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Rodríguez-Bejarano OH, Parra-López C, Patarroyo MA. A review concerning the breast cancer-related tumour microenvironment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 199:104389. [PMID: 38734280 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is currently the most common malignant tumour in women and one of the leading causes of their death around the world. New and increasingly personalised diagnostic and therapeutic tools have been introduced over the last few decades, along with significant advances regarding the study and knowledge related to BC. The tumour microenvironment (TME) refers to the tumour cell-associated cellular and molecular environment which can influence conditions affecting tumour development and progression. The TME is composed of immune cells, stromal cells, extracellular matrix (ECM) and signalling molecules secreted by these different cell types. Ever deeper understanding of TME composition changes during tumour development and progression will enable new and more innovative therapeutic strategies to become developed for targeting tumours during specific stages of its evolution. This review summarises the role of BC-related TME components and their influence on tumour progression and the development of resistance to therapy. In addition, an account on the modifications in BC-related TME components associated with therapy is given, and the completed or ongoing clinical trials related to this topic are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Hernán Rodríguez-Bejarano
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Calle 222#55-37, Bogotá 111166, Colombia; Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; PhD Programme in Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Carlos Parra-López
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogotá 111321, Colombia.
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogotá 111321, Colombia.
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Pu Y, Yang G, Zhou Y, Pan X, Guo T, Chai X. The Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is a vital player in Pan-Cancer by functioning as a M0 Macrophage biomarker. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112198. [PMID: 38733827 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has recently attracted considerable attention in cancer research; nonetheless, the insights provided by current investigations remain constrained. Our main objective was to investigate its role and the latent mechanisms within the pan-cancer realm. METHODS We used comprehensive pan-cancer bulk sequencing data and online network tools to investigate the association between MIF expression and patient prognosis, genomic instability, cancer cell stemness, DNA damage repair, and immune infiltration. Furthermore, we validated the relationship between MIF expression and M0 macrophages using single-cell datasets, the SpatialDB database, and fluorescence staining. Additionally, we assessed the therapeutic response using the ROC plotter tool. RESULTS We observed the upregulation of MIF expression across numerous cancer types. Notably, elevated MIF levels were associated with a decline in genomic stability. We found a significant correlation between increased MIF expression and increased expression of mismatch repair genes, stemness features, and homologous recombination genes across diverse malignancies. Subsequently, through an analysis using ESTIMATE and cytokine results, we revealed the involvement of MIF in immune suppression. Then, we validated MIF as a hallmark of the M0 macrophages involved in tumor immunity. Our study suggests an association with other immune-inhibitory cellular populations and restraint of CD8 + T cells. In addition, we conducted a comparative analysis of MIF expression before and after treatment in three distinct sets of therapy responders and non-responders. Intriguingly, we identified notable disparities in MIF expression patterns in bladder urothelial carcinoma and ovarian cancer following particular therapeutic interventions. CONCLUSION Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis revealed notable enrichment of MIF within M0 macrophages, exerting a profound influence on tumor-associated immunosuppression and the intricate machinery of DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Pu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Emergency Medicine and Difficult Disease Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guifang Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Emergency Medicine and Difficult Disease Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaogao Pan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Emergency Medicine and Difficult Disease Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tuo Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Emergency Medicine and Difficult Disease Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangping Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Emergency Medicine and Difficult Disease Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Cunha D, Neves M, Silva D, Silvestre AR, Nunes PB, Arrobas F, Ribot JC, Ferreira F, Moita LF, Soares-de-Almeida L, Silva JM, Filipe P, Ferreira J. Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells in Skin Basal Cell Carcinomas and Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Global Th1 Preponderance with Th17 Enrichment-A Cross-Sectional Study. Cells 2024; 13:964. [PMID: 38891095 PMCID: PMC11172364 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are high-incidence, non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). The success of immune-targeted therapies in advanced NMSCs led us to anticipate that NMSCs harbored significant populations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with potential anti-tumor activity. The main aim of this study was to characterize T cells infiltrating NMSCs. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were used to assess, respectively, the proportions and densities of T cell subpopulations in BCCs (n = 118), SCCs (n = 33), and normal skin (NS, n = 30). CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cell subsets, namely, Th1, Th2, Th17, Th9, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), CD8+ and CD4+ memory T cells, and γδ T cells were compared between NMSCs and NS samples. Remarkably, both BCCs and SCCs featured a significantly higher Th1/Th2 ratio (~four-fold) and an enrichment for Th17 cells. NMSCs also showed a significant enrichment for IFN-γ-producing CD8+T cells, and a depletion of γδ T cells. Using immunohistochemistry, NMSCs featured denser T cell infiltrates (CD4+, CD8+, and Tregs) than NS. Overall, these data favor a Th1-predominant response in BCCs and SCCs, providing support for immune-based treatments in NMSCs. Th17-mediated inflammation may play a role in the progression of NMSCs and thus become a potential therapeutic target in NMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cunha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.C.)
- Centro de Dermatologia, Hospital CUF Descobertas, 1998-018 Lisbon, Portugal
- Dermatology Unit, Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marco Neves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.C.)
| | - Daniela Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.C.)
| | - Ana Rita Silvestre
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital CUF Descobertas, 1998-018 Lisbon, Portugal (P.B.N.)
| | - Paula Borralho Nunes
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital CUF Descobertas, 1998-018 Lisbon, Portugal (P.B.N.)
- Instituto de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Arrobas
- Datamedica, Biostatistics Services and Consulting, 2610-008 Amadora, Portugal
| | - Julie C. Ribot
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.C.)
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís F. Moita
- Innate Immunity and Inflammation Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Luís Soares-de-Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.C.)
- Serviço de Dermatologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte EPE, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Clínica Dermatológica Universitária, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Maia Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.C.)
- Centro de Dermatologia, Hospital CUF Descobertas, 1998-018 Lisbon, Portugal
- Serviço de Dermatologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte EPE, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Clínica Dermatológica Universitária, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Filipe
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.C.)
- Serviço de Dermatologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte EPE, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Clínica Dermatológica Universitária, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.C.)
- Clínica Dermatológica Universitária, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
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Hsu SK, Chou CK, Lin IL, Chang WT, Kuo IY, Chiu CC. Deubiquitinating enzymes: potential regulators of the tumor microenvironment and implications for immune evasion. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:259. [PMID: 38715050 PMCID: PMC11075295 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination and deubiquitination are important forms of posttranslational modification that govern protein homeostasis. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), a protein superfamily consisting of more than 100 members, deconjugate ubiquitin chains from client proteins to regulate cellular homeostasis. However, the dysregulation of DUBs is reportedly associated with several diseases, including cancer. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a highly complex entity comprising diverse noncancerous cells (e.g., immune cells and stromal cells) and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Since TME heterogeneity is closely related to tumorigenesis and immune evasion, targeting TME components has recently been considered an attractive therapeutic strategy for restoring antitumor immunity. Emerging studies have revealed the involvement of DUBs in immune modulation within the TME, including the regulation of immune checkpoints and immunocyte infiltration and function, which renders DUBs promising for potent cancer immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the roles of DUBs in the crosstalk between tumors and their surrounding components have not been comprehensively reviewed. In this review, we discuss the involvement of DUBs in the dynamic interplay between tumors, immune cells, and stromal cells and illustrate how dysregulated DUBs facilitate immune evasion and promote tumor progression. We also summarize potential small molecules that target DUBs to alleviate immunosuppression and suppress tumorigenesis. Finally, we discuss the prospects and challenges regarding the targeting of DUBs in cancer immunotherapeutics and several urgent problems that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Kai Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chon-Kit Chou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, P.R. China
| | - I-Ling Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsan Chang
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - I-Ying Kuo
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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Flynn PA, Long MD, Kosaka Y, Long N, Mulkey JS, Coy JL, Agarwal A, Lind EF. Leukemic mutation FLT3-ITD is retained in dendritic cells and disrupts their homeostasis leading to expanded Th17 frequency. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1297338. [PMID: 38495876 PMCID: PMC10943691 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1297338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are mediators between innate and adaptive immune responses to pathogens and tumors. DC development is determined by signaling through the receptor tyrosine kinase Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) in bone marrow myeloid progenitors. Recently the naming conventions for DC phenotypes have been updated to distinguish between "Conventional" DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). Activating mutations of FLT3, including Internal Tandem Duplication (FLT3-ITD), are associated with poor prognosis for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Having a shared myeloid lineage it can be difficult to distinguish bone fide DCs from AML tumor cells. To date, there is little information on the effects of FLT3-ITD in DC biology. To further elucidate this relationship we utilized CITE-seq technology in combination with flow cytometry and multiplex immunoassays to measure changes to DCs in human and mouse tissues. We examined the cDC phenotype and frequency in bone marrow aspirates from patients with AML to understand the changes to cDCs associated with FLT3-ITD. When compared to healthy donor (HD) we found that a subset of FLT3-ITD+ AML patient samples have overrepresented populations of cDCs and disrupted phenotypes. Using a mouse model of FLT3-ITD+ AML, we found that cDCs were increased in percentage and number compared to control wild-type (WT) mice. Single cell RNA-seq identified FLT3-ITD+ cDCs as skewed towards a cDC2 T-bet- phenotype, previously shown to promote Th17 T cells. We assessed the phenotypes of CD4+ T cells in the AML mice and found significant enrichment of both Treg and Th17 CD4+ T cells in the bone marrow and spleen compartments. Ex vivo stimulation of CD4+ T cells also showed increased Th17 phenotype in AML mice. Moreover, co-culture of AML mouse-derived DCs and naïve OT-II cells preferentially skewed T cells into a Th17 phenotype. Together, our data suggests that FLT3-ITD+ leukemia-associated cDCs polarize CD4+ T cells into Th17 subsets, a population that has been shown to be negatively associated with survival in solid tumor contexts. This illustrates the complex tumor microenvironment of AML and highlights the need for further investigation into the effects of FLT3-ITD mutations on DC phenotypes and their downstream effects on Th polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A. Flynn
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mark D. Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Yoko Kosaka
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nicola Long
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jessica S. Mulkey
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jesse L. Coy
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Anupriya Agarwal
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Evan F. Lind
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Sahu P, Mitra A, Ganguly A. Targeting KRAS and SHP2 signaling pathways for immunomodulation and improving treatment outcomes in solid tumors. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 386:167-222. [PMID: 38782499 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Historically, KRAS has been considered 'undruggable' inspite of being one of the most frequently altered oncogenic proteins in solid tumors, primarily due to the paucity of pharmacologically 'druggable' pockets within the mutant isoforms. However, pioneering developments in drug design capable of targeting the mutant KRAS isoforms especially KRASG12C-mutant cancers, have opened the doors for emergence of combination therapies comprising of a plethora of inhibitors targeting different signaling pathways. SHP2 signaling pathway, primarily known for activation of intracellular signaling pathways such as KRAS has come up as a potential target for such combination therapies as it emerged to be the signaling protein connecting KRAS and the immune signaling pathways and providing the link for understanding the overlapping regions of RAS/ERK/MAPK signaling cascade. Thus, SHP2 inhibitors having potent tumoricidal activity as well as role in immunomodulation have generated keen interest in researchers to explore its potential as combination therapy in KRAS mutant solid tumors. However, the excitement with these combination therapies need to overcome challenges thrown up by drug resistance and enhanced toxicity. In this review, we will discuss KRAS and SHP2 signaling pathways and their roles in immunomodulation and regulation of tumor microenvironment and also analyze the positive effects and drawbacks of the different combination therapies targeted at these signaling pathways along with their present and future potential to treat solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sahu
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ankita Mitra
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anirban Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India.
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Mishchenko TA, Turubanova VD, Gorshkova EN, Krysko O, Vedunova MV, Krysko DV. Glioma: bridging the tumor microenvironment, patient immune profiles and novel personalized immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1299064. [PMID: 38274827 PMCID: PMC10809268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1299064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor, characterized by a consistently high patient mortality rate and a dismal prognosis affecting both survival and quality of life. Substantial evidence underscores the vital role of the immune system in eradicating tumors effectively and preventing metastasis, underscoring the importance of cancer immunotherapy which could potentially address the challenges in glioma therapy. Although glioma immunotherapies have shown promise in preclinical and early-phase clinical trials, they face specific limitations and challenges that have hindered their success in further phase III trials. Resistance to therapy has been a major challenge across many experimental approaches, and as of now, no immunotherapies have been approved. In addition, there are several other limitations facing glioma immunotherapy in clinical trials, such as high intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity, an inherently immunosuppressive microenvironment, the unique tissue-specific interactions between the central nervous system and the peripheral immune system, the existence of the blood-brain barrier, which is a physical barrier to drug delivery, and the immunosuppressive effects of standard therapy. Therefore, in this review, we delve into several challenges that need to be addressed to achieve boosted immunotherapy against gliomas. First, we discuss the hurdles posed by the glioma microenvironment, particularly its primary cellular inhabitants, in particular tumor-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs), and myeloid cells, which represent a significant barrier to effective immunotherapy. Here we emphasize the impact of inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) on the migration of Th17 cells into the tumor microenvironment, converting it into an immunologically "hot" environment and enhancing the effectiveness of ongoing immunotherapy. Next, we address the challenge associated with the accurate identification and characterization of the primary immune profiles of gliomas, and their implications for patient prognosis, which can facilitate the selection of personalized treatment regimens and predict the patient's response to immunotherapy. Finally, we explore a prospective approach to developing highly personalized vaccination strategies against gliomas, based on the search for patient-specific neoantigens. All the pertinent challenges discussed in this review will serve as a compass for future developments in immunotherapeutic strategies against gliomas, paving the way for upcoming preclinical and clinical research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A. Mishchenko
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Victoria D. Turubanova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Neuroscience Research Institute, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Gorshkova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Olga Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria V. Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnologies, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitri V. Krysko
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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Wittling MC, Knochelmann HM, Wyatt MM, Rangel Rivera GO, Cole AC, Lesinski GB, Paulos CM. Distinct host preconditioning regimens differentially impact the antitumor potency of adoptively transferred Th17 cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.18.572179. [PMID: 38187594 PMCID: PMC10769197 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.18.572179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Mechanisms by which distinct methods of host preconditioning impact the efficacy of adoptively transferred antitumor T helper cells is unknown. Methods CD4 + T cells with a transgenic TCR that recognize TRP-1 melanoma antigen were polarized to the T helper 17 (Th17) phenotype and then transferred into melanoma-bearing mice preconditioned with either total body irradiation or chemotherapy. Results We found that preconditioning mice with a non-myeloablative dose of total body irradiation (TBI of 5 Gy) was more effective than using an equivalently dosed non-myeloablative chemotherapy (CTX at 200 mg/kg) at augmenting therapeutic activity of anti-tumor TRP-1 Th17 cells. Anti-tumor Th17 cells engrafted better following preconditioning with TBI and regressed large established melanoma in all animals. Conversely, only half of mice survived long-term when preconditioned with CTX and infused with anti-melanoma Th17 cells. IL-17 and IFN-g produced by the infused Th17 cells, were detected in animals given either TBI or CTX preconditioning. Interestingly, inflammatory cytokines (G-CSF, IL-6, MCP-1, IL-5, and KC) were significantly elevated in the serum of mice preconditioned with TBI versus CTX after Th17 therapy. Conclusions Our results indicate, for the first time, that the antitumor response, persistence, and cytokine profiles resulting from Th17 therapy are impacted by the specific regimen of host preconditioning. This work is important for understanding mechanisms that promote long-lived responses by ACT, particularly as CD4 + based T cell therapies are now emerging in the clinic.
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Zhou X, Wang Z, Yuan K. The effect of diet and nutrition on T cell function in cancer. Int J Cancer 2023; 153:1954-1966. [PMID: 37504380 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer can be considered one of the most threatening diseases to human health, and immunotherapy, especially T-cell immunotherapy, is the most promising treatment for cancers. Diet therapy is widely concerned in cancer because of its safety and fewer side effects. Many studies have shown that both the function of T cells and the progression of cancer can be affected by nutrients in the diet. In fact, it is challenging for T cells to infiltrate and eliminate cancer cells in tumor microenvironment, because of the harsh metabolic condition. The intake of different nutrients has a great influence on the proliferation, activation, differentiation and exhaustion of T cells. In this review, we summarize the effects of typical amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates and other nutritional factors on T cell functions and provide future perspectives for dietary treatment of cancer based on modifications of T cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kefei Yuan
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Altan M, Li QZ, Wang Q, Vokes NI, Sheshadri A, Gao J, Zhu C, Tran HT, Gandhi S, Antonoff MB, Swisher S, Wang J, Byers LA, Abdel-Wahab N, Franco-Vega MC, Wang Y, Lee JJ, Zhang J, Heymach JV. Distinct patterns of auto-reactive antibodies associated with organ-specific immune-related adverse events. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1322818. [PMID: 38152395 PMCID: PMC10751952 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1322818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The roles of preexisting auto-reactive antibodies in immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy are not well defined. Here, we analyzed plasma samples longitudinally collected at predefined time points and at the time of irAEs from 58 patients with immunotherapy naïve metastatic non-small cell lung cancer treated on clinical protocol with ipilimumab and nivolumab. We used a proteomic microarray system capable of assaying antibody reactivity for IgG and IgM fractions against 120 antigens for systemically evaluating the correlations between auto-reactive antibodies and certain organ-specific irAEs. We found that distinct patterns of auto-reactive antibodies at baseline were associated with the subsequent development of organ-specific irAEs. Notably, ACHRG IgM was associated with pneumonitis, anti-cytokeratin 19 IgM with dermatitis, and anti-thyroglobulin IgG with hepatitis. These antibodies merit further investigation as potential biomarkers for identifying high-risk populations for irAEs and/or monitoring irAEs during immunotherapy treatment. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03391869.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Altan
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Natalie I. Vokes
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ajay Sheshadri
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jianjun Gao
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chengsong Zhu
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Hai T. Tran
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Saumil Gandhi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mara B. Antonoff
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Stephen Swisher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lauren A. Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Noha Abdel-Wahab
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maria C. Franco-Vega
- Department of Hospital Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yinghong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - J. Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John V. Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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11
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Patel RK, Frankel L, Cardeiro M, Hansen W, Takabe K, Rashid OM. The Role of Crohn Disease on Breast Cancer Incidence: A Clinical Analysis. World J Oncol 2023; 14:457-463. [PMID: 38022407 PMCID: PMC10681792 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Crohn disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract. The pathophysiology of this disease characteristically involves transmural inflammation, which predisposes patients to various gastrointestinal cancers such as colon cancer. Although the increased risk of gastrointestinal cancers in Crohn disease has been well established, the risk of extra-gastrointestinal cancers remains unknown. We sought to study the risk of breast cancer in patients with Crohn disease. Methods The data for this retrospective study were compiled using the International Classification of Disease Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and ICD 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes from the national Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant PearlDiver database from 2010 to 2019. Patients were matched for age, sex, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Statistical analyses were implemented to assess Chi-squared, logistic regression, and odds ratio. Results The database query resulted in 70,027 patients in both the control and Crohn disease groups. The incidence of breast cancer was 4,087 in the control group compared to 654 in the Crohn disease group. The P value was < 2.2 × 10-16 and the odds ratio was 0.15 (95% confidence interval (CI)). Patients without Crohn disease had an increased prevalence of breast cancer throughout all age ranges compared to patients with Crohn disease. Additionally, patients without Crohn disease had higher rates of breast cancer throughout the four major regions of the United States. In terms of healthcare costs, patients with breast cancer and a history of Crohn disease paid $23.87 more per hospital visit compared to patients with breast cancer and no history of Crohn disease. Conclusions The results of this study indicate a statistically significant correlation between Crohn disease and a reduced incidence of breast cancer. This finding is true across all age groups and across the United States. Further study is required to investigate a possible mechanism between the pathophysiology of Crohn disease ultimately leading to reduced tumorigenesis in the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina K. Patel
- Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Lexi Frankel
- Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Matthew Cardeiro
- Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Wade Hansen
- Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Omar M. Rashid
- Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Michael and Dianne Bienes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- University of Miami Leonard M. School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broward Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Topline MD Alliance, FL, USA
- Memorial Health, Pembroke Pines, FL, USA
- Delray Medical Center, Delray, FL, USA
- Complex General Surgical Oncology, General and Robotic Surgery, TopLine MD Alliance, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33308, USA
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12
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Xia Z, Hu B, Yang M, He W. Zinc finger protein 189 promotes the differentiation of lamina propria T helper 17.1 cells in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Autoimmunity 2023; 56:2189140. [PMID: 36942486 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2023.2189140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The factors regulating the heterogeneity of interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-expressing CD4+ T cells in inflammatory bowel diseases remain unclear. In the current study, we characterised the expression and function of zinc finger protein 189 (ZFP189) in a murine colitis model. Mice were given dextran sulphate sodium to induce acute colitis. Flow cytometry was applied to recognise and enrich Th17 and Th17.1 cells based on the expression of IL-17A, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), and C-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4). The expression of ZFP189 in Th17 and Th17.1 cells was determined by Immunoblotting. Lentivirus-mediated ZFP189 knockdown was conducted to evaluate the effect of ZFP189 on the differentiation of Th17 and Th17.1 cells. The adoptive transfer was performed to analyse the pathogenicity of Th17.1 cells in vivo. We found that ZFP189 was mildly up-regulated in IL-17A-expressing CD4+ T cells in colonic lamina propria. Lamina propria Th17.1 cells expressed higher ZFP189 than Th17 cells. In vitro ZFP189 knockdown in CD4+ T cells did not impact Th17 cell differentiation but suppressed Th17.1 cell differentiation, as evidenced by lower T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet) and IFN-γ. When adoptively transferred into mice, ZFP189-deficient Th17.1 cells produced fewer IFN-γ, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) than ZFP189-expressing Th17.1 cells. Moreover, ZFP189-deficient Th17.1 cells induced less severe colitis than ZFP189-expressing Th17.1 cells, as evidenced by less body weight loss, a lower disease activity index, and a lower colon histological score. In summary, ZFP189 acts as a positive regulator of the differentiation and pathogenicity of lamina propria Th17.1 cells in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenjie He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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13
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Cheng NC, Vonderheide RH. Immune vulnerabilities of mutant KRAS in pancreatic cancer. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:928-936. [PMID: 37524642 PMCID: PMC10592263 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The 40-year desire to target the mutant Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) gene (mKRAS) therapeutically is being realized with more and more broadly applicable and tumor-specific small-molecule inhibitors. Immunologically, mKRAS has equal desirability as a target. Tumor KRAS signaling plays a large role in shaping the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment, especially in pancreatic cancer, leaving mKRAS inhibitors with potentially powerful immune modulatory capabilities that could be exploited in immunological-oncological combinations. mKRAS is itself an immunological antigen, a 'shared neoepitope' linked to the oncogenic process, validated biochemically and immunologically. Novel approaches in the clinic are taking advantage of the fact that mKRAS peptides are naturally processed and presented in tumors by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah C Cheng
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Richter F, Paget C, Apetoh L. STING-driven activation of T cells: relevance for the adoptive cell therapy of cancer. Cell Stress 2023; 7:95-104. [PMID: 37970489 PMCID: PMC10642958 DOI: 10.15698/cst2023.11.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) can successfully treat hematopoietic cancers but lacks efficacy against solid tumors. This is due to insufficient T cell infiltration, high tumor heterogeneity, frequent antigen loss with subsequent tumor escape, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Alternative methods to boost the anticancer efficacy of adoptively transferred cells are actively pursued. Among adjuvants that are utilized to stimulate anticancer immune responses, ligands of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway have received increasing attention. STING activation can trigger dendritic cell (DC) activation and endogenous immune responses, thereby preventing tumor escape. Activation of the STING pathway in the context of ACT was accordingly associated with improved T cell trafficking and persistence in the TME combined with the reduced presence of immunosuppressive cells. Recent findings also suggest cell-intrinsic effects of STING ligands on T cells. Activation of the STING signaling pathway was in this regard shown to enhance effector functions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, suggesting that the STING signaling could be exploited to harness T cell anticancer functions. In this review, we will discuss how the STING signaling can be used to enhance the anticancer efficacy of ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Richter
- Centre d'Étude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, INSERM, Tours, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christophe Paget
- Centre d'Étude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, INSERM, Tours, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Lionel Apetoh
- Brown Center for Immunotherapy, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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15
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Varisli L, Dancik GM, Tolan V, Vlahopoulos S. Critical Roles of SRC-3 in the Development and Progression of Breast Cancer, Rendering It a Prospective Clinical Target. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5242. [PMID: 37958417 PMCID: PMC10648290 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor in women and is also one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Most breast tumors are hormone-dependent and estrogen signaling plays a critical role in promoting the survival and malignant behaviors of these cells. Estrogen signaling involves ligand-activated cytoplasmic estrogen receptors that translocate to the nucleus with various co-regulators, such as steroid receptor co-activator (SRC) family members, and bind to the promoters of target genes and regulate their expression. SRC-3 is a member of this family that interacts with, and enhances, the transcriptional activity of the ligand activated estrogen receptor. Although SRC-3 has important roles in normal homeostasis and developmental processes, it has been shown to be amplified and overexpressed in breast cancer and to promote malignancy. The malignancy-promoting potential of SRC-3 is diverse and involves both promoting malignant behavior of tumor cells and creating a tumor microenvironment that has an immunosuppressive phenotype. SRC-3 also inhibits the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with effector function and promotes stemness. Furthermore, SRC-3 is also involved in the development of resistance to hormone therapy and immunotherapy during breast cancer treatment. The versatility of SRC-3 in promoting breast cancer malignancy in this way makes it a good target, and methodical targeting of SRC-3 probably will be important for the success of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokman Varisli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey;
| | - Garrett M. Dancik
- Department of Computer Science, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT 06226, USA;
| | - Veysel Tolan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey;
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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16
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Bachorz RA, Pastwińska J, Nowak D, Karaś K, Karwaciak I, Ratajewski M. The application of machine learning methods to the prediction of novel ligands for ROR γ/ROR γT receptors. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5491-5505. [PMID: 38022699 PMCID: PMC10663739 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we developed and applied a computational procedure for creating and validating predictive models capable of estimating the biological activity of ligands. The combination of modern machine learning methods, experimental data, and the appropriate setup of molecular descriptors led to a set of well-performing models. We thoroughly inspected both the methodological space and various possibilities for creating a chemical feature space. The resulting models were applied to the virtual screening of the ZINC20 database to identify new, biologically active ligands of RORγ receptors, which are a subfamily of nuclear receptors. Based on the known ligands of RORγ, we selected candidates and calculate their predicted activities with the best-performing models. We chose two candidates that were experimentally verified. One of these candidates was confirmed to induce the biological activity of the RORγ receptors, which we consider proof of the efficacy of the proposed methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał A. Bachorz
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, Łódź, 93-232, Poland
| | - Joanna Pastwińska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, Łódź, 93-232, Poland
| | - Damian Nowak
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, Łódź, 93-232, Poland
| | - Kaja Karaś
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, Łódź, 93-232, Poland
| | - Iwona Karwaciak
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, Łódź, 93-232, Poland
| | - Marcin Ratajewski
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, Łódź, 93-232, Poland
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17
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Flynn PA, Long MD, Kosaka Y, Mulkey JS, Coy JL, Agarwal A, Lind EF. Leukemic mutation FLT3-ITD is retained in dendritic cells and disrupts their homeostasis leading to expanded Th17 frequency. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.19.558512. [PMID: 37781631 PMCID: PMC10541139 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.19.558512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are mediators of adaptive immune responses to pathogens and tumors. DC development is determined by signaling through the receptor tyrosine kinase Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) in bone marrow myeloid progenitors. Recently the naming conventions for DC phenotypes have been updated to distinguish between "Conventional" DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). Activating mutations of FLT3, including Internal Tandem Duplication (FLT3-ITD), are associated with poor prognosis for leukemia patients. To date, there is little information on the effects of FLT3-ITD in DC biology. We examined the cDC phenotype and frequency in bone marrow aspirates from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to understand the changes to cDCs associated with FLT3-ITD. When compared to healthy donor (HD) we found that a subset of FLT3-ITD+ AML patient samples have overrepresented populations of cDCs and disrupted phenotypes. Using a mouse model of FLT3-ITD+ AML, we found that cDCs were increased in percentage and number compared to control wild-type (WT) mice. Single cell RNA-seq identified FLT3-ITD+ cDCs as skewed towards a cDC2 T-bet - phenotype, previously shown to promote Th17 T cells. We assessed the phenotypes of CD4+ T cells in the AML mice and found significant enrichment of both Treg and Th17 CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, co-culture of AML mouse- derived DCs and naïve OT-II cells preferentially skewed T cells into a Th17 phenotype. Together, our data suggests that FLT3-ITD+ leukemia-associated cDCs polarize CD4+ T cells into Th17 subsets, a population that has been shown to be negatively associated with survival in solid tumor contexts. This illustrates the complex tumor microenvironment of AML and highlights the need for further investigation into the effects of FLT3-ITD mutations on DC phenotypes.
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18
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Wyatt MM, Huff LW, Nelson MH, Neal LR, Medvec AR, Rangel Rivera GO, Smith AS, Rivera Reyes AM, Knochelmann HM, Riley JL, Lesinski GB, Paulos CM. Augmenting TCR signal strength and ICOS costimulation results in metabolically fit and therapeutically potent human CAR Th17 cells. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2120-2131. [PMID: 37081789 PMCID: PMC10362414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-17-producing antigen-specific human T cells elicit potent antitumor activity in mice. Yet, refinement of this approach is needed to position it for clinical use. While activation signal strength regulates IL-17 production by CD4+ T cells, the degree to which T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and costimulation signal strength influences Th17 immunity remains unknown. We discovered that decreasing TCR/costimulation signal strength by incremental reduction of αCD3/costimulation beads progressively altered Th17 phenotype. Moreover, Th17 cells stimulated with αCD3/inducible costimulator (ICOS) beads produced more IL-17A, IFNγ, IL-2, and IL-22 than those stimulated with αCD3/CD28 beads. Compared with Th17 cells stimulated with the standard, strong signal strength (three beads per T cell), Th17 cells propagated with 30-fold fewer αCD3/ICOS beads were less reliant on glucose and favored the central carbon pathway for bioenergetics, marked by abundant intracellular phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). Importantly, Th17 cells stimulated with weak αCD3/ICOS beads and redirected with a chimeric antigen receptor that recognizes mesothelin were more effective at clearing human mesothelioma. Less effective CAR Th17 cells generated with high αCD3/ICOS beads were rescued by overexpressing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), a PEP regulator. Thus, Th17 therapy can be improved by using fewer activation beads during manufacturing, a finding that is cost effective and directly translatable to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Wyatt
- Department of Surgery: Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Logan W Huff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Michelle H Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Lillian R Neal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Andrew R Medvec
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guillermo O Rangel Rivera
- Department of Surgery: Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Aubrey S Smith
- Department of Surgery: Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Amalia M Rivera Reyes
- Department of Surgery: Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hannah M Knochelmann
- Department of Surgery: Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - James L Riley
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Department of Surgery: Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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19
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Mei L, Xu L, Wu S, Wang Y, Xu C, Wang L, Zhang X, Yu C, Jiang H, Zhang X, Bai F, Xie C. Discovery, structural optimization, and anti-tumor bioactivity evaluations of betulinic acid derivatives as a new type of RORγ antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115472. [PMID: 37236000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that has a wide range of biological and pharmacological effects. Here, computational methods such as pharmacophore screening and reverse docking were used to predict the potential target for BA. Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγ) was confirmed as its target by several molecular assays as well as crystal complex structure determination. RORγ has been the focus of metabolic regulation, but its potential role in cancer treatment has only recently come to the fore. In this study, rationale optimization of BA was performed and several new derivatives were generated. Among them, the compound 22 showed stronger binding affinity with RORγ (KD = 180 nM), good anti-proliferative activity against cancer cell lines, and potent anti-tumor efficacy with a TGI value of 71.6% (at a dose of 15 mg/kg) in the HPAF-II pancreatic cancer xenograft model. Further RNA-seq analysis and cellular validation experiments supported that RORγ antagonism was closely related to the antitumor activity of BA and 22, resulting in suppression of the RAS/MAPK and AKT/mTORC1 pathway and inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. RORγ was highly expressed in cancer cells and tissues and positively correlated with the poor prognosis of cancer patients. These results suggest that BA derivatives are potential RORγ antagonists worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghe Mei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Drug Discovery and Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lansong Xu
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Sanan Wu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yafang Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- China Suzhou Institute of Drug Innovation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Chengcheng Yu
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Drug Discovery and Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xianglei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Fang Bai
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China; Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Chengying Xie
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China; Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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20
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Soto F, Torre-Sada LF, Mott FE, Kim ST, Nurieva R, Shannon VR, Faiz SA, Casal RF, Altan M, Lin J, Sheshadri A. Sarcoidosis and Airway Disease After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Case Study and Review of the Literature. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY AND PRECISION ONCOLOGY 2023; 6:111-116. [PMID: 37214206 PMCID: PMC10195014 DOI: 10.36401/jipo-22-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary toxicity from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy is typically a severe and potentially fatal complication, but these observations are driven by the most common toxicity, pneumonitis. Rarer pulmonary immune related adverse events, like airway disease and sarcoidosis, may have a more benign course. In this case report, we present a patient in whom therapy with the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab resulted in severe eosinophilic asthma and sarcoidosis. This is the first case showing that anti-IL-5 inhibition may be safe in patients who develop eosinophilic asthma after ICI therapy. We further show that sarcoidosis does not necessarily require treatment cessation. This case highlights relevant nuances when clinicians face pulmonary toxicities other than pneumonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Soto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- School of Medicine, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Luis F. Torre-Sada
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- School of Medicine, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Frank E. Mott
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sang T. Kim
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roza Nurieva
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vickie R. Shannon
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Saadia A. Faiz
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roberto F. Casal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mehmet Altan
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julie Lin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ajay Sheshadri
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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21
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Bykov Y, Dawodu G, Javaheri A, Garcia-Sastre A, Cuadrado-Castano S. Immune responses elicited by ssRNA(-) oncolytic viruses in the host and in the tumor microenvironment. JOURNAL OF CANCER METASTASIS AND TREATMENT 2023; 9:10. [PMID: 37974615 PMCID: PMC10653360 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2022.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are at the forefront of biologicals for cancer treatment. They represent a diverse landscape of naturally occurring viral strains and genetically modified viruses that, either as single agents or as part of combination therapies, are being evaluated in preclinical and clinical settings. As the field gains momentum, the research on OVs has been shifting efforts to expand our understanding of the complex interplay between the virus, the tumor and the immune system, with the aim of rationally designing more efficient therapeutic interventions. Nowadays, the potential of an OV platform is no longer defined exclusively by the targeted replication and cancer cell killing capacities of the virus, but by its contribution as an immunostimulator, triggering the transformation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) into a place where innate and adaptive immunity players can efficiently engage and lead the development of tumor-specific long-term memory responses. Here we review the immune mechanisms and host responses induced by ssRNA(-) (negative-sense single-stranded RNA) viruses as OV platforms. We focus on two ssRNA(-) OV candidates: Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus with one of the longest histories of utilization as an OV, and influenza A (IAV) virus, a well-characterized human pathogen with extraordinary immunostimulatory capacities that is steadily advancing as an OV candidate through the development of recombinant IAV attenuated platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonina Bykov
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gloria Dawodu
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Aryana Javaheri
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sara Cuadrado-Castano
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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22
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Chen C, Wang Z, Ding Y, Qin Y. Tumor microenvironment-mediated immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133308. [PMID: 36845131 PMCID: PMC9950271 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and is the third leading cause of tumor-related mortality worldwide. In recent years, the emergency of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has revolutionized the management of HCC. Especially, the combination of atezolizumab (anti-PD1) and bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) has been approved by the FDA as the first-line treatment for advanced HCC. Despite great breakthrough in systemic therapy, HCC continues to portend a poor prognosis owing to drug resistance and frequent recurrence. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of HCC is a complex and structured mixture characterized by abnormal angiogenesis, chronic inflammation, and dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, collectively contributing to the immunosuppressive milieu that in turn prompts HCC proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment coexists and interacts with various immune cells to maintain the development of HCC. It is widely accepted that a dysfunctional tumor-immune ecosystem can lead to the failure of immune surveillance. The immunosuppressive TME is an external cause for immune evasion in HCC consisting of 1) immunosuppressive cells; 2) co-inhibitory signals; 3) soluble cytokines and signaling cascades; 4) metabolically hostile tumor microenvironment; 5) the gut microbiota that affects the immune microenvironment. Importantly, the effectiveness of immunotherapy largely depends on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Also, the gut microbiota and metabolism profoundly affect the immune microenvironment. Understanding how TME affects HCC development and progression will contribute to better preventing HCC-specific immune evasion and overcoming resistance to already developed therapies. In this review, we mainly introduce immune evasion of HCC underlying the role of immune microenvironment, describe the dynamic interaction of immune microenvironment with dysfunctional metabolism and the gut microbiome, and propose therapeutic strategies to manipulate the TME in favor of more effective immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yanru Qin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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23
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Ross TJ, Zhang J. The Microbiome-TIME Axis: A Host of Possibilities. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020288. [PMID: 36838253 PMCID: PMC9965696 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer continues to be a significant source of mortality and morbidity worldwide despite progress in cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment. Fortunately, immunotherapy has been a breakthrough in the treatment of many cancers. However, the response to immunotherapy treatment and the experience of associated side effects varies significantly between patients. Recently, attention has been given to understanding the role of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in the development, progression, and treatment response of cancer. A new understanding of the role of the microbiota in the modulation of the TIME has further complicated the story but also unlocked a new area of adjuvant therapeutic research. The complex balance of tumor-permissive and tumor-suppressive immune environments requires further elucidation in order to be harnessed as a therapeutic target. Because both the TIME and the microbiome show importance in these areas, we propose here the concept of the "microbiome-TIME axis" to review the current field of research and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Joel Ross
- School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(913)-588-8150; Fax: +1-(913)-588-4085
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24
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A Highly Sensitive Flow Cytometric Approach to Detect Rare Antigen-Specific T Cells: Development and Comparison to Standard Monitoring Tools. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030574. [PMID: 36765532 PMCID: PMC9913544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Personalized vaccines against patient-unique tumor-associated antigens represent a promising new approach for cancer immunotherapy. Vaccine efficacy is assessed by quantification of changes in the frequency and/or the activity of antigen-specific T cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) and flow cytometry (FCM) are methodologies frequently used for assessing vaccine efficacy. We tested these methodologies and found that both ELISpot and standard FCM [monitoring CD3/CD4/CD8/IFNγ/Viability+CD14+CD19 (dump)] demonstrate background IFNγ secretion, which, in many cases, was higher than the antigen-specific signal measured by the respective methodology (frequently ranging around 0.05-0.2%). To detect such weak T-cell responses, we developed an FCM panel that included two early activation markers, 4-1BB (CD137) and CD40L (CD154), in addition to the above-cited markers. These two activation markers have a close to zero background expression and are rapidly upregulated following antigen-specific activation. They enabled the quantification of rare T cells responding to antigens within the assay well. Background IFNγ-positive CD4 T cell frequencies decreased to 0.019% ± 0.028% and CD8 T cells to 0.009% ± 0.013%, which are 19 and 13 times lower, respectively, than without the use of these markers. The presented methodology enables highly sensitive monitoring of T-cell responses to tumor-associated antigens in the very low, but clinically relevant, frequencies.
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25
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Chen C, Wang Z, Ding Y, Qin Y. Manipulating T-cell metabolism to enhance immunotherapy in solid tumor. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1090429. [PMID: 36618408 PMCID: PMC9812959 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1090429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is not only essential for tumor cells to sustain their rapid growth and proliferation, but also crucial to maintain T cell fitness and robust immunity. Dysregulated metabolism has been recognized as a hallmark of cancer, which provides survival advantages for tumor cells under stress conditions. Also, emerging evidence suggests that metabolic reprogramming impacts the activation, differentiation, function, and exhaustion of T cells. Normal stimulation of resting T cells promotes the conversion of catabolic and oxidative metabolism to aerobic glycolysis in effector T cells, and subsequently back to oxidative metabolism in memory T cells. These metabolic transitions profoundly affect the trajectories of T-cell differentiation and fate. However, these metabolic events of T cells could be dysregulated by their interplays with tumor or the tumor microenvironment (TME). Importantly, metabolic competition in the tumor ecosystem is a new mechanism resulting in strong suppression of effector T cells. It is appreciated that targeting metabolic reprogramming is a promising way to disrupt the hypermetabolic state of tumor cells and enhance the capacity of immune cells to obtain nutrients. Furthermore, immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), adoptive cell therapy (ACT), and oncolytic virus (OV) therapy, have significantly refashioned the clinical management of solid tumors, they are not sufficiently effective for all patients. Understanding how immunotherapy affects T cell metabolism provides a bright avenue to better modulate T cell anti-tumor response. In this review, we provide an overview of the cellular metabolism of tumor and T cells, provide evidence on their dynamic interaction, highlight how metabolic reprogramming of tumor and T cells regulate the anti-tumor responses, describe T cell metabolic patterns in the context of ICI, ACT, and OV, and propose hypothetical combination strategies to favor potent T cell functionality.
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26
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da Silva EM, Yariwake VY, Alves RW, de Araujo DR, Andrade-Oliveira V. Crosstalk between incretin hormones, Th17 and Treg cells in inflammatory diseases. Peptides 2022; 155:170834. [PMID: 35753504 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells constantly crosstalk with the gut microbiota and immune cells of the gut lamina propria. Enteroendocrine cells, secrete hormones, such as incretin hormones, which participate in host physiological events, such as stimulating insulin secretion, satiety, and glucose homeostasis. Interestingly, evidence suggests that the incretin pathway may influence immune cell activation. Consequently, drugs targeting the incretin hormone signaling pathway may ameliorate inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss how these hormones may modulate two subsets of CD4 + T cells, the regulatory T cells (Treg)/Th17 axis important for gut homeostasis: thus, preventing the development and progression of inflammatory diseases. We also summarize the main experimental and clinical findings using drugs targeting the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) signaling pathways and their great impact on conditions in which the Treg/Th17 axis is disturbed such as inflammatory diseases and cancer. Understanding the role of incretin stimulation in immune cell activation and function, might contribute to new therapeutic designs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, autoimmunity, and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Yuji Yariwake
- Department of Immunology - Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Renan Willian Alves
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Brazil
| | | | - Vinicius Andrade-Oliveira
- Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; Department of Immunology - Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil; Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Brazil.
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27
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Yigit A, Kuscu B, Kirik A, Ozcaglayan R, Afsar CU. New Biomarkers and Immunotherapy Decision. Biomark Med 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815040463122010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As immune checkpoint blockade and other immune-based therapy
approaches lead to broad treatment advances among patients with advanced cancer, an
important consideration is how to best select patients whose tumors will respond to
these therapies. As a consequence predictive and prognostic markers are needed. There
are genomic features, such as tumour mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability
(MSI), and immune phenotype features, such as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1),
CTLA-4 and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), to predict response to
immunotherapies (ITs). Several studies show the correlation between TMB and
predicted neoantigen load across multiple cancer types. Response to immune
checkpoint inhibitors is higher in tumours with high TMB. The candidate biomarker
that has been studied mostly other than TMB is PD-L1 expression in trials utilizing
programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade. PD-L1 and PD-1 expression are dynamic
markers that change in relation to local cytokines and other factors, and the thresholds
that separate “positive” and “negative” PD-L1 expressions remain under debate. PD-L1
expression is now a routine diagnostic marker for patients with newly diagnosed
NSCLC. The potential applicability of PD-L1 in other disease settings is still uncertain.
Microsatellite instability is characterised by high rates of alterations to repetitive DNA
sequences caused by impaired mismatch repair (MMR); MSI was the biomarker was
approved according to tumor's initial location. Combining TMB with specific genomic
alterations is crucial. Moreover, new biomarkers are being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Yigit
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, Canakkale 18 Mart University Medical Faculty, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Berkay Kuscu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Balikesir University Medical Faculty, Balıkesir,Turkey
| | - Ali Kirik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Balikesir University Medical Faculty, Balıkesir,Turkey
| | - Ruhsen Ozcaglayan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Balikesir University Medical Faculty, Balıkesir,Turkey
| | - Cigdem Usul Afsar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, Istinye University Medical Faculty, İstinye Üniversitesi Topkapı Kampüsü, Istanbul 34010,Turkey
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28
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Sukri A, Hanafiah A, Kosai NR. The Roles of Immune Cells in Gastric Cancer: Anti-Cancer or Pro-Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163922. [PMID: 36010915 PMCID: PMC9406374 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastric cancer is still one of the leading causes of death caused by cancer in developing countries. The emerging role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment has led to more research to elucidate the roles of essential immune cells in gastric cancer prognosis. We reviewed the roles of immune cells including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and natural killer cells in gastric cancer. Although the studies conducted on the roles of immune cells in gastric cancer pathogenesis produced conflicting results, understanding the roles of immune cells in gastric cancer will help us to harness them for application in immunotherapy for better prognosis and management of gastric cancer patients. Abstract Despite the fact that the incidence of gastric cancer has declined over the last decade, it is still the world’s leading cause of cancer-related death. The diagnosis of early gastric cancer is difficult, as symptoms of this cancer only manifest at a late stage of cancer progression. Thus, the prognosis of gastric cancer is poor, and the current treatment for improving patients’ outcomes involves the application of surgery and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is one of the most recent therapies for gastric cancer, whereby the immune system of the host is programmed to combat cancer cells, and the therapy differs based upon the patient’s immune system. However, an understanding of the role of immune cells, namely the cell-mediated immune response and the humoral immune response, is pertinent for applications of immunotherapy. The roles of immune cells in the prognosis of gastric cancer have yielded conflicting results. This review discusses the roles of immune cells in gastric cancer pathogenesis, specifically, T cells, B cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells, as well as the evidence presented thus far. Understanding how cancer cells interact with immune cells is of paramount importance in designing treatment options for gastric cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Sukri
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Shah Alam 43200, Malaysia
| | - Alfizah Hanafiah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Nik Ritza Kosai
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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29
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Urbiola-Salvador V, Miroszewska D, Jabłońska A, Qureshi T, Chen Z. Proteomics approaches to characterize the immune responses in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119266. [PMID: 35390423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the dynamic development of cancer research, annually millions of people die of cancer. The human immune system is the major 'guard' against tumor development. Unfortunately, cancer cells have the ability to evade the immune system and continue to grow. The proper understanding of the intricate immune response in tumorigenesis remains the holy grail of cancer immunology and designing effective immunotherapy. To decode the immune responses in cancer, in recent years, proteomics studies have received considerable attention. Proteomics studies focus on the detection and quantification of proteins, which are the effectors of biological functions, and as such, are proven to reflect the cell state more accurately, in comparison to genomic or transcriptomic studies. In this review, we discuss the proteomics studies applied to characterize the immune responses in cancer and tumor immune microenvironment heterogeneity. Further, we describe emerging single-cell proteomics approaches that have the potential to be applied in cancer immunity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Urbiola-Salvador
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Dominika Miroszewska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Jabłońska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Talha Qureshi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Zhi Chen
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, Poland; Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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30
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Ma G, Zhang Z, Li P, Zhang Z, Zeng M, Liang Z, Li D, Wang L, Chen Y, Liang Y, Niu H. Reprogramming of glutamine metabolism and its impact on immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:114. [PMID: 35897036 PMCID: PMC9327201 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming and immune escape play a major role in tumorigenesis. Increasing number of studies have shown that reprogramming of glutamine metabolism is a putative determinant of the anti-tumor immune response in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Usually, the predatory uptake of glutamine by tumor cells in the TME results in the limited utilization of glutamine by immune cells and affects the anti-tumor immune response. The cell-programmed glutamine partitioning also affects the anti-tumor immune response. However, the reprogramming of glutamine metabolism in tumors modulates immune escape by regulating tumor PD-L1 expression. Likewise, the reprogramming of glutamine metabolism in the immune cells also affects their immune function. Additionally, different types of glutamine metabolism inhibitors extensively regulate the immune cells in the TME while suppressing tumor cell proliferation. Herein, we discuss how metabolic reprogramming of tumor and immune cells regulates anti-tumor immune responses, as well as functional changes in different immune cells in the context of targeting tumor glutamine metabolism, which can better explain the potential of targeting glutamine metabolism in combination with immunotherapy for cancer. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Ma
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhilei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Manqin Zeng
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhijuan Liang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yuanbin Chen
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ye Liang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Haitao Niu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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31
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Novel Systemic Treatment Modalities Including Immunotherapy and Molecular Targeted Therapy for Recurrent and Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147889. [PMID: 35887235 PMCID: PMC9320653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are the sixth most common cancers worldwide. More than half of patients with HNSCC eventually experience disease recurrence and/or metastasis, which can threaten their long-term survival. HNSCCs located in the oral cavity and larynx are usually associated with tobacco and/or alcohol use, whereas human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly HPV16 infection, is increasingly recognized as a cause of oropharyngeal HNSCC. Despite clinical, histologic, and molecular differences between HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCCs, current treatment approaches are the same. For recurrent disease, these strategies include chemotherapy, immunotherapy with PD-1-inhibitors, or a monoclonal antibody, cetuximab, that targets epidermal growth factor; these therapies can be administered either as single agents or in combination. However, these treatment strategies carry a high risk of toxic side effects; therefore, more effective and less toxic treatments are needed. The landscape of HNSCC therapy is changing significantly; numerous clinical trials are underway to test novel therapeutic options like adaptive cellular therapy, antibody-drug conjugates, new targeted therapy agents, novel immunotherapy combinations, and therapeutic vaccines. This review helps in understanding the various developments in HNSCC therapy and sheds light on the path ahead in terms of further research in this field.
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Islam MM, Goertzen A, Singh PK, Saha R. Exploring the metabolic landscape of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells using genome-scale metabolic modeling. iScience 2022; 25:104483. [PMID: 35712079 PMCID: PMC9194136 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a major research focus because of its poor therapy response and dismal prognosis. PDAC cells adapt their metabolism to the surrounding environment, often relying on diverse nutrient sources. Because traditional experimental techniques appear exhaustive to find a viable therapeutic strategy, a highly curated and omics-informed PDAC genome-scale metabolic model was reconstructed using patient-specific transcriptomics data. From the model-predictions, several new metabolic functions were explored as potential therapeutic targets in addition to the known metabolic hallmarks of PDAC. Significant downregulation in the peroxisomal beta oxidation pathway, flux modulation in the carnitine shuttle system, and upregulation in the reactive oxygen species detoxification pathway reactions were observed. These unique metabolic traits of PDAC were correlated with potential drug combinations targeting genes with poor prognosis in PDAC. Overall, this study provides a better understanding of the metabolic vulnerabilities in PDAC and will lead to novel effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mazharul Islam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Andrea Goertzen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Pankaj K. Singh
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Rajib Saha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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Hu B, Wang H, Xiao F. E74 Like ETS Transcription Factor 3 is a Negative Regulator of Pathogenic Lamina Propria T Helper 17.1 Cells in Murine Colitis. Immunol Invest 2022; 51:1950-1964. [PMID: 35696273 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2084409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-expressing T cells, including T helper 17 (Th17) and T helper 17.1 (Th17.1) cells, play a significant role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Identifying the mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity and plasticity of IL-17A-expressing T cells is crucial for understanding and controlling their pathogenicity. The role of E74 like ETS transcription factor 3 (ELF3) in regulating the pathogenicity of IL-17A-expressing T cells has not been studied before. Dextran sulfate sodium was used to induce acute colitis in transgenic mice co-expressing IL-17A and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). IL-17A-expressing T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. ELF3 expression was evaluated by reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Lentivirus-mediated ELF3 overexpression was performed to assess the effect of ELF3 on Th17 and Th17.1 cells in vitro. The in vivo effect of ELF3 on Th17.1 cells was analyzed in an adoptive transfer colitis model. ELF3 was expressed by IL-17A-expressing T cells in the colonic lamina propria after colitis induction. Th17 cells and Th17.1 cells were distinguished based on the expression of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3, cytokine production, and key regulators. Th17 cells expressed higher ELF3 than Th17.1 cells. Ectopic ELF3 overexpression did not alter Th17 cell function while suppressing Th17.1 cell function in vitro. When adoptively transferred into Rag1 knockout mice to induce colitis, ELF3-overexpressing Th17.1 cells were less pathogenic than the control Th17.1 cells. ELF3 suppresses the pathogenicity of Th17.1 cells in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Rathod S. T cells in the peritoneum. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 371:15-41. [PMID: 35964999 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The peritoneal cavity is a fluid-packed area that houses most of the abdominal organs, including the omentum, a visceral adipose tissue with milky patches or groups of leukocytes organized in the same way to those observed in typical lymphoid tissues. A distinct population of leukocytes patrols the peritoneal cavity and travels in and out of the milky spots, facing antigens or pathogens in the peritoneal fluid and responding appropriately. T cells may play a crucial function in regulating adaptive immune responses to antigens in the peritoneal cavity to ensure tissue homeostasis and healing. When peritoneal homeostasis is interrupted by inflammation, infection, obesity, or tumor metastasis, the omentum's dedicated fibroblastic stromal cells and mesothelial cells control peritoneal leukocyte recruitment and activation in unique ways. T cells, which employ their T cell receptor to target specific antigens, are an important component of the acquired immune response since they are present in the peritoneal cavity. The peritoneum provides a different environment for T cells to respond to pathogens. This chapter outlines the anatomy relevant to T cell function and biology, such as antigen processing/presentation, T cell activation, and the many T cell subpopulations in the peritoneal cavity, as well as their role in cancer or other infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Rathod
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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Nong C, Guan P, Li L, Zhang H, Hu H. Tumor immunotherapy: Mechanisms and clinical applications. MEDCOMM – ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/mog2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Nong
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Pengbo Guan
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Li Li
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Chongqing International Institution for Immunology Chongqing China
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Mamtimin M, Pinarci A, Han C, Braun A, Anders HJ, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Extracellular DNA Traps: Origin, Function and Implications for Anti-Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:869706. [PMID: 35574410 PMCID: PMC9092261 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.869706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular DNA may serve as marker in liquid biopsies to determine individual diagnosis and prognosis in cancer patients. Cell death or active release from various cell types, including immune cells can result in the release of DNA into the extracellular milieu. Neutrophils are important components of the innate immune system, controlling pathogens through phagocytosis and/or the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs also promote tumor progression and metastasis, by modulating angiogenesis, anti-tumor immunity, blood clotting and inflammation and providing a supportive niche for metastasizing cancer cells. Besides neutrophils, other immune cells such as eosinophils, dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, mast cells, basophils and lymphocytes can also form extracellular traps (ETs) during cancer progression, indicating possible multiple origins of extracellular DNA in cancer. In this review, we summarize the pathomechanisms of ET formation generated by different cell types, and analyze these processes in the context of cancer. We also critically discuss potential ET-inhibiting agents, which may open new therapeutic strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medina Mamtimin
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Akif Pinarci
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Chao Han
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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Pretre V, Papadopoulos D, Regard J, Pelletier M, Woo J. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and the inflammasome in cancer. Cytokine 2022; 153:155850. [PMID: 35279620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the significant contribution of inflammation to the development and progression of various types of cancer. Inflammation in the tumor microenvironment mediates complex interactions between innate immunity, adaptive immunity, microbiomes and stroma, and ultimately alters the overall fitness of tumor cells at multiple stages of carcinogenesis. Malignancies are known to arise in areas of chronic inflammation and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment (often called tumor-promoting inflammation) is believed to allow cancer cells to evade immunosurveillance while promoting genetic instability, survival and progression. Among the strongest data suggesting a causal role for inflammation in cancer come from the recent CANTOS trial which demonstrated that interleukin-1β (IL-1β) inhibition with canakinumab leads to a significant, dose-dependent decrease in incident lung cancer. This observation has launched a series of additional clinical studies to understand the role of IL-1β and the inflammasome in cancer, and the clinical utility of IL-1β inhibition in different stages of lung cancer. In this article we will review recent data implicating IL-1β signaling and its upstream regulator NLRP3 in both solid tumor and hematologic malignancies. We will discuss the key preclinical observations and the current clinical landscape, and describe the pharmacologic tools which will be used to evaluate the effects of blocking tumor-promoting inflammation clinically.
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Microbiome in cancer: Role in carcinogenesis and impact in therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112898. [PMID: 35381448 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the world's second-leading cause of death, and the involvement of microbes in a range of diseases, including cancer, is well established. The gut microbiota is known to play an important role in the host's health and physiology. The gut microbiota and its metabolites may activate immunological and cellular pathways that kill invading pathogens and initiate a cancer-fighting immune response. Cancer is a multiplex illness, characterized by the persistence of several genetic and physiological anomalies in malignant tissue, complicating disease therapy and control. Humans have coevolved with a complex bacterial, fungal, and viral microbiome over millions of years. Specific long-known epidemiological links between certain bacteria and cancer have recently been grasped at the molecular level. Similarly, advances in next-generation sequencing technology have enabled detailed research of microbiomes, such as the human gut microbiome, allowing for the finding of taxonomic and metabolomic linkages between the microbiome and cancer. These investigations have found causative pathways for both microorganisms within tumors and bacteria in various host habitats far from tumors using direct and immunological procedures. Anticancer diagnostic and therapeutic solutions could be developed using this review to tackle the threat of anti-cancer medication resistance as well through the wide-ranging involvement of the microbiota in regulating host metabolic and immunological homeostasis. We reviewed the significance of gut microbiota in cancer initiation as well as cancer prevention. We look at certain microorganisms that may play a role in the development of cancer. Several bacteria with probiotic qualities may be employed as bio-therapeutic agents to re-establish the microbial population and trigger a strong immune response to remove malignancies, and further study into this should be conducted.
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Inderbinen SG, Kley M, Zogg M, Sellner M, Fischer A, Kędzierski J, Boudon S, Jetten AM, Smieško M, Odermatt A. Activation of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γ(t) by parabens and benzophenone UV-filters. Toxicology 2022; 471:153159. [PMID: 35337918 PMCID: PMC11046913 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) regulates immune responses and its impaired function contributes to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and may promote skin cancer. Synthetic inverse RORγt agonists block the production of Th17-associated cytokines including interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-22 and are under investigation for treatment of such pathologies. Unintentional RORγt activation in skin, following exposure to environmental chemicals, may promote inflammatory skin disease. Parabens and UV-filters, frequently used as additives in cosmetics and body care products, are intensively inspected for endocrine disrupting properties. This study assessed whether such compounds can interfere with RORγ activity using a previously established tetracycline-inducible reporter gene assay in CHO cells. These transactivation experiments revealed hexylparaben, benzylparaben and benzophenone-10 as RORγ agonists (EC50 values: 144 ± 97 nM, 3.39 ± 1.74 µM and 1.67 ± 1.04 µM, respectively), and they could restore RORγ activity after suppression by an inverse agonist. Furthermore, they enhanced RORγt-dependent transcription of the pro-inflammatory IL-17A and/or IL-22 genes in the murine T-cell model EL4. Virtual screening of a cosmetics database for structurally similar chemicals and in vitro testing of the most promising hits revealed benzylbenzoate, benzylsalicylate and 4-methylphenylbenzoate as RORγ agonists (low micromolar EC50 values). Moreover, an analysis of mixtures of the newly identified RORγ agonists suggested additive effects. This study presents novel RORγ(t) agonistic structural scaffolds. By activating RORγ(t) the identified parabens and UV-filters may potentially aggravate pathophysiological conditions, especially skin diseases where highest exposure of such chemicals can be expected. Follow-up studies should assess whether such compounds, either alone or as mixtures, can reach relevant concentrations in tissues and target cells to activate RORγ(t) in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia G Inderbinen
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Kley
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Zogg
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Sellner
- Computational Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - André Fischer
- Computational Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacek Kędzierski
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Computational Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Boudon
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111. T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Martin Smieško
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Computational Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
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Baek HS, Jeong C, Shin K, Lee J, Suh H, Lim DJ, Kang MI, Ha J. Association between the type of thyroid dysfunction induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors and prognosis in cancer patients. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:89. [PMID: 35379219 PMCID: PMC8981627 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) cause thyroid immune-related adverse effects (irAEs). However, associations between each type of thyroid immune-related adverse effect (irAE) and the anti-tumor effect of ICI remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the effects of each type of thyroid dysfunction on patient survival. METHODS Patients who initiated ICI treatment from January 2015 to December 2019 in Seoul St. Mary's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Thyroid dysfunction was classified into four types: newly developed overt or subclinical hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, worsened hypothyroidism, and subclinical hyperthyroidism. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of thyroid dysfunction. RESULTS Among the 191 patients, 64 (33.5%) developed thyroid irAEs. There was no significant difference in age, sex, or cancer type between the two groups. The overall survival in patients with thyroid irAEs was significantly higher than that in patients without thyroid irAEs (25 months vs. 18 months, respectively, p = 0.005). After adjusting for confounding factors, the hazard ratio for mortality in the thyroid irAE group compared to the no thyroid irAE group was 0.480 (p = 0.006). Newly developed overt or subclinical hypothyroidism patients showed a significantly lower hazard ratio for mortality of 0.324 (p = 0.002). Patients with thyrotoxicosis showed a worse hazard ratio for mortality than those without thyroid irAE, although the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS It was verified that ICI treatment-induced thyroid dysfunction was associated with better survival, even in the real-world practice. Thus, endocrinologists should cooperate with oncologists to monitor patients treated with ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sang Baek
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, 222, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaiho Jeong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kabsoo Shin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicines, Armed Forces Goyang Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Heysun Suh
- Department of Family Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Lim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, 222, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo Il Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, 222, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Ha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, 222, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Khan K, Gogonea V, Fox PL. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases of the multi-tRNA synthetase complex and their role in tumorigenesis. Transl Oncol 2022; 19:101392. [PMID: 35278792 PMCID: PMC8914993 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, 20 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS) catalyze the ligation of amino acids to their cognate tRNAs to generate aminoacylated-tRNAs. In higher eukaryotes, 9 of the 20 AARSs, along with 3 auxiliary proteins, join to form the cytoplasmic multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). The complex is absent in prokaryotes, but evolutionary expansion of MSC constituents, primarily by addition of novel interacting domains, facilitates formation of subcomplexes that join to establish the holo-MSC. In some cases, environmental cues direct the release of constituents from the MSC which enables the execution of non-canonical, i.e., "moonlighting", functions distinct from their essential activities in protein translation. These activities are generally beneficial, but can also be deleterious to the cell. Elucidation of the non-canonical activities of several AARSs residing in the MSC suggest they are potential therapeutic targets for cancer, as well as metabolic and neurologic diseases. Here, we describe the role of MSC-resident AARSs in cancer progression, and the factors that regulate their release from the MSC. Also, we highlight recent developments in therapeutic modalities that target MSC AARSs for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Khan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America.
| | - Valentin Gogonea
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, United States of America
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America.
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Kos J, Mitrović A, Perišić Nanut M, Pišlar A. Lysosomal peptidases – Intriguing roles in cancer progression and neurodegeneration. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:708-738. [PMID: 35067006 PMCID: PMC8972049 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal peptidases are hydrolytic enzymes capable of digesting waste proteins that are targeted to lysosomes via endocytosis and autophagy. Besides intracellular protein catabolism, they play more specific roles in several other cellular processes and pathologies, either within lysosomes, upon secretion into the cell cytoplasm or extracellular space, or bound to the plasma membrane. In cancer, lysosomal peptidases are generally associated with disease progression, as they participate in crucial processes leading to changes in cell morphology, signaling, migration, and invasion, and finally metastasis. However, they can also enhance the mechanisms resulting in cancer regression, such as apoptosis of tumor cells or antitumor immune responses. Lysosomal peptidases have also been identified as hallmarks of aging and neurodegeneration, playing roles in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal intercellular communication, dysregulated trafficking, and the deposition of protein aggregates in neuronal cells. Furthermore, deficiencies in lysosomal peptidases may result in other pathological states, such as lysosomal storage disease. The aim of this review was to highlight the role of lysosomal peptidases in particular pathological processes of cancer and neurodegeneration and to address the potential of lysosomal peptidases in diagnosing and treating patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janko Kos
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Ana Mitrović
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Milica Perišić Nanut
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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Wu L, Li D, Qin L, Wang Q, Saito Y, Sara R, Fan J. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor deficiency promotes lung cancer growth by affecting the Th17/Treg balance. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 9:1696. [PMID: 34988205 PMCID: PMC8667136 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-5727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) T cells plays a prominent role in eliminating cancer cells. The balance between T helper (Th)17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells is crucial for optimal immune response and protection against cancer. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a), a member of the G protein-coupled protein receptor superfamily, plays a critical role in immune cell function. The aim of our study is to investigate the role of GHSR1a in CD4+ T cell differentiation and lung cancer progression. Methods A subcutaneous lung cancer model was used to examine the role of GHSR1a in controlling tumor growth. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were subcutaneously implanted into Ghsr1a−/− mice and wild-type (WT) mice. The ratio of Th17 and Treg in the draining lymph node of Ghsr1a−/− mice and WT tumor-bearing mice was detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The effect of GHSR1a deficiency on Th17 and Treg cell differentiation was examined using an in vitro differentiation assay. The phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), signal transducer, and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and STAT5 signaling was detected with Western blot. Results We found that the ablation of GHSR1a resulted in impaired anti-tumor immunity to control lung cancer growth in vivo. We also demonstrated that the deficiency of GHSR1a promoted a shift in the Th17/Treg balance toward enhanced Treg differentiation and inhibited Th17 differentiation both in vivo and in vitro, which suggests that GHSR1a regulates T cell lineage choices between Th17 and Treg cell commitment in the tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, the deficiency of GHSR1a resulted in reduced phosphorylation in mTOR and STAT3, and increased phosphorylation in STAT5. Conclusions Our findings showed the important role of GHSR1a in CD4+ T cell differentiation in the context of the lung cancer microenvironment. This research provides a novel molecular target and insights into interventions for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Linlin Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingliang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuichi Saito
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ricciardi Sara
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS University Hospital of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jiang Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Lin G, Zhang L, Yan Z, Jiang W, Wu B, Li D, Xiong X. Identification of heterogeneous subsets of aortic interleukin-17A-expressing CD4 + T cells in atherosclerotic mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221117933. [PMID: 35932160 PMCID: PMC9364180 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221117933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: T helper 17 (Th17) cells are involved in the inflammatory response of
atherosclerosis. However, their heterogeneity in the atherosclerotic aorta remains
elusive. This study was designed to identify aortic Th17 subsets. Methods: The surface
markers and transcription factors of aortic interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-expressing T cells
were determined by flow cytometry in an ApoE-deficient mouse atherosclerotic model. Viable
aortic IL-17A-expressing T cell subsets were isolated by flow cytometry on the basis of
surface markers, followed by characterizing their transcription factors by either flow
cytometry or real-time RT-PCR. The effect of aortic IL-17A-expressing T cell subsets on
aortic endothelial cells was determined in vitro. Results: C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor
3 (CXCR3), interleukin-17 receptor E (IL-17RE), CD200, and C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4
(CCR4) marked three subsets of aortic IL-17A-expressing T cells:
CXCR3+IL-17RElowCD200+CCR4- T cells
expressing T-box protein expressed in T cells (T-bet) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ),
CXCR3+IL-17RElowCD200+CCR4+ T cells
expressing T-bet but fewer IFN-γ, and
CXCR3−IL-17REhighCD200+CCR4+ T cells
expressing very low T-bet and no IFN-γ. Based on these markers, viable aortic Th17 cells,
Th17.1 cells, and transitional Th17.1 cells were identified. Both Th17.1 cells and
transitional Th17.1 cells were more proliferative than Th17 cells. Compared with Th17
cells, Th17.1 cells plus transitional Th17.1 cells induced higher expression of C-X-C
motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), C-X-C motif
chemokine 5 (CXCL5), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in
aortic endothelial cells. Conclusion: IL-17A-expressing CD4+ T cells were
heterogeneous in atherosclerotic aortas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhen Lin
- The Department of Cardiology at Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Department of Cardiology at Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- The Department of Cardiology at Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- The Department of Cardiology at Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China
| | - Beibei Wu
- The Department of Cardiology at Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- The Department of Cardiology at Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaofang Xiong
- The Department of Cardiology at Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China
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YAP/Hippo Pathway and Cancer Immunity: It Takes Two to Tango. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121949. [PMID: 34944765 PMCID: PMC8698579 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippo pathway with its main molecule YAP is a crucial pathway for development, tissue homeostasis, wound healing, tissue regeneration, and cancer. In this review, we discuss the multiple effects of the YAP/Hippo pathway in the immune system and cancer. We analyzed a series of effects: extracellular vesicles enhanced immunity through inhibition of LATS1/2, ways of modulation of the tumor microenvironment, YAP- and TAZ-mediated upregulation of PDL1, high expression of YAP and PDL1 in EGFR-TKI-resistant cells, enhanced YAP activity in inflammation, and the effect of the Hippo pathway on T cells, B cells, Tregs, macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These pleiotropic effects render the YAP and Hippo pathway a key pathway for exploitation in the future, in order to enhance our immunotherapy treatment strategies in oncology.
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Reduced Interleukin-17-Expressing Cells in Cutaneous Melanoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121930. [PMID: 34944746 PMCID: PMC8698827 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of tumor associated lymphocytes (TILs) in tumor lesions is important to obtain a clear definition of their prognostic value and address novel therapeutic opportunities. In this work, we examined the presence of T helper (Th)17 lymphocytes in cutaneous melanoma. We performed an immunohistochemical analysis of a small cohort of primary melanomas, retrospectively selected. Thereafter, we isolated TILs from seven freshly surgically removed melanomas and from three basal cell carcinomas (BCC), as a comparison with a non-melanoma skin cancer known to retain a high amount of Th17 cells. In both studies, we found that, differently from BCC, melanoma samples showed a lower percentage of Th17 lymphocytes. Additionally, TIL clones could not be induced to differentiate towards the Th17 phenotype in vitro. The presence or absence of Th17 cells did not correlate with any patient characteristics. We only observed a lower amount of Th17 cells in samples from woman donors. We found a tendency towards an association between expression by melanoma cells of placenta growth factor, angiogenic factors able to induce Th17 differentiation, and presence of Th17 lymphocytes. Taken together, our data indicate the necessity of a deeper analysis of Th17 lymphocytes in cutaneous melanoma before correlating them with prognosis or proposing Th17-cell based therapeutic approaches.
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Multifaceted Roles of Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Tumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236132. [PMID: 34885241 PMCID: PMC8656932 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Various immune cells are involved in host immune responses to cancer. T-helper (Th) 1 cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and natural killer cells are the major effector cells in anti-tumor immunity, whereas cells such as regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells are negatively involved in anti-tumor immunity. Th2 cells and Th17 cells have been shown to have both pro-tumor and anti-tumor activities. The migratory properties of various immune cells are essential for their function and critically regulated by the chemokine superfamily. In this review, we summarize the roles of various immune cells in tumor immunity and their migratory regulation by the chemokine superfamily. We also assess the therapeutic possibilities of targeting chemokines and chemokine receptors in cancer immunotherapy. Abstract Various immune cells are involved in host tumor immune responses. In particular, there are many T cell subsets with different roles in tumor immunity. T-helper (Th) 1 cells are involved in cellular immunity and thus play the major role in host anti-tumor immunity by inducing and activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). On the other hand, Th2 cells are involved in humoral immunity and suppressive to Th1 responses. Regulatory T (Treg) cells negatively regulate immune responses and contribute to immune evasion of tumor cells. Th17 cells are involved in inflammatory responses and may play a role in tumor progression. However, recent studies have also shown that Th17 cells are capable of directly inducting CTLs and thus may promote anti-tumor immunity. Besides these T cell subsets, there are many other innate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that are involved in host immune responses to cancer. The migratory properties of various immune cells are critical for their functions and largely regulated by the chemokine superfamily. Thus, chemokines and chemokine receptors play vital roles in the orchestration of host immune responses to cancer. In this review, we overview the various immune cells involved in host responses to cancer and their migratory properties regulated by the chemokine superfamily. Understanding the roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in host immune responses to cancer may provide new therapeutic opportunities for cancer immunotherapy.
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Proliferating CD8+ T Cell Infiltrates Are Associated with Improved Survival in Glioblastoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123378. [PMID: 34943886 PMCID: PMC8699921 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are prognostic in many human cancers. However, the prognostic value of lymphocytes infiltrating glioblastoma (GBM), and roles in tumor control or progression are unclear. We hypothesized that B and T cell density, and markers of their activity, proliferation, differentiation, or function, would have favorable prognostic significance for patients with GBM. Methods: initial resection specimens from 77 patients with IDH1/2 wild type GBM who received standard-of-care treatment were evaluated with multiplex immunofluorescence histology (mIFH), for the distribution, density, differentiation, and proliferation of T cells and B cells, as well as for the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), and IFNγ expression. Immune infiltrates were evaluated for associations with overall survival (OS) by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling. Results: in univariate analyses, improved OS was associated with high densities of proliferating (Ki67+) CD8+ cells (HR 0.36, p = 0.001) and CD20+ cells (HR 0.51, p = 0.008), as well as CD8+Tbet+ cells (HR 0.46, p = 0.004), and RORγt+ cells (HR 0.56, p = 0.04). Conversely, IFNγ intensity was associated with diminished OS (HR 0.59, p = 0.036). In multivariable analyses, adjusting for clinical variables, including age, resection extent, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), and MGMT methylation status, improved OS was associated with high densities of proliferating (Ki67+) CD8+ cells (HR 0.15, p < 0.001), and higher ratios of CD8+ cells to CD4+ cells (HR 0.31, p = 0.005). Diminished OS was associated with increases in patient age (HR 1.21, p = 0.005) and higher mean intensities of IFNγ (HR 2.13, p = 0.027). Conclusions: intratumoral densities of proliferating CD8 T cells and higher CD8/CD4 ratios are independent predictors of OS in patients with GBM. Paradoxically, higher mean intensities of IFNγ in the tumors were associated with shorter OS. These findings suggest that survival may be enhanced by increasing proliferation of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells and that approaches may be needed to promote CD8+ T cell dominance in GBM, and to interfere with the immunoregulatory effects of IFNγ in the tumor microenvironment.
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Lücke J, Shiri AM, Zhang T, Kempski J, Giannou AD, Huber S. Rationalizing heptadecaphobia: T H 17 cells and associated cytokines in cancer and metastasis. FEBS J 2021; 288:6942-6971. [PMID: 33448148 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. When cancer patients are diagnosed with metastasis, meaning that the primary tumor has spread to at least one different site, their life expectancy decreases dramatically. In the past decade, the immune system´s role in fighting cancer and metastasis has been studied extensively. Importantly, immune cells and inflammatory reactions generate potent antitumor responses but also contribute to tumor development. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this dichotomic interaction between the immune system and cancer are still poorly understood. Recently, a spotlight has been cast on the distinct subsets of immune cells and their derived cytokines since evidence has implicated their crucial impact on cancer development. T helper 17 cell (TH 17) cells, which express the master transcriptional factor Retinoic acid-receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t, are among these critical cell subsets and are defined by their production of type 3 cytokines, such as IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22. Depending on the tumor microenvironment, these cytokines can also be produced by other immune cell sources, such as T cytotoxic 17 cell, innate lymphoid cells, NKT cells, or γδ T cells. To date, a lot of data have been collected describing the divergent functions of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 in malignancies. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the role of these TH 17- and non-TH 17-derived type 3 cytokines in different tumor entities. Furthermore, we will provide a structured insight into the strict regulation and subsequent downstream mechanisms of these cytokines in cancer and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jöran Lücke
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ahmad Mustafa Shiri
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Tao Zhang
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Jan Kempski
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- The Calcium Signaling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Anastasios D Giannou
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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Sharma V, Sachdeva N, Gupta V, Nada R, Jacob J, Sahni D, Aggarwal A. IL-6 is associated with expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and enhanced immunosuppression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. Scand J Immunol 2021; 94:e13107. [PMID: 38192074 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation favours the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) by secreting pro-inflammatory mediators. The role of MDSCs in mediating immunosuppression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and in defining a premalignant route from chronic pancreatitis remains unclear. We aimed to study the immunosuppressive potential of all subsets of MDSCs and their correlation with inflammatory cytokines in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis. Relative frequencies of MDSCs, immunosuppressive markers arginase-1 (ARG-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokines in circulation and surgically resected local pancreatic tissue of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients were analysed by multicolour flow cytometry and cytokine bead array, respectively. Levels of cytokines involved in MDSCs activation were analysed by ELISA, and the immunosuppressive nature of MDSCs was confirmed by T-cell suppression assay. Frequencies of circulating MDSCs and ARG-1, PD-L1, and ROS were significantly higher in pancreatic adenocarcinoma than healthy controls and showed a significant positive correlation with MDSCs burden in cancer tissue. Serum levels of cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were significantly elevated in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. IL-6 serum levels showed a significant positive correlation with frequencies of circulating MDSCs in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients, and MDSCs mediated suppression of T-cell proliferation in vitro was associated with elevated IL-6 levels in the cell culture medium. Collectively, our results suggest that IL-6 plays a crucial role in the expansion of MDSCs and activating their immunosuppressive nature in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The relative frequency of MDSCs in circulation can be used as a potential diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinit Sharma
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Naresh Sachdeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ritambhra Nada
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Justin Jacob
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Daisy Sahni
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Anjali Aggarwal
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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