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Gouda A, Tolba S, Mahrose K, Felemban SG, Khafaga AF, Khalifa NE, Jaremko M, Moustafa M, Alshaharni MO, Algopish U, Abd El-Hack ME. Heat shock proteins as a key defense mechanism in poultry production under heat stress conditions. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103537. [PMID: 38428202 PMCID: PMC10912679 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, the poultry industry has been assigned to greater production performance but has become highly sensitive to environmental changes. The average world temperature has recently risen and is predicted to continue rising. In open-sided houses, poultry species confront high outside temperatures, which cause heat stress (HS) problems. Cellular responses are vital in poultry, as they may lead to identifying confirmed HS biomarkers. Heat shock proteins (HSP) are highly preserved protein families that play a significant role in cell function and cytoprotection against various stressors, including HS. The optimal response in which the cell survives the HS elevates HSP levels that prevent cellular proteins from damage caused by HS. The HSP have chaperonic action to ensure that stress-denatured proteins are folded, unfolded, and refolded. The HSP70 and HSP90 are the primary HSP in poultry with a defensive function during HS. HSP70 was the optimal biological marker for assessing HS among the HSP studied. The current review attempts to ascertain the value of HSP as a heat stress defense mechanism in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gouda
- Animal Production Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar Tolba
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Khalid Mahrose
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Shatha G Felemban
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Norhan E Khalifa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh 51511, Egypt
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed O Alshaharni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Uthman Algopish
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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Jimoh OA, Oyeyemi BF, Oyeyemi WA, Ayodele SO, Okin-Aminu HO, Ayodele AD, Faniyi TO, Nwachukwu CU. Herbal inclusions ameliorate effect of heat stress on haematology, proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines and oxidative stress of weaned rabbit does in humid tropics. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:55-63. [PMID: 37526207 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
A study was designed to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera, Phyllanthus amarus and Viscum album leaf meal as herbal inclusions to alleviate the detrimental outcomes of heat stress in weaned female rabbits. Forty (40) weaned rabbit does (527.99 ± 10.35 g; 28 days old) were randomly allotted to four dietary groups consisting of Diet 1(control diet; without leaf meal), Diets 2 (supplemented with 10% V. album); 3 (supplemented with 10% M. oleifera) and 4 (supplemented with 10% P. amarus) in an 84 days trial at the peak of heat stress in Southwest Nigeria. At the end of the trial, blood samples were collected to assess physiological responses and oxidative status of the rabbit does. The results obtained revealed that rabbit does were exposed to heat stress; rabbit does fed control diet had higher leucocyte and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio compared to rabbit does fed on herbal inclusions. The herbal inclusions enhanced oxidative stability of rabbit does by lowering lipid peroxidation and enhancing antioxidant activities during heat stress conditions. Rabbit does fed control-based diet had significantly higher heat shock protein 70, leptin and adiponectin compared to rabbit does on M. oleifera, P. amarus and V. album supplemented diets. The herbal inclusions tend to suppress proinflammatory cytokines in rabbit does during heat stress condition. In conclusion, the herbal inclusions suppress inflammation, adipokines and promotes oxidative stability of rabbit does exposed to heat stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatunji A Jimoh
- Department of Agricultural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Bolaji F Oyeyemi
- Department of Science Technology, The Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Wahab A Oyeyemi
- Department of Physiology, Osun State University Oshogbo, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Simeon O Ayodele
- Department of Agricultural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Hafsat O Okin-Aminu
- Animal Science Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Ayoola D Ayodele
- Department of Agricultural and Industrial Technology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope O Faniyi
- Department of Crop and Animal Science, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Chinwe Uchechi Nwachukwu
- Department of Agricultural Science Education, School of Vocational and Technical Education, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
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Teyssier JR, Cozannet P, Greene E, Dridi S, Rochell SJ. Influence of different heat stress models on nutrient digestibility and markers of stress, inflammation, lipid, and protein metabolism in broilers. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103048. [PMID: 37797358 PMCID: PMC10613759 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment determined the effects of different HS models and pair-feeding (PF) on nutrient digestibility and markers of stress, inflammation, and metabolism in broilers. Birds (720 total) were allocated into 12 environmentally controlled chambers and reared under thermoneutral conditions until 20 d. Until 41 d birds were exposed to 4 treatments, including: thermoneutral at 24°C (TN-al), daily cyclic HS (12 h at 24 and 12 h at 35°C; cyHS), constant HS at 35°C (coHS), and PF birds maintained at 24°C and fed to equalize FI with coHS birds (TN-coPF). At d 41, ileal digesta were collected to determine nutrient apparent ileal digestibility (AID). Blood, liver, and breast tissues were collected from 8 birds per treatment to determine the mRNA expression of stress, inflammation, and metabolism markers. An additional 8 TN-al birds were sampled after acute HS exposure at 35°C for 4 h (aHS), and 8 cyHS birds were sampled either right before or 4 h after HS initiation. Data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and means were separated using Tukey's HSD test. Compared with TN-al birds, AID of nitrogen and ether extract were reduced in coHS birds, and both cyHS and coHS reduced (P < 0.05) AID of total essential amino acids. TNFα and SOD2 expression were increased (P < 0.05) under aHS, coHS, and TN-coPF conditions. IL6 and HSP70 were increased (P < 0.05) under coHS and aHS, respectively. Expression of lipogenic enzymes ACCα and FASN were reduced by coHS and TN-coPF, while coHS increased the lipolytic enzyme ATGL (P < 0.05). IGF1 was lowered in coHS birds, and p70S6K and MyoG were reduced under coHS and TN-coPF (P < 0.05). Interestingly, MuRF1 and MAFbx were increased (P < 0.05) under coHS only. Overall, these results indicate that coHS has a greater impact on nutrient digestibility and metabolism than aHS and cyHS. Interestingly, increased protein degradation during HS appears to be mostly driven by HS per se and not the reduced FI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Teyssier
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - P Cozannet
- Adisseo France S.A.S., Center of Expertise in Research and Nutrition, 03600 Malicorne, France
| | - E Greene
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - S Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - S J Rochell
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Jimoh OA, Daramola OT, Okin-Aminu HO, Ojo OA. HSP70, adiponectin, leptin, pro-inflammatory cytokines and metabolic hormones of heat-stressed broilers fed herbal supplements. J Therm Biol 2023; 117:103681. [PMID: 37633071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Global warming undoubtedly is a serious challenge facing poultry production especially in tropical climate, which subject animals to heat-stressed conditions leading to multiple physiological alterations. An investigation was conducted to determine the role of herbal supplements on adipokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines and metabolic hormones of broilers exposed to heat stress. 200 a day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to standard diets; diet 1 without leaf meal (T1), diet 2 with 5% Moringa oleifera (T2), diet 3 with 5% Phyllanthus amarus (T3) and diet 4 with 5% mistletoe; Viscum album (T4) in a 49-day feed trial during the peak of thermal discomfort in Southern Nigeria, to assess hormones, adipokines and cytokines using standard procedures. Results obtained shows that triiodothyronine of birds fed phyllanthus and mistletoe were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than birds on basal diet. Corticosterone of birds fed mistletoe and phyllanthus were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those obtained in birds on basal diet. Heat shock protein of birds fed on moringa supplements were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those in birds on basal diet. The adiponectin of birds fed on basal diet were statistically (p < 0.05) higher than other treatments. Interleukin 6 of birds on phyllanthus and mistletoe supplements were not significantly (p > 0.05) different from birds on basal diet. Interleukin 1β of birds fed basal diet was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than birds fed moringa supplements and the significantly (p < 0.05) least values obtained in those of birds fed phyllanthus supplement. Tumor necrosis factor α of birds fed on phyllanthus and mistletoe were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than birds fed basal diet and the significantly (p < 0.05) least values were obtained in birds fed moringa supplement. In conclusion, three herbal supplements decreased the HSP 70, leptin and adiponectin of broilers exposed to heat stress and moringa supplements lower pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in heat stress birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatunji Abubakar Jimoh
- Department of Agricultural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
| | | | | | - Olayinka Abosede Ojo
- Department of Animal Production, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Kwara State University, Molete, Kwara State, Nigeria
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Kumar R, Yadav A, Chaturvedi K, Pal LC, Malik S, Rani S. Surviving high temperatures: a case study of the spotted munia (Lonchura punctulata). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:81226-81235. [PMID: 37316627 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28084-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Every year, a combination of summer with extreme weather events such as "heatwaves" affects the life of organisms on earth. Previous studies on humans, rodents, and some birds signify the impact of heat stress on their survival and existence. Over the past four decades, the frequency of heatwaves has increased because of global warming. Therefore, we performed a longitudinal study on a resident bird species, the spotted munia (Lonchura punctulata) by simulating a heatwave-like condition. We were interested in understanding how a Passeriformes native to a sub-tropical country deals with heatwave-like conditions. Initially, the birds were subjected to room temperature (25 ± 2 °C; T1) for 10 days, followed by a simulated heatwave-like condition (42 ± 1 °C; T2) for 7 days and again back to room temperature (25 ± 2 °C; RT1) for the next 7 days. To elucidate how birds cope with simulated heatwave conditions, we examined different behavioral and physiological parameters. We found that although heat stress significantly reduced total activity counts and food intake but, the body mass, blood glucose, and hemoglobin levels remained unaffected by any of the temperature conditions. Furthermore, HSP70 and biochemical markers of liver injuries such as ALP, AST, ALT, bilirubin direct, and bilirubin total were found elevated in response to the simulated heatwave-like condition, whereas uric acid and triglyceride were reduced. Creatinine and total protein levels were unaffected by the heatwave. The post heatwave treatment resulted in a rebound of the behavioral and physiological responses, but the recovered responses were not equivalent to the pre-heatwave levels (T1 conditions). Thus, the present study demonstrates heatwave-associated behavioral and physiological changes in a resident passerine finch which has tremendous physiological flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Center, for Biological Timekeeping, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Govt. Girls P.G. College Fatehpur, Prayagraj, UP, India
| | - Anupama Yadav
- Center, for Biological Timekeeping, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Khushboo Chaturvedi
- Center, for Biological Timekeeping, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Lal Chand Pal
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Shalie Malik
- Center, for Biological Timekeeping, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Sangeeta Rani
- Center, for Biological Timekeeping, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
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Abubakar JO, Temidayo DO, Ololade OAH, Abosede OO. Herbal supplements suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines, boost humoral immunity, and modulate adipokines to enhance the productivity traits of rabbit bucks in hot climatic conditions. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:227. [PMID: 37227575 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Thermal stress is the main stressor accounting for reduced productivity, compromised immunity, and collapse of thermoregulatory measures in rabbits in the tropics. The current climate change depicts worsening assault of heat stress in the time ahead; hence, the need to develop combative measures for animal productivity. This research investigates the influence of herbal supplements of three tropical herbs Viscum album (mistletoe), Moringa oleifera (Moringa), and Phyllanthus amarus (Phyllanthus) on immune response, oxidative status, adipokines, and growth of eighty weaned rabbits during heat stress in tropical climate. The bucks were fed with four standard diets; a control and others supplemented with each of Moringa, Phyllanthus, and mistletoe for an eight-week feed trial. Performance indicators were monitored and blood were sampled and assayed for hematology, pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and oxidative status. The result shows that the performance of bucks fed with Phyllanthus and mistletoe supplements was superior to other groups. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the bucks fed with Moringa supplement, with significantly (p < 0.05) highest values obtained in the control group. Total antioxidant activity of the bucks fed with supplements was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those on control, with the significantly (p < 0.05) highest value recorded in bucks fed with Phyllanthus. Serum lipid peroxidation of the bucks on control was significantly (p < 0.05) highest and significantly (p < 0.05) least value was obtained in bucks on mistletoe. Heat shock protein 70, adiponectin, and leptin of the bucks on control were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than bucks on herbal supplements. Interleukin 6, interleukin β, and tumor necrosis factor α of bucks on control were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than bucks fed on herbal supplements. In conclusion, the inclusion of herbal supplements Moringa, Phyllanthus, or mistletoe suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines, boost humoral immunity, enhance the anti-oxidative status, and promote the growth of rabbit bucks during thermal discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimoh Olatunji Abubakar
- Department of Agricultural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
| | | | | | - Ojo Olayinka Abosede
- Department of Animal Production, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Kwara State University, Molete, Kwara State, Nigeria
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Xu P, Lin H, Jiao H, Zhao J, Wang X. Chicken embryo thermal manipulation alleviates postnatal heat stress-induced jejunal inflammation by inhibiting Transient Receptor Potential V4. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114851. [PMID: 37004430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation induced by heat stress is an important factor restricting the healthy growth of broilers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chicken embryo thermal manipulation (39.5 ℃ and 65 % RH for 3 h daily during 16-18 th embryonic age) on intestinal inflammation in broilers under postnatal heat stress and to investigate whether transient receptor potential V4 (TRPV4) plays a role in this process. Our results suggest that broilers with embryo thermal manipulation experience could delay the rising of rectal temperature during postnatal heat stress (P < 0.05), and had better production performance (P < 0.05), intestinal morphological parameters (P < 0.05) and higher expression of tight junction related genes (P < 0.05). The increased serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content, activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in jejunum during postnatal heat stress were alleviated by embryo thermal manipulation (P < 0.05). Postnatal heat stress induced an increase in mRNA and protein expression of TRPV4 in jejunum (P < 0.05), but had no effect on broilers which experienced embryo thermal manipulation (P > 0.05). Inhibition of TRPV4 reduced LPS-induced Ca2+ influx and restrained the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and the expression of downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05). The expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) in the jejunum of broilers exposed to postnatal heat stress was increased by embryo thermal manipulation (P < 0.05). The DNA methylation level of TRPV4 promoter region was detected, and the results showed that embryo thermal manipulation increased the DNA methylation level of TRPV4 promoter region (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Chicken embryo thermal manipulation can alleviate jejunal inflammation in broilers under postnatal heat stress. This may be due to the decreased circulating LPS or the increased DNA methylation level in the promoter region of TRPV4, which inhibits TRPV4 expression, thereby reducing Ca2+ influx, and finally alleviating inflammation by affecting NF-κB signaling pathway. The work is an attempt to understand the mechanism involved in alleviation of adverse effects of heat stress during postnatal life through prenatal thermal manipulation and to reveal the important role of epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Hai Lin
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
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Uyanga VA, Ejeromedoghene O, Lambo MT, Alowakennu M, Alli YA, Ere-Richard AA, Min L, Zhao J, Wang X, Jiao H, Onagbesan OM, Lin H. Chitosan and chitosan‑based composites as beneficial compounds for animal health: Impact on gastrointestinal functions and biocarrier application. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
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9
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Fu Q, Yang X, Zhou S, Yang Y, Zhang X, Han Q, Ji W, Liu H. Effects of short-distance transportation on physiological indexes, intestinal morphology, microbial community, and the transcriptome of the jejunum in weaned piglets. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1148941. [PMID: 37124567 PMCID: PMC10130522 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1148941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transportation of livestock is unavoidable in animal production. A total of 72 piglets were randomly divided into the CON group and the TSG group, and the piglets in CON group were transported for two hours. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of short-distance road transportation lasting 2 h on the jejunum of weaned piglets. Our results showed that compared with the control group, there was no impact on the growth performance of piglets in the transport group (P > 0.05). The concentrations of cortisol, heat shock protein (HSP)70, HSP90, C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-12, and interferon-γ and the activity of reactive oxygen species were increased in the jejunum of piglets in the transport group (P < 0.05 compared with the control group). The concentrations of glutathione peroxidase, claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 showed no between-group differences (P > 0.05). Regarding intestinal morphology, the transport group showed infiltration of a small amount of lymphocytes into the jejunum mucosa epithelium that was accompanied by edema of the lamina propria, whereas the control group showed no obvious abnormalities. At the genus level, in the transport group, the 16S rRNA sequencing revealed a downward trend in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and an upward trend in the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae_unclassified. There was also increased mRNA expression of genes associated with inflammation in the transport group, but the genes and pathways related to apoptosis were not activated. In summary, weaned piglets undergoing 2 h of short-distance road transportation showed stress and inflammatory reactions of the jejunum but did not exhibit oxidative damage or activation of the apoptosis pathway of the jejunum. Furthermore, the growth performance of the piglets was not affected by the trip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Sitong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qi Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenbo Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Wenbo Ji
| | - Honggui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Honggui Liu
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10
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Tustumi F, Agareno GA, Galletti RP, da Silva RBR, Quintas JG, Sesconetto LDA, Szor DJ, Wolosker N. The Role of the Heat-Shock Proteins in Esophagogastric Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172664. [PMID: 36078072 PMCID: PMC9454628 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins that have received considerable attention over the last several years. They have been classified into six prominent families: high-molecular-mass HSP, 90, 70, 60, 40, and small heat shock proteins. HSPs participate in protein folding, stability, and maturation of several proteins during stress, such as in heat, oxidative stress, fever, and inflammation. Due to the immunogenic host’s role in the combat against cancer cells and the role of the inflammation in the cancer control or progression, abnormal expression of these proteins has been associated with many types of cancer, including esophagogastric cancer. This study aims to review all the evidence concerning the role of HSPs in the pathogenesis and prognosis of esophagogastric cancer and their potential role in future treatment options. This narrative review gathers scientific evidence concerning HSPs in relation to esophagus and gastric cancer. All esophagogastric cancer subtypes are included. The role of HSPs in carcinogenesis, prognostication, and therapy for esophagogastric cancer are discussed. The main topics covered are premalignant conditions for gastric cancer atrophic gastritis, Barrett esophagus, and some viral infections such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). HSPs represent new perspectives on the development, prognostication, and treatment of esophagogastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Tustumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 255, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriel Andrade Agareno
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Purchio Galletti
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Benjamim Rosa da Silva
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Grams Quintas
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Abreu Sesconetto
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel José Szor
- Department of Gastroenterology, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 255, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Nelson Wolosker
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
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11
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Overexpression of Heat Shock Protein 70 Ameliorates Meat Quality of Broilers Subjected to Pre-Slaughter Transport at High Ambient Temperatures by Improving Energy Status of Pectoralis Major Muscle and Antioxidant Capacity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081468. [PMID: 36009186 PMCID: PMC9405431 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) potentially mediates meat-quality development under stress conditions. To investigate the effects and mechanism of HSP70 on the meat quality of the pectoralis major (PM) muscles of broilers exposed to pre-slaughter transport, a total of 168 broilers were intraperitoneally injected with L-glutamine (Gln) or saline. Twenty-four hours later, broilers were subjected to transport or held under normal living conditions. The results indicated that acute Gln supplementation significantly increased HSP70 expression in the PM of transported broilers (p < 0.05). The overexpression of HSP70 significantly alleviated the decreases in muscle pH and water-holding capacity and improved the shrinking of muscle fibers induced by transport (p < 0.05). HSP70 induction increased ATP content, decreased the activities of glycolytic enzymes, and lowered the phosphorylation level of AMP-activated protein kinase in transported broilers (p < 0.05). In addition, the overexpression of HSP70 greatly increased total superoxide dismutase and the total antioxidant capability and decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species, malonaldehyde, and carbonyls in the PM of transported broilers (p < 0.05). Overall, this work indicated that HSP70 could effectively improve the meat quality of transported broilers by improving the energy status, inhibiting glycolytic influx, and restoring redox homeostasis.
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12
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Mazzoni M, Zampiga M, Clavenzani P, Lattanzio G, Tagliavia C, Sirri F. Effect of chronic heat stress on gastrointestinal histology and expression of feed intake-regulatory hormones in broiler chickens. Animal 2022; 16:100600. [PMID: 35907384 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) dramatically impairs the growth performance of broiler chickens, mainly as a consequence of reduced feed intake due to the loss of appetite. This study was aimed at evaluating the alterations induced by chronic HS conditions on the morphological and morphometric features of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and on the expression of some enteroendocrine cells (EECs) involved in the regulation of feed intake in chickens. Three hundred male chickens (Ross 308) were divided into two experimental groups and raised either in thermoneutral environment for the whole fattening period (0-41 days) (TNT group) or subjected to chronic HS conditions (30 °C for 24 h/day) from 35 to 41 days (HS group). Samples of proventriculus, duodenum, jejunum and cecum were collected from 24 broilers (12/group). Haematoxylin-eosin was used for the morphometric evaluations, while immunohistochemistry was applied for the evaluation of EECs expressing ghrelin (GHR), cholecystokinin (CCK), neuropeptide Y (NPY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and serotonin (5-HT). In the proventriculus, HS reduced total wall thickness and mucous layer height (P ≤ 0.01) as well as mean diameter, circumference, and area of the compound tubular glands (P ≤ 0.001) with respect to TNT. The small intestine of HS birds was characterised by decreased villous height and total thickness (duodenum, P ≤ 0.01; jejunum, P ≤ 0.001), whereas crypt depth and width were reduced only in the jejunum (P ≤ 0.01). HS had negligible effects on the morphological aspects of the cecum. In the proventriculus, an increase in GHR and NPY EECs was observed in response to HS (P ≤ 0.001). Similarly, the small intestine villi of the HS group showed greater GLP-1 (P ≤ 0.05), 5-HT (P ≤ 0.001) and CCK (P ≤ 0.01) EECs. Moreover, the expression of 5-HT EECs was higher in the duodenal (P ≤ 0.01) and jejunal (P ≤ 0.01) crypts of HS birds, whereas GLP-1 and CCK EECs increased only in jejunal crypts (P ≤ 0.05). Finally, 5-HT EEC expression was increased in the cecum of HS group (P ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, these outcomes demonstrate that chronic HS induces morphometric alterations not only in the small intestine but also in a key organ such as the proventriculus. Furthermore, HS conditions affect the presence and distribution of EECs, suggesting that some GI peptides and biogenic amine may be implicated in the regulation of appetite and voluntary feed intake in heat-stressed broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mazzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - M Zampiga
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - P Clavenzani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - G Lattanzio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Tagliavia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
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13
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Wang Y, Sun W, Wu E, Wang K, Chen X, Cui Y, Zhang G, Lv F, Wang Y, Peng X, Si H. Polysaccharides From Abrus cantoniensis Hance Modulate Intestinal Microflora and Improve Intestinal Mucosal Barrier and Liver Oxidative Damage Induced by Heat Stress. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:868433. [PMID: 35445100 PMCID: PMC9013755 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.868433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of polysaccharides from Abrus cantoniensis Hance (ACP) on antioxidant capacity, immune function, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis balance, the intestinal mucosal barrier, and intestinal microflora in heat stress (HS)-induced heat-injured chickens are rarely reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of ACP on HS-injured chickens by enhancing antioxidant capacity and immune function, repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier, and regulating intestinal microflora. A total of 120 native roosters in Guangxi were randomly divided into 5 groups to evaluate the protective effect of ACP on chickens injured by HS (33 ± 2°C). The results showed that ACP increased the body weight and the immune organ index of heat-injured chickens, regulated the oxidative stress kinase secretion, and restored the antioxidant level of heat-injured birds. ACP significantly inhibited the secretion of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and corticosterone (COR) and reversed the disorder of hormone levels caused by HS. ACP significantly regulated the secretion levels of immune cytokines and restored the immune function of the body. ACP significantly improved the intestinal morphology and increased the expression levels of tight junction proteins, which had a positive effect on protecting intestinal health. The results of high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed that HS led to an increase in the abundance of harmful bacteria and an abnormal increase in the abundance of intestinal microflora and that ACP restored the HS-induced intestinal microflora imbalance. In conclusion, this study provides a scientific basis for ACP as an antioxidant activity enhancer to reduce liver injury, regulate intestinal microflora, and protect intestinal mucosal damage in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
| | - Enyun Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Kaijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yao Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Geyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Feifei Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaomin Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongbin Si
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbin Si
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14
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Effects of a direct fed microbial (DFM) on broiler chickens exposed to acute and chronic cyclic heat stress in two consecutive experiments. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101705. [PMID: 35183990 PMCID: PMC8861399 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two consecutive 35 d experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of a multistrain DFM fed continuously to broiler chickens exposed to HS from 28 to 35 d on broiler performance, body composition, ileal digestibility, and intestinal permeability using serum Fluorescein Isothiocyanate Dextran (FITC-d) concentration. The treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial with temperature: Elevated (HS: 33 ± 2°C for 6 h and 27.7°C for the remaining 18 h from 28 to 35 days of age) and Thermoneutral (TN: 22 to 24°C over the entire 24-h day from 28 to 35 days of age) and diet: corn-soybean meal based with and without DFM (3-strain Bacillus; Enviva PRO) fed over the entire 35-d period as the two factors. Experimental diets were formulated to meet all nutrient recommendations based on breed standards using a starter (0–10 d), grower (10–21 d), and finisher (21–35 d) period. For each of the 2 experiments, 648 Ross 708 broiler chicks were allotted among the treatments with 9 replicate pens of 18 broilers. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 2 factorial within each experiment in JMP 14. In both experiments, cloacal temperatures were increased (P ≤ 0.05) in the broilers subjected to the HS treatment at both 28 d (acute) and 35 d (chronic). Supplementing birds with DFM reduced cloacal temperatures in the Experiment 1 at 28 d, but not at the other time periods. The HS treatment reduced body weight gain and lean tissue accretion from 0 to 35 d in both experiments (P ≤ 0.05). In Experiment 2, when the litter was reused BWG was increased by 36 g/bird with supplementation of DFM (P ≤ 0.05). Ileal digestibility at 28 d (2 h post HS) was improved with DFM supplementation in both experiments (P ≤ 0.05). Serum FITC-d increased with HS at both 28 and 35 d. Serum FITC-d was generally decreased with DFM at 28 d but the response was inconsistent at 35 d. Overall, the results suggest that HS reduced broiler performance and DFM treatment improved intestinal permeability and nutrient digestibility responses to HS in both experiments but did not improve performance until built up litter was used in Experiment 2.
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15
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Vijayakumar P, Singaravadivelan A, Mishra A, Jagadeesan K, Bakyaraj S, Suresh R, Sivakumar T. Whole-Genome comparative analysis reveals genetic mechanisms of disease resistance and heat tolerance of tropical Bos indicus cattle breeds. Genome 2021; 65:241-254. [PMID: 34914549 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2021-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Bos indicus cattle breeds have been naturally selected over thousands of years for disease resistance and thermo-tolerance. However, a genetic mechanism of these specific inherited characteristics needs to be discovered. Hence, in this study, the whole-genome comparative analysis of Bos indicus cattle breeds of Kangayam, Tharparkar, Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, and Hariana of the Indian subcontinent was conducted. The genetic variants identification analysis revealed a total of 15,58,51,012 SNPs and 1,00,62,805 InDels in the mapped reads across all Bos indicus cattle breeds. The functional annotation of 17,252 genes that comprised both, SNPs and InDels, of high functional impact on proteins, has been carried out. The functional annotation results revealed the pathways that were involved in the innate immune response including toll-like receptors, a retinoic acid-inducible gene I like receptors, NOD-like receptors, Jak-STAT signaling pathways, and the non-synonymous variants in the candidate immune genes. Further, we also identified several pathways involved in heat shock response, hair and skin properties, oxidative stress response, osmotic stress response, thermal sweating, feed intake, metabolism, and the non-synonymous variants in the candidate thermo-tolerant genes. These pathways and genes were directly or indirectly contributing to the disease resistance and thermo-tolerance adaptations of Bos indicus cattle breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periyasamy Vijayakumar
- Veterinary College and Research Institute, TANUVAS, Animal Genetics and Breeding, Livestock Farm Comlex, Orathanadu, Tamil Nadu, India, 6145 625;
| | - Arunasalam Singaravadivelan
- Veterinary College and Research Institute, TANUVAS, Livestock Production Management, VCRI, Orathanadu, Orathanadu, Tamil Nadu, India, 614 625;
| | - Anamika Mishra
- High Security Animal Disease laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Anand Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, 462021;
| | - Krishnan Jagadeesan
- University Training and Research Centre, Pillayarpatty - 613 403, , Animal Genetics and Breeding, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Sanniyasi Bakyaraj
- College of Poultry Production and Management, TANUVAS, Hosur, Tamil nadu, India;
| | - Ramalingam Suresh
- Veterinary College and Research Institute, TANUVAS, Animal Genetics and Breeding, VETERINARY COLLEGE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE, Orathanadu, Tamil Nadu, India, 243122.,Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 30072, 117, Salihothra Hostel (4th hostel), IVRI, BAREILLY, Izatnagar, UTTAR PRADESH, India, 243122;
| | - Thiagarajan Sivakumar
- Veterinary College and Research Institute, TANUVAS, Livestock Production Management, Orathanadu, Tamil Nadu, India;
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16
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Applied Proteomics in 'One Health'. Proteomes 2021; 9:proteomes9030031. [PMID: 34208880 PMCID: PMC8293331 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes9030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
‘One Health’ summarises the idea that human health and animal health are interdependent and bound to the health of ecosystems. The purpose of proteomics methodologies and studies is to determine proteins present in samples of interest and to quantify changes in protein expression during pathological conditions. The objectives of this paper are to review the application of proteomics technologies within the One Health concept and to appraise their role in the elucidation of diseases and situations relevant to One Health. The paper develops in three sections. Proteomics Applications in Zoonotic Infections part discusses proteomics applications in zoonotic infections and explores the use of proteomics for studying pathogenetic pathways, transmission dynamics, diagnostic biomarkers and novel vaccines in prion, viral, bacterial, protozoan and metazoan zoonotic infections. Proteomics Applications in Antibiotic Resistance part discusses proteomics applications in mechanisms of resistance development and discovery of novel treatments for antibiotic resistance. Proteomics Applications in Food Safety part discusses the detection of allergens, exposure of adulteration, identification of pathogens and toxins, study of product traits and characterisation of proteins in food safety. Sensitive analysis of proteins, including low-abundant ones in complex biological samples, will be achieved in the future, thus enabling implementation of targeted proteomics in clinical settings, shedding light on biomarker research and promoting the One Health concept.
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17
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Patra AK, Kar I. Heat stress on microbiota composition, barrier integrity, and nutrient transport in gut, production performance, and its amelioration in farm animals. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:211-247. [PMID: 33987600 PMCID: PMC8071753 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Livestock species experience several stresses, particularly weaning,
transportation, overproduction, crowding, temperature, and diseases in their
life. Heat stress (HS) is one of the most stressors, which is encountered in
livestock production systems throughout the world, especially in the tropical
regions and is likely to be intensified due to global rise in environmental
temperature. The gut has emerged as one of the major target organs affected by
HS. The alpha- and beta-diversity of gut microbiota composition are altered due
to heat exposure to animals with greater colonization of pathogenic microbiota
groups. HS also induces several changes in the gut including damages of
microstructures of the mucosal epithelia, increased oxidative insults, reduced
immunity, and increased permeability of the gut to toxins and pathogens.
Vulnerability of the intestinal barrier integrity leads to invasion of
pathogenic microbes and translocation of antigens to the blood circulations,
which ultimately may cause systematic inflammations and immune responses.
Moreover, digestion of nutrients in the guts may be impaired due to reduced
enzymatic activity in the digesta, reduced surface areas for absorption and
injury to the mucosal structure and altered expressions of the nutrient
transport proteins and genes. The systematic hormonal changes due to HS along
with alterations in immune and inflammatory responses often cause reduced feed
intake and production performance in livestock and poultry. The altered
microbiome likely orchestrates to the hosts for various relevant biological
phenomena occurring in the body, but the exact mechanisms how functional
communications occur between the microbiota and HS responses are yet to be
elucidated. This review aims to discuss the effects of HS on microbiota
composition, mucosal structure, oxidant-antioxidant balance mechanism, immunity,
and barrier integrity in the gut, and production performance of farm animals
along with the dietary ameliorations of HS. Also, this review attempts to
explain the mechanisms how these biological responses are affected by HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700037, India
| | - Indrajit Kar
- Department of Avian Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700037, India
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18
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Wasti S, Sah N, Singh AK, Lee CN, Jha R, Mishra B. Dietary supplementation of dried plum: a novel strategy to mitigate heat stress in broiler chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:58. [PMID: 33781340 PMCID: PMC8008564 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00571-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat stress is a significant problem in the poultry industry, causing a severe economic loss due to its detrimental effects on chickens’ health and performance. Dried plum (DP) is a good source of minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, and phenolic compounds. Studies have suggested that DP has several health benefits, such as maintaining the body’s redox system, immune status, and calcium hemostasis. Based on the health benefits of DP, we hypothesized that the dietary supplementation of DP would alleviate the detrimental effects of heat stress on broiler chickens. Results To test the hypothesis, day-old broiler chicks (n = 72) were randomly allocated to three treatment groups (n = 24/group): no heat stress (NHS), heat stress (HS), and heat stress with dried plum (HS + DP), and reared under standard conditions. The inclusion of 2.5% DP in the feed of the HS + DP group was made during the treatment period, while birds in other groups were provided with a standard finisher diet. After 21 days, birds in the HS and HS + DP groups were exposed to cyclic heat stress conditions (33 °C for 8 h during daytime) for 3 weeks, while those in the NHS group were reared under normal conditions (22–24 °C). Weekly body weight and feed intake were recorded to calculate the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Heat stress significantly decreased the final body weight, ADG, ADFI, and increased FCR compared to the NHS group, whereas dietary supplementation of DP significantly improved these growth performance parameters compared to the HS group. Furthermore, supplementation of DP significantly increased the expression of heat shock protein-related genes (HSF1, HSF3, HSP70, and HSP90), antioxidant-related genes (SOD1, SOD2, GPX1, GPX3, PRDX1, and TXN), tight junction-related genes (CLDN1, and OCLN), and immune-related genes (IL4, MUC2) in the ileum as compared to the HS group. The microbiota analysis showed significant enrichment of Bacillales, Christensenellaceae, Bacillaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, and Anaerotruncus in heat-stressed birds supplemented with DP as compared to the HS group. Further, DP supplementation also significantly increased the concentration of acetate, propionate, and total VFA in the cecal digesta of the HS + DP group as compared to the HS group. Conclusion These findings suggest that DP supplementation effectively improved the growth performances and gut health parameters in the heat-stressed birds. Thus, dried plum can be a potential feed supplement to mitigate heat stress in broiler chickens. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00571-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Wasti
- Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Nirvay Sah
- Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Amit K Singh
- Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Chin N Lee
- Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Rajesh Jha
- Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Birendra Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
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19
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Zhang Q, Yang Y, Lu Y, Cao Z. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analyses the cycle chronic heat stress affecting liver proteome in yellow-feather chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101111. [PMID: 33965807 PMCID: PMC8120948 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is one of the main environmental factors affecting the efficiency of poultry production. The yellow-feather chickens (YFC) as an indigenous strain of chicken is a popular poultry breed in China. Our previous study used the RNA-seq to analyze the gene expression profiles of male YFC under HS and showed that the lipid and energy metabolism pathways are activated in livers of YFC exposed to acute HS (38°C, 4 h and 25°C recovery 2 h). In this study, we used quantitative proteome analysis based on iTRAQ to study the liver response of YFC to cycle chronic HS (38 ± 1°C, 8 h/d, 7 d, CyCHS). The male YFCs treatment used the CyCHS from 22 to 28 days of age. The liver tissue samples were collected at 28 d old. A total of 39,327 unique peptides matches were detected using iTRAQ analysis and 4,571 proteins exhibited a false discovery rate of 1% or less. Forty-six significant differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected in the CyCHS group compared with the control group for the liver samples, including up- and down-regulated DEPs were 18 and 28, respectively. We found that the enriched biological process terms of the DEPs expressed in the liver were related to DNA metabolic process, oxidation-reduction process, oxidative stress and gluconeogenesis. In KEGG pathway analysis. Most of the hepatic DEPs were annotated to glutathione metabolism and TCA cycle in response to CyCHS. The up-regulation of 5 DEPs (GPX1, GSTT1, GSTT1L, RRM2, and LOC100859645) in the glutathione metabolism pathway likely reflects an attempt to deal with oxidative damage by CyCHS. The down-regulation of 3 DEPs (Isocitrate dehydrogenase [IDH3A], IDH3B, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1) in the TCA cycle pathway contributes to the regulation mechanism of energy metabolism and probably to cope with the balance of heat production and dissipation during CyCHS in order to adapt to high temperature environments. Our results provide insights into the potential molecular mechanism in heat-induced oxidative stress and energy in YFCs and future studies will investigate the functional genes associated with the response to HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - YuZe Yang
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing, China
| | - YongQiang Lu
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing, China
| | - ZiWen Cao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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20
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Roychowdhury P, Aftabuddin M, Pati MK. Thermal stress-induced oxidative damages in the liver and associated death in fish, Labeo rohita. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:21-32. [PMID: 33058003 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00880-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fish mortality generally occurs during extreme summer temperatures in India which are apprehended to be more frequent in near future and may reduce the fish population, particularly in closed aquatic systems. This present study is conducted with the objectives to find out heat shock and associated oxidative stress responses that occurred in selected fish Labeo rohita due to extremely high water temperature (treated, 37-38 °C against control, 28-30 °C) exposure for 2 weeks. Calculated mortality was 30% during the experimental period. The results revealed the biomolecules associated with both the anti-oxidative response (reduced glutathione in serum, liver, muscle; catalase activity in liver, muscle; superoxide dismutase gene expression in the liver) and the heat shock response (hsp70 gene expression in the liver) were elevated under thermal stress. Pro-inflammatory responses (expression of complement protein 3, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the liver) and oxidative damages (lipid peroxidation in all studied tissue and DNA fragmentation in the liver) were more under thermal stress. Extreme thermal stress induced by partial lethal temperature exposure in this study led to the activation of both the heat shock response and the anti-oxidative response. However, these responses were not elicited to the level so that they can protect from oxidative damages and inflammation in the liver of all the studied fish that caused partial mortality in fish. Thermal stress-induced hepatotoxicity caused fish death which was documented for the first time in freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasun Roychowdhury
- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CIFRI), Barrackpore, India
- Department of Fishery Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India
| | - Mohammad Aftabuddin
- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CIFRI), Barrackpore, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar Pati
- Department of Fishery Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India
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21
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Yu ZQ, Tian JY, Wen J, Chen Z. Effects of Heat Stress on Expression of Heat Shock Proteins in the Small Intestine of Wenchang Chicks. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- ZQ Yu
- Hainan Normal University, China
| | - JY Tian
- Hainan Normal University, China
| | - J Wen
- Hainan Normal University, China
| | - Z Chen
- Hainan Normal University, China
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Shehata AM, Saadeldin IM, Tukur HA, Habashy WS. Modulation of Heat-Shock Proteins Mediates Chicken Cell Survival against Thermal Stress. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2407. [PMID: 33339245 PMCID: PMC7766623 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the most challenging environmental stresses affecting domestic animal production, particularly commercial poultry, subsequently causing severe yearly economic losses. Heat stress, a major source of oxidative stress, stimulates mitochondrial oxidative stress and cell dysfunction, leading to cell damage and apoptosis. Cell survival under stress conditions needs urgent response mechanisms and the consequent effective reinitiation of cell functions following stress mitigation. Exposure of cells to heat-stress conditions induces molecules that are ready for mediating cell death and survival signals, and for supporting the cell's tolerance and/or recovery from damage. Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) confer cell protection against heat stress via different mechanisms, including developing thermotolerance, modulating apoptotic and antiapoptotic signaling pathways, and regulating cellular redox conditions. These functions mainly depend on the capacity of HSPs to work as molecular chaperones and to inhibit the aggregation of non-native and misfolded proteins. This review sheds light on the key factors in heat-shock responses for protection against cell damage induced by heat stress in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrazeq M. Shehata
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt;
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Islam M. Saadeldin
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hammed A. Tukur
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Walid S. Habashy
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
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Wu QJ, Jiao C, Liu ZH, Cheng BY, Liao JH, Zhu DD, Ma Y, Li YX, Li W. Effect of glutamine on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, absorption function, and mRNA expression of intestinal transporters in heat-stressed chickens. Res Vet Sci 2020; 134:51-57. [PMID: 33296811 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To explore the effect of glutamine (Gln) on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, absorption function and mRNA expression of intestinal transporters in heat-stressed chickens, 540 21-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to a control group (no stress, NS), Gln group (Chickens were administered 0.5% and 1.0% Gln, respectively), heat stress group (HT), and Gln + HT group (Chickens were administered 0.5% and 1.0% Gln, respectively). The chickens in the HT and Gln + HT groups were reared under HT (36 ± 1 °C for 10 h/d and 22 ± 1 °C for 14 h/d), for 21 days. In contrast to the NS group, heat stress caused a reduction in the body weight gain (BWG); feed intake (FI); activity of trypsin, lipase, alkaline phosphatases, Ca2+ and Mg2+ adenosine triphosphatases, and Na+-K+-ATPase; and content of glutathione and d-xylose (P < 0.05) in the other groups. In addition, compared to the F:G and expression levels in the NS group, the heat stress increased the feed intake:body weight gain (F:G) and mRNA expression levels of SGLT1, CaBP-D28k, and L-GSBP (P < 0.05). Furthermore, HT-challenged birds were pretreated with Gln, the BWG; FI; activity of trypsin, lipase, alkaline phosphatase, Ca2+ and Mg2+ adenosine triphosphatases, and Na+-K+-ATPase; and content of glutathione and d-xylose (P < 0.05) were dramatically increased, but it decreased the F:G and mRNA expression levels of SGLT1, CaBP-D28k, and L-GSBP (P < 0.05) in the HT group. In summary, Gln can effectively improve growth performance and may promote digestion and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract by mediating the mRNA expression level of nutrient transporters and Gln metabolism in heat-stressed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Jue Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China.
| | - Chong Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China
| | - Zhi Hao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China
| | - Bin Yao Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China
| | - Jia Hui Liao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China
| | - Dou Dou Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China
| | - Yan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China
| | - Yuan Xiao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China
| | - Wang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China
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Dietary chitosan oligosaccharides alleviate heat stress-induced intestinal oxidative stress and inflammatory response in yellow-feather broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6745-6752. [PMID: 33248590 PMCID: PMC7705058 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on intestinal permeability, morphology, antioxidant status, and inflammatory response in heat-stressed broilers. A total of 108 thirty-five-day-old Chinese yellow-feather broilers (body weight 470.31 ± 13.15 g) were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments as follows: CON group, basal diet and raised under normal temperature (24°C); HS group, basal diet and raised under cycle heat stress (34°C from 10:00–18:00 and 24°C for the rest time); HSC group, basal diet with 200 mg/kg COS supplementation and raised under cycle heat stress. Each treatment had 6 replication pens and 6 broilers per pen. Compared with the CON group, heat stress decreased (P < 0.05) the relative weight of duodenum and jejunum; the relative length and villus height (VH) of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum; the ileum VH to crypt depth ratio; duodenum mucosal catalase (CAT) activity; and jejunum mucosal glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and CAT activity, whereas it increased (P < 0.05) serum diamine oxidase (DAO) activity and D-lactate acid (D-LA) content, duodenum and jejunum mucosal malondialdehyde (MDA) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) content, and ileum mucosal tumor necrosis factor-α content. Compared to the HS group, dietary COS supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the relative length of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum; the VH of jejunum and ileum; and duodenum and jejunum mucosal GSH-Px activity, whereas it decreased (P < 0.05) serum DAO activity and D-LA concentration and duodenum and jejunum mucosal MDA and IL-1β content. These results suggested that dietary COS supplementation had beneficial effects on intestinal morphology by increasing jejunum and ileum VH; permeability by decreasing serum DAO activity and D-LA content; antioxidant capacity by decreasing duodenum and jejunum mucosal MDA content and by increasing duodenum and jejunum GSH-Px activity; and inflammatory response by decreasing duodenum and jejunum mucosal IL-1β content.
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Hasan Siddiqui S, Kang D, Park J, Choi HW, Shim K. Acute Heat Stress Induces the Differential Expression of Heat Shock Proteins in Different Sections of the Small Intestine of Chickens Based on Exposure Duration. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10071234. [PMID: 32708054 PMCID: PMC7401550 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the protein and gene expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in different sections of the small intestine of chickens. In total, 300 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to the control and treatment groups. The treatment group was divided into four subgroups, according to the duration of acute heat exposure (3, 6, 12, and 24 h). The influence of heat stress on the protein and gene expression of HSP70, HSP60, and HSP47 in different sections of the small intestine of chickens was determined. The protein expression of HSP70 and HSP60 was significantly higher at 6 h in the duodenum and jejunum and 12 h in the ileum. The HSP47 protein expression was significantly higher at 3 h in the duodenum and ileum and at 6 h in the jejunum. The gene expression levels of HSP70, HSP60, and HSP47 were significantly higher at the 3 h treatment group than the control group in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The glutamate pyruvate transaminase and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase levels were significantly higher at 12 and 24 h in the serum of the blood. Acute heat stress affected the expression of intestinal proteins and genes in chickens, until the induction of heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Hasan Siddiqui
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.H.S.); (D.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Darae Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.H.S.); (D.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Jinryong Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.H.S.); (D.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Hyun Woo Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.W.C.); (K.S.); Tel.: +82-10-3169-9417 (H.W.C.); +82-10-3889-1003 (K.S.)
| | - Kwanseob Shim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.H.S.); (D.K.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.C.); (K.S.); Tel.: +82-10-3169-9417 (H.W.C.); +82-10-3889-1003 (K.S.)
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Sharma A, Kumar BVS, Dash S, Singh S, Verma R. Heat shock protein B1 expression is associated with age at sexual maturity in Rhode Island Red and Punjab Red layers under heat stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2020; 64:1133-1143. [PMID: 32147753 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-01887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsp) aid in protein folding and also to combat stress in all cellular organisms. HspB1 is a member of the small HSP family that has a significant role in thermo-tolerance. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship (if any) between age at sexual maturity of layer poultry (Rhode Island Red and Punjab Red) and HspB1 expression both at mRNA and protein levels under heat stress. The mRNA expression of hspB1 was checked by real-time PCR. Delay in sexual maturity of the birds was found to be directly associated with the hspB1 mRNA expression in both the bird varieties under heat stress. No significant regression (association) of hspB1 mRNA expression with age at sexual maturity was observed in case of control, non-heat stressed birds. The serum levels of HspB1 were measured by indirect ELISA, using recombinant HspB1 that was expressed using pET-32b(+) vector in BL21(DE3) cells. Serum HspB1 concentration increased significantly (p ≤ 0.001) in heat-stressed birds as compared with control ones. A significant association was found between the increase in serum HspB1 concentration and delay in sexual maturity of all the birds under heat stress while no such association was found in control birds. In conclusion, HspB1 mRNA and protein expression were found to be associated with age at sexual maturity in Punjab Red and RIR layers under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astha Sharma
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - B V Sunil Kumar
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
| | - Shaktikant Dash
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Satparkash Singh
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Ramneek Verma
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
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Zhou M, Yang L, Chen Y, Sun T, Wang N, Chen X, Yang Z, Ge J, Jiang S. Comparative study of stress response, growth and development of uteri in post-weaning gilts challenged with zearalenone and estradiol benzoate. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1885-1894. [PMID: 31483545 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of zearalenone (ZEA) and estradiol benzoate (EB) on stress injury and uterine development in post-weaning gilts. Thirty healthy post-weaning female gilts (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) aged 28-32 days were randomly allocated to three treatments as follows: (a) basal diet (Control), (b) basal diet plus 1.0 mg/kg purified ZEA (ZEA) and (c) basal diet plus 0.75 ml (1.5 mg) EB per pig at 3-days intervals by intramuscular injection (EB). The serum estradiol (E2 ), the final and the increased vulvar area, uterine index, thickness of the myometrium and endometrium, and protein expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in ZEA group were higher than those in the control group (p < .05), but lower than those in the EB group (p < .05). The serum luteinizing hormone in ZEA group was lower than that of the control group (p < .05), but higher than that in the EB group (p < .05). Higher serum follicle-stimulating hormone and progesterone were observed in the ZEA and control groups than those in the EB group (p < .05). The serum glutathione peroxidase activity in the ZEA group was lower than that in the control and EB groups (p < .001), and the malondialdehyde in the ZEA group was higher than that in the control and EB groups (p < .001). Moreover, the relative mRNA and protein expression of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and relative mRNA expression of HSP70 in the ZEA and EB groups were higher than those in the control group (p < .05). In conclusion, both ZEA (1.0 mg/kg) and EB (1.5 mg at 3 days intervals by intramuscular injection) stimulated vulvar swelling and uterine hypertrophy by disordering serum hormones and up-regulating GHR expression, and induced stress by different mechanisms in this study. Furthermore, the observed up-regulating HSP70 expression challenged by ZEA or EB may be part of the mechanism to resist stress injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, College of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, College of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, College of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Tong Sun
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, College of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Nuan Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, College of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, College of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Zaibin Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, College of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
| | - Jinshan Ge
- Shandong Zhongcheng feed Technology Co., Ltd., Feicheng City, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Shuzhen Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, College of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P. R. China
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28
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Pereira E Silva A, Lourenço AL, Marmello BO, Bitteti M, Teixeira GAPB. Comparison of two techniques for a comprehensive gut histopathological analysis: Swiss Roll versus Intestine Strips. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 111:104302. [PMID: 31465765 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the gut mucosa milieu is important to grade the inflammatory process in conditions such as food hypersensitivity, allergy, gut parasitosis, etc. However, the gastrointestinal tract comprises a challenging system to evaluate, due to its thin tubular structure and mucosa, which suffer fast autolysis after death. Irrespective of the preferred inflammatory score system, it is important to choose the technique that will render the best tissue analysis. Thus, our aim was to compare two of the most frequently used methods to collect, process and analyze gut segments, the Swiss Roll and the Intestinal Strips. Normal C57Bl/6 mice were randomly assigned to Rolls or Strips group. After an overdose of anesthetics, segments of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected and prepared accordingly for histological processing and analysis. Our results show the villi in the Rolls tend to be shorter and wider than those in the Strips in the duodenum and jejunum but not the ileum. No significant differences were observed in intra-epithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells counts. Finally, we staged each segment using our histomorphometric classification system, which revealed that although all animals presented a normal intestinal mucosa, those assigned to the Rolls group had their mucosa staged in the Infiltrative Stage while the Strips group had their mucosa staged as Normal. In conclusion, Swiss Rolls might be desirable for a wider assessment of the intestine, as it allows large segments to be analyzed at once, while Strips are better suited when detailed evaluation of each villus is intended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton Pereira E Silva
- Gastrointestinal Immunology Group, Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Graduation Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Antônio Pedro University Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - André Luiz Lourenço
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bárbara Oliveira Marmello
- Gastrointestinal Immunology Group, Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Graduation Program in Science and Biotechnology, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monique Bitteti
- Gastrointestinal Immunology Group, Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gerlinde Agate Platais Brasil Teixeira
- Gastrointestinal Immunology Group, Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Graduation Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Antônio Pedro University Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Graduation Program in Science and Biotechnology, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Threonine Requirements in Dietary Low Crude Protein for Laying Hens under High-Temperature Environmental Climate. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9090586. [PMID: 31438458 PMCID: PMC6770405 DOI: 10.3390/ani9090586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The threonine (Thr) requirement of laying hens in a high-temperature climate is scarcely referred in the review of literature. Therefore, our aim was to estimate the dietary Thr requirement in low CP diets in a high-temperature environmental climate. Based on our findings, the optimal dietary Thr requirements to optimize egg production, serum uric acid, and serum CuZn-SOD were 0.58%, 0.59%, and 0.56%, respectively, by regression analysis. Abstract Lohmann Brown hens (n = 420), at 28 weeks of age, were divided into five dietary treatments, and each treatment included six replicates of 14 laying hens. Dietary crude protein (14%) was presented as the control diet. Dietary L-Thr was added to the control diet for 12 weeks. Dietary Thr levels are 0.43%, 0.49%, 0.57%, 0.66%, and 0.74%, based on digestible base. From 28 to 40 weeks, hen-day egg production presented a quadratic trend to supplementing dietary Thr (R2 = 0.96, p = 0.02), and reached a maximum level at 0.58%. Serum uric acid demonstrated a quadratic trend (R2 = 0.62, p = 0.02) at 0.59%. Both serum total cholesterol and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG-CoA) reductase showed lower levels (p < 0.05) at 0.66% Thr. Serum CuZn-SOD elevated (p < 0.05) at 0.49%, 0.57%, and 0.66% Thr, as compared to the control group, and showed a quadratic trend (R2 = 0.87, p = 0.003) at 0.56%. Supplemental L-Thr decreased (p < 0.05) the expression of ileal HSP70 at 0.66% Thr. In summary, the optimal dietary Thr requirements to optimize egg production, serum uric acid, and serum CuZn-SOD were 0.58%, 0.59%, and 0.56%, respectively, by regression analysis.
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Cheng K, Yan E, Song Z, Li S, Zhang H, Zhang L, Wang C, Wang T. Protective effect of resveratrol against hepatic damage induced by heat stress in a rat model is associated with the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. J Therm Biol 2019; 82:70-75. [PMID: 31128661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress jeopardizes humans and animals health, and results in enormous economic loss in public health care and livestock production. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol on hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in heat-stressed rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally fed with 100 mg resveratrol/kg body weight/day prior to heat stress (40 ∘C per day for 1.5 h) exposure for 3 consecutive days. Serum and liver samples were collected for the analysis of hepatic injury, redox status and immune response. The results showed that the heat-stress-induced increased aspartate aminotransferase activities in the serum, aberrant hepatic histology, excessive hepatic malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor alpha concentrations, and up-regulation of heat shock protein 70, superoxide dismutase 1, glutathione peroxidase 1, toll-like receptor 4 and interleukin 10 mRNA expression in the liver were mitigated by oral resveratrol treatment. Collectively, the beneficial effects of resveratrol on hepatic damage induced by heat stress were associated with the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Enfa Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Simian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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31
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He X, Lu Z, Ma B, Zhang L, Li J, Jiang Y, Zhou G, Gao F. Effects of chronic heat exposure on growth performance, intestinal epithelial histology, appetite-related hormones and genes expression in broilers. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:4471-4478. [PMID: 29457848 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stress often occurs in the modern poultry industry, which impairs growth performance, particularly via reducing appetite. This study was aimed to investigate the mechanism of attenuating appetite by chronic heat exposure in broilers. A total of 144 broilers (28 days old) were allocated to normal control (NC, 22 °C), heat stress (32 °C), and pair-fed (22 °C) groups. RESULTS Chronic heat exposure significantly increased cloacal temperatures and respiration rates, decreased the average daily feed intake and average daily gain, increased feed-to-gain ratio compared with the NC group, and elevated the concentrations of ghrelin and cholecystokinin (CCK) both in serum and intestine, as well as peptide YY and somatostatin in intestine on 35- or 42-day-old broilers. Moreover, heat exposure decreased villi height (VH) and the ratio of VH to crypt depth (CD), while it increased CD in the jejunum on 35- and 42 day-olds, increased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of valine and isoleucine in plasma on 42 days, and upregulated (P < 0.05) the expression of taste receptor type 1 members 1 and 3 (T1R1 and T1R3), CCK, and ghrelin in the intestine on 35- or 42-day-old broilers. CONCLUSION Chronic heat exposure impairs the performance, intestinal morphology and appetite, which may be correlated with the increased secretion or gene expression of appetite-related hormones and genes, and the higher expression of nutrient-sensing receptors (T1R1 and T1R3) in broilers. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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He X, Lu Z, Ma B, Zhang L, Li J, Jiang Y, Zhou G, Gao F. Chronic Heat Stress Damages Small Intestinal Epithelium Cells Associated with the Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Broilers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7301-7309. [PMID: 29954175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heat-stressed broilers usually reduce their feed intake, leading to energy imbalance and disturbing the homeostasis in the small intestine. This study was aimed to explore heat-stress-mediated physiological features that may be ascribed to impairments in the intestinal tract of broilers. The results revealed that heat exposure increased the activities of trypsin and Na+/K+-ATPase, while it decreased the activities of amylase, lipase, and maltase as well as the proliferating cell nuclear antigen cells in the jejunum after 14 days of heat exposure. Meanwhile, heat stress upregulated the mRNA expressions of AMPKα1, LKB1, and HIF-1α and protein expressions of p-AMPKαThr172 and p-LKB1Thr189 in the small intestine after 7 or 14 days of heat exposure. In conclusion, chronic heat exposure impeded the development of digestive organs, disordered the activities of intestinal digestive enzymes, and impaired the intestinal epithelial cells by increasing the cell apoptosis and declining cell proliferation, which might be correlated with the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Additionally, heat stress upregulated the gene expression of HIF-1α, which indicated that heat stress may disturb the homeostasis in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Ginling College , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210097 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
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Aluwong T, Sumanu VO, Ayo JO, Ocheja BO, Zakari FO, Minka NS. Daily rhythms of cloacal temperature in broiler chickens of different age groups administered with zinc gluconate and probiotic during the hot-dry season. Physiol Rep 2018. [PMID: 28637707 PMCID: PMC5492204 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to evaluate effects of zinc gluconate (ZnGlu) and probiotic administration on the daily rhythm of cloacal temperature (tcloacal) in broiler chickens of different age groups during the hot-dry season. One-day-old broiler chicks (n = 60) were divided into groups I-IV of 15 chicks per group, and treated for 35 days: Group I (control) was given deionized water; Group II, ZnGlu (50 mg/kg); Group III, probiotic (4.125 × 106 cfu/100 mL), and Group IV, ZnGlu (50 mg/kg) + probiotic (4.125 × 106 cfu/100 mL). Air dry-bulb temperature (tdb), relative humidity (RH), and temperature-humidity index (THI) inside the pen, and tcloacal of each broiler chick were obtained bihourly over a 24-h period; on days 21, 28, and 35 of the study. Values of tdb (32.10 ± 0.49°C), RH (49.94 ± 1.91%), and THI (38.85 ± 0.42) obtained were outside the thermoneutral zone for broiler chickens, and suggested that the birds were subjected to heat stress. Application of the periodic model showed disruption of daily rhythm of tcloacal in broilers on day 21, which was synchronized by probiotic administration. The administration of probiotics or ZnGlu + probiotics to a greater extent decreased the mesor and amplitude, delayed the acrophases of tcloacal in broilers, especially at day 35, as compared to the controls. Overall, the tcloacal values in broiler chickens administered with probiotic alone (41.25 ± 0.05°C) and ZnGlu + probiotic (41.52 ± 0.05°C) were lower (P < 0.001) than that of the controls (41.94 ± 0.06°C). In conclusion, probiotic alone synchronized tcloacal of the birds at day 21, and, in addition, decreased tcloacal response most, followed by its coadministration with ZnGlu, the antioxidants may be beneficial in modulating daily rhythmicity of tcloacal and alleviating adverse effects of heat stress on broiler chickens during the hot-dry season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tagang Aluwong
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Victory O Sumanu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Joseph O Ayo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin O Ocheja
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Friday O Zakari
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Ndazo S Minka
- Division of Agricultural Colleges, College of Agriculture and Animal Science Ahmadu Bello University, Mando-Kaduna, Nigeria
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Attia Y, Abd El-Hamid A, de Oliveira M, Kamel K, Qota E, Al-Harthi M, Sadaka T. Soya lecithin and season affect the productive performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood constituents of growing rabbits. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/80344/2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mehaisen GMK, Ibrahim RM, Desoky AA, Safaa HM, El-Sayed OA, Abass AO. The importance of propolis in alleviating the negative physiological effects of heat stress in quail chicks. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186907. [PMID: 29053741 PMCID: PMC5650467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the most detrimental confrontations in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, causing considerable economic losses in poultry production. Propolis, a resinous product of worker honeybees, possesses several biological activities that could be used to alleviate the deleterious effects of high environmental temperature on poultry production. The current study was aimed at evaluating the effects of propolis supplementation to Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) diets on the production performance, intestinal histomorphology, relative physiological and immunological parameters, and selected gene expression under heat stress conditions. Three hundred one-day-old Japanese quail chicks were randomly distributed into 20 wired-cages. At 28 d of age, the birds were divided into 2 temperature treatment groups; a normal at 24°C (C group) and a heat stress at 35°C (HS group). The birds in each group were further assigned to 2 subgroups; one of them was fed on a basal diet without propolis supplementation (-Pr subgroup) while the other was supplemented with propolis (+Pr subgroup). Production performance including body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were measured. The intestinal histomorphological measurements were also performed for all treatment groups. Relative physiological parameters including body temperature, corticosterone hormone level, malondialdehyde (MDA) and free triiodothyronine hormone (fT3), as well as the relative immunological parameters including the total white blood cells count (TWBC’s), heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio and lymphocyte proliferation index, were also measured. Furthermore, the mRNA expression for toll like receptor 5 (TLR5), cysteine-aspartic protease-6 (CASP6) and heat shock proteins 70 and 90 (Hsp70 and Hsp90) genes was quantified in this study. The quail production performance was significantly (P<0.05) impaired by HS treatment, while Pr treatment significantly improved the quail production performance. The villus width and area were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the HS compared to the C group, while Pr treatment significantly increased crypts depth of quail. A negative impact of HS treatment was observed on the physiological status of quail; however, propolis significantly alleviated this negative effect. Moreover, quail of the HS group expressed lower immunological parameters than C group, while propolis enhanced the immune status of the quail. The relative mRNA expression of TLR5 gene was down-regulated by HS treatment while it was up-regulated by the Pr treatment. Furthermore, the positive effects of propolis in HS-quail were evidenced by normalizing the high expressions of CASP6 and Hsp70 genes when compared to the C group. Based on these results, the addition of propolis to quail diets as a potential nutritional strategy in order to improve their performance, especially under heat stress conditions, is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal M. K. Mehaisen
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Poultry Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Rania M. Ibrahim
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Adel A. Desoky
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hosam M. Safaa
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Osama A. El-Sayed
- Poultry Breeding Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O. Abass
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Poultry Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Dietary supplementation of enzymatically treated Artemisia annua could alleviate the intestinal inflammatory response in heat-stressed broilers. J Therm Biol 2017; 69:184-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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O'Reilly EL, Burchmore RJ, Sparks NH, Eckersall PD. The effect of microbial challenge on the intestinal proteome of broiler chickens. Proteome Sci 2017; 15:10. [PMID: 28572745 PMCID: PMC5450085 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-017-0118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In poultry production intestinal health and function is paramount to achieving efficient feed utilisation and growth. Uncovering the localised molecular mechanisms that occur during the early and important periods of growth that allow birds to grow optimally is important for this species. The exposure of young chicks to used litter from older flocks, containing mixed microbial populations, is a widely utilised model in poultry research. It rarely causes mortality but effects an immunogenic stimulation sufficient enough to cause reduced and uneven growth that is reflective of a challenging growing environment. Methods A mixed microbial challenge was delivered as used litter containing Campylobacter jejuni and coccidial oocysts to 120 male Ross 308 broiler chicks, randomly divided into two groups: control and challenged. On day 12, 15, 18 and 22 (pre- and 3, 6 and 10 days post-addition of the used litter) the proximal jejunum was recovered from 6 replicates per group and differentially abundant proteins identified between groups and over time using 2D DiGE. Results The abundance of cytoskeletal proteins of the chicken small intestinal proteome, particularly actin and actin associated proteins, increased over time in both challenged and control birds. Villin-1, an actin associated anti-apoptotic protein, was reduced in abundance in the challenged birds indicating that many of the changes in cytoskeletal protein abundance in the challenged birds were as a result of an increased rate of apoptosis. A number of heat shock proteins decreased in abundance over time in the intestine and this was more pronounced in the challenged birds. Conclusions The small intestinal proteome sampled from 12 to 22 days of age showed considerable developmental change, comparable to other species indicating that many of the changes in protein abundance in the small intestine are conserved among vertebrates. Identifying and distinguishing the changes in proteins abundance and molecular pathways that occur as a result of normal growth from those that occur as a result of a challenging microbial environment is important in this major food producing animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L O'Reilly
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard J Burchmore
- Glasgow Polyomics Facility, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicholas H Sparks
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - P David Eckersall
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow, UK
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Surai PF, Kochish II. Antioxidant Systems and Vitagenes in Poultry Biology: Heat Shock Proteins. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-73377-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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N -acetylcysteine improves the growth performance and intestinal function in the heat-stressed broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hosseini SM, Nazarizadeh H, Ahani S, Vakili Azghandi M. Effects of mannan oligosaccharide and <i>Curcuma xanthorrhiza</i> essential oil on the intestinal morphologyand stress indicators of broilers subjected to cyclic heat stress. Arch Anim Breed 2016. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-59-285-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. An experiment was carried out that was intended to explore the growth performance, nutrient retention, and heat stress biomarkers of finishing broilers under cyclic heat stress (HS) as modulated by the supplementation of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and Curcuma xanthorrhiza essential oil (CXEO). Two hundred and forty 21-day-old Ross 308 male broilers were allocated to four experimental treatments, each of which was replicated six times with 10 broilers per replicate. The diets included a control (CON), CON + 5 g of MOS kg−1, CON + 400 mg of CXEO kg−1 of feed, and CON + 5 g of MOS kg−1 + 400 mg of CXEO kg−1. From day 22 to 42, birds were subjected to cyclic HS by exposing them to 33 °C for 10 h (from 07:00 to 17:00 LT) and 22 °C from 17:00 to 07:00. Dietary treatments did not have an effect on average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, the duodenal histomorphology, and relative visceral weights. Body weight, average daily gain, villus length, crypt depth, and the villus-length-to-crypt-depth ratio in the jejunum were significantly increased in birds fed MOS or MOS + CXEO diets (p < 0.05). The relative bursa weight of the control birds was lower (p < 0.05) compared to those fed the MOS diet. Compared with CON, dietary treatments reduced corticosterone and creatine kinase levels, the heterophile-to-lymphocyte ratio, and mRNA levels of heat shock protein 70 in the breast muscle and jejunum (p < 0.05). It was concluded that dietary supplementation of either MOS or CXEO alone or in combination may reduce some of the harmful effects of HS in broiler chickens.
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Varasteh S, Braber S, Akbari P, Garssen J, Fink-Gremmels J. Differences in Susceptibility to Heat Stress along the Chicken Intestine and the Protective Effects of Galacto-Oligosaccharides. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138975. [PMID: 26402906 PMCID: PMC4581695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
High ambient temperatures negatively affect the human well-being as well as animal welfare and production. The gastrointestinal tract is predominantly responsive to heat stress. The currently available information about the multifaceted response to heat stress within different parts of the intestine is limited, especially in avian species. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the heat stress-induced sequence of events in the intestines of chickens. Furthermore, the gut health-promoting effect of dietary galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) was investigated in these heat stress-exposed chickens. Chickens were fed a control diet or diet supplemented with 1% or 2.5% GOS (6 days) prior to and during a temperature challenge for 5 days (38-39°C, 8h per day). The parameters measured in different parts of the intestines included the genes (qPCR) HSF1, HSF3, HSP70, HSP90, E-cadherin, claudin-1, claudin-5, ZO-1, occludin, TLR-2, TLR-4, IL-6, IL-8, HO-1, HIF-1α) and their associated proteins HSP70, HSP90 and pan-cadherin (western blots). In addition, IL-6 and IL-8 plasma concentrations were measured by ELISA. In the jejunum, HSF3, HSP70, HSP90, E-cadherin, claudin-5, ZO-1, TLR-4, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression and HSP70 protein expression were increased after heat stress exposure and a more pronounced increase in gene expression was observed in ileum after heat stress exposure, and in addition HSF1, claudin-1 and HIF-1α mRNA levels were upregulated. Furthermore, the IL-8 plasma levels were decreased in chickens exposed to heat stress. Interestingly, the heat stress-related effects in the jejunum were prevented in chickens fed a GOS diet, while dietary GOS did not alter these effects in ileum. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the differences in susceptibility to heat stress along the intestine, where the most obvious modification in gene expression is observed in ileum, while dietary GOS only prevent the heat stress-related changes in jejunum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Varasteh
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peyman Akbari
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Fink-Gremmels
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Zhang J, Hu Z, Lu C, Bai K, Zhang L, Wang T. Effect of various levels of dietary curcumin on meat quality and antioxidant profile of breast muscle in broilers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3880-3886. [PMID: 25823972 DOI: 10.1021/jf505889b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of curcumin on meat quality and antioxidant profile of breast muscle in broilers. In experiment 1, birds were fed basal diet with an additional 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg curcumin, respectively. The results showed that dietary curcumin significantly increased the redness values of meat, catalase activity, and ABTS radical scavenging activity and decreased drip loss at 48 h. In experiment 2, birds reared under heat stress were assigned to similar treatments as experiment 1. Significant differences in the redox status of breast muscle were observed between the control and heat stress groups. The various levels of curcumin significantly prevented reactive oxygen species overproduction, enhanced the antioxidant defense system, and alleviated the abnormal change of antioxidant-related gene expression of muscle in heat-stressed birds. It was concluded that curcumin, as a potential antioxidant, improved meat quality and oxidant stability of muscle in broilers, whereas the inclusion of 50 and 100 mg/kg would be more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6 Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6 Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhui Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6 Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiwen Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6 Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6 Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6 Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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Zhang JF, Hu ZP, Lu CH, Yang MX, Zhang LL, Wang T. Dietary curcumin supplementation protects against heat-stress-impaired growth performance of broilers possibly through a mitochondrial pathway1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:1656-65. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Wilsterman K, Mast AD, Luu TH, Haussmann MF. The timing of embryonic exposure to elevated temperature alters stress endocrinology in domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 212:10-6. [PMID: 25623149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of glucocorticoid (GC) release in response to stimuli vary both among individuals and within individuals across their lifetime. While much work has focused on how the prenatal steroid environment can affect GC release, relatively little is known about how environmental parameters, such as incubation temperature affect GCs. We tested the hypothesis that variation and timing of elevated incubation temperature within the thermoneutral zone can alter the pattern of GC release. We incubated domestic chicken eggs (Gallus domesticus) at the optimal incubation temperature (37.5 °C) or at a slightly higher temperature (+1.1 °C) either early, late, or throughout incubation. At three weeks post-hatch, all birds were (i) exposed to a capture-restraint stress to measure stress-induced GC release (naïve). Three days following the naïve stressor, birds were (ii) exposed to a heat challenge, which was followed the next day by a second capture-restraint stress (post-heat challenge). Regardless of treatment, birds had similar patterns of GC release following the naïve stress series. However, during the post-heat challenge stress series, birds incubated at optimal temperatures increased their peak GC release. In contrast, birds exposed to slightly elevated temperatures for any period of development failed to increase peak GC release, and their specific response varied with timing of exposure to the elevated incubation temperature. Our results demonstrate that subtle variation in the embryonic environment, such as elevated incubation temperature within the thermoneutral zone, can impact the pattern of GC release of offspring. Further work is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these changes and the relationship between fitness and environmentally-altered phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew D Mast
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Thuyvan H Luu
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Mark F Haussmann
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA.
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Cottrell JJ, Liu F, Hung AT, DiGiacomo K, Chauhan SS, Leury BJ, Furness JB, Celi P, Dunshea FR. Nutritional strategies to alleviate heat stress in pigs. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/an15255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pigs are comparatively less heat tolerant than other species of production animals, which poses challenges for stock productivity and management during seasonal heat waves that occur in summer. The issues surrounding heat and pig production are predicted to increase, based on the actions of climate change increasing the intensity, frequency and duration of heat waves. Furthermore, future growth areas of pig production are going to be in tropical regions such as South-east Asia and Latin America. Efforts by the pig to dissipate excess body heat come at a cost to health and divert energy away from growth, compromising efficient pig production. Management of heat stress requires multiple strategies, and recent research is improving the understanding of the application of nutritional strategies to ameliorate the effects of heat stress. In particular the use of feed additives is an important, flexible and economical method to alleviate heat stress and the intensive nature of pig production lends itself to the use of additives. Some specific examples include antioxidants, betaine and chromium, which have been proved effective or being tested in mitigating some certain impacts of heat stress in pigs. The aim of this review is to summarise recent advances in the nutritional management of heat stress in pigs.
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Santos RR, Awati A, Roubos-van den Hil PJ, Tersteeg-Zijderveld MHG, Koolmees PA, Fink-Gremmels J. Quantitative histo-morphometric analysis of heat-stress-related damage in the small intestines of broiler chickens. Avian Pathol 2014; 44:19-22. [PMID: 25410755 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2014.988122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current research was to present a methodological approach allowing reproducible morphometric and morphological (Chiu/Park scale) analyses of the alterations in the intestines of broilers exposed to heat stress. Ross broilers were exposed over four consecutive days to a high-temperature regime in controlled climate rooms, with a day temperature of 39°C (±1°C) and a night temperature of 25°C (±1°C), respectively. A control group was kept at an ambient temperature of 25°C (±1°C) during the entire experimental period. At the end of the exposure period, the birds were sacrificed and specimens were taken of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum for histology. Blood was collected for oxidative stress analysis. Histo-morphological and morphometric analyses of the intestines indicated that the duodenum and jejunum showed more damage than the ileum. The major alterations in the control intestines were limited to the villus tips, while heat stress led to villus denudation and crypt damage. When compared with morphologically normal villi, heat-stress-associated alterations were also observed in villus height (decreased), villus breadth at base (increased) and epithelial cell area (decreased). Birds exposed to heat stress presented with an increase in glutathione peroxidase activity and a decreased antioxidant capacity. It can be concluded that the chosen model allows a reproducible quantification of heat stress effects, which is suitable for the evaluation of dietary intervention strategies to combat heat stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regiane R Santos
- a Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands
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47
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Hao Y, Gu X. Effects of heat shock protein 90 expression on pectoralis major oxidation in broilers exposed to acute heat stress. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2709-17. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-03993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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48
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Zhao FQ, Zhang ZW, Qu JP, Yao HD, Li M, Li S, Xu SW. Cold stress induces antioxidants and Hsps in chicken immune organs. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:635-48. [PMID: 24390730 PMCID: PMC4147078 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cold stress on oxidative indexes, immune function, and the expression levels of heat shock protein (Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60, Hsp40, and Hsp27) in immune organs of chickens. Two hundred forty 15-day-old male chickens were randomly divided into 12 groups and kept under the temperature of (12 ± 1) °C for acute and chronic cold stress. There were one control group and five treatment groups for acute cold stress and three control groups and three treatment groups for chronic cold stress. The results showed that cold stress influence the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the immune organs. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px were first increased then decreased, and activity of total antioxidation capacity (T-AOC) was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) at the acute cold stress in chicks; however, T-AOC activities were significantly increased (P < 0.05) at the chronic cold stress in these tissues. Cold stress induced higher level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in chicken immune organs. In addition, the cytokine contents were increased in cold stress groups. As one protective factor, the expression levels of Hsps were increased significantly (P < 0.05) in both cold stress groups. These results suggested that cold stress induced the oxidative stress in the three tissues and influenced immune function of chicks. Higher expression of Hsps (Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60, Hsp40, and Hsp27) may play a role in protecting immune organs against cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Qing Zhao
- />Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi Wei Zhang
- />Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Ping Qu
- />Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Dong Yao
- />Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- />Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Li
- />Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People’s Republic of China
- />College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi Wen Xu
- />Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People’s Republic of China
- />College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People’s Republic of China
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49
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Chen Z, Xie J, Wang B, Tang J. Effect of γ-aminobutyric acid on digestive enzymes, absorption function, and immune function of intestinal mucosa in heat-stressed chicken. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2490-500. [PMID: 25085934 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the effect of dietary γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on digestive enzyme activity, absorption function and immune function of intestinal mucosa in heat-stressed Wenchang chicken were studied. One-day-old male Wenchang chickens were randomly divided into a control group (CK), heat stress group (HS), and GABA+HS group. The chickens from the GABA+HS group were administered with 0.2 mL of GABA solution daily. Chickens from HS and GABA+HS groups were subjected to heat stress treatment at 40 ± 0.5°C for 2 h during 1300 to 1500 h every day. Blood was drawn and 0.5 cm-long duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected from the chickens on d 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, and 15. Results showed that the activity of Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, maltase, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase, the contents of secretory IgA, glutathione, and d-xylose, and the number of lymphocytes in HS group were significantly lower than those in the CK group. Among them, some were rescued after the treatment of GABA as the time extension. For maltase, d-xylose, alkaline phosphatase, and Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, it required 5 to 7 d for achieving the significant effect. For sucrase, 12 d for the alleviation effect was required. In the case of other parameters, no alleviation was observed during the whole period of the study. We have concluded that HS can inhibit the activity of digestive enzymes and reduce absorption and immune functions of intestinal mucosa. γ-Aminobutyric acid can effectively alleviate these inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - J Xie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - B Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - J Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
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Hassanpour H, Afzali A, Bahadoran S. Diminished gene expression of cardiac heat shock proteins in pulmonary hypertensive chickens. Br Poult Sci 2013; 54:581-6. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2013.828151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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