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Holden CA, McAinsh M, Taylor JE, Beckett P, Martin FL. Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy reveals environment specific phenotypes in clonal Japanese knotweed. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:769. [PMID: 39135189 PMCID: PMC11321083 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica var. japonica), a problematic invasive species, has a wide geographical distribution. We have previously shown the potential for attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics to segregate regional differentiation between Japanese knotweed plants. However, the contribution of environment to spectral differences remains unclear. Herein, the response of Japanese knotweed to varied environmental habitats has been studied. Eight unique growth environments were created by manipulation of the red: far-red light ratio (R: FR), water availability, nitrogen, and micronutrients. Their impacts on plant growth, photosynthetic parameters, and ATR-FTIR spectral profiles, were explored using chemometric techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis, support vector machines (SVM) and partial least squares regression. Key wavenumbers responsible for spectral differences were identified with PCA loadings, and molecular biomarkers were assigned. Partial least squared regression (PLSR) of spectral absorbance and root water potential (RWP) data was used to create a predictive model for RWP. RESULTS Spectra from plants grown in different environments were differentiated using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with SVM. Biomarkers highlighted through PCA loadings corresponded to several molecules, most commonly cell wall carbohydrates, suggesting that these wavenumbers could be consistent indicators of plant stress across species. R: FR most affected the ATR-FTIR spectra of intact dried leaf material. PLSR prediction of root water potential achieved an R2 of 0.8, supporting the potential use of ATR-FTIR spectrometers as sensors for prediction of plant physiological parameters. CONCLUSIONS Japanese knotweed exhibits environmentally induced phenotypes, indicated by measurable differences in their ATR-FTIR spectra. This high environmental plasticity reflected by key biomolecular changes may contribute to its success as an invasive species. Light quality (R: FR) appears critical in defining the growth and spectral response to environment. Cross-species conservation of biomarkers suggest that they could function as indicators of plant-environment interactions including abiotic stress responses and plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Holden
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | - Martin McAinsh
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Jane E Taylor
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | | | - Francis L Martin
- Biocel Ltd, Hull, HU10 7TS, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Whinney Heys Road, Blackpool, FY3 8NR, UK
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Holden CA, McAinsh MR, Taylor JE, Beckett P, Albacete A, Martínez-Andújar C, Morais CLM, Martin FL. Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for the prediction of hormone concentrations in plants. Analyst 2024; 149:3380-3395. [PMID: 38712606 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01817b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Plant hormones are important in the control of physiological and developmental processes including seed germination, senescence, flowering, stomatal aperture, and ultimately the overall growth and yield of plants. Many currently available methods to quantify such growth regulators quickly and accurately require extensive sample purification using complex analytic techniques. Herein we used ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) to create and validate the prediction of hormone concentrations made using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectral profiles of both freeze-dried ground leaf tissue and extracted xylem sap of Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica) plants grown under different environmental conditions. In addition to these predictions made with partial least squares regression, further analysis of spectral data was performed using chemometric techniques, including principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and support vector machines (SVM). Plants grown in different environments had sufficiently different biochemical profiles, including plant hormonal compounds, to allow successful differentiation by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with SVM. ATR-FTIR spectral biomarkers highlighted a range of biomolecules responsible for the differing spectral signatures between growth environments, such as triacylglycerol, proteins and amino acids, tannins, pectin, polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose, DNA and RNA. Using partial least squares regression, we show the potential for accurate prediction of plant hormone concentrations from ATR-FTIR spectral profiles, calibrated with hormonal data quantified by UHPLC-HRMS. The application of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics offers accurate prediction of hormone concentrations in plant samples, with advantages over existing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Holden
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Martin R McAinsh
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Jane E Taylor
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | | | - Alfonso Albacete
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Research and Development of Murcia (IMIDA), Department of Plant Production and Agrotechnology, C/ Mayor s/n, La Alberca, E-30150 Murcia, Spain
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Camilo L M Morais
- Center for Education, Science and Technology of the Inhamuns Region, State University of Ceará, Tauá 63660-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Francis L Martin
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Whinney Heys Road, Blackpool FY3 8NR, UK.
- Biocel UK Ltd, Hull HU10 6TS, UK
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Nota A, Bertolino S, Tiralongo F, Santovito A. Adaptation to bioinvasions: When does it occur? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17362. [PMID: 38822565 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The presence of alien species represents a major cause of habitat degradation and biodiversity loss worldwide, constituting a critical environmental challenge of our time. Despite sometimes experiencing reduced propagule pressure, leading to a reduced genetic diversity and an increased chance of inbreeding depression, alien invaders are often able to thrive in the habitats of introduction, giving rise to the so-called "genetic paradox" of biological invasions. The adaptation of alien species to the new habitats is therefore a complex aspect of biological invasions, encompassing genetic, epigenetic, and ecological processes. Albeit numerous studies and reviews investigated the mechanistic foundation of the invaders' success, and aimed to solve the genetic paradox, still remains a crucial oversight regarding the temporal context in which adaptation takes place. Given the profound knowledge and management implications, this neglected aspect of invasion biology should receive more attention when examining invaders' ability to thrive in the habitats of introduction. Here, we discuss the adaptation mechanisms exhibited by alien species with the purpose of highlighting the timing of their occurrence during the invasion process. We analyze each stage of the invasion separately, providing evidence that adaptation mechanisms play a role in all of them. However, these mechanisms vary across the different stages of invasion, and are also influenced by other factors, such as the transport speed, the reproduction type of the invader, and the presence of human interventions. Finally, we provide insights into the implications for management, and identify knowledge gaps, suggesting avenues for future research that can shed light on species adaptability. This, in turn, will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of biological invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Nota
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Ente Fauna Marina Mediterranea, Scientific Organization for Research and Conservation of Marine Biodiversity, Avola, Italy
| | - Sandro Bertolino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Tiralongo
- Ente Fauna Marina Mediterranea, Scientific Organization for Research and Conservation of Marine Biodiversity, Avola, Italy
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alfredo Santovito
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Sun H, Liu T, Wang J, Zhai D, Yu J. Evaluation of two deep learning-based approaches for detecting weeds growing in cabbage. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2817-2826. [PMID: 38323798 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Machine vision-based precision weed management is a promising solution to substantially reduce herbicide input and weed control cost. The objective of this research was to compare two different deep learning-based approaches for detecting weeds in cabbage: (1) detecting weeds directly, and (2) detecting crops by generating the bounding boxes covering the crops and any green pixels outside the bounding boxes were deemed as weeds. RESULTS The precision, recall, F1-score, mAP0.5, mAP0.5:0.95 of You Only Look Once (YOLO) v5 for detecting cabbage were 0.986, 0.979, 0.982, 0.995, and 0.851, respectively, while these metrics were 0.973, 0.985, 0.979, 0.993, and 0.906 for YOLOv8, respectively. However, none of these metrics exceeded 0.891 when detecting weeds. The reduced performances for directly detecting weeds could be attributed to the diverse weed species at varying densities and growth stages with different plant morphologies. A segmentation procedure demonstrated its effectiveness for extracting weeds outside the bounding boxes covering the crops, and thereby realizing effective indirect weed detection. CONCLUSION The indirect weed detection approach demands less manpower as the need for constructing a large training dataset containing a variety of weed species is unnecessary. However, in a certain case, weeds are likely to remain undetected due to their growth in close proximity with crops and being situated within the predicted bounding boxes that encompass the crops. The models generated in this research can be used in conjunction with the machine vision subsystem of a smart sprayer or mechanical weeder. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Sun
- Shandong Provincial University Laboratory for Protected Horticulture, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, China
| | - Teng Liu
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Jinxu Wang
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Danlan Zhai
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Jialin Yu
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, China
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Dettler MA, Barrientos GN, Ansa MA, Martínez E, Vazquez FA, Santadino MV, Coviella CE, Riquelme Virgala MB. A Performance Index as a Measure of the Host Suitability to Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:29-37. [PMID: 37831358 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01090-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, known as spotted wing drosophila (SWD), is an Asiatic invasive fruit pest that has spread over the world in the last 15 years, due to its high reproductive rate, its tolerance to different environmental conditions, the international fruit trade, and its wide range of host plants. In Buenos Aires, Argentina, blueberry is a major susceptible crop, although other cultivated and non-cultivated fruit species are frequent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the host suitability of commercial and non-cultivated fruit species (blueberries, plums, mulberries, and cherries) at two stages of maturity by estimating an index that takes into account biological and biometric parameters. The development and survival of SWD cohorts reared on different fruits were followed from egg to adult emergence. Then, adults were sexed and some biometric traits were measured. The indices: Wing loading, Wing aspect, and the Relative Performance Index (RPI) were estimated. The shortest developmental time and the maximum egg to adult survival were observed in the specimens developed in mulberry, in both stages of maturity. Only the length of the thorax showed significant differences between treatments in both sexes, and the largest adults were those reared in the ripe mulberries. The RPI, which relates performance and biometric variables, was the best index to evaluate the host suitability of SWD. So, it could be used as an indicator of the nutritional quality of fruits available in a region and to evaluate the importance of alternative hosts in the population dynamic of SWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Antonela Dettler
- Departamento de Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Grupo de Investigación de Bioecología de Artrópodos de Importancia Agrícola, Departamento de Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gualterio Nicolas Barrientos
- Departamento de Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Grupo de Investigación de Bioecología de Artrópodos de Importancia Agrícola, Departamento de Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Agustina Ansa
- Departamento de Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Grupo de Investigación de Bioecología de Artrópodos de Importancia Agrícola, Departamento de Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (UNLu-CONICET), Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires (FAUBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilia Martínez
- Departamento de Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Grupo de Investigación de Bioecología de Artrópodos de Importancia Agrícola, Departamento de Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (UNLu-CONICET), Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Anabella Vazquez
- Departamento de Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Grupo de Investigación de Bioecología de Artrópodos de Importancia Agrícola, Departamento de Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Insectario de Investigaciones en Lucha Biológica (IMYZA-INTA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Vilma Santadino
- Departamento de Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Grupo de Investigación de Bioecología de Artrópodos de Importancia Agrícola, Departamento de Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (UNLu-CONICET), Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Eduardo Coviella
- Grupo de Investigación de Bioecología de Artrópodos de Importancia Agrícola, Departamento de Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (UNLu-CONICET), Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Begoña Riquelme Virgala
- Departamento de Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Grupo de Investigación de Bioecología de Artrópodos de Importancia Agrícola, Departamento de Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (UNLu-CONICET), Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires (FAUBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Jiang H, Zhang Y, Tu W, Sun G, Wu N, Zhang Y. The General Trends of Genetic Diversity Change in Alien Plants' Invasion. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2690. [PMID: 37514304 PMCID: PMC10385407 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Genetic diversity is associated with invasion dynamics during establishment and expansion stages by affecting the viability and adaptive potential of exotics. There have been many reports on the comparison between the genetic diversity of invasive alien species (IAS) in and out of their native habitats, but the conclusions were usually inconsistent. In this work, a standard meta-analysis of the genetic diversity of 19 invasive plants based on 26 previous studies was carried out to investigate the general trend for the change of IASs' genetic diversity during their invasion process and its real correlation with the invasion fate. Those 26 studies were screened from a total of 3557 peer-reviewed publications from the ISI Web of Science database during the period of January 2000 to May 2022. Based on the selected studies in this work, a general reduction of IASs' genetic diversity was found in non-native populations compared to that in native ones, while the difference was not significant. This finding suggested that regardless of the change in genetic diversity, it had no substantial effect on the outcome of the invasion process. Therefore, genetic diversity might not serve as a reliable indicator for risk assessment and prediction of invasion dynamic prediction in the case of IASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jiang
- China-Croatia 'Belt and Road' Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- China-Croatia 'Belt and Road' Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenqin Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Geng Sun
- China-Croatia 'Belt and Road' Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ning Wu
- China-Croatia 'Belt and Road' Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongmei Zhang
- China-Croatia 'Belt and Road' Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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Holt SD, Sigel EM, Sutherland BL, Schwartsburd PB, Beck JB. What is Salvinia molesta (Salviniaceae)? Determining the maternal progenitor and genetic diversity of the clonal invasive fern giant salvinia. Biol Invasions 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-023-03028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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8
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Harms NE, Knight IA, DeRossette AB, Williams DA. Intraspecific trait plasticity to N and P of the wetland invader, Alternanthera philoxeroides under flooded conditions. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9966. [PMID: 37013102 PMCID: PMC10065980 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between invaders and resource availability may explain variation in their success or management efficacy. For widespread invaders, regional variation in plant response to nutrients can reflect phenotypic plasticity of the invader, genetic structure of invading populations, or a combination of the two. The wetland weed Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligatorweed) is established throughout the southeastern United States and California and has high genetic diversity despite primarily spreading clonally. Despite its history in the United States, the role of genetic variation for invasion and management success is only now being uncovered. To better understand how nutrients and genotype may influence A. philoxeroides invasion, we measured the response of plants from 26 A. philoxeroides populations (three cp haplotypes) to combinations of nitrogen (4 or 200 mg/L N) and phosphorus (0.4 or 40 mg/L P). We measured productivity (biomass accumulation and allocation), plant architecture (stem diameter and thickness, branching intensity), and foliar traits (toughness, dry matter content, percent N, and percent P). A short-term developmental assay was also conducted by feeding a subset of plants from the nutrient experiment to the biological control agent Agasicles hygrophila, to determine whether increased availability of N or P to its host influenced agent performance, as has been previously suggested. Alternanthera philoxeroides haplotype Ap1 was more plastic than other haplotypes in response to nutrient amendments, producing more than double the biomass from low to high N and 50%-68% higher shoot: root ratio than other haplotypes in the high N treatment. Alternanthera philoxeroides haplotypes differed in seven of 10 variables in response to increased N. We found no differences in short-term A. hygrophila development between haplotypes but mass was 23% greater in high than low N treatments. This study is the first to explore the interplay between nutrient availability, genetic variation, and phenotypic plasticity in invasive characteristics of the global invader, A. philoxeroides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan E. Harms
- Aquatic Ecology and Invasive Species BranchUS Army Engineer Research and Development Center201 E. Jones St.LewisvilleTexas75057USA
| | - Ian A. Knight
- Aquatic Ecology and Invasive Species BranchUS Army Engineer Research and Development Center3909 Halls Ferry Rd.VicksburgMississippi39180USA
| | - A. Blake DeRossette
- Aquatic Ecology and Invasive Species BranchUS Army Engineer Research and Development Center3909 Halls Ferry Rd.VicksburgMississippi39180USA
| | - Dean A. Williams
- Department of BiologyTexas Christian UniversityFort WorthTexasUSA
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9
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Preston R, Rodil IF. Genetic characteristics influence the phenotype of marine macroalga Fucus vesiculosus (Phaeophyceae). Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9788. [PMID: 36744077 PMCID: PMC9889845 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific variation is an important component of heterogeneity in biological systems that can manifest at the genotypic and phenotypic level. This study investigates the influence of genetic characteristics on the phenotype of free-living Fucus vesiculosus using traditional morphological measures and microsatellite genotyping. Two sympatric morphotypes were observed to be significantly genetically and morphologically differentiated despite experiencing analogous local environmental conditions; indicating a genetic element to F. vesiculosus morphology. Additionally, the observed intraclonal variation established divergent morphology within some genets. This demonstrated that clonal lineages have the ability to alter morphological traits by either a plastic response or somatic mutations. We provide support for the potential occurrence of the Gigas effect (cellular/organ enlargement through genome duplication) in the Fucus genus, with polyploidization appearing to correlate with a general increase in the size of morphological features. Phenotypic traits, as designated by morphology within the study, of F. vesiculosus are partially controlled by the genetic characteristics of the thalli. This study suggests that largely asexually reproducing algal populations may have the potential to adapt to changing environmental conditions through genome changes or phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Preston
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Tvärminne Zoological StationUniversity of HelsinkiHankoFinland
| | - Iván F. Rodil
- Tvärminne Zoological StationUniversity of HelsinkiHankoFinland,Department of Biology, INMARUniversity of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR)CádizSpain
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10
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Zhang LM, Roiloa SR, Zhang JF, Yu WH, Qiu CY, Wang DH, Yu FH. Clonal Parental Effects on Offspring Growth of Different Vegetative Generations in the Aquatic Plant Pistia stratiotes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:890309. [PMID: 35832222 PMCID: PMC9272891 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.890309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Parental (environmental) effects can modify the growth of offspring, which may play an essential role in their adaptation to environmental variation. While numerous studies have tested parental effects on offspring growth, most have considered offspring growth of only one generation and very few have considered offspring growth of different generations. We conducted a greenhouse experiment with an aquatic clonal plant Pistia stratiotes. We grew a single ramet of P. stratiotes under low or high nutrients, the initial (parent) ramets produced three different generations of offspring ramets, and these offspring ramets were also subjected to the same two nutrient levels. High nutrients currently experienced by the offspring increased biomass accumulation and ramet number of all three offspring generations of P. stratiotes. However, these positive effects on biomass were greater when the offspring ramets originated from the parent ramets grown under low nutrients than when they were produced by the parent ramets grown under high nutrients. These results suggest that parental effects can impact the performance of different offspring generations of clonal plants. However, heavier offspring ramets produced under high nutrients in parental conditions did not increase the subsequent growth of the offspring generations. This finding indicates that parental provisioning in favorable conditions may not always increase offspring growth, partly depending on root allocation but not ramet size such as ramet biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Zhang
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Sergio R. Roiloa
- BioCost Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jia-Fan Zhang
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Wen-Han Yu
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Chen-Yan Qiu
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Dan-Hao Wang
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
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11
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Effects of Clonal Integration on Foraging Behavior of Three Clonal Plants in Heterogeneous Soil Environments. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13050696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Environments are ubiquitously heterogeneous in nature, and clonal plants commonly benefit from both clonal integration and foraging responses in heterogeneous environments. While many studies have examined clonal integration and foraging responses separately, few have tested the effect of clonal integration on the foraging response of clonal plants to environmental heterogeneity. We grew offspring ramets of each of three clonal plants (Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Duchesnea indica, and Glechoma longituba) in both homogeneous and heterogenous soil environments and severed their stem connection to a mother ramet (to prevent clonal integration from the mother ramet) or kept it intact (to allow clonal integration). Without clonal integration from the mother ramet, soil heterogeneity had no effect on biomass or number of ramets for any of the three species. With clonal integration, soil heterogeneity also had no effect on biomass or number of ramets of D. indica and G. longituba, but significantly decreased biomass and marginally significantly decreased number of ramets of H. vulgaris. Without clonal integration, offspring ramets did not demonstrate either shoot or root foraging responses in terms of total, shoot and root biomass and ramet number in the heterogeneous soil environment in any of the three species. With integration, offspring ramets of H. vulgaris also did not demonstrate either root or shoot foraging responses, but offspring ramets of G. longituba demonstrated both root and shoot foraging responses, and those of D. indica demonstrated a root foraging response when they grew in the heterogeneous soil environment. We conclude that clonal integration can alter the foraging response of clonal plants, but this effect is species-specific. Our results also suggest that foraging responses of clonal plants in heterogeneous soil environments may not necessarily benefit the growth of clonal plants.
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Investigating the Phenotypic Plasticity of the Invasive Weed Trianthema portulacastrum L. PLANTS 2021; 11:plants11010077. [PMID: 35009081 PMCID: PMC8747563 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is frequently highlighted as a key factor in plant invasiveness, as it enables invasive species to adapt to diverse, complicated habitats. Trianthema portulacastrum is one of the most common aggressive species that threaten different crops around the world. Phenotypic plasticity in T. portulacastrum was investigated by comparing variation in germination, vegetative macromorphology, photosynthetic pigments, stomatal complexes, and seed micromorphological traits of 35 samples collected from 35 different localities. One-way cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to classify samples into homogeneous groups based on the measured traits. Pairwise statistical comparisons were conducted between the three resulting groups. The phenotypic plasticity index (PI) was calculated and compared among different groups of characters. Results showed that photosynthetic pigments and macromorphological characteristics had the highest PI, followed by seed micromorphology, and then stomatal complex traits, while germination parameters showed the lowest PI. We propose that soil moisture, salinity, and temperature are the most determinative and explanative variables of the variation between the three classified groups. We strongly believe that the phenotypic plasticity of T. portulacastrum will support species abundance and spread even under expected changes in climatic conditions, in contrast to the vulnerable traditional crops.
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Holden CA, Morais CLM, Taylor JE, Martin FL, Beckett P, McAinsh M. Regional differences in clonal Japanese knotweed revealed by chemometrics-linked attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:522. [PMID: 34753418 PMCID: PMC8579538 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese knotweed (R. japonica var japonica) is one of the world's 100 worst invasive species, causing crop losses, damage to infrastructure, and erosion of ecosystem services. In the UK, this species is an all-female clone, which spreads by vegetative reproduction. Despite this genetic continuity, Japanese knotweed can colonise a wide variety of environmental habitats. However, little is known about the phenotypic plasticity responsible for the ability of Japanese knotweed to invade and thrive in such diverse habitats. We have used attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, in which the spectral fingerprint generated allows subtle differences in composition to be clearly visualized, to examine regional differences in clonal Japanese knotweed. RESULTS We have shown distinct differences in the spectral fingerprint region (1800-900 cm- 1) of Japanese knotweed from three different regions in the UK that were sufficient to successfully identify plants from different geographical regions with high accuracy using support vector machine (SVM) chemometrics. CONCLUSIONS These differences were not correlated with environmental variations between regions, raising the possibility that epigenetic modifications may contribute to the phenotypic plasticity responsible for the ability of R. japonica to invade and thrive in such diverse habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Holden
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
| | - Camilo L M Morais
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Jane E Taylor
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | | | - Martin McAinsh
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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The First Report of Target-Site Resistance to Glyphosate in Sweet Summer Grass (Moorochloa eruciformis). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091885. [PMID: 34579417 PMCID: PMC8469782 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sweet summer grass is a problematic weed in the central Queensland region of Australia. This study found glyphosate resistance in two biotypes (R1 and R2) of sweet summer grass. The level of resistance in these biotypes was greater than 8-fold. The glyphosate dose required to reduce dry matter by 50% (GR50) for the resistant populations varied from 1993 to 2100 g ha−1. A novel glyphosate resistance double point mutation in the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene was identified for the first time in sweet summer grass. Multiple mutations, including multiple amino acid changes at the glyphosate target site, as well as mutations involving two nucleotide changes at a single amino acid codon, were observed. Both resistant biotypes exhibited a nucleotide change of CAA to ACA in codon 106, which predicts an amino acid change of proline to a threonine (Pro-106-Thr). In addition, the R1 biotype also possessed a mutation at codon 100, where a nucleotide substitution of T for G occurred (GCT to TCT), resulting in a substitution of serine for alanine (Ala-100-Ser). Understanding the molecular mechanism of glyphosate resistance will help to design effective management strategies to control invasive weeds.
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Zhao Y, Zhong Y, Ye C, Liang P, Pan X, Zhang YY, Zhang Y, Shen Y. Multi-omics analyses on Kandelia obovata reveal its response to transplanting and genetic differentiation among populations. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:341. [PMID: 34281510 PMCID: PMC8287808 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restoration through planting is the dominant strategy to conserve mangrove ecosystems. However, many of the plantations fail to survive. Site and seeding selection matters for planting. The process of afforestation, where individuals were planted in a novel environment, is essentially human-controlled transplanting events. Trying to deepen and expand the understanding of the effects of transplanting on plants, we have performed a seven-year-long reciprocal transplant experiment on Kandelia obovata along a latitudinal gradient. RESULTS Combined phenotypic analyses and next-generation sequencing, we found phenotypic discrepancies among individuals from different populations in the common garden and genetic differentiation among populations. The central population with abundant genetic diversity and high phenotypic plasticity had a wide plantable range. But its biomass was reduced after being transferred to other latitudes. The suppressed expression of lignin biosynthesis genes revealed by RNA-seq was responsible for the biomass reduction. Moreover, using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, we observed modification of DNA methylation in MADS-box genes that involved in the regulation of flowering time, which might contribute to the adaptation to new environments. CONCLUSIONS Taking advantage of classical ecological experiments as well as multi-omics analyses, our work observed morphology differences and genetic differentiation among different populations of K. obovata, offering scientific advice for the development of restoration strategy with long-term efficacy, also explored phenotypic, transcript, and epigenetic responses of plants to transplanting events between latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of E, ducation for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Yifan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of E, ducation for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Congting Ye
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of E, ducation for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Pingping Liang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of E, ducation for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaobao Pan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of E, ducation for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yuan-Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of E, ducation for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of E, ducation for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
| | - Yingjia Shen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of E, ducation for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
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Zheng J, Zhang TJ, Li BH, Liang WJ, Zhang QL, Cai ML, Peng CL. Strong Response of Stem Photosynthesis to Defoliation in Mikania micrantha Highlights the Contribution of Phenotypic Plasticity to Plant Invasiveness. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:638796. [PMID: 34025690 PMCID: PMC8131553 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.638796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity affords invasive plant species the ability to colonize a wide range of habitats, but physiological plasticity of their stems is seldom recognized. Investigation of the stem plasticity of invasive plant species could lead to a better understanding of their invasiveness. We performed pot experiments involving defoliation treatments and isolated culture experiments to determine whether the invasive species Mikania micrantha exhibits greater plasticity in the stems than do three non-invasive species that co-occur in southern China and then explored the mechanism underlying the modification of its stem photosynthesis. Our results showed that the stems of M. micrantha exhibited higher plasticity in terms of either net or gross photosynthetic rate in response to the defoliation treatment. These effects were positively related to an increased stem elongation rate. The enhancement of stem photosynthesis in M. micrantha resulted from the comprehensive action involving increases in the Chl a/b ratio, D1 protein and stomatal aperture, changes in chloroplast morphology and a decrease in anthocyanins. Increased plasticity of stem photosynthesis may improve the survival of M. micrantha under harsh conditions and allow it to rapidly recover from defoliation injuries. Our results highlight that phenotypic plasticity promotes the invasion success of alien plant invaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tai-Jie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Hui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jie Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Lei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Ling Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Lian Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Simón-Porcar VI, Silva JL, Vallejo-Marín M. Rapid local adaptation in both sexual and asexual invasive populations of monkeyflowers (Mimulus spp.). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:655-668. [PMID: 33604608 PMCID: PMC8052927 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Traditionally, local adaptation has been seen as the outcome of a long evolutionary history, particularly with regard to sexual lineages. By contrast, phenotypic plasticity has been thought to be most important during the initial stages of population establishment and in asexual species. We evaluated the roles of adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity in the invasive success of two closely related species of invasive monkeyflowers (Mimulus) in the UK that have contrasting reproductive strategies: M. guttatus combines sexual (seeds) and asexual (clonal growth) reproduction while M. × robertsii is entirely asexual. METHODS We compared the clonality (number of stolons), floral and vegetative phenotype, and phenotypic plasticity of native (M. guttatus) and invasive (M. guttatus and M. × robertsii) populations grown in controlled environment chambers under the environmental conditions at each latitudinal extreme of the UK. The goal was to discern the roles of temperature and photoperiod on the expression of phenotypic traits. Next, we tested the existence of local adaptation in the two species within the invasive range with a reciprocal transplant experiment at two field sites in the latitudinal extremes of the UK, and analysed which phenotypic traits underlie potential local fitness advantages in each species. KEY RESULTS Populations of M. guttatus in the UK showed local adaptation through sexual function (fruit production), while M. × robertsii showed local adaptation via asexual function (stolon production). Phenotypic selection analyses revealed that different traits are associated with fitness in each species. Invasive and native populations of M. guttatus had similar phenotypic plasticity and clonality. M. × robertsii presents greater plasticity and clonality than native M. guttatus, but most populations have restricted clonality under the warm conditions of the south of the UK. CONCLUSIONS This study provides experimental evidence of local adaptation in a strictly asexual invasive species with high clonality and phenotypic plasticity. This indicates that even asexual taxa can rapidly (<200 years) adapt to novel environmental conditions in which alternative strategies may not ensure the persistence of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta I Simón-Porcar
- Departmento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose L Silva
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (CSIC), Avenida Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mario Vallejo-Marín
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland FK9 4LA, UK
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Yang Y, Liu M, Pan Y, Huang H, Pan X, Sosa A, Hou Y, Zhu Z, Li B. Rapid evolution of latitudinal clines in growth and defence of an invasive weed. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:845-856. [PMID: 33454953 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Re-establishment of heritable latitudinal clines in growth-related traits has been recognised as evidence for adaptive evolution in invasive plants. However, less information is known about latitudinal clines in defence and joint clinal evolution of growth and defence in invasive plants. We planted 14 native Argentinean populations and 14 introduced Chinese populations of Alternanthera philoxeroides in replicate common gardens in China. We investigated the latitudinal clines of traits related to growth and defence, and plasticity of these traits in relation to experiment site and soil nitrogen. We found that chemical defence decreased with latitude in introduced populations but increased with latitude in native populations. For growth rate, latitudinal clines were positive in introduced populations but nonexistent in native populations. There were also parallel positive latitudinal clines in total/shoot biomass and specific leaf area. Experiment site affected the occurrence or magnitude of latitudinal clines in growth rate, branch intensity and triterpenoid saponins concentration. Introduced populations were more plastic to experiment site and soil nitrogen than native populations. We provide evidence for rapid evolution of clines in growth and defence in an invasive plant. Altered herbivory gradients and trade-off between growth and defence may explain nonparallel clines between the native and introduced ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- National Observation and Research Station for Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, #2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Mu Liu
- National Observation and Research Station for Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, #2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuanfei Pan
- National Observation and Research Station for Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, #2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Heyan Huang
- National Observation and Research Station for Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, #2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaoyun Pan
- National Observation and Research Station for Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, #2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Research Center for Ecology, College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
- Tibet University - Fudan University Joint Laboratory for Biodiversity and Global Change, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Alejandro Sosa
- Fundación para el Estudio de Especies Invasivas (FuEDEI), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, 999071, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 999071, Argentina
| | - Yuping Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Zhengcai Zhu
- Guangzhou Zengcheng Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, 511300, China
| | - Bo Li
- National Observation and Research Station for Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, #2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Genetic and Epigenetic Changes during the Upward Expansion of Deyeuxia angustifolia Kom. in the Alpine Tundra of the Changbai Mountains, China. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020291. [PMID: 33546517 PMCID: PMC7913720 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ecological adaptation plays an important role in the process of plant expansion, and genetics and epigenetics are important in the process of plant adaptation. In this study, genetic and epigenetic analyses and soil properties were performed on D. angustifolia of 17 populations, which were selected in the tundra zone on the western slope of the Changbai Mountains. Our results showed that the levels of genetic and epigenetic diversity of D. angustifolia were relatively low, and the main variation occurred among different populations (amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP): 95%, methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP): 87%). In addition, DNA methylation levels varied from 23.36% to 35.70%. Principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that soil properties of different populations were heterogeneous. Correlation analyses showed that soil moisture, pH and total nitrogen were significantly correlated with genetic diversity of D. angustifolia, and soil temperature and pH were closely related to epigenetic diversity. Simple Mantel tests and partial Mantel tests showed that genetic variation significantly correlated with habitat or geographical distance. However, the correlation between epigenetic variation and habitat or geographical distance was not significant. Our results showed that, in the case of low genetic variation and genetic diversity, epigenetic variation and DNA methylation may provide a basis for the adaptation of D. angustifolia.
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Morel‐Journel T, Thuillier V, Pennekamp F, Laurent E, Legrand D, Chaine AS, Schtickzelle N. A multidimensional approach to the expression of phenotypic plasticity. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Morel‐Journel
- Earth and Life Institute Biodiversity Research Centre Université catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Virginie Thuillier
- Earth and Life Institute Biodiversity Research Centre Université catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Frank Pennekamp
- Earth and Life Institute Biodiversity Research Centre Université catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Estelle Laurent
- Earth and Life Institute Biodiversity Research Centre Université catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Delphine Legrand
- Earth and Life Institute Biodiversity Research Centre Université catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS UMR5321 Moulis France
| | - Alexis S. Chaine
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS UMR5321 Moulis France
- Toulouse School of Economics Institute for Advanced Studies in Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Nicolas Schtickzelle
- Earth and Life Institute Biodiversity Research Centre Université catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
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21
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Luo L, Kong X, Gao Z, Zheng Y, Yang Y, Li X, Yang D, Geng Y, Yang Y. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals ecological adaption of cold tolerance in northward invasion of Alternanthera philoxeroides. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:532. [PMID: 32741374 PMCID: PMC7430914 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06941-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed) is a highly invasive alien plant that has continuously and successfully expanded from the tropical to the temperate regions of China via asexual reproduction. During this process, the continuous decrease in temperature has been a key limiting environmental factor. RESULTS In this study, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the cold tolerance of alligator weed via transcriptomics. The transcriptomic differences between the southernmost population and the northernmost population of China were compared at different time points of cold treatments. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses showed that the alligator weed transcriptional response to cold stress is associated with genes encoding protein kinases, transcription factors, plant-pathogen interactions, plant hormone signal transduction and metabolic processes. Although members of the same gene family were often expressed in both populations, the levels of gene expression between them varied. Further ChIP experiments indicated that histone epigenetic modification changes at the candidate transcription factor gene loci are accompanied by differences in gene expression in response to cold, without variation in the coding sequences of these genes in these two populations. These results suggest that histone changes may contribute to the cold-responsive gene expression divergence between these two populations to provide the most beneficial response to chilling stimuli. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the major alterations in gene expression levels belonging to the main cold-resistance response processes may be responsible for the divergence in the cold resistance of these two populations. During this process, histone modifications in cold-responsive genes have the potential to drive the major alterations in cold adaption necessary for the northward expansion of alligator weed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landi Luo
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Xiangxiang Kong
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.,Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zean Gao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.,Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.,Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.,Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.,Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Danni Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.,Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yupeng Geng
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China.
| | - Yongping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China. .,Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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22
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Rohner PT, Moczek AP. Rapid differentiation of plasticity in life history and morphology during invasive range expansion and concurrent local adaptation in the horned beetle
Onthophagus taurus. Evolution 2020; 74:2059-2072. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Armin P. Moczek
- Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington Indiana 47405
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Banerjee AK, Hou Z, Lin Y, Lan W, Tan F, Xing F, Li G, Guo W, Huang Y. Going with the flow: analysis of population structure reveals high gene flow shaping invasion pattern and inducing range expansion of Mikania micrantha in Asia. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 125:1113-1126. [PMID: 32173740 PMCID: PMC7262463 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mikania micrantha, a climbing perennial weed of the family Asteraceae, is native to Latin America and is highly invasive in the tropical belt of Asia, Oceania and Australia. This study was framed to investigate the population structure of M. micrantha at a large spatial scale in Asia and to identify how introduction history, evolutionary forces and landscape features influenced the genetic pattern of the species in this region. METHODS We assessed the genetic diversity and structure of 1052 individuals from 46 populations for 12 microsatellite loci. The spatial pattern of genetic variation was investigated by estimating the relationship between genetic distance and geographical, climatic and landscape resistances hypothesized to influence gene flow between populations. KEY RESULTS We found high genetic diversity of M. micrantha in this region, as compared with the genetic diversity parameters of other invasive species. Spatial and non-spatial clustering algorithms identified the presence of multiple genetic clusters and admixture between populations. Most of the populations showed heterozygote deficiency, primarily due to inbreeding, and the founder populations showed evidence of a genetic bottleneck. Persistent gene flow throughout the invasive range caused low genetic differentiation among populations and provided beneficial genetic variation to the marginal populations in a heterogeneous environment. Environmental suitability was found to buffer the detrimental effects of inbreeding at the leading edge of range expansion. Both linear and non-linear regression models demonstrated a weak relationship between genetic distance and geographical distance, as well as bioclimatic variables and environmental resistance surfaces. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence that extensive gene flow and admixture between populations have influenced the current genetic pattern of M. micrantha in this region. High gene flow across the invaded landscape may facilitate adaptation, establishment and long-term persistence of the population, thereby indicating the range expansion ability of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achyut Kumar Banerjee
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuangwei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuting Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wentao Lan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengxiao Tan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fen Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wuxia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yelin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Varón‐González C, Fraimout A, Debat V. Drosophila suzukii wing spot size is robust to developmental temperature. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:3178-3188. [PMID: 32273979 PMCID: PMC7141071 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is an important mechanism allowing adaptation to new environments and as such it has been suggested to facilitate biological invasions. Under this assumption, invasive populations are predicted to exhibit stronger plastic responses than native populations. Drosophila suzukii is an invasive species whose males harbor a spot on the wing tip. In this study, by manipulating developmental temperature, we compare the phenotypic plasticity of wing spot size of two invasive populations with that of a native population. We then compare the results with data obtained from wild-caught flies from different natural populations. While both wing size and spot size are plastic to temperature, no difference in plasticity was detected between native and invasive populations, rejecting the hypothesis of a role of the wing-spot plasticity in the invasion success. In contrast, we observed a remarkable stability in the spot-to-wing ratio across temperatures, as well as among geographic populations. This stability suggests either that the spot relative size is under stabilizing selection, or that its variation might be constrained by a tight developmental correlation between spot size and wing size. Our data show that this correlation was lost at high temperature, leading to an increased variation in the relative spot size, particularly marked in the two invasive populations. This suggests: (a) that D. suzukii's development is impaired by hot temperatures, in agreement with the cold-adapted status of this species; (b) that the spot size can be decoupled from wing size, rejecting the hypothesis of an absolute constraint and suggesting that the wing color pattern might be under stabilizing (sexual) selection; and (c) that such sexual selection might be relaxed in the invasive populations. Finally, a subtle but consistent directional asymmetry in spot size was detected in favor of the right side in all populations and temperatures, possibly indicative of a lateralized sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceferino Varón‐González
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB)Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversité des AntillesParisFrance
| | - Antoine Fraimout
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB)Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversité des AntillesParisFrance
- Present address:
Ecological Genetics Research UnitOrganismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeFaculty of Biology and Environmental SciencesBiocenter 3University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Vincent Debat
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB)Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversité des AntillesParisFrance
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25
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Liao ZY, Scheepens JF, Li QM, Wang WB, Feng YL, Zheng YL. Founder effects, post-introduction evolution and phenotypic plasticity contribute to invasion success of a genetically impoverished invader. Oecologia 2019; 192:105-118. [PMID: 31792607 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple mechanisms may act synergistically to promote success of invasive plants. Here, we tested the roles of three non-mutually exclusive mechanisms-founder effects, post-introduction evolution and phenotypic plasticity-in promoting invasion of Chromolaena odorata. We performed a common garden experiment to investigate phenotypic diversification and phenotypic plasticity of the genetically impoverished invader in response to two rainfall treatments (ambient and 50% rainfall). We used ancestor-descendant comparisons to determine post-introduction evolution and the QST-FST approach to estimate past selection on phenotypic traits. We found that eight traits differed significantly between plants from the invasive versus native ranges, for two of which founder effects can be inferred and for six of which post-introduction evolution can be inferred. The invader experienced strong diversifying selection in the invasive range and showed clinal variations in six traits along water and/or temperature gradients. These clinal variations are likely attributed to post-introduction evolution rather than multiple introductions of pre-adapted genotypes, as most of the clinal variations were absent or in opposite directions from those for native populations. Compared with populations, rainfall treatments explained only small proportions of total variations in all studied traits for plants from both ranges, highlighting the importance of heritable phenotypic differentiation. In addition, phenotypic plasticity was similar for plants from both ranges although neutral genetic diversity was much lower for plants from the invasive range. Our results showed that founder effects, post-introduction evolution and phenotypic plasticity may function synergistically in promoting invasion success of C. odorata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.,Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - J F Scheepens
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Qiao-Ming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei-Bin Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu-Long Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yu-Long Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China. .,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
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26
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Herrando-Moraira S, Nualart N, Herrando-Moraira A, Chung MY, Chung MG, López-Pujol J. Climatic niche characteristics of native and invasive Lilium lancifolium. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14334. [PMID: 31586099 PMCID: PMC6778149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the topics currently under discussion in biological invasions is whether the species' climatic niche has been conserved or, alternatively, has diverged during invasions. Here, we explore niche dynamic processes using the complex invasion history model of Lilium lancifolium, which is the first tested case of a native species (Korea) with two hypothesized spatial (regional and intercontinental) and temporal arrivals: (1) as an archaeophyte in East Asia (before AD 1500); and (2) as a neophyte in Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand (after AD 1500). Following a niche examination through both environmental and geographical spaces, the species in the archaeophyte range has apparently filled the ancestral native niche and, rather, would have increased it considerably. The species as a neophyte shows a closer climatic match with the archaeophyte range than with the native one. This pattern of niche similarity suggests that the neophyte range was probably colonized by a subset of archaeophyte propagules adapted to local climate that promoted the species' establishment. Overall, niche conservatism is proposed at each colonization step, from native to archaeophyte, and from archaeophyte to neophyte ranges. We detected signals of an advanced invasion stage within the archaeophyte range and traces of an early introduction stage in neophyte ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neus Nualart
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Barcelona, 08038, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Mi Yoon Chung
- Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Myong Gi Chung
- Division of Life Science and RINS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jordi López-Pujol
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Barcelona, 08038, Catalonia, Spain.
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27
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Why are tall-statured energy grasses of polyploid species complexes potentially invasive? A review of their genetic variation patterns and evolutionary plasticity. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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28
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Banerjee AK, Guo W, Huang Y. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of phenotypic variation in invasive plants – linking research trends towards a unified framework. NEOBIOTA 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.49.33723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic variation in the introduced range of an invasive species can be modified by genetic variation, environmental conditions and their interaction, as well as stochastic events like genetic drift. Recent studies found that epigenetic modifications may also contribute to phenotypic variation being independent of genetic changes. Despite gaining profound ecological insights from empirical studies, understanding the relative contributions of these molecular mechanisms behind phenotypic variation has received little attention for invasive plant species in particular.
This review therefore aimed at summarizing and synthesizing information on the genetic and epigenetic basis of phenotypic variation of alien invasive plants in the introduced range and their evolutionary consequences. Transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic modifications was highlighted focusing on its influence on microevolution of the invasive plant species. We presented a comprehensive account of epigenetic regulation of phenotypic variation and its role in plant invasion in the presence of reduced standing genetic variation, inbreeding depression and associated genomic events which have often been observed during introduction and range expansion of an invasive alien species. Finally, taking clues from the studies conducted so far, we proposed a unified framework of future experimental approaches to understand ecological and evolutionary aspects of phenotypic variation. This holistic approach, being aligned to the invasion process in particular (introduction-establishment-spread), was intended to understand the molecular mechanisms of phenotypic variation of an invasive species in its introduced range and to disentangle the effects of standing genetic variation and epigenetic regulation of phenotypic variation.
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29
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Xu L, Wu X. Effects of Physiological Integration and Phosphorus on Spread of Alternanthera philoxeroides from Soil to Chromium-Contaminated Aquatic Habitats. POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.3161/15052249pje2018.66.4.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- School of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Xiao Wu
- International Office of Cooperation & Exchange, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
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30
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Shi W, Hu X, Chen X, Ou X, Yang J, Geng Y. Increased population epigenetic diversity of the clonal invasive species Alternanthera philoxeroides in response to salinity stress. Genes Genet Syst 2018; 93:259-269. [PMID: 30568068 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.18-00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modification can change the pattern of gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence, which may be adaptive in clonal plant species. In this study, we used MSAP (methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism) to examine epigenetic variation in Alternanthera philoxeroides, a clonal invasive species, in response to salinity stress. We found that salinity stress could significantly increase the level of epigenetic diversity within a population. This effect increased with increasing stress duration and was specific to particular genotypes. In addition, the epigenetic modification of young plants seems less sensitive to salinity than that of mature plants. This elevated epigenetic diversity in response to environmental stress may compensate for genetic impoverishment and contribute to evolutionary potential in clonal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University.,School of Life Sciences, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, Yunnan University
| | - Xia Hu
- Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University
| | - Xiaokun Ou
- Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University
| | - Ji Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University
| | - Yupeng Geng
- Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University
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31
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Xu L, Wu X, Xiang D. Risk Expansion of Cr Through Amphibious Clonal Plant from Polluted Aquatic to Terrestrial Habitats. Open Life Sci 2018; 13:422-430. [PMID: 33817111 PMCID: PMC7874729 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2018-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resource sharing between the connected ramets of clonal plants through physiological integration can increase the tolerance of plants to environmental stress. However, the role of physiological integration in the translocation of heavy-metal pollutants between different habitats receives little attention, especially in the aquatic-terrestrial ecotones. An amphibious clonal plant Alternanthera philoxeroides was used to simulate plant expansion from unpolluted soil to a chromium (Cr)-polluted water environment. Basal older ramets growing in unpolluted soil were connected or disconnected with apical younger ramets of the same fragments in polluted environments at different Cr concentrations. Harvested basal ramets were also used for decomposition tests for the loss of residual mass and release of Cr to soil. With increasing Cr concentration there was reduction in biomass of the apical ramets, especially those separated from the basal parts. Cr was detected in the basal ramets with connection to apical parts. The decomposition of plant litter from the basal ramets connected with polluted apical parts might release retained Cr to unpolluted soil. The amount and chemical forms of Cr in the plant litter changed over time. It is concluded that Cr could be transferred from polluted aquatic to unpolluted terrestrial habitats through amphibious clonal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- School of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China.,Center for Rural Environmental Studies, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Xiao Wu
- International Office of Cooperation & Exchange, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Dan Xiang
- School of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China.,Center for Rural Environmental Studies, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
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32
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Plastic biomass allocation as a trait increasing the invasiveness of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) in Antarctica. Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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33
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Fraimout A, Jacquemart P, Villarroel B, Aponte DJ, Decamps T, Herrel A, Cornette R, Debat V. Phenotypic plasticity of Drosophila suzukii wing to developmental temperature: implications for flight. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:221/13/jeb166868. [PMID: 29987053 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.166868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity has been proposed as a mechanism that facilitates the success of biological invasions. In order to test the hypothesis of an adaptive role for plasticity in invasions, particular attention should be paid to the relationship between the focal plastic trait, the environmental stimulus and the functional importance of the trait. The Drosophila wing is particularly amenable to experimental studies of phenotypic plasticity. Wing morphology is known for its plastic variation under different experimental temperatures, but this plasticity has rarely been investigated in a functional context of flight. Here, we investigate the effect of temperature on wing morphology and flight in the invasive pest species Drosophila suzukii Although the rapid invasion of both Europe and North America was most likely facilitated by human activities, D. suzukii is also expected to disperse actively. By quantifying wing morphology and individual flight trajectories of flies raised under different temperatures, we tested whether (1) invasive populations of D. suzukii show higher phenotypic plasticity than their native counterparts, and (2) wing plasticity affects flight parameters. Developmental temperature was found to affect both wing morphology and flight parameters (in particular speed and acceleration), leaving open the possibility of an adaptive value for wing plasticity. Our results show no difference in phenotypic plasticity between invasive and native populations, rejecting a role for wing plasticity in the invasion success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Fraimout
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Jacquemart
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Villarroel
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France.,Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, MECADEV-UMR 7179, CNRS, MNHN, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - David J Aponte
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France.,Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
| | - Thierry Decamps
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, MECADEV-UMR 7179, CNRS, MNHN, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, MECADEV-UMR 7179, CNRS, MNHN, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Cornette
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Debat
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France
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34
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Wan JSH, Fazlioglu F, Bonser SP. Loss of plasticity in life-history strategy associated with secondary invasion into stressful environments in invasive narrowleaf plantain (Plantago lanceolata
L.). AUSTRAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin S. H. Wan
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UNSW Australia; Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Fatih Fazlioglu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Molecular Biology and Genetics; Ordu University; Ordu 52200 Turkey
| | - Stephen P. Bonser
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UNSW Australia; Sydney 2052 Australia
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35
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Ye XQ, Zeng B, Meng JL, Wu M, Zhang XP. Responses in shoot elongation, carbohydrate utilization and growth recovery of an invasive species to submergence at different water temperatures. Sci Rep 2018; 8:306. [PMID: 29321607 PMCID: PMC5762630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Widely distributed amphibious exotic plant species may respond plastically to water temperatures when submerged. Alternanthera philoxeroides, a highly flood-tolerant species, originates from tropical regions and has successfully invaded temperate regions. The wide distribution of this species suggests it can respond to flooding at different water temperatures. In this study, the plastic responses of A. philoxeroides plants to submergence at water temperatures of 10 °C, 20 °C and 30 °C were investigated. The A. philoxeroides plants had large pools of non-structural carbohydrates, which were readily mobilized upon submergence. Submergence hindered biomass accumulation and decreased the carbohydrate content level and respiration rate (P < 0.05). Water temperature had remarkable effects on shoot elongation, carbohydrate utilization and recovery growth. With decreasing water temperature, the respiration rate was lower and carbohydrate content decreased more slowly, but the post-submergence biomass accumulation was faster (P < 0.05), indicating a beneficial effect of low water temperature for recovery. However, high water temperatures accelerated shoot elongation (P < 0.05), which benefitted the submerged plants more if contact with air was restored. These results suggest that the species can respond to different water temperatures plastically, which may provide hints for its invasion success in regions with diverse climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Qi Ye
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry/Research Station of Hangzhou Bay Wetlands Ecosystem, National Forestry Bureau, Fuyang, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Liu Meng
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry/Research Station of Hangzhou Bay Wetlands Ecosystem, National Forestry Bureau, Fuyang, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry/Research Station of Hangzhou Bay Wetlands Ecosystem, National Forestry Bureau, Fuyang, China
| | - Xiao Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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36
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Shi W, Chen X, Gao L, Xu CY, Ou X, Bossdorf O, Yang J, Geng Y. Transient Stability of Epigenetic Population Differentiation in a Clonal Invader. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1851. [PMID: 30881370 PMCID: PMC6405520 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic variation may play an important role in how plants cope with novel environments. While significant epigenetic differences among plants from contrasting habitats have often been observed in the field, the stability of these differences remains little understood. Here, we combined field monitoring with a multi-generation common garden approach to study the dynamics of DNA methylation variation in invasive Chinese populations of the clonal alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides). Using AFLP and MSAP markers, we found little variation in DNA sequence but substantial epigenetic population differentiation. In the field, these differences remained stable across multiple years, whereas in a common environment they were maintained at first but then progressively eroded. However, some epigenetic differentiation remained even after 10 asexual generations. Our data indicate that epigenetic variation in alligator weed most likely results from a combination of environmental induction and spontaneous epimutation, and that much of it is neither rapidly reversible (phenotypic plasticity) nor long-term stable, but instead displays an intermediate level of stability. Such transient epigenetic stability could be a beneficial mechanism in novel and heterogeneous environments, particularly in a genetically impoverished invader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Lexuan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Yuan Xu
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaokun Ou
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ji Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ji Yang, Yupeng Geng, ;
| | - Yupeng Geng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Ji Yang, Yupeng Geng, ;
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Xu L, Zhou ZF. Physiological Integration Affects Expansion of an Amphibious Clonal Plant from Terrestrial to Cu-Polluted Aquatic Environments. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43931. [PMID: 28272515 PMCID: PMC5341073 DOI: 10.1038/srep43931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of physiological integration on clonal plants growing in aquatic and terrestrial habitats have been extensively studied, but little is known about the role in the extension of amphibious clonal plants in the heterogeneous aquatic-terrestrial ecotones, especially when the water environments are polluted by heavy metals. Ramets of the amphibious clonal herb Alternanthera philoxeroides were rooted in unpolluted soil and polluted water at three concentrations of Cu. The extension of populations from unpolluted terrestrial to polluted aqueous environments mainly relied on stem elongation rather than production of new ramets. The absorbed Cu in the ramets growing in polluted water could be spread horizontally to other ramets in unpolluted soil via physiological integration and redistributed in different organs. The performances of ramets in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats were negatively correlated with Cu intensities in different organs of plants. It is concluded that physiological integration might lessen the fitness of connected ramets in heterogeneously polluted environments. The mechanical strength of the stems decreased with increasing Cu levels, especially in polluted water. We suggest that, except for direct toxicity to growth and expansion, heavy metal pollution might also increase the mechanical risk in breaking failure of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- School of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China.,Center for Rural Environmental Studies, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Feng Zhou
- School of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China.,Center for Rural Environmental Studies, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
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Effects of Cu Pollution on the Expansion of an Amphibious Clonal Herb in Aquatic-Terrestrial Ecotones. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164361. [PMID: 27736932 PMCID: PMC5063404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological integration can enhance the performance of clonal plants in aquatic and terrestrial heterogeneous habitats and associated ecotones. Similar to nutrients, pollutants may be transported among connected ramets via physiological integration. Few studies have examined the expansion of amphibious clonal plants from terrestrial to aquatic environments, particularly when the local water supply is polluted with heavy metals. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using the amphibious plant Alternanthera philoxeroides to determine whether Cu can spread among clonal plants and examine the corresponding effects of this pollution on the expansion of clonal plants in aquatic-terrestrial ecotones. Ramets from the same clonal fragments were rooted in unpolluted soil and polluted water at five different levels. The responses of the ramets in terrestrial and aquatic habitats were quantified via traits associated with growth, morphology and Cu accumulation. The results indicated that ramets in soil and water significantly differed in nearly all of these traits. The expansion of populations from terrestrial to polluted aquatic habitats was facilitated by stem elongation rather than new ramet production. The accumulated Cu in polluted ramets can be horizontally transported to other ramets in soil via connected stolons. In terms of clonal growth patterns, variations in Cu pollution intensity were negatively correlated with variations in the morphological and growth traits of ramets in polluted aquatic habitats and unpolluted soil. We concluded that Cu ions are distributed among the clones and accumulated in different ramet tissues in heterogeneous habitats. Therefore, we suggest that Cu pollution of aquatic-terrestrial ecotones, especially at high levels, can affect the growth and expansion of the whole clones because Cu ions are shared between integrated ramets.
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Kleine S, Weissinger L, Müller C. Impact of drought on plant populations of native and invasive origins. Oecologia 2016; 183:9-20. [PMID: 27568026 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Invasive populations often shift phenotypically during introduction. Moreover, they are postulated to show an increased phenotypic plasticity compared with their native counterparts, which could be advantageous. However, less is known about trait selection across populations along the invasion gradient in response to environmental factors, such as increasing drought caused by climate change. In this study, we investigated the impacts of drought on growth, regrowth, and various leaf traits in plants of different origin. Therefore, seeds of 18 populations of the perennial Tanacetum vulgare were collected along the invasion gradient (North America, invasive; West Europe, archaeophyte; East Europe, native) and grown in competition with the grass Poa pratensis under control or dry conditions in a common garden. Above-ground biomass was cut once and the regrowth was measured as an indicator for tolerance over a second growth period. Initially, drought had little effects on growth of T. vulgare, but after cutting, plants grew more vigorously. Against expectations, phenotypic plasticity was not higher in invasive populations, but even reduced in one trait, which may be attributable to ecological constraints imposed by multiple stress conditions. Trait responses reflected the range expansion and invasion gradient and were influenced by the latitudinal origin of populations. Populations of invaded ranges may be subject to faster and more extensive genetic mixing or had less time to undergo and reflect selective processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kleine
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lisa Weissinger
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Caroline Müller
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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