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Plotkin DL, Mattingly ML, Anglin DA, Michel JM, Godwin JS, McIntosh MC, Bergamasco JGA, Scarpelli MC, Angleri V, Taylor LW, Willoughby DS, Mobley CB, Kavazis AN, Ugrinowitsch C, Libardi CA, Roberts MD. Skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain protein fragmentation as a potential marker of protein degradation in response to resistance training and disuse atrophy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595789. [PMID: 38826385 PMCID: PMC11142278 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
We sought to examine how resistance exercise (RE), cycling exercise, and disuse atrophy affect myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein fragmentation in humans. In the first study (1boutRE), younger adult men (n=8; 5±2 years of RE experience) performed a lower body RE bout with vastus lateralis (VL) biopsies obtained immediately before, 3-, and 6-hours post-exercise. In the second study (10weekRT), VL biopsies were obtained in untrained younger adults (n=36, 18 men and 18 women) before and 24 hours (24h) after their first/naïve RE bout. These participants also engaged in 10 weeks (24 sessions) of resistance training and donated VL biopsies before and 24h after their last RE bout. VL biopsies were also examined from a third acute cycling study (n=7) and a fourth study involving two weeks of leg immobilization (n=20, 15 men and 5 women) to determine how MyHC fragmentation was affected. In the 1boutRE study, the fragmentation of all MyHC isoforms (MyHCTotal) increased 3 hours post-RE (~ +200%, p=0.018) and returned to pre-exercise levels by 6 hours post-RE. Immunoprecipitation of MyHCTotal revealed ubiquitination levels remained unaffected at the 3- and 6-hour post-RE time points. Interestingly, a greater increase in magnitude for MyHC type IIa versus I isoform fragmentation occurred 3-hours post-RE (8.6±6.3-fold versus 2.1±0.7-fold, p=0.018). In all 10weekRT participants, the first/naïve and last RE bouts increased MyHCTotal fragmentation 24h post-RE (+65% and +36%, respectively; p<0.001); however, the last RE bout response was attenuated compared to the first bout (p=0.045). The first/naïve bout response was significantly elevated in females only (p<0.001), albeit females also demonstrated a last bout attenuation response (p=0.002). Although an acute cycling bout did not alter MyHCTotal fragmentation, ~8% VL atrophy with two weeks of leg immobilization led to robust MyHCTotal fragmentation (+108%, p<0.001), and no sex-based differences were observed. In summary, RE and disuse atrophy increase MyHC protein fragmentation. A dampened response with 10 weeks of resistance training, and more refined responses in well-trained men, suggest this is an adaptive process. Given the null polyubiquitination IP findings, more research is needed to determine how MyHC fragments are processed. Moreover, further research is needed to determine how aging and disease-associated muscle atrophy affect these outcomes, and whether MyHC fragmentation is a viable surrogate for muscle protein turnover rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J. Max Michel
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | | | | | - João G. A. Bergamasco
- MUSCULAB – Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maíra C. Scarpelli
- MUSCULAB – Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Angleri
- MUSCULAB – Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lemuel W. Taylor
- School of Health Professions, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, Texas, USA
| | - Darryn S. Willoughby
- School of Health Professions, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cleiton A. Libardi
- MUSCULAB – Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Endo T. Postnatal skeletal muscle myogenesis governed by signal transduction networks: MAPKs and PI3K-Akt control multiple steps. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 682:223-243. [PMID: 37826946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle myogenesis represents one of the most intensively and extensively examined systems of cell differentiation, tissue formation, and regeneration. Muscle regeneration provides an in vivo model system of postnatal myogenesis. It comprises multiple steps including muscle stem cell (or satellite cell) quiescence, activation, migration, myogenic determination, myoblast proliferation, myocyte differentiation, myofiber maturation, and hypertrophy. A variety of extracellular signaling and subsequent intracellular signal transduction pathways or networks govern the individual steps of postnatal myogenesis. Among them, MAPK pathways (the ERK, JNK, p38 MAPK, and ERK5 pathways) and PI3K-Akt signaling regulate multiple steps of myogenesis. Ca2+, cytokine, and Wnt signaling also participate in several myogenesis steps. These signaling pathways often control cell cycle regulatory proteins or the muscle-specific MyoD family and the MEF2 family of transcription factors. This article comprehensively reviews molecular mechanisms of the individual steps of postnatal skeletal muscle myogenesis by focusing on signal transduction pathways or networks. Nevertheless, no or only a partial signaling molecules or pathways have been identified in some responses during myogenesis. The elucidation of these unidentified signaling molecules and pathways leads to an extensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Endo
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoicho, Inageku, Chiba, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
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3
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Bersiner K, Park SY, Schaaf K, Yang WH, Theis C, Jacko D, Gehlert S. Resistance exercise: a mighty tool that adapts, destroys, rebuilds and modulates the molecular and structural environment of skeletal muscle. Phys Act Nutr 2023; 27:78-95. [PMID: 37583075 PMCID: PMC10440184 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2023.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Skeletal muscle regulates health and performance by maintaining or increasing strength and muscle mass. Although the molecular mechanisms in response to resistance exercise (RE) significantly target the activation of protein synthesis, a plethora of other mechanisms and structures must be involved in orchestrating the communication, repair, and restoration of homeostasis after RE stimulation. In practice, RE can be modulated by variations in intensity, continuity and volume, which affect molecular responses and skeletal muscle adaptation. Knowledge of these aspects is important with respect to planning of training programs and assessing the impact of RE training on skeletal muscle. METHODS In this narrative review, we introduce general aspects of skeletal muscle substructures that adapt in response to RE. We further highlighted the molecular mechanisms that control human skeletal muscle anabolism, degradation, repair and memory in response to acute and repeated RE and linked these aspects to major training variables. RESULTS Although RE is a key stimulus for the activation of skeletal muscle anabolism, it also induces myofibrillar damage. Nevertheless, to increase muscle mass accompanied by a corresponding adaptation of the essential substructures of the sarcomeric environment, RE must be continuously repeated. This requires the permanent engagement of molecular mechanisms that re-establish skeletal muscle integrity after each RE-induced muscle damage. CONCLUSION Various molecular regulators coordinately control the adaptation of skeletal muscle after acute and repeated RE and expand their actions far beyond muscle growth. Variations of key resistance training variables likely affect these mechanisms without affecting muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Käthe Bersiner
- Department for Biosciences of Sports, Institute of Sports Science, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - So-Young Park
- Graduate School of Sports Medicine, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kirill Schaaf
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Woo-Hwi Yang
- Graduate School of Sports Medicine, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, General Graduate School, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian Theis
- Center for Anaesthesiology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Daniel Jacko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gehlert
- Department for Biosciences of Sports, Institute of Sports Science, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
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Eccentric muscle contractions: from single muscle fibre to whole muscle mechanics. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:421-435. [PMID: 36790515 PMCID: PMC10011336 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02794-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Eccentric muscle loading encompasses several unique features compared to other types of contractions. These features include increased force, work, and performance at decreased oxygen consumption, reduced metabolic cost, improved energy efficiency, as well as decreased muscle activity. This review summarises explanatory approaches to long-standing questions in terms of muscular contraction dynamics and molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying eccentric muscle loading. Moreover, this article intends to underscore the functional link between sarcomeric components, emphasising the fundamental role of titin in skeletal muscle. The giant filament titin reveals versatile functions ranging from sarcomere organisation and maintenance, providing passive tension and elasticity, and operates as a mechanosensory and signalling platform. Structurally, titin consists of a viscoelastic spring segment that allows activation-dependent coupling to actin. This titin-actin interaction can explain linear force increases in active lengthening experiments in biological systems. A three-filament model of skeletal muscle force production (mediated by titin) is supposed to overcome significant deviations between experimental observations and predictions by the classic sliding-filament and cross-bridge theories. Taken together, this review intends to contribute to a more detailed understanding of overall muscle behaviour and force generation-from a microscopic sarcomere level to a macroscopic multi-joint muscle level-impacting muscle modelling, the understanding of muscle function, and disease.
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Ishii MN, Nakashima M, Kamiguchi H, Zach N, Kuboki R, Baba R, Hirakawa T, Suzuki K, Quinton M. Urine titin as a novel biomarker for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:302-308. [PMID: 36871413 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most severe form of muscular dystrophy that is caused by lack of dystrophin, a critical structural protein in skeletal muscle. DMD treatments, and quantitative biomarkers to assess the efficacy of potential treatments, are urgently needed. Previous evidence has shown that titin, a muscle cell protein, is increased in the urine of patients with DMD, suggesting its usefulness as a DMD biomarker. Here, we demonstrated that the elevated titin in urine is directly associated with the lack of dystrophin and urine titin responses to drug treatment. We performed a drug intervention study using mdx mice, a DMD mouse model. We showed that mdx mice, which lack dystrophin due to a mutation in exon 23 of the Dmd gene, have elevated urine titin. Treatment with an exon skipper that targets exon 23 rescued muscle dystrophin level and dramatically decreased urine titin in mdx mice and correlates with dystrophin expression. We also demonstrated that titin levels were significantly increased in the urine of patients with DMD. This suggests that elevated urine titin level might be a hallmark of DMD and a useful pharmacodynamic marker for therapies designed to restore dystrophin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misawa Niki Ishii
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tokyo, 251-0012, 26-1, 2-chome, Higashimuraoka, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Masato Nakashima
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tokyo, 251-0012, 26-1, 2-chome, Higashimuraoka, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kamiguchi
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tokyo, 251-0012, 26-1, 2-chome, Higashimuraoka, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Neta Zach
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, US, 350 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge, MA 02139, United Kingdom
| | - Ryosuke Kuboki
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tokyo, 251-0012, 26-1, 2-chome, Higashimuraoka, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rina Baba
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tokyo, 251-0012, 26-1, 2-chome, Higashimuraoka, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hirakawa
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tokyo, 251-0012, 26-1, 2-chome, Higashimuraoka, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazunori Suzuki
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tokyo, 251-0012, 26-1, 2-chome, Higashimuraoka, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Maria Quinton
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, US, 350 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge, MA 02139, United Kingdom
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Schoenfeld BJ, Wackerhage H, De Souza E. Inter-set stretch: A potential time-efficient strategy for enhancing skeletal muscle adaptations. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:1035190. [PMID: 36457663 PMCID: PMC9706104 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.1035190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Time is considered a primary barrier to exercise adherence. Therefore, developing time-efficient resistance training (RT) strategies that optimize muscular adaptations is of primary interest to practitioners. A novel approach to the problem involves combining intensive stretch protocols with RT. Conceivably, integrating stretch into the inter-set period may provide an added stimulus for muscle growth without increasing session duration. Mechanistically, stretch can regulate anabolic signaling via both active and passive force sensors. Emerging evidence indicates that both lengthening contractions against a high load as well as passive stretch can acutely activate anabolic intracellular signaling pathways involved in muscle hypertrophy. Although longitudinal research investigating the effects of stretching between RT sets is limited, some evidence suggests it may in fact enhance hypertrophic adaptations. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is threefold: (1) to review how the active force of a muscle contraction and the force of a passive stretched are sensed; (2) to present evidence for the effectiveness of RT with inter-set stretch for muscle hypertrophy (3) to provide practical recommendations for application of inter-set stretch in program design as well as directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad J. Schoenfeld
- Department of Exercise Science and Recreation, Lehman College, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eduardo De Souza
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, United States
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LIM CHANGHYUN, NUNES EVERSONA, CURRIER BRADS, MCLEOD JONATHANC, THOMAS AARONCQ, PHILLIPS STUARTM. An Evidence-Based Narrative Review of Mechanisms of Resistance Exercise-Induced Human Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1546-1559. [PMID: 35389932 PMCID: PMC9390238 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a critical role in physical function and metabolic health. Muscle is a highly adaptable tissue that responds to resistance exercise (RE; loading) by hypertrophying, or during muscle disuse, RE mitigates muscle loss. Resistance exercise training (RET)-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy is a product of external (e.g., RE programming, diet, some supplements) and internal variables (e.g., mechanotransduction, ribosomes, gene expression, satellite cells activity). RE is undeniably the most potent nonpharmacological external variable to stimulate the activation/suppression of internal variables linked to muscular hypertrophy or countering disuse-induced muscle loss. Here, we posit that despite considerable research on the impact of external variables on RET and hypertrophy, internal variables (i.e., inherent skeletal muscle biology) are dominant in regulating the extent of hypertrophy in response to external stimuli. Thus, identifying the key internal skeletal muscle-derived variables that mediate the translation of external RE variables will be pivotal to determining the most effective strategies for skeletal muscle hypertrophy in healthy persons. Such work will aid in enhancing function in clinical populations, slowing functional decline, and promoting physical mobility. We provide up-to-date, evidence-based perspectives of the mechanisms regulating RET-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- CHANGHYUN LIM
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CANADA
| | - EVERSON A. NUNES
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CANADA
- Department of Physiological Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa-Catarina, BRAZIL
| | - BRAD S. CURRIER
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CANADA
| | - JONATHAN C. MCLEOD
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CANADA
| | - AARON C. Q. THOMAS
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CANADA
| | - STUART M. PHILLIPS
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CANADA
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Germain P, Delalande A, Pichon C. Role of Muscle LIM Protein in Mechanotransduction Process. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179785. [PMID: 36077180 PMCID: PMC9456170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of protein synthesis is crucial to counteract the deconditioning of neuromuscular system and its atrophy. In the past, hormones and cytokines acting as growth factors involved in the intracellular events of these processes have been identified, while the implications of signaling pathways associated with the anabolism/catabolism ratio in reference to the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle hypertrophy have been recently identified. Among them, the mechanotransduction resulting from a mechanical stress applied to the cell appears increasingly interesting as a potential pathway for therapeutic intervention. At present, there is an open question regarding the type of stress to apply in order to induce anabolic events or the type of mechanical strain with respect to the possible mechanosensing and mechanotransduction processes involved in muscle cells protein synthesis. This review is focused on the muscle LIM protein (MLP), a structural and mechanosensing protein with a LIM domain, which is expressed in the sarcomere and costamere of striated muscle cells. It acts as a transcriptional cofactor during cell proliferation after its nuclear translocation during the anabolic process of differentiation and rebuilding. Moreover, we discuss the possible opportunity of stimulating this mechanotransduction process to counteract the muscle atrophy induced by anabolic versus catabolic disorders coming from the environment, aging or myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Germain
- UFR Sciences and Techniques, University of Orleans, 45067 Orleans, France
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS Orleans, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Anthony Delalande
- UFR Sciences and Techniques, University of Orleans, 45067 Orleans, France
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS Orleans, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- UFR Sciences and Techniques, University of Orleans, 45067 Orleans, France
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS Orleans, 45071 Orleans, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Ottinger CR, Sharp MH, Stefan MW, Gheith RH, de la Espriella F, Wilson JM. Muscle Hypertrophy Response to Range of Motion in Strength Training: A Novel Approach to Understanding the Findings. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Andresen B, de Marees M, Schiffer T, Bloch W, Suhr F. Skeletal muscle fiber type-specific expressions of mechanosensors integrin-linked kinase, talin, and vinculin and their modulation by loading and environmental conditions in humans. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22458. [PMID: 35867073 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101377rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanosensors control muscle integrity as demonstrated in mice. However, no information is available in human muscle about the distribution of mechanosensors and their adaptations to mechanical loading and environmental conditions (hypoxia). Here, we hypothesized that mechanosensors show fiber-type-specific distributions and that loading and environmental conditions specifically regulate mechanosensors. We randomly subjected 28 healthy males to one of the following groups (n = 7 each) consisting of nine loading sessions within 3 weeks: normoxia moderate (NM), normoxia intensive (NI), hypoxia moderate (HM), and hypoxia intensive (HI). We took six biopsies: pre (T0), 4 h (T1), and 24 h (T2) after the third as well as 4 h (T3), 24 h (T4), and 72 h (T5) after the ninth training session. We analyzed subjects' maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2 max), maximal power output (Pmax), muscle fiber types and cross-sectional areas (CSA), fiber-type-specific integrin-linked kinase (ILK) localizations as well as ILK, vinculin and talin protein and gene expressions in dependence on loading and environmental conditions. V̇O2 max increased upon NM and HM, Pmax upon all interventions. Fiber types did not change, whereas CSA increased upon NI and HI, but decreased upon HM. ILK showed a type 2-specific fiber type localization. ILK, vinculin, and talin protein and gene expressions differed depending on loading and environmental conditions. Our data demonstrate that mechanosensors show fiber type-specific distributions and that exercise intensities rather than environmental variables influence their profiles in human muscles. These data are the first of their kind in human muscle and indicate that mechanosensors manage the mechanosensing at a fiber-type-specific resolution and that the intensity of mechanical stimulation has a major impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Andresen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus de Marees
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schiffer
- Outpatient Clinic for Sports Traumatology and Public Health Consultation, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Suhr
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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van der Pijl RJ, Domenighetti AA, Sheikh F, Ehler E, Ottenheijm CAC, Lange S. The titin N2B and N2A regions: biomechanical and metabolic signaling hubs in cross-striated muscles. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:653-677. [PMID: 34745373 PMCID: PMC8553726 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle specific signaling has been shown to originate from myofilaments and their associated cellular structures, including the sarcomeres, costameres or the cardiac intercalated disc. Two signaling hubs that play important biomechanical roles for cardiac and/or skeletal muscle physiology are the N2B and N2A regions in the giant protein titin. Prominent proteins associated with these regions in titin are chaperones Hsp90 and αB-crystallin, members of the four-and-a-half LIM (FHL) and muscle ankyrin repeat protein (Ankrd) families, as well as thin filament-associated proteins, such as myopalladin. This review highlights biological roles and properties of the titin N2B and N2A regions in health and disease. Special emphasis is placed on functions of Ankrd and FHL proteins as mechanosensors that modulate muscle-specific signaling and muscle growth. This region of the sarcomere also emerged as a hotspot for the modulation of passive muscle mechanics through altered titin phosphorylation and splicing, as well as tethering mechanisms that link titin to the thin filament system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea A. Domenighetti
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Farah Sheikh
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Elisabeth Ehler
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Coen A. C. Ottenheijm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Lange
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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12
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Wette SG, Lamb GD, Murphy RM. Nuclei isolation methods fail to accurately assess the subcellular localization and behaviour of proteins in skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 233:e13730. [PMID: 34492163 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Subcellular fractionation is often used to determine the subcellular localization of proteins, including whether a protein translocates to the nucleus in response to a given stimulus. Examining nuclear proteins in skeletal muscle is difficult because myonuclear proteins are challenging to isolate unless harsh treatments are used. This study aimed to determine the most effective method for isolating and preserving proteins in their native state in skeletal muscle. METHODS We compared the ability of detergents, commercially available kit-based and K+ -based physiological methodologies for isolating myonuclear proteins from resting samples of human muscle by determining the presence of marker proteins for each fraction by western blot analyses. RESULTS We found that following the initial pelleting of nuclei, treatment with 1% Triton-X 100, 1% CHAPS or 0.5% Na-deoxycholate under various ionic conditions resulted in the nuclear proteins being either resistant to isolation or the proteins present behaving aberrantly. The nuclear proteins in brain tissue were also resistant to 1% Triton-X 100 isolation. Here, we demonstrate aberrant behaviour and erroneous localization of proteins using the kit-based method. The aberrant behaviour was the activation of Ca2+ -dependent protease calpain-3, and the erroneous localization was the presence of calpain-3 and troponin I in the nuclear fraction. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that it may not be possible to reliably determine the translocation of proteins between subcellular locations and the nucleus using subcellular fractionation techniques. This study highlights the importance of validating subcellular fractionation methodologies using several subcellular-specific markers and solutions that are physiologically relevant to the intracellular milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G. Wette
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Graham D. Lamb
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology School of Life Sciences La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Robyn M. Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology School of Life Sciences La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Increased Expression of N2BA Titin Corresponds to More Compliant Myofibrils in Athlete's Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011110. [PMID: 34681770 PMCID: PMC8537917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term exercise induces physiological cardiac adaptation, a condition referred to as athlete’s heart. Exercise tolerance is known to be associated with decreased cardiac passive stiffness. Passive stiffness of the heart muscle is determined by the giant elastic protein titin. The adult cardiac muscle contains two titin isoforms: the more compliant N2BA and the stiffer N2B. Titin-based passive stiffness may be controlled by altering the expression of the different isoforms or via post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation. Currently, there is very limited knowledge about titin’s role in cardiac adaptation during long-term exercise. Our aim was to determine the N2BA/N2B ratio and post-translational phosphorylation of titin in the left ventricle and to correlate the changes with the structure and transverse stiffness of cardiac sarcomeres in a rat model of an athlete’s heart. The athlete’s heart was induced by a 12-week-long swim-based training. In the exercised myocardium the N2BA/N2B ratio was significantly increased, Ser11878 of the PEVK domain was hypophosphorlyated, and the sarcomeric transverse elastic modulus was reduced. Thus, the reduced passive stiffness in the athlete’s heart is likely caused by a shift towards the expression of the longer cardiac titin isoform and a phosphorylation-induced softening of the PEVK domain which is manifested in a mechanical rearrangement locally, within the cardiac sarcomere.
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Bogomolovas J, Fleming JR, Franke B, Manso B, Simon B, Gasch A, Markovic M, Brunner T, Knöll R, Chen J, Labeit S, Scheffner M, Peter C, Mayans O. Titin kinase ubiquitination aligns autophagy receptors with mechanical signals in the sarcomere. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e48018. [PMID: 34402565 PMCID: PMC8490993 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Striated muscle undergoes remodelling in response to mechanical and physiological stress, but little is known about the integration of such varied signals in the myofibril. The interaction of the elastic kinase region from sarcomeric titin (A168-M1) with the autophagy receptors Nbr1/p62 and MuRF E3 ubiquitin ligases is well suited to link mechanosensing with the trophic response of the myofibril. To investigate the mechanisms of signal cross-talk at this titin node, we elucidated its 3D structure, analysed its response to stretch using steered molecular dynamics simulations and explored its functional relation to MuRF1 and Nbr1/p62 using cellular assays. We found that MuRF1-mediated ubiquitination of titin kinase promotes its scaffolding of Nbr1/p62 and that the process can be dynamically down-regulated by the mechanical unfolding of a linker sequence joining titin kinase with the MuRF1 receptor site in titin. We propose that titin ubiquitination is sensitive to the mechanical state of the sarcomere, the regulation of sarcomere targeting by Nbr1/p62 being a functional outcome. We conclude that MuRF1/Titin Kinase/Nbr1/p62 constitutes a distinct assembly that predictably promotes sarcomere breakdown in inactive muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Bogomolovas
- Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, La JollaCAUSA
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical NeuroscienceCentral Institute of Mental HealthMedical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- Department of Integrative PathophysiologyMedical Faculty MannheimUniversity of HeidelbergMannheimGermany
| | | | - Barbara Franke
- Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Bruno Manso
- Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Bernd Simon
- Structural and Computational Biology UnitEMBLHeidelbergGermany
| | - Alexander Gasch
- Department of Integrative PathophysiologyMedical Faculty MannheimUniversity of HeidelbergMannheimGermany
| | | | - Thomas Brunner
- Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Ralph Knöll
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC)Heart and Vascular ThemeUniversity Hospital, MedHKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
- Bioscience, CardiovascularRenal & MetabolismBioPharmaceuticalsR&D, AstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, La JollaCAUSA
| | - Siegfried Labeit
- Department of Integrative PathophysiologyMedical Faculty MannheimUniversity of HeidelbergMannheimGermany
| | | | - Christine Peter
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Olga Mayans
- Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
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15
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Adewale AO, Ahn YH. Titin N2A Domain and Its Interactions at the Sarcomere. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147563. [PMID: 34299183 PMCID: PMC8305307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Titin is a giant protein in the sarcomere that plays an essential role in muscle contraction with actin and myosin filaments. However, its utility goes beyond mechanical functions, extending to versatile and complex roles in sarcomere organization and maintenance, passive force, mechanosensing, and signaling. Titin’s multiple functions are in part attributed to its large size and modular structures that interact with a myriad of protein partners. Among titin’s domains, the N2A element is one of titin’s unique segments that contributes to titin’s functions in compliance, contraction, structural stability, and signaling via protein–protein interactions with actin filament, chaperones, stress-sensing proteins, and proteases. Considering the significance of N2A, this review highlights structural conformations of N2A, its predisposition for protein–protein interactions, and its multiple interacting protein partners that allow the modulation of titin’s biological effects. Lastly, the nature of N2A for interactions with chaperones and proteases is included, presenting it as an important node that impacts titin’s structural and functional integrity.
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16
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Maimaiti R, Zhu C, Zhang Y, Ding Q, Guo W. RBM20-Mediated Pre-mRNA Splicing Has Muscle-Specificity and Differential Hormonal Responses between Muscles and in Muscle Cell Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2928. [PMID: 33805770 PMCID: PMC7999644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-mRNA splicing plays an important role in muscle function and diseases. The RNA binding motif 20 (RBM20) is a splicing factor that is predominantly expressed in muscle tissues and primarily regulates pre-mRNA splicing of Ttn, encoding a giant muscle protein titin that is responsible for muscle function and diseases. RBM20-mediated Ttn splicing has been mostly studied in heart muscle, but not in skeletal muscle. In this study, we investigated splicing specificity in different muscle types in Rbm20 knockout rats and hormonal effects on RBM20-mediated splicing both in cellulo and in vivo studies. The results revealed that RBM20 is differentially expressed across muscles and RBM20-mediated splicing is muscle-type specific. In the presence of RBM20, Ttn splicing responds to hormones in a muscle-type dependent manner, while in the absence of RBM20, Ttn splicing is not affected by hormones. In differentiated and undifferentiated C2C12 cells, RBM20-mediated splicing in response to hormonal effects is mainly through genomic signaling pathway. The knowledge gained from this study may help further understand muscle-specific gene splicing in response to hormone stimuli in different muscle types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rexiati Maimaiti
- Animal Science Department, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; (R.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chaoqun Zhu
- Animal Science Department, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; (R.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Yanghai Zhang
- Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Y.Z.); (Q.D.)
| | - Qiyue Ding
- Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Y.Z.); (Q.D.)
| | - Wei Guo
- Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Y.Z.); (Q.D.)
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17
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Jiang H, Hooper C, Kelly M, Steeples V, Simon JN, Beglov J, Azad AJ, Leinhos L, Bennett P, Ehler E, Kalisch-Smith JI, Sparrow DB, Fischer R, Heilig R, Isackson H, Ehsan M, Patone G, Huebner N, Davies B, Watkins H, Gehmlich K. Functional analysis of a gene-edited mouse model to gain insights into the disease mechanisms of a titin missense variant. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:14. [PMID: 33637999 PMCID: PMC7910237 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Titin truncating variants are a well-established cause of cardiomyopathy; however, the role of titin missense variants is less well understood. Here we describe the generation of a mouse model to investigate the underlying disease mechanism of a previously reported titin A178D missense variant identified in a family with non-compaction and dilated cardiomyopathy. Heterozygous and homozygous mice carrying the titin A178D missense variant were characterised in vivo by echocardiography. Heterozygous mice had no detectable phenotype at any time point investigated (up to 1 year). By contrast, homozygous mice developed dilated cardiomyopathy from 3 months. Chronic adrenergic stimulation aggravated the phenotype. Targeted transcript profiling revealed induction of the foetal gene programme and hypertrophic signalling pathways in homozygous mice, and these were confirmed at the protein level. Unsupervised proteomics identified downregulation of telethonin and four-and-a-half LIM domain 2, as well as the upregulation of heat shock proteins and myeloid leukaemia factor 1. Loss of telethonin from the cardiac Z-disc was accompanied by proteasomal degradation; however, unfolded telethonin accumulated in the cytoplasm, leading to a proteo-toxic response in the mice.We show that the titin A178D missense variant is pathogenic in homozygous mice, resulting in cardiomyopathy. We also provide evidence of the disease mechanism: because the titin A178D variant abolishes binding of telethonin, this leads to its abnormal cytoplasmic accumulation. Subsequent degradation of telethonin by the proteasome results in proteasomal overload, and activation of a proteo-toxic response. The latter appears to be a driving factor for the cardiomyopathy observed in the mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Jiang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Charlotte Hooper
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Matthew Kelly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Violetta Steeples
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jillian N Simon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Julia Beglov
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Amar J Azad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Lisa Leinhos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Pauline Bennett
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Elisabeth Ehler
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | | | - Duncan B Sparrow
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raphael Heilig
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Henrik Isackson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Integrative Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mehroz Ehsan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Giannino Patone
- Max Delbrueck Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Huebner
- Max Delbrueck Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Transgenic Core, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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18
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Determination of the pathways of potential muscle damage and regeneration in response to acute and long-term swimming exercise in mice. Life Sci 2021; 272:119265. [PMID: 33626393 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was examining early and late (3, 24 h) responses to acute, chronic swimming exercise as muscle damage and regeneration in gastrocnemius-soleus muscle complexes. We also aimed to reveal the signaling pathways involved. 8-12 weeks old mice were grouped as control, exercise. Exercising groups were firstly divided into two as acute and chronic, later every group was again divided in terms of time (3, 24 h) passed from the last exercise session until exsanguination. Acute exercise groups swam 30 min, while chronic swimming groups exercised 30 min/day, 5 days/week, 6 weeks. Histological investigations were performed to determine muscle damage and regeneration. Whole-genome expression analysis was applied to total RNA samples. Microarray data was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Exercising mice muscle revealed enhanced damage, leukocyte infiltration. Increments in acute and chronic 3 h groups were statistically significant. Car3, Neb, Obscn, Ttn, Igfbp5, Igfbp7, Gsk3β, and Usp2 were down-regulated in muscles of swimming mice. The exercise-induced signaling pathways involved in muscle damage and regeneration were drawn. Our findings demonstrate that swimming induces muscle damage. Samples were obtained at 3 and 24 h following exercise, this time duration seems not sufficient for the development of myofibrillogenesis.
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19
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Tomin T, Schittmayer M, Sedej S, Bugger H, Gollmer J, Honeder S, Darnhofer B, Liesinger L, Zuckermann A, Rainer PP, Birner-Gruenberger R. Mass Spectrometry-Based Redox and Protein Profiling of Failing Human Hearts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041787. [PMID: 33670142 PMCID: PMC7916846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to detrimental functional decline of the myocardium, leading to the impairment of the antioxidative defense, dysregulation of redox signaling, and protein damage. In order to precisely dissect the changes of the myocardial redox state correlated with oxidative stress and heart failure, we subjected left-ventricular tissue specimens collected from control or failing human hearts to comprehensive mass spectrometry-based redox and quantitative proteomics, as well as glutathione status analyses. As a result, we report that failing hearts have lower glutathione to glutathione disulfide ratios and increased oxidation of a number of different proteins, including constituents of the contractile machinery as well as glycolytic enzymes. Furthermore, quantitative proteomics of failing hearts revealed a higher abundance of proteins responsible for extracellular matrix remodeling and reduced abundance of several ion transporters, corroborating contractile impairment. Similar effects were recapitulated by an in vitro cell culture model under a controlled oxygen atmosphere. Together, this study provides to our knowledge the most comprehensive report integrating analyses of protein abundance and global and peptide-level redox state in end-stage failing human hearts as well as oxygen-dependent redox and global proteome profiles of cultured human cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Tomin
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology-TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria;
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.H.); (B.D.); (L.L.)
- BiotechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Matthias Schittmayer
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology-TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria;
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.H.); (B.D.); (L.L.)
- BiotechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (P.P.R.); (R.B.-G.)
| | - Simon Sedej
- BiotechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.B.); (J.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Johannes Gollmer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Sophie Honeder
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.H.); (B.D.); (L.L.)
- BiotechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Barbara Darnhofer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.H.); (B.D.); (L.L.)
- BiotechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Laura Liesinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.H.); (B.D.); (L.L.)
- BiotechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Andreas Zuckermann
- Cardiac Transplantation, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Peter P. Rainer
- BiotechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.B.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (P.P.R.); (R.B.-G.)
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology-TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria;
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.H.); (B.D.); (L.L.)
- BiotechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (P.P.R.); (R.B.-G.)
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20
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Can Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Be a Good Model for the Investigation of the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Diet in Humans? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010036. [PMID: 33466327 PMCID: PMC7824757 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical, low-grade, inflammation is one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the majority of chronic and non-communicable diseases. Several methodological approaches have been applied for the assessment of the anti-inflammatory properties of nutrition, however, their impact in human body remains uncertain, because of the fact that the majority of the studies reporting anti-inflammatory effect of dietary patterns, have been performed under laboratory settings and/or in animal models. Thus, the extrapolation of these results to humans is risky. It is therefore obvious that the development of an inflammatory model in humans, by which we could induce inflammatory responses to humans in a regulated, specific, and non-harmful way, could greatly facilitate the estimation of the anti-inflammatory properties of diet in a more physiological way and mechanistically relevant way. We believe that exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) could serve as such a model, either in studies investigating the homeostatic responses of individuals under inflammatory stimuli or for the estimation of the anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory potential of dietary patterns, foods, supplements, nutrients, or phytochemicals. Thus, in this review we discuss the possibility of exercise-induced muscle damage being an inflammation model suitable for the assessment of the anti-inflammatory properties of diet in humans.
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21
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Wette SG, Birch NP, Soop M, Zügel M, Murphy RM, Lamb GD, Smith HK. Expression of titin-linked putative mechanosensing proteins in skeletal muscle after power resistance exercise in resistance-trained men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 130:545-561. [PMID: 33356984 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00711.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the molecular responses to power resistance exercise that lead to skeletal muscle remodeling and enhanced athletic performance. We assessed the expression of titin-linked putative mechanosensing proteins implicated in muscle remodeling: muscle ankyrin repeat proteins (Ankrd 1, Ankrd 2, and Ankrd 23), muscle-LIM proteins (MLPs), muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF-1), and associated myogenic proteins (MyoD1, myogenin, and myostatin) in skeletal muscle in response to power resistance exercise with or without a postexercise meal, in fed, resistance-trained men. A muscle sample was obtained from the vastus lateralis of seven healthy men on separate days, 3 h after 90 min of rest (Rest) or power resistance exercise with (Ex + Meal) or without (Ex) a postexercise meal to quantify mRNA and protein levels. The levels of phosphorylated HSP27 (pHSP27-Ser15) and cytoskeletal proteins in muscle and creatine kinase activity in serum were also assessed. The exercise increased (P ≤ 0.05) pHSP27-Ser15 (∼6-fold) and creatine kinase (∼50%), whereas cytoskeletal protein levels were unchanged (P > 0.05). Ankrd 1 (∼15-fold) and MLP (∼2-fold) mRNA increased, whereas Ankrd 2, Ankrd 23, MuRF-1, MyoD1, and myostatin mRNA were unchanged. Ankrd 1 (∼3-fold, Ex) and MLPb (∼20-fold, Ex + Meal) protein increased, but MLPa, Ankrd 2, Ankrd 23, and the myogenic proteins were unchanged. The postexercise meal did not affect the responses observed. Power resistance exercise, as performed in practice, induced subtle early responses in the expression of MLP and Ankrd 1 yet had little effect on the other proteins investigated. These findings suggest possible roles for MLP and Ankrd 1 in the remodeling of skeletal muscle in individuals who regularly perform this type of exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to assess the early changes in the expression of titin-linked putative mechanosensing proteins and associated myogenic regulatory factors in skeletal muscle after power resistance exercise in fed, resistance-trained men. We report that power resistance exercise induces subtle early responses in the expression of Ankrd 1 and MLP, suggesting these proteins play a role in the remodeling of skeletal muscle in individuals who regularly perform this type of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G Wette
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel P Birch
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mattias Soop
- Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Karolinska Institutet at Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martina Zügel
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Robyn M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham D Lamb
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heather K Smith
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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22
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Identification of mRNA Degradome Variation Dependent on Divergent Muscle Mass in Different Pig Breeds. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The search is still on for the molecular processes associated with the development and metabolism of skeletal muscles. Selection conducted in farm animals is focused on high muscle mass because it delivers higher economic profit. The present study aimed to shed light on mRNA degradome signals that could be characteristic for molecular processes associated with an abundance of muscle mass and to identify miRNA regulatory networks controlling these processes in pigs applying next-generation-sequencing (NGS). In the study, over 10,000 degraded transcripts were identified per sample, with the highest abundance for genes encoding mitochondrial proteins (COXs, NDs, CYTB, ATP6 and ATP8). Moreover, only 26% of the miRNA targets were found within this degraded transcript pool, which suggested for miRNAs other molecular mechanism at different level of gene expression than mRNA degradation. On the other hand, a small share of the identified degraded transcripts associated with miRNA regulation suggests a different mechanism of mRNA degradation for identified degraded transcropts. Subsequently, most of the miRNA gene degraded targets, such as ENO3, CKM, CRYAB and ADAM19 encode proteins involved in the muscle mass control. The present study showed an interesting dependence between miRNAs and their targets. Nevertheless, the complete view of the miRNA regulatory network could be a subject of further advanced research, which would employ a miRNA transfection procedure in skeletal muscle cell cultures.
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23
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McEvoy E, Wijns W, McGarry P. A thermodynamic transient cross-bridge model for prediction of contractility and remodelling of the ventricle. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 113:104074. [PMID: 33189012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaption of the heart to a change in cardiovascular loading conditions. The current understanding is that progression may be stress or strain driven, but the multi-scale nature of the cellular remodelling processes have yet to be uncovered. In this study, we develop a model of the contractile left ventricle, with the active cell tension described by a thermodynamically motivated cross-bridge cycling model. Simulation of the transient recruitment of myosin results in correct patterns of ventricular pressure predicted over a cardiac cycle. We investigate how changes in tissue loading and associated deviations in transient force generation can drive restructuring of cellular myofibrils in the heart wall. Our thermodynamic framework predicts in-series sarcomere addition (eccentric remodelling) in response to volume overload, and sarcomere addition in parallel (concentric remodelling) in response to valve and signalling disfunction. This framework provides a significant advance in the current understanding of the fundamental sub-sarcomere level biomechanisms underlying cardiac remodelling. Simulations reveal that pathological tissue loading conditions can significantly alter actin-myosin cross-bridge cycling over the course of the cardiac cycle. The resultant variation in sarcomere stress pushes an imbalance between the internal free energy of the myofibril and that of unbound contractile proteins, initiating remodelling. The link between cross-bridge thermodynamics and myofibril remodelling proposed in this study may significantly advance current understanding of cardiac disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin McEvoy
- Biomedical Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - William Wijns
- The Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine, University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Patrick McGarry
- Biomedical Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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24
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Paneni F, Costantino S, Hamdani N. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy with SGLT2 inhibitors. Eur Heart J 2020; 41:3433-3436. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
- University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
- Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, St-Josef Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
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25
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N2A Titin: Signaling Hub and Mechanical Switch in Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113974. [PMID: 32492876 PMCID: PMC7312179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its belated discovery, our understanding of the giant protein titin has grown exponentially from its humble beginning as a sarcomeric scaffold to recent recognition of its critical mechanical and signaling functions in active muscle. One uniquely useful model to unravel titin’s functions, muscular dystrophy with myositis (mdm), arose spontaneously in mice as a transposon-like LINE repeat insertion that results in a small deletion in the N2A region of titin. This small deletion profoundly affects hypertrophic signaling and muscle mechanics, thereby providing insights into the function of this specific region and the consequences of its dysfunction. The impact of this mutation is profound, affecting diverse aspects of the phenotype including muscle mechanics, developmental hypertrophy, and thermoregulation. In this review, we explore accumulating evidence that points to the N2A region of titin as a dynamic “switch” that is critical for both mechanical and signaling functions in skeletal muscle. Calcium-dependent binding of N2A titin to actin filaments triggers a cascade of changes in titin that affect mechanical properties such as elastic energy storage and return, as well as hypertrophic signaling. The mdm phenotype also points to the existence of as yet unidentified signaling pathways for muscle hypertrophy and thermoregulation, likely involving titin’s PEVK region as well as the N2A signalosome.
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26
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Biomechanical Cues Direct Valvulogenesis. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7020018. [PMID: 32438610 PMCID: PMC7345189 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate embryonic heart initially forms with two chambers, a ventricle and an atrium, separated by the atrioventricular junction. Localized genetic and biomechanical information guides the development of valves, which function to ensure unidirectional blood flow. If the valve development process goes awry, pathology associated with congenital valve defects can ensue. Congenital valve defects (CVD) are estimated to affect 1–2% of the population and can often require a lifetime of treatment. Despite significant clinical interest, molecular genetic mechanisms that direct valve development remain incompletely elucidated. Cells in the developing valve must contend with a dynamic hemodynamic environment. A growing body of research supports the idea that cells in the valve are highly sensitive to biomechanical forces, which cue changes in gene expression required for normal development or for maintenance of the adult valve. This review will focus on mechanotransductive pathways involved in valve development across model species. We highlight current knowledge regarding how cells sense physical forces associated with blood flow and pressure in the forming heart, and summarize how these changes are transduced into genetic and developmental responses. Lastly, we provide perspectives on how altered biomechanical cues may lead to CVD pathogenesis.
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27
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Rice PE, Nimphius S. When Task Constraints Delimit Movement Strategy: Implications for Isolated Joint Training in Dancers. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:49. [PMID: 33345041 PMCID: PMC7739566 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Athletic performance is determined by numerous variables that cannot always be controlled or modified. Due to aesthetic requirements during sports such as dance, body alignment constrains possible movement solutions. Increased power transference around the ankle-joint, coupled with lower hip-joint power, has become a preferential strategy in dancers during leaps and may be considered a dance-specific stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) demand. Newell's theoretical model of interacting constraints includes organismic (or individual), environmental, and task constraints describing the different endogenous and exogenous constraints individuals must overcome for movement and athletic performance. The unique task constraints imposed during dance will be used as a model to justify an isolated joint, single-targeted block progression training to improve physical capacity within the context of motor behavior to enhance dance-specific SSC performance. The suggested ankle-specific block progression consists of isometrics, dynamic constant external resistance, accentuated eccentrics, and plyometrics. Such programming tactics intend to collectively induce tendon remodeling, muscle hypertrophy, greater maximal strength, improved rate of force development, increased motor unit firing rates, and enhanced dynamic movement performance. The current perspective provides a dualistic approach and justification (physiological and motor behavioral) for specific strength and conditioning programming strategies. We propose implementation of a single-targeted block progression program, inspired by Newell's theoretical model of interacting constraints, may elicit positive training adaptations in a directed manner in this population. The application of Newell's theoretical model in the context of a strength and conditioning supports development of musculoskeletal properties and control and is conceptually applicable to a range of athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E Rice
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Sophia Nimphius
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Ai L, Perez E, Asimes A, Kampaengsri T, Heroux M, Zlobin A, Hiske MA, Chung CS, Pak TR, Kirk JA. Binge Alcohol Exposure in Adolescence Impairs Normal Heart Growth. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015611. [PMID: 32319345 PMCID: PMC7428579 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Approximately 1 in 6 adolescents report regular binge alcohol consumption, and we hypothesize it affects heart growth during this period. Methods and Results Adolescent, genetically diverse, male Wistar rats were gavaged with water or ethanol once per day for 6 days. In vivo structure and function were assessed before and after exposure. Binge alcohol exposure in adolescence significantly impaired normal cardiac growth but did not affect whole‐body growth during adolescence, therefore this pathology was specific to the heart. Binge rats also exhibited signs of accelerated pathological growth (concentric cellular hypertrophy and thickening of the myocardial wall), suggesting a global reorientation from physiologic to pathologic growth. Binge rats compensated for their smaller filling volumes by increasing systolic function and sympathetic stimulation. Consequently, binge alcohol exposure increased PKA (protein kinase A) phosphorylation of troponin I, inducing myofilament calcium desensitization. Binge alcohol also impaired in vivo relaxation and increased titin‐based cellular stiffness due to titin phosphorylation by PKCα (protein kinase C α). Mechanistically, alcohol inhibited extracellular signal‐related kinase activity, a nodal signaling kinase activating physiology hypertrophy. Thus, binge alcohol exposure depressed genes involved in growth. These cardiac structural alterations from binge alcohol exposure persisted through adolescence even after cessation of ethanol exposure. Conclusions Alcohol negatively impacts function in the adult heart, but the adolescent heart is substantially more sensitive to its effects. This difference is likely because adolescent binge alcohol impedes the normal rapid physiological growth and reorients it towards pathological hypertrophy. Many adolescents regularly binge alcohol, and here we report a novel pathological consequence as well as mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhuo Ai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Maywood IL
| | - Edith Perez
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Maywood IL
| | - AnnaDorothea Asimes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Maywood IL
| | - Theerachat Kampaengsri
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Maywood IL
| | - Maxime Heroux
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Maywood IL
| | - Andrei Zlobin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Maywood IL
| | - Mark A Hiske
- Department of Physiology Wayne State University Detroit MI
| | | | - Toni R Pak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Maywood IL
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Maywood IL
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Huang S, Liu S, Niu Y, Fu L. Scriptaid/exercise-induced lysine acetylation is another type of posttranslational modification occurring in titin. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:276-285. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00617.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Titin serves important functions in skeletal muscle during exercise, and posttranslational modifications of titin participate in the regulation of titin-based sarcomeric functions. Scriptaid has exercise-like effects through the inhibition of HDAC and regulatory acetylation of proteins. However, it remains mostly unclear if exercise could result in titin’s acetylation and whether Scriptaid could regulate acetylation of titin. We treated C57BL/6 mice with 6-wk treadmill exercise and 6-wk Scriptaid administration to explore Scriptaid’s effects on mice exercise capacity and whether Scriptaid administration/exercise could induce titin’s acetylation modification. An exercise endurance test was conducted to explore their effects on mice exercise capacity, and proteomic studies were conducted with gastrocnemius muscle tissue of mice from different groups to explore titin’s acetylation modification. We found that Scriptaid and exercise did not change titin’s protein expression, but they did induce acetylation modification changes of titin. In total, 333 acetylated lysine sites were identified. Exercise changed the acetylation levels of 33 lysine sites of titin, whereas Scriptaid changed acetylation levels of 31 titin lysine sites. Exercise treatment and Scriptaid administration shared 11 lysine sites. In conclusion, Scriptaid increased exercise endurance of mice by increasing the time mice spent running to fatigue. Acetylation is a common type of posttranslational modification of titin, and exercise/Scriptaid changed the acetylation levels of titin and titin-interacting proteins. Most importantly, titin may be a mediator through which Scriptaid and exercise modulate the properties and functions of exercise-induced skeletal muscle at the molecular level. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Scriptaid administration increased mouse exercise endurance. Acetylation is another type of posttranslational modification of titin. Scriptaid/exercise changed acetylation levels of titin and titin-interacting proteins. Titin may mediate exercise-induced skeletal muscle properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sujuan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanmei Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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30
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Tahir U, Monroy JA, Rice NA, Nishikawa KC. Effects of a titin mutation on force enhancement and force depression in mouse soleus muscles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:jeb.197038. [PMID: 31862847 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.197038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The active isometric force produced by muscles varies with muscle length in accordance with the force-length relationship. Compared with isometric contractions at the same final length, force increases after active lengthening (force enhancement) and decreases after active shortening (force depression). In addition to cross-bridges, titin has been suggested to contribute to force enhancement and depression. Although titin is too compliant in passive muscles to contribute to active tension at short sarcomere lengths on the ascending limb and plateau of the force-length relationship, recent evidence suggests that activation increases titin stiffness. To test the hypothesis that titin plays a role in force enhancement and depression, we investigated isovelocity stretching and shortening in active and passive wild-type and mdm (muscular dystrophy with myositis) soleus muscles. Skeletal muscles from mdm mice have a small deletion in the N2A region of titin and show no increase in titin stiffness during active stretch. We found that: (1) force enhancement and depression were reduced in mdm soleus compared with wild-type muscles relative to passive force after stretch or shortening to the same final length; (2) force enhancement and force depression increased with amplitude of stretch across all activation levels in wild-type muscles; and (3) maximum shortening velocity of wild-type and mdm muscles estimated from isovelocity experiments was similar, although active stress was reduced in mdm compared with wild-type muscles. The results of this study suggest a role for titin in force enhancement and depression, which contribute importantly to muscle force during natural movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Tahir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5640, USA
| | - Jenna A Monroy
- W. M. Keck Science Department, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA 91711-5916, USA
| | - Nicole A Rice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5640, USA
| | - Kiisa C Nishikawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5640, USA
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Quiroga C, Mancilla G, Oyarzun I, Tapia A, Caballero M, Gabrielli LA, Valladares-Ide D, del Campo A, Castro PF, Verdejo HE. Moderate Exercise in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Is Unable to Activate the Expression of Genes Linked to Mitochondrial Dynamics and Biogenesis in Cardiomyocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:546. [PMID: 32973679 PMCID: PMC7466645 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a public health concern and a major preventable cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). When uncontrolled, HTN may lead to adverse cardiac remodeling, left ventricular hypertrophy, and ultimately, heart failure. Regular aerobic exercise training exhibits blood pressure protective effects, improves myocardial function, and may reverse pathologic cardiac hypertrophy. These beneficial effects depend at least partially on improved mitochondrial function, decreased oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and apoptotic cell death, which supports the general recommendation of moderate exercise in CVD patients. However, most of these mechanisms have been described on healthy individuals; the effect of moderate exercise on HTN subjects at a cellular level remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that hypertension in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) reduces the mitochondrial response to moderate exercise in the myocardium. Methods: Eight-month-old SHRs and their normotensive control-Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYR)-were randomly assigned to moderate exercise on a treadmill five times per week with a running speed set at 10 m/min and 15° inclination. The duration of each session was 45 min with a relative intensity of 70-85% of the maximum O2 consumption for a total of 8 weeks. A control group of untrained animals was maintained in their cages with short sessions of 10 min at 10 m/min two times per week to maintain them accustomed to the treadmill. After completing the exercise protocol, we assessed maximum exercise capacity and echocardiographic parameters. Animals were euthanized, and heart and muscle tissue were harvested for protein determinations and gene expression analysis. Measurements were compared using a nonparametric ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis), with post-hoc Dunn's test. Results: At baseline, SHR presented myocardial remodeling evidenced by left ventricular hypertrophy (interventricular septum 2.08 ± 0.07 vs. 1.62 ± 0.08 mm, p < 0.001), enlarged left atria (0.62 ± 0.1 mm vs. 0.52 ± 0.1, p = 0.04), and impaired diastolic function (E/A ratio 2.43 ± 0.1 vs. 1.56 ± 0.2) when compared to WKYR. Moderate exercise did not induce changes in ventricular remodeling but improved diastolic filling pattern (E/A ratio 2.43 ± 0.1 in untrained SHR vs. 1.89 ± 0.16 trained SHR, p < 0.01). Histological analysis revealed increased myocyte transversal section area, increased Myh7 (myosin heavy chain 7) expression, and collagen fiber accumulation in SHR-control hearts. While the exercise protocol did not modify cardiac size, there was a significant reduction of cardiomyocyte size in the SHR-exercise group. Conversely, titin expression increased only WYK-exercise animals but remained unchanged in the SHR-exercise group. Mitochondrial response to exercise also diverged between SHR and WYKR: while moderate exercise showed an apparent increase in mRNA levels of Ppargc1α, Opa1, Mfn2, Mff, and Drp1 in WYKR, mitochondrial dynamics proteins remained unchanged in response to exercise in SHR. This finding was further confirmed by decreased levels of MFN2 and OPA1 in SHR at baseline and increased OPA1 processing in response to exercise in heart. In summary, aerobic exercise improves diastolic parameters in SHR but fails to activate the cardiomyocyte mitochondrial adaptive response observed in healthy individuals. This finding may explain the discrepancies on the effect of exercise in clinical settings and evidence of the need to further refine our understanding of the molecular response to physical activity in HTN subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Quiroga
- Laboratorio de Señalización Cardiovascular, División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Georthan Mancilla
- Laboratorio de Señalización Cardiovascular, División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ingrid Oyarzun
- Laboratorio de Señalización Cardiovascular, División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anita Tapia
- Laboratorio de Señalización Cardiovascular, División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mia Caballero
- Laboratorio de Señalización Cardiovascular, División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luigi A. Gabrielli
- Laboratorio de Señalización Cardiovascular, División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Andrea del Campo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioenergética Celular, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F. Castro
- Laboratorio de Señalización Cardiovascular, División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo E. Verdejo
- Laboratorio de Señalización Cardiovascular, División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Hugo E. Verdejo
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Scalable, Non-denaturing Purification of Phosphoproteins Using Ga 3+-IMAC: N2A and M1M2 Titin Components as Study case. Protein J 2019; 38:181-189. [PMID: 30719619 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-019-09815-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The purification of phosphorylated proteins in a folded state and in large enough quantity for biochemical or biophysical analysis remains a challenging task. Here, we develop a new implementation of the method of gallium immobilized metal chromatography (Ga3+-IMAC) as to permit the selective enrichment of phosphoproteins in the milligram scale and under native conditions using automated FPLC instrumentation. We apply this method to the purification of the UN2A and M1M2 components of the muscle protein titin upon being monophosphorylated in vitro by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). We found that UN2A is phosphorylated by PKA at its C-terminus in residue S9578 and M1M2 is phosphorylated in its interdomain linker sequence at position T32607. We demonstrate that the Ga3+-IMAC method is efficient, economical and suitable for implementation in automated purification pipelines for recombinant proteins. The procedure can be applied both to the selective enrichment and to the removal of phosphoproteins from biochemical samples.
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Savarese M, Maggi L, Vihola A, Jonson PH, Tasca G, Ruggiero L, Bello L, Magri F, Giugliano T, Torella A, Evilä A, Di Fruscio G, Vanakker O, Gibertini S, Vercelli L, Ruggieri A, Antozzi C, Luque H, Janssens S, Pasanisi MB, Fiorillo C, Raimondi M, Ergoli M, Politano L, Bruno C, Rubegni A, Pane M, Santorelli FM, Minetti C, Angelini C, De Bleecker J, Moggio M, Mongini T, Comi GP, Santoro L, Mercuri E, Pegoraro E, Mora M, Hackman P, Udd B, Nigro V. Interpreting Genetic Variants in Titin in Patients With Muscle Disorders. JAMA Neurol 2019; 75:557-565. [PMID: 29435569 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.4899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Importance Mutations in the titin gene (TTN) cause a wide spectrum of genetic diseases. The interpretation of the numerous rare variants identified in TTN is a difficult challenge given its large size. Objective To identify genetic variants in titin in a cohort of patients with muscle disorders. Design, Setting, and Participants In this case series, 9 patients with titinopathy and 4 other patients with possibly disease-causing variants in TTN were identified. Titin mutations were detected through targeted resequencing performed on DNA from 504 patients with muscular dystrophy, congenital myopathy, or other skeletal muscle disorders. Patients were enrolled from 10 clinical centers in April 2012 to December 2013. All of them had not received a diagnosis after undergoing an extensive investigation, including Sanger sequencing of candidate genes. The data analysis was performed between September 2013 and January 2017. Sequencing data were analyzed using an internal custom bioinformatics pipeline. Main Outcomes and Measures The identification of novel mutations in the TTN gene and novel patients with titinopathy. We performed an evaluation of putative causative variants in the TTN gene, combining genetic, clinical, and imaging data with messenger RNA and/or protein studies. Results Of the 9 novel patients with titinopathy, 5 (55.5%) were men and the mean (SD) age at onset was 25 (15.8) years (range, 0-46 years). Of the 4 other patients (3 men and 1 woman) with possibly disease-causing TTN variants, 2 (50%) had a congenital myopathy and 2 (50%) had a slowly progressive distal myopathy with onset in the second decade. Most of the identified mutations were previously unreported. However, all the variants, even the already described mutations, require careful clinical and molecular evaluation of probands and relatives. Heterozygous truncating variants or unique missense changes are not sufficient to make a diagnosis of titinopathy. Conclusions and Relevance The interpretation of TTN variants often requires further analyses, including a comprehensive evaluation of the clinical phenotype (deep phenotyping) as well as messenger RNA and protein studies. We propose a specific workflow for the clinical interpretation of genetic findings in titin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Savarese
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maggi
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute for Research and Health Care Foundation Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Vihola
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per Harald Jonson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giorgio Tasca
- Istituto di Neurologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli," Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ruggiero
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy
| | - Luca Bello
- Neuromuscular Center, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Magri
- Centro Dino Ferrari, Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione Institute for Research and Health Care Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Giugliano
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Annalaura Torella
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Anni Evilä
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giuseppina Di Fruscio
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Olivier Vanakker
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Gibertini
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute for Research and Health Care Foundation Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Liliana Vercelli
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggieri
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute for Research and Health Care Foundation Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Antozzi
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute for Research and Health Care Foundation Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Helena Luque
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sandra Janssens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria Barbara Pasanisi
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute for Research and Health Care Foundation Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorillo
- Pediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal, and Child Health; University of Genoa, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Ergoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Cardiomiologia e Genetica Medica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli, Italy
| | - Luisa Politano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Cardiomiologia e Genetica Medica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio Bruno
- Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disease, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Rubegni
- Medicina Molecolare, Institute for Research and Health Care Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marika Pane
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University and Nemo Roma Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo M Santorelli
- Medicina Molecolare, Institute for Research and Health Care Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Minetti
- Pediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal, and Child Health; University of Genoa, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Corrado Angelini
- Fondazione Hospital S.Camillo Institute for Research and Health Care, Venezia, Italy
| | - Jan De Bleecker
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maurizio Moggio
- Neuromuscular and Rare Disease Unit, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione Institute for Research and Health Care Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Tiziana Mongini
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Centro Dino Ferrari, Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione Institute for Research and Health Care Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Santoro
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University and Nemo Roma Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Neuromuscular Center, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marina Mora
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute for Research and Health Care Foundation Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Hackman
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
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Ankrd2 in Mechanotransduction and Oxidative Stress Response in Skeletal Muscle: New Cues for the Pathogenesis of Muscular Laminopathies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7318796. [PMID: 31428229 PMCID: PMC6681624 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7318796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ankrd2 (ankyrin repeats containing domain 2) or Arpp (ankyrin repeat, PEST sequence, and proline-rich region) is a member of the muscle ankyrin repeat protein family. Ankrd2 is mostly expressed in skeletal muscle, where it plays an intriguing role in the transcriptional response to stress induced by mechanical stimulation as well as by cellular reactive oxygen species. Our studies in myoblasts from Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 2, a LMNA-linked disease affecting skeletal and cardiac muscles, demonstrated that Ankrd2 is a lamin A-binding protein and that mutated lamins found in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy change the dynamics of Ankrd2 nuclear import, thus affecting oxidative stress response. In this review, besides describing the latest advances related to Ankrd2 studies, including novel discoveries on Ankrd2 isoform-specific functions, we report the main findings on the relationship of Ankrd2 with A-type lamins and discuss known and potential mechanisms involving defective Ankrd2-lamin A interplay in the pathogenesis of muscular laminopathies.
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35
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Jang JY, Park Y, Jang DH, Jang JH, Ryu JS. Two novel mutations in TTN of a patient with congenital myopathy: A case report. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e866. [PMID: 31332964 PMCID: PMC6687639 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early‐onset myopathies show a wide spectrum of phenotypes and are composed of various types of inherited neuromuscular diseases, making it difficult to diagnose. TTN mutation‐related myopathy is a known cause of early‐onset myopathy. Since a next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled sequencing of the vast amount of DNA, TTN, which is the longest coding sequence of any human gene, mutations can now be revealed. We report a 10‐year‐old female with severe congenital muscular weakness and delayed motor development since birth. Methods Next‐generation sequencing as well as electromyography and muscle biopsy were performed. Results To date, she is incapable of walking alone. Her younger sister had similar but more severe symptoms with respiratory failure. In electromyography, short‐duration, small‐amplitude motor unit action potential, and early recruitment patterns were observed in the involved proximal muscles, suggesting myopathy. Muscle histopathology showed a specific atrophy of increased fiber size variability, frequent nuclear internalization, as well as degeneration and regeneration of fibers with type I fiber predominance, consistent with the findings of a previous report about congenital titinopathy. A NGS study revealed two different possible pathogenic variants in TTN: (a) canonical splicing mutation in the intron 105 (c. 29963‐1G>C) and (b) frameshift and truncating mutation in the exon 339 (c.92812dup/p.Arg30938LysfsTer15). All variants were confirmed by conventional Sanger sequencing. Conclusion We propose that unbiased genomic sequencing can be helpful in screening patients with early‐onset myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Young Jang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yulhyun Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Jang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Ju Seok Ryu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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36
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Schwahn DJ, Pleitner JM, Greaser ML. Megaesophagus Is a Major Pathological Condition in Rats With a Large Deletion in the Rbm20 Gene. Vet Pathol 2019; 57:151-159. [PMID: 31221019 PMCID: PMC7221460 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819854224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A spontaneously arising, loss-of-function mutation in the RNA binding motif protein 20
(Rbm20) gene, which encodes a nuclear splicing protein,
was previously identified as the underlying reason for expression of an abnormally large
TITIN (TTN) protein in a rat model of cardiomyopathy. An outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa led to submission of rats with dyspnea, sneezing,
lethargy, nasal discharge, and/or unexpected death for diagnostic evaluation. Necropsy
revealed underlying megaesophagus in Rbm20–/–
rats. Further phenotyping of this rat strain and determination of the size of esophageal
TTN was undertaken. The Rbm20-defective rats developed
megaesophagus at an early age (26 weeks) with high frequency (13/32, 41%). They also often
exhibited secondary rhinitis (9/32, 28%), aspiration pneumonia (8/32, 25%), and otitis
media/interna (6/32, 19%). In addition, these rats had a high prevalence of hydronephrosis
(13/32, 41%). RBM20 is involved in splicing multiple RNA transcripts, one of which is the
muscle-specific protein TTN. Rbm20 mutations are a
significant cause of dilated cardiomyopathy in humans. In Rbm20-defective rats, TTN size was significantly increased in the skeletal
muscle of the esophagus. Megaesophagus in this rat strain (maintained on a mixed genetic
background) is hypothesized to result from altered TTN stretch signaling in esophageal
skeletal muscle. This study describes a novel mechanism for the development of
megaesophagus, which may be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of megaesophagus in
humans and offers insights into potential myogenic causes of this condition. This is the
first report of megaesophagus and other noncardiac pathogenic changes associated with
mutation of Rbm20 in any species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise J Schwahn
- Research Animal Resources Center and Muscle Biology Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Marion L Greaser
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Dowling P, Zweyer M, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Characterization of Contractile Proteins from Skeletal Muscle Using Gel-Based Top-Down Proteomics. Proteomes 2019; 7:proteomes7020025. [PMID: 31226838 PMCID: PMC6631179 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes7020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mass spectrometric analysis of skeletal muscle proteins has used both peptide-centric and protein-focused approaches. The term 'top-down proteomics' is often used in relation to studying purified proteoforms and their post-translational modifications. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, in combination with peptide generation for the identification and characterization of intact proteoforms being present in two-dimensional spots, plays a critical role in specific applications of top-down proteomics. A decisive bioanalytical advantage of gel-based and top-down approaches is the initial bioanalytical focus on intact proteins, which usually enables the swift identification and detailed characterisation of specific proteoforms. In this review, we describe the usage of two-dimensional gel electrophoretic top-down proteomics and related approaches for the systematic analysis of key components of the contractile apparatus, with a special focus on myosin heavy and light chains and their associated regulatory proteins. The detailed biochemical analysis of proteins belonging to the thick and thin skeletal muscle filaments has decisively improved our biochemical understanding of structure-function relationships within the contractile apparatus. Gel-based and top-down proteomics has clearly established a variety of slow and fast isoforms of myosin, troponin and tropomyosin as excellent markers of fibre type specification and dynamic muscle transition processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, W23F2H6 Co. Kildare, Ireland.
- MU Human Health Research Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, W23F2H6 Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Margit Zweyer
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, W23F2H6 Co. Kildare, Ireland.
- MU Human Health Research Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, W23F2H6 Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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38
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Tomalka A, Röhrle O, Han JC, Pham T, Taberner AJ, Siebert T. Extensive eccentric contractions in intact cardiac trabeculae: revealing compelling differences in contractile behaviour compared to skeletal muscles. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190719. [PMID: 31138072 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Force enhancement (FE) is a phenomenon that is present in skeletal muscle. It is characterized by progressive forces upon active stretching-distinguished by a linear rise in force-and enhanced isometric force following stretching (residual FE (RFE)). In skeletal muscle, non-cross-bridge (XB) structures may account for this behaviour. So far, it is unknown whether differences between non-XB structures within the heart and skeletal muscle result in deviating contractile behaviour during and after eccentric contractions. Thus, we investigated the force response of intact cardiac trabeculae during and after isokinetic eccentric muscle contractions (10% of maximum shortening velocity) with extensive magnitudes of stretch (25% of optimum muscle length). The different contributions of XB and non-XB structures to the total muscle force were revealed by using an actomyosin inhibitor. For cardiac trabeculae, we found that the force-length dynamics during long stretch were similar to the total isometric force-length relation. This indicates that no (R)FE is present in cardiac muscle while stretching the muscle from 0.75 to 1.0 optimum muscle length. This finding is in contrast with the results obtained for skeletal muscle, in which (R)FE is present. Our data support the hypothesis that titin stiffness does not increase with activation in cardiac muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Tomalka
- 1 Department of Motion and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Oliver Röhrle
- 2 Institute of Applied Mechanics (Civil Engineering), University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany.,3 Cluster of Excellence for Simulation Technology (SimTech) , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - June-Chiew Han
- 4 Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Toan Pham
- 5 Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Andrew J Taberner
- 4 Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.,6 Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Tobias Siebert
- 1 Department of Motion and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany
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39
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Algahtani H, Shirah B, Algahtani R, Al-Qahtani MH, Abdulkareem AA, Naseer MI. A novel mutation in TTN gene in a Saudi patient with bilateral facial weakness and scapular winging. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2019; 8:142-145. [PMID: 31218166 PMCID: PMC6557229 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2019.01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Titin (TTN) is a large gene with 363 exons that encodes a large abundant protein (longest known polypeptide in nature) that is expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscles. TTN has an important role in the sarcomere organization, assembly of muscles, transmission of the force at the Z-line, passive myocyte stiffness, and resting tension maintenance in the I-band region. Mutation in extreme C terminus of TTN, situated at the end of M-band of the TTN in chromosome 2q31, results in tibial muscular dystrophy (TMD), also called Udd Distal Myopathy, which is an autosomal dominant distal myopathy. In this article, we report a novel mutation in TTN gene in a Saudi patient with bilateral facial weakness and scapular winging. This report adds to the literature a heterozygous missense variant c.85652C>G, p.(Pro28551Arg) in TTN gene, which may be related to genes that cause the disease, but more case validation is needed. The novel mutation described in the present study widened the genetic spectrum of TTN-associated diseases, which may benefit studies addressing this disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Algahtani
- King Abdulaziz Medical City / King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Address correspondence to:Dr. Hussein Algahtani, King Abdulaziz Medical City/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box: 12723, Jeddah 21483, Saudi Arabia. Contact No.: 00966556633130. E-mail:
| | - Bader Shirah
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Algahtani
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad H. Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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40
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Shenkman BS, Zinovyeva OE, Belova SP, Mirzoev TM, Vilchinskaya NA, Vikhlyantsev IM, Ulanova AD, Turtikova OV, Samkhaeva ND, Parfenov VA, Barinov AN, Nemirovskaya TL. Cellular and molecular signatures of alcohol-induced myopathy in women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E967-E976. [PMID: 30912963 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00513.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic myopathy is characterized by the reduction in cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle fibers and impaired anabolic signaling. The goal of the current study was to investigate the causes and compare the changes in CSA and fiber type composition with the modifications of anabolic and catabolic signaling pathways at the early stages of chronic alcohol consumption in women. Skeletal muscle samples from 5 female patients with alcohol abuse (AL; 43 ± 5 yr old; alcohol abuse duration 5,6 ± 0,6 yr) were compared with the muscle from the control group of 8 healthy women (C; 35 ± 4 yr old). The average daily dose of alcohol consumption was 110 ± 10 ml of pure ethanol. In women patients, a significant decrease in CSA of type I and II muscle fibers, titin and nebulin content, plasma IGF-1 level and total IRS-1, p-Akt and p-4E-BP1 in vastus lateralis was found in comparison with the control group. The p-AMPK level was found to be increased versus the control group. In women patients with chronic alcoholic myopathy 1) both fast and slow muscle fibers are subjected to atrophy; 2) impairments in IGF-I-dependent signaling and pathways controlling translation initiation (AMPK/mTOR/4E-BP1), but not translation elongation, are observed; 3) the level of calpain-1 and ubiquitinated proteins increases, unlike E3 ligases content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga E Zinovyeva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health , Moscow , Russia
| | | | | | | | - Ivan M Vikhlyantsev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics , Pushchino , Russia
- Pushchino State Institute of Natural Science , Pushchino , Russia
| | - Anna D Ulanova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics , Pushchino , Russia
- Pushchino State Institute of Natural Science , Pushchino , Russia
| | | | - Nudlya D Samkhaeva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health , Moscow , Russia
| | - Vladimir A Parfenov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health , Moscow , Russia
| | - Alexey N Barinov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health , Moscow , Russia
- Interventional Medicine Aсademy, Moscow , Russia
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41
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Murphy S, Zweyer M, Raucamp M, Henry M, Meleady P, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Proteomic profiling of the mouse diaphragm and refined mass spectrometric analysis of the dystrophic phenotype. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 40:9-28. [PMID: 30888583 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The diaphragm is a crucial muscle involved in active inspiration and whole body homeostasis. Previous biochemical, immunochemical and cell biological investigations have established the distribution and fibre type-specific expression of key diaphragm proteins. Building on these findings, it was of interest to establish the entire experimentally assessable diaphragm proteome and verify the presence of specific protein isoforms within this specialized subtype of skeletal muscle. A highly sensitive Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer was used for the systematic identification of the mouse diaphragm-associated protein population. Proteomics established 2925 proteins by high confidence peptide identification. Bioinformatics was used to determine the distribution of the main protein classes, biological processes and subcellular localization within the diaphragm proteome. Following the establishment of the respiratory muscle proteome with special emphasis on protein isoform expression in the contractile apparatus, the extra-sarcomeric cytoskeleton, the extracellular matrix and the excitation-contraction coupling apparatus, the mass spectrometric analysis of the diaphragm was extended to the refined identification of proteome-wide changes in X-linked muscular dystrophy. The comparative mass spectrometric profiling of the dystrophin-deficient diaphragm from the mdx-4cv mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy identified 289 decreased and 468 increased protein species. Bioinformatics was employed to analyse the clustering of changes in protein classes and potential alterations in interaction patterns of proteins involved in metabolism, the contractile apparatus, proteostasis and the extracellular matrix. The detailed pathoproteomic profiling of the mdx-4cv diaphragm suggests highly complex alterations in a variety of crucial cellular processes due to deficiency in the membrane cytoskeletal protein dystrophin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Murphy
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Margit Zweyer
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maren Raucamp
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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42
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Murphy S, Dowling P, Zweyer M, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Proteomic profiling of giant skeletal muscle proteins. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:241-256. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1575205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Murphy
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Margit Zweyer
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
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43
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A Systematic Review of Continuum Modeling of Skeletal Muscles: Current Trends, Limitations, and Recommendations. Appl Bionics Biomech 2018; 2018:7631818. [PMID: 30627216 PMCID: PMC6305050 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7631818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Finite elasticity theory has been commonly used to model skeletal muscle. A very large range of heterogeneous constitutive laws has been proposed. In this review, the most widely used continuum models of skeletal muscles were synthetized and discussed. Trends and limitations of these laws were highlighted to propose new recommendations for future researches. A systematic review process was performed using two reliable search engines as PubMed and ScienceDirect. 40 representative studies (13 passive muscle materials and 27 active muscle materials) were included into this review. Note that exclusion criteria include tendon models, analytical models, 1D geometrical models, supplement papers, and indexed conference papers. Trends of current skeletal muscle modeling relate to 3D accurate muscle representation, parameter identification in passive muscle modeling, and the integration of coupled biophysical phenomena. Parameter identification for active materials, assumed fiber distribution, data assumption, and model validation are current drawbacks. New recommendations deal with the incorporation of multimodal data derived from medical imaging, the integration of more biophysical phenomena, and model reproducibility. Accounting for data uncertainty in skeletal muscle modeling will be also a challenging issue. This review provides, for the first time, a holistic view of current continuum models of skeletal muscles to identify potential gaps of current models according to the physiology of skeletal muscle. This opens new avenues for improving skeletal muscle modeling in the framework of in silico medicine.
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44
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Potrzebowski W, Trewhella J, Andre I. Bayesian inference of protein conformational ensembles from limited structural data. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006641. [PMID: 30557358 PMCID: PMC6312354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many proteins consist of folded domains connected by regions with higher flexibility. The details of the resulting conformational ensemble play a central role in controlling interactions between domains and with binding partners. Small-Angle Scattering (SAS) is well-suited to study the conformational states adopted by proteins in solution. However, analysis is complicated by the limited information content in SAS data and care must be taken to avoid constructing overly complex ensemble models and fitting to noise in the experimental data. To address these challenges, we developed a method based on Bayesian statistics that infers conformational ensembles from a structural library generated by all-atom Monte Carlo simulations. The first stage of the method involves a fast model selection based on variational Bayesian inference that maximizes the model evidence of the selected ensemble. This is followed by a complete Bayesian inference of population weights in the selected ensemble. Experiments with simulated ensembles demonstrate that model evidence is capable of identifying the correct ensemble and that correct number of ensemble members can be recovered up to high level of noise. Using experimental data, we demonstrate how the method can be extended to include data from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and structural energies of conformers extracted from the all-atom energy functions. We show that the data from SAXS, NMR chemical shifts and energies calculated from conformers can work synergistically to improve the definition of the conformational ensemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Potrzebowski
- Data Management and Software Centre, European Spallation Source ERIC, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jill Trewhella
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ingemar Andre
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
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45
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Rall JA. What makes skeletal muscle striated? Discoveries in the endosarcomeric and exosarcomeric cytoskeleton. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2018; 42:672-684. [PMID: 30431326 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00152.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
One of the most iconic images in biology is the cross-striated appearance of a skeletal muscle fiber. The repeating band pattern shows that all of the sarcomeres are the same length. All of the A bands are the same length and are located in the middle of the sarcomeres. Furthermore, all of the myofibrils are transversely aligned across the muscle fiber. It has been known for 300 yr that skeletal muscle is striated, but only in the last 40 yr has a molecular understanding of the striations emerged. In the 1950s it was discovered that the extraction of myosin from myofibrils abolished the A bands, and the myofibrils were no longer striated. With the further extraction of actin, only the Z disks remained. Strangely, the sarcomere length did not change, and these "ghost" myofibrils still exhibited elastic behavior. The breakthrough came in the 1970s with the discovery of the gigantic protein titin. Titin, an elastic protein ~1 µm in length, runs from the Z disk to the middle of the A band and ensures that each sarcomere is the same length. Titin anchors the A band in the middle of the sarcomere and may determine thick-filament length and thus A-band length. In the 1970s it was proposed that the intermediate filament desmin, which surrounds the Z disks, connects adjacent myofibrils, resulting in the striated appearance of a skeletal muscle fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Rall
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
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Wackerhage H, Schoenfeld BJ, Hamilton DL, Lehti M, Hulmi JJ. Stimuli and sensors that initiate skeletal muscle hypertrophy following resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 126:30-43. [PMID: 30335577 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00685.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most striking adaptations to exercise is the skeletal muscle hypertrophy that occurs in response to resistance exercise. A large body of work shows that a mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-mediated increase of muscle protein synthesis is the key, but not sole, mechanism by which resistance exercise causes muscle hypertrophy. While much of the hypertrophy signaling cascade has been identified, the initiating, resistance exercise-induced and hypertrophy-stimulating stimuli have remained elusive. For the purpose of this review, we define an initiating, resistance exercise-induced and hypertrophy-stimulating signal as "hypertrophy stimulus," and the sensor of such a signal as "hypertrophy sensor." In this review we discuss our current knowledge of specific mechanical stimuli, damage/injury-associated and metabolic stress-associated triggers, as potential hypertrophy stimuli. Mechanical signals are the prime hypertrophy stimuli candidates, and a filamin-C-BAG3-dependent regulation of mTORC1, Hippo, and autophagy signaling is a plausible albeit still incompletely characterized hypertrophy sensor. Other candidate mechanosensing mechanisms are nuclear deformation-initiated signaling or several mechanisms related to costameres, which are the functional equivalents of focal adhesions in other cells. While exercise-induced muscle damage is probably not essential for hypertrophy, it is still unclear whether and how such muscle damage could augment a hypertrophic response. Interventions that combine blood flow restriction and especially low load resistance exercise suggest that resistance exercise-regulated metabolites could be hypertrophy stimuli, but this is based on indirect evidence and metabolite candidates are poorly characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Wackerhage
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | | | - D Lee Hamilton
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University , Victoria , Australia
| | - Maarit Lehti
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland
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Satkunskiene D, Ratkevicius A, Kamandulis S, Venckunas T. Effects of myostatin on the mechanical properties of muscles during repeated active lengthening in the mouse. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 44:381-388. [PMID: 30222937 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate how myostatin dysfunction affects fast and slow muscle stiffness and viscosity during severe repeated loading. Isolated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles of young adult female mice of the BEH (dysfunctional myostatin) and BEH+/+ (functional myostatin) strains were subjected to 100 contraction-stretching loading cycles during which contractile and mechanical properties were assessed. BEH mice exhibited greater exercise-induced muscle damage, although the effect was muscle- and age-dependent and limited to the early phases of simulated exercise. The relative reduction of the EDL muscle isometric force recorded during the initial 10-30 loading cycles was greater in BEH mice than in BEH+/+ mice and exceeded that of the soleus muscle of either strain. The induced damage was associated with lower muscle stiffness. The effects of myostatin on the mechanical properties of muscles depend on muscle type and maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danguole Satkunskiene
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aivaras Ratkevicius
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sigitas Kamandulis
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Venckunas
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Yoshihisa A, Kiko T, Sato T, Oikawa M, Kobayashi A, Takeishi Y. Urinary N-terminal fragment of titin is a marker to diagnose muscular dystrophy in patients with cardiomyopathy. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 484:226-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sun H, Zhou Z, Dong Y, Yang A, Pan Y, Jiang J, Chen Z, Guan X, Wang B, Gao S, Jiang B. In-depth profiling of miRNA regulation in the body wall of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus during skin ulceration syndrome progression. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 79:202-208. [PMID: 29763733 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that mediate mRNA degradation or translation repression. Previous study showed that the expression of miRNAs was significantly changed in the body wall of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus after skin ulceration syndrome (SUS) infection, which is a dynamic process. However, the critical miRNAs from body wall that involved in different infection stages of SUS remain unknown. In this study, four cDNA libraries were constructed with the body wall from healthy and three SUS-infected stages of A. japonicus. A total of 248 conserved miRNAs and five novel miRNAs were identified through Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Compared to the control, 238 miRNAs showed significant differential expression at three stages of SUS progression. Totally, 3149 miRNA-mRNA pairs were identified by target prediction and 314 miRNA-mRNA pairs showed negative correlation. It is noteworthy that 15 miRNAs and four mRNAs were located at the crucial positions of the network built with the anti-correlated miRNA-mRNA pairs. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the predicted targets were involved in many immune-related processes. Deep analysis of miR-31c-5p, miR-29b-3p, NF-kB, mucin 2 and titin showed that they may play important roles in the pathogens attachment and recognition, signaling transduction and lesions repair of A. japonicus after SUS infection. These results would be useful for further investigating the potential roles of critical miRNAs and mRNAs in A. japonicus immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Sun
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Zunchun Zhou
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China.
| | - Ying Dong
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Aifu Yang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Yongjia Pan
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Bai Wang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Shan Gao
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Bei Jiang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
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Ato S, Makanae Y, Kido K, Sase K, Yoshii N, Fujita S. The effect of different acute muscle contraction regimens on the expression of muscle proteolytic signaling proteins and genes. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/15/e13364. [PMID: 28778992 PMCID: PMC5555890 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that different modes of muscle contraction (i.e., eccentric or concentric contraction) with similar contraction times can affect muscle proteolytic responses. However, the effect of different contraction modes on muscle proteolytic response under the same force-time integral (FTI: contraction force × time) has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different contraction modes, with the same FTI, on acute proteolytic signaling responses. Eleven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to eccentric (EC), concentric (CC), or isometric contraction (IC) groups. Different modes of muscle contraction were performed on the right gastrocnemius muscle using electrical stimulation, with the left muscle acting as a control. In order to apply an equivalent FTI, the number of stimulation sets was modified between the groups. Muscle samples were taken immediately and three hours after exercise. Phosphorylation of FoxO3a at Ser253 was significantly increased immediately after exercise compared to controls irrespective of contraction mode. The mRNA levels of the ubiquitin ligases, MuRF1, and MAFbx mRNA were unchanged by contraction mode or time. Phosphorylation of ULK1 at Ser317 (positive regulatory site) and Ser757 (negative regulatory site) was significantly increased compared to controls, immediately or 3 h after exercise, in all contraction modes. The autophagy markers (LC3B-II/I ratio and p62 expression) were unchanged, regardless of contraction mode. These data suggest that differences in contraction mode during resistance exercise with a constant FTI, are not factors in regulating proteolytic signaling in the early phase of skeletal muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Ato
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yuhei Makanae
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kohei Kido
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kohei Sase
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Naomi Yoshii
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
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