1
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Alshewered AS. The Parasitism and Tumors Carcinogenesis: A Review Subject. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:183-189. [PMID: 38489011 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00832-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-factorial reasons are an induction to cause cancer. Different infections and infestations with viruses, bacteria, and parasites have been detected for many years to be related to human carcinogenesis. PURPOSE The study aimed to review all ideas of tumor carcinogenesis and its associations with parasitic infections and infestations. METHODS We reviewed several articles (published and imprinted) by selecting, extracting, and synthesizing data about the relationship between cancers and parasites. RESULTS Several helminths infections as schistosomiasis, are highly carcinogenic agents for bladder cancer, whereas trypanosomiasis has a bi-model role in cancer development. Leishmaniasis may be a cause of hepatocarcinoma, skin cancer, and lymphomas. In addition, malaria appears to be causative in the carcinogenesis of some cancers; as Burkitt lymphoma. Also, data from previous studies suggested that Strongyloides stercoralis may be a relevant co-factor in lymphomas. CONCLUSION There are different mechanisms of parasitic infection to be enhancing in carcinogenesis of cancer in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Salih Alshewered
- Misan Radiation Oncology Center, Misan Health Directorate, Ministry of Health/Environment, Misan, Iraq.
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2
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Feng X, Deng J, Zhang Z, Yu F, Zhang J, Shi T, Sun H, Qi M, Liu X. Dominant infection of Cryptosporidium baileyi in broiler chickens in Zhejiang Province, China. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:1993-2000. [PMID: 37347286 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is a common enteric parasite in chickens. A total of 812 fecal specimens were collected from 11 broiler farms in Zhejiang Province, China, and analyzed by nested PCR amplification based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. The overall infection rate of Cryptosporidium was 6.3% (51/812), and five of 11 farms were Cryptosporidium positive. Broilers aged > 90 days accounted for the highest infection rate of 16.1% (6/56), followed by those aged 30-60 days (10.6%, 38/358) and 60-90 days (4/378, 1.1%). Two Cryptosporidium species were identified by sequence analysis, with the predominant species being C. baileyi (96.1%, 49/51) and the minor infection being C. meleagridis (3.9%, 2/51). Based on the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene, two C. meleagridis-positive isolates were identified as one known subtype, IIIbA24G1R1. This study indicated the common occurrence of C. baileyi in broiler chickens in this region and low zoonotic transmission potential of Cryptosporidium to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jinhua Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fuchang Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tuanyuan Shi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongchao Sun
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Meng Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Xuehan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China.
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3
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Ulusan Bagci O, Guldaval F, Muftuoglu C, Mert U, Serce Unat D, Unat OS, Polat G, Toz S, Caner A. A Pilot Study on the Evaluation of Cryptosporidium Infection in Patients with Lung Cancer; Respiratory Cryptosporidiosis. Jpn J Infect Dis 2022; 75:569-574. [PMID: 35908878 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2022.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lung carcinoma is one the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Increasing evidences have shown that Cryptosporidium spp., an opportunistic parasite, is associated with cancers, causing a life-threatening infection. The most common clinical form of Cryptosporidium is intestinal infection. However, respiratory cryptosporidiosis has been rarely documented although the parasite infects respiratory epithelium cells as well as GIS epithelium cells. To evaluate respiratory cryptosporidiosis in patients with lung cancer, we investigated Cryptopsoridium spp. in patients with lung cancer (n=69) by comparing with healthy groups (n=40). Sputum and stool samples were tested by microscopic examination and polymerase chain reaction. Two cancer patients were diagnosed with respiratory cryptosporidiosis (2.9%), by PCR examination of the sputum samples. Cryptopsoridium spp. was detected in the stool sample of one patient (1.5%), and two healthy individuals (5.4%), by PCR and microscopy. Firstly, respiratory cryptosporidiosis was documented in two patients with lung cancer. Cryptosporidium is an important agent of respiratory tract infection as well as GIS infection, in cancer patients. These new findings highlight the molecular prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp., an opportunistic infection, in patients with lung cancer, and respiratory cryptosporidiosis should also be considered when patients have respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Ulusan Bagci
- Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Microbiology Laboratory, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Turkey.,Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Basic Oncology, Ege University, Turkey
| | - Filiz Guldaval
- Chest Disease Department, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Disease and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Can Muftuoglu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Basic Oncology, Ege University, Turkey.,Translational Pulmonary Research Group (EGESAM), Ege University, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Mert
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Basic Oncology, Ege University, Turkey.,Translational Pulmonary Research Group (EGESAM), Ege University, Turkey.,Atatürk Health Care Vocational School, Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Ege University, Turkey
| | - Damla Serce Unat
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Basic Oncology, Ege University, Turkey.,Chest Disease Department, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Disease and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Omer Selim Unat
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Chest Disease, Ege University, Turkey
| | - Gulru Polat
- Chest Disease Department, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Disease and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Seray Toz
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Parasitology, Ege University, Turkey
| | - Ayse Caner
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Basic Oncology, Ege University, Turkey.,Translational Pulmonary Research Group (EGESAM), Ege University, Turkey.,Faculty of Medicine Department of Parasitology, Ege University, Turkey.,Cancer Research Center, Ege University, Turkey
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4
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Cryptosporidium and colorectal cancer: a review of epidemiology and possible association. FORUM OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/fco-2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is an important protozoan disease with serious public health implications. The contribution of Cryptosporidium to colorectal cancer is still vaguely studied, but little evidence from experimental and epidemiological studies has suggested a possible association. This review discusses the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis and colorectal cancer and attempts to unravel the possible link between the two diseases using epidemiological, pathological, molecular, and immunological evidence. The review stressed the need to undertake more studies in this relatively neglected field.
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5
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Persistent Cryptosporidium parvum Infection Leads to the Development of the Tumor Microenvironment in an Experimental Mouse Model: Results of a Microarray Approach. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122569. [PMID: 34946170 PMCID: PMC8704780 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium spp. are enteric protozoa parasites that infect a variety of vertebrate hosts. These parasites are capable of inducing life-threatening gastrointestinal disease in immunocompromised individuals. With the rising epidemiological evidence of the occurrence of Cryptosporidium infections in humans with digestive cancer, the tumorigenic potential of the parasite has been speculated. In this regard, Cryptosporidium parvum has been reported to induce digestive adenocarcinoma in a rodent model of chronic cryptosporidiosis. However, the processes by which the parasite could induce this carcinogenesis are still unknown. Therefore, the transcriptomes of C. parvum infected ileo-cecal regions of mice developing tumors were analyzed in the current study. For the first time, downregulation of the expression of α-defensin, an anti-microbial target of the parasite in response to C. parvum infection was observed in the transformed tissues. This phenomenon has been speculated to be the result of resistance of C. parvum to the host defense through the upregulated expression of interferon γ-stimulated genes. The inflammatory response generated as result of attenuated expression of anti-microbial peptides highlights the role of immune evasion in the C. parvum-induced tumorigenesis. The study has also succeeded in the characterization of the tumor microenvironment (TME) which is characterized by the presence of cancer associated fibroblasts, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor-associated macrophages and extracellular matrix components. Identification of immune suppressor cells and accumulation of pro-inflammatory mediators speculates that chronic inflammation induced by persistent C. parvum infection assists in development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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6
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Ryan U, Zahedi A, Feng Y, Xiao L. An Update on Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Species and Genotypes in Humans. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3307. [PMID: 34828043 PMCID: PMC8614385 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The enteric parasite, Cryptosporidium is a major cause of diarrhoeal illness in humans and animals worldwide. No effective therapeutics or vaccines are available and therefore control is dependent on understanding transmission dynamics. The development of molecular detection and typing tools has resulted in the identification of a large number of cryptic species and genotypes and facilitated our understanding of their potential for zoonotic transmission. Of the 44 recognised Cryptosporidium species and >120 genotypes, 19 species, and four genotypes have been reported in humans with C. hominis, C. parvum, C. meleagridis, C. canis and C. felis being the most prevalent. The development of typing tools that are still lacking some zoonotic species and genotypes and more extensive molecular epidemiological studies in countries where the potential for transmission is highest are required to further our understanding of this important zoonotic pathogen. Similarly, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and amplicon next-generation sequencing (NGS) are important for more accurately tracking transmission and understanding the mechanisms behind host specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Ryan
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6152, Australia;
| | - Alireza Zahedi
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6152, Australia;
| | - Yaoyu Feng
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.F.); (L.X.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lihua Xiao
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.F.); (L.X.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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7
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Mathison BA, Sapp SGH. An annotated checklist of the eukaryotic parasites of humans, exclusive of fungi and algae. Zookeys 2021; 1069:1-313. [PMID: 34819766 PMCID: PMC8595220 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1069.67403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The classification of "parasites" in the medical field is a challenging notion, a group which historically has included all eukaryotes exclusive of fungi that invade and derive resources from the human host. Since antiquity, humans have been identifying and documenting parasitic infections, and this collective catalog of parasitic agents has expanded considerably with technology. As our understanding of species boundaries and the use of molecular tools has evolved, so has our concept of the taxonomy of human parasites. Consequently, new species have been recognized while others have been relegated to synonyms. On the other hand, the decline of expertise in classical parasitology and limited curricula have led to a loss of awareness of many rarely encountered species. Here, we provide a comprehensive checklist of all reported eukaryotic organisms (excluding fungi and allied taxa) parasitizing humans resulting in 274 genus-group taxa and 848 species-group taxa. For each species, or genus where indicated, a concise summary of geographic distribution, natural hosts, route of transmission and site within human host, and vectored pathogens are presented. Ubiquitous, human-adapted species as well as very rare, incidental zoonotic organisms are discussed in this annotated checklist. We also provide a list of 79 excluded genera and species that have been previously reported as human parasites but are not believed to be true human parasites or represent misidentifications or taxonomic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaine A. Mathison
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USAInstitute for Clinical and Experimental PathologySalt Lake CityUnited States of America
| | - Sarah G. H. Sapp
- Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USACenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaUnited States of America
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8
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Kopacz Ż, Kváč M, Piesiak P, Szydłowicz M, Hendrich AB, Sak B, McEvoy J, Kicia M. Cryptosporidium baileyi Pulmonary Infection in Immunocompetent Woman with Benign Neoplasm. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:1958-1961. [PMID: 32687044 PMCID: PMC7392468 DOI: 10.3201/eid2608.201117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium baileyi, a bird-specific parasite, infects gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and urinary tracts of its host. We report on a C. baileyi infection associated with pulmonary hamartoma in an immunocompetent patient in Poland. Further work is needed to investigate the association between Cryptosporidium infections and tumors.
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9
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Wang Z, Du Z, Sheng H, Xu X, Wang W, Yang J, Sun J, Yang J. Polarization of intestinal tumour-associated macrophages regulates the development of schistosomal colorectal cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:1033-1041. [PMID: 33442402 PMCID: PMC7797650 DOI: 10.7150/jca.48985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) can be divided into M1 and M2 TAMs. M2 TAMs play an important role in tumor progression, promoting a pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive signal in the tumor. Previous studies have shown a correlation between schistosomiasis and colorectal cancer (CRC), but the specific mechanism has not been clarified. The differences between schistosomal CRC and non-schistosomal CRC were explored by analysing the clinicopathological data and survival time prognosis of schistosomal CRC and non-schistosomal CRC patients. The underlying mechanisms leading to the differences were investigated via tissue pathology experiments. Here, we investigated whether TAMs play a role in schistosomal CRC, leading to different clinicopathological features and prognoses in schistosomal CRC and non-schistosomal CRC patients and whether TAMs have a regulatory effect on the development and prognosis of schistosomal CRC. We found that schistosomal CRC and non-schistosomal CRC patients differ in age, sex, TNM staging and prognosis survival. Applying a logistic regression analysis model, the results showed that age, sex, pathological T stage and combined schistosomiasis were independent risk factors for CRC. Prognostic analysis of follow-up patients with schistosomal CRC found that the T stage, M stage and M2 TAMs numbers were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). TAMs are significantly higher in tissues of schistosomal CRC than in non-schistosomal CRC patients, especially M2 TAMs. Studies on schistosomal colorectal tissue found that the expression of M2 TAMs increased with the malignant process of intestinal tissue. In summary, schistosomal CRC and non-schistosomal CRC patients have different clinicopathological features and prognosis, schistosomiasis is a risk factor for CRC and M2 TAMs are independent prognostic factors for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Sheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P. R. China
| | - Xiuliang Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The People's Hospital of Chizhou, Chizhou, Anhui 247000, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P. R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P. R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P. R. China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P. R. China
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10
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Altamimi MK, Al-Zubaidi MTS. High Prevalence of Cryptosporidium meleagridis in Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia domestica) Raises a Prospect of Zoonotic Transmission in Babylon Province, Iraq. THE IRAQI JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.30539/ijvm.v44i(e0).1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is one of the most common protozoan’s parasites with remarkable infectivity of a wide range of animals, including mammals and birds. Domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) act as a potential reservoir for several species of Cryptosporidium because they live in close proximity to humans. This study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium in domestic pigeons in Iraq. A total of one hundred samples obtained from feces of domestic pigeons in Babylon province were included. After being exposed to microbial examination, all fecal samples were subsequently screened by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the possible recognition of Cryptosporidium species. Microscopy tests detected only 14/100 (14%) of infection with Cryptosporidium, while molecular tests detected 21/100 (21%) of the same targeted parasite. Sequencing experiments showed a high prevalence of C. meleagridis with 13/21 (61.90%), followed by C. baileyi with 7/21 (33.33%), while only one infection was detected with C. hominis (1/21) (4.76%). No co-infection with mixed Cryptosporidium spp. was observed, and sex factor was not found to affect the infection rate. In conclusion, this study informed a high prevalence of C. meleagridis in domestic pigeons than both C. baileyi and C. hominis, respectively, signifying a higher zoonotic potential of C. meleagridis between domestic pigeons and their handlers. This finding may raise more questions with regard to the increasing infectivity of C. meleagridis in human. This is the first important screening study in Iraq that uses molecular methods for the detection of Cryptosporidium in domesticated pigeons.
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11
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de Aquino MCC, Inácio SV, Rodrigues FDS, de Barros LD, Garcia JL, Headley SA, Gomes JF, Bresciani KDS. Cryptosporidiosis and Giardiasis in Buffaloes ( Bubalus bubalis). Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:557967. [PMID: 33330686 PMCID: PMC7673452 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.557967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis infect the gastrointestinal tracts of animals and humans. Both parasite groups are distributed worldwide and cause significant economic losses in animal productivity. Infected hosts presenting with and without clinical manifestations can eliminate infective forms of these protozoa, which are particularly important to One Health. Compared to the published research on cattle, relatively few studies have examined the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in buffaloes. This short review describes the global occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis in buffaloes, including the molecular techniques employed for the identification of species/assemblages and genotypes of these protozoa. Genetic analyses of isolates of G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. from various sources (environmental, animal, and human) have been performed to investigate their epidemiology. In buffaloes, the species Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium ryanae, Cryptosporidium bovis, and Cryptosporidium suis-like have been characterized, as well as assemblages A and E of G. duodenalis. We demonstrate that buffaloes can be infected by species of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis assemblages with zoonotic potential. Epidemiological studies that utilize molecular biology techniques represent an important resource for efforts to control and prevent the spread of these protozoans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Valéria Inácio
- School of Veterinary Medicine Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Souza Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Luiz Daniel de Barros
- Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - João Luis Garcia
- Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resources Laboratory, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States.,Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Jancarlo Ferreira Gomes
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Image Data Science, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Sawant M, Baydoun M, Creusy C, Chabé M, Viscogliosi E, Certad G, Benamrouz-Vanneste S. Cryptosporidium and Colon Cancer: Cause or Consequence? Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1665. [PMID: 33121099 PMCID: PMC7692234 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of cancers attributable to infectious agents represents over 20% of the global cancer burden. The apicomplexan intracellular parasite Cryptosporidium is currently considered one of the major causes of mild and severe diarrhea worldwide. However, less attention has been paid to its tumorigenic potential despite the high exposure of humans and animals to this ubiquitous parasite. Herein, we discuss the potential causal link between Cryptosporidium infection and digestive cancer, with particular emphasis on colon cancer, based on increasing clinical, epidemiological and experimental pieces of evidence supporting this association. In addition, we highlight the current knowledge about the potential mechanisms by which this parasite may contribute to cell transformation and parasite-induced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Sawant
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.S.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (E.V.); (S.B.-V.)
| | - Martha Baydoun
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.S.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (E.V.); (S.B.-V.)
- INSERM, CHU-Lille, U1189-ONCO-THAI-Assisted Laser Therapy and Immunotherapy for Oncology, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Colette Creusy
- Service d’Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l’Institut Catholique de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Magali Chabé
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.S.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (E.V.); (S.B.-V.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Eric Viscogliosi
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.S.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (E.V.); (S.B.-V.)
| | - Gabriela Certad
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.S.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (E.V.); (S.B.-V.)
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l’Innovation, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l’Institut Catholique de Lille, F-59462 Lomme, France
| | - Sadia Benamrouz-Vanneste
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.S.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (E.V.); (S.B.-V.)
- Equipe Ecologie et Biodiversité, Unité de Recherche Smart and Sustainable Cities, Faculté de Gestion, Economie et Sciences, Institut Catholique de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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13
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Ahmed SA, Karanis P. Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis: The Perspective from the Gulf Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6824. [PMID: 32962045 PMCID: PMC7558405 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present review discusses the burden of cryptosporidiosis in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which is underreported and underestimated. It emphasizes that the Cryptosporidium parasite is infecting inhabitants and expatriates in the Gulf countries. Children under 5 years are a vulnerable group that is particularly affected by this parasitic disease and can act as carriers, who contribute to the epidemiology of the disease most probably via recreational swimming pools. Various risk factors for cryptosporidiosis in the GCC countries are present, including expatriates, predisposing populations to the infection. Water contamination, imported food, animal contact, and air transmission are also discussed in detail, to address their significant role as a source of infection and, thus, their impact on disease epidemiology in the Gulf countries' populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahira A. Ahmed
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Panagiotis Karanis
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, CY-1700 Nicosia 24005, Cyprus
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