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Wang J, Ren H, Zhu J, Li Y, Liu J, Li H, Liu C, Fan Y, Zhang H. Integrated analysis of lipid metabolism and differentially expressed genes reveal seed oil accumulation in field muskmelon. Genomics 2025; 117:111031. [PMID: 40118294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2025.111031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2025] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 03/23/2025]
Abstract
Field muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis Naud.), a novel oil crop, contains a high amount of lipids in seeds. However, the high-resolution profiles and dynamic regulation of its lipids remain largely unknown. This study identified the lipids and analyzed their dynamic changes using UHPLC-MS/MS. We identified 2533 lipid molecules in the seeds, including 7 categories and 47 sub-classes, with the higher proportions of glycerolipids (41.02 %) and glycerophospholipids (28.11 %). Moreover, the content of glycerolipids was the highest, particularly for triacylglycerol lipid molecules. Additionally, the expression patterns of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed a close correlation with lipid accumulation, especially within the plant hormone signaling pathway. Notably, the sufficient supply of 18:1-CoA, coupled with a high expression level of CmFAD2, contributed significantly to the high linoleic acid (68.56 %) content in field muskmelon seeds. Our findings offer insights that could enhance the comprehensive understanding of lipids in field muskmelon, and facilitate the breeding of field muskmelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Wang
- Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China; Anhui Province Watermelon and Melon Biological Breeding Engineering Research, Anhui 235000, China.
| | - Hengyi Ren
- Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China; Anhui Province Watermelon and Melon Biological Breeding Engineering Research, Anhui 235000, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China.
| | - Yahui Li
- Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China; Anhui Province Watermelon and Melon Biological Breeding Engineering Research, Anhui 235000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China; Anhui Province Watermelon and Melon Biological Breeding Engineering Research, Anhui 235000, China
| | - Hu Li
- Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China; Anhui Province Watermelon and Melon Biological Breeding Engineering Research, Anhui 235000, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China; Anhui Province Watermelon and Melon Biological Breeding Engineering Research, Anhui 235000, China.
| | - Yupeng Fan
- Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China; Anhui Province Watermelon and Melon Biological Breeding Engineering Research, Anhui 235000, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China; Anhui Province Watermelon and Melon Biological Breeding Engineering Research, Anhui 235000, China.
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van Belle J, Schaart JG, Dechesne AC, Fei D, Cisneros AO, Serafini M, Visser RG, van Loo EN. Direct and indirect effects of multiplex genome editing of F5H and FAD2 in oil crop camelina. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2025; 23:1399-1412. [PMID: 39865897 PMCID: PMC12018816 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2024] [Revised: 12/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 01/28/2025]
Abstract
Mutants with simultaneous germline mutations were obtained in all three F5H genes and all three FAD2 genes (one to eleven mutated alleles) in order to improve the feed value of the seed meal and the fatty acid composition of the seed oil. In mutants with multiple mutated F5H alleles, sinapine in seed meal was reduced by up to 100%, accompanied by a sharp reduction in the S-monolignol content of lignin without causing lodging or stem break. A lower S-lignin monomer content in stems can contribute to improved stem degradability allowing new uses of stems. Mutants in all six FAD2 alleles showed an expected increase in MUFA from 8.7% to 74% and a reduction in PUFA from 53% to 13% in the fatty acids in seed oil. Remarkably, some full FAD2 mutants showed normal growth and seed production and not the dwarfing phenotype reported in previous studies. The relation between germline mutation allele dosage and phenotype was influenced by the still ongoing activity of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, leading to new somatic mutations in the leaves of flowering plants. The correlations between the total mutation frequency (germline plus new somatic mutations) for F5H with sinapine content, and FAD2 with fatty acid composition were higher than the correlations between germline mutation count and phenotypes. This shows the importance of quantifying both the germline mutations and somatic mutations when studying CRISPR/Cas9 effects in situations where the CRISPR/Cas9 system is not yet segregated out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarst van Belle
- Wageningen University and ResearchPlant BreedingWageningenThe Netherlands
- Linnaeus Plant Sciences B.V.WageningenThe Netherlands
- HAN University of Applied Sciences, Applied Biosciences and ChemistryNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan G. Schaart
- Wageningen University and ResearchPlant BreedingWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Danli Fei
- Wageningen University and ResearchPlant BreedingWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Michele Serafini
- Wageningen University and ResearchPlant BreedingWageningenThe Netherlands
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Li L, Zhang D, Zhang Z, Zhang B. CRISPR/Cas: a powerful tool for designing and improving oil crops. Trends Biotechnol 2025; 43:773-789. [PMID: 39362812 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Improving oil yield and quality is a major goal for crop breeding, and CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing has opened a new era for designing oil crops with enhanced yield and quality. CRISPR/Cas technology can not only increase oil production but also enhance oil quality, including enhancing pharmaceutical and health components, improving oil nutrients, and removing allergic and toxic components. As new molecular targets for oil biosynthesis are discovered and the CRISPR/Cas system is further improved, CRISPR/Cas will become a better molecular tool for designing new oil crops with higher oil production, enhanced nutrients, and improved health components. 'CRISPRized' oil crops will have broad applications both in industry (e.g., as biofuels) and in daily human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Li
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, and Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Crop Root Biology and Green Efficient Production, School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Dangquan Zhang
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-Added Products, College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, and Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Crop Root Biology and Green Efficient Production, School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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Haslam RP, Michaelson LV, Eastmond PJ, Napier JA. Born of frustration: the emergence of Camelina sativa as a platform for lipid biotechnology. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2025; 197:kiaf009. [PMID: 39813144 PMCID: PMC11812462 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaf009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2024] [Revised: 12/10/2024] [Accepted: 12/31/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
The emerging crop Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz (camelina) is a Brassicaceae oilseed with a rapidly growing reputation for the deployment of advanced lipid biotechnology and metabolic engineering. Camelina is recognized by agronomists for its traits, including yield, oil/protein content, drought tolerance, limited input requirements, plasticity, and resilience. Its utility as a platform for metabolic engineering was then quickly recognized, and biotechnologists have benefited from its short life cycle and facile genetic transformation, producing numerous transgenic interventions to modify seed lipid content and generate novel products. The desire to work with a plant that is both a model and crop has driven the expansion of research resources for camelina, including increased availability of genome and other -omics data sets. Collectively, the expansion of these resources has established camelina as an ideal plant to study the regulation of lipid metabolism and genetic improvement. Furthermore, the unique characteristics of camelina enables the design-build-test-learn cycle to be transitioned from the controlled environment to the field. Complex metabolic engineering to synthesize and accumulate high levels of novel fatty acids and modified oils in seeds can be deployed, tested, and undergo rounds of iteration in agronomically relevant environments. Engineered camelina oils are now increasingly being developed and used to sustainably supply improved nutrition, feed, biofuels, and fossil fuel replacements for high-value chemical products. In this review, we provide a summary of seed fatty acid synthesis and oil assembly in camelina, highlighting how discovery research in camelina supports the advance of metabolic engineering toward the predictive manipulation of metabolism to produce desirable bio-based products. Further examples of innovation in camelina seed lipid engineering and crop improvement are then provided, describing how technologies (e.g. genetic modification [GM], gene editing [GE], RNAi, alongside GM and GE stacking) can be applied to produce new products and denude undesirable traits. Focusing on the production of long chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids in camelina, we describe how lipid biotechnology can transition from discovery to a commercial prototype. The prospects to produce structured triacylglycerol with fatty acids in specified stereospecific positions are also discussed, alongside the future outlook for the agronomic uptake of camelina lipid biotechnology.
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Kaushal C, Sachdev M, Parekh M, Gowrishankar H, Jain M, Sankaranarayanan S, Pathak B. Transcriptional engineering for value enhancement of oilseed crops: a forward perspective. Front Genome Ed 2025; 6:1488024. [PMID: 39840374 PMCID: PMC11747156 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2024.1488024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2025] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived oils provide 20%-35% of dietary calories and are a primary source of essential omega-6 (linoleic) and omega-3 (α-linolenic) fatty acids. While traditional breeding has significantly increased yields in key oilseed crops like soybean, sunflower, canola, peanut, and cottonseed, overall gains have plateaued over the past few decades. Oilseed crops also experience substantial yield losses in both prime and marginal agricultural areas due to biotic and abiotic stresses and shifting agro-climates. Recent genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomics research has expanded our understanding of the genetic and physiological control of fatty acid biosynthesis and composition. Many oilseed species have inherent stress-combating mechanisms, including transcription factor regulation. Advances in genome editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9 offer precise genetic modifications, targeting transcription factors and binding sites to enhance desirable traits, such as the nutritional profile and chemical composition of fatty acids. This review explores the application of genome editing in oilseed improvement, covering recent progress, challenges, and future potential to boost yield and oil content. These advancements could play a transformative role in developing resilient, nutritious crop varieties essential for sustainable food security in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charli Kaushal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat, India
| | - Mahak Sachdev
- Biological and Life Sciences Division, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Mansi Parekh
- Biological and Life Sciences Division, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Harini Gowrishankar
- Biological and Life Sciences Division, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Mukesh Jain
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Subramanian Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhuvan Pathak
- Biological and Life Sciences Division, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Blume RY, Hotsuliak VY, Nazarenus TJ, Cahoon EB, Blume YB. Genome-wide identification and diversity of FAD2, FAD3 and FAE1 genes in terms of biotechnological importance in Camelina species. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:107. [PMID: 39695603 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00936-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND False flax, or gold-of-pleasure (Camelina sativa) is an oilseed that has received renewed research interest as a promising vegetable oil feedstock for liquid biofuel production and other non-food uses. This species has also emerged as a model for oilseed biotechnology research that aims to enhance seed oil content and fatty acid quality. To date, a number of genetic engineering and gene editing studies on C. sativa have been reported. Among the most common targets for this research are genes, encoding fatty acid desaturases, elongases, and diacylglycerol acyltransferases. However, the majority of these genes in C. sativa are present in multiple copies due to the allohexaploid nature of the species. Therefore, genetic manipulations require a comprehensive understanding of the diversity of such gene targets. RESULTS Here we report the detailed analysis of FAD2, FAD3 and FAE1 gene diversity in five Camelina species, including hexaploid C. sativa and four diploids, namely C. neglecta, C. laxa, C. hispida var. hispida and var. grandiflora. It was established that FAD2, FAD3 and FAE1 homeologs in C. sativa retain very high conservancy, despite their allohexaploid inheritance. High sequence conservancy of the identified genes along with their different expression patterns in C. sativa suggest that subfunctionalization of these homeologs is mainly grounded on the transcriptional balancing between subgenomes. Finally, fatty acid composition of seed lipids in different Camelina species was characterized, suggesting potential variability in the activity of fatty acid elongation/desaturation pathways may vary among these taxa. CONCLUSION It was shown that the FAD2, FAD3 and FAE1 genes retain high conservation, even in allohexaploid C. sativa after polyploidzation, in which the subfunctionalization of the described homeologs is mainly grounded on the expressional differences. The major differences in FA accumulation patterns within the seeds of different species were identified as well. These results provide a foundation for future precise gene editing, which would be based on targeting of particular FAD2, FAD3 and FAE1 gene copies in C. sativa that allow regulating the dosage of the mentioned genes, thus shaping the desired FA composition in cultivated false flax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostyslav Y Blume
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2a Baidy-Vyshnevetskoho str., Kyiv, 04123, Ukraine.
| | - Vitaliy Y Hotsuliak
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2a Baidy-Vyshnevetskoho str., Kyiv, 04123, Ukraine
| | - Tara J Nazarenus
- Center for Plant Science Innovation & Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, E318 Beadle Center, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation & Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, E318 Beadle Center, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Yaroslav B Blume
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2a Baidy-Vyshnevetskoho str., Kyiv, 04123, Ukraine
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Sebiani-Calvo A, Hernández-Soto A, Hensel G, Gatica-Arias A. Crop genome editing through tissue-culture-independent transformation methods. Front Genome Ed 2024; 6:1490295. [PMID: 39703881 PMCID: PMC11655202 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2024.1490295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome editing and plant transformation are crucial techniques in plant biotechnology, allowing for the precise modification of plant genomes to enhance agronomically essential traits. The advancement of CRISPR-based genome editing tools in plants is limited, among others, by developing novel in vitro tissue culture methodologies for efficient plant genetic transformation. In-planta methodologies offer a promising alternative to overcome tissue culture limitations and facilitate crops' genetic improvement. The in-planta transformation methods can be categorized under the definition of means of plant genetic transformation with no or minimal tissue culture steps meeting the conditions for minimal steps: short duration with a limited number of transfers, high technical simplicity, limited list of hormones, and that the regeneration does not undergo callus development. In this review, we analyzed over 250 articles. We identified studies that follow an in-planta transformation methodology for delivering CRISPR/Cas9 components focusing on crop plants, as model species have been previously reviewed in detail. This approach has been successfully applied for genome editing in crop plants: camelina, cotton, lemon, melon, orange, peanut, rice, soybean, and wheat. Overall, this study underscores the importance of in-planta methodologies in overcoming the limitations of tissue culture and advancing the field of plant genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sebiani-Calvo
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Programa de Posgrado en Biología, School of Biology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Alejandro Hernández-Soto
- Biotechnology Research Center, Biology School, Costa Rica Institute of Technology, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Götz Hensel
- Centre for Plant Genome Engineering, Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence in Plant Sciences “SMART Plants for Tomorrow’s Needs”, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrés Gatica-Arias
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Programa de Posgrado en Biología, School of Biology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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Lee KR, Park ME, Kim HU. Domestication and engineering of pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.): challenges and opportunities for sustainable bio-based feedstocks. PLANTA 2024; 260:127. [PMID: 39470818 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/19/2024] [Indexed: 11/01/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Pennycress, as an emerging oilseed crop with high oil content, faces challenges but offers potential for sustainable bioproducts; ongoing research aims to enhance its traits and quality. Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) is an emerging oilseed crop with many advantages, such as high seed oil (27-39%) and monounsaturated fatty acid (55.6%) content, making it an attractive candidate to produce sustainable bioproducts. However, several challenges are associated with domesticating pennycress, including high silicle shatter, which reduces seed yield during harvest, non-uniformed germination rate and high contents of erucic acid and glucosinolates, which have adverse health effects on humans and animals. Pennycress, which can be easily and rapidly transformed using the floral dip method under vacuum, can achieve trait improvements. Ongoing research for pennycress domestication using mutation breeding, including ethylmethylsulfonate treatment and genome editing, aims to improve its quality. Pennycress can be used as an excellent platform for producing industrially important fatty acids such as hydroxy and epoxy fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid. In conclusion, pennycress is a promising oilseed crop with multiple advantages and potential applications. Continuous improvements in quality and engineering for producing high-value bio-based feedstocks in pennycress will establish it as a sustainable and economically valuable crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Mid-Eum Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Cai Y, Liang Y, Shi H, Cui J, Prakash S, Zhang J, Anaokar S, Chai J, Schwender J, Lu C, Yu X, Shanklin J. Creating yellow seed Camelina sativa with enhanced oil accumulation by CRISPR-mediated disruption of Transparent Testa 8. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:2773-2784. [PMID: 38859598 PMCID: PMC11536548 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Camelina (Camelina sativa L.), a hexaploid member of the Brassicaceae family, is an emerging oilseed crop being developed to meet the increasing demand for plant oils as biofuel feedstocks. In other Brassicas, high oil content can be associated with a yellow seed phenotype, which is unknown for camelina. We sought to create yellow seed camelina using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to disrupt its Transparent Testa 8 (TT8) transcription factor genes and to evaluate the resulting seed phenotype. We identified three TT8 genes, one in each of the three camelina subgenomes, and obtained independent CsTT8 lines containing frameshift edits. Disruption of TT8 caused seed coat colour to change from brown to yellow reflecting their reduced flavonoid accumulation of up to 44%, and the loss of a well-organized seed coat mucilage layer. Transcriptomic analysis of CsTT8-edited seeds revealed significantly increased expression of the lipid-related transcription factors LEC1, LEC2, FUS3, and WRI1 and their downstream fatty acid synthesis-related targets. These changes caused metabolic remodelling with increased fatty acid synthesis rates and corresponding increases in total fatty acid (TFA) accumulation from 32.4% to as high as 38.0% of seed weight, and TAG yield by more than 21% without significant changes in starch or protein levels compared to parental line. These data highlight the effectiveness of CRISPR in creating novel enhanced-oil germplasm in camelina. The resulting lines may directly contribute to future net-zero carbon energy production or be combined with other traits to produce desired lipid-derived bioproducts at high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanheng Cai
- Department of BiologyBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | - Yuanxue Liang
- Department of BiologyBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Hai Shi
- Department of BiologyBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Jodie Cui
- Department of BiologyBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | - Shreyas Prakash
- Department of BiologyBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant PathologyMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
| | - Sanket Anaokar
- Department of BiologyBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Jin Chai
- Department of BiologyBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Jorg Schwender
- Department of BiologyBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Chaofu Lu
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant PathologyMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
| | - Xiao‐Hong Yu
- Department of BiologyBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | - John Shanklin
- Department of BiologyBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
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Rauf S, Basharat T, Gebeyehu A, Elsafy M, Rahmatov M, Ortiz R, Kaya Y. Sesame, an Underutilized Oil Seed Crop: Breeding Achievements and Future Challenges. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2662. [PMID: 39339635 PMCID: PMC11434663 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Sesame seeds and their edible oil are highly nutritious and rich in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Bioactive compounds such as sterols, tocopherols, and sesamol provide significant medicinal benefits. The high oil content (50%) and favorable mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid balance, as well as resilience to water stress, make sesame a promising candidate crop for global agricultural expansion. However, sesame production faces challenges such as low yields, poor response to agricultural inputs, and losses due to capsule dehiscence. To enhance yield, traits like determinate growth, dwarfism, a high harvest index, non-shattering capsules, disease resistance, and photoperiod sensitivity are needed. These traits can be achieved through variation or induced mutation breeding. Crossbreeding methods often result in unwanted genetic changes. The gene editing CRISPR/Cas9 technology has the potential to suppress detrimental alleles and improve the fatty acid profile by inhibiting polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Even though sesame is an orphan crop, it has entered the genomic era, with available sequences assisting molecular breeding efforts. This progress aids in associating single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and simple sequence repeats (SSR) with key economic traits, as well as identifying genes related to adaptability, oil production, fatty acid synthesis, and photosynthesis. Additionally, transcriptomic research can reveal genes involved in abiotic stress responses and adaptation to diverse climates. The mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) can identify loci linked to key traits such as capsule size, seed count per capsule, and capsule number per plant. This article reviews recent advances in sesame breeding, discusses ongoing challenges, and explores potential strategies for future improvement. Hence, integrating advanced genomic tools and breeding strategies provides promising ways to enhance sesame production to meet global demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Rauf
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Taiyyibah Basharat
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Adane Gebeyehu
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, 23053 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Mohammed Elsafy
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, 23053 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Mahbubjon Rahmatov
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, 23053 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, 23053 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Yalcin Kaya
- Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Engineering Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Turkey
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Lee KR, Yeo Y, Lee J, Kim S, Im C, Kim I, Lee J, Lee SK, Suh MC, Kim HU. Functional Characterization of the Effects of CsDGAT1 and CsDGAT2 on Fatty Acid Composition in Camelina sativa. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6944. [PMID: 39000052 PMCID: PMC11240937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are the storage oils of plant seeds, and these lipids provide energy for seed germination and valuable oils for human consumption. Three diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT1, DGAT2, and DGAT3) and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferases participate in the biosynthesis of TAGs. DGAT1 and DGAT2 participate in the biosynthesis of TAGs through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pathway. In this study, we functionally characterized CsDGAT1 and CsDGAT2 from camelina (Camelina sativa). Green fluorescent protein-fused CsDGAT1 and CsDGAT2 localized to the ER when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. To generate Csdgat1 and Csdgat2 mutants using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, camelina was transformed with a binary vector carrying Cas9 and the respective guide RNAs targeting CsDGAT1s and CsDGAT2s via the Agrobacterium-mediated floral dip method. The EDD1 lines had missense and nonsense mutations in the CsDGAT1 homoeologs, suggesting that they retained some CsDGAT1 function, and their seeds showed decreased eicosaenoic acid (C20:1) contents and increased C18:3 contents compared to the wild type (WT). The EDD2 lines had a complete knockout of all CsDGAT2 homoeologs and a slightly decreased C18:3 content compared to the WT. In conclusion, CsDGAT1 and CsDGAT2 have a small influence on the seed oil content and have an acyl preference for C20:1 and C18:3, respectively. This finding can be applied to develop oilseed plants containing high omega-3 fatty acids or high oleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Yeo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyea Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Semi Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Chorong Im
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Inyoung Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Juho Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Chung Suh
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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12
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Gao H, Xue J, Yuan L, Sun Y, Song Y, Zhang C, Li R, Jia X. Systematic characterization of CsbZIP transcription factors in Camelina sativa and functional analysis of CsbZIP-A12 mediating regulation of unsaturated fatty acid-enriched oil biosynthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132273. [PMID: 38734348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) function importantly in numerous life processes in plants. However, bZIP members and their biological roles remain unknown in Camelina sativa, a worldwide promising oil crop. Here, 220 CsbZIP proteins were identified in camelina and classified into thirteen groups. Two and 347 pairs of tandem and segmental duplication genes were detected to be underwent purification selection, with segmental duplication as the main driven-force of CsbZIP gene family expansion. Most CsbZIP genes displayed a tissue-specific expression pattern. Particularly, CsbZIP-A12 significantly positively correlated with many FA/oil biosynthesis-related genes, indicating CsbZIP-A12 may regulate lipid biosynthesis. Notably, yeast one-hybrid (Y1H), β-Glucuronidase (GUS), dual-luciferase (LUC) and EMSA assays evidenced that CsbZIP-A12 located in nucleus interacted with the promoters of CsSAD2-3 and CsFAD3-3 genes responsible for unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) synthesis, thus activating their transcriptions. Overexpression of CsbZIP-A12 led to an increase of total lipid by 3.275 % compared to the control, followed with oleic and α-linolenic acid levels enhanced by 3.4 % and 5.195 %, and up-regulated the expressions of CsSAD2-3, CsFAD3-3 and CsPDAT2-3 in camelina seeds. Furthermore, heterogeneous expression of CsbZIP-A12 significantly up-regulated the expressions of NtSAD2, NtFAD3 and NtPDAT genes in tobacco plants, thereby improving the levels of total lipids and UFAs in both leaves and seeds without negative effects on other agronomic traits. Together, our findings suggest that CsbZIP-A12 upregulates FA/oil biosynthesis by activating CsSAD2-3 and CsFAD3-3 as well as possible other related genes. These data lay a foundation for further functional analyses of CsbZIPs, providing new insights into the TF-based lipid metabolic engineering to increase vegetable oil yield and health-beneficial quality in oilseeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Gao
- College of Agronomy/Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Engineering Research Center for Genetics and Metabolism of Special Crops, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinai Xue
- College of Agronomy/Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Engineering Research Center for Genetics and Metabolism of Special Crops, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Lixia Yuan
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Agronomy/Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Engineering Research Center for Genetics and Metabolism of Special Crops, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanan Song
- College of Agronomy/Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Engineering Research Center for Genetics and Metabolism of Special Crops, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- College of Agronomy/Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Engineering Research Center for Genetics and Metabolism of Special Crops, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Runzhi Li
- College of Agronomy/Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Engineering Research Center for Genetics and Metabolism of Special Crops, Taigu, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Jia
- College of Agronomy/Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Engineering Research Center for Genetics and Metabolism of Special Crops, Taigu, Shanxi, China.
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13
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Helamieh M, Reich M, Rohne P, Riebesell U, Kerner M, Kümmerer K. Impact of green and blue-green light on the growth, pigment concentration, and fatty acid unsaturation in the microalga Monoraphidium braunii. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:587-595. [PMID: 37882377 DOI: 10.1111/php.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The spectral composition of light is an important factor for the metabolism of photosynthetic organisms. Several blue light-regulated metabolic processes have already been identified in the industrially relevant microalga Monoraphidium braunii. However, little is known about the spectral impact on this species' growth, fatty acid (FA), and pigment composition. In this study, M. braunii was cultivated under different light spectra (white light: 400-700 nm, blue light: 400-550 nm, green light: 450-600 nm, and red light: 580-700 nm) at 25°C for 96 h. The growth was monitored daily. Additionally, the FA composition, and pigment concentration was analyzed after 96 h. The highest biomass production was observed upon white light and red light irradiation. However, green light also led to comparably high biomass production, fueling the scientific debate about the contribution of weakly absorbed light wavelengths to microalgal biomass production. All light spectra (white, blue, and green) that comprised blue-green light (450-550 nm) led to a higher degree of FA unsaturation and a greater concentration of all identified pigments than red light. These results further contribute to the growing understanding that blue-green light is an essential trigger for maximized pigment concentration and FA unsaturation in green microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Helamieh
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
- Strategic Science Consult Ltd., Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Reich
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Rohne
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Therapeutical Life Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulf Riebesell
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
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14
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Rauf S, Fatima S, Ortiz R. Modification of Fatty Acid Profile and Oil Contents Using Gene Editing in Oilseed Crops for a Changing Climate. GM CROPS & FOOD 2023; 14:1-12. [PMID: 37551783 PMCID: PMC10761075 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2023.2243041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Mutation breeding based on various chemical and physical mutagens induces and disrupts non-target loci. Hence, large populations were required for visual screening, but desired plants were rare and it was a further laborious task to identify desirable mutants. Generated mutant had high defect due to non-targeted mutation, with poor agronomic performance. Mutation techniques were augmented by targeted induced local lesions in genome (TILLING) facilitating the selection of desirable germplasm. On the other hand, gene editing through CRISPR/Cas9 allows knocking down genes for site-directed mutation. This handy technique has been exploited for the modification of fatty acid profile. High oleic acid genetic stocks were obtained in a broad range of crops. Moreover, genes involved in the accumulation of undesirable seed components such as starch, polysaccharide, and flavors were knocked down to enhance seed quality, which helps to improve oil contents and reduces the anti-nutritional component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Rauf
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Seerat Fatima
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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15
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Fang C, Hamilton JP, Vaillancourt B, Wang YW, Wood JC, Deans NC, Scroggs T, Carlton L, Mailloux K, Douches DS, Nadakuduti SS, Jiang J, Buell CR. Cold stress induces differential gene expression of retained homeologs in Camelina sativa cv Suneson. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1271625. [PMID: 38034564 PMCID: PMC10687638 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1271625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz, a member of the Brassicaceae, has potential as a biofuel feedstock which is attributable to the production of fatty acids in its seeds, its fast growth cycle, and low input requirements. While a genome assembly is available for camelina, it was generated from short sequence reads and is thus highly fragmented in nature. Using long read sequences, we generated a chromosome-scale, highly contiguous genome assembly (644,491,969 bp) for the spring biotype cultivar 'Suneson' with an N50 contig length of 12,031,512 bp and a scaffold N50 length of 32,184,682 bp. Annotation of protein-coding genes revealed 91,877 genes that encode 133,355 gene models. We identified a total of 4,467 genes that were significantly up-regulated under cold stress which were enriched in gene ontology terms associated with "response to cold" and "response to abiotic stress". Coexpression analyses revealed multiple coexpression modules that were enriched in genes differentially expressed following cold stress that had putative functions involved in stress adaptation, specifically within the plastid. With access to a highly contiguous genome assembly, comparative analyses with Arabidopsis thaliana revealed 23,625 A. thaliana genes syntenic with 45,453 Suneson genes. Of these, 24,960 Suneson genes were syntenic to 8,320 A. thaliana genes reflecting a 3 camelina homeolog to 1 Arabidopsis gene relationship and retention of all three homeologs. Some of the retained triplicated homeologs showed conserved gene expression patterns under control and cold-stressed conditions whereas other triplicated homeologs displayed diverged expression patterns revealing sub- and neo-functionalization of the homeologs at the transcription level. Access to the chromosome-scale assembly of Suneson will enable both basic and applied research efforts in the improvement of camelina as a sustainable biofuel feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - John P. Hamilton
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Brieanne Vaillancourt
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yi-Wen Wang
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Joshua C. Wood
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Natalie C. Deans
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Taylor Scroggs
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Lemor Carlton
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kathrine Mailloux
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - David S. Douches
- Department of Plant, Soil & Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Satya Swathi Nadakuduti
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jiming Jiang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - C. Robin Buell
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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16
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Matinvafa MA, Makani S, Parsasharif N, Zahed MA, Movahed E, Ghiasvand S. CRISPR-Cas technology secures sustainability through its applications: a review in green biotechnology. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:383. [PMID: 37920190 PMCID: PMC10618153 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas system's applications in biotechnology offer a promising avenue for addressing pressing global challenges, such as climate change, environmental pollution, the energy crisis, and the food crisis, thereby advancing sustainability. The ever-growing demand for food due to the projected population of around 9.6 billion by 2050 requires innovation in agriculture. CRISPR-Cas technology emerges as a powerful solution, enhancing crop varieties, optimizing yields, and improving resilience to stressors. It offers multiple gene editing, base editing, and prime editing, surpassing conventional methods. CRISPR-Cas introduces disease and herbicide resistance, high-yielding, drought-tolerant, and water-efficient crops to address rising water utilization and to improve the efficiency of agricultural practices which promise food sustainability and revolutionize agriculture for the benefit of future generations. The application of CRISPR-Cas technology extends beyond agriculture to address environmental challenges. With the adverse impacts of climate change and pollution endangering ecosystems, there is a growing need for sustainable solutions. The technology's potential in carbon capture and reduction through bio-sequestration is a pivotal strategy for combating climate change. Genomic advancements allow for the development of genetically modified organisms, optimizing biofuel and biomaterial production, and contributing to a renewable and sustainable energy future. This study reviews the multifaceted applications of CRISPR-Cas technology in the agricultural and environmental fields and emphasizes its potential to secure a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Matinvafa
- Department of Biotechnology & Environment, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Makani
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, 14911 - 15719 Iran
| | - Negin Parsasharif
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zahed
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, 14911 - 15719 Iran
| | - Elaheh Movahed
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY USA
| | - Saeedeh Ghiasvand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Malayer University, Malayer, Hamedan, Iran
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17
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Dvorianinova EM, Zinovieva OL, Pushkova EN, Zhernova DA, Rozhmina TA, Povkhova LV, Novakovskiy RO, Sigova EA, Turba AA, Borkhert EV, Krasnov GS, Ruan C, Dmitriev AA, Melnikova NV. Key FAD2, FAD3, and SAD Genes Involved in the Fatty Acid Synthesis in Flax Identified Based on Genomic and Transcriptomic Data. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14885. [PMID: 37834335 PMCID: PMC10573214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
FAD (fatty acid desaturase) and SAD (stearoyl-ACP desaturase) genes play key roles in the synthesis of fatty acids (FA) and determination of oil composition in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). We searched for FAD and SAD genes in the most widely used flax genome of the variety CDC Bethune and three available long-read assembled flax genomes-YY5, 3896, and Atlant. We identified fifteen FAD2, six FAD3, and four SAD genes. Of all the identified genes, 24 were present in duplicated pairs. In most cases, two genes from a pair differed by a significant number of gene-specific SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) or even InDels (insertions/deletions), except for FAD2a-1 and FAD2a-2, where only seven SNPs distinguished these genes. Errors were detected in the FAD2a-1, FAD2a-2, FAD3c-1, and FAD3d-2 sequences in the CDC Bethune genome assembly but not in the long-read genome assemblies. Expression analysis of the available transcriptomic data for different flax organs/tissues revealed that FAD2a-1, FAD2a-2, FAD3a, FAD3b, SAD3-1, and SAD3-2 were specifically expressed in embryos/seeds/capsules and could play a crucial role in the synthesis of FA in flax seeds. In contrast, FAD2b-1, FAD2b-2, SAD2-1, and SAD2-2 were highly expressed in all analyzed organs/tissues and could be involved in FA synthesis in whole flax plants. FAD2c-2, FAD2d-1, FAD3c-1, FAD3c-2, FAD3d-1, FAD3d-2, SAD3-1, and SAD3-2 showed differential expression under stress conditions-Fusarium oxysporum infection and drought. The obtained results are essential for research on molecular mechanisms of fatty acid synthesis, FAD and SAD editing, and marker-assisted and genomic selection for breeding flax varieties with a determined fatty acid composition of oil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga L. Zinovieva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena N. Pushkova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Daiana A. Zhernova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Rozhmina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops, Torzhok 172002, Russia
| | - Liubov V. Povkhova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow 141701, Russia
| | - Roman O. Novakovskiy
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elizaveta A. Sigova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow 141701, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Turba
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena V. Borkhert
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - George S. Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Chengjiang Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow 141701, Russia
| | - Nataliya V. Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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18
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Blume RY, Kalendar R, Guo L, Cahoon EB, Blume YB. Overcoming genetic paucity of Camelina sativa: possibilities for interspecific hybridization conditioned by the genus evolution pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1259431. [PMID: 37818316 PMCID: PMC10561096 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1259431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Camelina or false flax (Camelina sativa) is an emerging oilseed crop and a feedstock for biofuel production. This species is believed to originate from Western Asian and Eastern European regions, where the center of diversity of the Camelina genus is located. Cultivated Camelina species arose via a series of polyploidization events, serving as bottlenecks narrowing genetic diversity of the species. The genetic paucity of C. sativa is foreseen as the most crucial limitation for successful breeding and improvement of this crop. A potential solution to this challenge could be gene introgression from Camelina wild species or from resynthesized allohexaploid C. sativa. However, both approaches would require a complete comprehension of the evolutionary trajectories that led to the C. sativa origin. Although there are some studies discussing the origin and evolution of Camelina hexaploid species, final conclusions have not been made yet. Here, we propose the most complete integrated evolutionary model for the Camelina genus based on the most recently described findings, which enables efficient improvement of C. sativa via the interspecific hybridization with its wild relatives. We also discuss issues of interspecific and intergeneric hybridization, aimed on improving C. sativa and overcoming the genetic paucity of this crop. The proposed comprehensive evolutionary model of Camelina species indicates that a newly described species Camelina neglecta has a key role in origin of tetra- and hexaploids, all of which have two C. neglecta-based subgenomes. Understanding of species evolution within the Camelina genus provides insights into further research on C. sativa improvements via gene introgression from wild species, and a potential resynthesis of this emerging oilseed crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostyslav Y. Blume
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ruslan Kalendar
- Institute of Biotechnology HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Edgar B. Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation & Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Yaroslav B. Blume
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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19
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Abstract
In contrast to traditional breeding, which relies on the identification of mutants, metabolic engineering provides a new platform to modify the oil composition in oil crops for improved nutrition. By altering endogenous genes involved in the biosynthesis pathways, it is possible to modify edible plant oils to increase the content of desired components or reduce the content of undesirable components. However, introduction of novel nutritional components such as omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids needs transgenic expression of novel genes in crops. Despite formidable challenges, significant progress in engineering nutritionally improved edible plant oils has recently been achieved, with some commercial products now on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qing Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, Australia;
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20
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Bengtsson JD, Wallis JG, Bai S, Browse J. The coexpression of two desaturases provides an optimized reduction of saturates in camelina oil. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:497-505. [PMID: 36382992 PMCID: PMC9946138 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the saturate content of vegetable oils is key to increasing their utility and adoption as a feedstock for the production of biofuels. Expression of either the FAT5 16 : 0-CoA desaturase from Caenorhabditis elegans, or an engineered cyanobacterial 16 : 0/18 : 0-glycerolipid desaturase, DES9*, in seeds of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) substantially lowered oil saturates. However, because pathway fluxes and regulation of oil synthesis are known to differ across species, translating this transgene technology from the model plant to crop species requires additional investigation. In the work reported here, we found that high expression of FAT5 in seeds of camelina (Camelina sativa) provided only a moderate decrease in saturates, from 12.9% of total oil fatty acids in untransformed controls to 8.6%. Expression of DES9* reduced saturates to 4.6%, but compromised seed physiology and oil content. However, the coexpression of the two desaturases together cooperatively reduced saturates to only 4.0%, less than one-third of the level in the parental line, without compromising oil yield or seedling germination and establishment. Our successful lowering of oil saturates in camelina identifies strategies that can now be integrated with genetic engineering approaches that reduce polyunsaturates to provide optimized oil composition for biofuels in camelina and other oil seed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D. Bengtsson
- Institute of Biological ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - James G. Wallis
- Institute of Biological ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Shuangyi Bai
- Institute of Biological ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - John Browse
- Institute of Biological ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
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21
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Verma V, Kumar A, Partap M, Thakur M, Bhargava B. CRISPR-Cas: A robust technology for enhancing consumer-preferred commercial traits in crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1122940. [PMID: 36824195 PMCID: PMC9941649 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1122940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The acceptance of new crop varieties by consumers is contingent on the presence of consumer-preferred traits, which include sensory attributes, nutritional value, industrial products and bioactive compounds production. Recent developments in genome editing technologies provide novel insight to identify gene functions and improve the various qualitative and quantitative traits of commercial importance in plants. Various conventional as well as advanced gene-mutagenesis techniques such as physical and chemical mutagenesis, CRISPR-Cas9, Cas12 and base editors are used for the trait improvement in crops. To meet consumer demand, breakthrough biotechnologies, especially CRISPR-Cas have received a fair share of scientific and industrial interest, particularly in plant genome editing. CRISPR-Cas is a versatile tool that can be used to knock out, replace and knock-in the desired gene fragments at targeted locations in the genome, resulting in heritable mutations of interest. This review highlights the existing literature and recent developments in CRISPR-Cas technologies (base editing, prime editing, multiplex gene editing, epigenome editing, gene delivery methods) for reliable and precise gene editing in plants. This review also discusses the potential of gene editing exhibited in crops for the improvement of consumer-demanded traits such as higher nutritional value, colour, texture, aroma/flavour, and production of industrial products such as biofuel, fibre, rubber and pharmaceuticals. In addition, the bottlenecks and challenges associated with gene editing system, such as off targeting, ploidy level and the ability to edit organelle genome have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipasha Verma
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) –Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Akhil Kumar
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) –Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Mahinder Partap
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) –Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Meenakshi Thakur
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) –Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Bhavya Bhargava
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) –Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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22
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Huang D, Gao L, McAdams J, Zhao F, Lu H, Wu Y, Martin J, Sherif SM, Subramanian J, Duan H, Liu W. Engineered Cleistogamy in Camelina sativa for bioconfinement. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhac280. [PMID: 36793756 PMCID: PMC9926159 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Camelina sativa is a self-pollinating and facultative outcrossing oilseed crop. Genetic engineering has been used to improve camelina yield potential for altered fatty acid composition, modified protein profiles, improved seed and oil yield, and enhanced drought resistance. The deployment of transgenic camelina in the field posits high risks related to the introgression of transgenes into non-transgenic camelina and wild relatives. Thus, effective bioconfinement strategies need to be developed to prevent pollen-mediated gene flow (PMGF) from transgenic camelina. In the present study, we overexpressed the cleistogamy (i.e. floral petal non-openness)-inducing PpJAZ1 gene from peach in transgenic camelina. Transgenic camelina overexpressing PpJAZ1 showed three levels of cleistogamy, affected pollen germination rates after anthesis but not during anthesis, and caused a minor silicle abortion only on the main branches. We also conducted field trials to examine the effects of the overexpressed PpJAZ1 on PMGF in the field, and found that the overexpressed PpJAZ1 dramatically inhibited PMGF from transgenic camelina to non-transgenic camelina under the field conditions. Thus, the engineered cleistogamy using the overexpressed PpJAZ1 is a highly effective bioconfinement strategy to limit PMGF from transgenic camelina, and could be used for bioconfinement in other dicot species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debao Huang
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Liwei Gao
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Jeremy McAdams
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Fangzhou Zhao
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Hongyan Lu
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei 430048, China
| | - Yonghui Wu
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Jeremy Martin
- Sandhills Research Station, North Carolina State University, Jackson Springs, NC 27281, USA
| | - Sherif M Sherif
- Vineland Research Station, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Vinland Station, ON LOR 2E0, Canada
- Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA 22602, USA
| | - Jayasankar Subramanian
- Vineland Research Station, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Vinland Station, ON LOR 2E0, Canada
| | - Hui Duan
- Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA 22602, USA
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23
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Ghidoli M, Ponzoni E, Araniti F, Miglio D, Pilu R. Genetic Improvement of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz: Opportunities and Challenges. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:570. [PMID: 36771654 PMCID: PMC9920110 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a renewed interest in novel crops has been developing due to the environmental issues associated with the sustainability of agricultural practices. In particular, a cover crop, Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz, belonging to the Brassicaceae family, is attracting the scientific community's interest for several desirable features. It is related to the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, and its oil extracted from the seeds can be used either for food and feed, or for industrial uses such as biofuel production. From an agronomic point of view, it can grow in marginal lands with little or no inputs, and is practically resistant to the most important pathogens of Brassicaceae. Although cultivated in the past, particularly in northern Europe and Italy, in the last century, it was abandoned. For this reason, little breeding work has been conducted to improve this plant, also because of the low genetic variability present in this hexaploid species. In this review, we summarize the main works on this crop, focused on genetic improvement with three main objectives: yield, seed oil content and quality, and reduction in glucosinolates content in the seed, which are the main anti-nutritional substances present in camelina. We also report the latest advances in utilising classical plant breeding, transgenic approaches, and CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ghidoli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Ponzoni
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Miglio
- Laboratory for Mother and Child Health, Department of Public Health, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Pilu
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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24
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May D, Paldi K, Altpeter F. Targeted mutagenesis with sequence-specific nucleases for accelerated improvement of polyploid crops: Progress, challenges, and prospects. THE PLANT GENOME 2023:e20298. [PMID: 36692095 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Many of the world's most important crops are polyploid. The presence of more than two sets of chromosomes within their nuclei and frequently aberrant reproductive biology in polyploids present obstacles to conventional breeding. The presence of a larger number of homoeologous copies of each gene makes random mutation breeding a daunting task for polyploids. Genome editing has revolutionized improvement of polyploid crops as multiple gene copies and/or alleles can be edited simultaneously while preserving the key attributes of elite cultivars. Most genome-editing platforms employ sequence-specific nucleases (SSNs) to generate DNA double-stranded breaks at their target gene. Such DNA breaks are typically repaired via the error-prone nonhomologous end-joining process, which often leads to frame shift mutations, causing loss of gene function. Genome editing has enhanced the disease resistance, yield components, and end-use quality of polyploid crops. However, identification of candidate targets, genotyping, and requirement of high mutagenesis efficiency remain bottlenecks for targeted mutagenesis in polyploids. In this review, we will survey the tremendous progress of SSN-mediated targeted mutagenesis in polyploid crop improvement, discuss its challenges, and identify optimizations needed to sustain further progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David May
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Katalin Paldi
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fredy Altpeter
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL, USA
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25
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Bioengineering of Soybean Oil and Its Impact on Agronomic Traits. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032256. [PMID: 36768578 PMCID: PMC9916542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean is a major oil crop and is also a dominant source of nutritional protein. The 20% seed oil content (SOC) of soybean is much lower than that in most oil crops and the fatty acid composition of its native oil cannot meet the specifications for some applications in the food and industrial sectors. Considerable effort has been expended on soybean bioengineering to tailor fatty acid profiles and improve SOC. Although significant advancements have been made, such as the creation of high-oleic acid soybean oil and high-SOC soybean, those genetic modifications have some negative impacts on soybean production, for instance, impaired germination or low protein content. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the bioengineering of soybean oil and its effects on agronomic traits.
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26
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Wang X, Yang J, Mohamed H, Shah AM, Li S, Pang S, Wu C, Xue F, Shi W, Sadaqat B, Song Y. Simultaneous overexpression of ∆6-, ∆12- and ∆9-desaturases enhanced the production of γ-linolenic acid in Mucor circinelloides WJ11. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1078157. [PMID: 36590442 PMCID: PMC9797528 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1078157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucor circinelloides WJ11, an oleaginous filamentous fungus, produces 36% lipid of its cell dry weight when cultured in a high C/N ratio medium, however, the yield of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) is insufficient to make it competitive with other plant sources. To increase the GLA content in M. circinelloides WJ11, this fungus was engineered by overexpression of its key genes such as Δ6-, Δ12-, and Δ9-desaturases involved in GLA production. Firstly, we tried to overexpress two Δ6-desaturase isozymes to determine which one played important role in GLA synthesis. Secondly, Δ6-and Δ12-desaturase were co-overexpressed to check whether linoleic acid (LA), the precursor for GLA synthesis, is a limiting factor or not. Moreover, we tried to explore the effects of simultaneous overexpression of Δ6-, Δ12-, and Δ9-desaturases on GLA production. Our results showed that overexpression (1 gene) of DES61 promoted higher GLA content (21% of total fatty acids) while co-overexpressing (2 genes) DES61 and DES12 and simultaneous overexpressing (3 genes) DES61, DES12, and DES91 increased the GLA production of engineered strains by 1.5 folds and 1.9 folds compared to the control strain, respectively. This study provided more insights into GLA biosynthesis in oleaginous fungi and laid a foundation for further increase in GLA production into fungus such as M. circinelloides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Wang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Junhuan Yang
- Department of Food Sciences, College of Food Science and Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hassan Mohamed
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China,Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Aabid Manzoor Shah
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Shaoqi Li
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Shuxian Pang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Chen Wu
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Futing Xue
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Wenyue Shi
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Beenish Sadaqat
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China,*Correspondence: Yuanda Song,
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27
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Song J, Wang X, Huang L, Li Z, Ren H, Wang J. Genetic dissection of the soybean dwarf mutant dm with integrated genomic, transcriptomic and methylomic analyses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1017672. [PMID: 36479521 PMCID: PMC9721362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1017672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant height affects crop production and breeding practices, while genetic control of dwarfism draws a broad interest of researchers. Dwarfism in soybean (Glycine max) is mainly unexplored. Here, we characterized a dwarf mutant dm screened from ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutated seeds of the soybean cultivar Zhongpin 661(ZP). Phenotypically, dm showed shorter and thinner stems, smaller leaves, and more nodes than ZP under greenhouse conditions. Genetically, whole-genome sequencing and comparison revealed that 210K variants of SNPs and InDel in ZP relative to the soybean reference genome Williams82, and EMS mutagenesis affected 636 genes with variants predicted to have a large impact on protein function in dm. Whole-genome methylation sequencing found 704 differentially methylated regions in dm. Further whole-genome RNA-Seq based transcriptomic comparison between ZP and dm leaves revealed 687 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 263 up-regulated and 424 down-regulated genes. Integrated omics analyses revealed 11 genes with both differential expressions and DNA variants, one gene with differential expression and differential methylation, and three genes with differential methylation and sequence variation, worthy of future investigation. Genes in cellulose, fatty acids, and energy-associated processes could be the key candidate genes for the dwarf phenotype. This study provides genetic clues for further understanding of the genetic control of dwarfism in soybean. The genetic resources could help to inbreed new cultivars with a desirable dwarf characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Song
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- National Key Facility for Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, AB, United States
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Computer Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhongfeng Li
- National Key Facility for Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honglei Ren
- National Key Facility for Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Soybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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28
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Wu Y, Gao W, Li X, Sun S, Xu J, Shi X, Guo H. Regulatory mechanisms of fatty acids biosynthesis in Armeniaca sibirica seed kernel oil at different developmental stages. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14125. [PMID: 36213508 PMCID: PMC9541615 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Armeniaca sibirica seed kernel oil is rich in oleic acid and linoleic acid, thus holding potential value as a source of high-quality edible oils. However, some regulatory factors involved in fatty acids accumulation in A. sibirica seed kernels remain largely elusive. Thus, the aim of this study was to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying fatty acids biosynthesis in A. sibirica developing seed kernels. Methods Seed kernels from six plants from a single A. sibirica clone were taken at five different developmental stages (days 30, 41, 52, 63, and 73 after anthesis). Fatty acid composition in seed kernel oil was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, transcriptome analysis was conducted using second-generation sequencing (SGS) and single-molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT). Results Rapid accumulation of fatty acids occurred throughout the different stages of seed kernels development, with oleic acid and linoleic acid as the main fatty acids. A total of 10,024, 9,803, 6,004, 6,719 and 9,688 unigenes were matched in the Nt, Nr, KOG, GO and KEGG databases, respectively. In the category lipid metabolism, 228 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were annotated into 13 KEGG pathways. Specific unigenes encoding 12 key enzymes related to fatty acids biosynthesis were determined. Co-expression network analysis identified 11 transcription factors (TFs) and 13 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which putatively participate in the regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis. This study provides insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of fatty acids biosynthesis in A. sibirica developing seed kernels, and enabled the identification of novel candidate factors for future improvement of the production and quality of seed kernel oil by breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueliang Wu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,The Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenya Gao
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,The Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinli Li
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,The Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shilin Sun
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,The Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,The Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Shi
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,The Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huiyan Guo
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,The Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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29
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CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing of BnFAD2 and BnFAE1 Modifies Fatty Acid Profiles in Brassica napus. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101681. [PMID: 36292566 PMCID: PMC9602045 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) composition determines the quality of oil from oilseed crops, and thus is a major target for genetic improvement. FAD2 (Fatty acid dehydrogenase 2) and FAE1 (fatty acid elongase 1) are critical FA synthetic genes, and have been the focus of genetic manipulation to alter fatty acid composition in oilseed plants. In this study, to improve the nutritional quality of rapeseed cultivar CY2 (about 50% oil content; of which 40% erucic acid), we generated novel knockout plants by CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing of BnFAD2 and BnFAE1 genes. Two guide RNAs were designed to target one copy of the BnFAD2 gene and two copies of the BnFAE1 gene, respectively. A number of lines with mutations at three target sites of BnFAD2 and BnFAE1 genes were identified by sequence analysis. Three of these lines showed mutations in all three target sites of the BnFAD2 and BnFAE1 genes. Fatty acid composition analysis of seeds revealed that mutations at all three sites resulted in significantly increased oleic acid (70–80%) content compared with that of CY2 (20%), greatly reduced erucic acid levels and slightly decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids content. Our results confirmed that the CRISPR/Cas9 system is an effective tool for improving this important trait.
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30
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Park ME, Kim HU. Applications and prospects of genome editing in plant fatty acid and triacylglycerol biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:969844. [PMID: 36119569 PMCID: PMC9471015 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.969844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG), which is a neutral lipid, has a structure in which three molecules of fatty acid (FA) are ester-bonded to one molecule of glycerol. TAG is important energy source for seed germination and seedling development in plants. Depending on the FA composition of the TAG, it is used as an edible oil or industrial material for cosmetics, soap, and lubricant. As the demand for plant oil is rising worldwide, either the type of FA must be changed or the total oil content of various plants must be increased. In this review, we discuss the regulation of FA metabolism by Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9, a recent genome-editing technology applicable to various plants. The development of plants with higher levels of oleic acid or lower levels of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in seeds are discussed. In addition, the current status of research on acyltransferases, phospholipases, TAG lipases, and TAG synthesis in vegetative tissues is described. Finally, strategies for the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in lipid metabolism studies are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mid-Eum Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
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31
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Kumar D, Yadav A, Ahmad R, Dwivedi UN, Yadav K. CRISPR-Based Genome Editing for Nutrient Enrichment in Crops: A Promising Approach Toward Global Food Security. Front Genet 2022; 13:932859. [PMID: 35910203 PMCID: PMC9329789 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.932859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The global malnutrition burden imparts long-term developmental, economic, social, and medical consequences to individuals, communities, and countries. The current developments in biotechnology have infused biofortification in several food crops to fight malnutrition. However, these methods are not sustainable and suffer from several limitations, which are being solved by the CRISPR-Cas-based system of genome editing. The pin-pointed approach of CRISPR-based genome editing has made it a top-notch method due to targeted gene editing, thus making it free from ethical issues faced by transgenic crops. The CRISPR-Cas genome-editing tool has been extensively used in crop improvement programs due to its more straightforward design, low methodology cost, high efficiency, good reproducibility, and quick cycle. The system is now being utilized in the biofortification of cereal crops such as rice, wheat, barley, and maize, including vegetable crops such as potato and tomato. The CRISPR-Cas-based crop genome editing has been utilized in imparting/producing qualitative enhancement in aroma, shelf life, sweetness, and quantitative improvement in starch, protein, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), oleic acid, anthocyanin, phytic acid, gluten, and steroidal glycoalkaloid contents. Some varieties have even been modified to become disease and stress-resistant. Thus, the present review critically discusses CRISPR-Cas genome editing-based biofortification of crops for imparting nutraceutical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Anurag Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agriculture University, Banaskantha, India
| | - Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era Medical University and Hospital, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Kusum Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
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32
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Hamdan MF, Mohd Noor SN, Abd-Aziz N, Pua TL, Tan BC. Green Revolution to Gene Revolution: Technological Advances in Agriculture to Feed the World. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1297. [PMID: 35631721 PMCID: PMC9146367 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Technological applications in agriculture have evolved substantially to increase crop yields and quality to meet global food demand. Conventional techniques, such as seed saving, selective breeding, and mutation breeding (variation breeding), have dramatically increased crop production, especially during the 'Green Revolution' in the 1990s. However, newer issues, such as limited arable lands, climate change, and ever-increasing food demand, pose challenges to agricultural production and threaten food security. In the following 'Gene Revolution' era, rapid innovations in the biotechnology field provide alternative strategies to further improve crop yield, quality, and resilience towards biotic and abiotic stresses. These innovations include the introduction of DNA recombinant technology and applications of genome editing techniques, such as transcription activator-like effector (TALEN), zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated (CRISPR/Cas) systems. However, the acceptance and future of these modern tools rely on the regulatory frameworks governing their development and production in various countries. Herein, we examine the evolution of technological applications in agriculture, focusing on the motivations for their introduction, technical challenges, possible benefits and concerns, and regulatory frameworks governing genetically engineered product development and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fadhli Hamdan
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Siti Nurfadhlina Mohd Noor
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
| | - Nazrin Abd-Aziz
- Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Pagoh 84600, Malaysia;
| | - Teen-Lee Pua
- Topplant Laboratories Sdn. Bhd., Jalan Ulu Beranang, Negeri Sembilan 71750, Malaysia;
| | - Boon Chin Tan
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
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Neupane D, Lohaus RH, Solomon JKQ, Cushman JC. Realizing the Potential of Camelina sativa as a Bioenergy Crop for a Changing Global Climate. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11060772. [PMID: 35336654 PMCID: PMC8951600 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz. is an annual oilseed crop within the Brassicaceae family. C. sativa has been grown since as early as 4000 BCE. In recent years, C. sativa received increased attention as a climate-resilient oilseed, seed meal, and biofuel (biodiesel and renewable or green diesel) crop. This renewed interest is reflected in the rapid rise in the number of peer-reviewed publications (>2300) containing “camelina” from 1997 to 2021. An overview of the origins of this ancient crop and its genetic diversity and its yield potential under hot and dry growing conditions is provided. The major biotic barriers that limit C. sativa production are summarized, including weed control, insect pests, and fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens. Ecosystem services provided by C. sativa are also discussed. The profiles of seed oil and fatty acid composition and the many uses of seed meal and oil are discussed, including food, fodder, fuel, industrial, and medical benefits. Lastly, we outline strategies for improving this important and versatile crop to enhance its production globally in the face of a rapidly changing climate using molecular breeding, rhizosphere microbiota, genetic engineering, and genome editing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhurba Neupane
- MS330/Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (D.N.); (R.H.L.)
| | - Richard H. Lohaus
- MS330/Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (D.N.); (R.H.L.)
| | - Juan K. Q. Solomon
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary & Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA;
| | - John C. Cushman
- MS330/Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (D.N.); (R.H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-775-784-1918
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Okooboh GO, Haferkamp I, Valifard M, Pommerrenig B, Kelly A, Feussner I, Neuhaus HE. Overexpression of the vacuolar sugar importer BvTST1 from sugar beet in Camelina improves seed properties and leads to altered root characteristics. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13653. [PMID: 35187664 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the vacuolar sugar transporter TST1 in Arabidopsis leads to higher seed lipid levels and higher total seed yield per plant. However, effects on fruit biomass have not been observed in crop plants like melon, strawberry, cotton, apple, or tomato with increased tonoplast sugar transporter (TST) activity. Thus, it was unclear whether overexpression of TST in selected crops might lead to increased fruit yield, as observed in Arabidopsis. Here, we report that constitutive overexpression of TST1 from sugar beet in the important crop species Camelina sativa (false flax) resembles the seed characteristics observed for Arabidopsis upon increased TST activity. These effects go along with a stimulation of sugar export from source leaves and not only provoke optimised seed properties like higher lipid levels and increased overall seed yield per plant, but also modify the root architecture of BvTST1 overexpressing Camelina lines. Such mutants grew longer primary roots and showed an increased number of lateral roots, especially when developed under conditions of limited water supply. These changes in root properties result in a stabilisation of total seed yield under drought conditions. In summary, we demonstrate that increased vacuolar TST activity may lead to optimised yield of an oil-seed crop species with high levels of healthy ω3 fatty acids in storage lipids. Moreover, since BvTST1 overexpressing Camelina mutants, in addition, exhibit optimised yield under limited water availability, we might devise a strategy to create crops with improved tolerance against drought, representing one of the most challenging environmental cues today and in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria O Okooboh
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern
| | - Ilka Haferkamp
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern
| | - Marzieh Valifard
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern
| | - Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern
| | - Amélie Kelly
- Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Yang Y, Xu C, Shen Z, Yan C. Crop Quality Improvement Through Genome Editing Strategy. Front Genome Ed 2022; 3:819687. [PMID: 35174353 PMCID: PMC8841430 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2021.819687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Good quality of crops has always been the most concerning aspect for breeders and consumers. However, crop quality is a complex trait affected by both the genetic systems and environmental factors, thus, it is difficult to improve through traditional breeding strategies. Recently, the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system, enabling efficiently targeted modification, has revolutionized the field of quality improvement in most crops. In this review, we briefly review the various genome editing ability of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, such as gene knockout, knock-in or replacement, base editing, prime editing, and gene expression regulation. In addition, we highlight the advances in crop quality improvement applying the CRISPR/Cas9 system in four main aspects: macronutrients, micronutrients, anti-nutritional factors and others. Finally, the potential challenges and future perspectives of genome editing in crop quality improvement is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chenda Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou, China
| | - Changjie Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Plant monounsaturated fatty acids: Diversity, biosynthesis, functions and uses. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 85:101138. [PMID: 34774919 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monounsaturated fatty acids are straight-chain aliphatic monocarboxylic acids comprising a unique carbon‑carbon double bond, also termed unsaturation. More than 50 distinct molecular structures have been described in the plant kingdom, and more remain to be discovered. The evolution of land plants has apparently resulted in the convergent evolution of non-homologous enzymes catalyzing the dehydrogenation of saturated acyl chain substrates in a chemo-, regio- and stereoselective manner. Contrasted enzymatic characteristics and different subcellular localizations of these desaturases account for the diversity of existing fatty acid structures. Interestingly, the location and geometrical configuration of the unsaturation confer specific characteristics to these molecules found in a variety of membrane, storage, and surface lipids. An ongoing research effort aimed at exploring the links existing between fatty acid structures and their biological functions has already unraveled the importance of several monounsaturated fatty acids in various physiological and developmental contexts. What is more, the monounsaturated acyl chains found in the oils of seeds and fruits are widely and increasingly used in the food and chemical industries due to the physicochemical properties inherent in their structures. Breeders and plant biotechnologists therefore develop new crops with high monounsaturated contents for various agro-industrial purposes.
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Paolo D, Locatelli F, Cominelli E, Pirona R, Pozzo S, Graziani G, Ritieni A, De Palma M, Docimo T, Tucci M, Sparvoli F. Towards a Cardoon ( Cynara cardunculus var. altilis)-Based Biorefinery: A Case Study of Improved Cell Cultures via Genetic Modulation of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111978. [PMID: 34769407 PMCID: PMC8584892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultivated cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. altilis L.) is a promising candidate species for the development of plant cell cultures suitable for large-scale biomass production and recovery of nutraceuticals. We set up a protocol for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, which can be used for the improvement of cardoon cell cultures in a frame of biorefinery. As high lignin content determines lower saccharification yields for the biomass, we opted for a biotechnological approach, with the purpose of reducing lignin content; we generated transgenic lines overexpressing the Arabidopsis thaliana MYB4 transcription factor, a known repressor of lignin/flavonoid biosynthesis. Here, we report a comprehensive characterization, including metabolic and transcriptomic analyses of AtMYB4 overexpression cardoon lines, in comparison to wild type, underlining favorable traits for their use in biorefinery. Among these, the improved accessibility of the lignocellulosic biomass to degrading enzymes due to depletion of lignin content, the unexpected increased growth rates, and the valuable nutraceutical profiles, in particular for hydroxycinnamic/caffeoylquinic and fatty acids profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Paolo
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (F.S.); Tel.: +39-0223699407 (D.P.); +39-0223699435 (F.S.)
| | - Franca Locatelli
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Eleonora Cominelli
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Raul Pirona
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Sara Pozzo
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy—University of Naples Federico II (UNINA), Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy—University of Naples Federico II (UNINA), Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Monica De Palma
- National Research Council—Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Teresa Docimo
- National Research Council—Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Marina Tucci
- National Research Council—Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Francesca Sparvoli
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (F.S.); Tel.: +39-0223699407 (D.P.); +39-0223699435 (F.S.)
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