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Huynh N, Deshpande G. A review of the applications of generative adversarial networks to structural and functional MRI based diagnostic classification of brain disorders. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1333712. [PMID: 38686334 PMCID: PMC11057233 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1333712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) based diagnostic classification using machine learning has long held promise, but there are many roadblocks to achieving their potential. While traditional machine learning models suffered from their inability to capture the complex non-linear mapping, deep learning models tend to overfit the model. This is because there is data scarcity and imbalanced classes in neuroimaging; it is expensive to acquire data from human subjects and even more so in clinical populations. Due to their ability to augment data by learning underlying distributions, generative adversarial networks (GAN) provide a potential solution to this problem. Here, we provide a methodological primer on GANs and review the applications of GANs to classification of mental health disorders from neuroimaging data such as functional MRI and showcase the progress made thus far. We also highlight gaps in methodology as well as interpretability that are yet to be addressed. This provides directions about how the field can move forward. We suggest that since there are a range of methodological choices available to users, it is critical for users to interact with method developers so that the latter can tailor their development according to the users' needs. The field can be enriched by such synthesis between method developers and users in neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huynh
- Auburn University Neuroimaging Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Gopikrishna Deshpande
- Auburn University Neuroimaging Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Department of Heritage Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
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Zhang Y, Xue L, Zhang S, Yang J, Zhang Q, Wang M, Wang L, Zhang M, Jiang J, Li Y. A novel spatiotemporal graph convolutional network framework for functional connectivity biomarkers identification of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:60. [PMID: 38481280 PMCID: PMC10938710 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional connectivity (FC) biomarkers play a crucial role in the early diagnosis and mechanistic study of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the identification of effective FC biomarkers remains challenging. In this study, we introduce a novel approach, the spatiotemporal graph convolutional network (ST-GCN) combined with the gradient-based class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) model (STGC-GCAM), to effectively identify FC biomarkers for AD. METHODS This multi-center cross-racial retrospective study involved 2,272 participants, including 1,105 cognitively normal (CN) subjects, 790 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals, and 377 AD patients. All participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and T1-weighted MRI scans. In this study, firstly, we optimized the STGC-GCAM model to enhance classification accuracy. Secondly, we identified novel AD-associated biomarkers using the optimized model. Thirdly, we validated the imaging biomarkers using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Lastly, we performed correlation analysis and causal mediation analysis to confirm the physiological significance of the identified biomarkers. RESULTS The STGC-GCAM model demonstrated great classification performance (The average area under the curve (AUC) values for different categories were: CN vs MCI = 0.98, CN vs AD = 0.95, MCI vs AD = 0.96, stable MCI vs progressive MCI = 0.79). Notably, the model identified specific brain regions, including the sensorimotor network (SMN), visual network (VN), and default mode network (DMN), as key differentiators between patients and CN individuals. These brain regions exhibited significant associations with the severity of cognitive impairment (p < 0.05). Moreover, the topological features of important brain regions demonstrated excellent predictive capability for the conversion from MCI to AD (Hazard ratio = 3.885, p < 0.001). Additionally, our findings revealed that the topological features of these brain regions mediated the impact of amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition (bootstrapped average causal mediation effect: β = -0.01 [-0.025, 0.00], p < 0.001) and brain glucose metabolism (bootstrapped average causal mediation effect: β = -0.02 [-0.04, -0.001], p < 0.001) on cognitive status. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the STGC-GCAM framework, which identifies FC biomarkers using a large multi-site fMRI dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Le Xue
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuoyan Zhang
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jiacheng Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Mingkai Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Jiehui Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Shanghai, 201399, Pudong, China.
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Wheeler KV, Irimia A, Braskie MN. Using Neuroimaging to Study Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Its Relationship to Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1479-1502. [PMID: 38306032 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by amyloid-β aggregation in the media and adventitia of the leptomeningeal and cortical blood vessels. CAA is one of the strongest vascular contributors to Alzheimer's disease (AD). It frequently co-occurs in AD patients, but the relationship between CAA and AD is incompletely understood. CAA may drive AD risk through damage to the neurovascular unit and accelerate parenchymal amyloid and tau deposition. Conversely, early AD may also drive CAA through cerebrovascular remodeling that impairs blood vessels from clearing amyloid-β. Sole reliance on autopsy examination to study CAA limits researchers' ability to investigate CAA's natural disease course and the effect of CAA on cognitive decline. Neuroimaging allows for in vivo assessment of brain function and structure and can be leveraged to investigate CAA staging and explore its associations with AD. In this review, we will discuss neuroimaging modalities that can be used to investigate markers associated with CAA that may impact AD vulnerability including hemorrhages and microbleeds, blood-brain barrier permeability disruption, reduced cerebral blood flow, amyloid and tau accumulation, white matter tract disruption, reduced cerebrovascular reactivity, and lowered brain glucose metabolism. We present possible areas for research inquiry to advance biomarker discovery and improve diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koral V Wheeler
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina Del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Corwin D. Denney Research Center, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meredith N Braskie
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina Del Rey, CA, USA
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Zheng C, Zhao W, Yang Z, Guo S. Functional connectome hierarchy dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and its relationship with cognition and gene expression profiling. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25280. [PMID: 38284860 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Numerous researches have shown that the human brain organizes as a continuum axis crossing from sensory motor to transmodal cortex. Functional network alterations were commonly found in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether the hierarchy of AD brain networks has changed and how these changes related to gene expression profiling and cognition is unclear. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 233 subjects (185 AD patients and 48 healthy controls), we studied the changes in the functional network gradients in AD. Moreover, we investigated the relationships between gradient alterations and cognition, and gene expression profiling, respectively. We found that the second gradient organizes as a continuum axis crossing from the sensory motor to the transmodal cortex. Compared to the healthy controls, the secondary gradient scores of the visual and somatomotor network (SOM) increased significantly in AD, and the secondary gradient scores of default mode and frontoparietal network decreased significantly in AD. The secondary gradient scores of SOM and salience network (SAL) significantly positively correlated with memory function in AD. The secondary gradient in SAL also significantly positively correlated with language function. The AD-related second gradient alterations were spatially associated with the gene expression and the relevant genes enriched in neurobiology-related pathways, specially expressed in various tissues, cell types, and developmental stages. These findings suggested the changes in the functional network gradients in AD and deepened our understanding of the correlation between macroscopic gradient structure and microscopic gene expression profiling in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Zheng
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Statistics and Data Science, Hunan Normal University, College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Statistics and Data Science, Hunan Normal University, College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Statistics and Data Science, Hunan Normal University, College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Shuixia Guo
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Statistics and Data Science, Hunan Normal University, College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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Nanousi V, Kalogeraki K, Smyrnaiou A, Tola M, Bokari F, Georgopoulos VC. The Development of a Pilot App Targeting Short-Term and Prospective Memory in People Diagnosed with Dementia. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:752. [PMID: 37754030 PMCID: PMC10525938 DOI: 10.3390/bs13090752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the World Health Organization, people suffering from dementia exhibit a serious decline in various cognitive domains and especially in memory. AIMS This study aims to create a pilot computer app to enhance short-term memory and prospective memory in individuals with dementia using errorless learning based on their individualized needs. METHODS Fifteen dementia patients and matched controls, matched for age, sex, and education, were selected. Their daily routines were analyzed, and cognitive abilities were assessed using the MoCA test. Considering the participants' illness severity and daily needs, the pilot app was designed to aid in remembering daily tasks (taking medication and meals), object locations, and familiar faces and names. RESULTS An improvement in patients' short-term and prospective memory throughout the training sessions, but not in overall cognitive functioning was observed. A statistically significant difference between patients and healthy controls was indicated in their ability to retain information relevant to them in their short-term memory, or to remember to act in the future following schedules organized at present (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This app appears beneficial for training dementia patients and healthy individuals in addressing memory challenges. RECOMMENDATION While the pilot app showed promise, further research with larger samples is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Nanousi
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kalogeraki
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Smyrnaiou
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Manila Tola
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Foteini Bokari
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Voula Chris Georgopoulos
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Primary Health Care Laboratory, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Iinuma Y, Nobukawa S, Nishimura H, Takahashi T. Dynamic Characteristics of State Transitions Composed of Neural Activity in the Brain by Circadian Rhythms. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:152-157. [PMID: 36085992 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, as a treatment for mental disorders in addition to drug treatment, a non-drug treatment called chronotherapy has been attracting attention. However, the achievement of optimized chronotherapy for each subject's condition requires that the disturbance of the patient's circadian rhythm must be captured over a long duration. Therefore, it is necessary to develop biomarkers that are easy to measure, quantitative, and continuously measured. Complexity analysis of electroencephalograms revealed specific patterns related to circadian rhythms. However, such complexity analysis cannot capture variability in spatial patterns, although moment-to-moment temporal dynamic characteristics can be captured. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of the interaction of neural activity throughout the brain. To evaluate the dynamic whole-brain interaction, we proposed a new microstate approach based on the instantaneous frequency distribution. In this context, we hypothesized that it would be possible to detect circadian rhythms using the microstate approach. In this study, to clarify the dynamic interactions of the entire neural network of the brain by circadian rhythms, we measured EEG data at day and night, and detected dynamic state transitions based on the instantaneous frequency distribution of the whole brain from EEG. The results showed the probability of transition among region-specific phase-leading states related to circadian rhythms. This finding might be widely utilized to detect circadian rhythms in healthy and pathological conditions.
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Interindividual variability of functional connectome in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2021; 235:65-73. [PMID: 34329851 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder that displays an outstanding interindividual variability in clinical manifestation and neurobiological substrates. A better characterization and quantification of this heterogeneity could guide the search for both common abnormalities (linked to lower intersubject variability) and the presence of biological subtypes (leading to a greater heterogeneity across subjects). In the current study, we address interindividual variability in functional connectome by means of resting-state fMRI in a large sample of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Among the different metrics of distance/dissimilarity used to assess variability, geodesic distance showed robust results to head motion. The main findings of the current study point to (i) a higher between subject heterogeneity in the functional connectome of patients, (ii) variable levels of heterogeneity throughout the cortex, with greater variability in frontoparietal and default mode networks, and lower variability in the salience network, and (iii) an association of whole-brain variability with levels of clinical symptom severity and with topological properties of brain networks, suggesting that the average functional connectome overrepresents those patients with lower functional integration and with more severe clinical symptoms. Moreover, after performing a graph theoretical analysis of brain networks, we found that patients with more severe clinical symptoms had decreased connectivity at both whole-brain level and within the salience network, and that patients with higher negative symptoms had large-scale functional integration deficits.
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Ibrahim B, Suppiah S, Ibrahim N, Mohamad M, Hassan HA, Nasser NS, Saripan MI. Diagnostic power of resting-state fMRI for detection of network connectivity in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:2941-2968. [PMID: 33942449 PMCID: PMC8127155 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting‐state fMRI (rs‐fMRI) detects functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities that occur in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). FC of the default mode network (DMN) is commonly impaired in AD and MCI. We conducted a systematic review aimed at determining the diagnostic power of rs‐fMRI to identify FC abnormalities in the DMN of patients with AD or MCI compared with healthy controls (HCs) using machine learning (ML) methods. Multimodal support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was the commonest form of ML method utilized. Multiple kernel approach can be utilized to aid in the classification by incorporating various discriminating features, such as FC graphs based on “nodes” and “edges” together with structural MRI‐based regional cortical thickness and gray matter volume. Other multimodal features include neuropsychiatric testing scores, DTI features, and regional cerebral blood flow. Among AD patients, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/Precuneus was noted to be a highly affected hub of the DMN that demonstrated overall reduced FC. Whereas reduced DMN FC between the PCC and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was observed in MCI patients. Evidence indicates that the nodes of the DMN can offer moderate to high diagnostic power to distinguish AD and MCI patients. Nevertheless, various concerns over the homogeneity of data based on patient selection, scanner effects, and the variable usage of classifiers and algorithms pose a challenge for ML‐based image interpretation of rs‐fMRI datasets to become a mainstream option for diagnosing AD and predicting the conversion of HC/MCI to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buhari Ibrahim
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bauchi State University Gadau, Gadau, Nigeria
| | - Subapriya Suppiah
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Normala Ibrahim
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mazlyfarina Mohamad
- Centre for Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hasyma Abu Hassan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nisha Syed Nasser
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Iqbal Saripan
- Department of Computer and Communication System Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Diao Y, Yin T, Gruetter R, Jelescu IO. PIRACY: An Optimized Pipeline for Functional Connectivity Analysis in the Rat Brain. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:602170. [PMID: 33841071 PMCID: PMC8032956 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.602170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) is a widespread and powerful tool for investigating functional connectivity (FC) and brain disorders. However, FC analysis can be seriously affected by random and structured noise from non-neural sources, such as physiology. Thus, it is essential to first reduce thermal noise and then correctly identify and remove non-neural artifacts from rs-fMRI signals through optimized data processing methods. However, existing tools that correct for these effects have been developed for human brain and are not readily transposable to rat data. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to establish a data processing pipeline that can robustly remove random and structured noise from rat rs-fMRI data. It includes a novel denoising approach based on the Marchenko-Pastur Principal Component Analysis (MP-PCA) method, FMRIB's ICA-based Xnoiseifier (FIX) for automatic artifact classification and cleaning, and global signal regression (GSR). Our results show that: (I) MP-PCA denoising substantially improves the temporal signal-to-noise ratio, (II) the pre-trained FIX classifier achieves a high accuracy in artifact classification, and (III) both independent component analysis (ICA) cleaning and GSR are essential steps in correcting for possible artifacts and minimizing the within-group variability in control animals while maintaining typical connectivity patterns. Reduced within-group variability also facilitates the exploration of potential between-group FC changes, as illustrated here in a rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Diao
- Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Fonctionnelle et Métabolique, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ting Yin
- Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Fonctionnelle et Métabolique, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ileana O. Jelescu
- Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Crosstalk between Depression and Dementia with Resting-State fMRI Studies and Its Relationship with Cognitive Functioning. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010082. [PMID: 33467174 PMCID: PMC7830949 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, and depression is a risk factor for developing AD. Epidemiological studies provide a clinical correlation between late-life depression (LLD) and AD. Depression patients generally remit with no residual symptoms, but LLD patients demonstrate residual cognitive impairment. Due to the lack of effective treatments, understanding how risk factors affect the course of AD is essential to manage AD. Advances in neuroimaging, including resting-state functional MRI (fMRI), have been used to address neural systems that contribute to clinical symptoms and functional changes across various psychiatric disorders. Resting-state fMRI studies have contributed to understanding each of the two diseases, but the link between LLD and AD has not been fully elucidated. This review focuses on three crucial and well-established networks in AD and LLD and discusses the impacts on cognitive decline, clinical symptoms, and prognosis. Three networks are the (1) default mode network, (2) executive control network, and (3) salience network. The multiple properties emphasized here, relevant for the hypothesis of the linkage between LLD and AD, will be further developed by ongoing future studies.
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Zuo X, Zhuang J, Chen NK, Cousins S, Cunha P, Lad EM, Madden DJ, Potter G, Whitson HE. Relationship between neural functional connectivity and memory performance in age-related macular degeneration. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 95:176-185. [PMID: 32829250 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has been linked to memory deficits, with no established neural mechanisms. We collected resting-state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging and standardized verbal recall tests from 42 older adults with AMD and 41 age-matched controls. We used seed-based whole brain analysis to quantify the strength of functional connectivity between hubs of the default mode network and a network of medial temporal regions relevant for memory. Our results indicated neither memory performance nor network connectivity differed by AMD status. However, the AMD participants exhibited stronger relationships than the controls between memory performance and connectivity from the memory network hub (left parahippocampal) to 2 other regions: the left temporal pole and the right superior/middle frontal gyri. Also, the connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex of default mode network correlated more strongly with memory performance in AMD compared to control. We concluded that stronger brain-behavior correlation in AMD may suggest a role for region-specific connectivity in supporting memory in the context of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Zuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA; Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nan-Kuei Chen
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Scott Cousins
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Priscila Cunha
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eleonora M Lad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David J Madden
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Guy Potter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Heather E Whitson
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Medicine (Geriatrics), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Geriatrics Research Education & Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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De Blasi B, Caciagli L, Storti SF, Galovic M, Koepp M, Menegaz G, Barnes A, Galazzo IB. Noise removal in resting-state and task fMRI: functional connectivity and activation maps. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:046040. [PMID: 32663803 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aba5cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blood-oxygenated-level dependent (BOLD)-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a widely used non-invasive tool for mapping brain function and connectivity. However, the BOLD signal is highly affected by non-neuronal contributions arising from head motion, physiological noise and scanner artefacts. Therefore, it is necessary to recover the signal of interest from the other noise-related fluctuations to obtain reliable functional connectivity (FC) results. Several pre-processing pipelines have been developed, mainly based on nuisance regression and independent component analysis (ICA). The aim of this work was to investigate the impact of seven widely used denoising methods on both resting-state and task fMRI. APPROACH Task fMRI can provide some ground truth given that the task administered has well established brain activations. The resulting cleaned data were compared using a wide range of measures: motion evaluation and data quality, resting-state networks and task activations, FC. MAIN RESULTS Improved signal quality and reduced motion artefacts were obtained with all advanced pipelines, compared to the minimally pre-processed data. Larger variability was observed in the case of brain activation and FC estimates, with ICA-based pipelines generally achieving more reliable and accurate results. SIGNIFICANCE This work provides an evidence-based reference for investigators to choose the most appropriate method for their study and data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca De Blasi
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Dipasquale O, Martins D, Sethi A, Veronese M, Hesse S, Rullmann M, Sabri O, Turkheimer F, Harrison NA, Mehta MA, Cercignani M. Unravelling the effects of methylphenidate on the dopaminergic and noradrenergic functional circuits. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1482-1489. [PMID: 32473593 PMCID: PMC7360745 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be combined with drugs to investigate the system-level functional responses in the brain to such challenges. However, most psychoactive agents act on multiple neurotransmitters, limiting the ability of fMRI to identify functional effects related to actions on discrete pharmacological targets. We recently introduced a multimodal approach, REACT (Receptor-Enriched Analysis of functional Connectivity by Targets), which offers the opportunity to disentangle effects of drugs on different neurotransmitters and clarify the biological mechanisms driving clinical efficacy and side effects of a compound. Here, we focus on methylphenidate (MPH), which binds to the dopamine transporter (DAT) and the norepinephrine transporter (NET), to unravel its effects on dopaminergic and noradrenergic functional circuits in the healthy brain at rest. We then explored the relationship between these target-enriched resting state functional connectivity (FC) maps and inter-individual variability in behavioural responses to a reinforcement-learning task encompassing a novelty manipulation to disentangle the molecular systems underlying specific cognitive/behavioural effects. Our main analysis showed a significant MPH-induced FC increase in sensorimotor areas in the functional circuit associated with DAT. In our exploratory analysis, we found that MPH-induced regional variations in the DAT and NET-enriched FC maps were significantly correlated with some of the inter-individual differences on key behavioural responses associated with the reinforcement-learning task. Our findings show that main MPH-related FC changes at rest can be understood through the distribution of DAT in the brain. Furthermore, they suggest that when compounds have mixed pharmacological profiles, REACT may be able to capture regional functional effects that are underpinned by the same cognitive mechanism but are related to engagement of distinct molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia Dipasquale
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Daniel Martins
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Arjun Sethi
- Forensic & Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Swen Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Rullmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Neil A Harrison
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mitul A Mehta
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mara Cercignani
- Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
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14
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Liu Y, Perez PD, Ma Z, Ma Z, Dopfel D, Cramer S, Tu W, Zhang N. An open database of resting-state fMRI in awake rats. Neuroimage 2020; 220:117094. [PMID: 32610063 PMCID: PMC7605641 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent models are essential to translational research in health and disease. Investigation in rodent brain function and organization at the systems level using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) has become increasingly popular. Due to this rapid progress, publicly shared rodent rsfMRI databases can be of particular interest and importance to the scientific community, as inspired by human neuroscience and psychiatric research that are substantially facilitated by open human neuroimaging datasets. However, such databases in rats are still rare. In this paper, we share an open rsfMRI database acquired in 90 rats with a well-established awake imaging paradigm that avoids anesthesia interference. Both raw and preprocessed data are made publicly available. Procedures in data preprocessing to remove artefacts induced by the scanner, head motion and non-neural physiological noise are described in details. We also showcase inter-regional functional connectivity and functional networks obtained from the database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Pablo D Perez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zilu Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zhiwei Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - David Dopfel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Samuel Cramer
- Neuroscience Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Wenyu Tu
- Neuroscience Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Neuroscience Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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15
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Dipasquale O, Selvaggi P, Veronese M, Gabay AS, Turkheimer F, Mehta MA. Receptor-Enriched Analysis of functional connectivity by targets (REACT): A novel, multimodal analytical approach informed by PET to study the pharmacodynamic response of the brain under MDMA. Neuroimage 2019; 195:252-260. [PMID: 30953835 PMCID: PMC6547164 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main limitations of pharmacological fMRI is its inability to provide a molecular insight into the main effect of compounds, leaving an open question about the relationship between drug effects and haemodynamic response. The aim of this study is to investigate the acute effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on functional connectivity (FC) using a novel multimodal method (Receptor-Enriched Analysis of functional Connectivity by Targets - REACT). This approach enriches the resting state (rs-)fMRI analysis with the molecular information about the distribution density of serotonin receptors in the brain, given the serotonergic action of MDMA. Twenty healthy subjects participated in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. A high-resolution in vivo atlas of four serotonin receptors (5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT4) and its transporter (5-HTT) was used as a template in a two-step multivariate regression analysis to estimate the spatial maps reflecting the whole-brain connectivity behaviour related to each target under placebo and MDMA. Results showed that the networks exhibiting significant changes after MDMA administration are the ones informed by the 5-HTT and 5-HT1A distribution density maps, which are the main targets of this compound. Changes in the 5-HT1A-enriched functional maps were also associated with the pharmacokinetic levels of MDMA and MDMA-induced FC changes in the 5-HT2A-enriched maps correlated with the spiritual experience subscale of the Altered States of Consciousness Questionnaire. By enriching the rs-fMRI analysis with molecular data of voxel-wise distribution of the serotonin receptors across the brain, we showed that MDMA effects on FC can be understood through the distribution of its main targets. This result supports the ability of this method to characterise the specificity of the functional response of the brain to MDMA binding to serotonergic receptors, paving the way to the definition of a new fingerprint in the characterization of new compounds and potentially to a further understanding to the response to treatment. MDMA connectivity effects understood through the distribution of 5-HT1A and 5-HTT. Direct link between PK levels of MDMA and 5-HT1A-enriched functional connectivity maps. Ability to link receptor targets to functional mechanisms underlying behaviour. Mapping pharmacodynamic effects onto the drug's molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia Dipasquale
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Pierluigi Selvaggi
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony S Gabay
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mitul A Mehta
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Huotari N, Raitamaa L, Helakari H, Kananen J, Raatikainen V, Rasila A, Tuovinen T, Kantola J, Borchardt V, Kiviniemi VJ, Korhonen VO. Sampling Rate Effects on Resting State fMRI Metrics. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:279. [PMID: 31001071 PMCID: PMC6454039 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Low image sampling rates used in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) may cause aliasing of the cardiorespiratory pulsations over the very low frequency (VLF) BOLD signal fluctuations which reflects to functional connectivity (FC). In this study, we examine the effect of sampling rate on currently used rs-fMRI FC metrics. Ultra-fast fMRI magnetic resonance encephalography (MREG) data, sampled with TR 0.1 s, was downsampled to different subsampled repetition times (sTR, range 0.3–3 s) for comparisons. Echo planar k-space sampling (TR 2.15 s) and interleaved slice collection schemes were also compared against the 3D single shot trajectory at 2.2 s sTR. The quantified connectivity metrics included stationary spatial, time, and frequency domains, as well as dynamic analyses. Time domain methods included analyses of seed-based functional connectivity, regional homogeneity (ReHo), coefficient of variation, and spatial domain group level probabilistic independent component analysis (ICA). In frequency domain analyses, we examined fractional and amplitude of low frequency fluctuations. Aliasing effects were spatially and spectrally analyzed by comparing VLF (0.01–0.1 Hz), respiratory (0.12–0.35 Hz) and cardiac power (0.9–1.3 Hz) FFT maps at different sTRs. Quasi-periodic pattern (QPP) of VLF events were analyzed for effects on dynamic FC methods. The results in conventional time and spatial domain analyses remained virtually unchanged by the different sampling rates. In frequency domain, the aliasing occurred mainly in higher sTR (1–2 s) where cardiac power aliases over respiratory power. The VLF power maps suffered minimally from increasing sTRs. Interleaved data reconstruction induced lower ReHo compared to 3D sampling (p < 0.001). Gradient recalled echo-planar imaging (EPI BOLD) data produced both better and worse metrics. In QPP analyses, the repeatability of the VLF pulse detection becomes linearly reduced with increasing sTR. In conclusion, the conventional resting state metrics (e.g., FC, ICA) were not markedly affected by different TRs (0.1–3 s). However, cardiorespiratory signals showed strongest aliasing in central brain regions in sTR 1–2 s. Pulsatile QPP and other dynamic analyses benefit linearly from short TR scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Huotari
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lauri Raitamaa
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heta Helakari
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Janne Kananen
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ville Raatikainen
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aleksi Rasila
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Tuovinen
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jussi Kantola
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Viola Borchardt
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa J Kiviniemi
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa O Korhonen
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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17
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Saba V, Premi E, Cristillo V, Gazzina S, Palluzzi F, Zanetti O, Gasparotti R, Padovani A, Borroni B, Grassi M. Brain Connectivity and Information-Flow Breakdown Revealed by a Minimum Spanning Tree-Based Analysis of MRI Data in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:211. [PMID: 30930736 PMCID: PMC6427927 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain functional disruption and cognitive shortfalls as consequences of neurodegeneration are among the most investigated aspects in current clinical research. Traditionally, specific anatomical and behavioral traits have been associated with neurodegeneration, thus directly translatable in clinical terms. However, these qualitative traits, do not account for the extensive information flow breakdown within the functional brain network that deeply affect cognitive skills. Behavioural variant Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by behavioral and executive functions disturbances. Deviations from the physiological cognitive functioning can be accurately inferred and modeled from functional connectivity alterations. Although the need for unbiased metrics is still an open issue in imaging studies, the graph-theory approach applied to neuroimaging techniques is becoming popular in the study of brain dysfunction. In this work, we assessed the global connectivity and topological alterations among brain regions in bvFTD patients using a minimum spanning tree (MST) based analysis of resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data. Whilst several graph theoretical methods require arbitrary criteria (including the choice of network construction thresholds and weight normalization methods), MST is an unambiguous modeling solution, ensuring accuracy, robustness, and reproducibility. MST networks of 116 regions of interest (ROIs) were built on wavelet correlation matrices, extracted from 41 bvFTD patients and 39 healthy controls (HC). We observed a global fragmentation of the functional network backbone with severe disruption of information-flow highways. Frontotemporal areas were less compact, more isolated, and concentrated in less integrated structures, respect to healthy subjects. Our results reflected such complex breakdown of the frontal and temporal areas at both intra-regional and long-range connections. Our findings highlighted that MST, in conjunction with rs-fMRI data, was an effective method for quantifying and detecting functional brain network impairments, leading to characteristic bvFTD cognitive, social, and executive functions disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Saba
- Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Premi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Viviana Cristillo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Gazzina
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fernando Palluzzi
- Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Orazio Zanetti
- Alzheimer's Research Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Padovani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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18
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Boscolo Galazzo I, Storti SF, Barnes A, De Blasi B, De Vita E, Koepp M, Duncan JS, Groves A, Pizzini FB, Menegaz G, Fraioli F. Arterial Spin Labeling Reveals Disrupted Brain Networks and Functional Connectivity in Drug-Resistant Temporal Epilepsy. Front Neuroinform 2019; 12:101. [PMID: 30894811 PMCID: PMC6414423 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2018.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting-state networks (RSNs) and functional connectivity (FC) have been increasingly exploited for mapping brain activity and identifying abnormalities in pathologies, including epilepsy. The majority of studies currently available are based on blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) contrast in combination with either independent component analysis (ICA) or pairwise region of interest (ROI) correlations. Despite its success, this approach has several shortcomings as BOLD is only an indirect and non-quantitative measure of brain activity. Conversely, promising results have recently been achieved by arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI, primarily developed to quantify brain perfusion. However, the wide application of ASL-based FC has been hampered by its complexity and relatively low robustness to noise, leaving several aspects of this approach still largely unexplored. In this study, we firstly aimed at evaluating the effect of noise reduction on spatio-temporal ASL analyses and quantifying the impact of two ad-hoc processing pipelines (basic and advanced) on connectivity measures. Once the optimal strategy had been defined, we investigated the applicability of ASL for connectivity mapping in patients with drug-resistant temporal epilepsy vs. controls (10 per group), aiming at revealing between-group voxel-wise differences in each RSN and ROI-wise FC changes. We first found ASL was able to identify the main network (DMN) along with all the others generally detected with BOLD but never previously reported from ASL. For all RSNs, ICA-based denoising (advanced pipeline) allowed to increase their similarity with the corresponding BOLD template. ASL-based RSNs were visibly consistent with literature findings; however, group differences could be identified in the structure of some networks. Indeed, statistics revealed areas of significant FC decrease in patients within different RSNs, such as DMN and cerebellum (CER), while significant increases were found in some cases, such as the visual networks. Finally, the ROI-based analyses identified several inter-hemispheric dysfunctional links (controls > patients) mainly between areas belonging to the DMN, right-left thalamus and right-left temporal lobe. Conversely, fewer connections, predominantly intra-hemispheric, showed the opposite pattern (controls < patients). All these elements provide novel insights into the pathological modulations characterizing a "network disease" as epilepsy, shading light on the importance of perfusion-based approaches for identifying the disrupted areas and communications between brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Barnes
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bianca De Blasi
- Department of Medical Physics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico De Vita
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's Health Partners, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Koepp
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Sidney Duncan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Groves
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gloria Menegaz
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Fraioli
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Ye C, Mori S, Chan P, Ma T. Connectome-wide network analysis of white matter connectivity in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 22:101690. [PMID: 30825712 PMCID: PMC6396432 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A multivariate analytical strategy may pinpoint the structural connectivity patterns associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in connectome-wide association studies. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data from 161 participants including subjects with healthy controls, AD, stable and converting mild cognitive impairment, were selected for group-wise comparisons. A multivariate distance matrix regression (MDMR) analysis was performed to detect abnormality in brain structural network along with disease progression. Based on the seed regions returned by the MDMR analysis, supervised learning was applied to evaluate the disease predictive performance. Nine brain regions, including the left orbital part of superior and middle frontal gyrus, the bilateral supplementary motor area, the bilateral insula, the left hippocampus, the left putamen, and the left thalamus demonstrated extremely significant structural pattern changes along with the progression of AD. The disease classification was more efficient when based on the key connectivity related to these seed regions than when based on whole-brain structural connectivity. MDMR analysis reveals brain network reorganization caused by AD pathology. The key structural connectivity detected in this study exhibits promising distinguishing capability to predict prodromal AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Ye
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Susumu Mori
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Piu Chan
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurobiology, Neurology and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing, China; Clinical Center for Parkinson's Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Parkinson Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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20
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Bi XA, Jiang Q, Sun Q, Shu Q, Liu Y. Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease Based on the Random Neural Network Cluster in fMRI. Front Neuroinform 2018; 12:60. [PMID: 30245623 PMCID: PMC6137384 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2018.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is featured with degeneration and irreversibility, the diagnosis of AD at early stage is important. In recent years, some researchers have tried to apply neural network (NN) to classify AD patients from healthy controls (HC) based on functional MRI (fMRI) data. But most study focus on a single NN and the classification accuracy was not high. Therefore, this paper used the random neural network cluster which was composed of multiple NNs to improve classification performance. Sixty one subjects (25 AD and 36 HC) were acquired from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset. This method not only could be used in the classification, but also could be used for feature selection. Firstly, we chose Elman NN from five types of NNs as the optimal base classifier of random neural network cluster based on the results of feature selection, and the accuracies of the random Elman neural network cluster could reach to 92.31% which was the highest and stable. Then we used the random Elman neural network cluster to select significant features and these features could be used to find out the abnormal regions. Finally, we found out 23 abnormal regions such as the precentral gyrus, the frontal gyrus and supplementary motor area. These results fully show that the random neural network cluster is worthwhile and meaningful for the diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-An Bi
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Shu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingchao Liu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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21
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Recent progress in metal–organic frameworks for precaution and diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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22
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Hohenfeld C, Werner CJ, Reetz K. Resting-state connectivity in neurodegenerative disorders: Is there potential for an imaging biomarker? Neuroimage Clin 2018; 18:849-870. [PMID: 29876270 PMCID: PMC5988031 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers in whichever modality are tremendously important in diagnosing of disease, tracking disease progression and clinical trials. This applies in particular for disorders with a long disease course including pre-symptomatic stages, in which only subtle signs of clinical progression can be observed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers hold particular promise due to their relative ease of use, cost-effectiveness and non-invasivity. Studies measuring resting-state functional MR connectivity have become increasingly common during recent years and are well established in neuroscience and related fields. Its increasing application does of course also include clinical settings and therein neurodegenerative diseases. In the present review, we critically summarise the state of the literature on resting-state functional connectivity as measured with functional MRI in neurodegenerative disorders. In addition to an overview of the results, we briefly outline the methods applied to the concept of resting-state functional connectivity. While there are many different neurodegenerative disorders cumulatively affecting a substantial number of patients, for most of them studies on resting-state fMRI are lacking. Plentiful amounts of papers are available for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), but only few works being available for the less common neurodegenerative diseases. This allows some conclusions on the potential of resting-state fMRI acting as a biomarker for the aforementioned two diseases, but only tentative statements for the others. For AD, the literature contains a relatively strong consensus regarding an impairment of the connectivity of the default mode network compared to healthy individuals. However, for AD there is no considerable documentation on how that alteration develops longitudinally with the progression of the disease. For PD, the available research points towards alterations of connectivity mainly in limbic and motor related regions and networks, but drawing conclusions for PD has to be done with caution due to a relative heterogeneity of the disease. For rare neurodegenerative diseases, no clear conclusions can be drawn due to the few published results. Nevertheless, summarising available data points towards characteristic connectivity alterations in Huntington's disease, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple systems atrophy and the spinocerebellar ataxias. Overall at this point in time, the data on AD are most promising towards the eventual use of resting-state fMRI as an imaging biomarker, although there remain issues such as reproducibility of results and a lack of data demonstrating longitudinal changes. Improved methods providing more precise classifications as well as resting-state network changes that are sensitive to disease progression or therapeutic intervention are highly desirable, before routine clinical use could eventually become a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hohenfeld
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cornelius J Werner
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Section Interdisciplinary Geriatrics, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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23
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Wang H, Chen H, Wu J, Tao L, Pang Y, Gu M, Lv F, Luo T, Cheng O, Sheng K, Luo J, Hu Y, Fang W. Altered resting-state voxel-level whole-brain functional connectivity in depressed Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 50:74-80. [PMID: 29449183 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the most common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), but its pathogenesis is still not very clear. Recently, degree centrality, a voxel-level whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, has provided the most promising way to explore the neural network mechanisms underlying depressed PD. METHODS Degree centrality, voxel-wise image and clinical symptoms correlation and secondary seed-based FC analyses were performed in twenty-seven drug-naïve, early stage depressed PD patients, 27 non-depressed PD patients and 27 healthy controls (HCs) to reveal voxel-level whole-brain FC changes in depressed PD. RESULTS Compared with the HCs, depressed PD and non-depressed PD patients shared similar brain degree centrality abnormalities mainly in the basal ganglia, insular cortex, motor cortices, default mode network, prefrontal gyrus and the cerebellum. However, compared with non-depressed PD, depressed PD showed degree centrality abnormalities in the right middle prefrontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortices, supplementary motor cortices and cerebellum lobule VI. The right middle prefrontal gyrus degree centrality abnormalities were correlated with the clinical depression severity, and using it as a seed, a secondary seed-based FC analysis further revealed the FC changes in the anterior cingulate cortices and the cerebellum lobule VI. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that dysfunction in extensive brain areas were involved in depressed PD, and among these regions, the right middle prefrontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortices and the cerebellum may pose as pathogenesis hubs underlying depressed PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansheng Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huiyue Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Tao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ya Pang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fajin Lv
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tianyou Luo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Oumei Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ke Sheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jin Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yida Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Weidong Fang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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24
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Bajic D, Craig MM, Mongerson CRL, Borsook D, Becerra L. Identifying Rodent Resting-State Brain Networks with Independent Component Analysis. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:685. [PMID: 29311770 PMCID: PMC5733053 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodent models have opened the door to a better understanding of the neurobiology of brain disorders and increased our ability to evaluate novel treatments. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) allows for in vivo exploration of large-scale brain networks with high spatial resolution. Its application in rodents affords researchers a powerful translational tool to directly assess/explore the effects of various pharmacological, lesion, and/or disease states on known neural circuits within highly controlled settings. Integration of animal and human research at the molecular-, systems-, and behavioral-levels using diverse neuroimaging techniques empowers more robust interrogations of abnormal/ pathological processes, critical for evolving our understanding of neuroscience. We present a comprehensive protocol to evaluate resting-state brain networks using Independent Component Analysis (ICA) in rodent model. Specifically, we begin with a brief review of the physiological basis for rs-fMRI technique and overview of rs-fMRI studies in rodents to date, following which we provide a robust step-by-step approach for rs-fMRI investigation including data collection, computational preprocessing, and brain network analysis. Pipelines are interwoven with underlying theory behind each step and summarized methodological considerations, such as alternative methods available and current consensus in the literature for optimal results. The presented protocol is designed in such a way that investigators without previous knowledge in the field can implement the analysis and obtain viable results that reliably detect significant differences in functional connectivity between experimental groups. Our goal is to empower researchers to implement rs-fMRI in their respective fields by incorporating technical considerations to date into a workable methodological framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusica Bajic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael M Craig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chandler R L Mongerson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Borsook
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lino Becerra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
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25
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Changes of brain activity during a functional magnetic resonance imaging stroop task study: Effect of Chinese herbal formula in Alzheimer’s disease. Eur J Integr Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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d'Ambrosio A, Hidalgo de la Cruz M, Valsasina P, Pagani E, Colombo B, Rodegher M, Comi G, Filippi M, Rocca MA. Structural connectivity-defined thalamic subregions have different functional connectivity abnormalities in multiple sclerosis patients: Implications for clinical correlations. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:6005-6018. [PMID: 28881433 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the well-known importance of thalami in multiple sclerosis (MS), only limited data on whole and subregional thalamic functional connectivity (FC) changes are available. Using diffusion tensor imaging, we performed a structural connectivity based thalamic parcellation and investigated subregional thalamic resting-state (RS) FC alterations and their relationship with clinical/cognitive measures in MS. MRI data from a reference set of healthy controls (HC) were used to parcellate the thalami into five subregions, according to their structural connectivity. For each thalamic subregion, a seed-based RS FC analysis was performed in 187 MS patients and 94 HC. Correlations between thalamic RS FC and clinical/cognitive variables were assessed. Compared to HC, MS patients showed increased intra- and inter-thalamic RS FC for almost all thalamic subregions, and increased RS FC between all thalamic subregions and the left insula. Frontal and motor thalamic subregions also showed reduced RS FC with the caudate nucleus. For the temporal thalamic subregion, we observed reduced RS FC with the ipsilateral thalamus, anterior and middle cingulate cortex, and cerebellum. Compared to cognitively preserved, cognitively impaired MS patients had higher thalamic RS FC with several temporal areas. In MS patients, lower RS FC between thalamic subregions and the caudate and cingulate cortex correlated with worse motor performance, whereas higher RS FC with the insula correlated with better motor performance. The main thalamic subregions have different RS-FC abnormalities in MS patients. Increased thalamic RS FC with the insula may have a compensatory role, whereas increased RS FC with temporal areas, observed in patients with cognitive impairment may reflect maladaptive mechanisms. Hum Brain Mapp 38:6005-6018, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro d'Ambrosio
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Milagros Hidalgo de la Cruz
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Valsasina
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pagani
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Colombo
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariaemma Rodegher
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria A Rocca
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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27
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Li Y, Yao H, Lin P, Zheng L, Li C, Zhou B, Wang P, Zhang Z, Wang L, An N, Wang J, Zhang X. Frequency-Dependent Altered Functional Connections of Default Mode Network in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:259. [PMID: 28824420 PMCID: PMC5540901 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with the progressive dysfunction of cognitive ability. Previous research has indicated that the default mode network (DMN) is closely related to cognition and is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease. Because recent studies have shown that different frequency bands represent specific physiological functions, DMN functional connectivity studies of the different frequency bands based on resting state fMRI (RS-fMRI) data may provide new insight into AD pathophysiology. In this study, we explored the functional connectivity based on well-defined DMN regions of interest (ROIs) from the five frequency bands: slow-5 (0.01–0.027 Hz), slow-4 (0.027–0.073 Hz), slow-3 (0.073–0.198 Hz), slow-2 (0.198–0.25 Hzs) and standard low-frequency oscillations (LFO) (0.01–0.08 Hz). We found that the altered functional connectivity patterns are mainly in the frequency band of slow-5 and slow-4 and that the decreased connections are long distance, but some relatively short connections are increased. In addition, the altered functional connections of the DMN in AD are frequency dependent and differ between the slow-5 and slow-4 bands. Mini-Mental State Examination scores were significantly correlated with the altered functional connectivity patterns in the slow-5 and slow-4 bands. These results indicate that frequency-dependent functional connectivity changes might provide potential biomarkers for AD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University BranchXi'an, China
| | - Hongxiang Yao
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Pan Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University BranchXi'an, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University BranchXi'an, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University BranchXi'an, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu HospitalTianjin, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China.,Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General HospitalSanya, China
| | - Luning Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Ningyu An
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Jue Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University BranchXi'an, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
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28
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Todd N, Josephs O, Zeidman P, Flandin G, Moeller S, Weiskopf N. Functional Sensitivity of 2D Simultaneous Multi-Slice Echo-Planar Imaging: Effects of Acceleration on g-factor and Physiological Noise. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:158. [PMID: 28424572 PMCID: PMC5372803 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerated data acquisition with simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) imaging for functional MRI studies leads to interacting and opposing effects that influence the sensitivity to blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes. Image signal to noise ratio (SNR) is decreased with higher SMS acceleration factors and shorter repetition times (TR) due to g-factor noise penalties and saturation of longitudinal magnetization. However, the lower image SNR is counteracted by greater statistical power from more samples per unit time and a higher temporal Nyquist frequency that allows for better removal of spurious non-BOLD high frequency signal content. This study investigated the dependence of the BOLD sensitivity on these main driving factors and their interaction, and provides a framework for evaluating optimal acceleration of SMS-EPI sequences. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from a scenes/objects visualization task was acquired in 10 healthy volunteers at a standard neuroscience resolution of 3 mm on a 3T MRI scanner. SMS factors 1, 2, 4, and 8 were used, spanning TRs of 2800 ms to 350 ms. Two data processing methods were used to equalize the number of samples over the SMS factors. BOLD sensitivity was assessed using g-factors maps, temporal SNR (tSNR), and t-score metrics. tSNR results show a dependence on SMS factor that is highly non-uniform over the brain, with outcomes driven by g-factor noise amplification and the presence of high frequency noise. The t-score metrics also show a high degree of spatial dependence: the lower g-factor noise area of V1 shows significant improvements at higher SMS factors; the moderate-level g-factor noise area of the parahippocampal place area shows only a trend of improvement; and the high g-factor noise area of the ventral-medial pre-frontal cortex shows a trend of declining t-scores at higher SMS factors. This spatial variability suggests that the optimal SMS factor for fMRI studies is region dependent. For task fMRI studies done with similar parameters as were used here (3T scanner, 32-channel RF head coil, whole brain coverage at 3 mm isotropic resolution), we recommend SMS accelerations of 4x (conservative) to 8x (aggressive) for most studies and a more conservative acceleration of 2x for studies interested in anterior midline regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Todd
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Oliver Josephs
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Peter Zeidman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Guillaume Flandin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Steen Moeller
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nikolaus Weiskopf
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondon, UK.,Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany
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29
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Takamura T, Hanakawa T. Clinical utility of resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging for mood and cognitive disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 124:821-839. [PMID: 28337552 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has long been used to assess task-related brain activity in neuropsychiatric disorders, it has not yet become a widely available clinical tool. Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) has been the subject of recent attention in the fields of basic and clinical neuroimaging research. This method enables investigation of the functional organization of the brain and alterations of resting-state networks (RSNs) in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. Rs-fMRI does not require participants to perform a demanding task, in contrast to task fMRI, which often requires participants to follow complex instructions. Rs-fMRI has a number of advantages over task fMRI for application with neuropsychiatric patients, for example, although applications of task fMR to participants for healthy are easy. However, it is difficult to apply these applications to patients with psychiatric and neurological disorders, because they may have difficulty in performing demanding cognitive task. Here, we review the basic methodology and analysis techniques relevant to clinical studies, and the clinical applications of the technique for examining neuropsychiatric disorders, focusing on mood disorders (major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder) and dementia (Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takamura
- Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Hanakawa
- Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
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30
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Dipasquale O, Sethi A, Laganà MM, Baglio F, Baselli G, Kundu P, Harrison NA, Cercignani M. Comparing resting state fMRI de-noising approaches using multi- and single-echo acquisitions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173289. [PMID: 28323821 PMCID: PMC5360253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Artifact removal in resting state fMRI (rfMRI) data remains a serious challenge, with even subtle head motion undermining reliability and reproducibility. Here we compared some of the most popular single-echo de-noising methods—regression of Motion parameters, White matter and Cerebrospinal fluid signals (MWC method), FMRIB’s ICA-based X-noiseifier (FIX) and ICA-based Automatic Removal Of Motion Artifacts (ICA-AROMA)—with a multi-echo approach (ME-ICA) that exploits the linear dependency of BOLD on the echo time. Data were acquired using a clinical scanner and included 30 young, healthy participants (minimal head motion) and 30 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder patients (greater head motion). De-noising effectiveness was assessed in terms of data quality after each cleanup procedure, ability to uncouple BOLD signal and motion and preservation of default mode network (DMN) functional connectivity. Most cleaning methods showed a positive impact on data quality. However, based on the investigated metrics, ME-ICA was the most robust. It minimized the impact of motion on FC even for high motion participants and preserved DMN functional connectivity structure. The high-quality results obtained using ME-ICA suggest that using a multi-echo EPI sequence, reliable rfMRI data can be obtained in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia Dipasquale
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, IRCCS Santa Maria Nascente, Milan, Italy
- Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Arjun Sethi
- Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Francesca Baglio
- Fondazione don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, IRCCS Santa Maria Nascente, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Baselli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Prantik Kundu
- Section on Advanced Functional Neuroimaging, Brain Imaging Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - Neil A. Harrison
- Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Mara Cercignani
- Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
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31
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Dipasquale O, Cercignani M. Network functional connectivity and whole-brain functional connectomics to investigate cognitive decline in neurodegenerative conditions. FUNCTIONAL NEUROLOGY 2017; 31:191-203. [PMID: 28072380 DOI: 10.11138/fneur/2016.31.4.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive mapping of brain functional connectivity (FC) has played a fundamental role in neuroscience, and numerous scientists have been fascinated by its ability to reveal the brain's intricate morphology and functional properties. In recent years, two different techniques have been developed that are able to explore FC in pathophysiological conditions and to provide simple and non-invasive biomarkers for the detection of disease onset, severity and progression. These techniques are independent component analysis, which allows a network-based functional exploration of the brain, and graph theory, which provides a quantitative characterization of the whole-brain FC. In this paper we provide an overview of these two techniques and some examples of their clinical applications in the most common neurodegenerative disorders associated with cognitive decline, including mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy Bodies and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia.
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32
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On the detection of high frequency correlations in resting state fMRI. Neuroimage 2017; 164:202-213. [PMID: 28163143 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current studies of resting-state connectivity rely on coherent signal fluctuations at frequencies below 0.1 Hz, however, recent studies using high-speed fMRI have shown that fluctuations above 0.5 Hz may exist. This study replicates the feasibility of measuring high frequency (HF) correlations in six healthy controls and a patient with a brain tumor while analyzing non-physiological signal sources via simulation. Resting-state data were acquired using a high-speed multi-slab echo-volumar imaging pulse sequence with 136 ms temporal resolution. Bandpass frequency filtering in combination with sliding window seed-based connectivity analysis using running mean of the correlation maps was employed to map HF correlations up to 3.7 Hz. Computer simulations of Rician noise and the underlying point spread function were analyzed to estimate baseline spatial autocorrelation levels in four major networks (auditory, sensorimotor, visual, and default-mode). Using seed regions based on Brodmann areas, the auditory and default-mode networks were observed to have significant frequency band dependent HF correlations above baseline spatial autocorrelation levels. Correlations in the sensorimotor network were at trend level. The auditory network was still observed using a unilateral single voxel seed. In the patient, HF auditory correlations showed a spatial displacement near the tumor consistent with the displacement seen at low frequencies. In conclusion, our data suggest that HF connectivity in the human brain may be observable with high-speed fMRI, however, the detection sensitivity may depend on the network observed, data acquisition technique, and analysis method.
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Tuovinen T, Rytty R, Moilanen V, Abou Elseoud A, Veijola J, Remes AM, Kiviniemi VJ. The Effect of Gray Matter ICA and Coefficient of Variation Mapping of BOLD Data on the Detection of Functional Connectivity Changes in Alzheimer's Disease and bvFTD. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 10:680. [PMID: 28119587 PMCID: PMC5220074 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state fMRI results in neurodegenerative diseases have been somewhat conflicting. This may be due to complex partial volume effects of CSF in BOLD signal in patients with brain atrophy. To encounter this problem, we used a coefficient of variation (CV) map to highlight artifacts in the data, followed by analysis of gray matter voxels in order to minimize brain volume effects between groups. The effects of these measures were compared to whole brain ICA dual regression results in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). 23 AD patients, 21 bvFTD patients and 25 healthy controls were included. The quality of the data was controlled by CV mapping. For detecting functional connectivity (FC) differences whole brain ICA (wbICA) and also segmented gray matter ICA (gmICA) followed by dual regression were conducted, both of which were performed both before and after data quality control. Decreased FC was detected in posterior DMN in the AD group and in the Salience network in the bvFTD group after combining CV quality control with gmICA. Before CV quality control, the decreased connectivity finding was not detectable in gmICA in neither of the groups. Same finding recurred when exclusion was based on randomization. The subjects excluded due to artifacts noticed in the CV maps had significantly lower temporal signal-to-noise ratio than the included subjects. Data quality measure CV is an effective tool in detecting artifacts from resting state analysis. CV reflects temporal dispersion of the BOLD signal stability and may thus be most helpful for spatial ICA, which has a blind spot in spatially correlating widespread artifacts. CV mapping in conjunction with gmICA yields results suiting previous findings both in AD and bvFTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Tuovinen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University HospitalOulu, Finland; Oulu Functional NeuroImaging group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, the Faculty of Medicine, University of OuluOulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University HospitalOulu, Finland
| | - Riikka Rytty
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University HospitalOulu, Finland; Oulu Functional NeuroImaging group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, the Faculty of Medicine, University of OuluOulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University HospitalOulu, Finland; Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of OuluOulu, Finland
| | - Virpi Moilanen
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland
| | - Ahmed Abou Elseoud
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University HospitalOulu, Finland; Oulu Functional NeuroImaging group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, the Faculty of Medicine, University of OuluOulu, Finland
| | - Juha Veijola
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University HospitalOulu, Finland; Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of OuluOulu, Finland
| | - Anne M Remes
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University HospitalOulu, Finland; Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland; Department of Neurology, Kuopio University HospitalKuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa J Kiviniemi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University HospitalOulu, Finland; Oulu Functional NeuroImaging group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, the Faculty of Medicine, University of OuluOulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University HospitalOulu, Finland
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Mongerson CRL, Jennings RW, Borsook D, Becerra L, Bajic D. Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the Infant Brain: Methods, Pitfalls, and Potentiality. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:159. [PMID: 28856131 PMCID: PMC5557740 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Early brain development is characterized by rapid growth and perpetual reconfiguration, driven by a dynamic milieu of heterogeneous processes. Postnatal brain plasticity is associated with increased vulnerability to environmental stimuli. However, little is known regarding the ontogeny and temporal manifestations of inter- and intra-regional functional connectivity that comprise functional brain networks. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has emerged as a promising non-invasive neuroinvestigative tool, measuring spontaneous fluctuations in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal at rest that reflect baseline neuronal activity. Over the past decade, its application has expanded to infant populations providing unprecedented insight into functional organization of the developing brain, as well as early biomarkers of abnormal states. However, many methodological issues of rs-fMRI analysis need to be resolved prior to standardization of the technique to infant populations. As a primary goal, this methodological manuscript will (1) present a robust methodological protocol to extract and assess resting-state networks in early infancy using independent component analysis (ICA), such that investigators without previous knowledge in the field can implement the analysis and reliably obtain viable results consistent with previous literature; (2) review the current methodological challenges and ethical considerations associated with emerging field of infant rs-fMRI analysis; and (3) discuss the significance of rs-fMRI application in infants for future investigations of neurodevelopment in the context of early life stressors and pathological processes. The overarching goal is to catalyze efforts toward development of robust, infant-specific acquisition, and preprocessing pipelines, as well as promote greater transparency by researchers regarding methods used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandler R L Mongerson
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Russell W Jennings
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Borsook
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lino Becerra
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dusica Bajic
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Hand classification of fMRI ICA noise components. Neuroimage 2016; 154:188-205. [PMID: 27989777 PMCID: PMC5489418 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a practical "how-to" guide to help determine whether single-subject fMRI independent components (ICs) characterise structured noise or not. Manual identification of signal and noise after ICA decomposition is required for efficient data denoising: to train supervised algorithms, to check the results of unsupervised ones or to manually clean the data. In this paper we describe the main spatial and temporal features of ICs and provide general guidelines on how to evaluate these. Examples of signal and noise components are provided from a wide range of datasets (3T data, including examples from the UK Biobank and the Human Connectome Project, and 7T data), together with practical guidelines for their identification. Finally, we discuss how the data quality, data type and preprocessing can influence the characteristics of the ICs and present examples of particularly challenging datasets.
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Li K, Laird AR, Price LR, McKay DR, Blangero J, Glahn DC, Fox PT. Progressive Bidirectional Age-Related Changes in Default Mode Network Effective Connectivity across Six Decades. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:137. [PMID: 27378909 PMCID: PMC4905965 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) is a set of regions that is tonically engaged during the resting state and exhibits task-related deactivation that is readily reproducible across a wide range of paradigms and modalities. The DMN has been implicated in numerous disorders of cognition and, in particular, in disorders exhibiting age-related cognitive decline. Despite these observations, investigations of the DMN in normal aging are scant. Here, we used blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) acquired during rest to investigate age-related changes in functional connectivity of the DMN in 120 healthy normal volunteers comprising six, 20-subject, decade cohorts (from 20–29 to 70–79). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to assess age-related changes in inter-regional connectivity within the DMN. SEM was applied both using a previously published, meta-analytically derived, node-and-edge model, and using exploratory modeling searching for connections that optimized model fit improvement. Although the two models were highly similar (only 3 of 13 paths differed), the sample demonstrated significantly better fit with the exploratory model. For this reason, the exploratory model was used to assess age-related changes across the decade cohorts. Progressive, highly significant changes in path weights were found in 8 (of 13) paths: four rising, and four falling (most changes were significant by the third or fourth decade). In all cases, rising paths and falling paths projected in pairs onto the same nodes, suggesting compensatory increases associated with age-related decreases. This study demonstrates that age-related changes in DMN physiology (inter-regional connectivity) are bidirectional, progressive, of early onset and part of normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Li
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University Miami, FL, USA
| | - Larry R Price
- Department of Mathematics and College of Education, Texas State University San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - D Reese McKay
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford HospitalHartford, CT, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Genomics Computing Center, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford HospitalHartford, CT, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan Antonio, TX, USA; Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care SystemSan Antonio, TX, USA; Neuroimaging Laboratory, Shenzhen University School of MedicineShenzhen, Guangdong, China
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The Significance of the Default Mode Network (DMN) in Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Review. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 89:49-57. [PMID: 27505016 PMCID: PMC4797836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The relationship of cortical structure and specific neuronal circuitry to global brain function, particularly its perturbations related to the development and progression of neuropathology, is an area of great interest in neurobehavioral science. Disruption of these neural networks can be associated with a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Herein we review activity of the Default Mode Network (DMN) in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Epilepsy (Temporal Lobe Epilepsy - TLE), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and mood disorders. We discuss the implications of DMN disruptions and their relationship to the neurocognitive model of each disease entity, the utility of DMN assessment in clinical evaluation, and the changes of the DMN following treatment.
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Marchetti A, Baglio F, Costantini I, Dipasquale O, Savazzi F, Nemni R, Sangiuliano Intra F, Tagliabue S, Valle A, Massaro D, Castelli I. Theory of Mind and the Whole Brain Functional Connectivity: Behavioral and Neural Evidences with the Amsterdam Resting State Questionnaire. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1855. [PMID: 26696924 PMCID: PMC4674569 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A topic of common interest to psychologists and philosophers is the spontaneous flow of thoughts when the individual is awake but not involved in cognitive demands. This argument, classically referred to as the "stream of consciousness" of James, is now known in the psychological literature as "Mind-Wandering." Although of great interest, this construct has been scarcely investigated so far. Diaz et al. (2013) created the Amsterdam Resting State Questionnaire (ARSQ), composed of 27 items, distributed in seven factors: discontinuity of mind, theory of mind (ToM), self, planning, sleepiness, comfort, and somatic awareness. The present study aims at: testing psychometric properties of the ARSQ in a sample of 670 Italian subjects; exploring the neural correlates of a subsample of participants (N = 28) divided into two groups on the basis of the scores obtained in the ToM factor. Results show a satisfactory reliability of the original factional structure in the Italian sample. In the subjects with a high mean in the ToM factor compared to low mean subjects, functional MRI revealed: a network (48 nodes) with higher functional connectivity (FC) with a dominance of the left hemisphere; an increased within-lobe FC in frontal and insular lobes. In both neural and behavioral terms, our results support the idea that the mind, which does not rest even when explicitly asked to do so, has various and interesting mentalistic-like contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Marchetti
- Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Milan, Italy
| | | | - Isa Costantini
- IRCCS, Don Gnocchi Foundation Milan, Italy ; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano Milan, Italy
| | - Ottavia Dipasquale
- IRCCS, Don Gnocchi Foundation Milan, Italy ; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano Milan, Italy
| | | | - Raffaello Nemni
- IRCCS, Don Gnocchi Foundation Milan, Italy ; Università degli Studi di Milano Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sangiuliano Intra
- Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Milan, Italy
| | - Semira Tagliabue
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Brescia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Valle
- Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Massaro
- Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Castelli
- Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Milan, Italy ; Dipartimento di Scienze Umane e Sociali, Università degli Studi di Bergamo Bergamo, Italy
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