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Leszczyńska J, Szczepankowska AK, Majak I, Mańkowska D, Smolińska B, Ścieszka S, Diowksz A, Cukrowska B, Aleksandrzak-Piekarczyk T. Reducing Immunoreactivity of Gluten Peptides by Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria for Dietary Management of Gluten-Related Diseases. Nutrients 2024; 16:976. [PMID: 38613010 PMCID: PMC11013811 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoreactive gluten peptides that are not digested by peptidases produced by humans can trigger celiac disease, allergy and non-celiac gluten hypersensitivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of selected probiotic strains to hydrolyze immunoreactive gliadin peptides and to identify peptidase-encoding genes in the genomes of the most efficient strains. Residual gliadin immunoreactivity was measured after one- or two-step hydrolysis using commercial enzymes and bacterial peptidase preparations by G12 and R5 immunoenzymatic assays. Peptidase preparations from Lacticaseibacillus casei LC130, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LPC100 and Streptococcus thermophilus ST250 strains significantly reduced the immunoreactivity of gliadin peptides, including 33-mer, and this effect was markedly higher when a mixture of these strains was used. In silico genome analyses of L. casei LC130 and L. paracasei LPC100 revealed the presence of genes encoding peptidases with the potential to hydrolyze bonds in proline-rich peptides. This suggests that L. casei LC130, L. paracasei LPC100 and S. thermophilus ST250, especially when used as a mixture, have the ability to hydrolyze immunoreactive gliadin peptides and could be administered to patients on a restricted gluten-free diet to help treat gluten-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Leszczyńska
- Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Łódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-530 Łódź, Poland; (J.L.); (D.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Agnieszka K. Szczepankowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Iwona Majak
- Institute of Technology and Food Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Łódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-530 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Dorota Mańkowska
- Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Łódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-530 Łódź, Poland; (J.L.); (D.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Beata Smolińska
- Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Łódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-530 Łódź, Poland; (J.L.); (D.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Sylwia Ścieszka
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Łódź University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530 Łódź, Poland; (S.Ś.); (A.D.)
| | - Anna Diowksz
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Łódź University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530 Łódź, Poland; (S.Ś.); (A.D.)
| | - Bożena Cukrowska
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathomorphology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-760 Warsaw, Poland;
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Caldara M, Gullì M, Graziano S, Riboni N, Maestri E, Mattarozzi M, Bianchi F, Careri M, Marmiroli N. Microbial consortia and biochar as sustainable biofertilisers: Analysis of their impact on wheat growth and production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170168. [PMID: 38244628 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The European Union is among the top wheat producers in the world, but its productivity relies on adequate soil fertilisation. Biofertilisers, either alone or in combination with biochar, can be a preferable alternative to chemical fertilisers. However, the addition of biofertilisers, specifically plant growth promoting microbes (PGPM), could modify grain composition, and/or deteriorate the soil composition. In this study, the two wheat cultivars Triticum aestivum (Bramante) and T. durum (Svevo) were cultivated in open fields for two consecutive years in the presence of a commercial PGPM mix supplied alone or in combination with biochar. An in-depth analysis was conducted by collecting physiological and agronomic data throughout the growth period. The effects of PGPM and biochar were investigated in detail; specifically, soil chemistry and rhizosphere microbial composition were characterized, along with the treatment effects on seed storage proteins. The results demonstrated that the addition of commercial microbial consortia and biochar, alone or in combination, did not modify the rhizospheric microbial community; however, it increased grain yield, especially in the cultivar Svevo (increase of 6.8 %-13.6 %), even though the factors driving the most variations were associated with both climate and cultivar. The total gluten content of the flours was not affected, whereas the main effect of the treatments was a variation in gliadins and low-molecular-weight-glutenin subunits in both cultivars when treated with PGPM and biochar. This suggested improved grain quality, especially regarding the viscoelastic properties of the dough, when the filling period occurred in a dry climate. The results indicate that the application of biofertilisers and biochar may aid the effective management of sustainable wheat cultivation, to support environmental health without altering the biodiversity of the resident microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Caldara
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Mariolina Gullì
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Graziano
- Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nicolò Riboni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Maestri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Monica Mattarozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Center CIDEA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Careri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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López MG, Salomé-Abarca LF. The agavins (Agave carbohydrates) story. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121671. [PMID: 38171684 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Fructans, are carbohydrates defined as fructose-based polymers with countable degree of polymerization (DP) ranging so far from DP3 to DP60. There are different types of fructans depending on their molecular arrangement. They are categorized as linear inulins and levans, neoseries of inulin and levan, branched graminans, and highly branched neofructans, so called agavins (Agave carbohydrates). It is worth to note that agavins are the most recently described type of fructans and they are also the most complex ones. The complexity of these carbohydrates is correlated to their various isomers and degree of polymerization range, which is correlated to their multifunctional application in industry and human health. Here, we narrate the story of the agavins' discovery. This included their chemical characterization, their benefits, biotechnological applications, and drawbacks over human health. Finally, a perspective of the study of agavins and their interactions with other metabolites through metabolomics is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes G López
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN-Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico.
| | - Luis Francisco Salomé-Abarca
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN-Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico
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Qu G, Wang K, Mu J, Zhuo J, Wang X, Li S, Ye X, Li Y, Yan Y, Li X. Identifying cis-Acting Elements Associated with the High Activity and Endosperm Specificity of the Promoters of Genes Encoding Low-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunits in Common Wheat ( Triticum aestivum). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37919930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GSs) associated with bread-baking quality and flour nutrient quality accumulate in endosperms of common wheat and related species. However, the mechanism underlying the expression regulation of genes encoding LMW-GSs has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we identified LMW-D2 and LMW-D7, which are highly and weakly expressed, respectively, via the analysis of RNA-sequencing data of Chinese Spring wheat and wheat transgenic lines transformed with 5' deletion promoter fragments and GUS fusion constructs. The 605-bp fragment upstream of the LMW-D2 start codon could drive high levels of GUS expression in the endosperm. The truncated endosperm box located at the -300 site resulted in the loss of LMW-D2 promoter activity, and a single-nucleotide polymorphism on the GCN4 motif was closely related to the expression of LMW-GSs. TCT and TGACG motifs, as well as the others located on the 5' distal end, might also be involved in the transcription regulation of LMW-GSs. In transgenic lines, fusion proteins of LMW-GS and GUS were deposited into protein bodies. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism underlying the transcription regulation of LMW-GSs and will contribute to the development of wheat endosperm as a bioreactor for the production of nutraceuticals, antibodies, vaccines, and medicinal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Qu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junyi Mu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiahui Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xingguo Ye
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yaxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yueming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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Schnedl WJ, Michaelis S, Mangge H, Enko D. A personalized management approach in disorders of the irritable bowel syndrome spectrum. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:96-105. [PMID: 37739739 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Symptoms of the disorders across the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) spectrum include several different, usually postprandial, abdominal complaints. Up to date, dietary treatments of the IBS have neither been personalized nor diagnosed with sufficient scientific evidence. They have mostly been treated using 'one-size-fits-all' approaches. Such include exclusion diets, a low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols diet, and gluten-free diets, lactose-free diets, a diet recommended by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, and a wheat-free diet. The exact pathophysiology of IBS disorders across the spectrum is still unclear. However, the symptom profile of IBS spectrum disorders seems similar to that of food intolerance/malabsorption syndromes. Celiac disease, fructose malabsorption, histamine intolerance and lactose intolerance represent food intolerance/malabsorption disorders based on the indigestion of sugars and/or proteins. Helicobacter pylori infection may potentially promote the development of IBS and, when facing a case of IBS-like symptoms, a search for intolerance/malabsorption and H. pylori should be added to find the correct treatment for the respective patient. This review will discuss why the 'one-size-fits-all' dietary approach in the treatment of complaints across the IBS spectrum cannot be successful. Hence, it will provide an overview of the most common overall dietary approaches currently used, and why those should be discouraged. Alternatively, a noninvasive diagnostic workup of the pathophysiologic factors of food intolerance/malabsorption in each patient with symptoms of the IBS spectrum is suggested. Additionally, if H. pylori is found, eradication therapy is mandatory, and if food intolerance/malabsorption is detected, an individual and personalized dietary intervention by a registered dietician is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang J Schnedl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, A-8036, Graz, Austria; General Internal Medicine Practice, Dr. Theodor Körnerstrasse 19b, A-8600, Bruck, Austria.
| | - Simon Michaelis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital Hochsteiermark, Vordernberger Straße 42, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Harald Mangge
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital Hochsteiermark, Vordernberger Straße 42, 8700, Leoben, Austria; Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 30, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Dietmar Enko
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 30, A-8036, Graz, Austria
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Maslennikova D, Knyazeva I, Vershinina O, Titenkov A, Lastochkina O. Seed Treatment with Sodium Nitroprusside Ensures a Long-Term Physiological and Protective Effect on Wheat under Salinity. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1499. [PMID: 37511874 PMCID: PMC10381903 DOI: 10.3390/life13071499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although salinity inhibits plant growth, the use of a nitric oxide (NO) gasotransmitter can reduce its negative effects. In this study, the influence of 200 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (donor of NO) on wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Salavat Yulaev) in conditions of salinization (100 mM NaCl) was analyzed in pot experiments. Seed priming regulated the level of endogenous NO in normal and salinity conditions throughout the entire experiment (30 and 60 days). Salinity led to the strong accumulation of NO and H2O2, which is negative for plants, and significantly reduced leaf area and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids). In addition, stress caused a drop in the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASA), an accumulation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and significantly activated glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in wheat leaves. SNP treatment significantly attenuated the negative effects of salinity on leaf area and photosynthetic pigments. An important indicator of reducing the damaging effect of salinity on treated plants is the stabilization of the content of GSH and ASA throughout the experiment (60 days). This condition has been associated with long-term modulation of GR and APX activity. Such an effect of 200 μM SNP may be related to its ability to reduce stress-induced accumulation of NO. Additional accumulation of proline also mitigated the negative effect of salinity on plants, and this also evidenced decreased LPO and H2O2 in them. For the first time, in natural growing conditions (small-scale field experiments), it was found that pre-sowing seed treatment with 200 μM SNP led to an improvement in the main yield indicators and an increase in the content of essential amino acids in wheat grains. Thus, SNP treatment can be used as an effective approach for prolonged protection of wheat plants under salinity and to improve grain yield and its quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Maslennikova
- Ufa Federal Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Inna Knyazeva
- Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, 109428 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana Vershinina
- Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, 109428 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Titenkov
- Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, 109428 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana Lastochkina
- Ufa Federal Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
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Best I, Portugal A, Casimiro-Gonzales S, Aguilar L, Ramos-Escudero F, Honorio Z, Rojas-Villa N, Benavente C, Muñoz AM. Physicochemical and Rheological Characteristics of Commercial and Monovarietal Wheat Flours from Peru. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091789. [PMID: 37174327 PMCID: PMC10178751 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In Peru, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the main resources in the food industry; however, due to its low harvested area, it is the second most imported cereal. The quality of wheat flour was studied to verify that it has desirable characteristics for the preparation of bakery products. The quality of commercial and monovarietal wheat flours was assessed by measuring their physicochemical and rheological parameters, as well as the gluten content and wheat protein fractions. Eight commercial wheat flours and four monovarietal wheat flours (Barba negra, Candeal, Espelta, and Duro) from Peru were evaluated. Commercial wheat flours presented significantly higher levels of protein and gluten index compared to monovarietal wheat flours (p < 0.05). Between both groups, no significant differences were observed in the content of wet and dry gluten. Interestingly, monovarietal wheat flours presented a higher percentage of gliadins and albumins/globulins, as well as lower levels of glutenin, compared to commercial wheat flours (p < 0.05). According to the logistic regression models, the baking strength (W) was the most important parameter to evaluate the quality of commercial and monovarietal wheat flours. Our results show that monovarietal wheat flours show a lower quality compared to commercial wheat flours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Best
- Instituto de Ciencias de Los Alimentos y Nutrición, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (ICAN-USIL), Campus Pachacamac, Lima 15823, Peru
- Carrera de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15024, Peru
| | - Alan Portugal
- Instituto de Ciencias de Los Alimentos y Nutrición, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (ICAN-USIL), Campus Pachacamac, Lima 15823, Peru
| | - Sandra Casimiro-Gonzales
- Instituto de Ciencias de Los Alimentos y Nutrición, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (ICAN-USIL), Campus Pachacamac, Lima 15823, Peru
| | - Luis Aguilar
- Instituto de Ciencias de Los Alimentos y Nutrición, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (ICAN-USIL), Campus Pachacamac, Lima 15823, Peru
| | - Fernando Ramos-Escudero
- Instituto de Ciencias de Los Alimentos y Nutrición, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (ICAN-USIL), Campus Pachacamac, Lima 15823, Peru
| | - Zoila Honorio
- Facultad de Bromatología y Nutrición, Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión, Lima 15136, Peru
| | - Naysha Rojas-Villa
- Centro Internacional de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional de Cañete, Lima 150501, Peru
| | - Carlos Benavente
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica, Ica 11004, Peru
| | - Ana María Muñoz
- Instituto de Ciencias de Los Alimentos y Nutrición, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (ICAN-USIL), Campus Pachacamac, Lima 15823, Peru
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Romero-Velarde E, Caro-Sabido É, Flores-Limón VA. [Early introduction of potentially allergenic foods in pediatric patients under six months of age]. REVISTA ALERGIA MÉXICO 2023; 69:183-194. [PMID: 37218046 DOI: 10.29262/ram.v69i4.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the available evidence on the early introduction of allergenic foods and the possible protection in the development of food allergy in later stages. METHODS An exploratory review of randomized clinical trials whose study population included infants less than 6 months of age at enrollment with or without a diagnosis of food allergy was conducted. For the purposes of this review, eggs, peanuts, and wheat were included as potentially allergenic foods. The following databases were consulted: Medline, EBSCO, OVID, Science Direct and JSTOR (Journal Storage), Scielo, LILACS, Redalyc and Imbiomed from August to December 2021. RESULTS 429 articles were identified, 412 were excluded, and the final analysis included 9 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Six trials correspond to allergy to eggs, two to peanuts and one to wheat. The age of introduction differs in all trials. The earliest exposure was at 3.5 months and the latest at 5.5 months. The reduction in the risk of developing food allergy occurred in children at risk of allergy. Adverse reactions were common, particularly with the introduction of egg. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that early introduction (< 6 months of age) of allergenic foods reduces the risk of developing food allergy in infants without risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Romero-Velarde
- División de Pediatría, Unidad de Soporte Metabólico y Nutriciona, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca, Jalisco, México.
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Nutrición Humana, Jalisco, México
| | - Érika Caro-Sabido
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Nutrición Humana, Jalisco, México
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Yano H, Fu W. Hemp: A Sustainable Plant with High Industrial Value in Food Processing. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030651. [PMID: 36766179 PMCID: PMC9913960 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of SDGs, useful plants which provide valuable industrial outputs and at the same time pose less impact on the environment should be explored. Hemp seems one of the most relevant gluten-free crop plants to meet such requirements. Its high nutritional value is comparable to soy. Moreover, almost the whole body of the hemp plant has a wide array of utility: industrial production of food, fiber, and construction materials. In view of environmental sustainability, hemp requires less pesticides or water in cultivation compared to cotton, a representative fiber plant. This short review investigates hemp's sustainability as a plant as well as its utility value as a highly nutritional material in the food industry. Recent application research of hemp protein in food processing includes plant milk, emulsifiers, fortification of gluten-free bread, plant-based meat production, as well as membrane formation. These studies have revealed distinctive properties of hemp protein, especially in relation to disulfide (S-S)/sulfhydryl (-SH)-mediated interactions with protein from other sources. While its cultivation area and industrial use were limited for a while over confusion with marijuana, the market for industrial hemp is growing rapidly because it has been highly reevaluated in multiple areas of industry. Conclusively, with its sustainability as a plant as well as its distinctive useful property of the seed protein, hemp has promising value in the development of new foods.
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Khalid A, Hameed A, Tahir MF. Wheat quality: A review on chemical composition, nutritional attributes, grain anatomy, types, classification, and function of seed storage proteins in bread making quality. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1053196. [PMID: 36908903 PMCID: PMC9998918 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1053196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) belonging to one of the most diverse and substantial families, Poaceae, is the principal cereal crop for the majority of the world's population. This cereal is polyploidy in nature and domestically grown worldwide. Wheat is the source of approximately half of the food calories consumed worldwide and is rich in proteins (gluten), minerals (Cu, Mg, Zn, P, and Fe), vitamins (B-group and E), riboflavin, niacin, thiamine, and dietary fiber. Wheat seed-storage proteins represent an important source of food and energy and play a major role in the determination of bread-making quality. The two groups of wheat grain proteins, i.e., gliadins and glutenins, have been widely studied using SDS-PAGE and other techniques. Sustainable production with little input of chemicals along with high nutritional quality for its precise ultimate uses in the human diet are major focus areas for wheat improvement. An expansion in the hereditary base of wheat varieties must be considered in the wheat breeding program. It may be accomplished in several ways, such as the use of plant genetic resources, comprising wild relatives and landraces, germplasm-assisted breeding through advanced genomic tools, and the application of modern methods, such as genome editing. In this review, we critically focus on phytochemical composition, reproduction growth, types, quality, seed storage protein, and recent challenges in wheat breeding and discuss possible ways forward to combat those issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Khalid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Jhang, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hameed
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies Specifically Reacting with the Trichothecene Mycotoxins Nivalenol and 15-Acetylnivalenol via the Introduction of a Linker Molecule into Its C-15 Position. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110747. [PMID: 36355997 PMCID: PMC9693464 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nivalenol (NIV) is a trichothecene mycotoxin that is more toxic than deoxynivalenol. It accumulates in grains due to infection with Fusarium species, which are the causative agents of scab or Fusarium head blight. An immunoassay, which is a rapid and easy analytical method, is necessary for monitoring NIV in grains. However, a specific antibody against NIV has not been prepared previously. To establish an immunoassay, we prepared NIV, introduced a linker, and generated antibodies against it. NIV was prepared from a culture of Fusarium kyushuense obtained from pressed barley through chromatographic procedures with synthetic adsorbents and silica gel. NIV was reacted with glutaric anhydride, and the reaction was stopped before mono-hemiglutaryl-NIV was changed to di-hemiglutaryl-NIV. 15-O-Hemiglutaryl-NIV was isolated via preparative HPLC and bound to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) using the active ester method. Two different monoclonal antibodies were prepared by immunizing mice with the NIV-KLH conjugate. The 50% inhibitory concentration values were 36 and 37 ng/mL. These antibodies also showed high reactivity in a direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and specifically reacted with NIV and 15-acetyl-NIV but not with deoxynivalenol and 4-acetyl-NIV.
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12
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Physiological and Antioxidant Response to Different Water Deficit Regimes of Flag Leaves and Ears of Wheat Grown under Combined Elevated CO2 and High Temperature. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182384. [PMID: 36145784 PMCID: PMC9504337 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gazul is a spring wheat widely cultivated in Castilla y León (Spain). Potted plants were grown in a scenario emulating the climate change environmental conditions expected by the end of this century, i.e., with elevated CO2 and high temperature under two water deficit regimes: long (LWD) and terminal (TWD). Changes in biomass and morphology, the content of proline (Pro), ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH), and enzymatic antioxidant activities were analyzed in flag leaves and ears. Additionally, leaf gas exchange was measured. LWD caused a decrease in biomass and AsA content but an increase in Pro content and catalase and GSH reductase activities in flag leaves, whereas TWD produced no significant changes. Photosynthesis was enhanced under both water deficit regimes. Increase in superoxide dismutase activity and Pro content was only observed in ears under TWD. The lack of a more acute effect of LWD and TWD on both organs was attributed to the ROS relieving effect of elevated CO2. Gazul acted as a drought tolerant variety with anisohydric behavior. A multifactorial analysis showed better adaptation of ears to water deficit than flag leaves, underlining the importance of this finding for breeding programs to improve grain yield under future climate change.
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13
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Preiti G, Calvi A, Giuffrè AM, Badagliacca G, Virzì N, Bacchi M. A Comparative Assessment of Agronomic and Baking Qualities of Modern/Old Varieties and Landraces of Wheat Grown in Calabria (Italy). Foods 2022; 11:foods11152359. [PMID: 35954124 PMCID: PMC9368158 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cultivation of wheat has been part of the evolution of human civilisation since ancient times. Wheat breeding has modified some of its characteristics to obtain improved varieties with high production potential that better meet the demands of the bread and pasta industry. Even today, there are still old varieties, landraces, adapted to particular environments. They are still cultivated in some areas because of the interest shown by the market in typical bakery products expressing the cultural heritage of local communities. The aim of this work was to evaluate the bio-agronomic and bakery characteristics of four modern genotypes, one old cultivar and two landraces of wheat typically grown in Calabria (Southern Italy). The experiment was carried out over two years in two different locations, during which the main bio-agronomic and quality traits related to bread making aptitude were detected. A marked difference was found between the landraces and the other genotypes in both agronomic and technological characteristics. Despite the higher protein and gluten content, landraces were found to have a significantly lower gluten index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Preiti
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Calvi
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Angelo Maria Giuffrè
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Badagliacca
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Nino Virzì
- CREA–Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Monica Bacchi
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
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14
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Hård af Segerstad EM, Liu X, Uusitalo U, Agardh D, Andrén Aronsson C. Sources of dietary gluten in the first 2 years of life and associations with celiac disease autoimmunity and celiac disease in Swedish genetically predisposed children: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:394-403. [PMID: 35394004 PMCID: PMC9348971 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High gluten intake is associated with increased risk of celiac disease (CD) in children at genetic risk. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate if different dietary gluten sources up to age 2 y confer different risks of celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) and CD in children at genetic risk. METHODS Three-day food records were collected at ages 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 mo from 2088 Swedish genetically at-risk children participating in a 15-y follow-up cohort study on type 1 diabetes and CD. Screening for CD was performed with tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (tTGA). The primary outcome was CDA, defined as persistent tTGA positivity. The secondary outcome was CD, defined as having a biopsy specimen showing Marsh score ≥ 2 or an averaged tTGA level ≥ 100 Units. Cox regression adjusted for total gluten intake estimated HRs with 95% CIs for daily intake of gluten sources. RESULTS During follow-up, 487 (23.3%) children developed CDA and 242 (11.6%) developed CD. Daily intake of ≤158 g porridge at age 9 mo was associated with increased risk of CDA (HR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.23; P = 0.026) compared with no intake. A high daily bread intake (>18.3 g) at age 12 mo was associated with increased risk of both CDA (HR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.05; P = 0.023) and CD (HR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.91; P = 0.019) compared with no intake. At age 18 mo, milk cereal drink was associated with an increased risk of CD (HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.33; P = 0.047) per 200-g/d increased intake. No association was found for other gluten sources up to age 24 mo and risk of CDA or CD. CONCLUSIONS High daily intakes of bread at age 12 mo and of milk cereal drink during the second year of life are associated with increased risk of both CDA and CD in genetically at-risk children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiang Liu
- Health Informatics Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Morsani Collage of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ulla Uusitalo
- Health Informatics Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Morsani Collage of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Agardh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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15
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Rotondi Aufiero V, Sapone A, Mazzarella G. Diploid Wheats: Are They Less Immunogenic for Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitive Consumers? Cells 2022; 11:cells11152389. [PMID: 35954233 PMCID: PMC9368055 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) is a clinical entity induced by the ingestion of gluten that leads to intestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms, and is diagnosed when celiac disease and wheat allergy have been ruled out. In addition to gluten, other grains’ components, including amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) and fermentable short-chain carbohydrates (FODMAPs), may trigger symptoms in NCWS subjects. Several studies suggest that, compared with tetraploid and hexaploid modern wheats, ancient diploid wheats species could possess a lower immunogenicity for subjects suffering from NCWS. This review aims to discuss available evidence related to the immunological features of diploid wheats compared to common wheats, and at outlining new dietary opportunities for NCWS subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Sapone
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
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16
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Wieser H, Koehler P, Scherf KA. Chemistry of wheat gluten proteins: Quantitative composition. Cereal Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Wieser
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| | | | - Katharina A. Scherf
- Department of Bioactive and Functional Food Chemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany
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17
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Wen N, Osorio CE, Brew-Appiah RAT, Mejías JH, Alam T, Kashyap S, Reinbothe S, Reinbothe C, Moehs CP, von Wettstein D, Rustgi S. Targeting Induced Local Lesions in the Wheat DEMETER and DRE2 Genes, Responsible for Transcriptional Derepression of Wheat Gluten Proteins in the Developing Endosperm. Front Nutr 2022; 9:847635. [PMID: 35308262 PMCID: PMC8928260 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.847635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat is a major source of energy and nutrition worldwide, but it is also a primary cause of frequent diet-induced health issues, specifically celiac disease, for which the only effective therapy so far is strict dietary abstinence from gluten-containing grains. Wheat gluten proteins are grouped into two major categories: high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMWgs), vital for mixing and baking properties, and gliadins plus low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMWgs) that contain the overwhelming majority of celiac-causing epitopes. We put forth a hypothesis that eliminating gliadins and LMWgs while retaining HMWgs might allow the development of reduced-immunogenicity wheat genotypes relevant to most gluten-sensitive individuals. This hypothesis stems from the knowledge that the molecular structures and regulatory mechanisms of the genes encoding the two groups of gluten proteins are quite different, and blocking one group's transcription, without affecting the other's, is possible. The genes for gliadins and LMWgs have to be de-methylated by 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase/lyase (DEMETER) and an iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster biogenesis enzyme (DRE2) early during endosperm development to permit their transcription. In this study, a TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) approach was undertaken to identify mutations in the homoeologous DEMETER (DME) and DRE2 genes in common and durum wheat. Lines with mutations in these genes were obtained that displayed reduced content of immunogenic gluten proteins while retaining essential baking properties. Although our data at first glance suggest new possibilities for treating celiac disease and are therefore of medical and agronomical interest, it also shows that inducing mutations in the DME and DRE2 genes analyzed here affected pollen viability and germination. Hence there is a need to develop other approaches in the future to overcome this undesired effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuan Wen
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Claudia E. Osorio
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Carillanca, Temuco, Chile
| | - Rhoda A. T. Brew-Appiah
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Jaime H. Mejías
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Carillanca, Temuco, Chile
| | - Tariq Alam
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Centre, Florence, SC, United States
| | - Samneet Kashyap
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Centre, Florence, SC, United States
| | - Steffen Reinbothe
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes, Université Grenoble-Alpes, BP53F, Grenoble, France
| | - Christiane Reinbothe
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes, Université Grenoble-Alpes, BP53F, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Diter von Wettstein
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Centre, Florence, SC, United States
- *Correspondence: Sachin Rustgi
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18
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Wang J, Jiang H, Chen Q. High-precision recognition of wheat mildew degree based on colorimetric sensor technique combined with multivariate analysis. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Lazebnik LB, Sarsenbaeva AS, Avalueva EB, Oreshko LS, Sitkin SI, Golovanova EV, Turkina SV, Khlynova OV, Sagalova OI, Mironchev OV. Clinical guidelines “Chronic diarrhea in adults”. EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY 2021:7-67. [DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-188-4-7-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. B. Lazebnik
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “A. I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russion Federation
| | | | - E. B. Avalueva
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Ministry of health of the Russian Federation
| | - L. S. Oreshko
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Ministry of health of the Russian Federation
| | - S. I. Sitkin
- North- Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Ministry of health of the Russian Federation;
Federal State Budgetary Institution “Almazov National Medical Research Centre” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - E. V. Golovanova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “A. I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russion Federation
| | - S. V. Turkina
- State-funded Educational Establishment of Higher Professional Education “Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation”
| | - O. V. Khlynova
- Perm State Medical University named after academician E. A. Vagner Ministry of Health care of Russia
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20
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Wieser H, Ruiz-Carnicer Á, Segura V, Comino I, Sousa C. Challenges of Monitoring the Gluten-Free Diet Adherence in the Management and Follow-Up of Patients with Celiac Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:2274. [PMID: 34209138 PMCID: PMC8308436 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic gluten-responsive immune mediated enteropathy and is treated with a gluten-free diet (GFD). However, a strict diet for life is not easy due to the ubiquitous nature of gluten. This review aims at examining available evidence on the degree of adherence to a GFD, the methods to assess it, and the barriers to its implementation. The methods for monitoring the adherence to a GFD are comprised of a dietary questionnaire, celiac serology, or clinical symptoms; however, none of these methods generate either a direct or an accurate measure of dietary adherence. A promising advancement is the development of tests that measure gluten immunogenic peptides in stools and urine. Causes of adherence/non-adherence to a GFD are numerous and multifactorial. Inadvertent dietary non-adherence is more frequent than intentional non-adherence. Cross-contamination of gluten-free products with gluten is a major cause of inadvertent non-adherence, while the limited availability, high costs, and poor quality of certified gluten-free products are responsible for intentionally breaking a GFD. Therefore, several studies in the last decade have indicated that many patients with CD who follow a GFD still have difficulty controlling their diet and, therefore, regularly consume enough gluten to trigger symptoms and damage the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carolina Sousa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (Á.R.-C.); (V.S.); (I.C.)
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21
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Bradauskiene V, Vaiciulyte-Funk L, Martinaitiene D, Andruskiene J, Verma AK, Lima JPM, Serin Y, Catassi C. Wheat consumption and prevalence of celiac disease: Correlation from a multilevel analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:18-32. [PMID: 34184959 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1939650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is triggered by both genetic and environmental factors. More than 1% of the world's population is affected by CD. In recent years, studies have confirmed a worldwide rising trend in CD prevalence. "Westernized diet" is one of the main factors of this increasing prevalence. However, the relationship between wheat consumption, its dynamics, and CD has not been adequately investigated on a global scale. This study aimed to perform a multilevel analysis of the association between wheat consumption and CD. Wheat consumption data from countries and continents were obtained from the database. The relative increase/decrease in wheat consumption over a long period (since 1961) and a short period (since 2004) were calculated using various statistical tools. The relationship between wheat consumption and celiac frequency was determined using the R-commander R package version 2.6-2. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r = 0.88) confirmed a high positive correlation between wheat consumption and the prevalence of biopsy-proven CD by estimating continent-wide wheat consumption data, but an insignificant correlation was found when the data were compared country-wide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijole Bradauskiene
- Food Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Faculty of Technology, Klaipeda State University of Applied Sciences, Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | | | - Dalia Martinaitiene
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Faculty of Technology, Klaipeda State University of Applied Sciences, Klaipeda, Lithuania.,Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine of Neuroscience Institute of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Andruskiene
- Department of Oral Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda State University of Applied Sciences, Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | - Anil K Verma
- Celiac Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - João P M Lima
- Scientific-Pedagogical Unit of Dietetics and Nutrition, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Coimbra, Portugal.,GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Porto, Portugal.,ciTechCare - Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Yeliz Serin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Carlo Catassi
- Department of Pediatrics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Thiel AL, Ragab M, Wagner AE, Divanovic S, Derer S, Sina C. Purification and Functional Characterization of the Chloroform/Methanol-Soluble Protein 3 (CM3) From Triticum aestivum in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Nutr 2021; 7:607937. [PMID: 33425975 PMCID: PMC7785803 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.607937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) has been proposed to be an independent disease entity that is characterized by intestinal (e.g., abdominal pain, flatulence) and extra-intestinal symptoms (e.g., headache, fatigue), which are propagated following the ingestion of wheat products. Increased activity of amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) in modern wheat is suggested to be major trigger of NCWS, while underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. Here, we aimed to generate and functionally characterize the most abundant ATI in modern wheat, chloroform/methanol-soluble protein 3 (CM3), in vitro and in Drosophila melanogaster. We demonstrate that CM3 displays α-glucosidase but not α-amylase or trypsin inhibitory activity in vitro. Moreover, fruit flies fed a sucrose-containing diet together with CM3 displayed significant overgrowth of intestinal bacteria in a sucrose-dependent manner while the consumption of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors was sufficient to limit bacterial quantities in the intestine. Notably, both CM3 and acarbose-treated flies showed a reduced lifespan. However, this effect was absent in amylase inhibitor (AI) treated flies. Together, given α-glucosidase is a crucial requirement for disaccharide digestion, we suggest that inhibition of α-glucosidase by CM3 enhances disaccharide load in the distal gastrointestinal tract, thereby promoting intestinal bacteria overgrowth. However, it remains speculative if this here described former unknown function of CM3 might contribute to the development of gastrointestinal symptoms observed in NCWS patients which are very similar to symptoms of patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Thiel
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Molecular Gastroenterology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mohab Ragab
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Molecular Gastroenterology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anika E Wagner
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Nutrition and Immune System, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Stefanie Derer
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Molecular Gastroenterology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine and 1st Department of Medicine, Section of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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