1
|
Dayan J, Melkman-Zehavi T, Goldman N, Soglia F, Zampiga M, Petracci M, Sirri F, Braun U, Inhuber V, Halevy O, Uni Z. In-ovo feeding with creatine monohydrate: implications for chicken energy reserves and breast muscle development during the pre-post hatching period. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1296342. [PMID: 38156069 PMCID: PMC10752974 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1296342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The most dynamic period throughout the lifespan of broiler chickens is the pre-post-hatching period, entailing profound effects on their energy status, survival rate, body weight, and muscle growth. Given the significance of this pivotal period, we evaluated the effect of in-ovo feeding (IOF) with creatine monohydrate on late-term embryos' and hatchlings' energy reserves and post-hatch breast muscle development. The results demonstrate that IOF with creatine elevates the levels of high-energy-value molecules (creatine and glycogen) in the liver, breast muscle and yolk sac tissues 48 h post IOF, on embryonic day 19 (p < 0.03). Despite this evidence, using a novel automated image analysis tool on day 14 post-hatch, we found a significantly higher number of myofibers with lower diameter and area in the IOF creatine group compared to the control and IOF NaCl groups (p < 0.004). Gene expression analysis, at hatch, revealed that IOF creatine group had significantly higher expression levels of myogenin (MYOG) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), related to differentiation of myogenic cells (p < 0.01), and lower expression of myogenic differentiation protein 1 (MyoD), related to their proliferation (p < 0.04). These results imply a possible effect of IOF with creatine on breast muscle development through differential expression of genes involved in myogenic proliferation and differentiation. The findings provide valuable insights into the potential of pre-hatch enrichment with creatine in modulating post-hatch muscle growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Dayan
- Department of Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Melkman-Zehavi
- Department of Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noam Goldman
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Francesca Soglia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Marco Zampiga
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Petracci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Federico Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | | | | | - Orna Halevy
- Department of Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zehava Uni
- Department of Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Coulibaly F, Onbaşılar EE, Bakır B, Sarıçam İnce S. The effects of using UV light instead of formaldehyde in disinfection of hatching eggs on shell microbial load, embryo development, hatchability, and chick characteristics. Int J Environ Health Res 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37902059 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2276361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of using UV light instead of formaldehyde in disinfection of hatching eggs on the microbial load, shell and yolk compositions, embryo development, hatching results and chick characteristics. 552 hatching eggs were divided into formaldehyde fumigation and disinfection with UV groups. After disinfection, bacteriological growth was not observed in groups. While the difference between the groups in terms of hatching results was insignificant, it was determined that the incubation period in the UV group was shorter than that of formaldehyde group. On the hatching day, relative chick weight and weight of bursa Fabricus were found to be higher in the UV group . UV light can be used as an alternative to formaldehyde as disinfection of hatching eggs because it is easy to use and does not cause any negative effects on egg shell structure, embryo development, hatching results and chick characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frantogoma Coulibaly
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esin Ebru Onbaşılar
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Buket Bakır
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Seyyide Sarıçam İnce
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kuzmina IV. The yolk sac as the main organ in the early stages of animal embryonic development. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1185286. [PMID: 37284546 PMCID: PMC10239796 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1185286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
|
4
|
Kpodo KR, Proszkowiec-Weglarz M. Physiological effects of in ovo delivery of bioactive substances in broiler chickens. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1124007. [PMID: 37008350 PMCID: PMC10060894 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1124007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry has improved genetics, nutrition, and management practices, resulting in fast-growing chickens; however, disturbances during embryonic development may affect the entire production cycle and cause irreversible losses to broiler chicken producers. The most crucial time in the chicks' development appears to be the perinatal period, which encompasses the last few days of pre-hatch and the first few days of post-hatch. During this critical period, intestinal development occurs rapidly, and the chicks undergo a metabolic and physiological shift from the utilization of egg nutrients to exogenous feed. However, the nutrient reserve of the egg yolk may not be enough to sustain the late stage of embryonic development and provide energy for the hatching process. In addition, modern hatchery practices cause a delay in access to feed immediately post-hatch, and this can potentially affect the intestinal microbiome, health, development, and growth of the chickens. Development of the in ovo technology allowing for the delivery of bioactive substances into chicken embryos during their development represents a way to accommodate the perinatal period, late embryo development, and post-hatch growth. Many bioactive substances have been delivered through the in ovo technology, including carbohydrates, amino acids, hormones, prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, antibodies, immunostimulants, minerals, and microorganisms with a variety of physiological effects. In this review, we focused on the physiological effects of the in ovo delivery of these substances, including their effects on embryo development, gastrointestinal tract function and health, nutrient digestion, immune system development and function, bone development, overall growth performance, muscle development and meat quality, gastrointestinal tract microbiota development, heat stress response, pathogens exclusion, and birds metabolism, as well as transcriptome and proteome. We believe that this method is widely underestimated and underused by the poultry industry.
Collapse
|
5
|
Dayan J, Melkman-Zehavi T, Reicher N, Braun U, Inhuber V, Mabjeesh SJ, Halevy O, Uni Z. Supply and demand of creatine and glycogen in broiler chicken embryos. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1079638. [PMID: 36760526 PMCID: PMC9902709 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1079638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimal embryonic development and growth of meat-type chickens (broilers) rely on incubation conditions (oxygen, heat, and humidity), on nutrients and on energy resources within the egg. Throughout incubation and according to the embryo's energy balance, the main energy storage molecules (creatine and glycogen) are continuously utilized and synthesized, mainly in the embryonic liver, breast muscle, and the extraembryonic yolk sac (YS) tissue. During the last phase of incubation, as the embryo nears hatching, dynamic changes in energy metabolism occur. These changes may affect embryonic survival, hatchlings' uniformity, quality and post hatch performance of broilers, hence, being of great importance to poultry production. Here, we followed the dynamics of creatine and glycogen from embryonic day (E) 11 until hatch and up to chick placement at the farm. We showed that creatine is stored mainly in the breast muscle while glycogen is stored mainly in the YS tissue. Analysis of creatine synthesis genes revealed their expression in the liver, kidney, YS tissue and in the breast muscle, suggesting a full synthesis capacity in these tissues. Expression analysis of genes involved in gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, and glycogenolysis, revealed that glycogen metabolism is most active in the liver. Nevertheless, due to the relatively large size of the breast muscle and YS tissue, their contribution to glycogen metabolism in embryos is valuable. Towards hatch, post E19, creatine levels in all tissues increased while glycogen levels dramatically decreased and reached low levels at hatch and at chick placement. This proves the utmost importance of creatine in energy supply to late-term embryos and hatchlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Dayan
- Department of Animal Science, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Melkman-Zehavi
- Department of Animal Science, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Naama Reicher
- Department of Animal Science, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Sameer J. Mabjeesh
- Department of Animal Science, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orna Halevy
- Department of Animal Science, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zehava Uni
- Department of Animal Science, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel,*Correspondence: Zehava Uni,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Konno N. Simultaneous activation of genes encoding urea cycle enzymes and gluconeogenetic enzymes coincides with a corticosterone surge period before metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis. Dev Growth Differ 2023; 65:6-15. [PMID: 36527293 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Amphibian tadpoles are postulated to excrete ammonia as nitrogen metabolites but to shift from ammonotelism to ureotelism during metamorphosis. However, it is unknown whether ureagenesis occurs or plays a functional role before metamorphosis. Here, the mRNA-expression levels of two urea cycle enzymes (carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I [CPSI] and ornithine transcarbamylase [OTC]) were measured beginning with stage-47 Xenopus tadpoles at 5 days post-fertilization (dpf), between the onset of feeding (stage 45, 4 dpf) and metamorphosis (stage 55, 32 dpf). CPSI and OTC expression levels increased significantly from stage 49 (12 dpf). Urea excretion was also detected at stage 47. A transient corticosterone surge peaking at stage 48 was previously reported, supporting the hypothesis that corticosterone can induce CPSI expression in tadpoles, as found in adult frogs and mammals. Stage-46 tadpoles were exposed to a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (Dex, 10-500 nM) for 3 days. CPSI mRNA expression was significantly higher in tadpoles exposed to Dex than in tadpoles exposed to the vehicle control. Furthermore, glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression increased during the pre-metamorphic period. In addition to CPSI and OTC mRNA upregulation, the expression levels of three gluconeogenic enzyme genes (glucose 6-phosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1) increased with the onset of urea synthesis and excretion. These results suggest that simultaneous induction of the urea cycle and gluconeogenic enzymes coincided with a corticosterone surge occurring prior to metamorphosis. These metabolic changes preceding metamorphosis may be closely related to the onset of feeding and nutrient accumulation required for metamorphosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi Konno
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jin J, Zhou Q, Lan F, Li J, Yang N, Sun C. Microbial composition of egg component and its association with hatchability of laying hens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:943097. [PMID: 36338054 PMCID: PMC9632351 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.943097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The internal quality of eggs is critical for human consumption and embryonic development. However, microorganisms inside eggs have not been thoroughly investigated for their roles in determining the egg's internal quality. Here, a total of 21 hens were selected from more than 1,000 chickens based on their hatching results and were divided into high- and low-hatchability groups. Then, we collected 72 eggs from these 21 hens to obtain egg whites and yolks, including 54 fresh eggs and 18 eggs after 12 days of incubation. We characterized the microbial composition of egg yolks and whites, the microbial change along incubation, and differences in microbial abundance between the high- and low-hatchability groups. The results indicated that egg whites are not sterile. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in egg yolk and white. There was a large difference in the microbial composition between egg whites and yolks, and this difference increased after 12 days of incubation. Egg whites have lower microbial diversity than egg yolks owing to the presence of antibacterial substances such as lysozyme in the egg white. After a 12-day incubation, the microbial diversity decreased in egg whites but increased slightly in egg yolks. Meanwhile, the microbes in egg white can migrate to egg yolk during incubation. Additionally, Genus Muribaculaceae was identified as a biomarker in egg yolks incubated for 12 days and was more often detected in healthy groups. On the contrary, more genus Rothia were found in the fresh egg yolk of the low hatchability groups and was considered to have low virulence. These findings shed light on the composition and differences in microbiota between egg yolks and whites and may open new avenues for studying embryonic development in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Congjiao Sun
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dang DX, Zhou H, Lou Y, Liu X, Li D. Development of breast muscle parameters, glycogen reserves, and myogenic gene expression in goslings during pre- and post-hatching periods. Front Physiol 2022; 13:990715. [PMID: 36176777 PMCID: PMC9513458 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.990715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to better understand the development patterns of breast muscle and glycogen reserves in goslings during pre- and post-hatching periods. The timepoints for sampling were embryonic days 23 and 27 of hatching and days 1, 4, and 7 post hatching. We found that the body weight of goslings increased with age. The small intestine developed with age and remained reasonably constant on day 4 post hatching. The breast muscle development decreased with age and stayed relatively stable on day 1 post hatching. The diameter of myofiber increased prior to hatching and then decreased while hatching. The development patterns of breast muscle glycogen reserves were similar to the diameter of myofiber. In contrast, the contents of liver glycogen began to decrease before hatching and then increased rapidly after hatching. Moreover, the expression of Myf-5 increased with age. The expression of MSTN was maintained at high levels prior to hatching, dropped immediately after hatching, and then gradually increased with age. Additionally, we also observed that the glycogen content in the breast muscle was positively correlated with the diameter of the myofiber. The liver glycogen content was positively correlated to the relative weight of the breast muscle, the diameter of the myofiber, and the breast muscle glycogen content. The development pattern of the myofiber was synchronized with the change in the MSTN/Myf-5 ratio. This study provided a profile to understand the development patterns of breast muscle, glycogen reserves, and myogenic gene expression in goslings, which was beneficial to understanding the characteristics of energy reserves during the early life of goslings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De Xin Dang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Haizhu Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujie Lou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Liu, ; Desheng Li,
| | - Desheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Liu, ; Desheng Li,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
1. A study was conducted to evaluate the developmental changes of protein and free amino acid concentrations in amniotic, allantoic fluids and yolk during the incubation period of broiler eggs.2. A total of 120 Cobb 500 fertile eggs were individually weighed and then placed in incubator. On incubation day: 8, 11, 13, 14, 16, and/or 18, amniotic, allantoic fluids and yolk were collected from 20 eggs for analysis of protein content and free α-amino acid concentration in allantoic and amniotic fluids and yolk.3. The total protein concentration in amniotic fluid increased from d 11 of incubation, and reached a peak at d 16 (69.85 g/l; P<0.01), then declined at d 18 (P<0.05). The total protein concentration in allantoic fluid increased with age of the embryo (P<0.01). Crude protein concentration in yolk decreased (P<0.05) from d 0 to 8, then increased gradually from d 8, and reached a peak at d 16 (P<0.05). The concentration of most free amino acids in amniotic and allantoic fluids and yolk was related to embryo weight. Amniotic fluid amino acids gradually increased from d 13 to 18, with arginine being the most abundant at d 11 and 14. Glutamate was the most predominant amniotic fluid amino acid at d 16 and 18. From d 13 to 18, the concentrations of most α-amino acids in allantoic fluid increased, and reached a peak at d 18 (aspartate, 373 μmol/l; asparagine, 519 μmol/l; glutamine, 1230 μmol/l; threonine, 537 μmol/l; citrulline, 112 μmol/l; arginine, 2747 μmol/l; alanine, 276 μmol/l; tyrosine, 330 μmol/l; tryptophan, 212 μmol/l; valine, 140 μmol/l; phenylalanine, 102 μmol/l; isoleucine, 92.39 μmol/l; lysine, 1088 μmol/l; P<0.05). Glutamine was the second most abundant amino acid in allantoic fluid at d 13 and 18. Glutamate was the most abundant α-amino acids at d 8, and 13 in the yolk.4. These results demonstrated that the concentration of free α-amino acids in chicken embryo fluid was related to embryo weight. Arginine, glutamine and glutamate were abundant free α-amino acid in chicken embryo fluid, to support the higher rates of tissue protein synthesis and growth for the embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China 430023
| | - Junjie Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China 430023
| | - Hui Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China 430023
| | - Dianchao Gu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China 430023
| | - Dan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China 430023
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China 430023
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu C, Zheng W, Zhu L, Tong Q, Li D. Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on chicken eggs during the early and late incubation periods. Animal 2022; 16:100499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
11
|
Petit A, Réhault-Godbert S, Nadal-Desbarats L, Cailleau-Audouin E, Chartrin P, Raynaud E, Jimenez J, Tesseraud S, Berri C, Le Bihan-Duval E, Métayer-Coustard S. Nutrient sources differ in the fertilised eggs of two divergent broiler lines selected for meat ultimate pH. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5533. [PMID: 35365762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pHu+ and pHu− lines, which were selected based on the ultimate pH (pHu) of the breast muscle, represent a unique model to study the genetic and physiological controls of muscle energy store in relation with meat quality in chicken. Indeed, pHu+ and pHu− chicks show differences in protein and energy metabolism soon after hatching, associated with a different ability to use energy sources in the muscle. The present study aimed to assess the extent to which the nutritional environment of the embryo might contribute to the metabolic differences observed between the two lines at hatching. Just before incubation (E0), the egg yolk of pHu+ exhibited a higher lipid percentage compared to the pHu− line (32.9% vs. 27.7%). Although 1H-NMR spectroscopy showed clear changes in egg yolk composition between E0 and E10, there was no line effect. In contrast, 1H-NMR analysis performed on amniotic fluid at embryonic day 10 (E10) clearly discriminated the two lines. The amniotic fluid of pHu+ was richer in leucine, isoleucine, 2-oxoisocaproate, citrate and glucose, while choline and inosine were more abundant in the pHu− line. Our results highlight quantitative and qualitative differences in metabolites and nutrients potentially available to developing embryos, which could contribute to metabolic and developmental differences observed after hatching between the pHu+ and pHu− lines.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bai SP, Gao W, Yuan T, Ma XY, He LJ, Huang L, Wei S, Liu C, Wang WC, Yang L, Zhu YW. Change of zinc mobilization and gene expression of key zinc transport proteins between the yolk sac membrane and liver of duck embryonic developing. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101562. [PMID: 34823184 PMCID: PMC8626674 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deposition in egg yolk is essential for the rapid growth and complete development of the avian embryo. Thus, it is crucial to obtain maximal Zn mobilization at an appropriate time during development in favor of the survival of avian embryos. The aim of this study was to study the developmental change of Zn mobilization and gene expression related to key Zn transport proteins between the yolk sac membrane and embryonic liver from the incubation d 17 (E17) to d 32 (E32) during duck embryonic developing. The weights of duck embryo, embryo without yolk sac, and embryonic liver increased as well as the yolk sac weight decreased linearly (P < 0.0001) when incubation day increased. The Zn concentration in the yolk sac did not change from E17 to E29 and only declined significantly from E29 to E32 of duck embryos, while hepatic Zn level decreased linearly as with the increased incubation time (P < 0.01). When the incubation day increased, the decreased Zn amount in the yolk sac and the increased Zn amount in the embryonic liver were observed (P < 0.0001). The calculated transfer-out rate of Zn in the yolk sac and transfer-in rate of Zn in livers were both increased from E23-26 to E29-32 (P < 0.01). Among E17, E23 and E29, the solute carrier family 39 member (ZIP) of ZIP10, ZIP13, and ZIP14 genes mRNA expressions were increased in yolk sac membrane but were decreased in the embryonic liver, while metallothionein 1 mRNA expression was increased both in the yolk sac membrane and liver (P < 0.05). In conclusion, yolk sac membrane and embryonic liver tissues displayed the similar developmental patterns of Zn mobilization and metallothionein 1 mRNA expression from E17 to E32 during duck embryonic developing. The appropriate time of the maximal rate of Zn mobilization were observed between E29 and E32 of duck embryo, associated with the significant changes of gene expression related to some key Zn transport proteins on E29 in yolk sac membrane and liver tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S P Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - W Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - T Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Y Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
| | - L J He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Wei
- Wens Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - C Liu
- Wens Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - W C Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y W Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tung CT, Lin HJ, Lin CW, Mersmann HJ, Ding ST. The role of dynamin in absorbing lipids into endodermal epithelial cells of yolk sac membranes during embryonic development in Japanese quail. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101470. [PMID: 34624771 PMCID: PMC8503669 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endodermal epithelial cells (EECs) within the yolk sac membrane (YSM) of avian embryos are responsible for the absorption and utilization of lipids. The lipids in the yolk are mostly composed of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), uptake mainly depends on clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). The CME relies on vesicle formation through the regulation of dynamin (DNM). However, it is still unclear whether DNMs participate in avian embryonic development. We examined mRNA expression levels of several genes involved in lipid transportation and utilization in YSM during Japanese quail embryonic development using qPCR. The mRNA levels of DNM1 and DNM3 were elevated at incubation d 8 and 10 before the increase of SOAT1, CIDEA, CIDEC, and APOB mRNA's. The elevated gene expression suggested the increased demand for DNM activity might be prior to cholesteryl ester production, lipid storage, and VLDL transport. Hinted by the result, we further investigated the role of DNMs in the embryonic development of Japanese quail. A DNM inhibitor, dynasore, was injected into fertilized eggs at incubation d 3. At incubation d 10, the dynasore-injected embryo showed increased embryonic lethality compared to control groups. Thus, the activity of DNMs was essential for the embryonic development of Japanese quail. The activities of DNMs were also verified by the absorptions of fluorescent VLDL (DiI-yVLDL) in EECs. Fluorescent signals in EECs were decreased significantly after treatment with dynasore. Finally, EECs were pretreated with S-Nitroso-L-glutathione (GSNO), a DNM activator, for 30 min; this increased the uptake of DiI-yVLDL. In conclusion, DNMs serve a critical role in mediating lipid absorption in YSM. The activity of DNMs was an integral part of development in Japanese quail. Our results suggest enhancing lipid transportation through an increase of DNM activity may improve avian embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ting Tung
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Han-Jen Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chiao-Wei Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Harry John Mersmann
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Torng Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan, R.O.C..
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhu Y, Zhao J, Wang C, Zhang F, Huang X, Ren Z, Yang X, Liu Y, Yang X. Exploring the effectiveness of in ovo feeding of vitamin C based on the embryonic vitamin C synthesis and absorption in broiler chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:86. [PMID: 34340712 PMCID: PMC8330104 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00607-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many researches about in ovo feeding (IOF) of vitamin C (VC) are gradually carried out to explore physiological development in chicken, but little studies focus on VC synthesis capacity of the embryo itself, the selection of injection site and the effectiveness of IOF of VC. This study aims to explore the above problems. RESULTS Kidney and yolk sac were the main organs for VC synthesis and L-gulonolactone oxidase (GLO) expression was lower during pre-hatch development than that during post-hatch development. Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (SVCT1) expression was increased continuously in yolk sac from embryonic age 19 (E19) to post-hatch day 1 (D1) and in intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) from E17 to D1. Plasma VC content was higher at D1 than that at D21 and D42. IOF of VC significantly reduced GLO expression in liver, kidney and yolk sac as well as SVCT1 expression in duodenum, jejunum and ileum, but increased the VC content in plasma, brain, kidney and liver. In addition, IOF of VC obviously reduced the embryonic morality and increased the hatchability under heat stress. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that IOF of VC at E11 in yolk was effective for embryonic VC supplementation. These findings provide a theoretical reference about the method of embryonic VC supplementation and effective methodology on embryonic VC nutrition in broiler chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Jianfei Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Chenxu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Fei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Xinhuo Huang
- Nano Vitamin Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Zhouzheng Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Meng Y, Qiu N, Mine Y, Keast R. Comparative Lipidomics of Chick Yolk Sac during the Embryogenesis Provides Insight into Understanding the Development-Related Lipid Supply. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:7467-7477. [PMID: 34159787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Yolk sac (YS, include the yolk content) at different chick embryogenesis stages possesses varying lipid distributions, which are nutrition-influencing factors for the health of an early embryo and a later adult. YS lipids can substantially influence embryogenesis metabolism, but a comprehensive understanding of lipid's influence remains unknown. Herein, the effects of embryogenesis on lipid profiling of chick YS were investigated by UHPLC-MS/MS-based lipidomics. A total of 2231 lipid species across 57 subclasses were identified in the YS, and 1011 lipids were significantly different (P < 0.05) at the incubation days of 0, 7, 13, and 18. Specifically, phosphocholine and phosphatidylglycerol in late-stage embryogenesis potentially assist with prehatching gas exchange and infection resistance in the environment after lung respiration. In addition, the accumulated lysophosphatidylcholine at day 18 may induce apoptosis and disturb the membrane structure of YS to enable better absorption by the embryo abdomen. The decreased cardiolipin in late embryogenesis may be due to transportation to the embryo and integration into the mitochondrial membrane to accelerate energy metabolism for the rapidly developing embryo after day 13. Therefore, this study demonstrated the lipid profile alteration of the developing YS, providing theoretical guidance for researching the developmental origins of health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ning Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yoshinori Mine
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Russell Keast
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Meijerink N, de Oliveira JE, van Haarlem DA, Hosotani G, Lamot DM, Stegeman JA, Rutten VPMG, Jansen CA. Glucose Oligosaccharide and Long-Chain Glucomannan Feed Additives Induce Enhanced Activation of Intraepithelial NK Cells and Relative Abundance of Commensal Lactic Acid Bacteria in Broiler Chickens. Vet Sci 2021; 8:110. [PMID: 34204778 PMCID: PMC8231533 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8060110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Restrictions on the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry stimulate the development of alternative nutritional solutions to maintain or improve poultry health. This requires more insight in the modulatory effects of feed additives on the immune system and microbiota composition. Compounds known to influence the innate immune system and microbiota composition were selected and screened in vitro, in ovo, and in vivo. Among all compounds, 57 enhanced NK cell activation, 56 increased phagocytosis, and 22 increased NO production of the macrophage cell line HD11 in vitro. Based on these results, availability and regulatory status, six compounds were selected for further analysis. None of these compounds showed negative effects on growth, hatchability, and feed conversion in in ovo and in vivo studies. Based on the most interesting numerical results and highest future potential feasibility, two compounds were analyzed further. Administration of glucose oligosaccharide and long-chain glucomannan in vivo both enhanced activation of intraepithelial NK cells and led to increased relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) amongst ileum and ceca microbiota after seven days of supplementation. Positive correlations between NK cell subsets and activation, and relative abundance of LAB suggest the involvement of microbiota in the modulation of the function of intraepithelial NK cells. This study identifies glucose oligosaccharide and long-chain glucomannan supplementation as effective nutritional strategies to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and strengthen the intraepithelial innate immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Meijerink
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.M.); (D.A.v.H.); (V.P.M.G.R.)
| | | | - Daphne A. van Haarlem
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.M.); (D.A.v.H.); (V.P.M.G.R.)
| | - Guilherme Hosotani
- Cargill R&D Center Europe, B-1800 Vilvoorde, Belgium; (J.E.d.O.); (G.H.)
| | - David M. Lamot
- Cargill Animal Nutrition and Health Innovation Center, 5334 LD Velddriel, The Netherlands;
| | - J. Arjan Stegeman
- Department Population Health Sciences, Division Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Victor P. M. G. Rutten
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.M.); (D.A.v.H.); (V.P.M.G.R.)
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Christine A. Jansen
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.M.); (D.A.v.H.); (V.P.M.G.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li F, Ning H, Duan X, Chen Z, Xu L. Effect of dietary l-arginine of broiler breeder hens on embryonic development, apparent metabolism, and immunity of offspring. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 74:106537. [PMID: 32891986 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of supplemented l-arginine (l-Arg) in broiler breeder hens' diets on the embryonic development and physiological changes of offspring during the hatching period. A total of 480 35-wk-old healthy female Arbor Acres broiler breeders were randomly divided into 6 groups and fed a corn and soybean meal diet with 6 digestible Arg levels (0.96%, 1.16%, 1.35%, 1.55%, 1.74%, and 1.93%). After a 10-wk experiment, eggs were collected for incubation. At embryonic day (E) 11 to E21, eggs, embryos, and organs (liver, breast muscle, and thigh muscle) were weighed. Total protein, urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, and triglyceride in plasma, were measured. Plasma level of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were measured at E13, E17, and E21. Messenger RNA expression of carbamoyl phosphate synthase I (CPS1), ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), and argininosuccinate synthase (ASS) in liver and breast muscle tissues was assessed at E13, E17, and E21. The results showed that 1.16% Arg in maternal diet increased egg weight (P < 0.05). The level of Arg in maternal diet has a significant effect on organ index and embryo weight of multiple embryonic days (P < 0.05). Embryonic plasma total protein concentration was significantly affected by maternal dietary Arg level (P < 0.05) and exhibited quadratic responses at E11, E15, E17, and E21 (P < 0.01). Plasma urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglyceride, and cholesterol level were also significantly affected by the level of maternal Arg at different embryonic ages (P < 0.05). Dietary digestible Arg levels quadratically influenced plasma urea nitrogen level at E21 (P < 0.05) and cholesterol concentration at E17 and E19 (P < 0.01). L-Arg supplementation in maternal diet significantly improved the IgG level at E17 and E21 (1.16%, 1.35%, 1.55%, and 1.74%; P < 0.05), the IgM level at E13 (1.35%, 1.55%, 1.74%, and 1.93%) and E17 (P < 0.05) and the NOS level at E13, E17, and E21 (P < 0.05). Maternal dietary L-Arg supplementation significantly improved the expression of CPS1 gene, OTC gene (1.16%, 1.35%, and 1.55%), and ASS gene (1.35% and 1.55%) in the liver (P < 0.05), and also enhanced the CPS1 gene (except 1.35%) and OTC gene (1.55% and 1.74%) expression in the breast muscle (P < 0.05). In conclusion, maternal Arg level affected the embryonic development of offspring and regulated the apparent metabolic programming and immunity state of the embryo. Arginine level of 1.55% in hens' diet was beneficial to the protein synthesis and immunity of the offspring in the embryonic period, and it was recommended to obtain healthy offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - H Ning
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - X Duan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Z Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - L Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The yolk sac (YS) consists of the yolk, which supplies nutrients, and the YS tissue, which surrounds the yolk and provides essential metabolic functions for the developing embryo. The YS tissue is derived from the midgut of the embryo and consists of a layer of endodermal epithelial cells (EEC) in contact with the yolk contents, a mesodermal layer that contains the vascular system and an outer ectodermal layer. The YS tissue is a multifunctional organ that provides essential functions such as host immunity, nutrient uptake, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and erythropoiesis. The YS tissue plays a role in immunity by the transport of maternal antibodies in the yolk to the embryonic circulation that feeds the developing embryo. In addition, the YS tissue expresses high mRNA levels of the host defense peptide, avian β-defensin 10 during mid embryogenesis. Owing to its origin, the YS EEC share some functional properties with intestinal epithelial cells such as expression of transporters for amino acids, peptides, monosaccharides, fatty acids, and minerals. The YS tissue stores glycogen and expresses enzymes for glycogen synthesis and breakdown and glucogenesis. This carbohydrate metabolism may play an important role in the hatching process. The mesodermal layer of the YS tissue is the site for erythropoiesis and provides erythrocytes before the maturation of the bone marrow. Other functions of the YS tissue involve synthesis of plasma proteins, lipid transport and cholesterol metabolism, and synthesis of thyroxine. Thus, the YS is an essential organ for the growth, development, and health of the developing embryo. This review will provide an overview of the studies that have investigated the functionalities of the YS tissue at the cellular and molecular levels with a focus on chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Wong
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061.
| | - Z Uni
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dayan J, Reicher N, Melkman-Zehavi T, Uni Z. Incubation temperature affects yolk utilization through changes in expression of yolk sac tissue functional genes. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6128-6138. [PMID: 33142531 PMCID: PMC7647798 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The yolk sac tissue (YST) is a multifunctional metabolic organ supporting chicken embryonic development. This study examined whether incubation temperatures (ITs) affect YST functions. For this purpose, 300 eggs were assigned to 3 groups and incubated at control IT of 37.8°C, at 1.5°C below, 36.3°C (cold IT), and at 1.5°C above, 39.3°C (hot IT). For each group, 6 embryos' whole body mass and residual yolk (RSY) weights were recorded during incubation, and YST was sampled for both histology and gene expression analysis. YST functionality during incubation was examined by regression analysis, comparing changes in expression patterns of genes involved in lipid uptake and metabolism (LRP2, ApoA1), oligopeptides uptake (PepT1), gluconeogenesis (FBP1), glycogenesis (GYS2), and thyroid hormones regulation (TTR, DIO1, DIO2). Results show that hot and cold ITs affected YST gene expression and yolk utilization. PepT1 expression decreased towards hatch, in both hot and cold ITs, while in the Control IT, it reached a plateau. ApoA1 and DIO2 expression showed a moderate linear fit compared to polynomial fit in the control. GYS2 expression had no change along incubation, while in the control IT, it showed a polynomial fit. Expression of LRP2, FBP1, and DIO1 genes was affected by either cold or hot IT's. TTR expression patterns were similar in all IT groups. The variations in gene expression patterns observed in the 3 ITs can explain the changes in yolk utilization, an important parameter for hatchling quality. While the control IT showed optimal utilization, with an RSY value of 11.12% at the day of hatch, the cold and hot IT groups exhibited lower utilization with an RSY value of 18.18 and 29.99%, respectively. These findings are the first to show that ITs change the expression of key YST genes, leading to variations in yolk utilization by the embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Dayan
- Department of Animal Science, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Naama Reicher
- Department of Animal Science, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tal Melkman-Zehavi
- Department of Animal Science, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Zehava Uni
- Department of Animal Science, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Massimino W, Davail S, Secula A, Andrieux C, Bernadet MD, Pioche T, Ricaud K, Gontier K, Morisson M, Collin A, Panserat S, Houssier M. Ontogeny of hepatic metabolism in mule ducks highlights different gene expression profiles between carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:742. [PMID: 33109083 PMCID: PMC7590481 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07093-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The production of foie gras involves different metabolic pathways in the liver of overfed ducks such as lipid synthesis and carbohydrates catabolism, but the establishment of these pathways has not yet been described with precision during embryogenesis. The early environment can have short- and long-term impacts on the physiology of many animal species and can be used to influence physiological responses that is called programming. This study proposes to describe the basal hepatic metabolism at the level of mRNA in mule duck embryos in order to reveal potential interesting programming windows in the context of foie gras production. To this end, a kinetic study was designed to determine the level of expression of selected genes involved in steatosis-related liver functions throughout embryogenesis. The livers of 20 mule duck embryos were collected every 4 days from the 12th day of embryogenesis (E12) until 4 days after hatching (D4), and gene expression analysis was performed. The expression levels of 50 mRNAs were quantified for these 7 sampling points and classified into 4 major cellular pathways. Results Interestingly, most mRNAs involved in lipid metabolism are overexpressed after hatching (FASN, SCD1, ACOX1), whereas genes implicated in carbohydrate metabolism (HK1, GAPDH, GLUT1) and development (HGF, IGF, FGFR2) are predominantly overexpressed from E12 to E20. Finally, regarding cellular stress, gene expression appears quite stable throughout development, contrasting with strong expression after hatching (CYP2E1, HSBP1, HSP90AA1). Conclusion For the first time we described the kinetics of hepatic ontogenesis at mRNA level in mule ducks and highlighted different expression patterns depending on the cellular pathway. These results could be particularly useful in the design of embryonic programming for the production of foie gras.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Massimino
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour, INRAE, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, F-64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Stéphane Davail
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour, INRAE, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, F-64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Aurélie Secula
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, INRAE, UMR 1225, 31076, Toulouse, France
| | - Charlotte Andrieux
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour, INRAE, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, F-64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Marie-Dominique Bernadet
- INRAE Bordeaux-Aquitaine, UEPFG (Unité Expérimentale Palmipèdes à Foie Gras), Domaine d'Artiguères 1076, route de Haut Mauco, F-40280, Benquet, France
| | - Tracy Pioche
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour, INRAE, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, F-64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Karine Ricaud
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour, INRAE, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, F-64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Karine Gontier
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour, INRAE, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, F-64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Mireille Morisson
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Anne Collin
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour, INRAE, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, F-64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Marianne Houssier
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour, INRAE, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, F-64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Givisiez PEN, Moreira Filho ALB, Santos MRB, Oliveira HB, Ferket PR, Oliveira CJB, Malheiros RD. Chicken embryo development: metabolic and morphological basis for in ovo feeding technology. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6774-6782. [PMID: 33248593 PMCID: PMC7705034 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Broiler embryonic development depends on the nutrients that are available in the egg, which includes mostly water, lipids, and proteins. Carbohydrates represent less than 1%, and free glucose only 0.3%, of the total nutrients. Considering that energy requirements increase during incubation and metabolism is shifted toward the use of glycogen stores and gluconeogenesis from amino acids, extensive muscle protein degradation in the end of incubation can compromise chick development in the initial days after hatch. Significant prehatch changes occur in embryonic metabolism to parallel the rapid embryonic development. Oral consumption of the amniotic fluid begins around 17 d of incubation and promotes rapid development of the intestinal mucosa, which is characterized by morphological changes and increased expression and activity of enzymes and transporters. Furthermore, ingested substrates are stored as nutritional reserves to be used during hatching and in the first week after hatch. At hatch, this limited-nutrient store is directed to the functional development of the gastrointestinal tract to enable assimilation of exogenous nutrients. In ovo feeding is an alternative to deliver essential nutrients to chick embryos at this critical and challenging phase. The improved nutritional status and physiological changes triggered by in ovo feeding can resonate throughout the entire rearing period with significant health and economic gains. The present review addresses the main changes in metabolism and intestinal development throughout incubation, and also addresses scientific advances, limitations and future perspectives associated with the use of in ovo feeding that has been regarded as an important technology by the poultry industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maylane R B Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, Brazil
| | - Heraldo B Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Peter R Ferket
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, NC State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - Celso J B Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, Brazil
| | - Ramon D Malheiros
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, NC State University, Raleigh, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Goes EC, Cardoso Dal Pont G, Oliveira PR, da Rocha C, Maiorka A. Effects of putrescine injection in broiler breeder eggs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:294-304. [PMID: 32954521 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing doses of putrescine injected in ovo on hatchability, intestinal morphology and pre-starter performance of broilers. For this purpose, 720 eggs from broiler breeders were separated into a negative control (no injection) and injection treatments with increasing doses of putrescine (0.05; 0.1; 0.15 and 0.2%), totalling five treatments of 144 eggs each. Eggs were distributed in a completely randomized design inside the setter and the injection of solutions occurred at 17 days of incubation. After hatch, 330 birds were housed in mixed lots following the original treatments, totalling 5 treatments of 6 replicates with 11 birds each. Six birds per treatment were weighed and euthanized by cervical dislocation to collect the liver, intestine and breast 24 hr after injection, at hatch and 24 hr after hatch. At 2 days of age, intestines were collected from 4 animals per treatment to analyse histomorphology. The effects of putrescine levels were evaluated by polynomial regression models, ANOVA and Tukey test at 5% probability. The hatchability decreased linearly in response to increased doses of putrescine. The percentage of residual yolk was lower in animals that received putrescine compared to the control. After injection, the percentage of breast increased linearly, and the percentage of intestine had a quadratic response to increased doses of putrescine. However, 24 hr after hatch, the percentage of intestine linearly decreased, and the percentage of liver linearly increased in response to increased doses of putrescine. Villus height increased quadratically, crypt depth decreased linearly, and goblet cells increased linearly in response to the putrescine dose. FI and BWG were not affected in the pre-starter phase; however, FCR increased in response to increased levels of putrescine. Due to putrescine effects on embryos, it is recommended that the doses injected in ovo not exceed 0.1%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chayane da Rocha
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alex Maiorka
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Neves DGD, Retes PL, Alves VV, Pereira RSG, Bueno YDC, Alvarenga RR, Zangeronimo MG. In ovo injection with glycerol and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I): hatchability, intestinal morphometry, performance, and carcass characteristics of broilers. Arch Anim Nutr 2020; 74:325-342. [PMID: 32362138 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2020.1747377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of in ovo injection with glycerol (GLY) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) on hatchability, biochemical parameters, intestinal morphometry, performance, and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. A total of 400 fertilised eggs were distributed into five experimental groups. The treatments were arranged as non-injected (control), saline solution injected (0.9% NaCl solution), GLY solution injected (10 nmol/ml), IGF-I solution injected (100 ng/ml), and GLY + IGF-I solution injected. At 17.5 d of incubation, 0.5 ml of each solution was injected into the amniotic fluid of each egg of the injected groups. The injection of different solutions did not influence the hatchability and incubation time of the eggs. Compared to intact eggs, IGF-I and IGF-I+ GLY increased (p < 0.01) the blood IGF-I at hatching. Higher hepatic glycogen was observed (p < 0.05) with GLY or IGF-I. The tested substances decreased (p = 0.02) the fructose 1,6-biphosfate phosphatase activity but did not affect glycaemia. No difference in performance was observed in the first week. Higher feed intake and weight gain with lower feed conversion ratio was obtained ( p < 0.05) with IGF-I at 14 d. At 21 d, higher weight gain was obtained (p = 0.05) with IGF-I, GLY, IGF-I, and GLY + IGF-I, resulting (p < 0.01) in birds with greater weight gain at 35 and 42 d of age. GLY provided higher villus height in the ileum at hatching and at 7 d of age. The tested solutions increased the relative weight of the liver at hatching. At 42 d of age, no carcass characteristics were influenced. It is concluded that GLY and IGF-I, together or separately, can be used in the in ovo feeding to improve the post-hatch performance of broilers, without affecting hatchability and carcass composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pâmela Lacombe Retes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras , Lavras, Brazil
| | - Victória Veiga Alves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras , Lavras, Brazil
| | | | - Yanka Do Couto Bueno
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras , Lavras, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
van der Wagt I, de Jong IC, Mitchell MA, Molenaar R, van den Brand H. A review on yolk sac utilization in poultry. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2162-2175. [PMID: 32241502 PMCID: PMC7587635 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During incubation, embryonic growth and development are dependent on nutrients deposited in the egg. The content of the yolk can be transferred to the embryo in 2 ways: directly into the intestine via the yolk stalk or through the highly vascularized yolk sac membrane. It has been suggested that, as a result of genetic selection and improved management, the increase in posthatch growth rate and concurrently the increase in metabolic rate of broiler chickens during the last 50 yr has also increased embryonic metabolism. A higher metabolic rate during incubation would imply a lower residual yolk weight and possibly lower energy reserve for the hatchling. This might affect posthatch development and performance. This review examined scientific publications published between 1930 and 2018 to compare residual yolk weight at hatch, metabolic heat production, and yolk utilization throughout incubation. This review aimed to investigate 1) whether or not residual yolk weight and composition has been changed during the 88-yr period considered and 2) which abiotic and biotic factors affect yolk utilization in poultry during incubation and the early posthatch period. It can be concluded that 1) residual yolk weight and the total solid amount of the residual yolk at hatch seem to be decreased in the recent decades. It cannot be concluded whether the (lack of) differences between old and modern strains are due to genetic selection, changed management and incubation conditions, or moment of sampling (immediately after hatch or at pulling). It is remarkable that with the genetic progress and improved management and incubation conditions over the last 88 yr, effects on yolk utilization efficiency and embryonic metabolic heat production are limited; 2) factors specially affecting residual yolk weight at hatch include egg size and incubation temperature, whereas breeder age has more influence on nutrient composition of the residual yolk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilonka van der Wagt
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid C de Jong
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Malcolm A Mitchell
- Animal Behaviour and Welfare, Animal and Veterinary Science Research Group, SRUC, Roslin Institute Building, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Roos Molenaar
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henry van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wilson KM, Rodrigues DR, Briggs WN, Duff AF, Chasser KM, Bottje WG, Bielke LR. Impact of in ovo administered pioneer colonizers on intestinal proteome on day of hatch. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1254-1266. [PMID: 32111303 PMCID: PMC7587751 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pioneer colonization of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) by bacteria is thought to have major influence on neonatal tissue development. Previous studies have shown in ovo inoculation of embryos with saline (S), species of Citrobacter (C, C2), or lactic acid bacteria (L) resulted in an altered microbiome on day of the hatch (DOH). The present study investigated GIT proteomic changes at DOH in relation to different inoculations. Embryos were inoculated in ovo with S or ∼102 cfu of C, C2, or L at 18 embryonic days. On DOH, the GIT was collected, and tissue proteins were extracted for analysis via tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 493 proteins were identified for differential comparison with S at P ≤ 0.10. Different levels were noted in 107, 39, and 78 proteins in C, C2, and L groups, respectively, which were uploaded to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to determine canonical pathways and biological functions related to these changes. Three members of the cytokine family (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL6, and Oncostatin M) were predicted to be activated in C2, indicated with Z-score ≥ 1.50, which suggested an overall proinflammatory GIT condition. This was consistent with the activation of the acute-phase response signaling pathway seen exclusively in C2 (Z-score = 2.00, P < 0.01). However, activation (Z-score = 2.00) of IL-13, upregulation of peroxiredoxin-1 and superoxide dismutase 1, in addition to activation of nitric oxide signaling in the cardiovascular system of the L treatment may predict a state of increased antioxidant capacity and decreased inflammatory status. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-mediated oxidative stress response (Z-score = 2.00, P < 0.01) was predicted to be upregulated in C which suggested that chicks were in an inflammatory state and associated oxidative stress, but the impact of these pathways differed from that of C2. These changes in the proteome suggest that pioneer colonizing microbiota may have a strong impact on pathways associated with GIT immune and cellular development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Wilson
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - D R Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - W N Briggs
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - A F Duff
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - K M Chasser
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - W G Bottje
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - L R Bielke
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dal Pont GC, Goes EC, da Silva KF, de Oliveira SG, da Rocha C, Miorka A. Glycerol in ovo feeding as an energy substrate improves performance of broilers from young breeders. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1453-1461. [PMID: 31318105 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Glycerol is one of the substrates used for glycogen production by the chicken embryo, which is the predominant energy source during the last days of incubation and during hatching. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in ovo feeding (IOF) of glycerol in the light and heavy broiler eggs derived from breeders of two different ages. Two experiments, with 672 eggs each, were carried out. The only difference between the experiments was breeder age: 32 weeks old in Exp. I and 60 weeks old in Exp. II. A completely randomized experimental design in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement was applied. Treatments consisted of three glycerol IOF doses (0, 6, or 12 mg/ml) and two egg weights (light or heavy). Incubation parameters, glycogen reserves and live performance parameters (1-7 days of age) were evaluated. Hatch of fertile eggs, embryo mortality after IOF and the number of early-hatching chicks were not affected by the treatments in both experiments. Hatchlings from heavy eggs (68.03 ± 0.64 g) laid by young breeders and receiving 6 mg glycerol/ml showed higher liver glycogen levels than those injected with 0 or 12 mg/ml. Glycerol IOF of embryos from young breeders increased feed intake and weight gain at 7 days of age, independently of egg weight. However, different glycerol dosages had no effect on the performance of the progeny of 60-week-old breeders. These results show that glycerol may be used as an IOF ingredient without affecting incubation parameters. The chickens from young breeders had greater glycogen deposition with inoculation of 6 mg/ml of glycerol and better performance with glycerol administration. However, glycerol IOF did not improve the performance of the progeny of 60-week-old breeders. Therefore, glycogen IOF may be recommended for eggs laid by young breeders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chayane da Rocha
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alex Miorka
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang H, Li H, Kidrick J, Wong E. Localization of cells expressing SGLT1 mRNA in the yolk sac and small intestine of broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:984-990. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
28
|
Onbaşilar EE, Erdoğan M, Erol S, Kahraman M, Güngör ÖF. Comparison of Some Relative Gene Expressions in the Yolk Sac Membrane and Small Intestine of the Embryos in the Layer Hybrid and Pure Breeds. Braz J Poult Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Erol
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock, Turkey
| | - M Kahraman
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock, Turkey
| | - ÖF Güngör
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Furukawa F, Irachi S, Koyama M, Baba O, Akimoto H, Okumura SI, Kagawa H, Uchida K. Changes in glycogen concentration and gene expression levels of glycogen-metabolizing enzymes in muscle and liver of developing masu salmon. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2018; 225:74-82. [PMID: 30017911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen, as an intracellular deposit of polysaccharide, takes important roles in energy balance of many animals. In fish, however, the role of glycogen during development is poorly understood. In the present study, we assessed changes in glycogen concentration and gene expression patterns of glycogen-metabolizing enzymes in developing masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou masou), a salmonid species inhabiting west side of North Pacific Ocean. As we measured glycogen levels in the bodies and yolk sacs containing the liver separately, the glycogen concentration increased in both parts as the fish developed, whereas it transiently decreased in the yolk sac after hatching, implying glycogen synthesis and breakdown in these tissues. Immunofluorescence staining using anti-glycogen monoclonal antibody revealed localization of glycogen in the liver, muscle and yolk syncytial layer of the pre-hatching embryos and hatched larvae. In order to estimate glycogen metabolism in the fish, the genes encoding homologs of glycogen synthase (gys1 and gys2) and glycogen phosphorylase (pygma, pygmb and pygl) were cloned, and their expression patterns were assessed by quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization. In the fish, gys1 and gys2 were robustly expressed in the muscle and liver, respectively. Also, expression of pyg isoforms was found in muscle, liver and yolk syncytial layer during hatching. With changes in glycogen concentration and expression patterns of relevant genes, our results suggest, for the first time, possible involvement of glycogen in energy balance of fish embryos, especially during hatching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Furukawa
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Shotaro Irachi
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Mugen Koyama
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Otto Baba
- Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | | | - Sei-Ichi Okumura
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Kagawa
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Uchida
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yu LL, Gao T, Zhao MM, Lv PA, Zhang L, Li JL, Jiang Y, Gao F, Zhou GH. In ovo feeding of L-arginine alters energy metabolism in post-hatch broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 97:140-148. [PMID: 29077951 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of L-arginine (Arg) on energy metabolism in post-hatch broilers. A total of 720 eggs was randomly assigned to 3 treatments: 1) non-injected control group, 2) 0.75% NaCl diluent-injected control group, and 3) 1.0% Arg solution-injected group. At 17.5 d of incubation, 0.6 mL of each solution was injected into the amniotic fluid of each egg of injected groups. After hatching, 80 male chicks were randomly assigned to each treatment group with 8 replicates per group. The results showed that IOF of Arg increased glycogen and glucose concentrations in the liver and pectoral muscle of broilers at hatch (P < 0.05). The plasma glucose and insulin levels were higher in the Arg group than in the non-injected and diluent-injected control groups (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, IOF of Arg enhanced the hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P) activity at hatch (P < 0.05). There was no difference in hexokinase (HK) or phosphofructokinase (PFK) enzyme activities in the pectoral muscle in all groups. Further, IOF of Arg increased the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP) mRNA expressions at hatch (P < 0.05). In addition, broilers in the Arg group had a higher mRNA expression of glycogen synthase and a lower expression of glycogen phosphorylase in the liver and pectoral muscles than in the non-injected controls at hatch (P < 0.05). In conclusion, IOF of Arg solution enhanced liver and pectoral muscle energy reserves at hatch, which might be considered as an effective strategy for regulating early energy metabolism in broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L L Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - T Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - M M Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - P A Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - L Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - J L Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Y Jiang
- Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, P.R. China
| | - F Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - G H Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang H, Wong EA. Spatial transcriptional profile of PepT1 mRNA in the yolk sac and small intestine in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2018; 96:2871-2876. [PMID: 28482069 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The yolk sac and small intestine are 2 important organs responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients in chickens during the embryonic and posthatch periods, respectively. The peptide transporter PepT1 is expressed in both the yolk sac and small intestine and plays an important role in the transport of amino acids as short peptides. The objective of this study was to profile the spatial transcriptional patterns of PepT1 mRNA in the yolk sac and small intestine from embryonic and posthatch broilers. The distribution of PepT1 mRNA was investigated by in situ hybridization at embryonic (e) d 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 and day of hatch (doh) in the yolk sac and at e19, doh, and d 1, d 4, and d 7 posthatch in the small intestine. PepT1 mRNA was expressed in the endodermal cells of the yolk sac. PepT1 mRNA was barely detectable at e11, increased from e11 to e13, e15, and e17, and then gradually decreased from e19 to doh. In the small intestine, there was a rapid increase in expression of PepT1 mRNA in the enterocytes from e19 to doh, with expression relatively constant from d 1 to d 7. In addition, there was a differential increase in the heights of the villi in different parts of the small intestine from d 1 to 7, which may partially explain the temporal increase in PepT1 mRNA detected by qPCR. The villi in the duodenum showed the earliest increase in villus height and ultimately resulted in the highest villi at d 7. These results demonstrate that there are temporal changes in PepT1 mRNA expression in the yolk sac and the small intestine, which correspond with their expected role in nutrient uptake during the embryonic and posthatch periods.
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang X, Li J, Cong J, Chen X, Zhu X, Zhang L, Gao F, Zhou G. Preslaughter Transport Effect on Broiler Meat Quality and Post-mortem Glycolysis Metabolism of Muscles with Different Fiber Types. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:10310-10316. [PMID: 29110475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Preslaughter transport has been reported to decrease the quality of breast meat but not thigh meat of broilers. However, tissue-specific difference in glycogen metabolism between breast and thigh muscles of transported broilers has not been well studied. We thus investigated the differences in meat quality, adenosine phosphates, glycolysis, and bound key enzymes associated with glycolysis metabolism in skeletal muscles with different fiber types of preslaughter transported broilers during summer. Compared to a 0.5 h transport, a 3 h transport during summer decreased ATP content, increased AMP content and AMP/ATP ratio, and accelerated glycolysis metabolism via the upregulation of glycogen phosphorylase expression accompanied by increased activities of bound glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase) in pectoralis major muscle, which subsequently increased the likelihood of pale, soft, and exudative-like breast meat. On the other hand, a 3 h transport induced only a moderate glycolysis metabolism in tibialis anterior muscle, which did not cause any noticeable changes in the quality traits of the thigh meat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jiahui Cong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xiangxing Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Too HC, Shibata M, Yayota M, Darras VM, Iwasawa A. Expression of thyroid hormone regulator genes in the yolk sac membrane of the developing chicken embryo. J Reprod Dev 2017; 63:463-472. [PMID: 28652559 PMCID: PMC5649095 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2017-017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for the correct development of nearly every structure in the body from the very early stages of development, yet the embryonic thyroid gland is not functional at these stages. To clarify the roles of the egg yolk as a source of THs, the TH content in the yolk and the expression of TH regulator genes in the yolk sac membrane were evaluated throughout the 21-day incubation period of chicken embryos. The yolk TH content (22.3 ng triiodothyronine and 654.7 ng thyroxine per total yolk on day 4 of incubation) decreased almost linearly along with development. Real-time PCR revealed gene expression of transthyretin, a principal TH distributor in the chicken, and of a TH-inactivating iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO3), until the second week of incubation when the embryonic pituitary-thyroid axis is generally thought to start functioning. The TH-activating deiodinase (DIO2) and transmembrane transporter of thyroxine (SLCO1C1) genes were expressed in the last week of incubation, which coincided with a marked increase of circulating thyroxine and a reduction in the yolk sac weight. DIO1, which can remove iodine from inactive THs, was expressed throughout the incubation period. It is assumed that the chicken yolk sac inactivates THs contained abundantly in the yolk and supplies the hormones to the developing embryo in appropriate concentrations until the second week of incubation, while THs may be activated in the yolk sac membrane in the last week of incubation. Additionally, the yolk sac could serve as a source of iodine for the embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanny Cho Too
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Naypyidaw, Myanmar
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibata
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masato Yayota
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Veerle M Darras
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Atsushi Iwasawa
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Janisch S, Sharifi A, Wicke M, Krischek C. Changing the incubation temperature during embryonic myogenesis influences the weight performance and meat quality of male and female broilers. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2581-8. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
35
|
de Barros Moreira Filho AL, de Oliveira CJB, de Oliveira HB, Campos DB, Guerra RR, Costa FGP, Givisiez PEN. High Incubation Temperature and Threonine Dietary Level Improve Ileum Response Against Post-Hatch Salmonella Enteritidis Inoculation in Broiler Chicks. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131474. [PMID: 26131553 PMCID: PMC4488937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of both embryonic thermal manipulation and dietary threonine level on the response of broilers inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis, considering bacterial counts in the cecal contents, intestinal morphology, mucin and heat shock protein 70 gene expression, body weight and weight gain. Thermal manipulation was used from 11 days of incubation until hatch, defining three treatments: standard (37.7°C), continuous high temperature (38.7°C) and continuous low temperature (36.7°C). After hatch, chicks were distributed according to a 3x2+1 factorial arrangement (three temperatures and two threonine levels and one sham-inoculated control). At two days of age, all chicks were inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis, except for the sham-inoculated control group. There was no interaction between the factors on any analyses. High temperature during incubation was able to reduce colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis in the first days, reducing both Salmonella counts and the number of positive birds. It also increased mucin expression and decreased Hsp70 expression compared with other inoculated groups. High temperature during incubation and high threonine level act independently to reduce the negative effects associated to Salmonella Enteritidis infection on intestinal morphology and performance, with results similar to sham-inoculated birds. The findings open new perspectives for practical strategies towards the pre-harvest Salmonella control in the poultry industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Celso José Bruno de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Areia, PB, Brazil
| | - Heraldo Bezerra de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Areia, PB, Brazil
| | - Danila Barreiro Campos
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Areia, PB, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Romão Guerra
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Areia, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia Emília Naves Givisiez
- Department of Animal Science, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Areia, PB, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Background The yolk sac (YS) is an extra-embryonic tissue that surrounds the yolk and absorbs, digests and transports nutrients during incubation of the avian embryo as well as during early term mammalian embryonic development. Understanding YS functions and development may enhance the efficient transfer of nutrients and optimize embryo development. To identify temporal large-scale patterns of gene expression and gain insights into processes and mechanisms in the YS, we performed a transcriptome study of the YS of chick embryos on embryonic days (E) E13, E15, E17, E19, and E21 (hatch). Results 3547 genes exhibited a significantly changed expression across days. Clustering and functional annotation of these genes as well as histological sectioning of the YS revealed that we monitored two cell types: the epithelial cells and the erythropoietic cells of the YS. We observed a significant up-regulation of epithelial genes involved in lipid transport and metabolism between E13 and E19. YS epithelial cells expressed a vast array of lipoprotein receptors and fatty acid transporters. Several lysosomal genes (CTSA, PSAP, NPC2) and apolipoproteins genes (apoA1, A2, B, C3) were among the highest expressed, reflecting the intensive digestion and re-synthesis of lipoproteins in YS epithelial cells. Genes associated with cytoskeletal structure were down-regulated between E17 and E21 supporting histological evidence of a degradation of YS epithelial cells towards hatch. Expression patterns of hemoglobin synthesis genes indicated a high erythropoietic capacity of the YS between E13 and E15, which decreased towards hatch. YS histological sections confirmed these results. We also observed that YS epithelial cells expressed high levels of genes coding for plasma carrier proteins (ALB, AFP, LTF, TTR), normally produced by the liver. Conclusions Here we expand current knowledge on developmental, nutritional and molecular processes in the YS. We demonstrate that in the final week of chick embryonic development, the YS plays different roles to support or replace the functions of several organs that have not yet reached their full functional capacity. The YS has a similar functional role as the intestine in digestion and transport of nutrients, the liver in producing plasma carrier proteins and coagulation factors, and the bone marrow in synthesis of blood cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-690) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zehava Uni
- Department of Animal Science, The Robert H, Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen W, Lv YT, Zhang HX, Ruan D, Wang S, Lin YC. Developmental specificity in skeletal muscle of late-term avian embryos and its potential manipulation. Poult Sci 2013; 92:2754-64. [PMID: 24046424 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike the mammalian fetus, development of the avian embryo is independent of the maternal uterus and is potentially vulnerable to physiological and environmental stresses close to hatch. In contrast to the fetus of late gestation in mammals, skeletal muscle in avian embryos during final incubation shows differential developmental characteristics: 1) muscle mobilization (also called atrophy) is selectively enhanced in the type II fibers (pectoral muscle) but not in the type I fibers (biceps femoris and semimembranosus muscle), involving activation of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation and suppression of S6K1-mediated protein translation; 2) the proliferative activity of satellite cells is decreased in the atrophied muscle of late-term embryos but enhanced at the day of hatch, probably preparing for the postnatal growth. The mobilization of muscle may represent an adaptive response of avian embryos to external (environmental) or internal (physiological) changes, considering there are developmental transitions both in hormones and requirements for glycolytic substrates from middle-term to late-term incubation. Although the exact mechanism triggering muscle fiber atrophy is still unknown, nutritional and endocrine changes may be of importance. The atrophied muscle fiber recovers as soon as feed and water are available to the hatchling. In ovo feeding of late-term embryos has been applied to improve the nutritional status and therein enhances muscle development. Similarly, in ovo exposure to higher temperature or green light during the critical period of muscle development are also demonstrated to be potential strategies to promote pre- and posthatch muscle growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Grodzik M, Sawosz F, Sawosz E, Hotowy A, Wierzbicki M, Kutwin M, Jaworski S, Chwalibog A. Nano-nutrition of chicken embryos. The effect of in ovo administration of diamond nanoparticles and L-glutamine on molecular responses in chicken embryo pectoral muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:23033-44. [PMID: 24264045 PMCID: PMC3856104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141123033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the content of certain amino acids in eggs is not sufficient to fully support embryonic development. One possibility to supply the embryo with extra nutrients and energy is in ovo administration of nutrients. Nanoparticles of diamond are highly biocompatible non-toxic carbonic structures, and we hypothesized that bio-complexes of diamond nanoparticles with l-glutamine may affect molecular responses in breast muscle. The objective of the investigation was to evaluate the effect of diamond nanoparticle (ND) and l-glutamine (Gln) on expression of growth and differentiation factors of chicken embryo pectoral muscles. ND, Gln, and Gln/ND solutions (50 mg/L) were injected into fertilized broiler chicken eggs at the beginning of embryogenesis. Muscle tissue was dissected at day 20 of incubation and analysed for gene expression of FGF2, VEGF-A, and MyoD1. ND and especially Gln/ND up-regulated expression of genes related to muscle cell proliferation (FGF2) and differentiation (MyoD1). Furthermore, the ratio between FGF2 and MyoD1 was highest in the Gln/ND group. At the end of embryogenesis, Gln/ND enhanced both proliferation and differentiation of pectoral muscle cells and differentiation dominated over proliferation. These preliminary results suggest that the bio-complex of glutamine and diamond nanoparticles may accelerate growth and maturation of muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Grodzik
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, Warsaw 02-786, Poland; E-Mails: (M.G.); (E.S.); (A.H.); (M.W.); (M.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Filip Sawosz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; E-Mail:
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, Warsaw 02-786, Poland; E-Mails: (M.G.); (E.S.); (A.H.); (M.W.); (M.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Anna Hotowy
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, Warsaw 02-786, Poland; E-Mails: (M.G.); (E.S.); (A.H.); (M.W.); (M.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, Warsaw 02-786, Poland; E-Mails: (M.G.); (E.S.); (A.H.); (M.W.); (M.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Marta Kutwin
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, Warsaw 02-786, Poland; E-Mails: (M.G.); (E.S.); (A.H.); (M.W.); (M.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, Warsaw 02-786, Poland; E-Mails: (M.G.); (E.S.); (A.H.); (M.W.); (M.K.); (S.J.)
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +45-3533-3044; Fax: +45-3533-3020
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Diani-Moore S, Zhang S, Ram P, Rifkind AB. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation by dioxin targets phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) for ADP-ribosylation via 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (TiPARP). J Biol Chem 2013; 288:21514-25. [PMID: 23770670 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.458067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of the environmental toxin and carcinogen 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin) include a wasting syndrome associated with decreased gluconeogenesis. TCDD is a potent activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand activated transcription factor. The relationship between gene activation by the AHR and TCDD toxicities is not well understood. We recently identified a pathway by which the AHR target gene TiPARP (TCDD-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase) contributes to TCDD suppression of transcription of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), a key regulator of gluconeogenesis, by consuming NAD(+) and decreasing Sirtuin 1 activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α), a transcriptional activator of PEPCK. We report here that TCDD-induced TiPARP also targets PEPCK for ADP-ribosylation. Both cytosolic and mitochondrial forms of PEPCK were found to undergo ADP-ribosylation. Unexpectedly, AHR suppression also enhanced ADP-ribosylation and did so by a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-independent mechanism. This report 1) identifies ADP-ribosylation as a new posttranslational modification for PEPCK, 2) describes a pathway by which transcriptional induction of TiPARP by the AHR can lead to a downstream posttranslational change in a TCDD target protein (PEPCK), and 3) reveals that the AHR exerts complex, previously unidentified modulatory effects on ADP-ribosylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Diani-Moore
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
van de Ven LJF, van Wagenberg AV, Decuypere E, Kemp B, van den Brand H. Perinatal broiler physiology between hatching and chick collection in 2 hatching systems. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1050-61. [PMID: 23472028 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about physiological responses of early- versus late-hatching chicks to early posthatch conditions in broiler practice. We investigated effects of hatching time on perinatal broiler physiology in 2 hatching systems, differing in conditions: a conventional hatcher, where chicks are deprived of feed and water between hatching and the moment of chick pulling (d E21.5), and a patio system, in which the hatching and brooding phase are combined, and chicks have immediate posthatch feed and water access. Climate conditions in patio also differ with about 3°C lower temperature and 20% lower RH compared with conventional hatchers. At E18, fertile eggs were transferred to either a hatcher or the patio until the end of incubation. From each system, 50 newly hatched chicks were collected at 3 hatching times: at 468 h (early), 483 h (midterm), and 498 h (late) of incubation, of which 25 chicks were decapitated for analyses of physiological parameters. The other 25 chicks were returned to the hatching system for analyses after 515 h of incubation (E21.5). At hatch, weights of the heart, lungs, stomach, and intestine increased with hatching time, concurrent with a decrease in residual yolk weight, regardless of hatching system, and indicating that later hatching chicks are more matured. Weights of the heart, liver, stomach, and intestines were lower in hatcher than in patio chicks. Between hatch and E21.5, residual yolk weight decreased, whereas organ weights increased in both fasted hatcher and fed patio chicks, but at a higher rate in the latter. At E21.5, plasma glucose and triiodothyronine had increased with time after hatch in patio chicks, whereas levels were similar among hatching times and lower in hatcher chicks. Early feed and water access seems to enable early hatching chicks to compensate for their apparent disadvantage in development at hatching, whereas chicks subjected to fasting show metabolic adaptations to preserve nutrients. Chick physiology at chick pulling time was shown to vary with time after hatching and posthatch conditions, especially feed access.
Collapse
|
41
|
Yadgary L, Kedar O, Adepeju O, Uni Z. Changes in yolk sac membrane absorptive area and fat digestion during chick embryonic development. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1634-40. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
42
|
Molenaar R, van den Borne JJGC, Hazejager E, Kristensen NB, Heetkamp MJW, Meijerhof R, Kemp B, van den Brand H. High environmental temperature increases glucose requirement in the developing chicken embryo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59637. [PMID: 23560054 PMCID: PMC3613386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental conditions during the perinatal period influence metabolic and developmental processes in mammals and avian species, which could impact pre- and postnatal survival and development. The current study investigated the effect of eggshell temperature (EST) on glucose metabolism in broiler chicken embryos. Broiler eggs were incubated at a high (38.9°C) or normal (37.8°C) EST from day 10.5 of incubation onward and were injected with a bolus of [U-(13)C]glucose in the chorio-allantoic fluid at day 17.5 of incubation. After [U-(13)C]glucose administration, (13)C enrichment was determined in intermediate pools and end-products of glucose metabolism. Oxidation of labeled glucose occurred for approximately 3 days after injection. Glucose oxidation was higher in the high than in the normal EST treatment from day 17.6 until 17.8 of incubation. The overall recovery of (13)CO2 tended to be 4.7% higher in the high than in the normal EST treatment. An increase in EST (38.9°C vs 37.8°C) increased (13)C enrichment in plasma lactate at day 17.8 of incubation and (13)C in hepatic glycogen at day 18.8 of incubation. Furthermore, high compared to normal EST resulted in a lower yolk-free body mass at day 20.9 (-2.74 g) and 21.7 (-3.81 g) of incubation, a lower hepatic glycogen concentration at day 18.2 (-4.37 mg/g) and 18.8 (-4.59 mg/g) of incubation, and a higher plasma uric acid concentration (+2.8 mg/mL/+43%) at day 21.6 of incubation. These results indicate that the glucose oxidation pattern is relatively slow, but the intensity increased consistently with an increase in developmental stage of the embryo. High environmental temperatures in the perinatal period of chicken embryos increased glucose oxidation and decreased hepatic glycogen prior to the hatching process. This may limit glucose availability for successful hatching and could impact body development, probably by increased gluconeogenesis from glucogenic amino acids to allow anaerobic glycolysis.
Collapse
|
43
|
K. Roy T, Iwasawa A, Shimizu Y, Kageyama K, Yoshizaki N. Ontogenic Profile of Gluconeogenic Key Enzyme Gene Expressions in Embryonic Chicken Liver and Muscle. J Poult Sci 2013; 50:381-7. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0120183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
|
44
|
|