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Yao M, Xiao Y, Sun Y, Zhang B, Ding Y, Ma Q, Liang F, Yang Z, Ge W, Liu S, Xin L, Yin J, Zhu X. Association of maternal gut microbial metabolites with gestational diabetes mellitus: evidence from an original case-control study, meta-analysis, and Mendelian randomization. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024:10.1038/s41430-024-01502-z. [PMID: 39223299 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations of gut microbial metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), its precursors, and phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln), with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remain unclear. METHODS Serum samples of 201 women with GDM and 201 matched controls were collected and then targeted metabolomics was performed to examine the metabolites of interest. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was applied to investigate the relationship between metabolites and GDM. Meta-analysis was performed to combine our results and four similar articles searched from online databases, and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was eventually conducted to explore the causalities. RESULTS In the case-control study, after dichotomization and comparing the higher versus the lower group, the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of choline and L-carnitine with GDM were 2.124 (1.186-3.803) and 0.293 (0.134-0.638), respectively; but neutral relationships between TMAO, betaine, and PAGln with GDM were observed. The following meta-analysis consistently revealed that L-carnitine was negatively associated with GDM. However, MR analyses showed no evidence of causalities. CONCLUSIONS Maternal levels of L-carnitine were related to the risk of GDM in both the original case-control study and meta-analysis. However, we did not observe any genetic evidence to establish a causal relationship between this metabolite and GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Yao
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanqun Sun
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaling Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiuping Ma
- Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, 58 Changsheng Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhuoqiao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Songliang Liu
- Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, 58 Changsheng Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Lili Xin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, China.
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Pulvirenti F, Giufrè M, Pentimalli TM, Camilli R, Milito C, Villa A, Sculco E, Cerquetti M, Pantosti A, Quinti I. Oropharyngeal microbial ecosystem perturbations influence the risk for acute respiratory infections in common variable immunodeficiency. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1371118. [PMID: 38873612 PMCID: PMC11169596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The respiratory tract microbiome is essential for human health and well-being and is determined by genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) suffer from respiratory and intestinal tract infections, leading to chronic diseases and increased mortality rates. While CVID patients' gut microbiota have been analyzed, data on the respiratory microbiome ecosystem are limited. Objective This study aims to analyze the bacterial composition of the oropharynx of adults with CVID and its link with clinical and immunological features and risk for respiratory acute infections. Methods Oropharyngeal samples from 72 CVID adults and 26 controls were collected in a 12-month prospective study. The samples were analyzed by metagenomic bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and processed using the Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIME) pipeline. Differentially abundant species were identified and used to build a dysbiosis index. A machine learning model trained on microbial abundance data was used to test the power of microbiome alterations to distinguish between healthy individuals and CVID patients. Results Compared to controls, the oropharyngeal microbiome of CVID patients showed lower alpha- and beta-diversity, with a relatively increased abundance of the order Lactobacillales, including the family Streptococcaceae. Intra-CVID analysis identified age >45 years, COPD, lack of IgA, and low residual IgM as associated with a reduced alpha diversity. Expansion of Haemophilus and Streptococcus genera was observed in patients with undetectable IgA and COPD, independent from recent antibiotic use. Patients receiving azithromycin as antibiotic prophylaxis had a higher dysbiosis score. Expansion of Haemophilus and Anoxybacillus was associated with acute respiratory infections within six months. Conclusions CVID patients showed a perturbed oropharynx microbiota enriched with potentially pathogenic bacteria and decreased protective species. Low residual levels of IgA/IgM, chronic lung damage, anti antibiotic prophylaxis contributed to respiratory dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pulvirenti
- Reference Center for Primary Immune Deficiencies, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giufrè
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Tancredi M. Pentimalli
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin School of Integrative Oncology (BSIO), Berlin, Germany
| | - Romina Camilli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Milito
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Villa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Sculco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Cerquetti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pantosti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Quinti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Jiang JY, Liu WM, Zhang QP, Ren H, Yao QY, Liu GQ, Lu PR. Trimethylamine N-oxide aggravates vascular permeability and endothelial cell dysfunction under diabetic condition: in vitro and in vivo study. Int J Ophthalmol 2024; 17:25-33. [PMID: 38239938 PMCID: PMC10754663 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To provide the direct evidence for the crucial role of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in vascular permeability and endothelial cell dysfunction under diabetic condition. METHODS The role of TMAO on the in vitro biological effect of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMEC) under high glucose conditions was tested by a cell counting kit, wound healing, a transwell and a tube formation assay. The inflammation-related gene expression affected by TMAO was tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of the cell junction was measured by Western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence staining. In addition, two groups of rat models, diabetic and non-diabetic, were fed with normal or 0.1% TMAO for 16wk, and their plasma levels of TMAO, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were tested. The vascular permeability of rat retinas was measured using FITC-Dextran, and the expression of zonula occludens (ZO)-1 and claudin-5 in rat retinas was detected by WB or immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS TMAO administration significantly increased the cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation of primary HRMEC either in normal or high-glucose conditions. RT-PCR showed elevated inflammation-related gene expression of HRMEC under TMAO stimulation, while WB or immunofluorescence staining indicated decreased cell junction ZO-1 and occludin expression after high-glucose and TMAO treatment. Diabetic rats showed higher plasma levels of TMAO as well as retinal vascular leakage, which were even higher in TMAO-feeding diabetic rats. Furthermore, TMAO administration increased the rat plasma levels of VEGF, IL-6 and TNF-α while decreasing the retinal expression levels of ZO-1 and claudin-5. CONCLUSION TMAO enhances the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HRMEC, as well as destroys their vascular integrity and tight connection. It also regulates the expression of VEGF, IL-6, and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Ming Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Zhang
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing-Ying Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gao-Qin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pei-Rong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
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Joyce SA, Clarke DJ. Microbial metabolites as modulators of host physiology. Adv Microb Physiol 2024; 84:83-133. [PMID: 38821635 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is increasingly recognised as a key player in influencing human health and changes in the gut microbiota have been strongly linked with many non-communicable conditions in humans such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. However, characterising the molecular mechanisms that underpin these associations remains an important challenge for researchers. The gut microbiota is a complex microbial community that acts as a metabolic interface to transform ingested food (and other xenobiotics) into metabolites that are detected in the host faeces, urine and blood. Many of these metabolites are only produced by microbes and there is accumulating evidence to suggest that these microbe-specific metabolites do act as effectors to influence human physiology. For example, the gut microbiota can digest dietary complex polysaccharides (such as fibre) into short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) such as acetate, propionate and butyrate that have a pervasive role in host physiology from nutrition to immune function. In this review we will outline our current understanding of the role of some key microbial metabolites, such as SCFA, indole and bile acids, in human health. Whilst many studies linking microbial metabolites with human health are correlative we will try to highlight examples where genetic evidence is available to support a specific role for a microbial metabolite in host health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Joyce
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David J Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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de Melo DB, Pereira RMR, Sini B, Levy D, Takayama L, Kokron CM, Berselli Marinho AK, Grecco O, Filho JEK, Barros MT. Bone Mineral Density is Related to CD4 + T Cell Counts and Muscle Mass is Associated with B Cells in Common Variable Immunodeficiency Patients. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:242-254. [PMID: 37608677 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230822100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by chronic/recurrent respiratory infections, bronchiectasis, autoimmunity, inflammatory, gastrointestinal diseases and malignancies associated with a chronic inflammatory state and increased risk of osteoporosis and muscle loss. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD), body composition and their relationship with lymphocyte subpopulations in CVID patients. METHODS Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed to assess BMD, lean mass, and fat mass in CVID patients. Peripheral blood CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ cells were measured using flow cytometry. RESULTS Thirty-three patients (37.3 ± 10.8 years old) were examined. Although only 11.8% of the individuals were malnourished (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), 27.7% of them had low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and 57.6% of them had low BMD. Patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis presented lower weight (p = 0.007), lean mass (p = 0.011), appendicular lean mass (p = 0.011), SMI (p = 0.017), and CD4+ count (p = 0.030). Regression models showed a positive association between CD4+ count and bone/muscle parameters, whereas CD19+ B cell count was only associated with muscle variables. Analysis of ROC curves indicated a cutoff value of CD4+ count (657 cells/mm3; AUC: 0.71, 95% CI 0.52-0.90) which was related to low BMD. Weight (p = 0.004), lean mass (p = 0.027), appendicular lean mass (p = 0.022), SMI (p = 0.029), total bone mineral content (p = 0.005), lumbar (p = 0.005), femoral neck (p = 0.035), and total hip BMD (p<0.001) were found to be lower in patients with CD4+ count below the cutoff. CONCLUSION CVID patients presented with low BMD, which was associated with CD4+ count. Moreover, low muscle parameters were correlated with B cell count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Barreto de Melo
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Sini
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Levy
- Laboratory of Histo-compatibility and Cellular Immunity - LIM19, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Takayama
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Maria Kokron
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Octavio Grecco
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Elias Kalil Filho
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Myrthes Toledo Barros
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Maes M, Vasupanrajit A, Jirakran K, Klomkliew P, Chanchaem P, Tunvirachaisakul C, Plaimas K, Suratanee A, Payungporn S. Adverse childhood experiences and reoccurrence of illness impact the gut microbiome, which affects suicidal behaviours and the phenome of major depression: towards enterotypic phenotypes. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2023; 35:328-345. [PMID: 37052305 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The first publication demonstrating that major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with alterations in the gut microbiota appeared in 2008 (Maes et al., 2008). The purpose of the present study is to delineate a) the microbiome signature of the phenome of depression, including suicidal behaviours (SB) and cognitive deficits; the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and recurrence of illness index (ROI) on the microbiome; and the microbiome signature of lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc). We determined isometric log-ratio abundances or prevalences of gut microbiome phyla, genera, and species by analysing stool samples from 37 healthy Thai controls and 32 MDD patients using 16S rDNA sequencing. Six microbiome taxa accounted for 36% of the variance in the depression phenome, namely Hungatella and Fusicatenibacter (positive associations) and Butyricicoccus, Clostridium, Parabacteroides merdae, and Desulfovibrio piger (inverse association). This profile (labelled enterotype 1) indicates compositional dysbiosis, is strongly predicted by ACE and ROI, and is linked to SB. A second enterotype was developed that predicted a decrease in HDLc and an increase in the atherogenic index of plasma (Bifidobacterium, P. merdae, and Romboutsia were positively associated, while Proteobacteria and Clostridium sensu stricto were negatively associated). Together, enterotypes 1 and 2 explained 40.4% of the variance in the depression phenome, and enterotype 1 in conjunction with HDLc explained 39.9% of the variance in current SB. In conclusion, the microimmuneoxysome is a potential new drug target for the treatment of severe depression and SB and possibly for the prevention of future episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul02447, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Asara Vasupanrajit
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ketsupar Jirakran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Maximizing Thai Children's Developmental Potential Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pavit Klomkliew
- Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prangwalai Chanchaem
- Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chavit Tunvirachaisakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kitiporn Plaimas
- Advanced Virtual and Intelligent Computing (AVIC) Center, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok10330, Thailand
| | - Apichat Suratanee
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok10800, Thailand
| | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Cabanero-Navalon MD, Garcia-Bustos V, Mira A, Moral Moral P, Salavert-Lleti M, Forner Giner MJ, Núñez Beltrán M, Todolí Parra J, Bracke C, Carda-Diéguez M. Dysimmunity in common variable immunodeficiency is associated with alterations in oral, respiratory, and intestinal microbiota. Clin Immunol 2023; 256:109796. [PMID: 37774905 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency characterized by decreased immunoglobulins and recurrent infections. Its aetiology remains unknown, and some patients present with severe non-infectious autoimmune or inflammatory complications with elevated associated morbimortality. Recently, intestinal dysbiosis has been proposed as a driver of immune dysregulation. In this study, we assessed the oral, respiratory, and gastrointestinal microbiota of 41 CVID patients (24 with dysimmune and 17 with infection complications) and 15 healthy volunteers using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to explore associations between microbiome profiles and CVID phenotypes. Profound differences in the composition of the microbiota in saliva, sputum, and stool were detected between dysimmune CVID patients and healthy individuals. Globally, respiratory species diversity and faecal bacterial richness were lower in CVID individuals with immune complications. Although a single species could not be identified as a robust predictor of dysimmunity, a combination of around 5-7 bacterial species in each type of sample could predict this severe phenotype with an accuracy of around 90% in the study population. Our study provides new insights into these previously unexplored but highly interrelated ecological niches among themselves and with patient profiles. Our data suggest that this disease-related systemic dysbiosis could be implicated in the immune dysregulation associated with severe cases of CVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dafne Cabanero-Navalon
- Primary Immune Deficiencies Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Research Group of Chronic Diseases and HIV Infection, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor Garcia-Bustos
- Primary Immune Deficiencies Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Severe Infection Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Moral Moral
- Primary Immune Deficiencies Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Research Group of Chronic Diseases and HIV Infection, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Salavert-Lleti
- Severe Infection Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine of the University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Núñez Beltrán
- Primary Immune Deficiencies Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Todolí Parra
- Primary Immune Deficiencies Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Research Group of Chronic Diseases and HIV Infection, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carme Bracke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona, Spain
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Poto R, Laniro G, de Paulis A, Spadaro G, Marone G, Gasbarrini A, Varricchi G. Is there a role for microbiome-based approach in common variable immunodeficiency? Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1981-1998. [PMID: 36737487 PMCID: PMC9897624 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by low levels of serum immunoglobulins and increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmune disorders and cancer. CVID embraces a plethora of heterogeneous manifestations linked to complex immune dysregulation. While CVID is thought to be due to genetic defects, the exact cause of this immune disorder is unknown in the large majority of cases. Compelling evidences support a linkage between the gut microbiome and the CVID pathogenesis, therefore a potential for microbiome-based treatments to be a therapeutic pathway for this disorder. Here we discuss the potential of treating CVID patients by developing a gut microbiome-based personalized approach, including diet, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation. We also highlight the need for a better understanding of microbiota-host interactions in CVID patients to prime the development of improved preventive strategies and specific therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Laniro
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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9
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Kaya MK, Arslan S. Exploring the Potential Link between Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy and Trimethylamine N-Oxide, Phoenixin, Spexin, and Alarin Molecules. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1459. [PMID: 37892139 PMCID: PMC10604309 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute central serous chorioretinopathy (ACSCR) is a condition characterized by decreased visual acuity, macular thickening, and edema under the retinal layer. Although the underlying mechanisms of the disease are not fully understood, oxidative stress is considered to be a critical risk factor. The aim of this study was to shed light on the pathophysiology of ACSCR by investigating the levels of circulating trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), phoenixin (PNX), alarin (ALA), and spexin (SPX) molecules in ACSCR patients. METHODS The study included 30 ACSCR patients and 30 healthy individuals as controls. ACSCR was diagnosed using optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Five mL blood samples were collected from all participants following overnight fasting. The levels of TMAO, PNX, ALA, and SPX in the blood samples were measured using the ELISA method. RESULTS Visual acuity was found to be significantly reduced in ACSCR patients compared to the control group (<0.05), while macular thickness was increased (<0.05). Furthermore, TMAO, PNX, and ALA levels were significantly higher in ACSCR patients (<0.05), while SPX levels were significantly lower compared to the control group (<0.05). In ACSCR patients, there was a positive correlation between macular thickness and TMAO, PNX, and ALA; there was, however, a negative correlation with SPX. Additionally, visual acuity was negatively correlated with TMAO, PNX, and ALA, while SPX levels decreased as visual acuity decreased. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a correlation between the TMAO, PNX, ALA, and SPX levels of ACSCR patients and their visual acuity and macular thickness. Given the role of these molecules in ACSCR's pathophysiology, they hold promise as potential diagnostic, therapeutic, and follow-up markers in the future.
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Peng Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang W, Qiao S, Lan J, Wang M. Dysbiosis and primary B-cell immunodeficiencies: current knowledge and future perspective. Immunol Res 2023; 71:528-536. [PMID: 36933165 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
According to Elie Metchnikoff, an originator of modern immunology, several pivotal functions for disease and health are provided by indigenous microbiota. Nonetheless, important mechanistic insights have been elucidated more recently, owing to the growing availability of DNA sequencing technology. There are 10 to 100 trillion symbiotic microbes (such as viruses, bacteria, and yeast) in each human gut microbiota. Both locally and systemically, the gut microbiota has been demonstrated to impact immune homeostasis. Primary B-cell immunodeficiencies (PBIDs) are a group of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) referring to the dysregulated antibody production due to either intrinsic genetic defects or failures in functions of B cells. Recent studies have found that PBIDs cause disruptions in the gut's typical homeostatic systems, resulting in inadequate immune surveillance in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which is linked to increased dysbiosis, which is characterized by a disruption in the microbial homeostasis. This study aimed to review the published articles in this field to provide a comprehensive view of the existing knowledge about the crosstalk between the gut microbiome and PBID, the factors shaping the gut microbiota in PBID, as well as the potential clinical approaches for restoring a normal microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Peng
- Cancer Center, Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 58 Shangtang Road, Zhejiang, 310014, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yirui Chen
- Cancer Center, Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 58 Shangtang Road, Zhejiang, 310014, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanzhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wensong Wang
- Cancer Center, Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 58 Shangtang Road, Zhejiang, 310014, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sai Qiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Lan
- Cancer Center, Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 58 Shangtang Road, Zhejiang, 310014, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Manling Wang
- Cancer Center, Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 58 Shangtang Road, Zhejiang, 310014, Hangzhou, China.
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11
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Jorgensen SF, Macpherson ME, Skarpengland T, Berge RK, Fevang B, Halvorsen B, Aukrust P. Disturbed lipid profile in common variable immunodeficiency - a pathogenic loop of inflammation and metabolic disturbances. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199727. [PMID: 37545531 PMCID: PMC10398391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between metabolic and inflammatory pathways play a pathogenic role in various cardiometabolic disorders and is potentially also involved in the pathogenesis of other disorders such as cancer, autoimmunity and infectious diseases. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common primary immunodeficiency in adults, characterized by increased frequency of airway infections with capsulated bacteria. In addition, a large proportion of CVID patients have autoimmune and inflammatory complications associated with systemic inflammation. We summarize the evidence that support a role of a bidirectional pathogenic interaction between inflammation and metabolic disturbances in CVID. This include low levels and function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), high levels of triglycerides (TG) and its major lipoprotein very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and an unfavorable fatty acid (FA) profile. The dysregulation of TG, VLDL and FA were linked to disturbed gut microbiota profile, and TG and VLDL levels were strongly associated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a marker of gut leakage in blood. Of note, the disturbed lipid profile in CVID did not include total cholesterol levels or high low-density lipoprotein levels. Furthermore, increased VLDL and TG levels in blood were not associated with diet, high body mass index and liver steatosis, suggesting a different phenotype than in patients with traditional cardiovascular risk such as metabolic syndrome. We hypothesize that these metabolic disturbances are linked to inflammation in a bidirectional manner with disturbed gut microbiota as a potential contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje F. Jorgensen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnhild E. Macpherson
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tonje Skarpengland
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf K. Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børre Fevang
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Macpherson ME, Skarpengland T, Hov JR, Ranheim T, Vestad B, Dahl TB, Fraz MSA, Michelsen AE, Holven KB, Fevang B, Berge RK, Aukrust P, Halvorsen B, Jørgensen SF. Increased Plasma Levels of Triglyceride-Enriched Lipoproteins Associate with Systemic Inflammation, Lipopolysaccharides, and Gut Dysbiosis in Common Variable Immunodeficiency. J Clin Immunol 2023:10.1007/s10875-023-01475-x. [PMID: 36995502 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triglycerides (TG) and their major transport lipoprotein in the circulation (VLDL) appear to be related to inflammation. Patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) have inflammatory complications associated with gut microbial dysbiosis. We hypothesized that CVID patients have disturbed TG/VLDL profiles associated with these clinical characteristics. METHODS We measured plasma concentrations of TGs, inflammatory markers, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 95 CVID patients and 28 healthy controls. Additionally, in 40 CVID patients, we explored plasma lipoprotein profiling, fatty acid, gut microbial dysbiosis, and diet. RESULTS TG levels were increased in CVID patients as compared to healthy controls (1.36 ± 0.53 mmol/l versus 1.08 ± 0.56 [mean, SD], respectively, P = 0.008), particularly in the clinical subgroup "Complications," characterized by autoimmunity and organ-specific inflammation, compared to "Infection only" (1.41 mmol/l, 0.71[median, IQR] versus [1.02 mmol/l, 0.50], P = 0.021). Lipoprotein profile analyses showed increased levels of all sizes of VLDL particles in CVID patients compared to controls. TG levels correlated positively with CRP (rho = 0.256, P = 0.015), IL-6 (rho = 0.237, P = 0.021), IL-12 (rho = 0.265, P = 0.009), LPS (r = 0.654, P = 6.59 × 10-13), CVID-specific gut dysbiosis index (r = 0.315, P = 0.048), and inversely with a favorable fatty acid profile (docosahexaenoic acid [rho = - 0.369, P = 0.021] and linoleic acid [rho = - 0.375, P = 0.019]). TGs and VLDL lipids did not appear to be associated with diet and there were no differences in body mass index (BMI) between CVID patients and controls. CONCLUSION We found increased plasma levels of TGs and all sizes of VLDL particles, which were associated with systemic inflammation, LPS, and gut dysbiosis in CVID, but not diet or BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnhild E Macpherson
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tonje Skarpengland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johannes R Hov
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Ranheim
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beate Vestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuva B Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mai S A Fraz
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika E Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit On Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Børre Fevang
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Rare Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf K Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje F Jørgensen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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Sharma M, Dhaliwal M, Tyagi R, Goyal T, Sharma S, Rawat A. Microbiome and Its Dysbiosis in Inborn Errors of Immunity. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040518. [PMID: 37111404 PMCID: PMC10145396 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) can present with infections, autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, granulomas, and malignancy. IEIs are due to genetic abnormalities that disrupt normal host-immune response or immune regulation. The microbiome appears essential for maintaining host immunity, especially in patients with a defective immune system. Altered gut microbiota in patients with IEI can lead to clinical symptoms. Microbial dysbiosis is the consequence of an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria or a reduction in anti-inflammatory bacteria. However, functional and compositional differences in microbiota are also involved. Dysbiosis and a reduced alpha-diversity are well documented, particularly in conditions like common variable immunodeficiency. Deranged microbiota is also seen in Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, severe combined immunodeficiency, chronic granulomatous disease, selective immunoglobulin-A deficiency, Hyper IgE syndrome (HIGES), X-linked lymphoproliferative disease-2, immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, x-linked syndrome, and defects of IL10 signalling. Distinct gastrointestinal, respiratory, and cutaneous symptoms linked to dysbiosis are seen in several IEIs, emphasizing the importance of microbiome identification. In this study, we discuss the processes that maintain immunological homeostasis between commensals and the host and the disruptions thereof in patients with IEIs. As the connection between microbiota, host immunity, and infectious illnesses is better understood, microbiota manipulation as a treatment strategy or infection prevention method would be more readily employed. Therefore, optimal prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbial transplantation can be promising strategies to restore the microbiota and decrease disease pathology in patients with IEIs.
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14
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Modulation of Endothelial Function by TMAO, a Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065806. [PMID: 36982880 PMCID: PMC10054148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial function is essential in the maintenance of systemic homeostasis, whose modulation strictly depends on the proper activity of tissue-specific angiocrine factors on the physiopathological mechanisms acting at both single and multi-organ levels. Several angiocrine factors take part in the vascular function itself by modulating vascular tone, inflammatory response, and thrombotic state. Recent evidence has outlined a strong relationship between endothelial factors and gut microbiota-derived molecules. In particular, the direct involvement of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the development of endothelial dysfunction and its derived pathological outcomes, such as atherosclerosis, has come to light. Indeed, the role of TMAO in the modulation of factors strictly related to the development of endothelial dysfunction, such as nitric oxide, adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and selectins), and IL-6, has been widely accepted. The aim of this review is to present the latest studies that describe a direct role of TMAO in the modulation of angiocrine factors primarily involved in the development of vascular pathologies.
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Díez-Ricote L, Ruiz-Valderrey P, Micó V, Blanco R, Tomé-Carneiro J, Dávalos A, Ordovás JM, Daimiel L. TMAO Upregulates Members of the miR-17/92 Cluster and Impacts Targets Associated with Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012107. [PMID: 36292963 PMCID: PMC9603323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a hallmark of cardiovascular disease, and lifestyle strongly impacts its onset and progression. Nutrients have been shown to regulate the miR-17/92 cluster, with a role in endothelial function and atherosclerosis. Choline, betaine, and L-carnitine, found in animal foods, are metabolized into trimethylamine (TMA) by the gut microbiota. TMA is then oxidized to TMAO, which has been associated with atherosclerosis. Our aim was to investigate whether TMAO modulates the expression of the miR-17/92 cluster, along with the impact of this modulation on the expression of target genes related to atherosclerosis and inflammation. We treated HepG-2 cells, THP-1 cells, murine liver organoids, and human peripheral mononuclear cells with 6 µM of TMAO at different timepoints. TMAO increased the expression of all analyzed members of the cluster, except for miR-20a-5p in murine liver organoids and primary human macrophages. Genes and protein levels of SERPINE1 and IL-12A increased. Both have been associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CDVD) and are indirectly modulated by the miR-17-92 cluster. We concluded that TMAO modulates the expression of the miR-17/92 cluster and that such modulation could promote inflammation through IL-12A and blood clotting through SERPINE1 expression, which could ultimately promote atherosclerosis and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Díez-Ricote
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Ruiz-Valderrey
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Micó
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Blanco
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Research and Development Department, Biosearch Life Company, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joao Tomé-Carneiro
- Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism Group, Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA Food, UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism Group, Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA Food, UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Ordovás
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM_USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-917278100 (ext. 309)
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Hazime R, Eddehbi FE, El Mojadili S, Lakhouaja N, Souli I, Salami A, M’Raouni B, Brahim I, Oujidi M, Guennouni M, Bousfiha AA, Admou B. Inborn errors of immunity and related microbiome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:982772. [PMID: 36177048 PMCID: PMC9513548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are characterized by diverse clinical manifestations that are dominated by atypical, recurrent, chronic, or severe infectious or non-infectious features, including autoimmunity, lymphoproliferative disease, granulomas, and/or malignancy, which contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality. Some data suggest a correlation between clinical manifestations of IEI and altered gut microbiota. Many IEI display microbial dysbiosis resulting from the proliferation of pro-inflammatory bacteria or a decrease in anti-inflammatory bacteria with variations in the composition and function of numerous microbiota. Dysbiosis is considered more established, mainly within common variable immunodeficiency, selective immunoglobulin A deficiency, severe combined immunodeficiency diseases, Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, Hyper-IgE syndrome, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy–candidiasis–ectodermal-dystrophy (APECED), immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy X-linked (IPEX) syndrome, IL-10 receptor deficiency, chronic granulomatous disease, and Kostmann disease. For certain IEIs, the specific predominance of gastrointestinal, respiratory, and cutaneous involvement, which is frequently associated with dysbiosis, justifies the interest for microbiome identification. With the better understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota, host immunity, and infectious diseases, the integration of microbiota modulation as a therapeutic approach or a preventive measure of infection becomes increasingly relevant. Thus, a promising strategy is to develop optimized prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbial transplantation to rebalance the intestinal microbiota and thereby attenuate the disease activity of many IEIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Hazime
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Fatima-Ezzohra Eddehbi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Saad El Mojadili
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Nadia Lakhouaja
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Ikram Souli
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdelmouïne Salami
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Bouchra M’Raouni
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Imane Brahim
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Oujidi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Morad Guennouni
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Aziz Bousfiha
- Pediatric infectious and Immunology Department, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology inflammation and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Brahim Admou
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Clinical Research, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
- *Correspondence: Brahim Admou,
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任 园, 王 佐, 薛 骏. [Gut-derived uremic toxin trimethylamine-N-oxide in cardiovascular disease under end-stage renal disease: an injury mechanism and therapeutic target]. SHENG WU YI XUE GONG CHENG XUE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING = SHENGWU YIXUE GONGCHENGXUE ZAZHI 2022; 39:848-852. [PMID: 36008350 PMCID: PMC10957347 DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202110017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The main cause of death in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is cardiovascular disease, and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been found to be one of the specific risk factors in the pathogenic process in recent years. TMAO is derived from intestinal bacterial metabolism of dietary choline, carnitine and other substances and subsequently catalyzed by flavin monooxygenase enzymes in the liver. The changes of intestinal bacteria in ESRD patients have contributed to the accumulation of gut-derived uremic toxins such as TMAO, indoxyl sulfate and indole-3-acetic acid. While elevated TMAO concentration accelerates atherosclerosis through mechanisms such as inflammation, increased scavenger receptor expression, and inhibition of reverse cholesterol transport. In this review, this research introduces the biological function, metabolic processes of TMAO and mechanisms by which TMAO promotes the progression of cardiovascular disease in ESRD patients and summarizes current interventions that may be used to reverse gut microbiota disturbances, such as activated carbon, fecal microbial transplantation, dietary improvement, probiotic and probiotic introduction. It also focuses on exploring intervention targets to reduce the gut-derived uremic toxin TMAO in order to explore the possibility of more cardiovascular disease treatments for ESRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- 园 任
- 复旦大学附属华山医院 肾病科(上海 200040)Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
| | - 佐元 王
- 复旦大学附属华山医院 肾病科(上海 200040)Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
| | - 骏 薛
- 复旦大学附属华山医院 肾病科(上海 200040)Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
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18
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Associations of Diet with Urinary Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) and Its Precursors among Free-Living 10-Year-Old Children: Data from SMBCS. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163419. [PMID: 36014922 PMCID: PMC9413070 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a diet-derived cometabolite linked to cardiometabolic disease, has been associated with elevated dietary status, particularly in people with kidney failure and adults with dietary modulations. However, the influence of the current diet on TMAO levels in free-living children has not been adequately described. This study was to explore associations of food compositions and dietary diversity with urinary TMAO and its precursor concentrations. Urinary TMAO and its precursor concentrations of 474 healthy children from the Sheyang Mini Birth Cohort were quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography−Q Exactive high-resolution mass spectrometer (UPLC-Q Exactive HRMS). Individual food compositions from 24 h dietary recall data were classified into 20 groups and diversity scores were calculated according to the guidelines of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Associations of urinary TMAO and its precursors with food compositions and dietary diversity scores were assessed by generalized linear regression models. In models adjusted for potential confounders, urinary TMAO was significantly associated with intakes of fish (β, regression coefficient = 0.155, p < 0.05) and vegetables (β = 0.120, p < 0.05). Eggs intake showed positive associations with TMAO’s precursors (trimethylamine: β = 0.179, p < 0.05; choline: β = 0.181, p < 0.05). No association between meat intake and TMAO was observed, whereas meat and poultry intakes were related to the levels of acetyl-L-carnitine and L-carnitine (β: 0.134 to 0.293, p < 0.05). The indicators of dietary diversity were positively correlated to TMAO concentration (β: 0.027 to 0.091, p < 0.05). In this free-living children-based study, dietary factors were related to urinary TMAO and its precursors, especially fish, meat, and eggs. As such, dietary diversity was positively related to the level of TMAO.
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Douzi W, Bon D, Suikkanen S, Soukkio P, Boildieu N, Nenonen A, Hupli M, Kukkonen-Harjula K, Dugué B. 1H NMR Urinary Metabolomic Analysis in Older Adults after Hip Fracture Surgery May Provide Valuable Information for Patient Profiling-A Preliminary Investigation. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080744. [PMID: 36005617 PMCID: PMC9415398 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In these times of precision and personalized medicine, profiling patients to identify their needs is crucial to providing the best and most cost-effective treatment. In this study, we used urine metabolomics to explore the characterization of older adults with hip fractures and to explore the forecasting of patient outcomes. Overnight urine specimens were collected from 33 patients (mean age 80 ± 8 years) after hip fracture surgery during their stay at a rehabilitation hospital. The specimens were analyzed with 1H NMR spectroscopy. We performed a metabolomics study regarding assessments of frailty status, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The main metabolic variations concerned 10 identified metabolites: paracetamol derivatives (4 peaks: 2.15 ppm; 2.16 ppm; 7.13 ppm and 7.15 ppm); hippuric acid; acetate; acetone; dimethylamine; glycine; alanine; lactate; valine; TMAO. At baseline, the urinary levels of these metabolites were significantly higher (i) in frail compared with non-frail patients, (ii) in persons with poorer FIM scores, and (iii) in persons with poorer compared SPPB scores. Our findings suggested that patients with increased levels of urine metabolites associated with metabolic, inflammatory, and renal disorders presented clear signs of frailty, impaired functional independence, and poor physical performance. Metabolomics could be a valuable tool to further characterize older adults, especially after major medical events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Douzi
- Laboratoire «Mobilité, Vieillissement, Exercice (MOVE)—UR 20296», Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Poitiers, 8 Allée Jean Monnet, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Delphine Bon
- INSERM U1313, (IRMETIST), Poitiers, France and Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Sara Suikkanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Social Services and Health Care, LAB University of Applied Sciences, 53130 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Paula Soukkio
- Rehabilitation and Laboratory Center, South Karelia Social and Health Care District (Eksote), Valto Käkelän katu 3, 53130 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Nadège Boildieu
- INSERM U1313, (IRMETIST), Poitiers, France and Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Arja Nenonen
- Rehabilitation and Laboratory Center, South Karelia Social and Health Care District (Eksote), Valto Käkelän katu 3, 53130 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Markku Hupli
- Rehabilitation and Laboratory Center, South Karelia Social and Health Care District (Eksote), Valto Käkelän katu 3, 53130 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Katriina Kukkonen-Harjula
- Rehabilitation and Laboratory Center, South Karelia Social and Health Care District (Eksote), Valto Käkelän katu 3, 53130 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Benoit Dugué
- Laboratoire «Mobilité, Vieillissement, Exercice (MOVE)—UR 20296», Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Poitiers, 8 Allée Jean Monnet, 86000 Poitiers, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-549-454-040; Fax: +33-549-453-396
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Schäfer TV, Vakunenkova OA, Ivnitsky JJ, Golovko AI. Gut Barrier in Critical States of the Body. BIOLOGY BULLETIN REVIEWS 2022. [PMCID: PMC9297268 DOI: 10.1134/s2079086422040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier (IB) is a system of diffusion barriers separating the intestinal chyme and blood. The aim of the review is to identify the role of IB dysfunction in the formation of critical states of the body and to substantiate ways to prevent these states. Toxic substances produced by normal intestinal microflora are characterized. The involvement of endotoxin and ammonia in the pathogenesis of sepsis, acute circulatory disorders, secondary acute pulmonary lesions, and acute cerebral insufficiency is shown. Approaches to protect the IB in critical states of the body are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. V. Schäfer
- State Scientific Research and Testing Institute of Military Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - O. A. Vakunenkova
- Golikov Scientific and Clinical Center of Toxicology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ju. Ju. Ivnitsky
- Golikov Scientific and Clinical Center of Toxicology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A. I. Golovko
- Golikov Scientific and Clinical Center of Toxicology, St. Petersburg, Russia
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21
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Chen P, Guo Z. Plasmatic trimethylamine N-oxide and its relation to stroke: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29512. [PMID: 35866835 PMCID: PMC9302353 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated circulating concentrations of the gut metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), were found in patients who experienced stroke. However, it has not been reported whether a high level of TMAO is associated with a significantly increased risk of stroke. This study aimed to review the available scientific evidence about the relationship between TMAO levels and the risk of stroke in a dose-response meta-analysis. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for studies starting from September 1996 to December 2020. Nine studies including 4402 subjects were reviewed in this study. RESULTS The results of meta-analysis showed that high levels of circulating TMAO were associated with an increased risk of stroke in patients in the random-effects model (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-2.41; P = 0.047). The OR for the prevalence of stroke increased by 48% per 5-μmol/L increment (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.16-1.78; P < 0.001) and by 132% per 10-μmol/L increment (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.38-3.86; P < 0.001) in circulating TMAO concentration according to the dose-response meta-analysis. CONCLUSION There was a significant association between higher plasma TMAO concentrations and the risk of stroke. Further in-depth studies are warranted to validate this interaction and explore potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhilei Guo
- Department of pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital; Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * Correspondence: Zhilei Guo, Department of Pharmacy,Wuhan Fourth Hospital;Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (e-mail: )
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22
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Xu Z, Hou Y, Sun J, Zhu L, Zhang Q, Yao W, Fan X, Zhang K, Piao JG, Wei Y. Deoxycholic acid-chitosan coated liposomes combined with in situ colonic gel enhances renal fibrosis therapy of emodin. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154110. [PMID: 35487039 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis is the final common pathological feature of various chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Despite recent advances, development of new treatments strategy is needed. Emodin (EMO), an important ingredient of Chinese medicine, rhubarb (Polygonaceae Rheum palmatum l.), has been reported to inhibit the development of renal fibrosis effectively. However, the poor oral bioavailability of EMO and the insufficient monotherapy therapy compromise its efficacy. PURPOSE In order to enhance renal fibrosis therapy of emodin, an innovative combination therapy based on deoxycholic acid-chitosan coated liposomes (DCS-Lips) and in situ colonic gel (IGE) was developed. METHODS For one, the DCS-Lips were prepared via electrostatic interaction by mixing anionic conventional Lips with cationic DCS, deoxycholic acid conjugated on the backbone of chitosan. The cellular uptake of FITC-labeled DCS-Lips in Caco-2 cell monolayer was evaluated by CLSM and flow cytometry, respectively. Permeability study was carried out using Caco-2 cell monolayer. For another, EMO-loaded in situ colonic gel (EMO-IGE) was prepared by mixing EMO nanosuspensions and plain in situ gel, which was obtained by the cold method. The EMO-IGE was assessed for morphology, gelation temperature, viscosity and in vitro drug release. Finally, the therapeutic efficacy of the combination strategy, oral DCS-Lips formulations and in situ colonic gel, was evaluated in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rat model. Additionally, 16S rDNA sequencing was performed on rats faces to investigate whether the combination strategy improves the microbial dysbiosis in UUO rats. RESULTS The prepared DCS-Lips produced small, uniformly sized nanoparticles, and significantly enhanced the cellular uptake and in vitro permeability of EMO compared to non-coated liposomes. Moreover, the EMO-IGE was characterized by short gelation time, optimal gelling temperature, and excellent viscosity. In UUO model, the combination of DCS-Lips (gavage) and IGE (enema) attenuated renal fibrosis effectively. The results of 16S rDNA sequencing illustrated that IGE could restore the gut microbial dysbiosis of UUO rats. CONCLUSION Overall, the combination of DCS-Lips and EMO-IGE alleviated renal fibrosis effectively, resulting from the improved oral bioavailability of EMO by DCS-Lips and the restoration of gut microbiota by EMO-IGE, thus, presenting an innovative and promising potential for renal fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishi Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Yu Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Jiang Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Qibin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Wenjie Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Xudong Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Ji-Gang Piao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Yinghui Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China.
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23
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Bartikoski BJ, de Oliveira MS, do Espírito Santo RC, dos Santos LP, dos Santos NG, Xavier RM. A Review of Metabolomic Profiling in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Bringing New Insights in Disease Pathogenesis, Treatment and Comorbidities. Metabolites 2022; 12:394. [PMID: 35629898 PMCID: PMC9146149 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic analysis provides a wealth of information that can be predictive of distinctive phenotypes of pathogenic processes and has been applied to better understand disease development. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with the establishment of chronic synovial inflammation that affects joints and peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle and bone. There is a lack of useful disease biomarkers to track disease activity, drug response and follow-up in RA. In this review, we describe potential metabolic biomarkers that might be helpful in the study of RA pathogenesis, drug response and risk of comorbidities. TMAO (choline and trimethylamine oxide) and TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle products have been suggested to modulate metabolic profiles during the early stages of RA and are present systemically, which is a relevant characteristic for biomarkers. Moreover, the analysis of lipids such as cholesterol, FFAs and PUFAs may provide important information before disease onset to predict disease activity and treatment response. Regarding therapeutics, TNF inhibitors may increase the levels of tryptophan, valine, lysine, creatinine and alanine, whereas JAK/STAT inhibitors may modulate exclusively fatty acids. These observations indicate that different disease modifying antirheumatic drugs have specific metabolic profiles and can reveal differences between responders and non-responders. In terms of comorbidities, physical impairment represented by higher fatigue scores and muscle wasting has been associated with an increase in urea cycle, FFAs, tocopherols and BCAAs. In conclusion, synovial fluid, blood and urine samples from RA patients seem to provide critical information about the metabolic profile related to drug response, disease activity and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Jonson Bartikoski
- Laboratório de Doenças Autoimunes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil; (B.J.B.); (M.S.d.O.); (R.C.d.E.S.); (L.P.d.S.); (N.G.d.S.)
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Marianne Schrader de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Doenças Autoimunes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil; (B.J.B.); (M.S.d.O.); (R.C.d.E.S.); (L.P.d.S.); (N.G.d.S.)
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Cavalheiro do Espírito Santo
- Laboratório de Doenças Autoimunes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil; (B.J.B.); (M.S.d.O.); (R.C.d.E.S.); (L.P.d.S.); (N.G.d.S.)
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Peterson dos Santos
- Laboratório de Doenças Autoimunes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil; (B.J.B.); (M.S.d.O.); (R.C.d.E.S.); (L.P.d.S.); (N.G.d.S.)
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Garcia dos Santos
- Laboratório de Doenças Autoimunes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil; (B.J.B.); (M.S.d.O.); (R.C.d.E.S.); (L.P.d.S.); (N.G.d.S.)
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Barcelos 2400, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Machado Xavier
- Laboratório de Doenças Autoimunes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil; (B.J.B.); (M.S.d.O.); (R.C.d.E.S.); (L.P.d.S.); (N.G.d.S.)
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
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Zeiser R, Warnatz K, Rosshart S, Sagar, Tanriver Y. GVHD, IBD and primary immunodeficiencies: The gut as a target of immunopathology resulting from impaired immunity. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1406-1418. [PMID: 35339113 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal tract is the largest immunological organ in the body and has a central function of regulating local immune responses, as the intestinal epithelial barrier is a location where the immune system interacts with the gut microbiome including bacteria, fungi and viruses. Impaired immunity in the intestinal tract can lead to immunopathology, which manifests in different diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or intestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). A disturbed communication between epithelial cells, immune cells and microbiome will shape pathogenic immune responses to antigens, which need to be counterbalanced by tolerogenic mechanisms and repair mechanisms. Here, we review how impaired intestinal immune function leads to immunopathology with a specific focus on innate immune cells, the role of the microbiome and the resulting clinical manifestations including intestinal GVHD, IBD and enteropathy in primary immunodeficiency. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology - Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Rosshart
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sagar
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yakup Tanriver
- Department of Medicine IV (Nephrology and Primary Care), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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25
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Ho HE, Cunningham-Rundles C. Seeking Relevant Biomarkers in Common Variable Immunodeficiency. Front Immunol 2022; 13:857050. [PMID: 35359997 PMCID: PMC8962738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.857050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic form of primary immunodeficiency. More than 50% of patients in some series suffer from autoimmune or inflammatory complications (the "CVID+" phenotype), and these are not adequately addressed by current treatments. Despite major advancements in genetics, the pathogenesis of the CVID+ phenotype has remained unexplained for most patients, necessitating the need for relevant biomarkers in both the clinic and research settings. In the clinics, reduced isotype-switched memory B cells (≤ 0.55% of B cells) and reduced T cells (CD4) can be utilized to identify those with increased complication risks. Additionally, condition-specific markers have also been suggested for lymphoma (normal or elevated IgM) and progressive interstitial lung disease (increased BAFF, normal or elevated IgM). Additional biomarkers have provided insights into disease pathogenesis, demonstrating wider systemic inflammation (increased LBP, sCD14, and sCD25; expanded ILC3), mucosal defects (increased zonulin, I-FABP), and perhaps reduced anti-inflammatory capability (reduced HDL) in CVID. Most recently, efforts have revealed elevated circulating bioactive bacterial DNA levels - marking microbial translocation and potentially linking the causation of multiple inflammatory changes previously observed in CVID. The implementation of high throughput profiling techniques may accelerate the search of relevant biomarker profiles in CVID and lead to better clinical risk stratification, revealing disease insights, and identifying potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-en Ho
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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26
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Dong F, Jiang S, Tang C, Wang X, Ren X, Wei Q, Tian J, Hu W, Guo J, Fu X, Liu L, Patzak A, Persson PB, Gao F, Lai EY, Zhao L. Trimethylamine N-oxide promotes hyperoxaluria-induced calcium oxalate deposition and kidney injury by activating autophagy. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:288-300. [PMID: 34767921 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcium oxalate (CaOx) is the most common component of kidney stones. Oxidative stress, inflammation and autophagy-induced cell death are the major causes of CaOx crystal deposition and CaOx crystal deposition can further lead to kidney injury. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota-derived metabolite, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes and chronic kidney disease, but the effect of TMAO on hyperoxaluria-induced CaOx crystal deposition and kidney injury remains unknown. We hypothesize that TMAO aggravates CaOx crystal deposition via promoting CaOx-mediated cell death. C57Bl/6 mice were given high-oxalate diet as a model of hyperoxaluria. TMAO was provided via drinking water. Serum TMAO levels increased 15 days after CaOx treatment (6.30 ± 0.17 μmol/L vs. 34.65 ± 8.95 μmol/L). High-oxalate diet induced inflammation, CaOx deposition and kidney injury, which TMAO aggravated. In accordance, TMAO intensified high-oxalate diet induced oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis. Moreover, TMAO enhanced CaOx crystal adhesion to HK-2 cells and reduced cell viability (from 88.9 ± 1.6% to 75.0 ± 2.7%). Protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) may mediate these TMAO effects, as TMAO promoted PERK phosphorylation. Consistently, PERK knockdown alleviated TMAO-evoked CaOx-autophagy, apoptosis and oxidative stress in HK-2 cells. In conclusion, TMAO can aggravate hyperoxaluria-induced kidney injury by triggering the PERK/ROS pathway, which enhances autophagy, apoptosis and inflammation, and facilitates CaOx crystal deposition in renal tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dong
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Qichun Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jiong Tian
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaodong Fu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Durbrain Medical Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Pontus B Persson
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Fei Gao
- Durbrain Medical Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - En Yin Lai
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 10117, Germany.
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 10117, Germany.
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27
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Steiger S, Rossaint J, Zarbock A, Anders HJ. Secondary Immunodeficiency Related to Kidney Disease (SIDKD)-Definition, Unmet Need, and Mechanisms. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:259-278. [PMID: 34907031 PMCID: PMC8819985 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021091257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a known risk factor for poor outcomes of COVID-19 and many other serious infections. Conversely, infection is the second most common cause of death in patients with kidney disease. However, little is known about the underlying secondary immunodeficiency related to kidney disease (SIDKD). In contrast to cardiovascular disease related to kidney disease, which has triggered countless epidemiologic, clinical, and experimental research activities or interventional trials, investments in tracing, understanding, and therapeutically targeting SIDKD have been sparse. As a call for more awareness of SIDKD as an imminent unmet medical need that requires rigorous research activities at all levels, we review the epidemiology of SIDKD and the numerous aspects of the abnormal immunophenotype of patients with kidney disease. We propose a definition of SIDKD and discuss the pathogenic mechanisms of SIDKD known thus far, including more recent insights into the unexpected immunoregulatory roles of elevated levels of FGF23 and hyperuricemia and shifts in the secretome of the intestinal microbiota in kidney disease. As an ultimate goal, we should aim to develop therapeutics that can reduce mortality due to infections in patients with kidney disease by normalizing host defense to pathogens and immune responses to vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Steiger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
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28
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Li Y, Kang J, Lee Y, Chung JY, Cho JY. A validated simple LC-MS/MS method for quantifying trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) using a surrogate matrix and its clinical application. Transl Clin Pharmacol 2022; 29:216-225. [PMID: 35024362 PMCID: PMC8718357 DOI: 10.12793/tcp.2021.29.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a small molecular amine oxide generated from dietary choline and carnitine through intestinal microbial metabolism. Recently, TMAO has attracted much public attention as its role in disease progression has been proven in many clinical studies. The plasma concentration of TMAO in humans was found to be positively associated with the increased risk of many diseases including cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney diseases. To achieve accurate and sensitive quantitation of TMAO for clinical applications, we established and validated a simple quantitative method using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system. We constructed an eight-point calibration curve in an artificial surrogate matrix instead of the commonly used biological matrices to avoid interference from the endogenous TMAO. The calibration curve showed excellent linearity in the range of 1 to 5,000 ng/mL, with a correlation coefficient (R2) higher than 0.996 in each validation batch. Moreover, both the intra-day and inter-day assays achieved satisfactory precision and accuracy results ranging from 1.65–7.15% and 96.36–111.43%, respectively. Further, this method was cross-validated using a human plasma matrix and applied to a clinical pharmacology study. Overall, these results demonstrate that the developed quantitation method is applicable in clinical research for monitoring disease progression and evaluating drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jihyun Kang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Chung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Clinical Trials Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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29
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Golzarand M, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Association between dietary choline and betaine intake and 10.6-year cardiovascular disease in adults. Nutr J 2022; 21:1. [PMID: 34986852 PMCID: PMC8728923 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-021-00755-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have assessed the association between dietary choline and betaine and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but their results are inconsistent. The present study aimed to determine the association between dietary intake of choline and betaine and the risk of CVD in the general population over a 10.6-year period of follow-up. Methods The present cohort study was conducted on participants in the third wave of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006–2008) and was followed-up until March 2018. Dietary intake of choline and betaine was calculated using the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) database. Patients’ medical records were used to collect data on CVD. Results In this study, 2606 subjects with no previous CVD participated and were followed-up for a median of 10.6 years. During the follow-up periods, 187 incidences of CVD were detected. Results of the Cox proportional hazards regression indicated that neither energy-adjusted total choline nor betaine was associated with the incidence of CVD. Among individual choline forms, only higher intake of free choline (FC) was associated with a lower risk of CVD (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42–0.98). There was no significant association between each 10 mg/d increase in choline and betaine content of each food category and CVD. Conclusion Our investigation indicates no association between energy-adjusted total choline and betaine and a 10.6-year risk of CVD among adults. Besides, we found no relationship between individual choline forms (except FC) and CVD. We also found energy-adjusted choline and betaine obtained from food categories were not associated with the risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Golzarand
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 7, Shahid Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak-e-qods, Tehran, 1981619573, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a wide spectrum of noninfectious gastrointestinal pathology, causing considerable morbidity and mortality in CVID, where both etiology and effective therapy are under debate. AREAS COVERED This review will focus on the noninfectious inflammation in the GI tract in CVID patients, covering the both the upper and lower GI tract inflammation, including the liver. The controversy of the CVID enteropathy definition and that of gluten-free diet for celiac-like disease in CVID will be discussed. Furthermore, the review will cover the link between GI inflammation and GI cancer. Finally, the role of gut microbiota, IgA, and genetics and its relationship with CVID enteropathy is scrutinized. The authors reviewed literature from PubMed. EXPERT OPINION The heterogeneity and the unknown mechanism behind CVID enteropathy, and thereby the lack of effective treatment, is one of the key challenges in the field of CVID. Celiac-like disease in CVID is due to immune dysregulation, and a gluten-free diet is therefore not indicated. Gut microbial dysbiosis and mucosal IgA can initiate systemic and local inflammation and is involved in the immune dysregulation in CVID. Considering the heterogeneity of CVID enteropathy, personalized medicine is probably the future for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Andersen
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - S F Jørgensen
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway
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31
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Tang WHW, Chaikijurajai T. Modulating gut microbial metabolism in heart failure: Opportunities and challenges. EBioMedicine 2021; 71:103573. [PMID: 34482072 PMCID: PMC8426514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W H Wilson Tang
- Kaufman Center for Heart Failure Treatment and Recovery, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, USA.
| | - Thanat Chaikijurajai
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medicine School, Minneapolis MN, USA
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32
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Varricchi G, Poto R, Ianiro G, Punziano A, Marone G, Gasbarrini A, Spadaro G. Gut Microbiome and Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Few Certainties and Many Outstanding Questions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:712915. [PMID: 34408753 PMCID: PMC8366412 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary antibody immunodeficiency, characterized by reduced serum levels of IgG, IgA, and/or IgM. The vast majority of CVID patients have polygenic inheritance. Immune dysfunction in CVID can frequently involve the gastrointestinal tract and lung. Few studies have started to investigate the gut microbiota profile in CVID patients. Overall, the results suggest that in CVID patients there is a reduction of alpha and beta diversity compared to controls. In addition, these patients can exhibit increased plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and markers (sCD14 and sCD25) of systemic immune cell activation. CVID patients with enteropathy exhibit decreased IgA expression in duodenal tissue. Mouse models for CVID unsatisfactorily recapitulate the polygenic causes of human CVID. The molecular pathways by which gut microbiota contribute to systemic inflammation and possibly tumorigenesis in CVID patients remain poorly understood. Several fundamental questions concerning the relationships between gut microbiota and the development of chronic inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders or cancer in CVID patients remain unanswered. Moreover, it is unknown whether it is possible to modify the microbiome and the outcome of CVID patients through specific therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Cattolica del Sacro Cuore University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Punziano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Cattolica del Sacro Cuore University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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33
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Rueda-Robles A, Rubio-Tomás T, Plaza-Diaz J, Álvarez-Mercado AI. Impact of Dietary Patterns on H. pylori Infection and the Modulation of Microbiota to Counteract Its Effect. A Narrative Review. Pathogens 2021; 10:875. [PMID: 34358024 PMCID: PMC8308520 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the stomach and can induce gastric disease and intra-gastric lesions, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. This bacterium is responsible for long-term complications of gastric disease. The conjunction of host genetics, immune response, bacterial virulence expression, diet, micronutrient availability, and microbiome structure influence the disease outcomes related to chronic H. pylori infection. In this regard, the consumption of unhealthy and unbalanced diets can induce microbial dysbiosis, which infection with H. pylori may contribute to. However, to date, clinical trials have reported controversial results and current knowledge in this field is inconclusive. Here, we review preclinical studies concerning the changes produced in the microbiota that may be related to H. pylori infection, as well as the involvement of diet. We summarize and discuss the last approaches based on the modulation of the microbiota to improve the negative impact of H. pylori infection and their potential translation from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ascensión Rueda-Robles
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Teresa Rubio-Tomás
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Children’s Hospital Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana I. Álvarez-Mercado
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
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34
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Bosák J, Lexa M, Fiedorová K, Gadara DC, Micenková L, Spacil Z, Litzman J, Freiberger T, Šmajs D. Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) Show Higher Gut Bacterial Diversity and Levels of Low-Abundance Genes Than the Healthy Housemates. Front Immunol 2021; 12:671239. [PMID: 34054845 PMCID: PMC8163231 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.671239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder with inadequate antibody responses and low levels of immunoglobulins including IgA that is involved in the maintenance of the intestinal homeostasis. In this study, we analyzed the taxonomical and functional metagenome of the fecal microbiota and stool metabolome in a cohort of six CVID patients without gastroenterological symptomatology and their healthy housemates. The fecal microbiome of CVID patients contained higher numbers of bacterial species and altered abundance of thirty-four species. Hungatella hathewayi was frequent in CVID microbiome and absent in controls. Moreover, the CVID metagenome was enriched for low-abundance genes likely encoding nonessential functions, such as bacterial motility and metabolism of aromatic compounds. Metabolomics revealed dysregulation in several metabolic pathways, mostly associated with decreased levels of adenosine in CVID patients. Identified features have been consistently associated with CVID diagnosis across the patients with various immunological characteristics, length of treatment, and age. Taken together, this initial study revealed expansion of bacterial diversity in the host immunodeficient conditions and suggested several bacterial species and metabolites, which have potential to be diagnostic and/or prognostic CVID markers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Bosák
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Matej Lexa
- Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Kristýna Fiedorová
- Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Darshak C. Gadara
- RECETOX Center, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lenka Micenková
- RECETOX Center, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Zdenek Spacil
- RECETOX Center, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jiří Litzman
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne’s University Hospital in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Freiberger
- Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - David Šmajs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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35
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Lombardo M, Aulisa G, Marcon D, Rizzo G, Tarsisano MG, Di Renzo L, Federici M, Caprio M, De Lorenzo A. Association of Urinary and Plasma Levels of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) with Foods. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051426. [PMID: 33922680 PMCID: PMC8145508 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) may play a key mediator role in the relationship between the diet, gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases, particularly in people with kidney failure. The aim of this review is to evaluate which foods have a greater influence on blood or urinary trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels. Methods: 391 language articles were screened, and 27 were analysed and summarized for this review, using the keywords “TMAO” AND “egg” OR “meat” OR “fish” OR “dairy” OR “vegetables” OR “fruit” OR “food” in December 2020. Results: A strong correlation between TMAO and fish consumption, mainly saltwater fish and shellfish, but not freshwater fish, has been demonstrated. Associations of the consumption of eggs, dairy and meat with TMAO are less clear and may depend on other factors such as microbiota or cooking methods. Plant-based foods do not seem to influence TMAO but have been less investigated. Discussion: Consumption of saltwater fish, dark meat fish and shellfish seems to be associated with an increase in urine or plasma TMAO values. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship between increased risk of cardiovascular disease and plasma levels of TMAO due to fish consumption. Interventions coupled with long-term dietary patterns targeting the gut microbiota seem promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (D.M.); (M.C.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00173 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Giovanni Aulisa
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (D.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Daniele Marcon
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (D.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Gianluca Rizzo
- Independent Researcher, via Venezuela 66, 98121 Messina, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Tarsisano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.D.R.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00173 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (D.M.); (M.C.)
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.D.R.); (A.D.L.)
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36
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Gut Microbiota-Host Interactions in Inborn Errors of Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031416. [PMID: 33572538 PMCID: PMC7866830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a group of disorders that are mostly caused by genetic mutations affecting immune host defense and immune regulation. Although IEI present with a wide spectrum of clinical features, in about one third of them various degrees of gastrointestinal (GI) involvement have been described and for some IEI the GI manifestations represent the main and peculiar clinical feature. The microbiome plays critical roles in the education and function of the host's innate and adaptive immune system, and imbalances in microbiota-immunity interactions can contribute to intestinal pathogenesis. Microbial dysbiosis combined to the impairment of immunosurveillance and immune dysfunction in IEI, may favor mucosal permeability and lead to inflammation. Here we review how immune homeostasis between commensals and the host is established in the gut, and how these mechanisms can be disrupted in the context of primary immunodeficiencies. Additionally, we highlight key aspects of the first studies on gut microbiome in patients affected by IEI and discuss how gut microbiome could be harnessed as a therapeutic approach in these diseases.
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