poultry ScienceUniversity of Warmia and MazuryOlsztynPoland
| | - Jerzy Juskiewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food ResearchPolish Academy of SciencesOlsztynPoland
| | - Agnieszka Troszynska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food ResearchPolish Academy of SciencesOlsztynPoland
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Gopinger E, Xavier E, Elias M, Catalan A, Castro M, Nunes A, Roll V. The effect of different dietary levels of canola meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut morphology of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2014; 93:1130-6. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Zdunczyk Z, Jankowski J, Rutkowski A, Sosnowska E, Drazbo A, Zdunczyk P, Juskiewicz J. The composition and enzymatic activity of gut microbiota in laying hens fed diets supplemented with blue lupine seeds. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Plesch P, Schade B, Breithaupt A, Bellof G, Kienzle E. Accidental finding of Hashimoto-like thyroiditis in male B.U.T. 6 turkeys at slaughter. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2013; 98:875-8. [PMID: 24313909 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the context of a study on the tolerance of rapeseed meal in B.U.T. 6 turkeys, thyroid glands were histologically and immunohistochemically examined because of potential thyreostatic effects. In all groups including the controls with no rapeseed meal in their food, there was a high incidence of lymphocytic infiltration and thyroiditis (14% of thyroids with moderate to severe lymphocytic thyroiditis). Thirty per cent of mononuclear inflammatory cells were immunohistochemically identified as T cells. There were occasional accumulations of PAX-5 labelled cells, indicating germinal centre development. These lesions resemble Hashimoto's disease in humans. The effect on thyroid function is unknown. Mild hypothyreosis might enhance productivity but also explain dispositions towards diseases seen in context with thyroid dysfunction such as skin diseases (foot pad disease?) and cardiovascular problems. Further studies on thyroid function in these turkeys are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Plesch
- Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Freising, Germany
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Popp J, Krischek C, Janisch S, Wicke M, Klein G. Physico-chemical and microbiological properties of raw fermented sausages are not influenced by color differences of turkey breast meat. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1366-75. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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