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Joller N, Anderson AC, Kuchroo VK. LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT: Distinct functions in immune regulation. Immunity 2024; 57:206-222. [PMID: 38354701 PMCID: PMC10919259 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT comprise the next generation of immune checkpoint receptors being harnessed in the clinic. Although initially studied for their roles in restraining T cell responses, intense investigation over the last several years has started to pinpoint the unique functions of these molecules in other immune cell types. Understanding the distinct processes that these receptors regulate across immune cells and tissues will inform the clinical development and application of therapies that either antagonize or agonize these receptors, as well as the profile of potential tissue toxicity associated with their targeting. Here, we discuss the distinct functions of LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT, including their contributions to the regulation of immune cells beyond T cells, their roles in disease, and the implications for their targeting in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Joller
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana C Anderson
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Gocher-Demske AM, Cui J, Szymczak-Workman AL, Vignali KM, Latini JN, Pieklo GP, Kimball JC, Avery L, Cipolla EM, Huckestein BR, Hedden L, Meisel M, Alcorn JF, Kane LP, Workman CJ, Vignali DAA. IFNγ-induction of T H1-like regulatory T cells controls antiviral responses. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:841-854. [PMID: 36928412 PMCID: PMC10224582 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01453-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are an immunosuppressive population that are required to maintain peripheral tolerance and prevent tissue damage from immunopathology, via anti-inflammatory cytokines, inhibitor receptors and metabolic disruption. Here we show that Treg cells acquire an effector-like state, yet remain stable and functional, when exposed to interferon gamma (IFNγ) during infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis and influenza A virus. Treg cell-restricted deletion of the IFNγ receptor (encoded by Ifngr1), but not the interleukin 12 (IL12) receptor (encoded by Il12rb2), prevented TH1-like polarization (decreased expression of T-bet, CXC motif chemokine receptor 3 and IFNγ) and promoted TH2-like polarization (increased expression of GATA-3, CCR4 and IL4). TH1-like Treg cells limited CD8+ T cell effector function, proliferation and memory formation during acute and chronic infection. These findings provide fundamental insights into how Treg cells sense inflammatory cues from the environment (such as IFNγ) during viral infection to provide guidance to the effector immune response. This regulatory circuit prevents prolonged immunoinflammatory responses and shapes the quality and quantity of the memory T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Gocher-Demske
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Kate M Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julianna N Latini
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gwen P Pieklo
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jesse C Kimball
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lyndsay Avery
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ellyse M Cipolla
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Program in Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brydie R Huckestein
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Program in Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lee Hedden
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marlies Meisel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John F Alcorn
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence P Kane
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Creg J Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Bowakim-Anta N, Acolty V, Azouz A, Yagita H, Leo O, Goriely S, Oldenhove G, Moser M. Chronic CD27-CD70 costimulation promotes type 1-specific polarization of effector Tregs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1023064. [PMID: 36993956 PMCID: PMC10041113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1023064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionMost T lymphocytes, including regulatory T cells, express the CD27 costimulatory receptor in steady state conditions. There is evidence that CD27 engagement on conventional T lymphocytes favors the development of Th1 and cytotoxic responses in mice and humans, but the impact on the regulatory lineage is unknown.MethodsIn this report, we examined the effect of constitutive CD27 engagement on both regulatory and conventional CD4+ T cells in vivo, in the absence of intentional antigenic stimulation.ResultsOur data show that both T cell subsets polarize into type 1 Tconvs or Tregs, characterized by cell activation, cytokine production, response to IFN-γ and CXCR3-dependent migration to inflammatory sites. Transfer experiments suggest that CD27 engagement triggers Treg activation in a cell autonomous fashion.ConclusionWe conclude that CD27 may regulate the development of Th1 immunity in peripheral tissues as well as the subsequent switch of the effector response into long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bowakim-Anta
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Valérie Acolty
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Abdulkader Azouz
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Oberdan Leo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Stanislas Goriely
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Oldenhove
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Muriel Moser
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Muriel Moser,
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Single-Cell Heterogeneity of the Liver-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Individuals with Chronic Echinococcus multilocularis Infection. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0017722. [PMID: 36317875 PMCID: PMC9670881 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00177-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a tumor-like disease predominantly located in the liver. The cellular composition and heterogeneity of the lesion-infiltrating lymphocytes which produce an “immunosuppressive” microenvironment are poorly understood.
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Effects of curcumin-piperine supplementation on systemic immunity in young women with premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea: A randomized clinical trial. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022; 278:131-136. [PMID: 36174434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and primary dysmenorrhea (PD) are common gynecological complications and there is evidence that inflammation may be an important factor in their etiology. There is a relationship between PMS and PD with susceptibility to allergic disorders. We aimed to assess the effect of curcumin co-administered with piperine on serum IL-10, IL-12 and IgE levels in patients with PD and PMS. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 80 patients were recruited to this triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Participants were randomly allocated to curcumin (n = 40) and control groups (n = 40). Each participant received one capsule (500 mg of curcuminoid plus piperine, or placebo) daily, from 7 days before until 3 days after menstruation for three consecutive menstrual cycles. RESULTS Serum IgE, IL-10 and IL-12 levels were quantified by using an ELISA kit. No significant differences were found between the two groups at baseline, including: age, BMI, and dietary intakes (P > 0.05). Curcumin + piperine treatment was associated with a significant reduction in the mean serum levels of IgE [from 223.6 ± 258.7 IU/mL to 161.3 ± 240.7; P = 0.001]; but there were no significant changes in the placebo group (P = 0.12). Serum concentrations of IL-10 and IL-12 before and after the trial period did not differ significantly between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Curcumin plus piperine might be have positive effect on serum IgE levels with no significant changes on serum IL-10 and IL-12 in healthy young women with PMS and PD. Studies with higher doses and longer durations of treatment with curcumin are required to confirm these findings.
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Yenyuwadee S, Sanchez-Trincado Lopez JL, Shah R, Rosato PC, Boussiotis VA. The evolving role of tissue-resident memory T cells in infections and cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo5871. [PMID: 35977028 PMCID: PMC9385156 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo5871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Resident memory T cells (TRM) form a distinct type of T memory cells that stably resides in tissues. TRM form an integral part of the immune sensing network and have the ability to control local immune homeostasis and participate in immune responses mediated by pathogens, cancer, and possibly autoantigens during autoimmunity. TRM express residence gene signatures, functional properties of both memory and effector cells, and remarkable plasticity. TRM have a well-established role in pathogen immunity, whereas their role in antitumor immune responses and immunotherapy is currently evolving. As TRM form the most abundant T memory cell population in nonlymphoid tissues, they are attractive targets for therapeutic exploitation. Here, we provide a concise review of the development and physiological role of CD8+ TRM, their involvement in diseases, and their potential therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasitorn Yenyuwadee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jose Luis Sanchez-Trincado Lopez
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Laboratory of Immunomedicine, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Ave Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rushil Shah
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 , USA
| | - Pamela C. Rosato
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03755, USA
| | - Vassiliki A. Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Chen W, Cao Y, Zhong Y, Sun J, Dong J. The Mechanisms of Effector Th Cell Responses Contribute to Treg Cell Function: New Insights into Pathogenesis and Therapy of Asthma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:862866. [PMID: 35898499 PMCID: PMC9309477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.862866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4 + helper T (Th) cell subsets are critically involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Naive Th cells differentiate into different subsets under the stimulation of different sets of cytokines, and the differentiation process is dominantly driven by lineage specific transcription factors, such as T-bet (Th1), GATA3 (Th2), RORγt (Th17) and Foxp3 (Treg). The differentiation mechanisms driven by these transcription factors are mutually exclusive, resulting in functional inhibition of these Th subsets to each other, particularly prominent between effector Th cells and Treg cells, such as Th2 versus Treg cells and Th17 versus Treg cells. Being of significance in maintaining immune homeostasis, the balance between effector Th cell response and Treg cell immunosuppression provides an immunological theoretical basis for us to understand the immunopathological mechanism and develop the therapy strategies of asthma. However, recent studies have found that certain factors involved in effector Th cells response, such as cytokines and master transcription factors (IL-12 and T-bet of Th1, IL-4 and GATA3 of Th2, IL-6 and RORγt of Th17), not only contribute to immune response of effector Th cells, but also promote the development and function of Treg cells, therefore bridging the interplay between effector Th cell immune responses and Treg cell immunosuppression. Although we have an abundant knowledge concerning the role of these cytokines and transcription factors in effector Th cell responses, our understanding on their role in Treg cell development and function is scattered thus need to be summarized. This review summarized the role of these cytokines and transcription factors involved in effector Th cell responses in the development and function of Treg cells, in the hope of providing new insights of understanding the immunopathological mechanism and seeking potential therapy strategies of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxue Cao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Sun, ; Jingcheng Dong,
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Sun, ; Jingcheng Dong,
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8
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Th1-like Treg in vitiligo: An incompetent regulator in immune tolerance. J Autoimmun 2022; 131:102859. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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James J, Chen Y, Hernandez CM, Forster F, Dagnell M, Cheng Q, Saei AA, Gharibi H, Lahore GF, Åstrand A, Malhotra R, Malissen B, Zubarev RA, Arnér ESJ, Holmdahl R. Redox regulation of PTPN22 affects the severity of T-cell-dependent autoimmune inflammation. eLife 2022; 11:74549. [PMID: 35587260 PMCID: PMC9119677 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic autoimmune diseases are associated with mutations in PTPN22, a modifier of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. As with all protein tyrosine phosphatases, the activity of PTPN22 is redox regulated, but if or how such regulation can modulate inflammatory pathways in vivo is not known. To determine this, we created a mouse with a cysteine-to-serine mutation at position 129 in PTPN22 (C129S), a residue proposed to alter the redox regulatory properties of PTPN22 by forming a disulfide with the catalytic C227 residue. The C129S mutant mouse showed a stronger T-cell-dependent inflammatory response and development of T-cell-dependent autoimmune arthritis due to enhanced TCR signaling and activation of T cells, an effect neutralized by a mutation in Ncf1, a component of the NOX2 complex. Activity assays with purified proteins suggest that the functional results can be explained by an increased sensitivity to oxidation of the C129S mutated PTPN22 protein. We also observed that the disulfide of native PTPN22 can be directly reduced by the thioredoxin system, while the C129S mutant lacking this disulfide was less amenable to reductive reactivation. In conclusion, we show that PTPN22 functionally interacts with Ncf1 and is regulated by oxidation via the noncatalytic C129 residue and oxidation-prone PTPN22 leads to increased severity in the development of T-cell-dependent autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime James
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yifei Chen
- Division of Biochemistry, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Clara M Hernandez
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Florian Forster
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Dagnell
- Division of Biochemistry, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qing Cheng
- Division of Biochemistry, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amir A Saei
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Hassan Gharibi
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gonzalo Fernandez Lahore
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Åstrand
- Project Leader Department, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rajneesh Malhotra
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pharmacological & Technological Chemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Selenoprotein Research, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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10
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Estrada Brull A, Panetti C, Joller N. Moving to the Outskirts: Interplay Between Regulatory T Cells and Peripheral Tissues. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864628. [PMID: 35572535 PMCID: PMC9099010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) restrain excessive immune responses and dampen inflammation. In addition to this classical immune suppressive role, Tregs in non-lymphoid tissues also promote tissue homeostasis, regeneration and repair. In this review, we outline our current understanding of how Tregs migrate to peripheral tissues and the factors required for their maintenance at these sites. We discuss the tissue-specific adaptations of Tregs at barrier and immuno-privileged sites and the mechanisms that regulate their function within these organs. Furthermore, we outline what is known about the interactions of Tregs with non-immune cells in the different peripheral tissues at steady state and upon challenge or tissue damage. A thorough understanding of the tissue-specific adaptations and functions of Tregs will potentially pave the way for therapeutic approaches targeting their regenerative role.
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11
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Yin Y, Wang F, Yang M, Tan B, Yin Y, Chen J, Yang Z. Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides as Antibiotic Substitutes Improve Growth Performance, Serum Immunity, Antioxidant Status, and Intestinal Health for Weaned Piglets. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:819993. [PMID: 35281314 PMCID: PMC8914510 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.819993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of dietary Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) supplementation on the growth performance, immune response, serum antioxidant status, and intestinal health of weaned piglets. In total, 24 crossed healthy weaned piglets [Duroc × (Yorkshire × Landrace)], of similar body weight (7.47 ± 0.22 kg), were randomly allocated to three treatment groups: CON (basal diet); LBPs (basal diet plus 4,000 mg/kg LBPs); and antibiotic (ABO, basal diet plus 20 mg/kg flavomycin and 50 mg/kg quinocetone). There were eight pigs per group. The study lasted 28 days. When compared with CON, LBPs or ABO dietary supplementation increased average daily gain (P < 0.05), decreased the ratio of feed to gain and the diarrhea ratio (P < 0.05). Similarly, when compared with CON, LBPs dietary supplementation increased serum immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, interleukin-10, interleukin-2, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels (P < 0.05). Dietary LBPs enhanced the activity of serum total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase, and decreased malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.05). Principal component analysis showed a distinct separation between CON and LBPs groups, but no differences between ABO and LBPs groups. LBPs addition increased Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium (P < 0.05) levels, while it decreased Enterococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae (P < 0.05) levels. Furthermore, when compared with the CON group, LBPs increased villus height (P < 0.05) and the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05). Thus, dietary supplementation with LBPs improved growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immunity, regulated intestinal microbial composition, and may be used as an efficient antibiotic alternative in weaned piglet feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexin Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Bie Tan
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jiashun Chen
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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12
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Ajouaou Y, Azouz A, Taquin A, Denanglaire S, Hussein H, Krayem M, Andris F, Moser M, Goriely S, Leo O. The oxygen sensor Prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 regulates the in vivo suppressive capacity of regulatory T cells. eLife 2022; 11:70555. [PMID: 35192456 PMCID: PMC8896828 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxygen sensor prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) plays an important role in cell hypoxia adaptation by regulating the stability of HIF proteins (HIF1α and HIF2α) in numerous cell types, including T lymphocytes. The role of oxygen sensor on immune cells, particularly on regulatory T cell (Treg) function, has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the role of PHD2 in the regulation of Treg phenotype and function. We demonstrate herein that selective ablation of PHD2 expression in Treg (PHD2ΔTreg mice) leads to a spontaneous systemic inflammatory syndrome, as evidenced by weight loss, development of a rectal prolapse, splenomegaly, shortening of the colon, and elevated expression of IFN-γ in the mesenteric lymph nodes, intestine, and spleen. PHD2 deficiency in Tregs led to an increased number of activated CD4 conventional T cells expressing a Th1-like effector phenotype. Concomitantly, the expression of innate-type cytokines such as Il1b, Il12a, Il12b, and Tnfa was found to be elevated in peripheral (gut) tissues and spleen. PHD2ΔTreg mice also displayed an enhanced sensitivity to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and toxoplasmosis, suggesting that PHD2-deficient Tregs did not efficiently control inflammatory response in vivo, particularly those characterized by IFN-γ production. Further analysis revealed that Treg dysregulation was largely prevented in PHD2-HIF2α (PHD2-HIF2αΔTreg mice), but not in PHD2-HIF1α (PHD2-HIF1αΔTreg mice) double KOs, suggesting an important and possibly selective role of the PHD2-HIF2α axis in the control of Treg function. Finally, the transcriptomic analysis of PHD2-deficient Tregs identified the STAT1 pathway as a target of the PHD2-HIF2α axis in regulatory T cell phenotype and in vivo function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hind Hussein
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Krayem
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Muriel Moser
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - Oberdan Leo
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
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13
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Artola-Borán M, Fallegger A, Priola M, Jeske R, Waterboer T, Dohlman AB, Shen X, Wild S, He J, Levesque MP, Yousefi S, Simon HU, Cheng PF, Müller A. Mycobacterial infection aggravates Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric preneoplastic pathology by redirection of de novo induced Treg cells. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110359. [PMID: 35139377 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The two human pathogens Helicobacter pylori and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) co-exist in many geographical areas of the world. Here, using a co-infection model of H. pylori and the Mtb relative M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), we show that both bacteria affect the colonization and immune control of the respective other pathogen. Co-occurring M. bovis boosts gastric Th1 responses and H. pylori control and aggravates gastric immunopathology. H. pylori in the stomach compromises immune control of M. bovis in the liver and spleen. Prior antibiotic H. pylori eradication or M. bovis-specific immunization reverses the effects of H. pylori. Mechanistically, the mutual effects can be attributed to the redirection of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) to sites of M. bovis infection. Reversal of Treg cell redirection by CXCR3 blockade restores M. bovis control. In conclusion, the simultaneous presence of both pathogens exacerbates the problems associated with each individual infection alone and should possibly be factored into treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Artola-Borán
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Fallegger
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Priola
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rima Jeske
- Infection and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infection and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anders B Dohlman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sebastian Wild
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiazhuo He
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia; Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Phil F Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Zhang R, Miao J, Zhang K, Zhang B, Luo X, Sun H, Zheng Z, Zhu P. Th1-Like Treg Cells Are Increased But Deficient in Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:863753. [PMID: 35603149 PMCID: PMC9114761 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.863753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the changes in quantity and function of T helper (Th)-like T regulatory (Treg) cell subsets in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to understand their relationship with disease activity. METHODS A total of 86 RA patients and 76 gender and age-matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study. Th-like Treg frequency and function were determined using flow cytometry. The inhibitory function of Th-like Treg cells was detected using an in vitro co-culture suppression assay. RESULTS The proportion and absolute number of Th1-like Treg cells from RA PB and RA SF were significantly higher than those of HC PB. In RA SF, the proportions of Treg cells and Th1-like Treg cells were significantly lower in the elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate or the C-Reactive Protein group, and in the positive groups of anti-CCP antibody and anti-MCV antibody. Additionally, the proportions of Treg cells and Th1-like Treg cells from RA SF were negatively correlated with disease activity. However, the expression levels of CD73 and TGF-β1 in Th1-like Treg cells were decreased, and these Treg cells could not effectively inhibit the proliferation of effector T (Teff) cells. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that Th1-like Treg cells are the predominant Treg cell subset in RA SF, but their suppressive function is defective. Improving the function of Th1-like Treg cells may control inflammation in joints and provide new strategies for Treg-targeted therapies in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Chinese People's Liberation Army. (PLA) Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatoid & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Special Service Convalescence, Air Force Healthcare Center for Special Services, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinlin Miao
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Chinese People's Liberation Army. (PLA) Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatoid & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Chinese People's Liberation Army. (PLA) Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatoid & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Chinese People's Liberation Army. (PLA) Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatoid & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xing Luo
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Chinese People's Liberation Army. (PLA) Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatoid & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haoyang Sun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Chinese People's Liberation Army. (PLA) Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatoid & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhaohui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Chinese People's Liberation Army. (PLA) Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatoid & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaohui Zheng, ; Ping Zhu,
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Chinese People's Liberation Army. (PLA) Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatoid & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaohui Zheng, ; Ping Zhu,
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15
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Saito S. Reconsideration of the Role of Regulatory T Cells during Pregnancy: Differential Characteristics of Regulatory T Cells between the Maternal-Fetal Interface and Peripheral Sites and between Early and Late Pregnancy. Med Princ Pract 2022; 31:403-414. [PMID: 36195068 PMCID: PMC9801372 DOI: 10.1159/000527336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in implantation of the embryo and maintenance of pregnancy after allogeneic mating. Implantation failure, miscarriage, and preeclampsia are associated with decreased numbers of Treg cells or with dysfunctional Treg cells. Treg cells are classified into naturally occurring Treg (nTreg) cells or thymus-derived Treg (tTreg) cells that differentiate in the thymus and induce tolerance to self-antigens, while induced Treg (iTreg) or peripheral Treg (pTreg) cells differentiate in the periphery and induce transient tolerance to foreign antigens. Memory nTreg or iTreg cells were recently reported to accumulate in the uterus during early pregnancy and contribute to the establishment of pregnancy. Miscarriage is characterized by the downregulation of the total numbers of Treg cells rather than a downregulation of the numbers of paternal/fetal antigen-specific Treg cells. In addition to the volume of paternal/fetal antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, the number of paternal/fetal antigen-specific Treg cells, which protect the fetus/placenta against maternal immune cell attack, increases after the second trimester of pregnancy. Clonal Treg cells which are surrogate markers of paternal/fetal antigen-specific Treg cells in humans may be involved in the development of preeclampsia during the mid- to late pregnancy stage, as evidenced by their downregulation in the decidua of preeclamptic cases. This review summarizes recent findings on Treg cells and discusses the roles, in the maintenance of pregnancy, of different types of Treg cells such as paternal/fetal antigen-specific Treg, pregnancy-associated memory Treg, nTreg (or tTreg), and iTreg (or pTreg cells).
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16
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The fellowship of regulatory and tissue-resident memory cells. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:64-73. [PMID: 34608235 PMCID: PMC8488068 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00456-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
T cells located in non-lymphoid tissues have come to prominence in recent years. CD8+ tissue-resident memory (Trm) cells are important for tissue immune surveillance, provide an important line of defence against invading pathogens and show promise in cancer therapies. These cells differ in phenotype from other memory populations, are adapted to the tissue they home to where they found their cognate antigen and have different metabolic requirements for survival and activation. CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells also consist of specialised populations, found in non-lymphoid tissues, with distinct transcriptional programmes. These cells have equally adapted to function in the tissue they made their home. Both Trm and Treg cells have functions beyond immune defence, involving tissue homeostasis, repair and turnover. They are part of a multicellular communication network. Intriguingly, occupying the same niche, Treg cells are important in the establishment of Trm cells, which may have implications to harness the immune surveillance and tissue homeostasis properties of Trm cells for future therapies.
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17
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El Ahdab N, Haque M, Madogwe E, Koski KG, Scott ME. Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22082. [PMID: 34764345 PMCID: PMC8585879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal nematode infections common during pregnancy have recently been shown to have impacts that extend to their uninfected offspring including altered brain gene expression. If maternal immune signals reach the neonatal brain, they might alter neuroimmune development. We explored expression of genes associated with four distinct types of T cells (Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg) and with leukocyte transendothelial migration and endocytosis transport across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in the postnatal brain of offspring of nematode-infected mice, through secondary analysis of a whole brain gene expression database. Th1/Th17 expression was lowered by maternal infection as evidenced by down-regulated expression of IL1β, Th1 receptors and related proteins, and of IL22 and several Th17 genes associated with immunopathology. In contrast, Th2/Treg related pathways were upregulated as shown by higher expression of IL4 and TGF-β family genes. Maternal infection also upregulated expression of pathways and integrin genes involved in transport of leukocytes in between endothelial cells but downregulated endosome vesicle formation related genes that are necessary for endocytosis of immunoglobulins across the BBB. Taken together, pup brain gene expression indicates that maternal nematode infection enhanced movement of leukocytes across the neonatal BBB and promoted a Th2/Treg environment that presumably minimizes the proinflammatory Th1 response in the pup brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal El Ahdab
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Manjurul Haque
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Ejimedo Madogwe
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Kristine G Koski
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Marilyn E Scott
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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18
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Elfaki Y, Yang J, Boehme J, Schultz K, Bruder D, Falk CS, Huehn J, Floess S. Tbx21 and Foxp3 Are Epigenetically Stabilized in T-Bet + Tregs That Transiently Accumulate in Influenza A Virus-Infected Lungs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147522. [PMID: 34299148 PMCID: PMC8307036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During influenza A virus (IAV) infections, CD4+ T cell responses within infected lungs mainly involve T helper 1 (Th1) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Th1-mediated responses favor the co-expression of T-box transcription factor 21 (T-bet) in Foxp3+ Tregs, enabling the efficient Treg control of Th1 responses in infected tissues. So far, the exact accumulation kinetics of T cell subsets in the lungs and lung-draining lymph nodes (dLN) of IAV-infected mice is incompletely understood, and the epigenetic signature of Tregs accumulating in infected lungs has not been investigated. Here, we report that the total T cell and the two-step Treg accumulation in IAV-infected lungs is transient, whereas the change in the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells is more durable. Within lungs, the frequency of Tregs co-expressing T-bet is steadily, yet transiently, increasing with a peak at Day 7 post-infection. Interestingly, T-bet+ Tregs accumulating in IAV-infected lungs displayed a strongly demethylated Tbx21 locus, similarly as in T-bet+ conventional T cells, and a fully demethylated Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR) within the Foxp3 locus. In summary, our data suggest that T-bet+ but not T-bet- Tregs are epigenetically stabilized during IAV-induced infection in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassin Elfaki
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (Y.E.); (J.Y.)
| | - Juhao Yang
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (Y.E.); (J.Y.)
| | - Julia Boehme
- Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.B.); (K.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Kristin Schultz
- Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.B.); (K.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Dunja Bruder
- Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.B.); (K.S.); (D.B.)
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christine S. Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- German Center for Infection Research DZIF, Thematical Translation Unit-Immunocompromized Host (TTU-IICH), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (Y.E.); (J.Y.)
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (S.F.)
| | - Stefan Floess
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (Y.E.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (S.F.)
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19
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Allred MG, Chimenti MS, Ciecko AE, Chen YG, Lieberman SM. Characterization of Type I Interferon-Associated Chemokines and Cytokines in Lacrimal Glands of Nonobese Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073767. [PMID: 33916486 PMCID: PMC8038628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are required for spontaneous lacrimal gland inflammation in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of Sjögren’s disease, but the consequences of type I IFN signaling are not well-defined. Here, we use RNA sequencing to define cytokine and chemokine genes upregulated in lacrimal glands of NOD mice in a type I IFN-dependent manner. Interleukin (IL)-21 was the highest differentially expressed cytokine gene, and Il21 knockout NOD mice were relatively protected from lacrimal gland inflammation. We defined a set of chemokines upregulated early in disease including Cxcl9 and Cxcl10, which share a receptor, CXCR3. CXCR3+ T cells were enriched in lacrimal glands with a dominant proportion of CXCR3+ regulatory T cells. Together these data define the early cytokine and chemokine signals associated with type I IFN-signaling in the development of lacrimal gland inflammation in NOD mice providing insight into the role of type I IFN in autoimmunity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merri-Grace Allred
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael S. Chimenti
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Ashley E. Ciecko
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (A.E.C.); (Y.-G.C.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Yi-Guang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (A.E.C.); (Y.-G.C.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Scott M. Lieberman
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-319-467-5111
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20
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Panetti C, Kao KC, Joller N. Dampening antiviral immunity can protect the host. FEBS J 2021; 289:634-646. [PMID: 33570771 PMCID: PMC9292735 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections are very common, and in most cases, the virus is well controlled and eliminated by the immune system. Nevertheless, in some cases, damage of the host tissue inflicted by the virus itself or by the elicited immune response may result in severe disease courses. Thus, regulatory mechanisms are necessary to control virus‐induced and immune pathology. This ensures immune responses are elicited in a potent but controlled manner. In this review, we will outline how immune regulation may contribute to this process. We focus on regulatory T cells and co‐inhibitory receptors and outline how these two regulatory immune components allow for and may even promote potent but not pathologic immune responses. By enabling a balanced immune response, regulatory mechanisms can thus contribute to pathogen control as well as tissue and host protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Panetti
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kung-Chi Kao
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Joller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Dadey RE, Workman CJ, Vignali DAA. Regulatory T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1273:105-134. [PMID: 33119878 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49270-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an immunosuppressive subpopulation of CD4+ T cells that are endowed with potent suppressive activity and function to limit immune activation and maintain homeostasis. These cells are identified by the hallmark transcription factor FOXP3 and the high-affinity interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor chain CD25. Tregs can be recruited to and persist within the tumor microenvironment (TME), acting as a potent barrier to effective antitumor immunity. This chapter will discuss [i] the history and hallmarks of Tregs; [ii] the recruitment, development, and persistence of Tregs within the TME; [iii] Treg function within TME; asnd [iv] the therapeutic targeting of Tregs in the clinic. This chapter will conclude with a discussion of likely trends and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah E Dadey
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Graduate Program of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Creg J Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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22
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Estrada Brull A, Rost F, Oderbolz J, Kirchner FR, Leibundgut-Landmann S, Oxenius A, Joller N. CD85k Contributes to Regulatory T Cell Function in Chronic Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010031. [PMID: 33375121 PMCID: PMC7792974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) prevent excessive immune responses and limit immune pathology upon infections. To fulfill this role in different immune environments elicited by different types of pathogens, Tregs undergo functional specialization into distinct subsets. During acute type 1 immune responses, type 1 Tregs are induced and recruited to the site of ongoing Th1 responses to efficiently control Th1 responses. However, whether a similar specialization process also takes place following chronic infections is still unknown. In this study, we investigated Treg specialization in persistent viral infections using lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection as models for chronic and latent infections, respectively. We identify CD85k as a Th1-specific co-inhibitory receptor with sustained expression in persistent viral infections and show that recombinant CD85k inhibits LCMV-specific effector T cells. Furthermore, expression of the CD85k ligand ALCAM is induced on LCMV-specific and exhausted T cells during chronic LCMV infection. Finally, we demonstrate that type 1 Tregs arising during chronic LCMV infection suppress Th1 effector cells in an ALCAM-dependent manner. These results extend the current knowledge of Treg specialization from acute to persistent viral infections and reveal an important functional role of CD85k in Treg-mediated suppression of type 1 immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/immunology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Herpesviridae Infections/immunology
- Herpesviridae Infections/metabolism
- Herpesviridae Infections/virology
- Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis/immunology
- Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis/metabolism
- Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis/virology
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/immunology
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/physiology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muromegalovirus/immunology
- Muromegalovirus/physiology
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/virology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Estrada Brull
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.E.B.); (F.R.); (F.R.K.); (S.L.-L.)
| | - Felix Rost
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.E.B.); (F.R.); (F.R.K.); (S.L.-L.)
| | - Josua Oderbolz
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Microbiology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; (J.O.); (A.O.)
| | - Florian R. Kirchner
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.E.B.); (F.R.); (F.R.K.); (S.L.-L.)
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Salomé Leibundgut-Landmann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.E.B.); (F.R.); (F.R.K.); (S.L.-L.)
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Oxenius
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Microbiology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; (J.O.); (A.O.)
| | - Nicole Joller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.E.B.); (F.R.); (F.R.K.); (S.L.-L.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Regulatory T cell heterogeneity and therapy in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 20:102715. [PMID: 33197573 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a group of CD4+ T cell with high expression of CD25 and cell linage specific transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) and play a vital role in maintaining immune homeostasis. In the last two decades, researchers have shown that Treg cells involved in the occurrence, development and prognosis of many diseases, especially in autoimmune diseases. Treg targeted therapies, such as low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) treatment and Treg infusion therapy, which are aimed at restoring the number or function of Treg cells, have become a hot topic in clinical trials of these diseases. It is believed that Treg cells are heterogeneous. Different subsets of Treg cells have various functions and play different parts in immunomodulatory. Gaining insights into Treg heterogeneity will help us further understand the function of Treg cells and provide news ideas for the selective therapeutic manipulation of Treg cells. In this review, we mainly summarize the heterogeneity of Treg cells and their potential therapeutic value in autoimmune diseases.
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24
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Wienke J, Brouwers L, van der Burg LM, Mokry M, Scholman RC, Nikkels PG, van Rijn BB, van Wijk F. Human Tregs at the materno-fetal interface show site-specific adaptation reminiscent of tumor Tregs. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137926. [PMID: 32809975 PMCID: PMC7526557 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tregs are crucial for maintaining maternal immunotolerance against the semiallogeneic fetus. We investigated the elusive transcriptional profile and functional adaptation of human uterine Tregs (uTregs) during pregnancy. Uterine biopsies, from placental bed (materno-fetal interface) and incision site (control) and blood were obtained from women with uncomplicated pregnancies undergoing cesarean section. Tregs and CD4+ non-Tregs were isolated for transcriptomic profiling by Cel-Seq2. Results were validated on protein and single cell levels by flow cytometry. Placental bed uTregs showed elevated expression of Treg signature markers, including FOXP3, CTLA-4, and TIGIT. Their transcriptional profile was indicative of late-stage effector Treg differentiation and chronic activation, with increased expression of immune checkpoints GITR, TNFR2, OX-40, and 4-1BB; genes associated with suppressive capacity (HAVCR2, IL10, LAYN, and PDCD1); and transcription factors MAF, PRDM1, BATF, and VDR. uTregs mirrored non-Treg Th1 polarization and tissue residency. The particular transcriptional signature of placental bed uTregs overlapped strongly with that of tumor-infiltrating Tregs and was remarkably pronounced at the placental bed compared with uterine control site. In conclusion, human uTregs acquire a differentiated effector Treg profile similar to tumor-infiltrating Tregs, specifically at the materno-fetal interface. This introduces the concept of site-specific transcriptional adaptation of Tregs within 1 organ. Human regulatory T cells at the maternal-fetal interface show uterine site-specific functional adaptation with late-stage effector differentiation, chronic activation, Th1 polarization, and tumor-infiltrating, Treg-like features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michal Mokry
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht.,Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, and
| | | | - Peter Gj Nikkels
- Department of Pathology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Netherlands
| | - Bas B van Rijn
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Center.,Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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25
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Godoy GJ, Paira DA, Olivera C, Breser ML, Sanchez LR, Motrich RD, Rivero VE. Differences in T regulatory cells between mouse strains frequently used in immunological research. Immunol Lett 2020; 223:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Rost F, Lambert K, Rakebrandt N, Joller N. Preceding Viral Infections Do Not Imprint Long-Term Changes in Regulatory T Cell Function. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8350. [PMID: 32433493 PMCID: PMC7239864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain peripheral self-tolerance and limit immune mediated pathology. Like effector T cells, Tregs can specialize in TH1-dominated immune responses and co-express T-bet together with Foxp3. This allows for expression of CXCR3 and efficient homing to sites of TH1 responses. However, whether such functional specialization is paralleled by memory generation among Tregs is unknown. In this study, we investigated the ability of polyclonal Tregs to form functional memory in response to viral infection. Using adoptive transfer models to compare infection-experienced Tregs generated upon acute Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) WE and Vaccinia Virus (VV) infections with naive Tregs, we observed no differences in their phenotype or their in vivo maintenance. When comparing functional properties of infection-experienced and naive Tregs, we found no differences in in vitro suppressive capacity nor in their ability to limit the effector response upon homologous, systemic or local re-challenge in vivo. Our results suggest that no functional Treg memory is generated in the context of systemic LCMV or VV infection, but we cannot rule out the possibility that the generation of Treg memory may be possible in other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Rost
- University of Zurich, Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Lambert
- University of Zurich, Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.,Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Nikolas Rakebrandt
- University of Zurich, Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.,F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, 4070, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Joller
- University of Zurich, Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
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27
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Lv Z, Zhang P, Li D, Qin M, Nie L, Wang X, Ai L, Feng Z, Odhiambo WO, Ma Y, Ji Y. CD19-targeting fusion protein combined with PD1 antibody enhances anti-tumor immunity in mouse models. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1747688. [PMID: 32363119 PMCID: PMC7185221 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1747688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous studies, using a B cell vaccine (scFv-Her2), the targeting of tumor-associated antigen Her2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor-2) to B cells via the anti-CD19 single chain variable fragment (scFv) was shown to augment tumor-specific immunity, which enhanced tumor control in the prophylactic and therapeutic setting. However, the fusion protein displayed limited activity against established tumors, and local relapses often occurred following scFv-Her2 treatment, indicating that scFv-Her2-induced responses are inadequate to maintain anti-tumor immunity. In this study, targeting the IV region (D4) of the extracellular region of Her2 to B cells via CD19 molecules (scFv-Her2D4) was found to enhance IFN-γ-producing-CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumor tissues and reduced the number of tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). However, negative co-stimulatory molecules such as programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), CD160, and LAG-3 on T cells and programmed death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells were upregulated in the tumor microenvironment after scFv-Her2D4 treatment. Further, anti-PD1 administration enhanced the efficacy of scFv-Her2D4 and anti-tumor immunity, as evidenced by the reversal of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cell exhaustion and the reduction of MDSCs and Treg cells, which suppress T cells and alter the tumor immune microenvironment. Moreover, combining this with anti-PD1 antibodies promoted complete tumor rejection. Our data provide evidence of a close interaction among tumor vaccines, T cells, and the PD-L1/PD-1 axis and establish a basis for the rational design of combination therapy with immune modulators and tumor vaccine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangwei Lv
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Xi'an Jiaotong University Translational Medicine Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Xi'an Jiaotong University Translational Medicine Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Xi'an Jiaotong University Translational Medicine Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengting Qin
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Xi'an Jiaotong University Translational Medicine Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Longzhu Nie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- The Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Ai
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaozu Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Woodvine Otieno Odhiambo
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunfeng Ma
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Xi'an Jiaotong University Translational Medicine Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Xi'an Jiaotong University Translational Medicine Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
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28
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Schorer M, Lambert K, Rakebrandt N, Rost F, Kao KC, Yermanos A, Spörri R, Oderbolz J, Raeber ME, Keller CW, Lünemann JD, Rogler G, Boyman O, Oxenius A, Joller N. Rapid expansion of Treg cells protects from collateral colitis following a viral trigger. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1522. [PMID: 32251280 PMCID: PMC7090079 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for maintaining peripheral tolerance and preventing autoimmunity. While genetic factors may predispose for autoimmunity, additional environmental triggers, such as viral infections, are usually required to initiate the onset of disease. Here, we show that viral infection with LCMV results in type I IFN-dependent Treg cell loss that is rapidly compensated by the conversion and expansion of Vβ5+ conventional T cells into iTreg cells. Using Vβ5-deficient mice, we show that these Vβ5+ iTreg cells are dispensable for limiting anti-viral immunity. Rather, the delayed replenishment of Treg cells in Vβ5-deficient mice compromises suppression of microbiota-dependent activation of CD8+ T cells, resulting in colitis. Importantly, recovery from clinical symptoms in IBD patients is marked by expansion of the corresponding Vβ2+ Treg population in humans. Collectively, we provide a link between a viral trigger and an impaired Treg cell compartment resulting in the initiation of immune pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Schorer
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Lambert
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Nikolas Rakebrandt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Rost
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kung-Chi Kao
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Yermanos
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Systems and Synthetic Immunology, D-BSSE, ETH Zurich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roman Spörri
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Josua Oderbolz
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miro E Raeber
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Häldeliweg 4, 8044, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian W Keller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Munster, 48149, Munster, Germany
| | - Jan D Lünemann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Munster, 48149, Munster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Häldeliweg 4, 8044, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Pestalozzistrasse 3/5, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Joller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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29
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Rakebrandt N, Joller N. Infection History Determines Susceptibility to Unrelated Diseases. Bioessays 2020; 41:e1800191. [PMID: 31132173 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest that previous infections can alter an individual's susceptibility to unrelated diseases. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Substantial research efforts have expanded the classical concept of immune memory to also include long-lasting changes in innate immunity and antigen-independent reactivation of adaptive immunity. Collectively, these processes provide possible explanations on how acute infections might induce long-term changes that also affect immunity to unrelated diseases. Here, we review lasting changes the immune compartment undergoes upon infection and how infection experience alters the responsiveness of immune cells towards universal signals. This heightened state of alert enhances the ability of the immune system to combat even unrelated infections but may also increase susceptibility to autoimmunity. At the same time, infection-induced changes in the regulatory compartment may dampen subsequent immune responses and promote pathogen persistence. The concepts presented here outline how infection-induced changes in the immune system may affect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Rakebrandt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Joller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Abnormal Dendritic Cell-poiesis in Patients With Lower-risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Hemasphere 2020; 4:e335. [PMID: 32072149 PMCID: PMC7000478 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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31
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BATF3-dependent dendritic cells drive both effector and regulatory T-cell responses in bacterially infected tissues. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007866. [PMID: 31188899 PMCID: PMC6590837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastric lamina propria of mice that have been experimentally infected with the pathobiont Helicobacter pylori hosts a dense network of myeloid cells that includes BATF3-dependent CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs). We show here that CD103+ DCs are strictly required for gastric Th1 responses to H. pylori and for H. pylori infection control. A similar dependence of type 1 immunity on CD103+ DCs is observed in a Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection model, and in a syngeneic colon cancer model. Strikingly, we find that not only the expansion and/or recruitment of Th1 cells, but also of peripherally induced, neuropilin-negative regulatory T-cells to sites of infection requires BATF3-dependent DCs. A shared feature of the examined models is the strongly reduced production of the chemokines and CXCR3 ligands CXCL9, 10 and 11 in BATF3-deficient mice. The results implicate BATF3-dependent DCs in the recruitment of CXCR3+ effector and regulatory T-cells to target tissues and in their local expansion. In this work, Arnold & Zhang et al report that CD103+ DCs are required for protective Th1 responses, infection control of mucosal and systemic bacterial pathogens, and anti-tumor immunity driven by CD4+ Th1 cells and CD8+ T cells. CD103+ DCs further specifically promote the recruitment of Tbet+ peripherally induced Tregs to sites of infection. The results implicate CD103+ DCs in the trafficking of CXCR3+ Tbet+ T-cells to sites of infection and tumorigenesis.
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32
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A wave of Foxp3 + regulatory T cell accumulation in the neonatal liver plays unique roles in maintaining self-tolerance. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:507-518. [PMID: 31171863 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn animals require tightly regulated local and systemic immune environments to govern the development and maturation of multiple organs/tissues even though the immune system itself is far from mature during the neonatal period. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining immune tolerance/homeostasis and modulating inflammatory responses. The features of Tregs in the neonatal liver under steady-state conditions are not well understood. The present study aimed to investigate the phenotype, functions, and significance of neonatal Tregs in the liver. We found a wave of thymus-derived Treg influx into the liver during 1-2 weeks of age. Depletion of these Tregs between days 7 and 11 after birth rapidly resulted in Th1-type liver inflammation and metabolic disorder. More Tregs in the neonatal liver than in the spleen underwent MHC II-dependent activation and proliferation, and the liver Tregs acquired stronger suppressive functions. The transcriptomic profile of these neonatal liver Tregs showed elevated expression of PPARγ and T-bet and features of Tregs that utilize lipid metabolic machinery and are capable of regulating Th1 responses. The accumulation of Tregs with unique features in the neonatal liver is critical to ensure self-tolerance and liver maturation.
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33
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Kirchner FR, Littringer K, Altmeier S, Tran VDT, Schönherr F, Lemberg C, Pagni M, Sanglard D, Joller N, LeibundGut-Landmann S. Persistence of Candida albicans in the Oral Mucosa Induces a Curbed Inflammatory Host Response That Is Independent of Immunosuppression. Front Immunol 2019; 10:330. [PMID: 30873177 PMCID: PMC6400982 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled immune activation in response to commensal microbes is critical for the maintenance of stable colonization and prevention of microbial overgrowth on epithelial surfaces. Our understanding of the host mechanisms that regulate bacterial commensalism has increased substantially, however, much less data exist regarding host responses to members of the fungal microbiota on colonized surfaces. Using a murine model of oropharyngeal candidiasis, we have recently shown that differences in immune activation in response to diverse natural isolates of Candida albicans are associated with different outcomes of the host-fungal interaction. Here we applied a genome-wide transcriptomic approach to show that rapid induction of a strong inflammatory response characterized by neutrophil-associated genes upon C. albicans colonization inversely correlated with the ability of the fungus to persist in the oral mucosa. Surprisingly, persistent fungal isolates showed no signs of a compensatory regulatory immune response. By combining RNA-seq data, genetic mouse models, and co-infection experiments, we show that attenuation of the inflammatory response at the onset of infection with a persistent isolate is not a consequence of enhanced immunosuppression. Importantly, depletion of regulatory T cells or deletion of the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10 did not alter host-protective type 17 immunity nor did it impair fungal survival in the oral mucosa, indicating that persistence of C. albicans in the oral mucosa is not a consequence of suppressed antifungal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian R Kirchner
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Simon Altmeier
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Van Du T Tran
- Vital-IT Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Schönherr
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Lemberg
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Pagni
- Vital-IT Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Sanglard
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Joller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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34
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Kuo PT, Zeng Z, Salim N, Mattarollo S, Wells JW, Leggatt GR. The Role of CXCR3 and Its Chemokine Ligands in Skin Disease and Cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:271. [PMID: 30320116 PMCID: PMC6167486 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors play an important role in the recruitment, activation and differentiation of immune cells. The chemokine receptor, CXCR3, and its ligands, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 are key immune chemoattractants during interferon-induced inflammatory responses. Inflammation of the skin resulting from infections or autoimmune disease drives expression of CXCL9/10/11 and the subsequent recruitment of effector, CXCR3+ T cells from the circulation. The relative contributions of the different CXCR3 chemokines and the three variant isoforms of CXCR3 (CXCR3A, CXCR3B, CXCR3alt) to the inflammatory process in human skin requires further investigation. In skin cancers, the CXCR3 receptor can play a dual role whereby expression on tumor cells can lead to cancer metastasis to systemic sites while receptor expression on immune cells can frequently promote anti-tumor immune responses. This review will discuss the biology of CXCR3 and its associated ligands with particular emphasis on the skin during inflammation and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula T Kuo
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nazhifah Salim
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen Mattarollo
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James W Wells
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Graham R Leggatt
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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