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Finkelstein O, Levakov G, Kaplan A, Zelicha H, Meir AY, Rinott E, Tsaban G, Witte AV, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Shelef I, Shai I, Riklin Raviv T, Avidan G. Deep learning-based BMI inference from structural brain MRI reflects brain alterations following lifestyle intervention. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26595. [PMID: 38375968 PMCID: PMC10878010 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with negative effects on the brain. We exploit Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools to explore whether differences in clinical measurements following lifestyle interventions in overweight population could be reflected in brain morphology. In the DIRECT-PLUS clinical trial, participants with criterion for metabolic syndrome underwent an 18-month lifestyle intervention. Structural brain MRIs were acquired before and after the intervention. We utilized an ensemble learning framework to predict Body-Mass Index (BMI) scores, which correspond to adiposity-related clinical measurements from brain MRIs. We revealed that patient-specific reduction in BMI predictions was associated with actual weight loss and was significantly higher in active diet groups compared to a control group. Moreover, explainable AI (XAI) maps highlighted brain regions contributing to BMI predictions that were distinct from regions associated with age prediction. Our DIRECT-PLUS analysis results imply that predicted BMI and its reduction are unique neural biomarkers for obesity-related brain modifications and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofek Finkelstein
- Department of Cognitive and Brain SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Gidon Levakov
- Department of Cognitive and Brain SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Alon Kaplan
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health SciencesBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
- The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HashomerRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Hila Zelicha
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health SciencesBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Anat Yaskolka Meir
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health SciencesBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Ehud Rinott
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health SciencesBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Gal Tsaban
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health SciencesBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
- Soroka University Medical CenterBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Anja Veronica Witte
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck‐Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, and Cognitive NeurologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | | | | | - Ilan Shelef
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health SciencesBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
- Soroka University Medical CenterBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Iris Shai
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health SciencesBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tammy Riklin Raviv
- The School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Galia Avidan
- Department of PsychologyBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
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Patel M, Braun J, Lambert G, Kameneva T, Keatch C, Lambert E. Central mechanisms in sympathetic nervous dysregulation in obesity. J Neurophysiol 2023; 130:1414-1424. [PMID: 37910522 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00254.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic complications associated with excess adiposity are linked to chronic activation of the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in a high risk of mortality among obese individuals. Obesity-related positive energy balance underlies the progression of hypertension, end-organ damage, and insulin resistance, driven by increased sympathetic tone throughout the body. It is, therefore, important to understand the central network that drives and maintains sustained activation of the sympathetic nervous system in the obese state. Experimental and clinical studies have identified structural changes and altered dynamics in both grey and white matter regions in obesity. Aberrant activation in certain brain regions has been associated with altered reward circuitry and metabolic pathways including leptin and insulin signaling along with adiposity-driven systemic and central inflammation. The impact of these pathways on the brain via overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system has gained interest in the past decade. Primarily, the brainstem, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and cortical structures including the insular, orbitofrontal, temporal, cingulate, and prefrontal cortices have been identified in this context. Although the central network involving these structures is much more intricate, this review highlights recent evidence identifying these regions in sympathetic overactivity in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Patel
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joe Braun
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin Lambert
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tatiana Kameneva
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charlotte Keatch
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Lambert
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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3
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García-García I, Michaud A, Jurado MÁ, Dagher A, Morys F. Mechanisms linking obesity and its metabolic comorbidities with cerebral grey and white matter changes. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:833-843. [PMID: 35059979 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09706-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a preventable risk factor for cerebrovascular disorders and it is associated with cerebral grey and white matter changes. Specifically, individuals with obesity show diminished grey matter volume and thickness, which seems to be more prominent among fronto-temporal regions in the brain. At the same time, obesity is associated with lower microstructural white matter integrity, and it has been found to precede increases in white matter hyperintensity load. To date, however, it is unclear whether these findings can be attributed solely to obesity or whether they are a consequence of cardiometabolic complications that often co-exist with obesity, such as low-grade systemic inflammation, hypertension, insulin resistance, or dyslipidemia. In this narrative review we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential impact of obesity and a number of its cardiometabolic consequences on brain integrity, both separately and in synergy with each other. We also identify current gaps in knowledge and outline recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel García-García
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - María Ángeles Jurado
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Alain Dagher
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Filip Morys
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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4
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Association between Serum Lipid Parameters and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225405. [PMID: 34830687 PMCID: PMC8617666 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Previous studies have suggested the association between lipid profiles and cognitive function in older adults. However, they generated inconsistent results. We aim to determine the relationship between lipid profiles and cognitive performance in older adults. (2) Methods: We used the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This study included 2215 participants who were aged more than 60 years old and free of coronary heart disease or stroke. Lipid profiles included total cholesterol (TC), low density lipid cholesterol (LDL), high density lipid cholesterol (HDL), and triglyceride (TG). Cognitive function was assessed using the digit symbol substitution test (DSST). (3) Results: Positive correlations of DSST were observed with TC (r = 0.111; p < 0.0001), HDL (r = 0.127; p < 0.0001), and LDL (r = 0.107; p = 0.0005). However, there was no significant relationship between TG and DSST. A one-unit increase in HDL was associated with an increase in DSST score (beta coefficient: 0.036; p = 0.018); but the association was not significant for LDL, TG, and TC. In the categorical analysis, the high HDL group had a higher DSST score than the low HDL group (beta = 3.113; p < 0.0001) and the low TG group was more likely to show a lower DSST score than the high TC group (beta = −1.837; p = 0.0461). However, LDL and TC showed no statistically significant associations. Moreover, HDL was only associated with a 0.701 times increased risk of cognitive impairment (95% CI = 0.523–0.938) in the logistic regression analysis. (4) Conclusions: Higher blood concentrations of HDL levels were positively associated with DSST scores in older adults. We suggest that the high levels of HDL may be a protective factor against cognitive impairment.
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5
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Pedrini S, Hone E, Gupta VB, James I, Teimouri E, Bush AI, Rowe CC, Villemagne VL, Ames D, Masters CL, Rainey-Smith S, Verdile G, Sohrabi HR, Raida MR, Wenk MR, Taddei K, Chatterjee P, Martins I, Laws SM, Martins RN. Plasma High Density Lipoprotein Small Subclass is Reduced in Alzheimer's Disease Patients and Correlates with Cognitive Performance. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 77:733-744. [PMID: 32741823 PMCID: PMC7592676 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: The link between cholesterol and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has received much attention, as evidence suggests high levels of cholesterol might be an AD risk factor. The carriage of cholesterol and lipids through the body is mediated via lipoproteins, some of which, particularly apolipoprotein E (ApoE), are intimately linked with AD. In humans, high density lipoprotein (HDL) is regarded as a “good” lipid complex due to its ability to enable clearance of excess cholesterol via ‘cholesterol reverse transport’, although its activities in the pathogenesis of AD are poorly understood. There are several subclasses of HDL; these range from the newly formed small HDL, to much larger HDL. Objective: We examined the major subclasses of HDL in healthy controls, mild cognitively impaired, and AD patients who were not taking statins to determine whether there were HDL profile differences between the groups, and whether HDL subclass levels correlated with plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) levels or brain Aβ deposition. Methods: Samples from AIBL cohort were used in this study. HDL subclass levels were assessed by Lipoprint while Aβ1–42 levels were assessed by ELISA. Brain Aβ deposition was assessed by PET scan. Statistical analysis was performed using parametric and non-parametric tests. Results: We found that small HDL subclass is reduced in AD patients and it correlates with cognitive performance while plasma Aβ concentrations do not correlate with lipid profile or HDL subfraction levels. Conclusion: Our data indicate that AD patients exhibit altered plasma HDL profile and that HDL subclasses correlate with cognitive performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Pedrini
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,CRC for Mental Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eugene Hone
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,CRC for Mental Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Veer B Gupta
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,CRC for Mental Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian James
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Elham Teimouri
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- CRC for Mental Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne Academic unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St George's Hospital, Kew, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Giuseppe Verdile
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Hamid R Sohrabi
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Manfred R Raida
- Life Science Institute, Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kevin Taddei
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,CRC for Mental Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pratishtha Chatterjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian Martins
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,CRC for Mental Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,CRC for Mental Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,CRC for Mental Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Sefiani A, Geoffroy CG. The Potential Role of Inflammation in Modulating Endogenous Hippocampal Neurogenesis After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:682259. [PMID: 34220440 PMCID: PMC8249862 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.682259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently there are approximately 291,000 people suffering from a spinal cord injury (SCI) in the United States. SCI is associated with traumatic changes in mobility and neuralgia, as well as many other long-term chronic health complications, including metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, osteoporosis, and elevated inflammatory markers. Due to medical advances, patients with SCI survive much longer than previously. This increase in life expectancy exposes them to novel neurological complications such as memory loss, cognitive decline, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. In fact, these usually age-associated disorders are more prevalent in people living with SCI. A common factor of these disorders is the reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis. Inflammation, which is elevated after SCI, plays a major role in modulating hippocampal neurogenesis. While there is no clear consensus on the mechanism of the decline in hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition after SCI, we will examine in this review how SCI-induced inflammation could modulate hippocampal neurogenesis and provoke age-associated neurological disorders. Thereafter, we will discuss possible therapeutic options which may mitigate the influence of SCI associated complications on hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Stephen R, Ngandu T, Liu Y, Peltonen M, Antikainen R, Kemppainen N, Laatikainen T, Lötjönen J, Rinne J, Strandberg T, Tuomilehto J, Vanninen R, Soininen H, Kivipelto M, Solomon A. Change in CAIDE Dementia Risk Score and Neuroimaging Biomarkers During a 2-Year Multidomain Lifestyle Randomized Controlled Trial: Results of a Post-Hoc Subgroup Analysis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1407-1414. [PMID: 33970268 PMCID: PMC8277089 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The CAIDE (Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia) Risk Score is a validated tool estimating dementia risk. It was previously associated with imaging biomarkers. However, associations between dementia risk scores (including CAIDE) and dementia-related biomarkers have not been studied in the context of an intervention. This study investigated associations between change in CAIDE score and change in neuroimaging biomarkers (brain magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and Pittsburgh Compound B-positron emission tomography [PiB-PET] measures) during the 2-year Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) (post-hoc analyses). FINGER targeted at-risk older adults, aged 60–77 years, from the general population. Participants were randomized to either multidomain intervention (diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk management) or control group (general health advice). Neuroimaging (MRI and PiB-PET) data from baseline and 2-year visits were used. A toal of 112 participants had repeated brain MRI measures (hippocampal, total gray matter, and white matter lesion volumes, and Alzheimer’s disease signature cortical thickness). Repeated PiB-PET scans were available for 39 participants. Reduction in CAIDE score (indicating lower dementia risk) during the intervention was associated with less decline in hippocampus volume in the intervention group, but not the control group (Randomization group × CAIDE change interaction β coefficient = −0.40, p = .02). Associations for other neuroimaging measures were not significant. The intervention may have benefits on hippocampal volume in individuals who succeed in improving their overall risk level as indicated by a reduction in CAIDE score. This exploratory finding requires further testing and validation in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Stephen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yawu Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Markku Peltonen
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Antikainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research/Geriatrics, University of Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and Oulu City Hospital, Finland
| | - Nina Kemppainen
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services, Joensuu, Finland.,Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Juha Rinne
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Strandberg
- Center for Life Course Health Research/Geriatrics, University of Oulu, Finland.,University of Helsinki, Clinicum, and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.,South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland.,Department of Neurosciences and Preventive Medicine, Danube-University Krems, Austria.,Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ritva Vanninen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Alina Solomon
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
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Dong QY, Li TR, Jiang XY, Wang XN, Han Y, Jiang JH. Glucose metabolism in the right middle temporal gyrus could be a potential biomarker for subjective cognitive decline: a study of a Han population. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:74. [PMID: 33827675 PMCID: PMC8028241 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00811-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) represents a cognitively normal state but at an increased risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recognizing the glucose metabolic biomarkers of SCD could facilitate the location of areas with metabolic changes at an ultra-early stage. The objective of this study was to explore glucose metabolic biomarkers of SCD at the region of interest (ROI) level. Methods This study was based on cohorts from two tertiary medical centers, and it was part of the SILCODE project (NCT03370744). Twenty-six normal control (NC) cases and 32 SCD cases were in cohort 1; 36 NCs, 23 cases of SCD, 32 cases of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCIs), 32 cases of AD dementia (ADDs), and 22 cases of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLBs) were in cohort 2. Each subject underwent [18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and subjects from cohort 1 additionally underwent amyloid-PET scanning. The ROI analysis was based on the Anatomical Automatic Labeling (AAL) template; multiple permutation tests and repeated cross-validations were conducted to determine the metabolic differences between NC and SCD cases. In addition, receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the capabilities of potential glucose metabolic biomarkers in distinguishing different groups. Pearson correlation analysis was also performed to explore the correlation between glucose metabolic biomarkers and neuropsychological scales or amyloid deposition. Results Only the right middle temporal gyrus (RMTG) passed the methodological verification, and its metabolic levels were correlated with the degrees of complaints (R = − 0.239, p = 0.009), depression (R = − 0.200, p = 0.030), and abilities of delayed memory (R = 0.207, p = 0.025), and were weakly correlated with cortical amyloid deposition (R = − 0.246, p = 0.066). Furthermore, RMTG metabolism gradually decreased across the cognitive continuum, and its diagnostic efficiency was comparable (NC vs. ADD, aMCI, or DLB) or even superior (NC vs. SCD) to that of the metabolism of the posterior cingulate cortex or precuneus. Conclusions These findings suggest that the hypometabolism of RMTG could be a typical feature of SCD, and the large-scale hypometabolism in patients with symptomatic stages of AD may start from the RMTG, which gradually progresses starting in the preclinical stage. The specificity of identifying SCD from the perspective of self-perceived symptoms is likely to be increased by the detection of RMTG metabolism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-021-00811-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yue Dong
- Key laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao-Ran Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Yan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clinical Research group, Venusberg Campus 1, Building 99, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xiao-Ni Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China. .,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie-Hui Jiang
- Key laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Szabo-Reed AN, Donnelly JE. Cognitive Training: Associations and Implications for Weight Management and Translational Research. TRANSLATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 6. [PMID: 34017915 DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral weight loss programs combining energy restriction and increased physical activity (PA) are generally successful in producing clinically significant weight loss (≥5%) over 3-6 mos. However, weight maintenance (≥ 2 yrs.) continues to be problematic, due in part to an inability of individuals to continue adherence to diet and PA recommendations. It is hypothesized that neurocognitive processes, specifically executive functions (EFs, i.e., inhibition, working memory, mental flexibility), underlie self-regulation, self-efficacy, and are essential for the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors. Behavioral weight loss programs generally attempt to improve self-regulation; however, these skills are difficult to implement long-term. Strengthening EFs through cognitive training may improve weight maintenance by improving self-efficacy and self-regulation, resulting in improved program attendance and improved adherence to dietary and PA recommendations. Although randomized trials have not been conducted to specifically evaluate this hypothesis, results from the available literature suggest the potential for cognitive training to improve weight maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N Szabo-Reed
- Department of Weight Management, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160 USA
| | - Joseph E Donnelly
- Department of Weight Management, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160 USA
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10
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Large-Scale Internetwork Functional Connectivity Mediates the Relationship between Serum Triglyceride and Working Memory in Young Adulthood. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8894868. [PMID: 33204252 PMCID: PMC7652625 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8894868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that serum lipid profile is associated with cognitive function as well as brain structure and function in middle-aged, elderly, and clinical populations. However, the nature and extent of lipids-brain-cognition relationships in young adulthood are largely unknown. In this study, 157 healthy young adults underwent resting-state functional MRI scans. Functional connectivity between and within 14 functional networks were calculated using independent component analysis. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected to measure serum lipids. Working memory was assessed using a 3-back task. Linear regression, correlation, and mediation analyses were conducted to test for potential associations between serum lipids, inter- and intranetwork functional connectivity, and working memory performance. We found that higher serum triglyceride (TG) level was correlated with stronger connectivity between left frontoparietal and ventral attention networks, between right frontoparietal and dorsal attention networks, between right frontoparietal and dorsal sensorimotor networks, between right frontoparietal and lateral visual networks, and between salience (SN) and ventral sensorimotor (vSMN) networks, as well as lower connectivity between posterior default mode and left frontoparietal networks, between left frontoparietal and medial visual networks, and between ventral attention and dorsal sensorimotor networks. In addition, higher SN-vSMN connectivity was related to lower 3-back accuracy. More importantly, the relationship between serum TG and 3-back accuracy was mediated by SN-vSMN connectivity. Our findings not only may expand existing knowledge regarding serum lipids-brain-cognition relations from the perspective of large-scale functional network organization but also may inform a translational conceptualization of how to improve cognitive function through regulating serum lipids.
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11
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Cantón-Habas V, Rich-Ruiz M, Romero-Saldaña M, Carrera-González MDP. Depression as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110457. [PMID: 33126696 PMCID: PMC7693751 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing the onset of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), improving the diagnosis, and slowing the progression of these diseases remain a challenge. The aim of this study was to elucidate the association between depression and dementia/AD and to identify possible relationships between these diseases and different sociodemographic and clinical features. In this regard, a case-control study was conducted in Spain in 2018–2019. The definition of a case was: A person ≥ 65 years old with dementia and/or AD and a score of 5–7 on the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). The sample consisted of 125 controls; among the cases, 96 had dementia and 74 had AD. The predictor variables were depression, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. The results showed that depression, diabetes mellitus, and older age were associated with an increased likelihood of developing AD, with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 12.9 (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.3–39.9), 2.8 (95% CI: 1.1–7.1) and 1.15 (95% CI: 1.1–1.2), respectively. Those subjects with treated dyslipidemia were less likely to develop AD (OR 0.47, 95% CI: 0.22–1.1). Therefore, depression and diabetes mellitus increase the risk of dementia, whereas treated dyslipidemia has been shown to reduce this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Cantón-Habas
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (V.C.-H.); (M.R.-S.); (M.d.P.C.-G.)
| | - Manuel Rich-Ruiz
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (V.C.-H.); (M.R.-S.); (M.d.P.C.-G.)
- Ciber Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28001 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-69-542-4299
| | - Manuel Romero-Saldaña
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (V.C.-H.); (M.R.-S.); (M.d.P.C.-G.)
| | - Maria del Pilar Carrera-González
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (V.C.-H.); (M.R.-S.); (M.d.P.C.-G.)
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
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12
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Yang FN, Stanford M, Jiang X. Low Cholesterol Level Linked to Reduced Semantic Fluency Performance and Reduced Gray Matter Volume in the Medial Temporal Lobe. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:57. [PMID: 32300296 PMCID: PMC7142997 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia has been proposed as a risk factor of dementia and cognitive decline. However, the findings of the relationship between cholesterol level and cognitive/brain function have been inconsistent. Here, using a well-controlled sample from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), we investigated the probable non-linear relationship between plasma total cholesterol (TC) level, gray matter volume (GMv), and cognitive performance in 117 non-demented subjects (mean age, 61.5 ± 8.9 years), including 67 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and 50 demographically matched controls. A quadratic relationship between semantic fluency (SF) performance and TC levels was identified. Within the subjects with a desirable TC level (TC < 200 mg/dl), low TC (lTC) levels were associated with reduced SF performance, as well as reduced GMv in three medial temporal regions [including bilateral anterior hippocampus (HIP)]. In contrast, no significant relationship between TC and cognition performance/GMv was found in individuals with a high cholesterol level (i.e., TC ≥ 200 mg/dl). Further region of interest (ROI)-based analysis showed that individuals with TC levels ranging from 100 to 160 mg/dl had the lowest GMv in the medial temporal regions. These findings suggest that low-normal TC level may be associated with reduced cognitive function and brain atrophy in regions implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, adding to a growing body of literature supporting a probable non-linear relationship between cholesterol level and brain health. However, this finding needs to be verified with other large public cohort data that do not include PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Nils Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Macdonell Stanford
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
- School of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Xiong Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
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13
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Péterfalvi Á, Németh N, Herczeg R, Tényi T, Miseta A, Czéh B, Simon M. Examining the Influence of Early Life Stress on Serum Lipid Profiles and Cognitive Functioning in Depressed Patients. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1798. [PMID: 31447737 PMCID: PMC6691174 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early childhood adversity is a strong predictor of the development of major depressive disorder (MDD), but not all depressed patients experience early life stress (ELS). Cardio-metabolic diseases and cognitive deficits often coincide in MDD and worsen its course and outcome. Adverse childhood experiences have been associated with elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but little is known on the impact of ELS on cardiovascular risk factors in MDD. Here, we examined MDD patients with and without ELS to explore the effects of ELS on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels and on cognitive performances of the patients. Methods Participants with a mean age of 35 years (18–55 years) were recruited from the university mental health clinic and general community. Three groups, matched in age, gender and lifestyle were examined: MDD patients with ELS (n = 21), MDD patients without ELS (n = 21), and healthy controls (n = 20). The following CVD risk factors were assessed: serum lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoproteins), body mass index and exercise in a typical week. MDD severity was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was used to assess early life adversities. Executive functions and attentional processes were assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting and Conners’ Continuous Performance tests. Results Major depressive disorder patients with ELS had higher serum triglyceride and lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations compared to MDD patients without ELS. Linear regression analysis revealed that the severity of ELS had a significant negative association with HDL-cholesterol levels and significant positive associations with the serum levels of TG and TC/HDL-cholesterol index. We also found significant associations between some specific trauma types and lipid profiles. Finally, we could detect significant associations between depression severity and specific domains of the cognitive tests as well as between lipid profiles and certain domains of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. However, we could not detect any association between the severity of ELS and cognitive performance. Conclusion After controlling for depressive symptom severity and lifestyle variables, ELS was found to be a strong predictor of serum lipid alterations. Several, inter-correlated pathways may mediate the undesirable effects of ELS on the course and outcome of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Péterfalvi
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nándor Németh
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Herczeg
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tényi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Miseta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Boldizsár Czéh
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Maria Simon
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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14
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Beyer F, Kharabian Masouleh S, Kratzsch J, Schroeter ML, Röhr S, Riedel-Heller SG, Villringer A, Witte AV. A Metabolic Obesity Profile Is Associated With Decreased Gray Matter Volume in Cognitively Healthy Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:202. [PMID: 31427957 PMCID: PMC6688742 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for cognitive decline and gray matter volume loss in aging. Studies have shown that different metabolic factors, e.g., dysregulated glucose metabolism and systemic inflammation, might mediate this association. Yet, even though these risk factors tend to co-occur, they have mostly been investigated separately, making it difficult to establish their joint contribution to gray matter volume structure in aging. Here, we therefore aimed to determine a metabolic profile of obesity that takes into account different anthropometric and metabolic measures to explain differences in gray matter volume in aging. We included 748 elderly, cognitively healthy participants (age range: 60 - 79 years, BMI range: 17 - 42 kg/m2) of the LIFE-Adult Study. All participants had complete information on body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, glycated hemoglobin, total blood cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, adiponectin and leptin. Voxelwise gray matter volume was extracted from T1-weighted images acquired on a 3T Siemens MRI scanner. We used partial least squares correlation to extract latent variables with maximal covariance between anthropometric, metabolic and gray matter volume and applied permutation/bootstrapping and cross-validation to test significance and reliability of the result. We further explored the association of the latent variables with cognitive performance. Permutation tests and cross-validation indicated that the first pair of latent variables was significant and reliable. The metabolic profile was driven by negative contributions from body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, glycated hemoglobin, C-reactive protein and leptin and a positive contribution from adiponectin. It positively covaried with gray matter volume in temporal, frontal and occipital lobe as well as subcortical regions and cerebellum. This result shows that a metabolic profile characterized by high body fat, visceral adiposity and systemic inflammation is associated with reduced gray matter volume and potentially reduced executive function in older adults. We observed the highest contributions for body weight and fat mass, which indicates that factors underlying sustained energy imbalance, like sedentary lifestyle or intake of energy-dense food, might be important determinants of gray matter structure in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Beyer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Subproject A1, CRC 1052 “Obesity Mechanisms”, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shahrzad Kharabian Masouleh
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias L. Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Röhr
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi G. Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Subproject A1, CRC 1052 “Obesity Mechanisms”, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A. Veronica Witte
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Subproject A1, CRC 1052 “Obesity Mechanisms”, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Johnson NF, Gold BT, Ross D, Bailey AL, Clasey JL, Gupta V, Leung SW, Powell DK. Non-fasting High-Density Lipoprotein Is Associated With White Matter Microstructure in Healthy Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:100. [PMID: 31133843 PMCID: PMC6513892 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that biomarkers of cardiovascular risk may be related to cerebral health. However, little is known about the role that non-fasting lipoproteins play in assessing age-related declines in a cerebral biomarker sensitive to vascular compromise, white matter (WM) microstructure. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is atheroprotective and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a major atherogenic lipoprotein. This study explored the relationships between non-fasting levels of cholesterol and WM microstructure in healthy older adults. A voxelwise and region of interest approach was used to determine the relationship between cholesterol and fractional anisotropy (FA). Participants included 87 older adults between the ages of 59 and 77 (mean age = 65.5 years, SD = 3.9). Results indicated that higher HDL-C was associated with higher FA in diffuse regions of the brain when controlling for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). HDL-C was also positively associated with FA in the corpus callosum and fornix. No relationship was observed between LDL-C and FA. Findings suggest that a modifiable lifestyle variable associated with cardiovascular health may help to preserve cerebral WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan F Johnson
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Brian T Gold
- Neuroscience Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Dorothy Ross
- Clinical Services Core, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Alison L Bailey
- Erlanger Heart and Lung Institute, University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, United States
| | - Jody L Clasey
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Vedant Gupta
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Steve W Leung
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - David K Powell
- Neuroscience Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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16
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Gray matter reduction related to decreased serum creatinine and increased triglyceride, Hemoglobin A1C, and low-density lipoprotein in subjects with obesity. Neuroradiology 2019; 61:703-710. [PMID: 31011773 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-019-02202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Altered brain volume and metabolic variables have been found in subjects with obesity. However, the role of metabolic parameters in gray matter volume (GMV) has been poorly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the metabolic parameters and brain volume in subjects with obesity. METHODS Thirty-seven subjects with obesity and 39 age and sex matched normal-weight controls were included in this study. Eighteen of the 37 participants who underwent sleeve gastrectomy were included in the longitudinal analysis. Blood samples and high-resolution 3T T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were collected. Metabolic parameters in plasma and GMV were measured. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gray matter reduction in several cognition-related cortices including right angular gyrus, superior occipital cortex, superior parietal cortex, and cerebellum was related to decreased creatinine, as well as increased triglyceride, HbA1c, and low-density lipoprotein in plasma in subjects with obesity. Weight loss after the surgery induced significant recovery of altered metabolic parameters and decreased gray matter volume. Furthermore, changes in the four metabolic parameters before and after the surgery were associated with changes in gray matter volume. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the gray matter reduction is related to decreased creatinine as well as increased triglyceride, HbA1c, and low-density lipoprotein in plasma in subjects with obesity.
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17
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Kinno R, Mori Y, Kubota S, Nomoto S, Futamura A, Shiromaru A, Kuroda T, Yano S, Ishigaki S, Murakami H, Baba Y, Ono K. High serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol is associated with memory function and gyrification of insular and frontal opercular cortex in an elderly memory-clinic population. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 22:101746. [PMID: 30856540 PMCID: PMC6411909 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The issue of whether serum lipid marker values are cognitively and neurologically significant for elderly individuals attending a memory clinic has been controversial. We investigated the associations of serum lipid markers with the memory function and cortical structure in 52 patients aged ≥75 years who had attended our memory clinic based on their subjective memory complaints. None had a history of medication for hyperlipidemia. The Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) was administered to all patients for the assessment of their memory function. Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and triglyceride (TG) were measured for each patient. Surface-based morphometry (SBM) was performed for the calculation of each patient's cortical thickness and gyrification index based on structural MRI data. Our analyses revealed that the serum HDLC level was positively and significantly correlated with the WMS-R subtests of visual paired associates I/II and logical memory I (p < 0.05). The serum TG level was negatively correlated with the logical memory I subtest. The SBM results showed positive correlations between the serum HDLC level and the gyrification indices of the bilateral insular and frontal opercular cortices, and those two gyrification indices were positively correlated with the logical memory I and visual paired associates I/II. These results suggest that in these elderly patients, a high serum HDLC level was associated with not only preserved memory function but also gyrification of the insular and frontal opercular cortex. We conclude that elderly individuals' serum lipid markers should be carefully assessed in memory clinic settings, because serum HDLC may be a biomarker for memory function and cortical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Kinno
- Department of Neurology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka Aoba-ku, Yokohama-Shi, Kanagawa 227-8501, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Mori
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Satomi Kubota
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Shohei Nomoto
- Department of Neurology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka Aoba-ku, Yokohama-Shi, Kanagawa 227-8501, Japan
| | - Akinori Futamura
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Azusa Shiromaru
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuroda
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yano
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Ishigaki
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, 35-1 Chigasaki-chuo Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama-Shi, Kanagawa 224-8503, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Murakami
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Baba
- Department of Neurology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka Aoba-ku, Yokohama-Shi, Kanagawa 227-8501, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan.
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18
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Administration of Downstream ApoE Attenuates the Adverse Effect of Brain ABCA1 Deficiency on Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113368. [PMID: 30373276 PMCID: PMC6274914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter member A1 (ABCA1) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) are major cholesterol transporters that play important roles in cholesterol homeostasis in the brain. Previous research demonstrated that specific deletion of brain-ABCA1 (ABCA1-B/-B) reduced brain grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) density in the ischemic brain and decreased functional outcomes after stroke. However, the downstream molecular mechanism underlying brain ABCA1-deficiency-induced deficits after stroke is not fully understood. Adult male ABCA1-B/-B and ABCA1-floxed control mice were subjected to distal middle-cerebral artery occlusion and were intraventricularly infused with artificial mouse cerebrospinal fluid as vehicle control or recombinant human ApoE2 into the ischemic brain starting 24 h after stroke for 14 days. The ApoE/apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and GM/WM remodeling and functional outcome were measured. Although ApoE2 increased brain ApoE/HDL levels and GM/WM density, negligible functional improvement was observed in ABCA1-floxed-stroke mice. ApoE2-administered ABCA1-B/-B stroke mice exhibited elevated levels of brain ApoE/ApoER2/HDL, increased GM/WM density, and neurogenesis in both the ischemic ipsilateral and contralateral brain, as well as improved neurological function compared with the vehicle-control ABCA1-B/-B stroke mice 14 days after stroke. Ischemic lesion volume was not significantly different between the two groups. In vitro supplementation of ApoE2 into primary cortical neurons and primary oligodendrocyte-progenitor cells (OPCs) significantly increased ApoER2 expression and enhanced cholesterol uptake. ApoE2 promoted neurite outgrowth after oxygen-glucose deprivation and axonal outgrowth of neurons, and increased proliferation/survival of OPCs derived from ABCA1-B/-B mice. Our data indicate that administration of ApoE2 minimizes the adverse effects of ABCA1 deficiency after stroke, at least partially by promoting cholesterol traffic/redistribution and GM/WM remodeling via increasing the ApoE/HDL/ApoER2 signaling pathway.
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19
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Huang CW, Hsu SW, Chang YT, Huang SH, Huang YC, Lee CC, Chang WN, Lui CC, Chen NC, Chang CC. Cerebral Perfusion Insufficiency and Relationships with Cognitive Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease: A Multiparametric Neuroimaging Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1541. [PMID: 29367598 PMCID: PMC5784155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro- or macro-circulatory insufficiency has a negative impact in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study used arterial spin-labeled magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) and ethylcysteinate dimer single-photon emission computed tomography (ECD-SPECT) in 50 patients with AD and 30 age-matched controls to investigate how hypoperfusion patterns were associated with gray matter atrophy and clinical data. All participants completed 3DT1-MRI, ECD-SPECT and ASL-MRI examinations. Medial temporal cortex (MTC) volumes were correlated with regional signals showing significantly lower relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in ASL-MRI or perfusion index (PI) in ECD-SPECT. Neurobehavioral scores served as the outcome measures. Regions with lower PI showed spatial similarities with atrophy in the medial, anterior and superior temporal lobes, posterior cingulate cortex and angular gyrus, while regions showing lower rCBF were localized to the distal branches of posterior cerebral artery territories (posterior parietal and inferior temporal lobe) and watershed areas (angular gyrus, precuneus, posterior cingulate gyrus and middle frontal cortex). rCBF values in watershed areas correlated with MTC volumes and language composite scores. Precuneus and angular gyrus hypoperfusion were associated with the corresponding cortical atrophy. Macro- or micro-vasculature perfusion integrities and cortical atrophy determined the overall perfusion imaging topography and contributed differently to the clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hua Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chang Lee
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Neng Chang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chung Lui
- Department of Radiology, Division of medical imaging, E-Da Cancer Hospital and I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Na-Ching Chen
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Chih Chang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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20
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Johnson SC, Koscik RL, Jonaitis EM, Clark LR, Mueller KD, Berman SE, Bendlin BB, Engelman CD, Okonkwo OC, Hogan KJ, Asthana S, Carlsson CM, Hermann BP, Sager MA. The Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention: A review of findings and current directions. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 10:130-142. [PMID: 29322089 PMCID: PMC5755749 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention is a longitudinal observational cohort study enriched with persons with a parental history (PH) of probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. Since late 2001, Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention has enrolled 1561 people at a mean baseline age of 54 years. Participants return for a second visit 4 years after baseline, and subsequent visits occur every 2 years. Eighty-one percent (1270) of participants remain active in the study at a current mean age of 64 and 9 years of follow-up. Serially assessed cognition, self-reported medical and lifestyle histories (e.g., diet, physical and cognitive activity, sleep, and mood), laboratory tests, genetics, and linked studies comprising molecular imaging, structural imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid data have yielded many important findings. In this cohort, PH of probable AD is associated with 46% apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 positivity, more than twice the rate of 22% among persons without PH. Subclinical or worse cognitive decline relative to internal normative data has been observed in 17.6% of the cohort. Twenty-eight percent exhibit amyloid and/or tau positivity. Biomarker elevations, but not APOE or PH status, are associated with cognitive decline. Salutary health and lifestyle factors are associated with better cognition and brain structure and lower AD pathophysiologic burden. Of paramount importance is establishing the amyloid and tau AD endophenotypes to which cognitive outcomes can be linked. Such data will provide new knowledge on the early temporal course of AD pathophysiology and inform the design of secondary prevention clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison WI, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Koscik
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erin M. Jonaitis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lindsay R. Clark
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison WI, USA
| | - Kimberly D. Mueller
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sara E. Berman
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Corinne D. Engelman
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kirk J. Hogan
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison WI, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison WI, USA
| | - Bruce P. Hermann
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark A. Sager
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Wang R, Chen Z, Fu Y, Wei X, Liao J, Liu X, He B, Xu Y, Zou J, Yang X, Weng R, Tan S, McElroy C, Jin K, Wang Q. Plasma Cystatin C and High-Density Lipoprotein Are Important Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:26. [PMID: 28223934 PMCID: PMC5294921 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Cystatin C (Cys C) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) play critical roles in neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). However, whether they can be used as reliable biomarkers to distinguish patients with dementia from healthy subjects and to determine disease severity remain largely unknown. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine plasma Cys C and HDL levels of 88 patients with dementia (43 AD patients, 45 VaD patients) and 45 healthy age-matched controls. The severity of dementia was determined based on the Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale, the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), the Lawton Instrumental ADL (IADL) Scale, and the Hachinski Ischemia Scale (Hachinski). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to determine the diagnostic accuracy of Cys C and HDL levels in distinguishing patients with dementia from healthy subjects. Results: We found that plasma Cys C levels were higher, but HDL levels were lower in AD and VaD patients respectively, compared to healthy control subjects. Yet, Cys C levels were highest among patients with VaD. Interestingly, plasma Cys C levels were significantly correlated with IADL Scale scores. In addition, the ROC curves for Cys C (area under the curve, AUC 0.816 for AD, AUC 0.841 for VaD) and HDL (AUC 0.800 for AD, AUC 0.731 for VaD) exhibited potential diagnostic value in distinguishing AD/VaD patients from healthy subjects. While the ROC curve for the combination of Cys C and HDL (AUC 0.873 for AD, AUC 0.897 for VaD) showed higher diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing AD/VaD patients from healthy subjects than the separate curves for each parameter. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the inflammatory mediators Cys C and HDL may play important roles in the pathogenesis of dementia, and plasma Cys C and HDL levels may be useful screening tools for differentiating AD/VaD patients from healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyu Chen
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Fu
- Departments of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Wei
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinchi Liao
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingjun He
- Departments of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunqi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Departments of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruihui Weng
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Tan
- Departments of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Christopher McElroy
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and DiseaseGuangzhou, China
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22
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Bates KA, Sohrabi HR, Rainey-Smith SR, Weinborn M, Bucks RS, Rodrigues M, Beilby J, Howard M, Taddei K, Martins G, Paton A, Shah T, Dhaliwal SS, Foster JK, Martins IJ, Lautenschlager NT, Mastaglia FL, Gandy SE, Martins RN. Serum high-density lipoprotein is associated with better cognitive function in a cross-sectional study of aging women. Int J Neurosci 2016; 127:243-252. [PMID: 27113638 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2016.1182527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim of the study: Poor cardiovascular health, including obesity and altered lipid profiles at mid-life, are linked to increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The biological mechanisms linking cardiovascular health and cognitive function are unclear though are likely to be multifactorial. This study examined the association between various lipoproteins and cognitive functioning in ageing women. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the relationship between readily available biomarkers (i.e. serum lipoprotein) and cognitive decline in domains associated with increased risk of AD (e.g. episodic verbal memory performance and subjective memory complaint). We report cross-sectional data investigating the relationship between serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein with verbal memory and learning ability in 130 women with and without memory complaints (n = 71 and 59, respectively) drawn from a study investigating cognitively healthy Western Australians (average age 62.5 years old). RESULTS After statistical modelling that controlled for the effects of age, depression and apolipoprotein E genotype, HDL-C was significantly associated with better verbal learning and memory performance, specifically short and long delay-free recalls (F = 3.062; p < .05 and F = 3.2670; p < .05, respectively). CONCLUSION Our cross-sectional findings suggest that the positive effect of HDL-C on verbal memory may be present much earlier than previously reported and provide further support for the role of HDL-C in healthy brain ageing. Further exploration of the protective effect of HDL-C on cognitive function in ageing is warranted through follow-up, longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyn A Bates
- a School of Medical and Health Sciences , Edith Cowan University , Joondalup , Australia.,b The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation , Nedlands , Australia.,c M650 School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Hamid R Sohrabi
- a School of Medical and Health Sciences , Edith Cowan University , Joondalup , Australia.,b The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation , Nedlands , Australia.,c M650 School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia.,d Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health , Carlton , Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- a School of Medical and Health Sciences , Edith Cowan University , Joondalup , Australia.,b The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation , Nedlands , Australia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- a School of Medical and Health Sciences , Edith Cowan University , Joondalup , Australia.,b The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation , Nedlands , Australia.,e M347 School of Psychology, The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- e M347 School of Psychology, The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Mark Rodrigues
- a School of Medical and Health Sciences , Edith Cowan University , Joondalup , Australia.,b The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation , Nedlands , Australia
| | - John Beilby
- f M576 School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia.,g PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA , Nedlands , Australia
| | - Matthew Howard
- a School of Medical and Health Sciences , Edith Cowan University , Joondalup , Australia
| | - Kevin Taddei
- a School of Medical and Health Sciences , Edith Cowan University , Joondalup , Australia.,b The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation , Nedlands , Australia
| | - Georgia Martins
- a School of Medical and Health Sciences , Edith Cowan University , Joondalup , Australia.,b The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation , Nedlands , Australia
| | - Athena Paton
- a School of Medical and Health Sciences , Edith Cowan University , Joondalup , Australia
| | - Tejal Shah
- b The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation , Nedlands , Australia
| | | | - Jonathan K Foster
- i School of Psychology and Speech Pathology , Curtin University of Technology , Perth , Australia
| | - Ian J Martins
- a School of Medical and Health Sciences , Edith Cowan University , Joondalup , Australia.,b The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation , Nedlands , Australia
| | - Nicola T Lautenschlager
- c M650 School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia.,j Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St Vincent's Health, Department of Psychiatry , University of Melbourne , Kew , Australia.,k M577 WA Centre for Health and Aging , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Frank L Mastaglia
- l Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases , Murdoch University , Murdoch , Australia
| | - Samuel E Gandy
- m Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry and the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , United States
| | - Ralph N Martins
- a School of Medical and Health Sciences , Edith Cowan University , Joondalup , Australia.,b The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation , Nedlands , Australia.,c M650 School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences , The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
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23
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Salminen LE, Schofield PR, Pierce KD, Luo X, Zhao Y, Laidlaw DH, Cabeen RP, Conturo TE, Lane EM, Heaps JM, Bolzenius JD, Baker LM, Cooley SA, Scott S, Cagle LM, Paul RH. Genetic markers of cholesterol transport and gray matter diffusion: a preliminary study of the CETP I405V polymorphism. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 122:1581-92. [PMID: 26253899 PMCID: PMC4618053 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Variations of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein polymorphism (CETP I405V/rs5882) have been associated with an increased risk for neurodegeneration, particularly when examined in conjunction with the epsilon 4 isoform of apolipoprotein E (ApoE4). Despite these identified relationships, the impact of I405V on gray matter microstructure remains unknown. The present study examined the impact of the CETP I405V polymorphism on gray matter integrity among 52 healthy adults between ages 51 and 85. Gray matter was measured bilaterally using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD). Participants were grouped according to a dominant statistical model (II genotype vs. IV/VV genotypes) and secondary analyses were completed to examine the interactive effects of CETP and ApoE4 on DTI metrics. Compared to individuals with the IV/VV genotypes, II homozygotes demonstrated significantly higher MD in bilateral temporal, parietal, and occipital gray matter. Secondary analyses revealed higher FA and AD in the left temporal lobe of IV/VV genotypes with an ApoE4 allele. Our results provide preliminary evidence that CETP II homozygosity is a predisposing risk factor for gray matter abnormalities in posterior brain regions in healthy older adults, independent of an ApoE4 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Salminen
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., Stadler Hall 442A, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA.
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street Randwick, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Kerrie D Pierce
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street Randwick, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - David H Laidlaw
- Computer Science Department, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Ryan P Cabeen
- Computer Science Department, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Thomas E Conturo
- Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, 510 S. Kingshighway, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Lane
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jodi M Heaps
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, 4633 World Parkway Circle, Berkeley, MO, 63134-3115, USA
| | - Jacob D Bolzenius
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., Stadler Hall 442A, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Laurie M Baker
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., Stadler Hall 442A, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Sarah A Cooley
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., Stadler Hall 442A, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Staci Scott
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, 4633 World Parkway Circle, Berkeley, MO, 63134-3115, USA
| | - Lee M Cagle
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., Stadler Hall 442A, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Robert H Paul
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., Stadler Hall 442A, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, 4633 World Parkway Circle, Berkeley, MO, 63134-3115, USA
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24
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Altered activation of innate immunity associates with white matter volume and diffusion in first-episode psychosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125112. [PMID: 25970596 PMCID: PMC4430522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
First-episode psychosis (FEP) is associated with inflammatory and brain structural changes, but few studies have investigated whether systemic inflammation associates with brain structural changes in FEP. Thirty-seven FEP patients (median 27 days on antipsychotic medication), and 19 matched controls were recruited. Serum levels of 38 chemokines and cytokines, and cardiovascular risk markers were measured at baseline and 2 months later. We collected T1- and diffusion-weighted MRIs with a 3 T scanner from the patients at baseline. We analyzed the association of psychosis-related inflammatory markers with gray and white matter (WM) volume using voxel-based morphometry and WM diffusion using tract-based spatial statistics with whole-brain and region-of-interest (ROI) analyses. FEP patients had higher CCL22 and lower TGFα, CXCL1, CCL7, IFN-α2 and ApoA-I than controls. CCL22 decreased significantly between baseline and 2 months in patients but was still higher than in controls. The association between inflammatory markers and FEP remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, smoking and BMI. We did not observe a correlation of inflammatory markers with any symptoms or duration of antipsychotic treatment. Baseline CCL22 levels correlated negatively with WM volume and positively with mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity bilaterally in the frontal lobes in ROI analyses. Decreased serum level of ApoA-I was associated with smaller volume of the medial temporal WM. In whole-brain analyses, CCL22 correlated positively with mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity, and CXCL1 associated negatively with fractional anisotropy and positively with mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity in several brain regions. This is the first report to demonstrate an association between circulating chemokine levels and WM in FEP patients. Interestingly, CCL22 has been previously implicated in autoimmune diseases associated with WM pathology. The results suggest that an altered activation of innate immunity may contribute to WM damage in psychotic disorders.
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25
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Scudder MR, Khan NA, Lambourne K, Drollette ES, Herrmann SD, Betts JL, Washburn RA, Donnelly JE, Hillman CH. Cognitive control in preadolescent children with risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Health Psychol 2015; 34:243-52. [PMID: 25133829 PMCID: PMC4335307 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between cognitive control and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors in preadolescent children while controlling for aerobic fitness and weight status. METHODS Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted using aerobic fitness, demographic, and MetS risk-factor variables in a sample of 2nd- and 3rd-grade children (n = 139) who performed a modified version of a flanker task to assess cognitive control. Flanker performance was also compared between children that met no MetS risk-factor criteria (n = 70), and children who met 1 criterion or more (n = 69). RESULTS Regression analyses indicated that after controlling for demographic variables and fitness, HDL cholesterol exhibited an independent negative association with flanker reaction time (RT). Group comparisons further revealed that children with no risk factors demonstrated overall shorter RT than the at-risk group. In addition, at-risk children exhibited larger accuracy-interference scores (i.e., poorer performance) for the more difficult conditions of the flanker task that required the up-regulation of cognitive control to meet elevated task demands. CONCLUSIONS These findings are consonant with the previous literature reporting a beneficial influence of aerobic fitness on cognitive control, and reveal new evidence that children without risk factors for MetS exhibit better inhibitory control and increased cognitive flexibility than do at-risk children. In addition to aerobic fitness, these risk factors may serve as important biomarkers for understanding the potential cognitive implications of MetS risk in younger generations.
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26
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Archibald SL, McCutchan JA, Sanders C, Wolfson T, Jernigan TL, Ellis RJ, Ances BM, Collier AC, McArthur JC, Morgello S, Simpson DM, Marra C, Gelman BB, Clifford DB, Grant I, Fennema-Notestine C. Brain morphometric correlates of metabolic variables in HIV: the CHARTER study. J Neurovirol 2014; 20:603-11. [PMID: 25227933 PMCID: PMC4268263 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-014-0284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and other metabolic variables are associated with abnormal brain structural volumes and cognitive dysfunction in HIV-uninfected populations. Since individuals with HIV infection on combined antiretroviral therapy (CART) often have systemic metabolic abnormalities and changes in brain morphology and function, we examined associations among brain volumes and metabolic factors in the multisite CNS HIV AntiRetroviral Therapy Effects Research (CHARTER) cohort, cross-sectional study of 222 HIV-infected individuals. Metabolic variables included body mass index (BMI), total blood cholesterol (C), low- and high-density lipoprotein C (LDL-C and HDL-C), blood pressure, random blood glucose, and diabetes. MRI measured volumes of cerebral white matter, abnormal white matter, cortical and subcortical gray matter, and ventricular and sulcal CSF. Multiple linear regression models allowed us to examine metabolic variables separately and in combination to predict each regional volume. Greater BMI was associated with smaller cortical gray and larger white matter volumes. Higher total cholesterol (C) levels were associated with smaller cortex volumes; higher LDL-C was associated with larger cerebral white matter volumes, while higher HDL-C levels were associated with larger sulci. Higher blood glucose levels and diabetes were associated with more abnormal white matter. Multiple atherogenic metabolic factors contribute to regional brain volumes in HIV-infected, CART-treated patients, reflecting associations similar to those found in HIV-uninfected individuals. These risk factors may accelerate cerebral atherosclerosis and consequent brain alterations and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Archibald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0949, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0949, USA,
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27
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Villeneuve S, Reed BR, Madison CM, Wirth M, Marchant NL, Kriger S, Mack WJ, Sanossian N, DeCarli C, Chui HC, Weiner MW, Jagust WJ. Vascular risk and Aβ interact to reduce cortical thickness in AD vulnerable brain regions. Neurology 2014; 83:40-7. [PMID: 24907234 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to define whether vascular risk factors interact with β-amyloid (Aβ) in producing changes in brain structure that could underlie the increased risk of Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS Sixty-six cognitively normal and mildly impaired older individuals with a wide range of vascular risk factors were included in this study. The presence of Aβ was assessed using [(11)C]Pittsburgh compound B-PET imaging, and cortical thickness was measured using 3-tesla MRI. Vascular risk was measured with the Framingham Coronary Risk Profile Index. RESULTS Individuals with high levels of vascular risk factors have thinner frontotemporal cortex independent of Aβ. These frontotemporal regions are also affected in individuals with Aβ deposition, but the latter show additional thinning in parietal cortices. Aβ and vascular risk were found to interact in posterior (especially in parietal) brain regions, where Aβ has its greatest effect. In this way, the negative effect of Aβ in posterior regions is increased by the presence of vascular risk. CONCLUSION Aβ and vascular risk interact to enhance cortical thinning in posterior brain regions that are particularly vulnerable to AD. These findings give insight concerning the mechanisms whereby vascular risk increases the likelihood of developing AD and supports the therapeutic intervention of controlling vascular risk for the prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Villeneuve
- From the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (S.V., C.M.M., M.W., W.J.J.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Neurology (B.R.R., C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Old Age Psychiatry (N.L.M.), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.K., M.W.W.), University of California San Francisco; and Departments of Preventive Medicine (W.J.M.) and Neurology (N.S., H.C.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
| | - Bruce R Reed
- From the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (S.V., C.M.M., M.W., W.J.J.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Neurology (B.R.R., C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Old Age Psychiatry (N.L.M.), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.K., M.W.W.), University of California San Francisco; and Departments of Preventive Medicine (W.J.M.) and Neurology (N.S., H.C.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Cindee M Madison
- From the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (S.V., C.M.M., M.W., W.J.J.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Neurology (B.R.R., C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Old Age Psychiatry (N.L.M.), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.K., M.W.W.), University of California San Francisco; and Departments of Preventive Medicine (W.J.M.) and Neurology (N.S., H.C.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Miranka Wirth
- From the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (S.V., C.M.M., M.W., W.J.J.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Neurology (B.R.R., C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Old Age Psychiatry (N.L.M.), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.K., M.W.W.), University of California San Francisco; and Departments of Preventive Medicine (W.J.M.) and Neurology (N.S., H.C.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Natalie L Marchant
- From the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (S.V., C.M.M., M.W., W.J.J.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Neurology (B.R.R., C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Old Age Psychiatry (N.L.M.), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.K., M.W.W.), University of California San Francisco; and Departments of Preventive Medicine (W.J.M.) and Neurology (N.S., H.C.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Stephen Kriger
- From the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (S.V., C.M.M., M.W., W.J.J.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Neurology (B.R.R., C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Old Age Psychiatry (N.L.M.), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.K., M.W.W.), University of California San Francisco; and Departments of Preventive Medicine (W.J.M.) and Neurology (N.S., H.C.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Wendy J Mack
- From the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (S.V., C.M.M., M.W., W.J.J.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Neurology (B.R.R., C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Old Age Psychiatry (N.L.M.), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.K., M.W.W.), University of California San Francisco; and Departments of Preventive Medicine (W.J.M.) and Neurology (N.S., H.C.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Nerses Sanossian
- From the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (S.V., C.M.M., M.W., W.J.J.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Neurology (B.R.R., C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Old Age Psychiatry (N.L.M.), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.K., M.W.W.), University of California San Francisco; and Departments of Preventive Medicine (W.J.M.) and Neurology (N.S., H.C.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Charles DeCarli
- From the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (S.V., C.M.M., M.W., W.J.J.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Neurology (B.R.R., C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Old Age Psychiatry (N.L.M.), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.K., M.W.W.), University of California San Francisco; and Departments of Preventive Medicine (W.J.M.) and Neurology (N.S., H.C.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Helena C Chui
- From the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (S.V., C.M.M., M.W., W.J.J.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Neurology (B.R.R., C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Old Age Psychiatry (N.L.M.), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.K., M.W.W.), University of California San Francisco; and Departments of Preventive Medicine (W.J.M.) and Neurology (N.S., H.C.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Michael W Weiner
- From the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (S.V., C.M.M., M.W., W.J.J.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Neurology (B.R.R., C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Old Age Psychiatry (N.L.M.), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.K., M.W.W.), University of California San Francisco; and Departments of Preventive Medicine (W.J.M.) and Neurology (N.S., H.C.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - William J Jagust
- From the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (S.V., C.M.M., M.W., W.J.J.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Neurology (B.R.R., C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Old Age Psychiatry (N.L.M.), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.K., M.W.W.), University of California San Francisco; and Departments of Preventive Medicine (W.J.M.) and Neurology (N.S., H.C.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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Onyewuenyi IC, Muldoon MF, Christie IC, Erickson KI, Gianaros PJ. Basal ganglia morphology links the metabolic syndrome and depressive symptoms. Physiol Behav 2013; 123:214-22. [PMID: 24096008 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors that are often comorbid with depressive symptoms. Individual components of the MetS also covary with the morphology of basal ganglia regions that are altered by depression. However, it remains unknown whether the covariation between the MetS and depressive symptomatology can be accounted for in part by morphological changes in the basal ganglia. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that increased depressive symptoms among individuals with the MetS might be statistically mediated by reduced gray matter volume in basal ganglia regions. The presence of the MetS was determined in 147 middle-aged adults using the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III. Basal ganglia volumes were determined on an a priori basis by automated segmentation of high-resolution magnetic resonance images. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire. Even after controlling for demographic and other confounding factors, having the MetS and meeting more MetS criteria covaried with reduced globus pallidus volume. Meeting more MetS criteria and reduced pallidal volume were also related to depressive symptoms. Moreover, the MetS-depression association was statistically mediated by pallidal volume. In summary, reduced globus pallidus volume is a neural correlate of the MetS that may partly account for its association with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu C Onyewuenyi
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 3131 Sennott Square, 210 South Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
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Titova OE, Sjögren P, Brooks SJ, Kullberg J, Ax E, Kilander L, Riserus U, Cederholm T, Larsson EM, Johansson L, Ahlström H, Lind L, Schiöth HB, Benedict C. Dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids is linked to gray matter volume and cognitive function in elderly. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1495-1505. [PMID: 22791395 PMCID: PMC3705118 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we tested whether elderly with a high dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) would have higher cognitive test scores and greater brain volume than those with low dietary intake of these fatty acids. Data were obtained from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) cohort. The dietary intake of EPA and DHA was determined by a 7-day food protocol in 252 cognitively healthy elderly (122 females) at the age of 70 years. At age 75, participants' global cognitive function was examined, and their brain volumes were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Three different multivariate linear regression models were applied to test our hypothesis: model A (adjusted for gender and age), model B (additionally controlled for lifestyle factors, e.g., education), and model C (further controlled for cardiometabolic factors, e.g., systolic blood pressure). We found that the self-reported 7-day dietary intake of EPA and DHA at the age of 70 years was positively associated with global gray matter volume (P < 0.05, except for model C) and increased global cognitive performance score (P < 0.05). However, no significant associations were observed between the dietary intake of EPA and DHA and global white matter, total brain volume, and regional gray matter, respectively. Further, no effects were observed when examining cognitively impaired (n = 27) elderly as separate analyses. These cross-sectional findings suggest that dietary intake of EPA and DHA may be linked to improved cognitive health in late life but must be confirmed in patient studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga E. Titova
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Sjögren
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Section of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erika Ax
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Section of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Riserus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Section of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Section of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Lars Johansson
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Braskie MN, Toga AW, Thompson PM. Recent advances in imaging Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 33 Suppl 1:S313-27. [PMID: 22672880 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2012-129016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Advances in brain imaging technology in the past five years have contributed greatly to the understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we review recent research related to amyloid imaging, new methods for magnetic resonance imaging analyses, and statistical methods. We also review research that evaluates AD risk factors and brain imaging, in the context of AD prediction and progression. We selected a variety of illustrative studies, describing how they advanced the field and are leading AD research in promising new directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith N Braskie
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7334, USA
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Krishnadas R, McLean J, Batty DG, Burns H, Deans KA, Ford I, McConnachie A, McGinty A, McLean JS, Millar K, Sattar N, Shiels PG, Velupillai YN, Packard CJ, Cavanagh J. Cardio-metabolic risk factors and cortical thickness in a neurologically healthy male population: Results from the psychological, social and biological determinants of ill health (pSoBid) study. Neuroimage Clin 2013; 2:646-57. [PMID: 24179815 PMCID: PMC3777783 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardio-metabolic risk factors have been associated with poor physical and mental health. Epidemiological studies have shown peripheral risk markers to be associated with poor cognitive functioning in normal healthy population and in disease. The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between cardio-metabolic risk factors and cortical thickness in a neurologically healthy middle aged population-based sample. METHODS T1-weighted MRI was used to create models of the cortex for calculation of regional cortical thickness in 40 adult males (average age = 50.96 years), selected from the pSoBid study. The relationship between cardio-vascular risk markers and cortical thickness across the whole brain, was examined using the general linear model. The relationship with various covariates of interest was explored. RESULTS Lipid fractions with greater triglyceride content (TAG, VLDL and LDL) were associated with greater cortical thickness pertaining to a number of regions in the brain. Greater C reactive protein (CRP) and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) levels were associated with cortical thinning pertaining to perisylvian regions in the left hemisphere. Smoking status and education status were significant covariates in the model. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory study adds to a small body of existing literature increasingly showing a relationship between cardio-metabolic risk markers and regional cortical thickness involving a number of regions in the brain in a neurologically normal middle aged sample. A focused investigation of factors determining the inter-individual variations in regional cortical thickness in the adult brain could provide further clarity in our understanding of the relationship between cardio-metabolic factors and cortical structures.
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Key Words
- Apo, apolipoprotien
- BMI, body mass index
- CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness
- CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein
- Cardiovascular risk
- Cholesterol
- Cortical thickness
- ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule-1
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- Inflammation
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- Metabolic risk
- PCA, principal component analysis
- SIMD, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation
- TAG, triglycerides
- pSoBid, psychological, social and biological determinants of ill health
- tPA, tissue plasminogen activator
- vWF, von Willebrand factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Krishnadas
- Sackler Institute of Psychobiological Research, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - John McLean
- Sackler Institute of Psychobiological Research, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - David G. Batty
- Medical Research Council Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
- Clinical Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, England, UK
| | - Harry Burns
- Scottish Government, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Kevin A. Deans
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Alex McConnachie
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Agnes McGinty
- Glasgow Clinical Research Facility, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Keith Millar
- Sackler Institute of Psychobiological Research, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Paul G. Shiels
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- Sackler Institute of Psychobiological Research, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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Yates KF, Sweat V, Yau PL, Turchiano MM, Convit A. Impact of metabolic syndrome on cognition and brain: a selected review of the literature. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2060-7. [PMID: 22895667 PMCID: PMC3442257 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.252759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a clustering of risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, has been associated with cognitive dysfunction and brain abnormalities. This review describes the literature on the impact of MetS on brain and cognition and suggests directions for future research. A literature search for reports of MetS and cognition and brain imaging was conducted for both nonelderly adults and adolescents. No studies were found describing MetS and brain or cognition among adolescents; therefore, we also included studies investigating individual components of MetS in this age group. Most studies found associations between MetS and cognitive dysfunction. Multiple cognitive domains were affected by MetS in adults. In adolescents, the majority of findings were in executive functioning. Brain imaging literature in adults implicated MetS in ischemic stroke, white matter alterations, and altered brain metabolism. For adolescents, individual MetS factors were linked to volume losses in the hippocampus and frontal lobes. MetS negatively impacts cognitive performance and brain structure. Potential explanatory models include impaired vascular reactivity, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and abnormal brain lipid metabolism. We posit that insulin resistance-associated impairment in cerebrovascular reactivity is an important mechanism underlying brain deficits seen in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy F. Yates
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd., Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA
| | - Victoria Sweat
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Po Lai Yau
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Michael M. Turchiano
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Antonio Convit
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd., Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA
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Maudsley AA, Govind V, Arheart KL. Associations of age, gender and body mass with 1H MR-observed brain metabolites and tissue distributions. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 25:580-93. [PMID: 21858879 PMCID: PMC3313016 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports have indicated that a measure of adiposity, the body mass index (BMI), is associated with MR-observed brain metabolite concentrations and tissue volume measures. In addition to indicating possible associations between brain metabolism, BMI and cognitive function, the inclusion of BMI as an additional subject selection criterion could potentially improve the detection of metabolic and structural differences between subjects and study groups. In this study, a retrospective analysis of 140 volumetric MRSI datasets was carried out to investigate the value of including BMI in the subject selection relative to age and gender. The findings replicate earlier reports of strong associations of N-acetylaspartate, creatine, choline and gray matter with age and gender, with additional observations of slightly increased spectral linewidth with age and in female relative to male subjects. Associations of metabolite levels, linewidth and gray matter volume with BMI were also observed, although only in some regions. Using voxel-based analyses, it was also observed that the patterns of the relative changes of metabolites with BMI matched those of linewidth with BMI or weight, and that residual magnetic field inhomogeneity and measures of spectral quality were influenced by body weight. It is concluded that, although associations of metabolite levels and tissue distributions with BMI occur, these may be attributable to issues associated with data acquisition and analysis; however, an organic origin for these findings cannot be specifically excluded. There is, however, sufficient evidence to warrant the inclusion of body weight as a subject selection parameter, secondary to age, and as a factor in data analysis for MRS studies of some brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Maudsley
- Department of Radiology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Benedict C, Brooks SJ, Kullberg J, Burgos J, Kempton MJ, Nordenskjöld R, Nylander R, Kilander L, Craft S, Larsson EM, Johansson L, Ahlström H, Lind L, Schiöth HB. Impaired insulin sensitivity as indexed by the HOMA score is associated with deficits in verbal fluency and temporal lobe gray matter volume in the elderly. Diabetes Care 2012; 35:488-94. [PMID: 22301128 PMCID: PMC3322700 DOI: 10.2337/dc11-2075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impaired insulin sensitivity is linked to cognitive deficits and reduced brain size. However, it is not yet known whether insulin sensitivity involves regional changes in gray matter volume. Against this background, we examined the association between insulin sensitivity, cognitive performance, and regional gray matter volume in 285 cognitively healthy elderly men and women aged 75 years from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Insulin sensitivity was calculated from fasting serum insulin and plasma glucose determinations using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) method. Cognitive performance was examined by a categorical verbal fluency. Participants also underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan. Multivariate analysis using linear regression was conducted, controlling for potential confounders (sex, education, serum LDL cholesterol, mean arterial blood pressure, and abdominal visceral fat volume). RESULTS The HOMA-IR was negatively correlated with verbal fluency performance, brain size, and temporal lobe gray matter volume in regions known to be involved in speech production (Brodmann areas 21 and 22, respectively). No such effects were observed when examining diabetic (n = 55) and cognitively impaired (n = 27) elderly subjects as separate analyses. CONCLUSIONS These cross-sectional findings suggest that both pharmacologic and lifestyle interventions improving insulin signaling may promote brain health in late life but must be confirmed in patient studies.
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