1
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Rosa MA, Granja A, Nunes C, Reis S, da Silva ABS, Leal KNDS, Arruda MAZ, Gorup LF, Santos MG, Dias MVS, Figueiredo EC. Magnetic carbon nanotubes modified with proteins and hydrophilic monomers: Cytocompatibility, in-vitro toxicity assays and permeation across biological interfaces. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131962. [PMID: 38692550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes are promising materials for biomedical applications like delivery systems and tissue scaffolds. In this paper, magnetic carbon nanotubes (M-CNTs) covered with bovine serum albumin (M-CNTs-BSA) or functionalized with hydrophilic monomers (M-CNTs-HL) were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated concerning their interaction with Caco-2 cells. There is no comparison between these two types of functionalization, and this study aimed to verify their influence on the material's interaction with the cells. Different concentrations of the nanotubes were applied to investigate cytotoxicity, cell metabolism, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and capability to cross biomimetic barriers. The materials showed cytocompatibility up to 100 μg mL-1 and a hemolysis rate below 2 %. Nanotubes' suspensions were allowed to permeate Caco-2 monolayers for up to 8 h under the effect of the magnetic field. Magnetic nanoparticles associated with the nanotubes allowed estimation of permeation through the monolayers, with values ranging from 0.50 to 7.19 and 0.27 to 9.30 × 10-3 μg (equivalent to 0.43 to 6.22 and 0.23 to 9.54 × 10-2 % of the initially estimated mass of magnetic nanoparticles) for cells exposed and non-exposed to the magnets, respectively. Together, these results support that the developed materials are promising for applications in biomedical and biotechnological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Azevedo Rosa
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Andreia Granja
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Beatriz Santos da Silva
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ketolly Natanne da Silva Leal
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Gorup
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil; School of Chemistry and Food Science, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Italia km 8 Bairro Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Materials Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Porto, 96010-610 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariane Gonçalves Santos
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Costa Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
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2
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Vilardi A, Przyborski S, Mobbs C, Rufini A, Tufarelli C. Current understanding of the interplay between extracellular matrix remodelling and gut permeability in health and disease. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:258. [PMID: 38802341 PMCID: PMC11130177 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal wall represents an interactive network regulated by the intestinal epithelium, extracellular matrix (ECM) and mesenchymal compartment. Under healthy physiological conditions, the epithelium undergoes constant renewal and forms an integral and selective barrier. Following damage, the healthy epithelium is restored via a series of signalling pathways that result in remodelling of the scaffolding tissue through finely-regulated proteolysis of the ECM by proteases such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). However, chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, as occurs in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), is associated with prolonged disruption of the epithelial barrier and persistent damage to the intestinal mucosa. Increased barrier permeability exhibits distinctive signatures of inflammatory, immunological and ECM components, accompanied by increased ECM proteolytic activity. This narrative review aims to bring together the current knowledge of the interplay between gut barrier, immune and ECM features in health and disease, discussing the role of barrier permeability as a discriminant between homoeostasis and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Vilardi
- Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Mobbs
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Rufini
- Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, United Kingdom.
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Cristina Tufarelli
- Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, United Kingdom.
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3
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Huang Y, Wang J, Mancino V, Pham J, O’Grady C, Li H, Jiang K, Chin D, Poon C, Ho PY, Gyarmati G, Peti-Peterdi J, Hallows KR, Chung EJ. Oral delivery of nanomedicine for genetic kidney disease. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae187. [PMID: 38807632 PMCID: PMC11131023 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Chronic and genetic kidney diseases such as autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) have few therapeutic options, and clinical trials testing small molecule drugs have been unfavorable due to low kidney bioavailability and adverse side effects. Although nanoparticles can be designed to deliver drugs directly to the diseased site, there are no kidney-targeted nanomedicines clinically available, and most FDA-approved nanoparticles are administered intravenously which is not ideal for chronic diseases. To meet these challenges of chronic diseases, we developed a biomaterials-based strategy using chitosan particles (CP) for oral delivery of therapeutic, kidney-targeting peptide amphiphile micelles (KMs). We hypothesized that encapsuling KMs into CP would enhance the bioavailability of KMs upon oral administration given the high stability of chitosan in acidic conditions and mucoadhesive properties enabling absorption within the intestines. To test this, we evaluated the mechanism of KM access to the kidneys via intravital imaging and investigated the KM biodistribution in a porcine model. Next, we loaded KMs carrying the ADPKD drug metformin into CP (KM-CP-met) and measured in vitro therapeutic effect. Upon oral administration in vivo, KM-CP-met showed significantly greater bioavailability and accumulation in the kidneys as compared to KM only or free drug. As such, KM-CP-met treatment in ADPKD mice (Pkd1fl/fl;Pax8-rtTA;Tet-O-Cre which develops the disease over 120 days and mimics the slow development of ADPKD) showed enhanced therapeutic efficacy without affecting safety despite repeated treatment. Herein, we demonstrate the potential of KM-CP as a nanomedicine strategy for oral delivery for the long-term treatment of chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jonathan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Valeria Mancino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jessica Pham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Colette O’Grady
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kairui Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Deborah Chin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Christopher Poon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Pei-Yin Ho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Georgina Gyarmati
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, and Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - János Peti-Peterdi
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, and Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kenneth R Hallows
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Ugodnikov A, Persson H, Simmons CA. Bridging barriers: advances and challenges in modeling biological barriers and measuring barrier integrity in organ-on-chip systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2024. [PMID: 38689569 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier, skin, and intestinal mucosal barrier play key roles in homeostasis, disease physiology, and drug delivery - as such, it is important to create representative in vitro models to improve understanding of barrier biology and serve as tools for therapeutic development. Microfluidic cell culture and organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems enable barrier modelling with greater physiological fidelity than conventional platforms by mimicking key environmental aspects such as fluid shear, accurate microscale dimensions, mechanical cues, extracellular matrix, and geometrically defined co-culture. As the prevalence of barrier-on-chip models increases, so does the importance of tools that can accurately assess barrier integrity and function without disturbing the carefully engineered microenvironment. In this review, we first provide a background on biological barriers and the physiological features that are emulated through in vitro barrier models. Then, we outline molecular permeability and electrical sensing barrier integrity assessment methods, and the related challenges specific to barrier-on-chip implementation. Finally, we discuss future directions in the field, as well important priorities to consider such as fabrication costs, standardization, and bridging gaps between disciplines and stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Ugodnikov
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Henrik Persson
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
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5
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Belaid M, Javorovic J, Pastorin G, Vllasaliu D. Development of an in vitro co-culture model using Caco-2 and J774A.1 cells to mimic intestinal inflammation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 197:114243. [PMID: 38432601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In vitro models that mimic the pathophysiology in vivo are important tools to study mechanisms of disease and assess the pharmacology and toxicity of drugs. In this work, we report the development of a novel model of intestinal inflammation. This model is based on the co-culture of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and murine J774A.1 macrophages. The model is shown to mimic the intestinal barrier in both healthy and inflamed state. In the healthy state, without external stimulation, Caco-2 and J774A.1 cells were co-cultured in one system without affecting the barrier integrity of intestinal epithelial cells and without inducing release of cytokines from macrophages. To mimic the inflamed intestine, Caco-2 cells were primed with an optimised cytokine cocktail (TNF-⍺, IFN-γ and IL-1β) and J774A.1 cells were pre-exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN-γ for 24 h before combining the two cell lines into co-culture. In these conditions, a significant disruption of the epithelial barrier and an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-⍺ and IL-6) levels released from macrophages were detected. The data also show that inflammation in the co-culture model was temporary and reversible upon the removal of the inflammatory stimulus. This new in vitro model could be a valuable tool for investigating the safety and efficacy of drugs in the context of intestinal inflammation and provides advantages over other reported co-culture models of intestinal inflammation in terms of cost and simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Belaid
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jana Javorovic
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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6
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Asal M, Rep M, Bontkes HJ, van Vliet SJ, Mebius RE, Gibbs S. Towards Full Thickness Small Intestinal Models: Incorporation of Stromal Cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:369-377. [PMID: 38113015 PMCID: PMC10987430 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since small intestine is one of the major barriers of the human body, there is a need to develop reliable in vitro human small intestinal models. These models should incorporate both the epithelial and lamina propria compartments and have similar barrier properties compared to that of the human tissue. These properties are essential for various applications, such as studying cell-cell interaction, intestinal diseases and testing permeability and metabolism of drugs and other compounds. The small intestinal lamina propria contains multiple stromal cell populations with several important functions, such as secretion of extracellular matrix proteins and soluble mediators. In addition, stromal cells influence the intestinal epithelial barrier, support the intestinal stem cell niche and interact with immune cells. METHODS In this review, we provide an extensive overview on the different types of lamina propria stromal cells found in small intestine and describe a combination of molecular markers that can be used to distinguish each different stromal cell type. We focus on studies that incorporated stromal cells into human representative small intestine models cultured on transwells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION These models display enhanced epithelial morphology, increased cell proliferation and human-like barrier properties, such as low transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and intermediate permeability, thus better mimicking the native human small intestine than models only consisting of an epithelium which generally show high TEER and low permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Asal
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mila Rep
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty J Bontkes
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Protić-Rosić I, Lopandić Z, Popović D, Blagojević G, Gavrović-Jankulović M. rBet v 1a-BanLec wt induce upregulation of IL-10 and IFN-γ gene expression in Caco-2/THP-1 co-culture and secretion of IL-10 and IFN-γ/IL-4 levels in PBMCs of birch pollen allergic donors. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111607. [PMID: 38330798 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Novel allergen immunotherapy (AIT) approaches necessitate the use of more effective and safe therapeutics, which can be accomplished by employing novel adjuvants for improved innate immune cell activation, as well as hypoallergenic allergen forms. In this study, we investigate the immunomodulatory effects of a chimera rBet v 1a-BanLecwt (rBv1a-BLwt; Cwt) composed of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1a and banana lectin (BanLecwt; BLwt) and two novel chimeras, rBv1l-BLH84T (rBet v 1l-BanLecH84T; C1) and rBLH84T-Bv1l (rBanLecH84T-Bet v 1l; C2), both composed of BLH84T and hypoallergenic birch pollen allergen Bv1l in the co-culture model Caco-2/THP-1, and PBMCs from donors with birch pollen allergy. The chimeric molecules rBv1l-BLH84T (C1) and rBLH84T-Bv1l (C2) were created in silico and then produced in E. coli using recombinant DNA technology. Real-time PCR analysis of gene expression following compound treatment in the co-culture model revealed that all three chimeras have the potential to induce the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 gene expression in Caco-2 cells and IFN-γ gene expression in THP-1 cells. Sandwich ELISA revealed that Cwt increased IL-10 secretion and IFN-/IL-4 levels in PBMCs from birch pollen allergic donors, whereas C1 and C2 were less effective. The findings suggest that Cwt should be analyzed further due to its potential benefit in AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zorana Lopandić
- Institute for Chemistry in Medicine, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dragan Popović
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Gordan Blagojević
- Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", Belgrade, Serbia.
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8
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Nguyen OTP, Misun PM, Hierlemann A, Lohasz C. A Versatile Intestine-on-Chip System for Deciphering the Immunopathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302454. [PMID: 38253407 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The multifactorial nature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) necessitates reliable and practical experimental models to elucidate its etiology and pathogenesis. To model the intestinal microenvironment at the onset of IBD in vitro, it is important to incorporate relevant cellular and noncellular components before inducing stepwise pathogenic developments. A novel intestine-on-chip system for investigating multiple aspects of IBD's immunopathogenesis is presented. The system includes an array of tight and polarized barrier models formed from intestinal epithelial cells on an in-vivo-like subepithelial matrix within one week. The dynamic remodeling of the subepithelial matrix by cells or their secretome demonstrates the physiological relevance of the on-chip barrier models. The system design enables introduction of various immune cell types and inflammatory stimuli at specific locations in the same barrier model, which facilitates investigations of the distinct roles of each cell type in intestinal inflammation development. It is showed that inflammatory behavior manifests in an upregulated expression of inflammatory markers and cytokines (TNF-α). The neutralizing effect of the anti-inflammatory antibody Infliximab on levels of TNF-α and its inducible cytokines could be explicitly shown. Overall, an innovative approach to systematically developing a microphysiological system to comprehend immune-system-mediated disorders of IBD and to identify new therapeutic strategies is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oanh T P Nguyen
- Bio Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Klingelbergstrasse 48, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Patrick M Misun
- Bio Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Klingelbergstrasse 48, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- Bio Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Klingelbergstrasse 48, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Christian Lohasz
- Bio Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Klingelbergstrasse 48, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
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9
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Ferreira B, Barros AS, Leite-Pereira C, Viegas J, das Neves J, Nunes R, Sarmento B. Trends in 3D models of inflammatory bowel disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167042. [PMID: 38296115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses a set of chronic inflammatory conditions, namely Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Despite all advances in the management of IBD, a definitive cure is not available, largely due to a lack of a holistic understanding of its etiology and pathophysiology. Several in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo models have been developed over the past few decades in order to abbreviate remaining gaps. The establishment of reliable and predictable in vitro intestinal inflammation models may indeed provide valuable tools to expedite and validate the development of therapies for IBD. Three-dimensional (3D) models provide a more accurate representation of the different layers of the intestine, contributing to a stronger impact on drug screening and research on intestinal inflammation, and bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo research. This work provides a critical overview on the state-of-the-art on existing 3D models of intestinal inflammation and discusses the remaining challenges, providing insights on possible pathways towards achieving IBD mimetic models. We also address some of the main challenges faced by implementing cell culture models in IBD research while bearing in mind clinical translational aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Ferreira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia S Barros
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Leite-Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana Viegas
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - José das Neves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IUCS-CESPU - Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Rute Nunes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IUCS-CESPU - Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IUCS-CESPU - Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
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10
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Mobbs CL, Darling NJ, Przyborski S. An in vitro model to study immune activation, epithelial disruption and stromal remodelling in inflammatory bowel disease and fistulising Crohn's disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357690. [PMID: 38410518 PMCID: PMC10894943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, preclinical models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are insufficient, limiting translation between research and new therapeutics. This is especially true for fistulising Crohn's disease (CD), as the severe lack of relevant models hinders research progression. To address this, we present in vitro human IBD mucosal models that recapitulate multiple pathological hallmarks of IBD simultaneously in one model system - immune cell infiltration, stromal remodelling and epithelial disruption. Stimulation of models induces epithelial aberrations common in IBD tissue including altered morphology, microvilli abnormalities, claudin gene expression changes and increased permeability. Inflammatory biomarkers are also significantly increased including cytokines and chemokines integral to IBD pathogenesis. Evidence of extracellular matrix remodelling, including upregulated matrix-metalloproteinases and altered basement membrane components, suggests the models simulate pathological stromal remodelling events that closely resemble fistulising CD. Importantly, MMP-9 is the most abundant MMP and mimics the unique localisation observed in IBD tissue. The inflamed models were subsequently used to elucidate the involvement of TNF-α and IFN- γ in intestinal stromal remodelling, in which TNF-α but not IFN- γ induced MMP upregulation, specifically of MMP-3 and MMP-9. Collectively, our results demonstrate the potential of the IBD models for use in preclinical research in IBD, particularly for fistulising CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Mobbs
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
- Reprocell Europe Ltd, West of Scotland Science Park, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole J. Darling
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
- Reprocell Europe Ltd, West of Scotland Science Park, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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11
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Sun B, Tan B, Zhang P, Zhu L, Wei H, Huang T, Li C, Yang W. Iron deficiency anemia: a critical review on iron absorption, supplementation and its influence on gut microbiota. Food Funct 2024; 15:1144-1157. [PMID: 38235788 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04644c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) caused by micronutrient iron deficiency has attracted global attention due to its adverse health effects. The regulation of iron uptake and metabolism is finely controlled by various transporters and hormones in the body. Dietary iron intake and regulation are essential in maintaining human health and iron requirements. The review aims to investigate literature concerning dietary iron intake and systemic regulation. Besides, recent IDA treatment and dietary iron supplementation are discussed. Considering the importance of the gut microbiome, the interaction between bacteria and micronutrient iron in the gut is also a focus of this review. The iron absorption efficiency varies considerably according to iron type and dietary factors. Iron fortification remains the cost-effective strategy, although challenges exist in developing suitable iron fortificants and food vehicles regarding bioavailability and acceptability. Iron deficiency may alter the microbiome structure and promote the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the gut, affecting immune balance and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Sun
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Beibei Tan
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Panxue Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Lianlian Zhu
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huamao Wei
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Tao Huang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Chao Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Wenge Yang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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12
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Sittipo P, Anggradita LD, Kim H, Lee C, Hwang NS, Lee YK, Hwang Y. Cell Surface Modification-Mediated Primary Intestinal Epithelial Cell Culture Platforms for Assessing Host-Microbiota Interactions. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0004. [PMID: 38327615 PMCID: PMC10845607 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) play a crucial role in regulating the symbiotic relationship between the host and the gut microbiota, thereby allowing them to modulate barrier function, mucus production, and aberrant inflammation. Despite their importance, establishing an effective ex vivo culture method for supporting the prolonged survival and function of primary IECs remains challenging. Here, we aim to develop a novel strategy to support the long-term survival and function of primary IECs in response to gut microbiota by employing mild reduction of disulfides on the IEC surface proteins with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine. Methods: Recognizing the crucial role of fibroblast-IEC crosstalk, we employed a cell surface modification strategy, establishing layer-to-layer contacts between fibroblasts and IECs. This involved combining negatively charged chondroitin sulfate on cell surfaces with a positively charged chitosan thin film between cells, enabling direct intercellular transfer. Validation included assessments of cell viability, efficiency of dye transfer, and IEC function upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Results: Our findings revealed that the layer-by-layer co-culture platform effectively facilitates the transfer of small molecules through gap junctions, providing vital support for the viability and function of primary IECs from both the small intestine and colon for up to 5 days, as evident by the expression of E-cadherin and Villin. Upon LPS treatment, these IECs exhibited a down-regulation of Villin and tight junction genes, such as E-cadherin and Zonula Occludens-1, when compared to their nontreated counterparts. Furthermore, the transcription level of Lysozyme exhibited an increase, while Mucin 2 showed a decrease in response to LPS, indicating responsiveness to bacterial molecules. Conclusions: Our study provides a layer-by-layer-based co-culture platform to support the prolonged survival of primary IECs and their features, which is important for understanding IEC function in response to the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panida Sittipo
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam-do 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Laurensia Danis Anggradita
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam-do 31151, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science,
Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, Chungnam-do 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbum Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam-do 31151, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes,
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanyoung Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam-do 31151, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science,
Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, Chungnam-do 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S. Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes,
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bio-Engineering,
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research,
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam-do 31151, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science,
Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, Chungnam-do 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsung Hwang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam-do 31151, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science,
Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, Chungnam-do 31538, Republic of Korea
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13
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Fey C, Truschel T, Nehlsen K, Damigos S, Horstmann J, Stradal T, May T, Metzger M, Zdzieblo D. Enhancing pre-clinical research with simplified intestinal cell line models. J Tissue Eng 2024; 15:20417314241228949. [PMID: 38449469 PMCID: PMC10916479 DOI: 10.1177/20417314241228949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional culture remains widely employed to determine the bioavailability of orally delivered drugs. To gain more knowledge about drug uptake mechanisms and risk assessment for the patient after oral drug admission, intestinal in vitro models demonstrating a closer similarity to the in vivo situation are needed. In particular, Caco-2 cell-based Transwell® models show advantages as they are reproducible, cost-efficient, and standardized. However, cellular complexity is impaired and cell function is strongly modified as important transporters in the apical membrane are missing. To overcome these limitations, primary organoid-based human small intestinal tissue models were developed recently but the application of these cultures in pre-clinical research still represents an enormous challenge, as culture setup is complex as well as time- and cost-intensive. To overcome these hurdles, we demonstrate the establishment of primary organoid-derived intestinal cell lines by immortalization. Besides exhibiting cellular diversity of the organoid, these immortalized cell lines enable a standardized and more cost-efficient culture. Further, our cell line-based Transwell®-like models display an organ-specific epithelial barrier integrity, ultrastructural features and representative transport functions. Altogether, our novel model systems are cost-efficient with close similarity to the in vivo situation, therefore favoring their use in bioavailability studies in the context of pre-clinical screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Fey
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies (TLZ-RT) Würzburg, Branch of the Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Spyridon Damigos
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Horstmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | - Marco Metzger
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies (TLZ-RT) Würzburg, Branch of the Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Zdzieblo
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies (TLZ-RT) Würzburg, Branch of the Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering (PZ-SPT), Branch of the Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Wang X, Chen P, Wang J, Wang Y, Miao Y, Wang X, Li Q, Zhang X, Duan J. Acetolactate Decarboxylase as an Important Regulator of Intracellular Acidification, Morphological Features, and Antagonism Properties in the Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300337. [PMID: 38048544 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
SCORE This study identifies the coding gene (aldB) of acetolactate decarboxylase (ALDC) as an important regulatory gene of the intracellular pH in Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), uncovering the important role of ALDC in regulating intracellular pH, morphological features, and antagonism properties in the probiotic organism L. reuteri. METHODS AND RESULTS The aldB mutant (ΔaldB) of L. reuteri is established using the homologous recombination method. Compare to the wild-type (WT) strain, the ΔaldB strain shows a smaller body size, grows more slowly, and contains more acid in the cell cytoplasm. The survival rate of the ΔaldB strain is much lower in low pH and simulated gastric fluid (SGF) than that of the WT strain, but higher in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The antagonism test demonstrates the ΔaldB strain can inhibit Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) and Salmonella more effectively than the WT strain. Additionally, there is a dramatic decrease in the adhesion rate of Salmonella to Caco-2 and HT-29 cells in the presence of the ΔaldB strain compared to the WT strain. Simultaneously analyze, the auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), hemolytic, temperature, NaCl, oxidative stress, and antibiotic susceptibility of the ΔaldB strain are consistent with the features of probiotics. CONCLUSION This study highlights that the aldB gene plays a significant role in the growth and antibacterial properties of L. reuteri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yu Miao
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinling Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qiulei Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jinyou Duan
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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15
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Rodrigues C, Ismael S, Castela I, Barreiros-Mota I, Almeida MJ, Santos GM, Calhau C, Rocha JC, Faria A, Araújo JR. Trimethylamine increases intestinal fatty acid absorption: in vitro studies in a Caco-2 cell culture system. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e108. [PMID: 37964979 PMCID: PMC10641700 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although elevated blood levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) have been associated with atherosclerosis development in humans, the role of its gut microbiota-derived precursor, TMA, in this process has not been yet deciphered. Taking this into account, and the fact that increased intestinal fatty acid absorption contributes to atherosclerosis onset and progression, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of TMA on fatty acid absorption in a cell line that mimics human enterocytes. Caco-2 cells were treated with TMA 250 μM for 24 h. Fatty acid absorption was assessed by measuring the apical-to-basolateral transport and the intracellular levels of BODIPY-C12, a fluorescently labelled fatty acid analogue. Gene expression of the main intestinal fatty acid transporters was evaluated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Compared to control conditions, TMA increased, in a time-dependent manner and by 20-50 %, the apical-to-basolateral transport and intracellular levels of BODIPY-C12 fatty acid in Caco-2 cells. Fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4) and fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36 gene expression were not stimulated by TMA, suggesting that TMA-induced increase in fatty acid transport may be mediated by an increase in FAT/CD36 and/or FATP4 activity and/or fatty acid passive transport. This study demonstrated that TMA increases the intestinal absorption of fatty acids. Future studies are necessary to confirm if this may constitute a novel mechanism that partially explains the existing positive association between the consumption of a diet rich in TMA sources (e.g. red meat) and the increased risk of atherosclerotic diseases.
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Key Words
- Caco-2 cells
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- Enterocytes
- F, forward
- FABP, fatty acid-binding protein
- FABPpm, plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein
- FAT/CD36, fatty acid translocase
- FATP4, fatty acid transport protein 4
- FBS, foetal bovine serum
- FSA, fluorescein sulphonic acid
- Fatty acid absorption
- HPRT, hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- R, reverse
- TG, triacylglycerol
- TMA, trimethylamine
- TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide
- Trimethylamine
- qRT-PCR, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- sem, standard error of the mean
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Rodrigues
- Nutrition & Metabolism, CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Shámila Ismael
- Nutrition & Metabolism, CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Nutrition & Metabolism, CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Castela
- Nutrition & Metabolism, CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Nutrition & Metabolism, CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Barreiros-Mota
- Nutrition & Metabolism, CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria João Almeida
- Nutrition & Metabolism, CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Maia Santos
- Nutrition & Metabolism, CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Nutrition & Metabolism, CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Unidade Universitária Lifestyle Medicine José de Mello Saúde by NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Júlio César Rocha
- Nutrition & Metabolism, CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Reference Centre of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Faria
- Nutrition & Metabolism, CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Nutrition & Metabolism, CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João R. Araújo
- Nutrition & Metabolism, CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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16
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Palumbo C, Sisi F, Checchi M. CAM Model: Intriguing Natural Bioreactor for Sustainable Research and Reliable/Versatile Testing. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1219. [PMID: 37759618 PMCID: PMC10525291 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
We are witnessing the revival of the CAM model, which has already used been in the past by several researchers studying angiogenesis and anti-cancer drugs and now offers a refined model to fill, in the translational meaning, the gap between in vitro and in vivo studies. It can be used for a wide range of purposes, from testing cytotoxicity, pharmacokinetics, tumorigenesis, and invasion to the action mechanisms of molecules and validation of new materials from tissue engineering research. The CAM model is easy to use, with a fast outcome, and makes experimental research more sustainable since it allows us to replace, reduce, and refine pre-clinical experimentation ("3Rs" rules). This review aims to highlight some unique potential that the CAM-assay presents; in particular, the authors intend to use the CAM model in the future to verify, in a microenvironment comparable to in vivo conditions, albeit simplified, the angiogenic ability of functionalized 3D constructs to be used in regenerative medicine strategies in the recovery of skeletal injuries of critical size (CSD) that do not repair spontaneously. For this purpose, organotypic cultures will be planned on several CAMs set up in temporal sequences, and a sort of organ model for assessing CSD will be utilized in the CAM bioreactor rather than in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Checchi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Human Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia—Largo del Pozzo, 41124 Modena, Italy
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17
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Pennarossa G, Arcuri S, Pasquariello R, Gandolfi F, Maranesi M, Brevini TAL. Cruciferous vegetable-derived indole-3-carbinol prevents coronavirus cell egression mechanisms in tracheal and intestinal 3D in vitro models. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 212:113713. [PMID: 37169138 PMCID: PMC10168192 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The potential antiviral effects of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a phytochemical found in Cruciferous vegetables, were investigated. Fibroblasts and epithelial cells were co-cultured on Alvetex® scaffolds, to obtain ad hoc 3D in vitro platforms able to mimic the trachea and intestinal mucosae, which represent the primary structures involved in the coronavirus pathogenesis. The two barriers generated in vitro were treated with various concentrations of I3C for different incubation periods. A protective effect of I3C on both intestinal and trachea models was demonstrated. A significant reduction in the transcription of the two main genes belonging to the Homologous to E6AP C-terminus (HECT)-E3 ligase family members, namely NEDD4 E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase (NEDD4) and WW Domain Containing E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 1 (WWP1), which promote virus matrix protein ubiquitination and inhibit viral egression, were detected. These findings indicate I3C potential effect in preventing coronavirus cell egression processes that inhibit viral production. Although further studies are needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms whereby HECT family members control virus life cycle, this work paves the way to the possible therapeutic use of new natural compounds that may reduce the clinical severity of future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Pennarossa
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Sharon Arcuri
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Rolando Pasquariello
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvio Gandolfi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Maranesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Tiziana A L Brevini
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy.
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18
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Verdile N, Camin F, Pavlovic R, Pasquariello R, Stuknytė M, De Noni I, Brevini TAL, Gandolfi F. Distinct Organotypic Platforms Modulate Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Intestinal Cell Differentiation In Vitro. Cells 2023; 12:1843. [PMID: 37508507 PMCID: PMC10377977 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro organotypic cell-based intestinal platforms, able to faithfully recapitulate the complex functions of the organ in vivo, would be a great support to search for more sustainable feed ingredients in aquaculture. We previously demonstrated that proliferation or differentiation of rainbow trout intestinal cell lines is dictated by the culture environment. The aim of the present work was to develop a culture platform that can efficiently promote cell differentiation into mature enterocytes. We compared four options, seeding the RTpiMI cell line derived from the proximal intestine on (1) polyethylene terephthalate (PET) culture inserts ThinCert™ (TC), (2) TC coated with the solubilized basement membrane matrix Matrigel® (MM), (3) TC with the rainbow trout fibroblast cell line RTskin01 embedded within the Matrigel® matrix (MMfb), or (4) the highly porous polystyrene scaffold Alvetex® populated with the abovementioned fibroblast cell line (AV). We evaluated the presence of columnar cells with a clear polarization of brush border enzymes, the formation of an efficient barrier with a significant increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and its ability to prevent the paracellular flux of large molecules but allow the transit of small compounds (proline and glucose) from the apical to the basolateral compartment. All parameters improved moving from the simplest (TC) through the more complex platforms. The presence of fibroblasts was particularly effective in enhancing epithelial cell differentiation within the AV platform recreating more closely the complexity of the intestinal mucosa, including the presence of extracellular vesicles between fibroblasts and epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Verdile
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Camin
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Rolando Pasquariello
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Milda Stuknytė
- Unitech COSPECT-University Technological Platform, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivano De Noni
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana A L Brevini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Fulvio Gandolfi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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19
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Gomes GB, Zubieta CS, Guilhermi JDS, Toffoli-Kadri MC, Beatriz A, Rafique J, Parisotto EB, Saba S, Perdomo RT. Selenylated Imidazo [1,2- a]pyridine Induces Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in 2D and 3D Models of Colon Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:814. [PMID: 37375763 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer incidence rates are increasing annually, a scenario aggravated by genetic and epigenetic alterations that promote drug resistance. Recent studies showed that novel synthetic selenium compounds are more efficient and less toxic than conventional drugs, demonstrating biocompatibility and pro-oxidant effects on tumor cells. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of MRK-107, an imidazo [1,2- a]pyridine derivative, in 2D and 3D cell culture models of colon cancer (Caco-2 and HT-29). Sulforhodamine B results revealed a GI50 of 2.4 µM for Caco-2, 1.1 µM for HT-29, and 22.19 µM for NIH/3T3 in 2D cultures after 48 h of treatment. Cell recovery, migration, clonogenic, and Ki-67 results corroborated that MRK-107 inhibits cell proliferation and prevents cell regeneration and metastatic transition by selectively reducing migratory and clonogenic capacity; non-tumor cells (NIH/3T3) re-established proliferation in less than 18 h. The oxidative stress markers DCFH-DA and TBARS revealed increased ROS generation and oxidative damage. Caspases-3/7 are activated and induce apoptosis as the main mode of cell death in both cell models, as assessed by annexin V-FITC and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. MRK-107 is a selective, redox-active compound with pro-oxidant and pro-apoptotic properties and the capacity to activate antiproliferative pathways, showing promise in anticancer drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Bicudo Gomes
- Postgraduate Course in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Claudia Stutz Zubieta
- Postgraduate Course in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | | | - Mônica Cristina Toffoli-Kadri
- Postgraduate Course in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Adilson Beatriz
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Transformation of Organic Molecules (SINTMOL), Institute of Chemistry (INQUI), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Jamal Rafique
- Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiania 74690-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Transformation of Organic Molecules (SINTMOL), Institute of Chemistry (INQUI), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Benedetti Parisotto
- Postgraduate Course in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Sumbal Saba
- Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiania 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Trentin Perdomo
- Postgraduate Course in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
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20
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Dima C, Assadpour E, Nechifor A, Dima S, Li Y, Jafari SM. Oral bioavailability of bioactive compounds; modulating factors, in vitro analysis methods, and enhancing strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-39. [PMID: 37096550 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2199861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Foods are complex biosystems made up of a wide variety of compounds. Some of them, such as nutrients and bioactive compounds (bioactives), contribute to supporting body functions and bring important health benefits; others, such as food additives, are involved in processing techniques and contribute to improving sensory attributes and ensuring food safety. Also, there are antinutrients in foods that affect food bioefficiency and contaminants that increase the risk of toxicity. The bioefficiency of food is evaluated with bioavailability which represents the amount of nutrients or bioactives from the consumed food reaching the organs and tissues where they exert their biological activity. Oral bioavailability is the result of some physicochemical and biological processes in which food is involved such as liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (LADME). In this paper, a general presentation of the factors influencing oral bioavailability of nutrients and bioactives as well as the in vitro techniques for evaluating bioaccessibility and is provided. In this context, a critical analysis of the effects of physiological factors related to the characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) on oral bioavailability is discussed, such as pH, chemical composition, volumes of gastrointestinal (GI) fluids, transit time, enzymatic activity, mechanical processes, and so on, and the pharmacokinetics factors including BAC and solubility of bioactives, their transport across the cell membrane, their biodistribution and metabolism. The impact of matrix and food processing on the BAC of bioactives is also explained. The researchers' recent concerns for improving oral bioavailability of nutrients and food bioactives using both traditional techniques, for example, thermal treatments, mechanical processes, soaking, germination and fermentation, as well as food nanotechnologies, such as loading of bioactives in different colloidal delivery systems (CDSs), is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Dima
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Galati, Romania
| | - Elham Assadpour
- Food Industry Research Co, Gorgan, Iran
- Food and Bio-Nanotech International Research Center (Fabiano), Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alexandru Nechifor
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy - Medical Clinical Department, Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Galati, Romania
| | - Stefan Dima
- Faculty of Science and Environment, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Galati, Romania
| | - Yan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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21
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Dijk W, Villa C, Benedé S, Vassilopoulou E, Mafra I, Garrido-Arandia M, Martínez Blanco M, Bouchaud G, Hoppenbrouwers T, Bavaro SL, Giblin L, Knipping K, Castro AM, Delgado S, Costa J, Bastiaan-Net S. Critical features of an in vitro intestinal absorption model to study the first key aspects underlying food allergen sensitization. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:971-1005. [PMID: 36546415 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
New types of protein sources will enter our diet in a near future, reinforcing the need for a straightforward in vitro (cell-based) screening model to test and predict the safety of these novel proteins, in particular their potential risk for de novo allergic sensitization. The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) for allergen sensitization describes the current knowledge of key events underlying the complex cellular interactions that proceed allergic food sensitization. Currently, there is no consensus on the in vitro model to study the intestinal translocation of proteins as well as the epithelial activation, which comprise the first molecular initiation events (ME1-3) and the first key event of the AOP, respectively. As members of INFOGEST, we have highlighted several critical features that should be considered for any proposed in vitro model to study epithelial protein transport in the context of allergic sensitization. In addition, we defined which intestinal cell types are indispensable in a consensus model of the first steps of the AOP, and which cell types are optional or desired when there is the possibility to create a more complex cell model. A model of these first key aspects of the AOP can be used to study the gut epithelial translocation behavior of known hypo- and hyperallergens, juxtaposed to the transport behavior of novel proteins as a first screen for risk management of dietary proteins. Indeed, this disquisition forms a basis for the development of a future consensus model of the allergic sensitization cascade, comprising also the other key events (KE2-5).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caterina Villa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Benedé
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - María Garrido-Arandia
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez Blanco
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Tamara Hoppenbrouwers
- Food Quality & Design, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Lucia Bavaro
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (Ispa-Cnr), Campus Universitario Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
| | - Linda Giblin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | | | - Ana Maria Castro
- Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Susana Delgado
- Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shanna Bastiaan-Net
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Gonçalves AM, Leal F, Moreira A, Schellhorn T, Blahnová VH, Zeiringer S, Vocetková K, Tetyczka C, Simaite A, Buzgo M, Roblegg E, Costa PF, Ertl P, Filová E, Kohl Y. Potential of Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds for Intestinal, Skin, and Lung Epithelial Tissue Modeling. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Filipa Leal
- BIOFABICS Rua Alfredo Allen 455 4200-135 Porto Portugal
| | | | - Tobias Schellhorn
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics Vienna University of Technology Getreidemarkt 9/164 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Veronika Hefka Blahnová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 14220 Prague Czechia
| | - Scarlett Zeiringer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Graz Universitaetsplatz 1 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Karolina Vocetková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 14220 Prague Czechia
| | - Carolin Tetyczka
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Graz Universitaetsplatz 1 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Aiva Simaite
- InoCure s.r.o. Politických vězňů 935/13 11000 Praha 1 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Matej Buzgo
- BIOFABICS Rua Alfredo Allen 455 4200-135 Porto Portugal
| | - Eva Roblegg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Graz Universitaetsplatz 1 8010 Graz Austria
| | | | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics Vienna University of Technology Getreidemarkt 9/164 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Eva Filová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 14220 Prague Czechia
| | - Yvonne Kohl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1 66280 Sulzbach/Saar Germany
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23
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Xue H, Han J, Ma J, Song H, He B, Liu X, Yi M, Zhang L. Identification of Immune-Active Peptides in Casein Hydrolysates and Its Transport Mechanism on a Caco-2 Monolayer. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020373. [PMID: 36673465 PMCID: PMC9857510 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the transport mechanism of immune-active peptide fragments isolated from casein gastrointestinal hydrolysates via a Caco-2 monolayer. The casein gastrointestinal hydrolysates could stimulate B-lymphocyte proliferation and reduce the TNF-α level. Then, we identified the bioactive peptide fragments derived from casein gastrointestinal hydrolysis using LC-MS/MS. Our results demonstrated that the transport mechanism of five immune-active peptides at the cell level was bypass transport. In addition, the majority of peptide RYPLGYL was transported through the monolayer cell membrane as an intact form for playing immune-active functions. The KHPIK and FFSDK were mainly degraded into small fragments, except for a small amount passing through Caco-2 cells in an entire form. Overall, these results suggested that casein or its immune-active peptides might play a role in regulation of the intestinal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xue
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jingjing Han
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Jun Ma
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Hongxin Song
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Baoyuan He
- College of Bioresources Chemical & Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Meixia Yi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
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24
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Fekete EE, Figeys D, Zhang X. Microbiota-directed biotherapeutics: considerations for quality and functional assessment. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2186671. [PMID: 36896938 PMCID: PMC10012963 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2186671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence points to causative or correlative roles of gut microbiome in the development of a myriad of diseases ranging from gastrointestinal diseases, metabolic diseases to neurological disorders and cancers. Consequently, efforts have been made to develop and apply therapeutics targeting the human microbiome, in particular the gut microbiota, for treating diseases and maintaining wellness. Here we summarize the current development of gut microbiota-directed therapeutics with a focus on novel biotherapeutics, elaborate the need of advanced -omics approaches for evaluating the microbiota-type biotherapeutics, and discuss the clinical and regulatory challenges. We also discuss the development and potential application of ex vivo microbiome assays and in vitro intestinal cellular models in this context. Altogether, this review aims to provide a broad view of promises and challenges of the emerging field of microbiome-directed human healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ef Fekete
- Regulatory Research Division, Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniel Figeys
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Xu Zhang
- Regulatory Research Division, Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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25
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Rudolph SE, Longo BN, Tse MW, Houchin MR, Shokoufandeh MM, Chen Y, Kaplan DL. Crypt-Villus Scaffold Architecture for Bioengineering Functional Human Intestinal Epithelium. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4942-4955. [PMID: 36191009 PMCID: PMC10379436 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Crypt-villus architecture in the small intestine is crucial for the structural integrity of the intestinal epithelium and maintenance of gut homeostasis. We utilized three-dimensional (3D) printing and inverse molding techniques to form three-dimensional (3D) spongy scaffold systems that resemble the intestinal crypt-villus microarchitecture. The scaffolds consist of silk fibroin protein with curved lumens with rows of protruding villi with invaginating crypts to generate the architecture. Intestinal cell (Caco-2, HT29-MTX) attachment and growth, as well as long-term culture support were demonstrated with cell polarization and tissue barrier properties compared to two-dimensional (2D) Transwell culture controls. Further, physiologically relevant oxygen gradients were generated in the 3D system. The various advantages of this system may be ascribed to the more physiologically relevant 3D environment, offering a system for the exploration of disease pathogenesis, host-microbiome interactions, and therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Rudolph
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Brooke N Longo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Megan W Tse
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Megan R Houchin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Mina M Shokoufandeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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26
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Efficacy of Selected Live Biotherapeutic Candidates to Inhibit the Interaction of an Adhesive-Invasive Escherichia coli Strain with Caco-2, HT29-MTX Cells and Their Co-Culture. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092245. [PMID: 36140346 PMCID: PMC9496071 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) has been implicated as a microbiological factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We evaluated the ability of six live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) to inhibit the interaction of an AIEC strain to three cell lines representing human gut epithelium. Co-inoculation of LBPs with AIEC showed a reduction in adhesion (up to 73%) and invasion of AIEC (up to 89%). Pre-inoculation of LBPs in HT-29-MTX and Caco-2 cells before challenging with AIEC further reduced the adhesion and invasion of the AIEC, with three LBPs showing significantly (p < 0.0001) higher efficiency in reducing the adhesion of AIEC. In co-inoculation experiments, the highest reduction in adhesion (73%) of AIEC was observed in HT-29-MTX cells, whereas the highest reduction in invasion (89%) was seen in HT-29-MTX and the co-culture of cells. Pre-inoculation of LBPs further reduced the invasion of AIEC with highest reduction (97%) observed in co-culture of cells. Our results indicated that whilst there were differences in the efficacy of LBPs, they all reduced interaction of AIEC with cell lines representing gut epithelium. Their efficiency was higher when they were pre-inoculated onto the cells, suggesting their potential as candidates for alleviating pathogenesis of AIEC in patients with IBD.
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27
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Hoyle H, Stenger C, Przyborski S. Design considerations of benchtop fluid flow bioreactors for bio-engineered tissue equivalents in vitro. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2022; 8:100063. [PMID: 36824373 PMCID: PMC9934498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2022.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major aims of bio-engineering tissue equivalents in vitro is to create physiologically relevant culture conditions to accurately recreate the cellular microenvironment. This often includes incorporation of factors such as the extracellular matrix, co-culture of multiple cell types and three-dimensional culture techniques. These advanced techniques can recapitulate some of the properties of tissue in vivo, however fluid flow is a key aspect that is often absent. Fluid flow can be introduced into cell and tissue culture using bioreactors, which are becoming increasingly common as we seek to produce increasingly accurate tissue models. Bespoke technology is continuously being developed to tailor systems for specific applications and to allow compatibility with a range of culture techniques. For effective perfusion of a tissue culture many parameters can be controlled, ranging from impacts of the fluid flow such as increased shear stress and mass transport, to potentially unwanted side effects such as temperature fluctuations. A thorough understanding of these properties and their implications on the culture model can aid with a more accurate interpretation of results. Improved and more complete characterisation of bioreactor properties will also lead to greater accuracy when reporting culture conditions in protocols, aiding experimental reproducibility, and allowing more precise comparison of results between different systems. In this review we provide an analysis of the different factors involved in the development of benchtop flow bioreactors and their potential biological impacts across a range of applications.
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Key Words
- 3D, three-dimensional
- ABS, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
- ALI, air-liquid interface
- Bioreactors
- CFD, computational fluid dynamics
- Cell culture
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FDM, fused deposition modelling
- Fluid flow
- PC, polycarbonate
- PET, polyethylene terephthalate
- PLA, polylactic acid
- PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene
- SLA, stereolithography
- Tissue engineering
- UL, unstirred layer
- UV, ultraviolet light
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Affiliation(s)
- H.W. Hoyle
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - C.M.L. Stenger
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - S.A. Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK,NETPark Incubator, Reprocell Europe Ltd., Thomas Wright Way, Sedgefield TS21 3FD, UK,Corresponding author at: Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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28
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Centella asiatica-Derived Endothelial Paracrine Restores Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Radiation-Induced Enteritis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162544. [PMID: 36010621 PMCID: PMC9406831 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced enteritis is frequently observed following radiotherapy for cancer or occurs due to radiation exposure in a nuclear accident. The loss of the epithelial integrity leads to ‘leaky gut’, so recovery of damaged epithelium is an important strategy in therapeutic trials. Centella asiatica (CA), a traditional herbal medicine, is widely used for wound healing by protecting against endothelial damage. In this study, we investigated the radio-mitigating effect of CA, focusing on the crosstalk between endothelial and epithelial cells. CA treatment relieved radiation-induced endothelial dysfunction and mitigated radiation-induced enteritis. In particular, treatment of the conditioned media from CA-treated irradiated endothelial cells recovered radiation-induced epithelial barrier damage. We also determined that epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a critical factor secreted by CA-treated irradiated endothelial cells. Treatment with EGF effectively improved the radiation-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction. We also identified the therapeutic effects of CA-induced endothelial paracrine in a radiation-induced enteritis mouse model with epithelial barrier restoration. Otherwise, CA treatment did not show radioprotective effects on colorectal tumors in vivo. We showed therapeutic effects of CA on radiation-induced enteritis, with the recovery of endothelial and epithelial dysfunction. Thus, our findings suggest that CA is an effective radio-mitigator against radiation-induced enteritis.
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29
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Fleury L, Deracinois B, Dugardin C, Nongonierma AB, FitzGerald RJ, Flahaut C, Cudennec B, Ravallec R. In Vivo and In Vitro Comparison of the DPP-IV Inhibitory Potential of Food Proteins from Different Origins after Gastrointestinal Digestion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158365. [PMID: 35955493 PMCID: PMC9369239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) plays an essential role in glucose metabolism by inactivating incretins. In this context, food-protein-derived DPP-IV inhibitors are promising glycemic regulators which may act by preventing the onset of type 2 diabetes in personalized nutrition. In this study, the DPP-IV-inhibitory potential of seven proteins from diverse origins was compared for the first time in vitro and in vivo in rat plasma after the intestinal barrier (IB) passage of the indigested proteins. The DPP-IV-inhibitory potentials of bovine hemoglobin, caseins, chicken ovalbumin, fish gelatin, and pea proteins were determined in rat plasma thirty minutes after oral administration. In parallel, these proteins, together with bovine whey and gluten proteins, were digested using the harmonized INFOGEST protocol adapted for proteins. The DPP-IV half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined in situ using Caco-2 cells. The DPP-IV-inhibitory activity was also measured after IB passage using a Caco2/HT29-MTX mixed-cell model. The peptide profiles were analyzed using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-MS/MS) with MS data bioinformatics management, and the IC50 of the identified peptides was predicted in silico. The in vitro and in vivo DPP-IV-inhibitory activity of the proteins differed according to their origin. Vegetable proteins and hemoglobin yielded the highest DPP-IV-inhibitory activity in vivo. However, no correlation was found between the in vivo and in vitro results. This may be partially explained by the differences between the peptidome analysis and the in silico predictions, as well as the study complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Fleury
- UMR-T 1158, BioEcoAgro, University of Lille, 59650 Lille, France; (L.F.); (B.D.); (C.D.); (C.F.)
| | - Barbara Deracinois
- UMR-T 1158, BioEcoAgro, University of Lille, 59650 Lille, France; (L.F.); (B.D.); (C.D.); (C.F.)
| | - Camille Dugardin
- UMR-T 1158, BioEcoAgro, University of Lille, 59650 Lille, France; (L.F.); (B.D.); (C.D.); (C.F.)
| | - Alice B. Nongonierma
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (A.B.N.); (R.J.F.)
| | - Richard J. FitzGerald
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (A.B.N.); (R.J.F.)
| | - Christophe Flahaut
- UMR-T 1158, BioEcoAgro, University of Lille, 59650 Lille, France; (L.F.); (B.D.); (C.D.); (C.F.)
| | - Benoit Cudennec
- UMR-T 1158, BioEcoAgro, University of Lille, 59650 Lille, France; (L.F.); (B.D.); (C.D.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (R.R.)
| | - Rozenn Ravallec
- UMR-T 1158, BioEcoAgro, University of Lille, 59650 Lille, France; (L.F.); (B.D.); (C.D.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (R.R.)
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De Gregorio V, Sgambato C, Urciuolo F, Vecchione R, Netti PA, Imparato G. Immunoresponsive microbiota-gut-on-chip reproduces barrier dysfunction, stromal reshaping and probiotics translocation under inflammation. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rodrigues D, Coyle L, Füzi B, Ferreira S, Jo H, Herpers B, Chung SW, Fisher C, Kleinjans JCS, Jennen D, de Kok TM. Unravelling Mechanisms of Doxorubicin-Induced Toxicity in 3D Human Intestinal Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031286. [PMID: 35163210 PMCID: PMC8836276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is widely used in the treatment of different cancers, and its side effects can be severe in many tissues, including the intestines. Symptoms such as diarrhoea and abdominal pain caused by intestinal inflammation lead to the interruption of chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms associated with doxorubicin intestinal toxicity have been poorly explored. This study aims to investigate such mechanisms by exposing 3D small intestine and colon organoids to doxorubicin and to evaluate transcriptomic responses in relation to viability and apoptosis as physiological endpoints. The in vitro concentrations and dosing regimens of doxorubicin were selected based on physiologically based pharmacokinetic model simulations of treatment regimens recommended for cancer patients. Cytotoxicity and cell morphology were evaluated as well as gene expression and biological pathways affected by doxorubicin. In both types of organoids, cell cycle, the p53 signalling pathway, and oxidative stress were the most affected pathways. However, significant differences between colon and SI organoids were evident, particularly in essential metabolic pathways. Short time-series expression miner was used to further explore temporal changes in gene profiles, which identified distinct tissue responses. Finally, in silico proteomics revealed important proteins involved in doxorubicin metabolism and cellular processes that were in line with the transcriptomic responses, including cell cycle and senescence, transport of molecules, and mitochondria impairment. This study provides new insight into doxorubicin-induced effects on the gene expression levels in the intestines. Currently, we are exploring the potential use of these data in establishing quantitative systems toxicology models for the prediction of drug-induced gastrointestinal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.C.S.K.); (D.J.); (T.M.d.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luke Coyle
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA; (L.C.); (S.-W.C.)
| | - Barbara Füzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Sofia Ferreira
- Certara UK Limited, Simcyp Division, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK; (S.F.); (H.J.); (C.F.)
| | - Heeseung Jo
- Certara UK Limited, Simcyp Division, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK; (S.F.); (H.J.); (C.F.)
| | - Bram Herpers
- Crown Bioscience Netherlands B.V., J.H. Oortweg 21, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Seung-Wook Chung
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA; (L.C.); (S.-W.C.)
| | - Ciarán Fisher
- Certara UK Limited, Simcyp Division, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK; (S.F.); (H.J.); (C.F.)
| | - Jos C. S. Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.C.S.K.); (D.J.); (T.M.d.K.)
| | - Danyel Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.C.S.K.); (D.J.); (T.M.d.K.)
| | - Theo M. de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.C.S.K.); (D.J.); (T.M.d.K.)
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Metry M, Polli JE. Evaluation of Excipient Risk in BCS Class I and III Biowaivers. AAPS J 2022; 24:20. [PMID: 34988701 PMCID: PMC8817461 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review article is to summarize literature data pertinent to potential excipient effects on intestinal drug permeability and transit. Despite the use of excipients in drug products for decades, considerable research efforts have been directed towards evaluating their potential effects on drug bioavailability. Potential excipient concerns stem from drug formulation changes (e.g., scale-up and post-approval changes, development of a new generic product). Regulatory agencies have established in vivo bioequivalence standards and, as a result, may waive the in vivo requirement, known as a biowaiver, for some oral products. Biowaiver acceptance criteria are based on the in vitro characterization of the drug substance and drug product using the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS). Various regulatory guidance documents have been issued regarding BCS-based biowaivers, such that the current FDA guidance is more restrictive than prior guidance, specifically about excipient risk. In particular, sugar alcohols have been identified as potential absorption-modifying excipients. These biowaivers and excipient risks are discussed here. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Metry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James E Polli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Hoyle HW, Mobbs CL, Przyborski SA. Applying Stirred Perfusion to 3D Tissue Equivalents to Mimic the Dynamic In Vivo Microenvironment. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2436:241-256. [PMID: 34724187 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Complex three-dimensional (3D) tissue equivalents have been widely developed with applications with a multitude of organs and tissues. While these systems lead to significant improvements over conventional two-dimensional culture, the static conditions of the surrounding medium still present a limitation to the physiological relevance of these models. Medium perfusion and convective mixing can be introduced to these models through a variety of techniques using equipment such as pumps and rockers. These systems can easily become very complex or suffer from limited control over the fluid flow properties. We have developed a bioreactor enabling controlled perfusion of 3D tissue equivalents utilizing a magnetic stirrer-based system, allowing for scalability and ease of use. This system has demonstrated potential applications in a range of tissues such as the liver, intestine, and skin, with many other potential applications yet to be tested. Our solution provides users with a low cost and easy to use alternative to complex bioreactor systems while still providing high levels of control over fluid flow and structural properties of the tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W Hoyle
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Claire L Mobbs
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Stefan A Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK.
- REPROCELL Europe Ltd., NETPark Incubator, Sedgefield, UK.
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Zietek T, Boomgaarden WAD, Rath E. Drug Screening, Oral Bioavailability and Regulatory Aspects: A Need for Human Organoids. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1280. [PMID: 34452240 PMCID: PMC8399541 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium critically contributes to oral bioavailability of drugs by constituting an important site for drug absorption and metabolism. In particular, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) actively serve as gatekeepers of drug and nutrient availability. IECs' transport processes and metabolism are interrelated to the whole-body metabolic state and represent potential points of origin as well as therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases. Human intestinal organoids represent a superior model of the intestinal epithelium, overcoming limitations of currently used in vitro models. Caco-2 cells or rodent explant models face drawbacks such as their cancer and non-human origin, respectively, but are commonly used to study intestinal nutrient absorption, enterocyte metabolism and oral drug bioavailability, despite poorly correlative data. In contrast, intestinal organoids allow investigating distinct aspects of bioavailability including spatial resolution of transport, inter-individual differences and high-throughput screenings. As several countries have already developed strategic roadmaps to phase out animal experiments for regulatory purposes, intestinal organoid culture and organ-on-a-chip technology in combination with in silico approaches are roads to go in the preclinical and regulatory setup and will aid implementing the 3Rs (reduction, refinement and replacement) principle in basic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zietek
- Doctors against Animal Experiments, 51143 Köln, Germany
| | | | - Eva Rath
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Lindner M, Laporte A, Block S, Elomaa L, Weinhart M. Physiological Shear Stress Enhances Differentiation, Mucus-Formation and Structural 3D Organization of Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro. Cells 2021; 10:2062. [PMID: 34440830 PMCID: PMC8391940 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) mucus plays a pivotal role in the tissue homoeostasis and functionality of the gut. However, due to the shortage of affordable, realistic in vitro GI models with a physiologically relevant mucus layer, studies with deeper insights into structural and compositional changes upon chemical or physical manipulation of the system are rare. To obtain an improved mucus-containing cell model, we developed easy-to-use, reusable culture chambers that facilitated the application of GI shear stresses (0.002-0.08 dyn∙cm-2) to cells on solid surfaces or membranes of cell culture inserts in bioreactor systems, thus making them readily accessible for subsequent analyses, e.g., by confocal microscopy or transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurement. The human mucus-producing epithelial HT29-MTX cell-line exhibited superior reorganization into 3-dimensional villi-like structures with highly proliferative tips under dynamic culture conditions when compared to static culture (up to 180 vs. 80 µm in height). Additionally, the median mucus layer thickness was significantly increased under flow (50 ± 24 vs. 29 ± 14 µm (static)), with a simultaneous accelerated maturation of the cells into a goblet-like phenotype. We demonstrated the strong impact of culture conditions on the differentiation and reorganization of HT29-MTX cells. The results comprise valuable advances towards the improvement of existing GI and mucus models or the development of novel systems using our newly designed culture chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lindner
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (M.L.); (S.B.); (L.E.)
| | - Anna Laporte
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Stephan Block
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (M.L.); (S.B.); (L.E.)
| | - Laura Elomaa
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (M.L.); (S.B.); (L.E.)
| | - Marie Weinhart
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (M.L.); (S.B.); (L.E.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany;
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Soriano L, Khalid T, O’Brien FJ, O’Leary C, Cryan SA. A Tissue-Engineered Tracheobronchial In Vitro Co-Culture Model for Determining Epithelial Toxicological and Inflammatory Responses. Biomedicines 2021; 9:631. [PMID: 34199462 PMCID: PMC8226664 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation of novel inhalable therapies for respiratory diseases is hampered due to the lack of in vitro cell models that reflect the complexity of native tissue, resulting in many novel drugs and formulations failing to progress beyond preclinical assessments. The development of physiologically-representative tracheobronchial tissue analogues has the potential to improve the translation of new treatments by more accurately reflecting in vivo respiratory pharmacological and toxicological responses. Herein, advanced tissue-engineered collagen hyaluronic acid bilayered scaffolds (CHyA-B) previously developed within our group were used to evaluate bacterial and drug-induced toxicity and inflammation for the first time. Calu-3 bronchial epithelial cells and Wi38 lung fibroblasts were grown on either CHyA-B scaffolds (3D) or Transwell® inserts (2D) under air liquid interface (ALI) conditions. Toxicological and inflammatory responses from epithelial monocultures and co-cultures grown in 2D or 3D were compared, using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bleomycin challenges to induce bacterial and drug responses in vitro. The 3D in vitro model exhibited significant epithelial barrier formation that was maintained upon introduction of co-culture conditions. Barrier integrity showed differential recovery in CHyA-B and Transwell® epithelial cultures. Basolateral secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines to bacterial challenge was found to be higher from cells grown in 3D compared to 2D. In addition, higher cytotoxicity and increased basolateral levels of cytokines were detected when epithelial cultures grown in 3D were challenged with bleomycin. CHyA-B scaffolds support the growth and differentiation of bronchial epithelial cells in a 3D co-culture model with different transepithelial resistance in comparison to the same co-cultures grown on Transwell® inserts. Epithelial cultures in an extracellular matrix like environment show distinct responses in cytokine release and metabolic activity compared to 2D polarised models, which better mimic in vivo response to toxic and inflammatory stimuli offering an innovative in vitro platform for respiratory drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Soriano
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (L.S.); (T.K.); (C.O.)
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tehreem Khalid
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (L.S.); (T.K.); (C.O.)
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O’Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cian O’Leary
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (L.S.); (T.K.); (C.O.)
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (L.S.); (T.K.); (C.O.)
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
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Fedi A, Vitale C, Ponschin G, Ayehunie S, Fato M, Scaglione S. In vitro models replicating the human intestinal epithelium for absorption and metabolism studies: A systematic review. J Control Release 2021; 335:247-268. [PMID: 34033859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) studies represent a fundamental step in the early stages of drug discovery. In particular, the absorption of orally administered drugs, which occurs at the intestinal level, has gained attention since poor oral bioavailability often led to failures for new drug approval. In this context, several in vitro preclinical models have been recently developed and optimized to better resemble human physiology in the lab and serve as an animal alternative to accomplish the 3Rs principles. However, numerous models are ineffective in recapitulating the key features of the human small intestine epithelium and lack of prediction potential for drug absorption and metabolism during the preclinical stage. In this review, we provide an overview of in vitro models aimed at mimicking the intestinal barrier for pharmaceutical screening. After briefly describing how the human small intestine works, we present i) conventional 2D synthetic and cell-based systems, ii) 3D models replicating the main features of the intestinal architecture, iii) micro-physiological systems (MPSs) reproducing the dynamic stimuli to which cells are exposed in the native microenvironment. In this review, we will highlight the benefits and drawbacks of the leading intestinal models used for drug absorption and metabolism studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Fedi
- Department of Computer Science, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy; National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications (IEIIT) Institute, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Vitale
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications (IEIIT) Institute, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Ponschin
- Department of Computer Science, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Marco Fato
- Department of Computer Science, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy; National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications (IEIIT) Institute, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Scaglione
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications (IEIIT) Institute, 16149 Genoa, Italy.
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Development of polyoxyethylene (2) oleyl ether-gliadin nanoparticles: Characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 162:105849. [PMID: 33857638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural polymers have been widely investigated as materials for the delivery of active compounds as a consequence of their biocompatibility, low-cost and the opportunity they furnish to obtain micro- and nanostructures. In this investigation, commercial wheat gliadin was used as raw material with the aim of obtaining a vegetal protein-based nanoformulation to be used for various applications. The influence of non-ionic and anionic surfactants on the physico-chemical properties of gliadin nanoparticles was evaluated in order to propose a suitable candidate able to stabilize the colloidal structure. The use of Super Refined polyoxyethylene (2) oleyl ether gave the best results, promoting the formation of spherical-shaped nanosystems with a narrow size distribution. The oleyl ether-based emulsifier prevented the destabilization of the colloidal systems when pH- and temperature-dependent stress was applied. A freeze-dried formulation was obtained when mannose was used as a cryoprotectant. Polyoxyethylene (2) oleyl ether-stabilized nanosystems were shown to retain and release both hydrophilic and lipophilic model compounds in a controlled manner. The cytotoxicity of the surfactant-free and polyoxyethylene (2) oleyl ether-stabilized gliadin based nanosystems was assessed on human cells, both normal and tumoural, in order to investigate the concentrations of particles that can be used during in vitro experiments. Polyoxyethylene (2) oleyl ether-stabilized gliadin-based nanosystems are promising carriers for the delivery of several active compounds.
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Pinto D, Silva AM, Freitas V, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Delerue-Matos C, Rodrigues F. Microwave-Assisted Extraction as a Green Technology Approach to Recover Polyphenols from Castanea sativa Shells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acsfoodscitech.0c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pinto
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vitor Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021/1055, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M. P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
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