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Wu R, Li X, Meng Z, Li P, He Z, Liang L. Phenotypic and genetic analysis of children with unexplained neurodevelopmental delay and neurodevelopmental comorbidities in a Chinese cohort using trio-based whole-exome sequencing. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:205. [PMID: 38764027 PMCID: PMC11103872 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03214-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trio-based whole-exome sequencing (trio-WES) enables identification of pathogenic variants, including copy-number variants (CNVs), in children with unexplained neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) and neurodevelopmental comorbidities (NDCs), including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), epilepsy, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Further phenotypic and genetic analysis on trio-WES-tested NDD-NDCs cases may help to identify key phenotypic factors related to higher diagnostic yield of using trio-WES and novel risk genes associated with NDCs in clinical settings. METHODS In this study, we retrospectively performed phenotypic analysis on 163 trio-WES-tested NDD-NDCs children to determine the phenotypic differences between genetically diagnosed and non-genetically diagnosed groups. Additionally, we conducted genetic analysis of ASD genes with the help of Simons Foundation for Autism Research Institute (SFARI) Gene database to identify novel possible ASD-risk genes underlying genetic NDD conditions. RESULTS Among these 163 patients, pathogenic variants were identified in 82 cases (82/163, 50.3%), including 20 cases with CNVs. By comparing phenotypic variables between genetically diagnosed group (82 cases) and non-genetically diagnosed group (81 cases) with multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, we revealed that NDD-NDCs cases presenting with severe-profound NDD [53/82 vs 17/81, adjusted-OR (95%CI): 4.865 (2.213 - 10.694), adjusted-P < 0.001] or having multiple NDCs [26/82 vs 8/81, adjusted-OR (95%CI): 3.731 (1.399 - 9.950), adjusted-P = 0.009] or accompanying ASD [64/82 vs 35/81, adjusted-OR (95%CI): 3.256 (1.479 - 7.168), adjusted-P = 0.003] and head circumference abnormality [33/82 vs 11/81, adjusted-OR (95%CI): 2.788 (1.148 - 6.774), adjusted-P = 0.024] were more likely to have a genetic diagnosis using trio-WES. Moreover, 37 genes with monogenetic variants were identified in 48 patients genetically diagnosed with NDD-ASD, and 15 dosage-sensitive genes were identified in 16 individuals with NDD-ASD carrying CNVs. Most of those genes had been proven to be ASD-related genes. However, some of them (9 genes) were not proven sufficiently to correlate with ASD. By literature review and constructing protein-protein interaction networks among these 9 candidate ASD-risk genes and 102 established ASD genes obtained from the SFARI Gene database, we identified CUL4B, KCNH1, and PLA2G6 as novel possible ASD-risk genes underlying genetic NDD conditions. CONCLUSIONS Trio-WES testing is recommended for patients with unexplained NDD-NDCs that have severe-profound NDD or multiple NDCs, particularly those with accompanying ASD and head circumference abnormality, as these independent factors may increase the likelihood of genetic diagnosis using trio-WES. Moreover, NDD patients with pathogenic variants in CUL4B, KCNH1 and PLA2G6 should be aware of potential risks of developing ASD during their disease courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohao Wu
- Department of Children's Neuro-endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Research and Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe Meng
- Department of Children's Neuro-endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Pinggan Li
- Department of Children's Neuro-endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Zhanwen He
- Department of Children's Neuro-endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
- Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510120, China.
| | - Liyang Liang
- Department of Children's Neuro-endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
- Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510120, China.
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Liu J, Tan J, Tang B, Guo J. Unveiling the role of iPLA 2β in neurodegeneration: From molecular mechanisms to advanced therapies. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107114. [PMID: 38395207 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Calcium-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β), a member of the phospholipase A2 (PLA2s) superfamily, is encoded by the PLA2G6 gene. Mutations in the PLA2G6 gene have been identified as the primary cause of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) and, less commonly, as a contributor to Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent studies have revealed that iPLA2β deficiency leads to neuroinflammation, iron accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid dysregulation, and other pathological changes, forming a complex pathogenic network. These discoveries shed light on potential mechanisms underlying PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) and offer valuable insights for therapeutic development. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental characteristics of iPLA2β, its association with neurodegeneration, the pathogenic mechanisms involved in PLAN, and potential targets for therapeutic intervention. It offers an overview of the latest advancements in this field, aiming to contribute to ongoing research endeavors and facilitate the development of effective therapies for PLAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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3
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Lyu Y, Wang T, Lin M, Qi F. A rare inherited homozygous missense variant in PLA2G6 influences susceptibility to infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy: a case report. Transl Pediatr 2024; 13:484-491. [PMID: 38590380 PMCID: PMC10998992 DOI: 10.21037/tp-23-568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is an ultra-rare early-onset autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder due to PLA2G6 variants. The clinical symptoms of INAD patients display considerable diversity, and many PLA2G6 variants are still not thoroughly investigated in relation to their associated clinical presentations. Case Description A 16-month-old boy was admitted to our hospital due to regression of acquired motor and speech abilities that had persisted for 4 months. The patient was born to a healthy consanguineous couple after 41 weeks of pregnancy and natural delivery. Before 12 months old, he had normal motor development milestones. On admission, he also showed astasia-abasia, weakness of distal muscles, and diminished patellar tendon reflex. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed cerebellar atrophy. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) indicated moderately severe hearing loss. With chromosome microarray analysis (CMA), we identified several copy number-neutral regions of runs of homozygosity (ROH) in the patient. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) further revealed that the patient harbored a homozygous missense variant NM_003560.2: c.1778C>T, p.Pro593Leu (rs1451486649) in the PLA2G6 gene. In the patient's asymptomatic parents and brother, the PLA2G6 c.1778C>T variant stayed in heterozygous status as confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The patient was finally diagnosed with INAD. Conclusions We report an INAD child with a rare PLA2G6 c.1778C>T homozygous missense variant and associated clinical symptoms. The family-based cosegregation analysis reveals that the PLA2G6 c.1778C>T homozygous variant contributes to the pathogenesis of INAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxue Lyu
- Department of Pediatric Health Care, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, Dian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Meifang Lin
- Department of Pediatric Health Care, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Fengfeng Qi
- Department of Pediatric Health Care, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, China
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Capadona J, Hoeferlin G, Grabinski S, Druschel L, Duncan J, Burkhart G, Weagraff G, Lee A, Hong C, Bambroo M, Olivares H, Bajwa T, Memberg W, Sweet J, Hamedani HA, Acharya A, Hernandez-Reynoso A, Donskey C, Jaskiw G, Chan R, Ajiboye A, von Recum H, Zhang L. Bacteria Invade the Brain Following Sterile Intracortical Microelectrode Implantation. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-3980065. [PMID: 38496527 PMCID: PMC10942555 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3980065/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Brain-machine interface performance is largely affected by the neuroinflammatory responses resulting in large part from blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage following intracortical microelectrode implantation. Recent findings strongly suggest that certain gut bacterial constituents penetrate the BBB and are resident in various brain regions of rodents and humans, both in health and disease. Therefore, we hypothesized that damage to the BBB caused by microelectrode implantation could amplify dysregulation of the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Here, we report that bacteria, including those commonly found in the gut, enter the brain following intracortical microelectrode implantation in mice implanted with single-shank silicon microelectrodes. Systemic antibiotic treatment of mice implanted with microelectrodes to suppress bacteria resulted in differential expression of bacteria in the brain tissue and a reduced acute inflammatory response compared to untreated controls, correlating with temporary improvements in microelectrode recording performance. Long-term antibiotic treatment resulted in worsening microelectrode recording performance and dysregulation of neurodegenerative pathways. Fecal microbiome composition was similar between implanted mice and an implanted human, suggesting translational findings. However, a significant portion of invading bacteria was not resident in the brain or gut. Together, the current study established a paradigm-shifting mechanism that may contribute to chronic intracortical microelectrode recording performance and affect overall brain health following intracortical microelectrode implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ricky Chan
- Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University
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Amini E, Rohani M, Lang AE, Azad Z, Habibi SAH, Alavi A, Shahidi G, Emamikhah M, Chitsaz A. Estimation of Ambulation and Survival in Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation Disorders. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2024; 11:53-62. [PMID: 38291840 PMCID: PMC10828622 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA) disorder is a group of ultra-orphan hereditary diseases with very limited data on its course. OBJECTIVES To estimate the probability of preserving ambulatory ability and survival in NBIA. METHODS In this study, the electronic records of the demographic data and clinical assessments of NBIA patients from 2012 to 2023 were reviewed. The objectives of the study and factors impacting them were investigated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-two genetically-confirmed NBIA patients consisting of nine subtypes were enrolled. Twenty-four and twenty-five cases were deceased and wheelchair-bound, with a mean disease duration of 11 ± 6.65 and 9.32 ± 5 years. The probability of preserving ambulation and survival was 42.9% in 9 years and 28.2% in 15 years for classical Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration (PKAN, n = 18), 89.4% in 7 years and 84.7% in 9 years for atypical PKAN (n = 39), 23% in 18 years and 67.8% in 14 years for Mitochondrial Membrane Protein-Associated Neurodegeneration (MPAN, n = 23), 75% in 20 years and 36.5% in 33 years for Kufor Rakeb Syndrome (KRS, n = 17), respectively. The frequencies of rigidity, spasticity, and female gender were significantly higher in deceased cases compared to surviving patients. Spasticity was the only factor associated with death (P value = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS KRS had the best survival with the most extended ambulation period. The classical PKAN and MPAN cases had similar progression patterns to loss of ambulation ability, while MPAN patients had a slower progression to death. Spasticity was revealed to be the most determining factor for death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Amini
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Rasoul Akram HospitalIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Neurology, Rasoul Akram HospitalIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Rohani
- Department of Neurology, Rasoul Akram HospitalIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and DepartmentThe Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)TehranIran
| | - Anthony E. Lang
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital and Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson DiseaseUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Zahra Azad
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Rasoul Akram HospitalIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Afagh Alavi
- Genetics Research CenterThe University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesTehranIran
| | - Gholamali Shahidi
- Department of Neurology, Rasoul Akram HospitalIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Maziar Emamikhah
- Department of Neurology, Rasoul Akram HospitalIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ahmad Chitsaz
- Department of NeurologyIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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Yamanaka T, Matsui H. Modeling familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease in small fishes. Dev Growth Differ 2024; 66:4-20. [PMID: 37991125 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of animal models for Parkinson's disease (PD) has been challenging. Nevertheless, once established, they will serve as valuable tools for elucidating the causes and pathogenesis of PD, as well as for developing new strategies for its treatment. Following the recent discovery of a series of PD causative genes in familial cases, teleost fishes, including zebrafish and medaka, have often been used to establish genetic PD models because of their ease of breeding and gene manipulation, as well as the high conservation of gene orthologs. Some of the fish lines can recapitulate PD phenotypes, which are often more pronounced than those in rodent genetic models. In addition, a new experimental teleost fish, turquoise killifish, can be used as a sporadic PD model, because it spontaneously manifests age-dependent PD phenotypes. Several PD fish models have already made significant contributions to the discovery of novel PD pathological features, such as cytosolic leakage of mitochondrial DNA and pathogenic phosphorylation in α-synuclein. Therefore, utilizing various PD fish models with distinct degenerative phenotypes will be an effective strategy for identifying emerging facets of PD pathogenesis and therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideaki Matsui
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Toni M, Arena C, Cioni C, Tedeschi G. Temperature- and chemical-induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1276941. [PMID: 37854466 PMCID: PMC10579595 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1276941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout their lives, humans encounter a plethora of substances capable of inducing neurotoxic effects, including drugs, heavy metals and pesticides. Neurotoxicity manifests when exposure to these chemicals disrupts the normal functioning of the nervous system, and some neurotoxic agents have been linked to neurodegenerative pathologies such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. The growing concern surrounding the neurotoxic impacts of both naturally occurring and man-made toxic substances necessitates the identification of animal models for rapid testing across a wide spectrum of substances and concentrations, and the utilization of tools capable of detecting nervous system alterations spanning from the molecular level up to the behavioural one. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is gaining prominence in the field of neuroscience due to its versatility. The possibility of analysing all developmental stages (embryo, larva and adult), applying the most common "omics" approaches (transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, etc.) and conducting a wide range of behavioural tests makes zebrafish an excellent model for neurotoxicity studies. This review delves into the main experimental approaches adopted and the main markers analysed in neurotoxicity studies in zebrafish, showing that neurotoxic phenomena can be triggered not only by exposure to chemical substances but also by fluctuations in temperature. The findings presented here serve as a valuable resource for the study of neurotoxicity in zebrafish and define new scenarios in ecotoxicology suggesting that alterations in temperature can synergistically compound the neurotoxic effects of chemical substances, intensifying their detrimental impact on fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Toni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Arena
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Cioni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- CRC “Innovation for Well-Being and Environment” (I-WE), Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Li Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Wang Z, Wu C, Zhou Z, Chang X. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals perturbed glycerophospholipid metabolism in mouse neural stem cells exposed to cadmium. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 264:115411. [PMID: 37660531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous heavy metal with neurotoxicity. Our previous study reported that Cd could inhibit the proliferation of mouse neural stem cells (mNSCs). However, the underlying mechanisms are obscure. In recent years, the rapid growth of multi-omics techniques enables us to explore the cellular responses that occurred after toxicant exposure at the molecular level. In this study, we used a combination of metabolomics and transcriptomics approaches to investigate the effects of exposure to Cd on mNSCs. After treatment with Cd, the metabolites and transcripts in mNSCs changed significantly with 110 differentially expressed metabolites and 2135 differentially expressed genes identified, respectively. The altered metabolites were mainly involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. Meanwhile, the transcriptomic data demonstrated perturbed membrane function and signal transduction. Furthermore, integrated analysis of metabolomic and transcriptomic data suggested that glycerophospholipid metabolism might be the major metabolic pathway affected by Cd in mNSCs. More interestingly, the supplementation of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) attenuated Cd-induced mitochondrial impairment and the inhibition of cell proliferation and differentiation in mNSCs, further supporting our analysis. Overall, the study provides new insights into the mechanisms of Cd-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunhua Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiuli Chang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Deng X, Yuan L, Jankovic J, Deng H. The role of the PLA2G6 gene in neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101957. [PMID: 37236368 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) represents a continuum of clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders with overlapping features. Usually, it encompasses three autosomal recessive diseases, including infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy or neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) 2A, atypical neuronal dystrophy with childhood-onset or NBIA2B, and adult-onset dystonia-parkinsonism form named PARK14, and possibly a certain subtype of hereditary spastic paraplegia. PLAN is caused by variants in the phospholipase A2 group VI gene (PLA2G6), which encodes an enzyme involved in membrane homeostasis, signal transduction, mitochondrial dysfunction, and α-synuclein aggregation. In this review, we discuss PLA2G6 gene structure and protein, functional findings, genetic deficiency models, various PLAN disease phenotypes, and study strategies in the future. Our primary aim is to provide an overview of genotype-phenotype correlations of PLAN subtypes and speculate on the role of PLA2G6 in potential mechanisms underlying these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Deng
- Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Lamei Yuan
- Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-4202, USA
| | - Hao Deng
- Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
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10
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Dehnavi AZ, Bemanalizadeh M, Kahani SM, Ashrafi MR, Rohani M, Toosi MB, Heidari M, Hosseinpour S, Amini B, Zokaei S, Rezaei Z, Aryan H, Amanat M, Vahidnezhad H, Mohammadi P, Garshasbi M, Tavasoli AR. Phenotype and genotype heterogeneity of PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration in a cohort of pediatric and adult patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:177. [PMID: 37403138 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02780-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phospholipase-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) caused by mutations in the PLA2G6 gene is a rare neurodegenerative disorder that presents with four sub-groups. Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) and PLA2G6-related dystonia-parkinsonism are the main two subtypes. In this cohort, we reviewed clinical, imaging, and genetic features of 25 adult and pediatric patients harboring variants in the PLA2G6. METHODS An extensive review of the patients' data was carried out. Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy Rating Scale (INAD-RS) was used for evaluating the severity and progression of INAD patients. Whole-exome sequencing was used to determine the disease's underlying etiology followed by co-segregation analysis using Sanger sequencing. In silico prediction analysis based on the ACMG recommendation was used to assess the pathogenicity of genetic variants. We aimed to survey a genotype-genotype correlation in PLA2G6 considering all reported disease-causing variants in addition to our patients using the HGMD database and the chi-square statistical approach. RESULTS Eighteen cases of INAD and 7 cases of late-onset PLAN were enrolled. Among 18 patients with INAD, gross motor regression was the most common presenting symptom. Considering the INAD-RS total score, the mean rate of progression was 0.58 points per month of symptoms (Standard error 0.22, lower 95% - 1.10, and upper 95% - 0.15). Sixty percent of the maximum potential loss in the INAD-RS had occurred within 60 months of symptom onset in INAD patients. Among seven adult cases of PLAN, hypokinesia, tremor, ataxic gate, and cognitive impairment were the most frequent clinical features. Various brain imaging abnormalities were also observed in 26 imaging series of these patients with cerebellar atrophy being the most common finding in more than 50%. Twenty unique variants in 25 patients with PLAN were detected including nine novel variants. Altogether, 107 distinct disease-causing variants from 87 patient were analyzed to establish a genotype-phenotype correlation. The P value of the chi-square test did not indicate a significant relationship between age of disease onset and the distribution of reported variants on PLA2G6. CONCLUSION PLAN presents with a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms from infancy to adulthood. PLAN should be considered in adult patients with parkinsonism or cognition decline. Based on the current knowledge, it is not possible to foresee the age of disease onset based on the identified genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zare Dehnavi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bemanalizadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Kahani
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Ashrafi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rohani
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurology, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Beiraghi Toosi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morteza Heidari
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Hosseinpour
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Amini
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Zokaei
- Dr. Farhud's Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran
- School of Advanced Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rezaei
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Aryan
- Dr. Farhud's Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Man Amanat
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pouria Mohammadi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Neurology Division, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Ataxia Clinic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Reza Tavasoli
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Pediatric Neurology Division, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Ataxia Clinic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Mansour MA, Moawad Y, Ali H. Beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration: A clinical update with a case report. eNeurologicalSci 2023; 31:100469. [PMID: 37396670 PMCID: PMC10311142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2023.100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa A. Mansour
- Department of Neurology and Neurologic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Neurology and Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Neuro-Intensive Care, Dar Al-Fouad Medical Corporation, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yehia Moawad
- Department of Neurology and Neurologic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Division of Neurology and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Jagota P, Lim S, Pal PK, Lee J, Kukkle PL, Fujioka S, Shang H, Phokaewvarangkul O, Bhidayasiri R, Mohamed Ibrahim N, Ugawa Y, Aldaajani Z, Jeon B, Diesta C, Shambetova C, Lin C. Genetic Movement Disorders Commonly Seen in Asians. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2023; 10:878-895. [PMID: 37332644 PMCID: PMC10272919 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing availability of molecular genetic testing has changed the landscape of both genetic research and clinical practice. Not only is the pace of discovery of novel disease-causing genes accelerating but also the phenotypic spectra associated with previously known genes are expanding. These advancements lead to the awareness that some genetic movement disorders may cluster in certain ethnic populations and genetic pleiotropy may result in unique clinical presentations in specific ethnic groups. Thus, the characteristics, genetics and risk factors of movement disorders may differ between populations. Recognition of a particular clinical phenotype, combined with information about the ethnic origin of patients could lead to early and correct diagnosis and assist the development of future personalized medicine for patients with these disorders. Here, the Movement Disorders in Asia Task Force sought to review genetic movement disorders that are commonly seen in Asia, including Wilson's disease, spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) types 12, 31, and 36, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease, PLA2G6-related parkinsonism, adult-onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID), and paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. We also review common disorders seen worldwide with specific mutations or presentations that occur frequently in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Jagota
- Chulalongkorn Centre of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineChulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross SocietyBangkokThailand
| | - Shen‐Yang Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
- The Mah Pooi Soo & Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's & Related Disorders, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of NeurologyNational Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS)BengaluruIndia
| | - Jee‐Young Lee
- Department of NeurologySeoul Metropolitan Government‐Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center & Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Prashanth Lingappa Kukkle
- Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement DisordersManipal HospitalBangaloreIndia
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders ClinicBangaloreIndia
| | - Shinsuke Fujioka
- Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University, Faculty of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Onanong Phokaewvarangkul
- Chulalongkorn Centre of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineChulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross SocietyBangkokThailand
| | - Roongroj Bhidayasiri
- Chulalongkorn Centre of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineChulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross SocietyBangkokThailand
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of ThailandBangkokThailand
| | - Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Deprtment of Human Neurophysiology, Faculty of MedicineFukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaJapan
| | - Zakiyah Aldaajani
- Neurology Unit, King Fahad Military Medical ComplexDhahranSaudi Arabia
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Department of NeurologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Movement Disorder CenterSeoul National University HospitalSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Cid Diesta
- Section of Neurology, Department of NeuroscienceMakati Medical Center, NCRMakatiPhilippines
| | | | - Chin‐Hsien Lin
- Department of NeurologyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
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13
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Xue J, Ding DX, Xu GY, Wang PZ, Ge YL, Zhang JR, Cheng XY, Wang YM, Jin H, Luo SY, Zheng YH, Chen J, Wang F, Li D, Mao CJ, Li K, Liu CF. A systematic analysis of genotype-phenotype associations with PLA2G6. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 112:105477. [PMID: 37285793 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) can be categorized into infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (aNAD), neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), and early-onset parkinsonism (EOP). OBJECTIVES To determine the genotype-phenotype association in PLAN. METHODS "PLA2G6" or "PARK14" or "phospholipase A2 group VI" or "iPLA2β" were searched across MEDLINE from June 23, 1997, to March 1, 2023. A total of 391 patients were identified, and 340 patients of them were finally included in the assessment. RESULTS The loss of function (LOF) mutation ratios were significantly different (p < 0.001), highest in INAD, followed by NBIA, aNAD, and EOP. Four ensemble scores (i.e., BayesDel, VARITY, ClinPred, and MetaRNN) were assessed to predict the deleteriousness of missense mutations and demonstrated significant differences (p < 0.001). Binary logistic regression analyses demonstrated that LOF mutations were independently associated with brain iron accumulation (p = 0.006) and ataxia (p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS LOF or more deleterious missense mutations are more likely to promote the development of serious phenotype of PLAN, and LOF mutations are independently associated with brain iron accumulation and ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xue
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dong-Xue Ding
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Pu-Zhi Wang
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Lun Ge
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | | | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Neurology, Suqian First People's Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Mao
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Suqian First People's Hospital, Suqian, China.
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Hayashi D, Dennis EA. Molecular basis of unique specificity and regulation of group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A 2 (PNPLA9) and its role in neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108395. [PMID: 36990122 PMCID: PMC10174669 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Glycerophospholipids are major components of cell membranes and consist of a glycerol backbone esterified with one of over 30 unique fatty acids at each of the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. In addition, in some human cells and tissues as much as 20% of the glycerophospholipids contain a fatty alcohol rather than an ester in the sn-1 position, although it can also occur in the sn-2 position. The sn-3 position of the glycerol backbone contains a phosphodiester bond linked to one of more than 10 unique polar head-groups. Hence, humans contain thousands of unique individual molecular species of phospholipids given the heterogeneity of the sn-1 and sn-2 linkage and carbon chains and the sn-3 polar groups. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a superfamily of enzymes that hydrolyze the sn-2 fatty acyl chain resulting in lyso-phospholipids and free fatty acids that then undergo further metabolism. PLA2's play a critical role in lipid-mediated biological responses and membrane phospholipid remodeling. Among the PLA2 enzymes, the Group VIA calcium-independent PLA2 (GVIA iPLA2), also referred to as PNPLA9, is a fascinating enzyme with broad substrate specificity and it is implicated in a wide variety of diseases. Especially notable, the GVIA iPLA2 is implicated in the sequelae of several neurodegenerative diseases termed "phospholipase A2-associated neurodegeneration" (PLAN) diseases. Despite many reports on the physiological role of the GVIA iPLA2, the molecular basis of its enzymatic specificity was unclear. Recently, we employed state-of-the-art lipidomics and molecular dynamics techniques to elucidate the detailed molecular basis of its substrate specificity and regulation. In this review, we summarize the molecular basis of the enzymatic action of GVIA iPLA2 and provide a perspective on future therapeutic strategies for PLAN diseases targeting GVIA iPLA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry in Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601, USA
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15
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Monfrini E, Pesini A, Biella F, Sobreira CFR, Emmanuele V, Brescia G, Lopez LC, Tadesse S, Hirano M, Comi GP, Quinzii CM, Di Fonzo A. Whole-Exome Sequencing Study of Fibroblasts Derived From Patients With Cerebellar Ataxia Referred to Investigate CoQ10 Deficiency. Neurol Genet 2023; 9:e200058. [PMID: 37090936 PMCID: PMC10117701 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Background and ObjectivesCoenzyme Q10(CoQ10)–deficient cerebellar ataxia can be due to pathogenic variants in genes encoding for CoQ10biosynthetic proteins or associated with defects in protein unrelated to its biosynthesis. Diagnosis is crucial because patients may respond favorably to CoQ10supplementation. The aim of this study was to identify through whole-exome sequencing (WES) the pathogenic variants, and assess CoQ10levels, in fibroblasts from patients with undiagnosed cerebellar ataxia referred to investigate CoQ10deficiency.MethodsWES was performed on genomic DNA extracted from 16 patients. Sequencing data were filtered using a virtual panel of genes associated with CoQ10deficiency and/or cerebellar ataxia. CoQ10levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in 14 patient-derived fibroblasts.ResultsA definite genetic etiology was identified in 8 samples of 16 (diagnostic yield = 50%). The identified genetic causes were pathogenic variants of the genesCOQ8A(ADCK3) (n = 3 samples),ATP1A3(n = 2),PLA2G6(n = 1),SPG7(n = 1), andMFSD8(n = 1). Five novel mutations were found (COQ8An = 3,PLA2G6n = 1, andMFSD8n = 1). CoQ10levels were significantly decreased in 3/14 fibroblast samples (21.4%), 1 carrying compound heterozygousCOQ8Apathogenic variants, 1 harboring a homozygous pathogenicSPG7variant, and 1 with an unknown molecular defect.DiscussionThis work confirms the importance ofCOQ8Agene mutations as a frequent genetic cause of cerebellar ataxia and CoQ10deficiency and suggestsSPG7mutations as a novel cause of secondary CoQ10deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Monfrini
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Alba Pesini
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Fabio Biella
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Claudia F R Sobreira
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Valentina Emmanuele
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Gloria Brescia
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Carlos Lopez
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Saba Tadesse
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Michio Hirano
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Giacomo P Comi
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Catarina Maria Quinzii
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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Ferreira de Andrade A, dos Santos Guimarães GK, Ferreira da Silva J, Moura de Sousa BM, Honorato MM, de Carvalho Cremaschi RM, Santos Coelho FM. Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation: a differential diagnosis of cerebral palsy. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-023-00639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Brain iron accumulation neurodegeneration (NBIA) comprises a group of rare diseases characterized by deposits of this metal in brain structures. It presents a great variability of progression, which can be fast enough to lead the patient to death in the first years of life, or slow enough to be confused with non-progressive diseases.
Case presentation
Female, 19-year-old patient, cesarean delivery at 38 weeks of gestation. History of multiple sclerosis in a second-degree paternal aunt. Normal neuropsychomotor growth and development up to 11 months, when changes in gait began. After that, it got worse, with decreased muscle strength and falls, but it progressed so slowly that she was diagnosed with cerebral palsy, a non-progressive condition. At the age of 16, she underwent molecular analysis by exome sequencing, being diagnosed with the NBIA Phospholipase A2 (PLAN) variant. Currently doing physical therapy, hydrotherapy, occupational therapy and sertraline.
Conclusions
The report draws attention to the variability of the disease and the possibility of confusion with other diagnoses, which may delay proper management.
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Sait H, Srivastava S, Pandey M, Ravichandran D, Shukla A, Mandal K, Saxena D, Shambhavi A, Majethia P, Rao LP, Sharma S, Phadke SR, Moirangthem A. Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation: a case series highlighting phenotypic and genotypic diversity in 20 Indian families. Neurogenetics 2023. [PMID: 36790591 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-023-00712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is an umbrella term encompassing various inherited neurological disorders characterised by abnormal iron accumulation in basal ganglia. We aimed to study the clinical, radiological and molecular spectrum of disorders with NBIA. All molecular-proven cases of NBIA presented in the last 5 years at 2 tertiary care genetic centres were compiled. Demographic details and clinical and neuroimaging findings were collated. We describe 27 individuals from 20 unrelated Indian families with causative variants in 5 NBIA-associated genes. PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) was the most common, observed in 13 individuals from 9 families. They mainly presented in infancy with neuroregression and hypotonia. A recurrent pathogenic variant in COASY was observed in two neonates with prenatal-onset severe neurodegeneration. Pathogenic bi-allelic variants in PANK2, FA2H and C19ORF12 genes were observed in the rest, and these individuals presented in late childhood and adolescence with gait abnormalities and extrapyramidal symptoms. No intrafamilial and interfamilial variability were observed. Iron deposition on neuroimaging was seen in only 6/17 (35.3%) patients. A total of 22 causative variants across 5 genes were detected including a multiexonic duplication in PLA2G6. The variants c.1799G > A and c.2370 T > G in PLA2G6 were observed in three unrelated families. In silico assessments of 8 amongst 9 novel variants were also performed. We present a comprehensive compilation of the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of various subtypes of NBIA from the Indian subcontinent. Clinical presentation of NBIAs is varied and not restricted to extrapyramidal symptoms or iron accumulation on neuroimaging.
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Saito R, Bando T, Kotaniguchi M, Tamura T, Kuno T, Watanabe K, Mizukami Y, Kitamura S, Kadokawa H. Ethanolamine plasmalogens derived from whale brain stimulate both follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone secretion by bovine gonadotrophs. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13839. [PMID: 37247943 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ethanolamine plasmalogens (EPls) are the only known ligands of a novel receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 61, and bovine brain EPls stimulate follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) but not luteinizing hormone (LH), secreted by bovine gonadotrophs. We hypothesized that the brain EPls of whales (Balaenoptera edeni), another Cetartiodactyla with at least twice the lifespan of bovines, could stimulate FSH secretion by gonadotrophs. To test this hypothesis, bovine gonadotrophs (from approximately 2-year-old Japanese Black heifers) were cultured for 3.5 days and treated with increasing concentrations of brain EP1s from whales (approximately 22 years old). FSH and LH secretion was stimulated by all tested concentrations of whale EPls (p < 0.05). To clarify the important differences between bovine and whale EPls, we utilized two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, which revealed 35 peaks. Among them, we observed significant differences between 12 EPl molecular species. Additionally, we identified differentially expressed genes for enzymes involved in EPl synthesis or degradation in the hypothalamus of young heifers and old cows (approximately 10 years old) as compared to whales (approximately 28 years old) via deep sequencing of the transcriptome. We conclude that whale brains contain unique EPls that stimulate both FSH and LH secretion by bovine gonadotrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Saito
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | | | - Miyako Kotaniguchi
- International Polysaccharide Engineering Inc., Laboratory of Advanced Food Process Engineering, Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Japan
| | | | - Tomoe Kuno
- Institute of Cetacean Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Center for Gene Research, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | | | - Shinichi Kitamura
- Laboratory of Advanced Food Process Engineering, Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kadokawa
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Gao L, Shi C, Lin Q, Wu Y, Hu L, Wang M, Guan J, Lin S, Liao Y, Wu C. Case Report: A case of PLA2G6 gene-related early-onset Parkinson's disease and review of literature. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1064566. [PMID: 36570855 PMCID: PMC9780693 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1064566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with the action ofto genetic factors. A mutated phospholipase A2 type VI gene (PLA2G6) is considered to be one of pathogenic genes involved in EOPD development. Although EOPD caused by a mutated PLA2G6 has been recorded in major databases, not all mutant genotypes have been reported. Here, we report a case of PLA2G6-related EOPD caused by a novel compound heterozygous mutation. Case presentation The case was an of 26-year-old young male with a 2-year course of disease. The onset of the disease was insidious and developed gradually. The patient presented with unsteady walking, bradykinesia, unresponsiveness, and decreased facial expression. Auxiliary examination showed a compound heterozygous mutation of the PLA2G6gene with c.991G > T and c.1427 + 1G > A. Mild atrophy of the cerebrum and cerebellum was detected on brain MRI. The patient was diagnosed with EOPD. We administered treatment with Madopar, which was effective. After a two-year disease course, we observed progression to stage 5 according to the Hoehn-Yahr Scale (without medicine in the off-stage). An MDS-UPDRS III score of 62 was obtained, with characteristics of severe disease and rapid progress. The diagnosis was an EOPD phenotype caused by a combination of mutations at the c.991G > T and c.1427 + 1G > A sites of the PLA2G6gene. Conclusion After active treatment, the disease was set under control, with no significant progression during the three-month follow-up period. Dyskinesia did not recur after reducing the Madopar dose. The freezing sign was slightly decreased and the wearing-off was delayed to 2 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Lili Gao
| | - Chunlan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China
| | - Yujing Wu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China
| | - Liqi Hu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China
| | - Mingwang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China
| | - Jianhua Guan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Yuansheng Liao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Chenghan Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Fujian, China
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20
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Bagayoko S, Meunier E. Emerging roles of ferroptosis in infectious diseases. FEBS J 2022; 289:7869-7890. [PMID: 34670020 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In living organisms, lipid peroxidation is a continuously occurring cellular process and therefore involved in various physiological and pathological contexts. Among the broad variety of lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) constitute a major target of oxygenation either when released as mediators by phospholipases or when present in membranous phospholipids. The last decade has seen the characterization of an iron- and lipid peroxidation-dependent cell necrosis, namely, ferroptosis, that involves the accumulation of peroxidized PUFA-containing phospholipids. Further studies could link ferroptosis in a very large body of (physio)-pathological processes, including cancer, neurodegenerative, and metabolic diseases. In this review, we mostly focus on the emerging involvement of lipid peroxidation-driven ferroptosis in infectious diseases, and the immune consequences. We also discuss the putative ability of microbial virulence factors to exploit or to dampen ferroptosis regulatory pathways to their own benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salimata Bagayoko
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, France
| | - Etienne Meunier
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, France
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21
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Puri S, Agrawal RK, Singh A, Verma A, Mishra A, Singh A, Narayan R, Mishra OP. Spectrum of Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation with PLA2G6 Variation: A Report of Three Cases from Two Families. Journal of Pediatric Neurology 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNeurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation consists of disorders characterized by progressive neuronal degeneration, cognitive decline, brain iron accumulation in extrapyramidal system, dentate nucleus, and gray and white matters boundary. We present a case series of PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN), with definite PLA2G6 gene mutations in two cases and suspected in one case. Diagnosis was based on clinical presentations, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and detection of PLA2G6 mutations. Case 1: An 8-year-old boy presented with weakness of lower limbs, subnormal intelligence, scanning speech, spasticity, dysdiadochokinesia, pendular knee jerk, and extensor plantar reflex. MRI of the brain showed diffuse cerebellar atrophy and white matter T2 hyperintensity with iron deposition in bilateral globus pallidi. Case 2: Elder sister of Case 1, who developed ataxia at the age of 6 years and became bedridden at 14 years. She had nocturnal enuresis, seizures, cervical dystonia, dysphagia, and died at 23 years of age. MRI showed cerebral and cerebellar atrophies and iron deposition in basal ganglia and substantia nigra. Case 3 had infantile onset with quadriparesis, optic atrophy, developmental delay, cerebral and cerebellar atrophies, and brain iron accumulation in basal ganglia. Case 1 revealed two heterozygous mutations of PLA2G6 gene in exons 16 (c.2264G > A, p. Arg755Gln) and 12 (c.1637G > A, p. Arg546Gln), classified as likely pathogenic. Elder sister (Case 2) could not be tested for this mutation. Case 3 showed homozygous silent splice site point variation in exon 7 (c.1077 G > A; p. Ser 359 Ser) of PLA2G6 gene. Thus, in patients presenting with neurodegeneration and imaging findings of brain iron accumulation, diagnosis can be established by PLA2G6 gene mutation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Puri
- Department of Pediatrics, Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ritesh K. Agrawal
- Department of Pediatrics, Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankur Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arpita Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raghvendra Narayan
- Department of Pediatrics, Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Om P. Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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22
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Lan MY, Lu CS, Wu SL, Chen YF, Sung YF, Tu MC, Chang YY. Clinical and genetic characterization of a Taiwanese cohort with spastic paraparesis combined with cerebellar involvement. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1005670. [PMID: 36247768 PMCID: PMC9563621 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1005670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders clinically characterized by progressive lower-limb spasticity. Cerebellar ataxia commonly co-occurs with complicated HSPs. HSP with concurrent cerebellar ataxia has significant clinical and genetic overlaps with hereditary cerebellar ataxia (HCA) and other inherited neurological diseases, adding to the challenge of planning genetic testing for the disease. In this study, we characterized clinical features of a cohort of 24 patients (male/female: 15/9) from 22 families who presented spastic paraparesis combined with cerebellar involvement, with a median disease onset age 20.5 (range 5–53) years. Aside from the core phenotype, 18 (75%) patients had additional neuropsychiatric and systemic manifestations. A stepwise genetic testing strategy stratified by mode of inheritance, distinct neuroimaging features (e.g., thin corpus callosum), population-specific prevalence and whole-exome sequencing was utilized to investigate the genetic etiology. Causative mutations in up to 10 genes traditionally related to HSP, HCA and other neurogenetic diseases (autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay, neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, and progressive encephalopathy with brain atrophy and thin corpus callosum) were detected in 16 (73%) of the 22 pedigrees. Our study revealed the genetic complexity of HSP combined with cerebellar involvement. In contrast to the marked genetic diversity, the functions of the causative genes are restricted to a limited number of physiological themes. The functional overlap might reflect common underlying pathogenic mechanisms, to which the corticospinal tract and cerebellar neuron circuits may be especially vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yu Lan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Song Lu
- Professor Lu Neurological Clinic, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Landseed International Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Lin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Fa Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Feng Sung
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Tu
- Department of Neurology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yee Chang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yung-Yee Chang
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23
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Salles PA, Liao J, Shuaib U, Mata IF, Fernandez HH. A Review on Response to Device-Aided Therapies Used in Monogenic Parkinsonism and GBA Variants Carriers: A Need for Guidelines and Comparative Studies. J Parkinsons Dis 2022; 12:1703-1725. [PMID: 35662127 PMCID: PMC9535575 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is in some cases predisposed-or-caused by genetic variants, contributing to the expression of different phenotypes. Regardless of etiology, as the disease progresses, motor fluctuations and/or levodopa-induced dyskinesias limit the benefit of pharmacotherapy. Device-aided therapies are good alternatives in advanced disease, including deep brain stimulation (DBS), levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel, and continuous subcutaneous infusion of apomorphine. Candidate selection and timing are critical for the success of such therapies. Genetic screening in DBS cohorts has shown a higher proportion of mutation carriers than in general cohorts, suggesting that genetic factors may influence candidacy for advanced therapies. The response of monogenic PD to device therapies is not well established, and the contribution of genetic information to decision-making is still a matter of debate. The limited evidence regarding gene-dependent response to device-aided therapies is reviewed here. An accurate understanding of the adequacy and responses of different mutation carriers to device-aided therapies requires the development of specific studies with long-term monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe A Salles
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Centro de Trastornos del Movimiento, CETRAM, Santiago, Chile
| | - James Liao
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Umar Shuaib
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ignacio F Mata
- Lerner Research Institute, Genomic Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hubert H Fernandez
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
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24
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Wan Y, Jiang Y, Xie Z, Ling C, Du K, Li R, Yuan Y, Wang Z, Sun W, Jin H. Novel PLA2G6 Pathogenic Variants in Chinese Patients With PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration. Front Neurol 2022; 13:922528. [PMID: 35911906 PMCID: PMC9327523 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.922528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) is a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases caused by biallelic PLA2G6 mutations, covering diseases such as infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (ANAD), dystonia parkinsonism (DP), and autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism (AREP). The study aims to report the clinical and genetic features of a series of PLAN patients. Methods The clinical and radiological findings of five Chinese patients from three families were collected. Whole-exome next generation sequencing (NGS) was applied to identify the genetic causes. Co-segregation analysis of the detected candidate variants were performed in their families. The pathogenicity of identified novel variants was predicted by in silico analysis. Results NGS revealed compound heterozygous variants of PLA2G6 gene in all five patients. There were six PLA2G6 variants identified, including two known variants (c.116G>A, c.238G>A) and four novel variants (c.2120dupA, c.2071C>G, c.967G>A, c1534T>A). ACMG predicts c.2120dupA to be pathogenic, c.2071C>G and c.1534T>A to be likely pathogenic, and c1534T>A to be of uncertain significance. Clinically, four patients fell into the diagnosis of ANAD, and 1 into the diagnosis of AREP. Brain imaging revealed cerebellar atrophy, iron deposition in bilateral globus pallidus, and substantia nigra in three cases. Conclusions Four novel pathogenic variants were discovered and the pathogenic variant spectrum of the PLA2G6 gene was expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Wan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Xie
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Ling
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Du
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Neurology, Huoguosi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Sun
| | - Haiqiang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Haiqiang Jin
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25
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Zou Y, Luo H, Yuan H, Xie K, Yang Y, Huang S, Yang B, Liu Y. Identification of a Novel Nonsense Mutation in PLA2G6 and Prenatal Diagnosis in a Chinese Family With Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:904027. [PMID: 35873758 PMCID: PMC9298276 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.904027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is a subtype of PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration (PLAN) with an age of early onset and severe clinical phenotypes of neurodegeneration. Individuals affected with INAD are characterized by rapid progressive psychomotor deterioration, neuroregression, and hypotonia followed by generalized spasticity, optic atrophy, and dementia. In this case, we aimed to identify the underlying causative genetic factors of a Chinese family with two siblings who presented with walking difficulty and inability to speak. We provided a prenatal diagnosis for the family and information for the prevention of this genetic disease. Methods Retrospective clinical information and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of the proband were collected. Trio-whole exome sequencing (WES) including the proband and his parents was performed to explore the genetic causes, while Sanger sequencing was subsequently used to validate the variants identified by Trio-WES in the pedigree. Furthermore, prenatal molecular genetic diagnosis was carried out through amniocentesis to investigate the status of pathogenic mutations in the fetus by Sanger sequencing at an appropriate gestational age. Results The two siblings were both clinically diagnosed with rapid regression in psychomotor development milestones. Brain MRI showed cerebellar atrophy and typical bilaterally symmetrical T2/FLAIR hyperintense signal changes in periventricular areas, indicating periventricular leukomalacia, and myelin sheath dysplasia. Trio-WES revealed two heterozygous variants in PlA2G6 associated with clinical manifestations in the proband: a novel maternally inherited variant c.217C>T (p.Gln73*) and a previously reported paternally inherited recurrent pathogenic variant c.1894C>T (p.Arg632Trp). These two heterozygous mutations were also detected in the younger brother who had similar clinical features as the proband. The novel variant c.217C>T was classified as “pathogenic (PVS1 + PM2 + PP3),” while the variant c.1894C>T was “pathogenic” (PS1 + PM1 + PM2 + PM3 + PP3) based on the latest American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines on sequence variants. Combining the molecular evidence and clinical phenotypes, the diagnosis of INAD was established for the two affected siblings. The two variants that were identified were considered the causative mutations for INAD in this family. Prenatal diagnosis suggested compound heterozygous mutations of c.217C>T and c.1894C>T in the fetus, indicating a high risk of INAD, and the parents chose to terminate the pregnancy. Conclusion We identified a novel pathogenic mutation that broadens the mutation spectrum of PLA2G6 and will provide clues for the molecular diagnosis of INAD. Furthermore, our study has helped to elucidate the causative genetic factors of this Chinese family with INAD effectively and efficiently by using the emerging Trio-WES strategy and providing precise genetic counseling for this family.
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Hanna Al-Shaikh R, Milanowski LM, Holla VV, Kurihara K, Yadav R, Kamble N, Muthusamy B, Bellad A, Koziorowski D, Szlufik S, Hoffman-Zacharska D, Fujioka S, Tsuboi Y, Ross OA, Wierenga K, Uitti RJ, Wszolek Z, Pal PK. PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration in four different populations-case series and literature review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 101:66-74. [PMID: 35803092 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration, PLAN, is subdivided into: Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy, and adult-onset dystonia parkinsonism [1]. It is elicited by a biallelic pathogenic variant in phospholipase A2 group VI (PLA2G6) gene. In this study we describe new cases and provide a comprehensive review of previously published cases. METHODS Eleven patients, from four different institutions and four different countries. All underwent a comprehensive chart review. RESULTS Ages at onset ranged from 1 to 36 years, with a median of 16 and a mean of 16.18 ± 11.91 years. Phenotypic characteristics were heterogenous and resembled that of patients with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (n = 2), atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (n = 1), adult-onset dystonia parkinsonism (n = 1), complex hereditary spastic paraparesis (n = 3), and early onset Parkinson's disease (n = 2). Parental genetic studies were performed for all patients and confirmed with sanger sequencing in five. Visual evoked potential illustrated optic atrophy in P4. Mineralization was evident in brain magnetic resonance imaging of P1, P2, P4, P5, P7, and P11. Single photon emission computed tomography was conducted for three patients, revealed decreased perfusion in the occipital lobes for P10. DaTscan was performed for P11 and showed decreased uptake in the deep gray matter, bilateral caudate nuclei, and bilateral putamen. Positive response to Apomorphine was noted for P10 and to Baclofen in P2, and P3. CONCLUSIONS PLAN encompasses a wide clinical spectrum. Age and symptom at onset are crucial when classifying patients. Reporting new variants is critical to draw more attention to this condition and identify biomarkers to arrive at potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukasz M Milanowski
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vikram V Holla
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Nitish Kamble
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Babylakshmi Muthusamy
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bengaluru, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anikha Bellad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Dariusz Koziorowski
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Szlufik
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Hoffman-Zacharska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Yoshio Tsuboi
- Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Klaas Wierenga
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ryan J Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
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27
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Vandana VP, Darshini JK, Sankaran BP. Audiological Findings in Children with PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration. J Am Acad Audiol 2022; 33:324-329. [PMID: 35705187 DOI: 10.1055/a-1877-2546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Audiological manifestations of patients with PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration are limited. OBJECTIVE To analyze the audiological findings in a cohort of 13 children with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD). METHOD Patients underwent a battery of audiological tests including tympanometry, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, impedance audiometry, and Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEPs). RESULTS Audiological studies of 13 children indicated sensorineural hearing loss in six children and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder in four children. CONCLUSION This study may extend the auditory findings for INAD. Additional studies on quality of life and cognitive-brain degeneration related to this disease are required before making appropriate recommendations for aural rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeevendra Kumar Darshini
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Bindu Parayil Sankaran
- Department of Biochemical Genetics and Genetic Metabolic Disorders Service, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicineand Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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28
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Dusek P, Hofer T, Alexander J, Roos PM, Aaseth JO. Cerebral Iron Deposition in Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2022; 12:714. [PMID: 35625641 PMCID: PMC9138489 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of cerebral iron regulation appears to have a role in aging and in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders. Possible unfavorable impacts of iron accumulation include reactive oxygen species generation, induction of ferroptosis, and acceleration of inflammatory changes. Whole-brain iron-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques allow the examination of macroscopic patterns of brain iron deposits in vivo, while modern analytical methods ex vivo enable the determination of metal-specific content inside individual cell-types, sometimes also within specific cellular compartments. The present review summarizes the whole brain, cellular, and subcellular patterns of iron accumulation in neurodegenerative diseases of genetic and sporadic origin. We also provide an update on mechanisms, biomarkers, and effects of brain iron accumulation in these disorders, focusing on recent publications. In Parkinson’s disease, Friedreich’s disease, and several disorders within the neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation group, there is a focal siderosis, typically in regions with the most pronounced neuropathological changes. The second group of disorders including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis shows iron accumulation in the globus pallidus, caudate, and putamen, and in specific cortical regions. Yet, other disorders such as aceruloplasminemia, neuroferritinopathy, or Wilson disease manifest with diffuse iron accumulation in the deep gray matter in a pattern comparable to or even more extensive than that observed during normal aging. On the microscopic level, brain iron deposits are present mostly in dystrophic microglia variably accompanied by iron-laden macrophages and in astrocytes, implicating a role of inflammatory changes and blood–brain barrier disturbance in iron accumulation. Options and potential benefits of iron reducing strategies in neurodegeneration are discussed. Future research investigating whether genetic predispositions play a role in brain Fe accumulation is necessary. If confirmed, the prevention of further brain Fe uptake in individuals at risk may be key for preventing neurodegenerative disorders.
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29
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Cheng HL, Chen YJ, Xue YY, Wu ZY, Li HF, Wang N. Clinical Characterization and Founder Effect Analysis in Chinese Patients with Phospholipase A2-Associated Neurodegeneration. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050517. [PMID: 35624904 PMCID: PMC9138368 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by PLA2G6 mutations. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and mutation spectrum of PLAN and to investigate the founder effects in Chinese PLAN patients. Six Chinese PLAN families were clinically examined in detail and whole-exome sequencing was performed in the probands. Haplotype analysis was performed in five families with the PLA2G6 c.991G > T mutation using 23 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Furthermore, all previously reported PLA2G6 mutations and patients in China were reviewed to summarize the genetic and clinical features of PLAN. Interestingly, we found that one patient had hereditary spastic paraplegia and showed various atypical clinical characteristics of PLAN, and five patients had a phenotype of parkinsonism. All probands were compound heterozygotes for PLA2G6 variants, including four novel pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations (c.967G > A, c.1450G > T, c.1631T > C, and c.1915delG) and five known pathogenic mutations. Haplotype analyses revealed that patients carrying PLA2G6 c.991G > T mutations shared a haplotype of 717 kb. The frequencies of psychiatric features, cognitive decline, and myoclonus in Chinese patients with PLA2G6-related parkinsonism were significantly different from those in European patients. Thus, our study expands the clinical and genetic spectrum of PLAN and provides an insightful view of the founder effect to better diagnose and understand the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ling Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; (H.-L.C.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Yi-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; (H.-L.C.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Yan-Yan Xue
- Research Center of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.X.); (Z.-Y.W.)
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Research Center of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.X.); (Z.-Y.W.)
| | - Hong-Fu Li
- Research Center of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.X.); (Z.-Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.-F.L.); (N.W.); Tel.: +086-571-87783569 (H.-F.L.); +086-591-87982772 (N.W.)
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; (H.-L.C.); (Y.-J.C.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Correspondence: (H.-F.L.); (N.W.); Tel.: +086-571-87783569 (H.-F.L.); +086-591-87982772 (N.W.)
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30
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Rostampour D, Zolfaghari MR, Gholami M. Novel insertion mutation in the
PLA2G6
gene in an Iranian family with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24253. [PMID: 35092705 PMCID: PMC8906051 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy is an autosomal recessive neurological disorder. Individuals with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy experience progressive loss of vision, mental skills and muscular control, and other variable clinical signs. Pathogenic variants in the PLA2G6 gene, encoding phospholipase A2, are recognized to be the fundamental reason for infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. This study aimed to detect pathogenic variant in a consanguine Iranian family with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. Methods The mutation screening was done by whole exome sequencing followed by direct Sanger sequencing. Results We identified a homozygous insertion mutation, NM_003560: c.1548_1549insCG (p.G517Rfs*29) in exon 10 of PLA2G6 in the patient. The parents were heterozygous for variant. Conclusions Because of the clinical heterogeneity and rarity of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, whole exome sequencing is critical to confirm the diagnosis and is an excellent tool for INAD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Rostampour
- Department of Microbiology Qom Branch Islamic Azad University Qom Iran
| | | | - Milad Gholami
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics School of Medicine Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran
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31
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Liu Y, Gu W. p53 in ferroptosis regulation: the new weapon for the old guardian. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:895-910. [PMID: 35087226 PMCID: PMC9091200 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the conventional activities of p53 such as cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis are well accepted as the major checkpoints in stress responses, accumulating evidence implicates the importance of other tumor suppression mechanisms. Among these unconventional activities, an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death, termed ferroptosis, attracts great interest. Unlike apoptotic cell death, activation of p53 alone is not sufficient to induce ferroptosis directly; instead, through its metabolic targets, p53 is able to modulate the ferroptosis response in the presence of ferroptosis inducers such as GPX4 inhibitors or high levels of ROS. Here, we review the role of ferroptosis in p53-mediated tumor suppression, with a focus on what cellular factors are critical for p53-dependent ferroptosis during tumor suppression and how p53 modulates both the canonical (GPX4-dependent) and the non-canonical (GPX4-independent) ferroptosis pathways. We also discuss the possibility of targeting p53-mediated ferroptotic responses for the treatment of human cancers and potentially, other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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32
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Mehta S, Takkar A, Singh D, Aggarwal A, Lal V. Unusual Presentation of PLA2G6-Related Neurodegeneration with Retinal Vasculitis. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2022; 9:113-117. [PMID: 35005075 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Mehta
- Department of Neurology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India
| | - Aastha Takkar
- Department of Neurology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India
| | - Deependra Singh
- Department of Neurology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India
| | - Aniruddha Aggarwal
- Department of Ophthalmology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India.,Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Vivek Lal
- Department of Neurology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India
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33
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ANSARI B, NASIRI J, NAMAZI H, SEDGHI M, AFZALI M. Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy in Two Cases: Siblings with Different Presentations. Iran J Child Neurol 2022; 16:193-198. [PMID: 36204426 PMCID: PMC9531199 DOI: 10.22037/ijcn.v16i2.30864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is a rare recessive neurodegenerative disorder manifested by symptoms like hypotonia, extrapyramidal signs, spastic tetraplegia, vision problems, cerebellar ataxia, cognitive complications, and dementia before the age of three. Various reports evaluated the relationship between the incidence of INAD and different mutations in the PLA2G6 gene. We described cases of two children with INAD whose diagnoses were challenging due to misleading findings and a mutation in the C.2370 T>G (p. Y790X) in the PLA2G6 gene based on NM_001349864, which has been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz ANSARI
- Neurologist, Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Al-Zahra Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jafar NASIRI
- Professor of Neurology, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamide NAMAZI
- Medical Genetics, Medical Genetics Laboratory, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam SEDGHI
- Medical Genetics, Medical Genetics Laboratory, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdieh AFZALI
- Neurologist, Department of Neurologist, School of Medicine, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
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34
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Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are incurable diseases of the nervous system that lead to a progressive loss of brain areas and neuronal subtypes, which is associated with an increase in symptoms that can be linked to the affected brain areas. The key findings that appear in many neurodegenerative diseases are deposits of proteins and the damage of mitochondria, which mainly affect energy production and mitophagy. Several causative gene mutations have been identified in various neurodegenerative diseases; however, a large proportion are considered sporadic. In the last decade, studies linking lipids, and in particular sphingolipids, to neurodegenerative diseases have shown the importance of these sphingolipids in the underlying pathogenesis. Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids consisting of a sphingoid base linked to a fatty acid and a hydrophilic head group. They are involved in various cellular processes, such as cell growth, apoptosis, and autophagy, and are an essential component of the brain. In this review, we will cover key findings that demonstrate the relevance of sphingolipids in neurodegenerative diseases and will focus on neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation and Parkinson’s disease.
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35
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Bhardwaj NK, Gowda VK, Saini J, Sardesai AV, Santhoshkumar R, Mahadevan A. Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation: Characterization of clinical, radiological, and genetic features of pediatric patients from Southern India. Brain Dev 2021; 43:1013-1022. [PMID: 34272103 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a group of rare inherited neurodegenerative disorders. Ten types of NBIA are known. Studies reporting various NBIA subtypes together are few. This study was aimed at describing clinical features, neuroimaging findings, and genetic mutations of different NBIA group disorders. METHODS Clinical, radiological, and genetic data of patients diagnosed with NBIA in a tertiary care centre in Southern India from 2014 to 2020 was retrospectively collected and analysed. RESULTS In our cohort of 27 cases, PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) was most common (n = 13) followed by Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) (n = 9). We had 2 cases each of Mitochondrial membrane-associated neurodegeneration (MPAN) and Beta-propeller protein- associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) and 1 case of Kufor-Rakeb Syndrome (KRS). Walking difficulty was the presenting complaint in all PKAN cases, whereas the presentation in PLAN was that of development regression with onset at a mean age of 2 years. Overall, 50% patients of them presented with development regression and one-third had epilepsy. Presence of pyramidal signs was most common examination feature (89%) followed by one or more eye findings (81%) and movement disorders (50%). Neuroimaging was abnormal in 24/27 cases and cerebellar atrophy was the commonest finding (52%) followed by globus pallidus hypointensities (44%). CONCLUSIONS One should have a high index of clinical suspicion for the diagnosis of NBIA in children presenting with neuroregression and vision abnormalities in presence of pyramidal signs or movement disorders. Neuroimaging and ophthalmological evaluation provide important clues to diagnosis in NBIA syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Bhardwaj
- Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vykuntaraju K Gowda
- Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Jitendra Saini
- Neuroradiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwin Vivek Sardesai
- Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rashmi Santhoshkumar
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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36
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Guadagnolo D, Piane M, Torrisi MR, Pizzuti A, Petrucci S. Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Monogenic Parkinson Disease: A Review on Clinical and Molecular Findings. Front Neurol 2021; 12:648588. [PMID: 34630269 PMCID: PMC8494251 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.648588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, usually with multifactorial etiology. It is characterized by prominent movement disorders and non-motor symptoms. Movement disorders commonly include bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor. Non-motor symptoms can include behavior disorders, sleep disturbances, hyposmia, cognitive impairment, and depression. A fraction of PD cases instead is due to Parkinsonian conditions with Mendelian inheritance. The study of the genetic causes of these phenotypes has shed light onto common pathogenetic mechanisms underlying Parkinsonian conditions. Monogenic Parkinsonisms can present autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or even X-linked inheritance patterns. Clinical presentations vary from forms indistinguishable from idiopathic PD to severe childhood-onset conditions with other neurological signs. We provided a comprehensive description of each condition, discussing current knowledge on genotype-phenotype correlations. Despite the broad clinical spectrum and the many genes involved, the phenotype appears to be related to the disrupted cell function and inheritance pattern, and several assumptions about genotype-phenotype correlations can be made. The interest in these assumptions is not merely speculative, in the light of novel promising targeted therapies currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Guadagnolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto i Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Piane
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics Unit, S. Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Torrisi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics Unit, S. Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto i Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Petrucci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics Unit, S. Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
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37
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Franco G, Lazzeri G, Di Fonzo A. Parkinsonism and ataxia. J Neurol Sci 2021; 433:120020. [PMID: 34711421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia is not a common feature in Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, some rare forms of parkinsonism have ataxia as one of the main features in their clinical picture, especially those with juvenile or early-onset. On the other side, in cerebellar degenerative diseases, parkinsonism might accompany the typical symptoms and even become predominant in some cases. Many disorders involving different neurological systems present with a movement phenomenology reflecting the underlying pattern of pathological involvement, such as neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, neurodegeneration associated with calcium deposition, and metabolic and mitochondrial disorders. The prototype of sporadic disorders that present with a constellation of symptoms due to the involvement of multiple Central Nervous System regions is multiple system atrophy, whose motor symptoms at onset can be cerebellar ataxia or parkinsonism. Clinical syndromes encompassing both parkinsonian and cerebellar features might represent a diagnostic challenge for neurologists. Recognizing acquired and potentially treatable causes responsible for complex movement disorders is of paramount importance, since an early diagnosis is essential to prevent permanent consequences. The present review aims to provide a pragmatic overview of the most common diseases characterized by the coexistence of cerebellar and parkinsonism features and suggests a possible diagnostic approach for both inherited and sporadic disorders. This article is part of the Special Issue "Parkinsonism across the spectrum of movement disorders and beyond" edited by Joseph Jankovic, Daniel D. Truong and Matteo Bologna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Franco
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Lazzeri
- Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy.
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38
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Penninck L, Ibrahim EC, Artiges E, Gorgievski V, Desrivières S, Farley S, Filippi I, de Macedo CEA, Belzeaux R, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Quinlan EB, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Brühl R, Nees F, Papadopoulos Orfanos D, Paus T, Poustka L, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Grenier J, Schumann G, Paillère Martinot ML, Tzavara ET, Martinot JL. Immune-Related Genetic Overlap Between Regional Gray Matter Reductions and Psychiatric Symptoms in Adolescents, and Gene-Set Validation in a Translational Model. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:725413. [PMID: 34658802 PMCID: PMC8514661 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.725413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of vulnerability for the maturation of gray matter (GM) and also for the onset of psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Chronic neuroinflammation is considered to play a role in the etiology of these illnesses. However, the involvement of neuroinflammation in the observed link between regional GM volume reductions and psychiatric symptoms is not established yet. Here, we investigated a possible common immune-related genetic link between these two phenomena in european adolescents recruited from the community. Hippocampal and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were defined a priori as regions of interest (ROIs). Their GM volumes were extracted in 1,563 14-year-olds from the IMAGEN database. We found a set of 26 SNPs that correlated with the hippocampal volumes and 29 with the mPFC volumes at age 14. We formed two ROI-Related Immune-gene scores (RRI) with the inflammation SNPs that correlated to hippocampal GM volume and to mPFC GM volume. The predictive ability of both RRIs with regards to the presence of psychiatric symptoms at age 18 was investigated by correlating the RRIs with psychometric questionnaires obtained at age 18. The RRIs (but not control scores constructed with random SNPs) correlated with the presence of depressive symptoms, positive psychotic symptoms, and externalizing symptoms in later adolescence. In addition, the effect of childhood maltreatment, one of the major environmental risk factors for depression and other mental disorders, interacted with the RRI effect. We next sought to validate this finding by investigating our set of inflammatory genes in a translational animal model of early life adversity. Mice were subjected to a protocol of maternal separation at an early post-natal age. We evaluated depressive behaviors in separated and non-separated mice at adolescence and their correlations with the concomitant expression of our genes in whole blood samples. We show that in mice, early life adversity affected the expression of our set of genes in peripheral blood, and that levels of expression correlated with symptoms of negative affect in adolescence. Overall, our translational findings in adolescent mice and humans provide a novel validated gene-set of immune-related genes for further research in the early stages of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Penninck
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 “Trajectoires Développementales en Psychiatrie”, Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - El Chérif Ibrahim
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Inst Neurosci Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 “Trajectoires Développementales en Psychiatrie”, Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- EPS Barthelemy Durand, Etampes, France
| | | | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Irina Filippi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 “Trajectoires Développementales en Psychiatrie”, Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Raoul Belzeaux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Inst Neurosci Timone, Marseille, France
- AP-HM, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire Solaris, Marseille, France
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L. W. Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CCM, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Brühl
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juliane H. Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CCM, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- PONS Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Humboldt University, Berlin and Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 “Trajectoires Développementales en Psychiatrie”, Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eleni T. Tzavara
- University of Paris, CNRS, INCC, Paris, France
- AP-HM, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire Solaris, Marseille, France
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 “Trajectoires Développementales en Psychiatrie”, Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Jafarzadeh Esfehani R, Eslahi A, Beiraghi Toosi M, Sadr-Nabavi A, Kerachian MA, Asl Mohajeri MS, Farjami M, Alizade F, Mojarrad M. PLA2G6 gene mutation and infantile neuroaxonal degeneration; report of three cases from Iran. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2021; 24:1190-1195. [PMID: 35083005 PMCID: PMC8751752 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.55082.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infantile neuroaxonal degeneration (INAD) is a rare subgroup of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) disorders. This progressive disorder may develop during the early years of life. Affected individuals mostly manifest developmental delay and/or psychomotor regression as well as other neurological deficits. In the present study, we discussed 3 INAD patients diagnosed before the age of 10 by using Whole-Exome Sequencing (WES). MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated 3 pediatric patients with clinical phenotypes of INAD who underwent WES. Sanger sequencing was performed for co-segregation analysis of the variants in the families. An in-silico study was conducted for identification of the molecular function of the identified genetic variants in the PLA2G6 gene. RESULTS We detected three novel genetic variants in the PLA2G6 gene including a homozygous missense (NM_003560.2; c.1949T>C; p.Phe650Ser), a splicing (NM_001349864; c.1266-1G>A) and a frameshift variant (NM_003560.4; c.1547_1548dupCG; p.Gly517ArgfsTer29). Since the variants were not previously reported in literature or population databases, we performed in-silico studies for these variants and demonstrated their potential pathogenicity. CONCLUSION The current study reports novel genetic variants in the PLA2G6 gene in the Iranian population, emphasizing the importance of high-throughput genetic testing in rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Jafarzadeh Esfehani
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding author: Majid Mojarrad, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +989158154330;
| | - Atieh Eslahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding author: Majid Mojarrad, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +989158154330;
| | - Mehran Beiraghi Toosi
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Ghaem Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad
| | - Ariane Sadr-Nabavi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, (ACECR), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Kerachian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sadat Asl Mohajeri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Farjami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Alizade
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Cavestro C, Panteghini C, Reale C, Nasca A, Fenu S, Salsano E, Chiapparini L, Garavaglia B, Pareyson D, Di Meo I, Tiranti V. Novel deep intronic mutation in PLA2G6 causing early-onset Parkinson's disease with brain iron accumulation through pseudo-exon activation. Neurogenetics 2021; 22:347-351. [PMID: 34387792 PMCID: PMC8426226 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-021-00667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PLA2G6 is the causative gene for a group of autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorders known as PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN). We present a case with early-onset parkinsonism, ataxia, cognitive decline, cerebellar atrophy, and brain iron accumulation. Sequencing of PLA2G6 coding regions identified only a heterozygous nonsense variant, but mRNA analysis revealed the presence of an aberrant transcript isoform due to a novel deep intronic variant (c.2035-274G > A) leading to activation of an intronic pseudo-exon. These results expand the genotypic spectrum of PLAN, showing the paramount importance of detecting possible pathogenic variants in deep intronic regions in undiagnosed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cavestro
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Celeste Panteghini
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Reale
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Nasca
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Fenu
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Salsano
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Chiapparini
- Unit of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivano Di Meo
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
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Bastioli G, Regoni M, Cazzaniga F, De Luca CMG, Bistaffa E, Zanetti L, Moda F, Valtorta F, Sassone J. Animal Models of Autosomal Recessive Parkinsonism. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070812. [PMID: 34356877 PMCID: PMC8301401 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder. The neuropathological hallmark of the disease is the loss of dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. The clinical manifestations of PD are bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremors and postural instability. PD patients often display non-motor symptoms such as depression, anxiety, weakness, sleep disturbances and cognitive disorders. Although, in 90% of cases, PD has a sporadic onset of unknown etiology, highly penetrant rare genetic mutations in many genes have been linked with typical familial PD. Understanding the mechanisms behind the DA neuron death in these Mendelian forms may help to illuminate the pathogenesis of DA neuron degeneration in the more common forms of PD. A key step in the identification of the molecular pathways underlying DA neuron death, and in the development of therapeutic strategies, is the creation and characterization of animal models that faithfully recapitulate the human disease. In this review, we outline the current status of PD modeling using mouse, rat and non-mammalian models, focusing on animal models for autosomal recessive PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Bastioli
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Regoni
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Cazzaniga
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.G.D.L.); (E.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Chiara Maria Giulia De Luca
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.G.D.L.); (E.B.); (F.M.)
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bistaffa
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.G.D.L.); (E.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Letizia Zanetti
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Moda
- Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.G.D.L.); (E.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Flavia Valtorta
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Jenny Sassone
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.); (L.Z.); (F.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Wang XS, Jiang L. [Research advances in the pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2021; 23:650-6. [PMID: 34130790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a group of rare neurogenetic degenerative diseases caused by genetic mutations and characterized by iron deposition in the central nervous system, especially in the basal ganglia, with an overall incidence rate of 2/1 000 000-3/1 000 000. Major clinical manifestations are extrapyramidal symptoms. This disease is presently classified into 14 different subtypes based on different pathogenic genes, and its pathogenesis and treatment remain unclear. This article summarizes the research advances in the pathogenesis and treatment of NBIA, so as to help pediatricians understand this disease and provide a reference for subsequent research on treatment.
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Toth-Bencsik R, Balicza P, Varga ET, Lengyel A, Rudas G, Gal A, Molnar MJ. New Insights of Phospholipase A2 Associated Neurodegeneration Phenotype Based on the Long-Term Follow-Up of a Large Hungarian Family. Front Genet 2021; 12:628904. [PMID: 34168672 PMCID: PMC8217829 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.628904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Phospholipase A2-associated Neurodegeneration (PLAN) is a group of neurodegenerative diseases associated with the alterations of PLA2G6. Some phenotype-genotype association are well known but there is no clear explanation why some cases can be classified into distinct subgroups, while others follow a continuous clinical spectrum. Methods Long-term neurological, and psychiatric follow-up, neuropathological, radiological, and genetic examinations, were performed in three affected girls and their family. Results Two 24-years old twins and their 22-years old sister harbored the p.P622S, and p.R600W mutation in PLA2G6. The age of onset and the most prominent presenting symptoms (gaze palsy, ataxia, dystonia, psychomotor regression indicated atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (ANAD), however, optic atrophy, severe tetraparesis would fit into infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD). All siblings had hyperintensity in the globi pallidi and substantiae nigrae which is reported in ANAD, whereas it is considered a later neuroradiological marker in INAD. The slow progression, rigidity, bradykinesis, and the prominent psychiatric symptoms indicate PLA2G6-related dystonia-parkinsonism. Abnormal mitochondria, lipid accumulation and axonal spheroids were observed in the muscle and nerve tissue. Brain deposition appeared 6 years following the initial cerebellar atrophy. Mild MRI alterations were detected in the asymptomatic carrier parents. Conclusion The colorful clinical symptoms, the slightly discordant phenotype, and the neuroimaging data in the family supports the view that despite the distinct definition of age-related phenotypes in PLAN, these are not strict disease categories, but rather a continuous phenotypic spectrum. The mild MRI alterations of the parents and the family history suggest that even heterozygous pathogenic variants might be associated with clinical symptoms, although systematic study is needed to prove this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Toth-Bencsik
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Balicza
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edina Timea Varga
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical and Pharmaceutical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andras Lengyel
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Rudas
- MR Research Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aniko Gal
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria Judit Molnar
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Hajati R, Emamikhah M, Danaee Fard F, Rohani M, Alavi A. Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation and a Brief Report of the Disease in Iran. Can J Neurol Sci 2021;:1-14. [PMID: 34082843 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2021.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a term used for a group of hereditary neurological disorders with abnormal accumulation of iron in basal ganglia. It is clinically and genetically heterogeneous with symptoms such as dystonia, dysarthria, Parkinsonism, intellectual disability, and spasticity. The age at onset and rate of progression are variable among individuals. Current therapies are exclusively symptomatic and unable to hinder the disease progression. Approximately 16 genes have been identified and affiliated to such condition with different functions such as iron metabolism (only two genes: Ferritin Light Chain (FTL) Ceruloplasmin (CP)), lipid metabolism, lysosomal functions, and autophagy process, but some functions have remained unknown so far. Subgroups of NBIA are categorized based on the mutant genes. Although in the last 10 years, the development of whole-exome sequencing (WES) technology has promoted the identification of disease-causing genes, there seem to be some unknown genes and our knowledge about the molecular aspects and pathogenesis of NBIA is not complete yet. There is currently no comprehensive study about the NBIA in Iran; however, one of the latest discovered NBIA genes, GTP-binding protein 2 (GTPBP2), has been identified in an Iranian family, and there are some patients who have genetically remained unknown.
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Abstract
Professor Kurt Jellinger is well known for his seminal work on the neuropathology of age-associated neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Lewy body diseases. However, it is less well known that he also contributed important insights into the neuropathological features of several paediatric neurometabolic diseases, including Alpers–Huttenlocher syndrome, a syndrome of mitochondrial disease caused by POLG mutations, and infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, a phenotype resulting from PLA2G6 mutations. Despite these rare diseases occurring in early life, they share many important pathological overlaps with age-associated Lewy body disease, particularly dysregulation of α-synuclein. In this review, we describe several neurometabolic diseases linked to Lewy body disease mechanisms, and discuss the wider context to pathological overlaps between neurometabolic and Lewy body diseases. In particular, we will focus on how understanding disease mechanisms in neurometabolic disorders with dysregulated α-synuclein may generate insights into predisposing factors for α-synuclein aggregation in idiopathic Lewy body diseases.
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de Oliveira P, Montanaro V, Carvalho D, Martins B, Ferreira A, Cardoso F. Severe Early-Onset Parkinsonian Syndrome Caused by PLA2G6 Heterozygous Variants. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2021; 8:794-796. [PMID: 34307755 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pérola de Oliveira
- Department of Neurology SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals Brasília Brazil
| | - Vinicius Montanaro
- Department of Neurology SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals Brasília Brazil
| | - Daniel Carvalho
- Department of Genetic SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals Brasília Brazil
| | - Bernardo Martins
- Department of Radiology SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals Brasília Brazil
| | - Alessandra Ferreira
- Department of Genetic SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals Brasília Brazil
| | - Francisco Cardoso
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Medicine Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
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Iankova V, Karin I, Klopstock T, Schneider SA. Emerging Disease-Modifying Therapies in Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA) Disorders. Front Neurol 2021; 12:629414. [PMID: 33935938 PMCID: PMC8082061 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.629414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA) is a heterogeneous group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases characterized by iron deposition in the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra. As of today, 15 distinct monogenetic disease entities have been identified. The four most common forms are pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), phospholipase A2 group VI (PLA2G6)-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN), beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) and mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration (MPAN). Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation disorders present with a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms such as movement disorder signs (dystonia, parkinsonism, chorea), pyramidal involvement (e.g., spasticity), speech disorders, cognitive decline, psychomotor retardation, and ocular abnormalities. Treatment remains largely symptomatic but new drugs are in the pipeline. In this review, we discuss the rationale of new compounds, summarize results from clinical trials, provide an overview of important results in cell lines and animal models and discuss the future development of disease-modifying therapies for NBIA disorders. A general mechanistic approach for treatment of NBIA disorders is with iron chelators which bind and remove iron. Few studies investigated the effect of deferiprone in PKAN, including a recent placebo-controlled double-blind multicenter trial, demonstrating radiological improvement with reduction of iron load in the basal ganglia and a trend to slowing of disease progression. Disease-modifying strategies address the specific metabolic pathways of the affected enzyme. Such tailor-made approaches include provision of an alternative substrate (e.g., fosmetpantotenate or 4′-phosphopantetheine for PKAN) in order to bypass the defective enzyme. A recent randomized controlled trial of fosmetpantotenate, however, did not show any significant benefit of the drug as compared to placebo, leading to early termination of the trials' extension phase. 4′-phosphopantetheine showed promising results in animal models and a clinical study in patients is currently underway. Another approach is the activation of other enzyme isoforms using small molecules (e.g., PZ-2891 in PKAN). There are also compounds which counteract downstream cellular effects. For example, deuterated polyunsaturated fatty acids (D-PUFA) may reduce mitochondrial lipid peroxidation in PLAN. In infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (a subtype of PLAN), desipramine may be repurposed as it blocks ceramide accumulation. Gene replacement therapy is still in a preclinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilena Iankova
- Department of Neurology With Friedrich Baur Institute, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ivan Karin
- Department of Neurology With Friedrich Baur Institute, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology With Friedrich Baur Institute, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne A Schneider
- Department of Neurology With Friedrich Baur Institute, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Ahn H, Moon HJ, Jeon B. A Case of PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration with Frequent Myoclonus And Generalized Onset Tonic-Clonic Seizures: Successful Treatment with Zonisamide. J Clin Neurol 2021; 17:319-321. [PMID: 33835755 PMCID: PMC8053536 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2021.17.2.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongchul Ahn
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Moon
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea.
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Erskine D, Koss D, Korolchuk VI, Outeiro TF, Attems J, McKeith I. Lipids, lysosomes and mitochondria: insights into Lewy body formation from rare monogenic disorders. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 141:511-526. [PMID: 33515275 PMCID: PMC7952289 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of the protein α-synuclein into insoluble intracellular deposits termed Lewy bodies (LBs) is the characteristic neuropathological feature of LB diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with LB (DLB). α-Synuclein aggregation is thought to be a critical pathogenic event in the aetiology of LB disease, based on genetic analyses, fundamental studies using model systems, and the observation of LB pathology in post-mortem tissue. However, some monogenic disorders not traditionally characterised as synucleinopathies, such as lysosomal storage disorders, iron storage disorders and mitochondrial diseases, appear disproportionately vulnerable to the deposition of LBs, perhaps suggesting the process of LB formation may be a result of processes perturbed as a result of these conditions. The present review discusses biological pathways common to monogenic disorders associated with LB formation, identifying catabolic processes, particularly related to lipid homeostasis, autophagy and mitochondrial function, as processes that could contribute to LB formation. These findings are discussed in the context of known mediators of α-synuclein aggregation, highlighting the potential influence of impairments to these processes in the aetiology of LB formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Erskine
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - David Koss
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Viktor I Korolchuk
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
- Scientific Employee With an Honorary Contract at Deutsches Zentrum Für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Attems
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ian McKeith
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Vos M, Klein C. The Importance of Drosophila melanogaster Research to UnCover Cellular Pathways Underlying Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:579. [PMID: 33800736 PMCID: PMC7998316 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that is currently incurable. As a consequence of an incomplete understanding of the etiology of the disease, therapeutic strategies mainly focus on symptomatic treatment. Even though the majority of PD cases remain idiopathic (~90%), several genes have been identified to be causative for PD, facilitating the generation of animal models that are a good alternative to study disease pathways and to increase our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of PD. Drosophila melanogaster has proven to be an excellent model in these studies. In this review, we will discuss the different PD models in flies and key findings identified in flies in different affected pathways in PD. Several molecular changes have been identified, of which mitochondrial dysfunction and a defective endo-lysosomal pathway emerge to be the most relevant for PD pathogenesis. Studies in flies have significantly contributed to our knowledge of how disease genes affect and interact in these pathways enabling a better understanding of the disease etiology and providing possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of PD, some of which have already resulted in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Vos
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Building 67, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Building 67, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
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