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Apte M, Zambre S, Pisar P, Roy B, Tupe R. Decoding the role of aldosterone in glycation-induced diabetic complications. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 721:150107. [PMID: 38781658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes-mediated development of micro and macro-vascular complications is a global concern. One of the factors is hyperglycemia induced the non-enzymatic formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Accumulated AGEs bind with receptor of AGEs (RAGE) causing inflammation, oxidative stress and extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) modifications responsible for fibrosis, cell damage and tissue remodeling. Moreover, during hyperglycemia, aldosterone (Aldo) secretion increases, and its interaction with mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) through genomic and non-genomic pathways leads to inflammation and fibrosis. Extensive research on individual involvement of AGEs-RAGE and Aldo-MR pathways in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and impaired immune system has led to the discovery of therapeutic drugs. Despite mutual repercussions, the cross-talk between AGEs-RAGE and Aldo-MR pathways remains unresolved. Hence, this review focuses on the possible interaction of Aldo and glycation in DN and CVDs, considering the clinical significance of mutual molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayura Apte
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Saee Zambre
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Pratiksha Pisar
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Bishnudeo Roy
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Rashmi Tupe
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra State, India.
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Zaidi S, Asalla S, Muturi HT, Russo L, Abdolahipour R, Belew GD, Iglesias MB, Feraudo M, Leon L, Kuo E, Liu X, Kumarasamy S, Ghadieh HE, Gatto-Weis C, Zarrinpar A, Duarte S, Najjar SM. Loss of CEACAM1 in hepatocytes causes hepatic fibrosis. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14177. [PMID: 38381498 PMCID: PMC11153018 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of insulin resistance in hepatic fibrosis in Metabolic dysfunction-Associated SteatoHepatitis (MASH) remains unclear. Carcinoembryonic Antigen-related Cell Adhesion Molecule1 protein (CEACAM1) promotes insulin clearance to maintain insulin sensitivity and repress de novo lipogenesis, as bolstered by the development of insulin resistance and steatohepatitis in AlbuminCre + Cc1fl/fl mice with liver-specific mouse gene encoding CEACAM1 protein (Ceacam1) deletion. We herein investigated whether these mice also developed hepatic fibrosis and whether hepatic CEACAM1 is reduced in patients with MASH at different fibrosis stages. METHODS AlbuminCre + Cc1fl/fl mice were fed a regular or a high-fat diet before their insulin metabolism and action were assessed during IPGTT, and their livers excised for histochemical, immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis. Sirius red staining was used to assess fibrosis, and media transfer was employed to examine whether mutant hepatocytes activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Hepatic CEACAM1 protein levels in patients with varying disease stages were assessed by ELISA. RESULTS Hepatocytic deletion of Ceacam1 caused hyperinsulinemia-driven insulin resistance emanating from reduced hepatic insulin clearance. AlbuminCre + Cc1fl/fl livers showed inflammation, fibrosis and hepatic injury, with more advanced bridging and chicken-wire hepatic fibrosis under high-fat conditions. Media transferred from hepatocytes isolated from mutant mice activated control HSCs, likely owing to their elevated endothelin1 content. Interestingly, hepatic CEACAM1 levels were lower in the livers of patients with MASH and declined gradually with advanced fibrosis stage. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic CEACAM1 levels declined with progression of MASH in humans. The phenotype of AlbuminCre + Cc1fl/fl mice assigned a key role to CEACAM1 loss from hepatocytes in hepatic fibrosis independently of other liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Zaidi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Suman Asalla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Harrison T. Muturi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Lucia Russo
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Raziyeh Abdolahipour
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Getachew Debas Belew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Maria Benitez Iglesias
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Mary Feraudo
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lensay Leon
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Enoch Kuo
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sivarajan Kumarasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Hilda E. Ghadieh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Balamand, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al-Koura, Lebanon
| | - Cara Gatto-Weis
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ali Zarrinpar
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sergio Duarte
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sonia M. Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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Erdemli Z, Gul M, Kayhan E, Gokturk N, Bag HG, Erdemli ME. High-fat and carbohydrate diet caused chronic kidney damage by disrupting kidney function, caspase-3, oxidative stress and inflammation. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 172:106822. [PMID: 38395139 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to compare the effects of a diet rich in fat, carbohydrates and protein on rat kidneys. The study was conducted on 40 Wistar albino rats bred at İnönü University Faculty of Medicine after the approval of the ethics committee. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control group, and the groups where the animals were fed with high carbohydrate, fat and protein rich feed. After the applications, the rat kidney tissues were removed by laparoscopy under anesthesia and blood samples were collected. 13 weeks long fat-rich and carbohydrate feed application had negative effects on oxidant-antioxidant balance, oxidative stress index, inflammation markers, kidney functions tests, histopathology and immunohistochemistry caspase-3 findings in rat kidney tissues, especially in the carbohydrate group when compared to the controls. Protein-rich feed, there were no significant difference in biochemical and histopathology compared to the control group. Fat and carbohydrate rich feed led to an increase in oxidative stress in rat kidney tissues. Oxidative stress led to nephrotoxicity, which in turn led to chronic kidney tissue damages. A more balanced and protein-rich diet instead of excessive sugar and fatty food intake could be suggested to prevent chronic kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Erdemli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Elif Kayhan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Turgut Ozal University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Gokturk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Harika Gozukara Bag
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erman Erdemli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
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Jiang Y, Han C, Gong H, Chen J, Tang B, Yang M, Qin Q, Wei S. Berberine inhibits SGIV replication by suppressing inflammatory response and oxidative stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109522. [PMID: 38548190 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is one of the major infectious diseases responsible for high mortality and huge economic losses in the grouper aquaculture industry. Berberine (BBR), a naturally occurring plant alkaloid, is a phytochemical having a variety of biological properties, such as antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this work, we used an in vitro model based on Western blot, ROS fluorescence probe, and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) to examine the antiviral qualities of BBR against SGIV. The outcomes demonstrated that varying BBR concentrations could significantly inhibit the replication of SGIV. In addition, BBR greatly inhibited the production of genes associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines in SGIV-infected or SGIV-uninfected GS cells based on qRT-PCR data. Subsequent investigations demonstrated that BBR suppressed the expression of the promoter activity of NF-κB and NF-κB-p65 protein. Additionally, BBR reduced the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2, JNK, and p38. Furthermore, BBR also inhibits SGIV-induced ROS production by upregulating the expression of antioxidant-related genes. In conclusion, BBR is a viable therapy option for SGIV infection due to its antiviral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Jiang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chengzong Han
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hannan Gong
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiatao Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Biao Tang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, 511457, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, 511457, China.
| | - Shina Wei
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, 511457, China.
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Kim M. Mitochondria of T Lymphocytes Promote Anti-Pulmonary Tumor Immune Response. World J Oncol 2024; 15:472-481. [PMID: 38751696 PMCID: PMC11092414 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), a protein involved in apoptosis, has been proven to have carcinogenic potential and is well documented. With the recent advancement in optical technology, it has become possible to observe subcellular organelles such as mitochondria in real-time without the need for staining. Consequently, we have examined the movement of mitochondria in cancer cells, correlating it with the regulation of Bcl-2. Methods Using a tomographic microscope, which can detect the internal structure of cells, we observed lung tumor cells. Cells were exposed to a laser beam (λ = 520 nm) inclined at 45°, and holographic images were recorded up to a depth of 30 µm of reconstruction. Results Intriguingly, lung tumor cells rapidly expelled mitochondria upon the attachment of Bcl-2 or B-cell lymphoma extra-large (Bcl-xL) inhibitors. On the other hand, we observed that tumor cells hijack mitochondria from T cells. The hijacked mitochondria were not immediately linked to tumor cell death, but they played a role in assisting granzyme B-induced tumor cell death. Due to lower levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL on the mitochondria of T cells compared to lung tumor cells, immune cells depleted of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL were co-cultured with the tumor cells. Conclusions As a result, a more effective tumor cell death induced by granzyme B was observed. Additionally, further enhanced anticancer immune response was observed in vivo. Together, we show that modified mitochondria of T cells can provide potential novel strategies towards tumor cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea.
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Shivyari FT, Pakniat H, Nooshabadi MR, Rostami S, Haghighian HK, Shiri-Shahsavari MR. Examining the oleoylethanolamide supplement effects on glycemic status, oxidative stress, inflammation, and anti-mullerian hormone in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:111. [PMID: 38778429 PMCID: PMC11110282 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This clinical trial was designed and conducted due to the anti-inflammatory potential of Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) to examine the effect of OEA supplement on glycemic status, oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHOD This study was a randomized clinical trial, double-blinded, placebo-controlled that was carried out on 90 women with PCOS. Patients were divided into two groups: receiving an OEA supplement (n = 45) or a placebo (n = 45). The intervention group received 125 mg/day OEA and the placebo group received the wheat flour for 8 weeks. Demographic data were collected through questionnaires. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin resistance (IR), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and AMH were measured before and after the study. RESULTS Data analysis of food recall and physical activity questionnaires, showed no significant differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). Biochemical factors including glycemic status, MDA, inflammatory factors, and AMH decreased significantly (p < 0.05). TAC increased remarkably (p < 0.05) in comparison between the two groups, after the intervention. CONCLUSION OEA supplement with anti-inflammatory characteristics could be efficient independent of diet changes and physical activity in improving disrupted biochemical factors, so both supplementation or food resources of this fatty acid could be considered as a compensatory remedy in patients with PCOS. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was retrospectively (09-01-2022) registered in the Iranian website ( www.irct.ir ) for registration of clinical trials (IRCT20141025019669N20).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamideh Pakniat
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Kowsar Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Shaghayegh Rostami
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Kowsar Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hossein Khadem Haghighian
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Miao L, Zhou Y, Tan D, Zhou C, Ruan CC, Wang S, Wang Y, Vong CT, Cheang WS. Ginsenoside Rk1 improves endothelial function in diabetes through activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Food Funct 2024; 15:5485-5495. [PMID: 38690748 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05222b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rk1, one kind of ginsenoside, is a minor ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and used as traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. It exhibits anti-tumor and anti-aggregation effects. However, little research has been done on its effect on endothelial function. This study investigated whether ginsenoside Rk1 improved endothelial dysfunction in diabetes and the underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a 12 week high-fat diet (60% kcal % fat), whereas treatment groups were orally administered with ginsenoside Rk1 (10 and 20 mg per kg per day) in the last 4 weeks. Aortas isolated from C57BL/6 mice were induced by high glucose (HG; 30 mM) and co-treated with or without ginsenoside Rk1 (1 and 10 μM) for 48 h ex vivo. Moreover, primary rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) were cultured and stimulated by HG (44 mM) to mimic hyperglycemia, with or without the co-treatment of ginsenoside Rk1 (10 μM) for 48 h. Endothelium-dependent relaxations of mouse aortas were damaged with elevated oxidative stress and downregulation of three isoforms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ, and PPAR-γ, as well as endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation due to HG or high-fat diet stimulation, which also existed in RAECs. However, after the treatment with ginsenoside Rk1, these impairments were all ameliorated significantly. Moreover, the vaso-protective and anti-oxidative effects of ginsenoside Rk1 were abolished by PPAR antagonists (GSK0660, GW9662 or GW6471). In conclusion, this study reveals that ginsenoside Rk1 ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and suppresses oxidative stress in diabetic vasculature through activating the PPAR/eNOS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchao Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Dechao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chunxiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Cheng-Chao Ruan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Wai San Cheang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
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Al-Hussan R, Albadr NA, Alshammari GM, Almasri SA, Alfayez FF, Yahya MA. Phloretamide Protects against Diabetic Kidney Damage and Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats by Attenuating Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia, Suppressing NF-κβ, and Upregulating Nrf2. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:505. [PMID: 38675166 PMCID: PMC11053512 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Potent hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects were recently reported for the apple-derived phenolic compound phloretamide (PLTM). The renoprotective effects of this compound are yet to be shown. This study aimed to examine the potential of PLTM to prevent diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and to examine the possible mechanisms of protection. Non-diabetic and STZ-diabetic male rats were treated orally by gavage with either the vehicle or with PTLM (200 mg/kg; twice/week) for 12 weeks. PTLM significantly increased urine volume and prevented glomerular and tubular damage and vacuolization in STZ-diabetic rats. It also increased creatinine excretion and reduced urinary albumin levels and the renal levels of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and nephrin in the diabetic rats. PTLM also prevented an increase in the nuclear levels of NF-κβ, as well as the total levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), caspase-3, and Bax in the kidneys of diabetic rats. These effects were associated with reduced serum levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In both the control and diabetic rats, PTLM significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose and enhanced the renal mRNA and cytoplasmic levels of Nrf2, as well as the levels of Bcl2, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH). However, PTLM failed to alter the cytoplasmic levels of keap1 in diabetic rats. In conclusion, PTLM prevents renal damage and dysfunction in STZ-diabetic rats through its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities, as well as through its antioxidant potential, which is mediated by activating the Nrf2/antioxidant axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Al-Hussan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal A Albadr
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soheir A Almasri
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farah Fayez Alfayez
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Galal HM, Abdelhafez AT, Sayed MM, Gomaa WMS, Tohamy TA, Gomaa AMS, El-Metwally TH. Impact of L-Arginine on diabetes-induced neuropathy and myopathy: Roles of PAI-1, Irisin, oxidative stress, NF-κβ, autophagy and microRNA-29a. Tissue Cell 2024; 87:102342. [PMID: 38430848 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T2DM is a chronic disorder with progressive neuromuscular alterations. L-arginine (ARG) is the most common semi-essential amino acid having several metabolic functions. AIM to investigate the impact of L-arginine in combating diabetic-induced neuromyopathy and its possible mechanisms. MATERIALS & METHODS 24 rats were divided into CON, CON+ARG, DC, DC+ARG. Behavioral tests, Body weight (BW), fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and irisin were done. Creatine kinase-MM (CK-MM), interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 6 (IL-6), TAC, MDA, expression of microRNA-29a mRNA & light chain 3 protein were determined in muscle. Histological and NF-κβ immunohistochemical expression in muscle and nerve were assessed. RESULTS ARG supplementation to diabetic rats improved altered behavior, significantly increased BW, insulin, TAC, irisin and Il-4, decreased levels of glucose, microRNA-29a, NF-κβ and LC3 expression, PAI-1, CK-MM and restored the normal histological appearance. CONCLUSIONS ARG supplementation potently alleviated diabetic-induced neuromuscular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Galal
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia; Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alaa T Abdelhafez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Badr University, New Nasser City, West of Assiut, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Manal M Sayed
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Walaa M S Gomaa
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa M S Gomaa
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Tarek H El-Metwally
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia; Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Das D, Banerjee A, Manna K, Sarkar D, Shil A, Sikdar Ne E Bhakta M, Mukherjee S, Maji BK. Quercetin counteracts monosodium glutamate to mitigate immunosuppression in the thymus and spleen via redox-guided cellular signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155226. [PMID: 38387276 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation brought on by oxidative stress can result in several immunopathologies. Natural compounds with antioxidant characteristics, like quercetin, have shown effectiveness in reducing oxidative damage and regulating the immune response. PURPOSE The commonly used food additive monosodium glutamate (M) causes immunosuppression by disrupting redox equilibrium and inducing oxidative stress. The goal of this work is to examine the therapeutic potential of quercetin against immunotoxicity brought on by M, revealing the molecular route implicated in such immunopathology by targeting the thymus and spleen, to support the development of future anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapies. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS M-fed rats were employed as an immunotoxicity model and were supplemented with quercetin for four weeks. Hematological and biochemical parameters were measured; H&E staining, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, real-time quantitative PCR, and western blotting were performed. RESULTS Based on the findings, TLR4 was activated by M to cause oxidative stress-mediated inflammation, which was alleviated by the supplementation of quercetin by modulating redox homeostasis to neutralize free radicals and suppress the inflammatory response. To prevent M-induced inflammation, quercetin demonstrated anti-inflammatory functions by blocking NF-kB activation, lowering the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increasing the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. By normalizing lipid profiles and lowering the potential risk of immunological deficiency caused by M, quercetin also improves lipid metabolism. Additionally, it has shown potential for modifying insulin levels, suggesting a possible function in controlling M-induced alteration in glucose metabolism. The addition of quercetin to M enhanced the immune response by improving immunoglobulin levels and CD4/CD8 expression in the thymus and spleen. Additionally, quercetin inhibited apoptosis by controlling mitochondrial caspase-mediated cellular signaling, suggesting that it may be able to halt cell death in M-fed rats. CONCLUSION The results of this study first indicate that quercetin, via modulating redox-guided cellular signaling, has a promising role in reducing immune disturbances. This study illuminates the potential of quercetin as a safe, natural remedy for immunopathology caused by M, including thymic hypoplasia and/or splenomegaly, and paves the way for future anti-inflammatory and antioxidant supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Das
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnendu Manna
- Department of Food & Nutrition, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Deotima Sarkar
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Aparna Shil
- Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics Laboratory, Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata-700073, India
| | - Mausumi Sikdar Ne E Bhakta
- Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics Laboratory, Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata-700073, India
| | - Sandip Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India
| | - Bithin Kumar Maji
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India.
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Sun X, Gu Y, Liu X, Korla PK, Hao J. Neferine Pretreatment Attenuates Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Injury Through Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04917-3. [PMID: 38526658 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Heart attacks, also known as myocardial infarctions (MIs), are one of the main reasons people die from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) worldwide. Neferine, an alkaloid derived from Nelumbo nucifera seeds, has garnered interest due to its purported medicinal effects. In the current research, we induced MI in rats using the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol to investigate whether neferine can improve cardiac dysfunction. The rats were separated into four groups: control, isoproterenol (ISO), and two treatment groups received neferine at doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg once daily for 28 days. On days 27 and 28, the groups undergoing treatment were administered with an ISO injection. Results showed that pretreatment with neferine strongly protected against changes in lipid profiles and cardiac functional markers in ISO-administered rats. Neferine attenuated histopathologic changes, collagen deposition, and myocardial fibrosis in rats administered ISO. Neferine pretreatment significantly inhibited the oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers in the heart of ISO-injected rats. This was achieved through Nrf2/Keap1/ARE signaling stimulation, TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK-mediated signaling inhibition, and activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Using CB-Dock-2, researchers determined that neferine has a high binding affinity with protein receptors that are pivotal in several biological processes. In conclusion, the study provides strong evidence that pretreatment with neferine protects rats from ISO-induced heart damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Sun
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Yongwen Gu
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Suzhou Yongding Hospital, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Xinghua Liu
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Putuo Center Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Praveen Kumar Korla
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Junjun Hao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Blanot M, Casaroli-Marano RP, Mondéjar-Medrano J, Sallén T, Ramírez E, Segú-Vergés C, Artigas L. Aflibercept Off-Target Effects in Diabetic Macular Edema: An In Silico Modeling Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3621. [PMID: 38612432 PMCID: PMC11011561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intravitreal aflibercept injection (IAI) is a treatment for diabetic macular edema (DME), but its mechanism of action (MoA) has not been completely elucidated. Here, we aimed to explore IAI's MoA and its multi-target nature in DME pathophysiology with an in silico (computer simulation) disease model. We used the Therapeutic Performance Mapping System (Anaxomics Biotech property) to generate mathematical models based on the available scientific knowledge at the time of the study, describing the relationship between the modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) by IAI and DME pathophysiological processes. We also undertook an enrichment analysis to explore the processes modulated by IAI, visualized the effectors' predicted protein activity, and specifically evaluated the role of VEGFR1 pathway inhibition on DME treatment. The models simulated the potential pathophysiology of DME and the likely IAI's MoA by inhibiting VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 signaling. The action of IAI through both signaling pathways modulated the identified pathophysiological processes associated with DME, with the strongest effects in angiogenesis, blood-retinal barrier alteration and permeability, and inflammation. VEGFR1 inhibition was essential to modulate inflammatory protein effectors. Given the role of VEGFR1 signaling on the modulation of inflammatory-related pathways, IAI may offer therapeutic advantages for DME through sustained VEGFR1 pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Blanot
- Anaxomics Biotech S.L., 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (E.R.); (C.S.-V.); (L.A.)
| | - Ricardo Pedro Casaroli-Marano
- Department of Surgery (FMCS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Thaïs Sallén
- Bayer Hispania S.L., 08970 Sant Joan Despí, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (T.S.)
| | - Esther Ramírez
- Anaxomics Biotech S.L., 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (E.R.); (C.S.-V.); (L.A.)
| | - Cristina Segú-Vergés
- Anaxomics Biotech S.L., 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (E.R.); (C.S.-V.); (L.A.)
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Artigas
- Anaxomics Biotech S.L., 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (E.R.); (C.S.-V.); (L.A.)
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Hamadjida A, Mbomo REA, Minko SE, Ntchapda F, Kilekoung Mingoas JP, Nnanga N. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Boswellia dalzielii and Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Metabol Open 2024; 21:100278. [PMID: 38455229 PMCID: PMC10918424 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2024.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the leading worldwide public health problems. It is characterized by hyperglycemia which induces oxidative stress and inflammation, both involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. We previously showed that Boswellia dalzielii (BD) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) extracts reduced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In the present study, we evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of both plants in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Two sets of experiments were conducted in male Wistar rats subjected to a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg, b. w.). Then, diabetic rats were daily administered with either BD (1st set of experiments) or HS (2nd set of experiments) at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg orally for 21 consecutive days. Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) was also administered as a reference drug. At the end of the study, the animals were anesthetized, and blood samples were collected from each animal. Then, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in the serum were determined. We found that treatment with BD and HS significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and enhanced the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). These extracts also significantly decreased the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). From the results obtained, it can therefore be concluded that BD and HS have the potential to being developed as natural sources of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents that can be used for the prevention or treatment of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adjia Hamadjida
- Department of Life Science, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Bertoua, Bertoua, Cameroon
- Pharmacological Research Laboratory of Medicinal Plants, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Bertoua, Bertoua, Cameroon
| | | | - Stéphane Essono Minko
- Department of Life Science, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Bertoua, Bertoua, Cameroon
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P. O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Fidèle Ntchapda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | | | - Nga Nnanga
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Legislation, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Salama RAM, Raafat FA, Hasanin AH, Hendawy N, Saleh LA, Habib EK, Hamza M, Hassan ANE. A neuroprotective effect of pentoxifylline in rats with diabetic neuropathy: Mitigation of inflammatory and vascular alterations. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111533. [PMID: 38271813 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of diabetic neuropathic pain does not change the natural history of neuropathy. Improved glycemic control is the recommended treatment in these cases, given that no specific treatment for the underlying nerve damage is available, so far. In the present study, the potential neuroprotective effect of pentoxifylline in streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) induced diabetic neuropathy in rats was investigated. METHODS Pentoxifylline was administered at doses equivalent to 50, 100 & 200 mg/kg, in drinking water, starting one week after streptozotocin injection and for 7 weeks. Mechanical allodynia, body weight and blood glucose level were assessed weekly. Epidermal thickness of the footpad skin, and neuroinflammation and vascular alterations markers were assessed. RESULTS Tactile allodynia was less in rats that received pentoxifylline at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg (60 % mechanical threshold increased by 48 % and 60 %, respectively). The decrease in epidermal thickness of footpad skin was almost completely prevented by the same doses. This was associated with a decrease in spinal tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and nuclear factor kappa B levels and a decrease in microglial ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 immunoreactivity, compared to the control diabetic group. In sciatic nerve, there was decrease in TNF-α and vascular endothelial growth factor levels and intercellular adhesion molecule immunoreactivity. CONCLUSION Pentoxifylline showed a neuroprotective effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy, which was associated with a suppression of both the inflammatory and vascular pathogenic pathways that was not associated with a hypoglycemic effect. Thus, it may represent a potential neuroprotective drug for diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghda A M Salama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatema Ahmed Raafat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany Helmy Hasanin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nevien Hendawy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Lobna A Saleh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman K Habib
- Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Suez, Egypt; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - May Hamza
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Nour Eldin Hassan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
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15
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Suryavanshi SV, Kulkarni YA. Abrogation of cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats by escin - possible role of NF-κβ and MCP-1. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:49-55. [PMID: 34383591 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1963782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic cardiomyopathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes. Escin may significantly inhibit myocardial damage through its NF-κβ inhibitory, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and potent anti-inflammatory activity. Hence, the study was carried out to evaluate the effect of escin in diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS Diabetes induction was done in rats with streptozotocin. After six weeks of induction, diabetic animals were administered with escin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) for the next four weeks. RESULTS Escin prevented the progression of abnormalities in the biochemical, hemodynamic parameters and electrocardiogram. Escin also prevented the progression of abnormality in the oxidative stress parameters. The expression of NF-κβ and MCP-1 was significantly reduced with escin treatment. Furthermore, escin also prevented damage to myocardial cells and reduced collagen deposition in the cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION Escin prevented the progression of cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats. Hence escin can be an alternative option for the management of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin V Suryavanshi
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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16
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Nuthikattu S, Milenkovic D, Norman JE, Villablanca AC. Single nuclei transcriptomics in diabetic mice reveals altered brain hippocampal endothelial cell function, permeability, and behavior. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166970. [PMID: 38036105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular sequelae. Yet, a clear pattern of gene dysregulation by T2DM in dementia has yet to be defined. We used single nuclei RNA sequencing technology to profile the transcriptome of endothelial cells (EC) from anatomically defined hippocampus of db/db mice to identify differentially expressed (DE) genes, gene pathways and networks, predicted regulating transcription factors, and targets of DE long noncoding RNAs. We also applied gadolinium (Gd) enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and functionally assessed cognitive behavior. The murine gene expression profiles were then integrated with those of persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). We reveal that the transcriptome of the diabetic hippocampal murine brain endothelium differs substantially from control wild types with molecular changes characterized by differential RNA coding and noncoding pathways enriched for EC signaling and for endothelial functions for neuroinflammation, endothelial barrier disruption, and neurodegeneration. Gd enhanced structural brain MRI linked endothelial molecular alterations to BBB dysfunction by neuroimaging. Integrated multiomics of hippocampal endothelial gene dysregulation associated with impairments in cognitive adaptive capacity. In addition, the diabetic transcriptome significantly and positively correlated with that of persons with AD and VaD. Taken together, our results from comprehensive, multilevel, integrated, single nuclei transcriptomics support the hypothesis of T2DM-mediated neuroinflammation and endothelial cell and barrier disruption as key mechanisms in cognitive decline in T2DM, thereby suggesting potential endothelial-specific molecular therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saivageethi Nuthikattu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jennifer E Norman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Amparo C Villablanca
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Das MJ, Banerjee D, Banerjee A, Muchahary S, Sinha A, Gogoi D, Chattopadhyay P, Dasgupta S, Deka SC. Safety and antidiabetic activity of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. juice in streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117111. [PMID: 37673199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetes and its complications have overwhelmed India's healthcare system. Current therapies are expensive and have adverse side effects, thus dietary changes and alternative treatments are needed. Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. Juice is used mainly for its nutritional and medicinal values, however toxicity of the juice and antidiabetic effects have been poorly characterized. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the toxicity, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. (LS) juice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro antidiabetic (α-glucosidase, α-amylase and DPP-4 inhibitory) activities were screened using standard procedures. The glucose uptake test was carried out by using L6 rat skeletal muscle cell line. In vivo sub-acute toxicity of LS juice was assessed on Wistar rats. Wistar rats were induced with diabetes by a single intraperitoneal (I.P) injection of freshly prepared streptozotocin (55 mg/kg body weight). The animals were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal control, untreated diabetic control, diabetic rats. Different dose of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg body weight of LS juice were administered, one group of diabetic rats were administered with 2 IU/mL insulin. The rats were sacrificed on the 31st day of the experiment and various in vivo biochemical parameters were evaluated in the serum and tissue homogenates of diabetic rats. RESULTS Significant dose-dependent inhibition of α-amylase (22.6%), α-glucosidase (50.13%), and DPP-4 (61.50%) activity was observed by LS juice. LS juice (10 μg/mL) increased insulin-mediated 2NBDG (2-(N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) Amino)-2-Deoxyglucose) absorption in L6 cells. Animals treated with LS juice showed no toxicity or unfavorable pharmacological effects. Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. Juice improved glucose tolerance in diabetic rats with reduced fasting blood glucose. Lipopolysaccharide induced NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β production was also decreased in rats fed with LS juice. CONCLUSION Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. Juice has demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory properties as well as the capacity to inhibit the digestion enzymes glucosidase and amylase. Our findings thus open new avenues for further research into the antidiabetic potential of LS juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Jyoti Das
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Dipanjan Banerjee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Amartya Banerjee
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India
| | - Sangita Muchahary
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Archana Sinha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | | | - Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India
| | - Suman Dasgupta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Sankar Chandra Deka
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India.
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Shrivastav D, Singh DD. Emerging roles of microRNAs as diagnostics and potential therapeutic interest in type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:525-537. [PMID: 38322458 PMCID: PMC10841963 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i3.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease of impaired glucose utilization. Uncontrolled high sugar levels lead to advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which affects several metabolic pathways by its receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and causes diabetic complication. MiRNAs are small RNA molecules which regulate genes linked to diabetes and affect AGEs pathogenesis, and target tissues, influencing health and disease processes. AIM To explore miRNA roles in T2DM's metabolic pathways for potential therapeutic and diagnostic advancements in diabetes complications. METHODS We systematically searched the electronic database PubMed using keywords. We included free, full-length research articles that evaluate the role of miRNAs in T2DM and its complications, focusing on genetic and molecular disease mechanisms. After assessing the full-length papers of the shortlisted articles, we included 12 research articles. RESULTS Several types of miRNAs are linked in metabolic pathways which are affected by AGE/RAGE axis in T2DM and its complications. miR-96-5p, miR-7-5p, miR-132, has_circ_0071106, miR-143, miR-21, miR-145-5p, and more are associated with various aspects of T2DM, including disease risk, diagnostic markers, complications, and gene regulation. CONCLUSION Targeting the AGE/RAGE axis, with a focus on miRNA regulation, holds promise for managing T2DM and its complications. MiRNAs have therapeutic potential as they can influence the metabolic pathways affected by AGEs and RAGE, potentially reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular complications. Additionally, miRNAs may serve as early diagnostic biomarkers for T2DM. Further research in this area may lead to innovative therapeutic strategies for diabetes and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Desh Deepak Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
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Jbrael YJ, Hamad BK. Ameliorating impact of coenzyme Q10 on the profile of adipokines, cardiomyopathy, and hematological markers correlated with the glucotoxicity sequelae in diabetic rats. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296775. [PMID: 38227584 PMCID: PMC10790996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In diabetes, high blood glucose induces glucotoxicity, resulting in the further damage of pancreatic beta-cells and then precipitating diabetic complications. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between glucotoxicity with the level of adipokines, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and hematological markers. Moreover, the study examined the potential modulatory effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the aforementioned markers associated with the sequelae of diabetes mellitus. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four male rats were randomly assigned to receive an injection of STZ to induce diabetes (n = 16) or to remain uninduced (n = 8). The hyperglycemic status was induced in fasting rats by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (45 mg /kg b.w.) dissolved in citrate buffer (pH 4.5). Three days after STZ injection, rats were divided into three groups; Normal control group (A), Diabetic control group (B), and CoQ10- treated diabetic group (C). The group (C) was fed with the basal diet supplemented with 5 g of CoQ10 per kilogram of diet for three weeks after the diabetes induction. After 21 days, the blood and serum samples were taken to conduct biochemical analyses. Blood glucose was determined by Blood Glucose Monitoring System. Adipokines or cytokines were evaluated by ELISA from a serum sample. Cardiac myopathy biomarkers were estimated by UP-Converting Phosphor Immunoassay Analyzer, and hematological parameters were measured by automatic hematology analyzer. RESULTS In hyperglycemic rats, the level of fasting blood glucose, and serum level of resistin, omentin, TNF-α, and cardiomyopathy biomarkers significantly increased (P < 0.05). The treatment with CoQ10 significantly decreased the profile of adipokines and cardiomyopathy markers (cardiac enzymes and LPPLA2) in diabetic rats and also reduced glucose levels (P < 0.05). Lymphocyte percentages significantly decreased while significant increases were observed in granulocytes and MID percentages in hyperglycemic rats. CONCLUSION Diabetic rats had higher serum levels of adipokines and cardiomyopathy markers. Among the hematological markers, GRA% and MID% increased while LYM% decreased. The profile of adipokines and cardiomyopathy markers improved when CoQ10 was supplemented. The study suggests that CoQ10 may have a beneficial effect on improving diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousif Jameel Jbrael
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Badraldin Kareem Hamad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
- University of Kurdistan Hawler (UKH), School of Medicine, Erbil, Iraq
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Kumawat VS, Kaur G. Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB 2) agonists and L-arginine ameliorate diabetic nephropathy in rats by suppressing inflammation and fibrosis through NF-κβ pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:381-393. [PMID: 37450015 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a condition that leads to end-stage chronic kidney disease characterized by inflammation and a deficiency of nitric oxide (NO). Cannabinoid receptor (CB2) activation by specific agonist reduces nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ) expression. Beta caryophyllene (BCP), a natural CB2 receptor activator, protects kidney function in several diseases. L-Arginine (LA) modulates several physiological processes by donating nitric oxide (NO). Hence, we tested a novel BCP-LA combination to treat DN and investigated its molecular mechanisms. BCP, LA, and combinations of both were evaluated in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage inflammation as well as in streptozotocin (55 mg/kg)-induced diabetes in SD rats. Diabetic rats were administered 200 mg/kg of BCP, 100 mg/kg of LA, and combination of both orally for 28 days. Biochemical markers and inflammatory cytokines were assessed in plasma; also, kidney tissue was examined for renal oxidative stress injury, NF-κβ expression, and histology. After 28 days of treatment, BCP and LA combination significantly lowered plasma glucose levels than the disease control group. BCP and LA also normalized renal markers and oxidative stress of diabetic rats. Plasma and RAW macrophage cell lines showed reduced levels of IL-6 and TNF-α (P < 0.001). Histopathological evaluations revealed that BCP and LA together decreased renal fibrosis and collagen deposition also improved nephrotic indices. Meanwhile, the effect of BCP and LA together significantly reduced the NF-κβ (P < 0.01) against diabetic rats. These results indicate that the innovative regimen BCP with LA may be a therapeutic treatment for DN, as it protects kidney tissue from diabetes via NF-κβ inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek S Kumawat
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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21
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Athari SZ, Mirzaei Bavil F, Keyhanmanesh R, Lotfi H, Sajed Y, Delkhosh A, Ghiasi F. Voluntary exercise improves pulmonary inflammation through NF-κB and Nrf2 in type 2 diabetic male rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:74-80. [PMID: 38164478 PMCID: PMC10722479 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.70416.15307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effects of voluntary exercise as an anti-inflammatory intervention on the pulmonary levels of inflammatory cytokines in type 2 diabetic male rats. Materials and Methods Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=7), including control (Col), diabetic (Dia), voluntary exercise (Exe), and diabetic with voluntary exercise (Dia+Exe). Diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet (4 weeks) and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg), and animals did training on the running wheel for 10 weeks as voluntary exercise. Finally, the rats were euthanized and the lung tissues were sampled for the evaluation of the levels of pulmonary interleukin (IL)-10, IL-11, and TNF-α using ELISA, and the protein levels of Nrf-2 and NF-κB using western blotting and tissue histopathological analysis. Results Diabetes reduced the IL-10, IL-11, and Nrf2 levels (P<0.001 to P<0.01) and increased the levels of TNF-α and NF-κB compared to the Col group (P<0.001). Lung tissue levels of IL-10, IL-11, and Nrf2 in the Dia+Exe group enhanced compared to the Dia group (P<0.001 to P<0.05), however; the TNF-α and NF-κB levels decreased (P<0.001). The level of pulmonary Nrf2 in the Dia+Exe group was lower than that of the Exe group while the NF-κB level increased (P<0.001). Moreover, diabetes caused histopathological changes in lung tissue which improved with exercise in the Dia+Exe group. Conclusion These findings showed that voluntary exercise could improve diabetes-induced pulmonary complications by ameliorating inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Zanyar Athari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Mirzaei Bavil
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Keyhanmanesh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajie Lotfi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Yousef Sajed
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aref Delkhosh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Pathology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fariba Ghiasi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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22
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Xu JW, Xu X, Ling Y, Wang YC, Huang YJ, Yang JZ, Wang JY, Shen X. Vincamine as an agonist of G-protein-coupled receptor 40 effectively ameliorates diabetic peripheral neuropathy in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2388-2403. [PMID: 37580494 PMCID: PMC10692181 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes, which has yet no curable medication. Neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are tightly linked to DPN pathology. G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is predominantly expressed in pancreatic β-cells, but also in spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, regulating neuropathic pain. We previously have reported that vincamine (Vin), a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid extracted from Madagascar periwinkle, is a GPR40 agonist. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of Vin in ameliorating the DPN-like pathology in diabetic mice. Both STZ-induced type 1 (T1DM) and db/db type 2 diabetic (T2DM) mice were used to establish late-stage DPN model (DPN mice), which were administered Vin (30 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.p.) for 4 weeks. We showed that Vin administration did not lower blood glucose levels, but significantly ameliorated neurological dysfunctions in DPN mice. Vin administration improved the blood flow velocities and blood perfusion areas of foot pads and sciatic nerve tissues in DPN mice. We demonstrated that Vin administration protected against sciatic nerve myelin sheath injury and ameliorated foot skin intraepidermal nerve fiber (IENF) density impairment in DPN mice. Moreover, Vin suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation through either β-Arrestin2 or β-Arrestin2/IκBα/NF-κB signaling, improved mitochondrial dysfunction through CaMKKβ/AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling and alleviated oxidative stress through Nrf2 signaling in the sciatic nerve tissues of DPN mice and LPS/ATP-treated RSC96 cells. All the above-mentioned beneficial effects of Vin were abolished by GPR40-specific knockdown in dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerve tissues. Together, these results support that pharmacological activation of GPR40 as a promising therapeutic strategy for DPN and highlight the potential of Vin in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yan-Chun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu-Jie Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Juan-Zhen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia-Ying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xu Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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23
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Ahsan T, Shoily SS, Ahmed T, Sajib AA. Role of the redox state of the Pirin-bound cofactor on interaction with the master regulators of inflammation and other pathways. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289158. [PMID: 38033031 PMCID: PMC10688961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent cellular stress induced perpetuation and uncontrolled amplification of inflammatory response results in a shift from tissue repair toward collateral damage, significant alterations of tissue functions, and derangements of homeostasis which in turn can lead to a large number of acute and chronic pathological conditions, such as chronic heart failure, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. Keeping the vital role of balanced inflammation in maintaining tissue integrity in mind, the way to combating inflammatory diseases may be through identification and characterization of mediators of inflammation that can be targeted without hampering normal body function. Pirin (PIR) is a non-heme iron containing protein having two different conformations depending on the oxidation state of the iron. Through exploration of the Pirin interactome and using molecular docking approaches, we identified that the Fe2+-bound Pirin directly interacts with BCL3, NFKBIA, NFIX and SMAD9 with more resemblance to the native binding pose and higher affinity than the Fe3+-bound form. In addition, Pirin appears to have a function in the regulation of inflammation, the transition between the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways, and the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, Pirin signaling appears to have a critical role in tumor invasion and metastasis, as well as metabolic and neuro-pathological complications. There are regulatory variants in PIR that can influence expression of not only PIR but also other genes, including VEGFD and ACE2. Disparity exists between South Asian and European populations in the frequencies of variant alleles at some of these regulatory loci that may lead to differential occurrence of Pirin-mediated pathogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamim Ahsan
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sabrina Samad Shoily
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tasnim Ahmed
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Ashfaqur Sajib
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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24
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Rák T, Kovács-Valasek A, Pöstyéni E, Csutak A, Gábriel R. Complementary Approaches to Retinal Health Focusing on Diabetic Retinopathy. Cells 2023; 12:2699. [PMID: 38067127 PMCID: PMC10705724 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus affects carbohydrate homeostasis but also influences fat and protein metabolism. Due to ophthalmic complications, it is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The molecular pathology reveals that nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) has a central role in the progression of diabetic retinopathy, sharing this signaling pathway with another major retinal disorder, glaucoma. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches can be elaborated to decelerate the ever-emerging "epidemics" of diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma targeting this critical node. In our review, we emphasize the role of an improvement of lifestyle in its prevention as well as the use of phytomedicals associated with evidence-based protocols. A balanced personalized therapy requires an integrative approach to be more successful for prevention and early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Rák
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Rákóczi út 2., 7623 Pécs, Hungary; (T.R.)
| | - Andrea Kovács-Valasek
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Etelka Pöstyéni
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Adrienne Csutak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Rákóczi út 2., 7623 Pécs, Hungary; (T.R.)
| | - Róbert Gábriel
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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25
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Kazmi I, Al-Abbasi FA, AlGhamdi SA, Alghamdi AM, Zeyadi M, Sheikh RA, Gupta G, Sayyed N. Influence of rosiridin on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rodents through endogenous antioxidants-inflammatory cytokines pathway and molecular docking study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37982302 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2282738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The research was undertaken to assess the antidiabetic activity of rosiridin in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was elicited chemically in experimental animals using STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.). Experimental rats were arbitrarily allocated to normal control, rosiridin perse, diabetic control, and STZ + rosiridin groups. After the confirmation of diabetes, rosiridin (10 mg/kg) was given orally to the experimental animals for 30 days. Various anti-diabetic (blood glucose, insulin), hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory (Nuclear factor kappa B, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin beta (IL-1β), and IL-6), antioxidant (and malondialdehyde level, hepatic function and others markers (ALT, AST, adiponectin, and FNDC5) and histopathological indices of injury were evaluated. In addition, the rosinidin was docked into the active site of NF-Kβ (1SVC), FNDC5 (4LSD) and adiponectin (5LXG) proteins with AutoDock tools. MD simulations were carried out for the complexes of rosiridin with NF-Kβ, myokine and human adiponectin receptor 1. Rosiridin treatment restored the biochemical parameters and preserved the histopathological building of the pancreas as compared to the diabetic rats. Histopathological analysis of the pancreas confirmed that rosiridin antidiabetic efficacy in the STZ-induced diabetes mellitus model. The 5LXG_rosinidin showed favourable affinity with the best binding energies at -7.534 kcal/mol. MD simulations were carried out for the complexes of rosiridin with NF-Kβ, myokine and human adiponectin receptor 1, the complex of myokine and rosiridin exhibited the most stable complex. Rosiridin may exhibit considerable anti-diabetic activity in the STZ-induced diabetes mellitus model.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shareefa A AlGhamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M Alghamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Zeyadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryan A Sheikh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
- Center for Global Health research (CGHR), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Nadeem Sayyed
- School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
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26
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Harb A, Elbatreek MH, Elshahat A, El-Akabawy N, Barakat W, Elkomy NM. Repurposing alagebrium for diabetic foot ulcer healing: Impact on AGEs/NFκB/NOX1 signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176083. [PMID: 37769985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a common diabetic complication associated with disability and reduced quality of life. Available therapeutics are not sufficient to combat the spread of DFU. Here we aim to investigate the impact of alagebrium, an advanced glycation end product (AGE)-crosslink breaker, on the healing of DFU. METHODS Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by STZ, and after four weeks, wound was induced on the foot. Alagebrium (10 mg/kg) was administered orally for 14 days, and wound size was measured every 3 days. Behavioral tests i.e., hot plate and footprint tests, were performed to assess sensory function and gait. Blood was collected to assess HbA1c, serum AGEs, MDA and NOX1. Tissue was collected to assess histological changes and expression of NF-κB, iNOS, TNF-α, VEGF and EGF. In a subsequent set of experiments with similar design, alagebrium was applied topically as a film-forming gel. RESULTS Systemic alagebrium treatment accelerated the healing of diabetic wound, improved sensory functions and gait, and ameliorated histological changes. It also reduced serum levels of AGEs, MDA and NOX1, and the tissue expression of NF-κB, iNOS, TNF-α, and increased VEGF and EGF in diabetic rats. Topical alagebrium led to similar beneficial effects i.e., accelerated diabetic wound healing, improved wound histological changes, reduced expression of NF-κB and iNOS and increased VEGF. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest repurposing of alagebrium for the management of DFU to accelerate the healing process and improve the clinical outcomes in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Harb
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H Elbatreek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Elshahat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nadia El-Akabawy
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Waleed Barakat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nesreen Mim Elkomy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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27
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Sawangwong P, Tungsukruthai S, Nootim P, Sriyakul K, Phetkate P, Pawa KK, Tungsukruthai P. The Effects of 12-Week Traditional Thai Exercise (Ruesi Dadton) on Glycemic Control and Inflammatory Markers in Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2166. [PMID: 38004306 PMCID: PMC10672481 DOI: 10.3390/life13112166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia and inflammation are hallmarks of the prediabetes stage, which has the potential to develop into diabetes mellitus. In this stage, lifestyle changes and exercise are recommended and have been shown to be effective. However, there has been insufficient study investigating the impact of Ruesi Dadton (RD) exercise on prediabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of RD exercise on biomarkers of glycemic level including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), the 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), the biomarkers of inflammation C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and body mass index (BMI) on prediabetes during 12-week RD exercise. A total of 64 participants were randomly assigned into two groups, RD and control (CON), and were tested by measuring their glycemic levels to screen for prediabetes. The RD group was instructed to perform 10 postures of RD exercise in 60 min, three times a week. The CON group received standard lifestyle recommendations that were not pharmacologically managed. The results reveal that the RD group experienced a significant decrease in FPG, OGTT, HbA1C, and IL-6 (p < 0.01), and BMI and CRP (p < 0.05) compared to the CON group. In addition, the CON group had considerably higher glycemic levels, BMI and IL-6 levels (p < 0.01). Our study demonstrates that RD could decrease the biomarkers of glycemic level and inflammation during 12 weeks of RD exercise in prediabetes. These findings suggest that RD exercise is an effective approach for reducing systemic inflammation and controlling glycemic levels in prediabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornchai Sawangwong
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (P.S.); (K.S.); (P.P.); (K.K.P.)
| | - Sucharat Tungsukruthai
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand;
| | - Preecha Nootim
- Department of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand;
| | - Kusuma Sriyakul
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (P.S.); (K.S.); (P.P.); (K.K.P.)
| | - Pratya Phetkate
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (P.S.); (K.S.); (P.P.); (K.K.P.)
| | - Kammal Kumar Pawa
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (P.S.); (K.S.); (P.P.); (K.K.P.)
| | - Parunkul Tungsukruthai
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (P.S.); (K.S.); (P.P.); (K.K.P.)
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28
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Mohammed AQ, Abdu FA, Liu L, Yin G, Mareai RM, Mohammed AA, Xu Y, Che W. Coronary microvascular dysfunction and myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries: Where do we stand? Eur J Intern Med 2023; 117:8-20. [PMID: 37482469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, scientific and clinical research has provided a translational perspective on myocardial infarction (MI) with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). MINOCA is characterized by clinical documentation of an acute MI but angiography shows no significant coronary artery obstruction (stenosis <50%). The prevalence of MINOCA is estimated to range from approximately 6 to 10% among MI patients, and those with this condition have a poor prognosis, experiencing high rates of mortality, rehospitalization, and socioeconomic burden. MINOCA represents a major unmet need in cardiovascular medicine, with uncertain clinical management. It is a complex condition that can be caused by various factors, including atherosclerosis, plaque rupture, coronary vasospasm, and microvascular dysfunction. Effective management of MINOCA depends on identifying the underlying mechanism of the infarction, thus a systematic diagnostic approach is recommended. Contemporary data shows that a significant number of patients exhibit structural and functional abnormalities in coronary microcirculation, which is referred to as coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). CMD plays a crucial role in patients with signs and symptoms of myocardial ischemia and non-obstructive coronary artery stenosis, including MINOCA. Furthermore, conducting a thorough evaluation of coronary function can have significant prognostic and therapeutic implications, since personalized patient management strategies based on this assessment have been shown to improve symptoms and prognosis. Therefore, an accurate and timely diagnosis of CMD is essential for effective patient management, which can be achieved through various invasive and non-invasive methods. This review will discuss the pathophysiological understanding, current diagnostic techniques, and management strategies of patients with MINOCA and CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Quddus Mohammed
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuad A Abdu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Redhwan M Mareai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ayman A Mohammed
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenliang Che
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China.
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29
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Liu F, Chen H, Cao C, Liang Y, Zhou Y. The role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their therapeutic applications in glomerulonephritis. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:2845-2856. [PMID: 37060433 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important features of innate immunity is the presence of a special group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) called toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), resulting in a quick and effective immune response to them. Glomerulonephritis (GN) is one of the most important categories of renal disorders characterized by destructive responses of the immune system to the glomerulus. To date, the association of TLRs as important innate immune system members with GN has been one of the topics that attracted the attention of researchers in this field. However, the exact role of these receptors in the immunopathogenesis of GN has not yet been fully discussed. Therefore, this study aims to overview the role of TLRs in GN and the possibility of using them as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Liu
- Hemodialysis Room, Nanchang First Hospital, No. 128, Xiangshan North Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Hemodialysis Room, Nanchang First Hospital, No. 128, Xiangshan North Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Caixia Cao
- Hemodialysis Room, Nanchang First Hospital, No. 128, Xiangshan North Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanlin Liang
- Hemodialysis Room, Nanchang First Hospital, No. 128, Xiangshan North Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Hemodialysis Room, Nanchang First Hospital, No. 128, Xiangshan North Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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Habiba E, Ali S, Ghanem Y, Sharaki O, Hewedy W. Effect of oral versus parenteral vitamin D3 supplementation on nuclear factor-κB and platelet aggregation in type 2 diabetic patients. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 101:610-619. [PMID: 37721213 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Platelet hyperactivity is one of the key factors implicated in the development and progression of diabetic vascular complications. Activated platelets mediate leukocyte recruitment that further enhances inflammatory responses in vascular wall ultimately resulting in atherosclerotic complications. Since vitamin D insufficiency is highly prevalent in diabetics, we aimed to evaluate the effect of three dosage forms of vitamin D supplementation on lipid profile, NF-κB, platelet aggregation, and platelet calcium content in type 2 diabetic patients. Type 2 diabetic patients were randomized to receive daily (4000 IU/day) or weekly (50 000 IU/week) oral vitamin D3 for 3 months. Another group received a single parenteral dose (300 000 IU) of vitamin D3, whereas the control group received their antidiabetic drug(s) alone. Serum 25(OH)D, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, NF-κB, and platelet aggregation were measured at the beginning and 3 months after vitamin D supplementation. Platelet calcium content was evaluated by measuring the fluorescence intensity of Rhod-2-stained platelets by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Results showed that serum 25(OH)D3 levels significantly increased in all vitamin D3-treated groups. However, the mean level for parenteral treated group was significantly lower than oral-treated groups. Oral and parenteral treatment were also able to decrease NF-κB level, platelet aggregation, and platelet calcium content. However, both oral doses of vitamin D3 were superior to the single parenteral dose. In conclusion, restoring normal levels of vitamin D is an important determinant to maintain normal platelet function and reduce inflammation. Nevertheless, further long-term studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Habiba
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samia Ali
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yehia Ghanem
- Internal medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ola Sharaki
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Hewedy
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Oezer K, Kolibabka M, Gassenhuber J, Dietrich N, Fleming T, Schlotterer A, Morcos M, Wohlfart P, Hammes HP. The effect of GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide on experimental diabetic retinopathy. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:1551-1565. [PMID: 37423944 PMCID: PMC10520173 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are effective treatments for type 2 diabetes, effectively lowering glucose without weight gain and with low risk for hypoglycemia. However, their influence on the retinal neurovascular unit remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the effects of the GLP-1 RA lixisenatide on diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Vasculo- and neuroprotective effects were assessed in experimental diabetic retinopathy and high glucose-cultivated C. elegans, respectively. In STZ-diabetic Wistar rats, acellular capillaries and pericytes (quantitative retinal morphometry), neuroretinal function (mfERG), macroglia (GFAP western blot) and microglia (immunohistochemistry) quantification, methylglyoxal (LC-MS/MS) and retinal gene expressions (RNA-sequencing) were determined. The antioxidant properties of lixisenatide were tested in C. elegans. RESULTS Lixisenatide had no effect on glucose metabolism. Lixisenatide preserved the retinal vasculature and neuroretinal function. The macro- and microglial activation was mitigated. Lixisenatide normalized some gene expression changes in diabetic animals to control levels. Ets2 was identified as a regulator of inflammatory genes. In C. elegans, lixisenatide showed the antioxidative property. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that lixisenatide has a protective effect on the diabetic retina, most likely due to a combination of neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of lixisenatide on the neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuebra Oezer
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Matthias Kolibabka
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Nadine Dietrich
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schlotterer
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Morcos
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Stoffwechselzentrum Rhein-Pfalz, Belchenstraße 1-5, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Paulus Wohlfart
- Sanofi, MSAT M&I Bioassays and Compliance, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Abu-Khudir R, Badr GM, Abd El-Moaty HI, Hamad RS, Al Abdulsalam NK, Abdelrahem ASA, Alqarni S, Alkuwayti MA, Salam SA, Abd El-Kareem HF. Garden Cress Seed Oil Abrogates Testicular Oxidative Injury and NF-kB-Mediated Inflammation in Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15478. [PMID: 37895159 PMCID: PMC10607464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder associated with various complications encompassing male reproductive dysfunction. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of biologically active Lepidium sativum seed oil (LSO) against the testicular dysfunction associated with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Male adults (n = 24) were divided into four groups: control, LSO-administered, diabetic (D), and LSO-treated diabetic (D+LSO) groups. LSO was extracted from L. sativum seeds, and its chemical composition was determined using GC-MS. Serum testosterone levels, testicular enzymatic antioxidants (catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)), an oxidative stress (OS) biomarker, malondialdehyde (MDA), pro-inflammatory markers (NF-kB, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α), and the expression level of NF-kB were assessed. In addition, histopathological changes were evaluated in testicular tissues. The results obtained showed that the chemical composition of LSO indicated its enrichment mainly with γ-tocopherol (62.1%), followed by 2-methylhexacosane (8.12%), butylated hydroxytoluene (8.04%), 10-Methylnonadecane (4.81%), and δ-tocopherol (3.91%). Moreover, LSO administration in the D+LSO mice significantly increased testosterone levels and ameliorated the observed testicular oxidative damage, inflammatory response, and reduced NF-kB expression compared to the diabetic mice. Biochemical and molecular analyses confirmed the histological results. In conclusion, LSO may prevent the progression of diabetes-induced impairment in the testes through inhibition of the OS- and NF-kB-mediated inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abu-Khudir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Gehan M. Badr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (G.M.B.); (H.F.A.E.-K.)
| | - Heba Ibrahim Abd El-Moaty
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (H.I.A.E.-M.); (R.S.H.); (N.K.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Desert Research Center El-Mataria, Cairo 11753, Egypt
| | - Rabab S. Hamad
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (H.I.A.E.-M.); (R.S.H.); (N.K.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
- Central Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Najla K. Al Abdulsalam
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (H.I.A.E.-M.); (R.S.H.); (N.K.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Aml Sayed Ali Abdelrahem
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saleha Alqarni
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Science King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mayyadah Abdullah Alkuwayti
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (H.I.A.E.-M.); (R.S.H.); (N.K.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Sherine Abdel Salam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt;
| | - Hanaa F. Abd El-Kareem
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (G.M.B.); (H.F.A.E.-K.)
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Arabshomali A, Bazzazzadehgan S, Mahdi F, Shariat-Madar Z. Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Phytochemicals in Type 2 Diabetes. Molecules 2023; 28:7209. [PMID: 37894687 PMCID: PMC10609456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical relationship between diabetes and inflammation is well established. Evidence clearly indicates that disrupting oxidant-antioxidant equilibrium and elevated lipid peroxidation could be a potential mechanism for chronic kidney disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Under diabetic conditions, hyperglycemia, especially inflammation, and increased reactive oxygen species generation are bidirectionally associated. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue damage are believed to play a role in the development of diabetes. Although the exact mechanism underlying oxidative stress and its impact on diabetes progression remains uncertain, the hyperglycemia-inflammation-oxidative stress interaction clearly plays a significant role in the onset and progression of vascular disease, kidney disease, hepatic injury, and pancreas damage and, therefore, holds promise as a therapeutic target. Evidence strongly indicates that the use of multiple antidiabetic medications fails to achieve the normal range for glycated hemoglobin targets, signifying treatment-resistant diabetes. Antioxidants with polyphenols are considered useful as adjuvant therapy for their potential anti-inflammatory effect and antioxidant activity. We aimed to analyze the current major points reported in preclinical, in vivo, and clinical studies of antioxidants in the prevention or treatment of inflammation in T2DM. Then, we will share our speculative vision for future diabetes clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Arabshomali
- Department of Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (A.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Shadi Bazzazzadehgan
- Department of Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (A.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Fakhri Mahdi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Zia Shariat-Madar
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
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Chen S, Zhou K, Shang H, Du M, Wu L, Chen Y. Effects of concurrent aerobic and resistance training on vascular health in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1216962. [PMID: 37780628 PMCID: PMC10534066 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1216962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the impacts of concurrent aerobic and resistance training on vascular structure (IMT) and function (PWV, FMD, NMD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods The electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched for articles on "type 2 diabetes" and "concurrent training" published from inception to August 2, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of concurrent training versus passive controls on IMT, PWV, FMD and NMD in T2D. Results Ten studies were eligible, including a total of 361 participants. For IMT, concurrent training showed a slight decrease by 0.05 mm (95% CI -0.11 to 0.01, p > 0.05). concurrent training induced an overall significant improvement in FMD by 1.47% (95% CI 0.15 to 2.79, p < 0.05) and PWV by 0.66 m/s (95% CI -0.89 to -0.43, p < 0.01) in type 2 diabetics. However, concurrent training seemed to exaggerate the impaired NMD (WMD = -2.30%, 95% CI -4.02 to -0.58, p < 0.05). Conclusions Concurrent training is an effective method to improve endothelial function and artery stiffness in T2D. However, within 24 weeks concurrent training exacerbates vascular smooth muscle dysfunction. More research is needed to explore whether longer and/or higher-intensity concurrent training interventions could enhance the vascular structure and smooth muscle function in this population. Systematic review registration www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022350604.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengju Chen
- School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- Sports Health College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huayu Shang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyang Du
- College of Physical Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linfeng Wu
- College of Physical Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Physical Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Yin Y, Xu R, Ning L, Yu Z. Bergenin alleviates Diabetic Retinopathy in STZ-induced rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5299-5311. [PMID: 35622274 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the key cause of blindness and visual impairment in diabetes patients around the world. The high levels of oxidative stress in diabetes patients cause diabetic retinopathy. In addition to being an antioxidant, Bergenin also works as an immunosuppressant, an anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic against hepatocarcinoma. This study examined the effects of Bergenin on diabetic retinopathy rats, using Streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally to induce diabetes in rats. The animals were divided into four groups (n = 6), including a normal control (Group I), diabetic control (Group II), Bergenin (25 mg/kg) (Group III), and metformin (350 mg/kg) (Group IV). As previously mentioned, each animal received treatment for 60 days. To induce DR, rats were administered STZ (60 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 60 days. Standard methods were utilized to measure the body weight of rats, blood glucose levels. We measured lipid profiles (Triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, and HDL), inflammatory markers, and antioxidant levels with their respective kits. Analysis of retinal tissue morphometry and MMP-9, VEGF, and MCP-1 levels in serum was performed. Our research examined the expression levels of target genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) using RT-PCR analysis. STZ-induced animals that were treated with Bergenin had less food intake, lower blood glucose, and improved body weight. Bergenin significantly suppressed levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, cholesterol, TG, LDL, AI, MMP-9, VEGF, and MCP-1 and increased the level of HDL and antioxidant enzymes in STZ-induced DR rats. As well as increasing antioxidant levels, reducing retinal thickness, and increasing cell numbers, Bergenin also lessened DR remarkably. The results of this study demonstrated that Bergenin effectively inhibited STZ-induced DR in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yin
- Department of Medical insurance, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Shandong Province, Jinan City, 250013, China
| | - Ruyi Xu
- Department of Medical insurance, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Shandong Province, Jinan City, 250013, China
| | - Lei Ning
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Shandong Province, Jinan City, 250013, China
| | - Zhimin Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Shandong Province, Jinan City, 250013, China.
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Khatoon F, Ali S, Kumar V, Elasbali AM, Alhassan HH, Alharethi SH, Islam A, Hassan MI. Pharmacological features, health benefits and clinical implications of honokiol. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7511-7533. [PMID: 36093963 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2120541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Honokiol (HNK) is a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from the bark and leaves of Magnolia grandiflora. It has been traditionally used as a medicinal compound to treat inflammatory diseases. HNK possesses numerous health benefits with a minimal level of toxicity. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid, thus having significant bioavailability in the neurological tissues. HNK is a promising bioactive compound possesses neuroprotective, antimicrobial, anti-tumorigenic, anti-spasmodic, antidepressant, analgesic, and antithrombotic features . HNK can prevent the growth of several cancer types and haematological malignancies. Recent studies suggested its role in COVID-19 therapy. It binds effectively with several molecular targets, including apoptotic factors, chemokines, transcription factors, cell surface adhesion molecules, and kinases. HNK has excellent pharmacological features and a wide range of chemotherapeutic effects, and thus, researchers have increased interest in improving the therapeutic implications of HNK to the clinic as a novel agent. This review focused on the therapeutic implications of HNK, highlighting clinical and pharmacological features and the underlying mechanism of action.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Khatoon
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Sabeeha Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan H Alhassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Hussain Alharethi
- Department of Biological Science, College of Arts and Science, Najran University, Najran, Saudia Arabia
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Ahmed F, Kahlon T, Mohamed TMA, Ghafghazi S, Settles D. Literature Review: Pathophysiology of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101745. [PMID: 37087081 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is a growing public health concern, a disease with poor health outcomes, and is showing increased prevalence globally. This review paper explores the literature with a focus on the pathophysiology and microbiology of preserved ejection fraction heart failure while drawing connections between preserved and reduced ejection fraction states. The discussion teases out the cellular level changes that affect the overall dysfunction of the cardiac tissue, including the clinical manifestations, microbiological changes (endothelial cells, fibroblasts, cardiomyocytes, and excitation-contraction coupling), and the burden of structural diastolic dysfunction. The goal of this review is to summarize the pathophysiological disease state of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction to enhance understanding, knowledge, current treatment models of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Ahmed
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
| | - Tani Kahlon
- Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tamer M A Mohamed
- Department of Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shahab Ghafghazi
- Department of Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Dana Settles
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Su X, Guo H, Zhou Y, Cao A, Shen Q, Zhu B, Yao X, Wang Y, Wang H, Wang L. Astragaloside IV attenuates high glucose-induced NF-κB-mediated inflammation through activation of PI3K/AKT-ERK-dependent Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in glomerular mesangial cells. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4133-4148. [PMID: 37189016 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a key contributor to diabetic kidney disease pathogenesis, including reactive oxidation stress (ROS)-mediated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In this study, we examined the effect of Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) on anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties under high glucose (HG) condition and the potential mechanism in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs). We showed that AS-IV concentration-dependently reduced GMCs proliferation, restrained ROS release and hydrogen peroxide content, and suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as pro-fibrotic factors expression, which were associated with the inhibition of NF-κB and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling activation. Accordingly, both NF-κB overexpression by using RNA plasmid and Nrf2 gene silencing by using RNA interference weakened the ability of AS-IV to ameliorate HG-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell proliferation. Furthermore, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt) and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling pathway regulated the process of AS-IV-induced Nrf2 activation and antioxidant capacity, which evidenced by using PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or ERK inhibitor PD98059 that largely abolished the AS-IV efficacy. Taken together, these results indicated that AS-IV protected against HG-induced GMCs damage by inhibiting ROS/NF-kB-induced increases of inflammatory cytokines, fibrosis biomarkers, and cell proliferation via up-regulation of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzyme expression, which were mediated by PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Su
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengjiang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aili Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingbing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingmei Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunman Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Goycheva P, Petkova-Parlapanska K, Georgieva E, Karamalakova Y, Nikolova G. Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus with Diabetic Nephropathy Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13541. [PMID: 37686346 PMCID: PMC10488183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate and compare biomarkers of oxidative stress and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the plasma of patients with different stages of diabetic nephropathy. For this purpose, we studied (1) the levels of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species as oxidative stress parameters, (2) lipid and protein oxidation, (3) the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and (4) cytokine production. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into three groups according to the loss of renal function: patients with compensated diabetes mellitus with normal renal function DMT2N0 measured as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, a group with decompensated diabetes mellitus with complication diabetic nephropathy and mild-to-moderate loss of renal function DMT2N1 (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2: 59-45 mL/min/1.73 m2), and a decompensated diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy group with moderate-to-severe loss of renal function DMT2N2 (eGFR > 30 mL/min/1.73 m2: 30-44 mL/min/1.73 m2). All results were compared with healthy volunteers. The results showed that patients with diabetic nephropathy had significantly higher levels of ROS, cytokine production, and end products of lipid and protein oxidation compared to healthy volunteers. Furthermore, patients with diabetic nephropathy had depleted levels of nitric oxide (NO), an impaired NO synthase (NOS) system, and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that patients with impaired renal function are unable to compensate for oxidative stress. The decreased levels of NO radicals in patients with advanced renal complications may be attributed to damage NO availability in plasma. The study highlights the compromised oxidative status as a contributing factor to impaired renal function in patients with decompensated type 2 diabetes mellitus. The findings of this study have implications for understanding the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and the role of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in its development. The assessment of oxidative stress levels and inflammatory biomarkers may aid in the early detection and prediction of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petya Goycheva
- Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases Department, Medical Faculty, Trakia University Hospital, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
| | - Kamelia Petkova-Parlapanska
- Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (K.P.-P.); (E.G.)
| | - Ekaterina Georgieva
- Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (K.P.-P.); (E.G.)
- Department of “General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine, Deontology and Dermatovenerology”, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Yanka Karamalakova
- Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (K.P.-P.); (E.G.)
| | - Galina Nikolova
- Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (K.P.-P.); (E.G.)
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Mamdouh Hashiesh H, Sheikh A, Meeran MFN, Saraswathiamma D, Jha NK, Sadek B, Adeghate E, Tariq S, Al Marzooqi S, Ojha S. β-Caryophyllene, a Dietary Phytocannabinoid, Alleviates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Mice by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Activating Cannabinoid Type-2 Receptors. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1129-1142. [PMID: 37588762 PMCID: PMC10425997 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its associated complications are considered one of the major health risks globally. Among numerous complications, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by increased accumulation of lipids and reduced glucose utilization following abnormal lipid metabolism in the myocardium along with oxidative stress, myocardial fibrosis, and inflammation that eventually result in cardiac dysfunction. The abnormal metabolism of lipids plays a fundamental role in cardiac lipotoxicity following the occurrence and development of DCM. Recently, it has been revealed that cannabinoid type-2 (CB2) receptors, an essential component of the endocannabinoid system, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of obesity, hyperlipidemia, and DM. Provided the role of CB2R in regulating the glucolipid metabolic dysfunction and its antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory activities, we carried out the current study to investigate the protective effects of a selective CB2R agonist, β-caryophyllene (BCP), a natural dietary cannabinoid in the murine model of DCM and elucidated the underlying pharmacological and molecular mechanisms. Mice were fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg) to induce the model of DCM. BCP (50 mg/kg body weight) was given orally for 12 weeks. AM630, a CB2R antagonist, was given 30 min before BCP treatment to demonstrate the CB2R-dependent mechanism of BCP. DCM mice exhibited hyperglycemia, increased serum lactate dehydrogenase, impaired cardiac function, and hypertrophy. In addition, DCM mice showed alternations in serum lipids and increased oxidative stress concomitant to reduced antioxidant defenses and enhanced cardiac lipid accumulation in the diabetic heart. DCM mice also exhibited activation of TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling and triggered the production of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory enzyme mediators. However, treatment with BCP exerted remarkable protective effects by favorable modulation of the biochemical and molecular parameters, which were altered in DCM mice. Interestingly, pretreatment with AM630 abrogated the protective effects of BCP in DCM mice. Taken together, the findings of the present study demonstrate that BCP possesses the capability to mitigate the progression of DCM by inhibition of lipotoxicity-mediated cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation and favorable modulation of TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways mediating the CB2R-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebaallah Mamdouh Hashiesh
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College
of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box: 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Azimullah Sheikh
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College
of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box: 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College
of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box: 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dhanya Saraswathiamma
- Department
of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health
Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box: 15551, Al Ain, United
Arab Emirates
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department
of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College
of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box: 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Department
of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health
Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box: 15551, Al Ain, United
Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Tariq
- Department
of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health
Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box: 15551, Al Ain, United
Arab Emirates
| | - Saeeda Al Marzooqi
- Department
of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health
Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box: 15551, Al Ain, United
Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College
of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box: 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin
Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College
of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box: 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Mi X, Zhang Z, Cheng J, Xu Z, Zhu K, Ren Y. Cardioprotective effects of Schisantherin A against isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction through amelioration of oxidative stress and inflammation via modulation of PI3K-AKT/Nrf2/ARE and TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB pathways in rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:277. [PMID: 37542250 PMCID: PMC10401759 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The scientific community is concerned about cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity, especially myocardial infarction (MI). Schisantherin A (SCA), a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan monomer found in S. chinensis fruits has cardiovascular advantages such as increasing NO production in isolated rat thoracic aorta and reducing heart damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) through decreasing apoptosis. The present study was undertaken to explore the potential effects of SCA on ISO-induced myocardial infarction in rats. METHODS Rats were randomly allocated to four groups: control; ISO-treated, and two additional groups of ISO + SCA (5 or 10 mg/kg body weight). All SCA-treated groups were administered with SCA for 20 days and all ISO groups were challenged with ISO on days 19 and 20. RESULTS SCA significantly attenuated ISO-induced rise in heart/body weight ratio, myocardial infarct size, and cardiac functional biomarkers (CK-MB, cTnI and BNP). SCA pre- and co-treatment resulted in a significant reduction in oxidative stress (via MDA, NO and GSH and increased activities of SOD, CAT and GPx) and inflammation (via decreased levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) markers when compared to the same levels in cardiac tissue of ISO-treated rats. This study also showed that SCA protects ISO-induced oxidative stress and inflammation by activating the PI3K-AKT/Nrf2/ARE pathway and suppressing TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB pathways. Furthermore, SCA treatment protected histopathological alterations observed in only ISO-treated cardiac transverse sections of rats. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that SCA protects against cardiac injury in the ISO-induced MI model of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Mi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jinfang Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kaiyi Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yunxia Ren
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Sunilkumar S, VanCleave AM, McCurry CM, Toro AL, Stevens SA, Kimball SR, Dennis MD. REDD1-dependent GSK3β dephosphorylation promotes NF-κB activation and macrophage infiltration in the retina of diabetic mice. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104991. [PMID: 37392853 PMCID: PMC10407432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports a role for inflammation in the early development and progression of retinal complications caused by diabetes. We recently demonstrated that the stress response protein regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) promotes diabetes-induced retinal inflammation by sustaining canonical activation of nuclear transcription factor, NF-κB. The studies here were designed to identify signaling events whereby REDD1 promotes NF-κB activation in the retina of diabetic mice. We observed increased REDD1 expression in the retina of mice after 16 weeks of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes and found that REDD1 was essential for diabetes to suppress inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) at S9. In human retinal MIO-M1 Müller cell cultures, REDD1 deletion prevented dephosphorylation of GSK3β and increased NF-κB activation in response to hyperglycemic conditions. Expression of a constitutively active GSK3β variant restored NF-κB activation in cells deficient for REDD1. In cells exposed to hyperglycemic conditions, GSK3β knockdown inhibited NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression by preventing inhibitor of κB kinase complex autophosphorylation and inhibitor of κB degradation. In both the retina of STZ-diabetic mice and in Müller cells exposed to hyperglycemic conditions, GSK3 inhibition reduced NF-κB activity and prevented an increase in proinflammatory cytokine expression. In contrast with STZ-diabetic mice receiving a vehicle control, macrophage infiltration was not observed in the retina of STZ-diabetic mice treated with GSK3 inhibitor. Collectively, the findings support a model wherein diabetes enhances REDD1-dependent activation of GSK3β to promote canonical NF-κB signaling and the development of retinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Sunilkumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashley M VanCleave
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher M McCurry
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allyson L Toro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shaunaci A Stevens
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scot R Kimball
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael D Dennis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
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David L, Morosan V, Moldovan B, Filip GA, Baldea I. Goji-Berry-Mediated Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Their Promising Effect on Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Experimental Hyperglycemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1489. [PMID: 37627484 PMCID: PMC10451488 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present report focuses on a rapid and convenient method applicable in the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using goji berry (Lycium barbarum-LB) extracts rich in antioxidant compounds, as well as on the structural analysis and evaluation of the induced antioxidant protection and anti-inflammatory effects of the synthesized gold nanoparticles upon endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to hyperglycemia. The synthesized AuNPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), whereas the presence of bioactive compounds from the L. barbarum fruit extract on the surface of the nanoparticles was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antioxidant activity of the biosynthesized gold nanoparticles was evaluated on the HUVEC cell line. The results reveal that AuNPs with a predominantly spherical shape and an average size of 30 nm were obtained. The UV-Vis spectrum showed a characteristic absorption band at λmax = 536 nm of AuNPs. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids and carotenoids acting as capping and stabilizing agents of AuNPs. Both the L. barbarum extract and AuNPs were well tolerated by HUVECs, increased the antioxidant defense and decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines induced via hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita David
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, “Babeş-Bolyai” University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.D.); (V.M.)
| | - Valentina Morosan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, “Babeş-Bolyai” University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.D.); (V.M.)
| | - Bianca Moldovan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, “Babeş-Bolyai” University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.D.); (V.M.)
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of Physiology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.A.F.); (I.B.)
| | - Ioana Baldea
- Department of Physiology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.A.F.); (I.B.)
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Hoorzad P, Mousavinasab F, Tofigh P, Kalahroud EM, Aghaei-Zarch SM, Salehi A, Fattahi M, Le BN. Understanding the lncRNA/miRNA-NFκB regulatory network in Diabetes Mellitus: From function to clinical translation. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023:110804. [PMID: 37369279 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its significant ramifications make out one of the primary reasons behind morbidity worldwide. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, are involved in regulating manifold biological processes, including diabetes initiation and progression. One of the established pathways attributed to DM development is NF-κB signaling. Neurons, β cells, adipocytes, and hepatocytes are among the metabolic tissues where NF-κB is known to produce a range of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. The direct or indirect role of ncRNAs such as lncRNAs and miRNAs on the NF-κB signaling pathway and DM development has been supported by many studies. As a result, effective diabetes treatment and preventive methods will benefit from a comprehensive examination of the interplay between NF-κB and ncRNAs. Herein, we provide a concise overview of the role of NF-κB-mediated signaling pathways in diabetes mellitus and its consequences. The reciprocal regulation of ncRNAs and the NF-κB signaling pathway in diabetes is then discussed, shedding light on the pathogenesis of the illness and its possible therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Hoorzad
- Department of Molecular and cellular biology, Faculty of basic sciences and Advanced technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Pouya Tofigh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mohsen Aghaei-Zarch
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salehi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculity of New Science and technology, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Fattahi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; School of engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.
| | - Binh Nguyen Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; School of engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
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Guo Y, Li L, Hu S. Circulating Galectin-3 levels and Diabetic Nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:163. [PMID: 37291488 PMCID: PMC10249253 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Changes of serum galectin-3 (Gal-3) is associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, current literature indicates that the given results remain debatable and inconsistent. Hence, the aim of this present meta-analysis was to focus on the predictive role of serum Gal-3 in patients with DN. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies that reported the relationship between Gal-3 levels and DN risk, from the inception of each database to March, 2023. The literature we selected for inclusion based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The standard mean difference (SMD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to investigate the association. When I2 value exceeding 50%, we will consider it has the presence of a higher level of heterogeneity. A sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were performed to seek the potential sources of heterogeneity. The quality assessment was performed using according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). The data analysis was conducted using STATA version 13.0 software. RESULTS We ultimately enrolled 9 studies enrolling a total of 3137 patients in the final analysis. The SMD of serum Gal-3 was higher in patients with DN group (SMD 1.10 ng/mL [0.63, 1.57]; I2: 96.1%). Upon removal of a study in sensitivity analysis, patients with DN had higher serum Gal-3 levels compared to control patients (SMD 1.03 ng/mL [0.52, 1.54], I2: 94.4%). Further subgroup analysis was performed based on the region. No matter in Asia, Europe or Africa, the serum Gal-3 level of DN patients is significantly higher than that of the control population (SMD: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.87 for Asian; SMD: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.48 to 1.10 for Europe; SMD: 3.15; 95% CI: 2.73 to 3.56 for Africa). CONCLUSION In conclusion, these results suggested that higher serum Gal-3 may increase the risk of DN. More fundamental studies are necessary to clarify the exact physiopathological basis mechanisms of Gal-3 effects. In addition, further research, especially emphasis on the cut-off value should be given, and is best to predict their actual importance as well as the diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Department of Organ Procurement Organization, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanbiao Hu
- Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Adetunji JA, Fasae KD, Awe AI, Paimo OK, Adegoke AM, Akintunde JK, Sekhoacha MP. The protective roles of citrus flavonoids, naringenin, and naringin on endothelial cell dysfunction in diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17166. [PMID: 37484296 PMCID: PMC10361329 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cells (ECs) make up the inner lining of blood vessels, acting as a barrier separating the blood and the tissues in several organs. ECs maintain endothelium integrity by controlling the constriction and relaxation of the vasculature, blood fluidity, adhesion, and migration. These actions of ECs are efficiently coordinated via an intricate signaling network connecting receptors, and a wide range of cellular macromolecules. ECs are naturally quiescent i.e.; they are not stimulated and do not proliferate. Upon infection or disease, ECs become activated, and this alteration is pivotal in the pathogenesis of a spectrum of human neurological, cardiovascular, diabetic, cancerous, and viral diseases. Considering the central position that ECs play in disease pathogenesis, therapeutic options have been targeted at improving ECs integrity, assembly, functioning, and health. The dietary intake of flavonoids present in citrus fruits has been associated with a reduced risk of endothelium dysfunction. Naringenin (NGN) and Naringin (NAR), major flavonoids in grapefruit, tomatoes, and oranges possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, and cell survival potentials, which improve the health of the vascular endothelium. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary and present the advances in understanding of the mechanisms through which NGN and NAR modulate the biomarkers of vascular dysfunction and protect the endothelium against unresolved inflammation, oxidative stress, atherosclerosis, and angiogenesis. We also provide perspectives and suggest further studies that will help assess the efficacy of citrus flavonoids in the therapeutics of human vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy A. Adetunji
- Nutritional and Industrial Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde D. Fasae
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Ayobami I. Awe
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington DC, USA
| | - Oluwatomiwa K. Paimo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji M. Adegoke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200005, Nigeria
| | - Jacob K. Akintunde
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Mamello P. Sekhoacha
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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Corremans R, Vervaet BA, Dams G, D'Haese PC, Verhulst A. Metformin and Canagliflozin Are Equally Renoprotective in Diabetic Kidney Disease but Have No Synergistic Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109043. [PMID: 37240387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is a major microvascular complication for diabetic patients and is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease. Antidiabetic drugs, such as metformin and canagliflozin, have been shown to exert renoprotective effects. Additionally, quercetin recently showed promising results for the treatment of DKD. However, the molecular pathways through which these drugs exert their renoprotective effects remain partly unknown. The current study compares the renoprotective potential of metformin, canagliflozin, metformin + canagliflozin, and quercetin in a preclinical rat model of DKD. By combining streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NAD) with daily oral N(ω)-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) administration, DKD was induced in male Wistar Rats. After two weeks, rats were assigned to five treatment groups, receiving vehicle, metformin, canagliflozin, metformin + canagliflozin, or quercetin for a period of 12 weeks by daily oral gavage. Non-diabetic vehicle-treated control rats were also included in this study. All rats in which diabetes was induced developed hyperglycemia, hyperfiltration, proteinuria, hypertension, renal tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis, confirming DKD. Metformin and canagliflozin, alone or together, exerted similar renoprotective actions and similar reductions in tubular injury and collagen accumulation. Renoprotective actions of canagliflozin correlated with reduced hyperglycemia, while metformin was able to exert these effects even in the absence of proper glycemic control. Gene expression revealed that the renoprotective pathways may be traced back to the NF-κB pathway. No protective effect was seen with quercetin. In this experimental model of DKD, metformin and canagliflozin were able to protect the kidney against DKD progression, albeit in a non-synergistic way. These renoprotective effects may be attributable to the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Corremans
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benjamin A Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert Dams
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick C D'Haese
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anja Verhulst
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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48
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Minjares M, Wu W, Wang JM. Oxidative Stress and MicroRNAs in Endothelial Cells under Metabolic Disorders. Cells 2023; 12:1341. [PMID: 37174741 PMCID: PMC10177439 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are radical oxygen intermediates that serve as important second messengers in signal transduction. However, when the accumulation of these molecules exceeds the buffering capacity of antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress and endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction occur. EC dysfunction shifts the vascular system into a pro-coagulative, proinflammatory state, thereby increasing the risk of developing cardiovascular (CV) diseases and metabolic disorders. Studies have turned to the investigation of microRNA treatment for CV risk factors, as these post-transcription regulators are known to co-regulate ROS. In this review, we will discuss ROS pathways and generation, normal endothelial cell physiology and ROS-induced dysfunction, and the current knowledge of common metabolic disorders and their connection to oxidative stress. Therapeutic strategies based on microRNAs in response to oxidative stress and microRNA's regulatory roles in controlling ROS will also be explored. It is important to gain an in-depth comprehension of the mechanisms generating ROS and how manipulating these enzymatic byproducts can protect endothelial cell function from oxidative stress and prevent the development of vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Minjares
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Wendy Wu
- Vera P Shiffman Medical Library, Wayne State University, 320 E Canfield St., Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Jie-Mei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, 320 E Canfield St., Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R St., Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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49
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Naseem N, Ahmad MF, Malik S, Khan RH, Siddiqui WA. The potential of esculin in ameliorating Type-2 diabetes mellitus induced neuropathy in Wistar rats and probing its inhibitory mechanism of insulin aggregation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124760. [PMID: 37156314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy encompasses multiple pathological disturbances, many of which coincide with the pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, various biophysical techniques like Rayleigh light scattering assay, Thioflavin T assay, far-UV Circular Dichroism spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy have unveiled the anti-fibrillatory effect of esculin upon human insulin fibrillation. MTT cytotoxicity assay demonstrated the biocompatibility of esculin and in-vivo studies such as behavioral tests like hot plate test, tail immersion test, acetone drop test, plantar test were performed for validating diabetic neuropathy. Assessment of levels of serum biochemical parameters, oxidative stress parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as neuron specific markers was done in the current study. Rat brains were subjected to histopathology and their sciatic nerves were subjected to transmission electron microscopy to analyze myelin structure alterations. All these results reveal that esculin ameliorates diabetic neuropathy in experimental diabetic rats. Conclusively, our study demonstrates the anti-amyloidogenic potential of esculin in the form of inhibition of human insulin fibrillation, making it a promising candidate in combating neurodegenerative disorders in the near future and the results of various behavioral, biochemical, and molecular studies reveal that esculin possesses anti-lipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties which help in ameliorating diabetic neuropathy in streptozotocin induced diabetic Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Naseem
- Research Lab-1, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Md Fahim Ahmad
- Research Lab-1, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Sadia Malik
- Research Lab-3, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Research Lab-3, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India.
| | - Waseem A Siddiqui
- Research Lab-1, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India.
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50
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Muturi HT, Ghadieh HE, Abdolahipour R, Stankus HL, Belew GD, Liu JK, Jahromi MS, Lee AD, Singer BB, Angeli-Pahim I, Sehrawat TS, Malhi H, Verhulst S, van Grunsven LA, Zarrinpar A, Duarte S, Najjar SM. Loss of CEACAM1 in endothelial cells causes hepatic fibrosis. Metabolism 2023; 144:155562. [PMID: 37088122 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hepatocytic CEACAM1 plays a critical role in NASH pathogenesis, as bolstered by the development of insulin resistance, visceral obesity, steatohepatitis and fibrosis in mice with global Ceacam1 (Cc1) deletion. In contrast, VECadCre+Cc1fl/fl mice with endothelial loss of Cc1 manifested insulin sensitivity with no visceral obesity despite elevated NF-κB signaling and increased systemic inflammation. We herein investigated whether VECadCre+Cc1fl/fl male mice develop hepatic fibrosis and whether this is mediated by increased production of endothelin1 (ET1), a transcriptional NF-κB target. METHODS VECadCre+Et1.Cc1fl/fl mice with combined endothelial loss of Cc1/Et1 genes were generated. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted on their livers and on liver tissue biopsies from adult patients undergoing bariatric surgery or from patients with NASH diagnosis receiving liver transplant. RESULTS Hepatic fibrosis and inflammatory infiltration developed in VECadCre+Cc1fl/fl liver parenchyma. This was preceded by increased ET1 production and reversed with combined endothelial loss of Et1. Conditioned media from VECadCre+Cc1fl/fl, but not VECadCre+Et1.Cc1fl/fl primary liver endothelial cells activated wild-type hepatic stellate cells; a process inhibited by bosentan, an ETAR/ETBR dual antagonist. Consistently, immunohistochemical analysis of liver biopsies from patients with NASH showed a decline in endothelial CEACAM1 in parallel with increased plasma endothelin1 levels and progression of hepatic fibrosis stage. CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrated that endothelial CEACAM1 plays a key role in preventing hepatic fibrogenesis by reducing autocrine endothelin1 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison T Muturi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Hilda E Ghadieh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Al-Koura, Lebanon
| | - Raziyeh Abdolahipour
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Hannah L Stankus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Getachew Debas Belew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - James K Liu
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Marziyeh Salehi Jahromi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Abraham D Lee
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA; Department of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Human Services, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Bernhard B Singer
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Isabella Angeli-Pahim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tejasav S Sehrawat
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Harmeet Malhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stefaan Verhulst
- Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leo A van Grunsven
- Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ali Zarrinpar
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sergio Duarte
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sonia M Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA; Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA; Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
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