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Ren Y, Liu JM, He LP, Jiang JJ, Gong T, Zhou Q, Liu J, Li Q, Tang N, Chen ZX. Effect of Salicylic Acid Treatment on Disease Resistance to Coleosporium zanthoxyli in Chinese Pepper ( Zanthoxylum armatum). PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:960-970. [PMID: 37858967 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-23-1880-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The fungus Coleosporium zanthoxyli causes leaf rust in Chinese pepper (Zanthoxylum armatum). To investigate the control effect of elicitor treatment on leaf rust in this species, the impact of salicylic acid (SA) on the spores and growth of C. zanthoxyli and the induced resistance to leaf rust by Z. armatum were analyzed, and the possible defense mechanisms involved in SA induction were evaluated. The results showed that SA had no effect on C. zanthoxyli spore germination and growth; however, rust resistance was induced in Z. armatum. The optimal SA treatment concentration was 0.4 mg/ml, and the relative cure effect reached 44.56%. SA-induced disease resistance was evident for up to 10 days, while the optimal induction interval was 48 h after stimulation. Consistent with the induced resistance, H2O2, total protein, total phenol, and lignin concentrations and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly increased with the SA treatment, whereas the malondialdehyde content was significantly decreased. In addition, exogenous SA promoted defense-related enzyme activities, including those of POD, CAT, and PAL, and increased H2O2, lignin, and endogenous SA contents. Furthermore, SA induced the expression of SA signaling pathway genes such as ZaPR1 and ZaNPR1, and silencing ZaPR1 enhanced the sensitivity of Z. armatum to leaf rust. Our results demonstrated that 0.4 mg/ml SA priming increased the activities of CAT, POD, and PAL, elevated the contents of H2O2, lignin, and endogenous SA, and upregulated the expression of the SA-related gene ZaPR1, thereby enhancing the resistance of Z. armatum to leaf rust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology/Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia-Min Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology/Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Liang-Ping He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology/Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Jin-Jue Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology/Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology/Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology/Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology/Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology/Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Ning Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology/Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Ze-Xiong Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology/Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
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Antón-Domínguez BI, López-Moral A, Romero-Salguero FJ, Trapero A, Trapero C, Agustí-Brisach C. Bioprotection of Olive Trees Against Verticillium Wilt by Pomegranate and Carob Extracts. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1073-1082. [PMID: 37933148 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-23-1770-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioprotection through the use of plant extracts is an environmentally friendly strategy in crop protection. Effective control of Verticillium wilt of olive (Olea europaea; VWO), caused by Verticillium dahliae, has proven challenging because of the ineffectiveness of chemicals, which makes it necessary to search for new control tools. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) and carob (Ceratonia siliqua) extracts on VWO. Extracts derived from pomegranate peels and carob pods and leaves were obtained using ethanol, methanol, or ethyl acetate as a solvent. A targeted analysis of their metabolite composition was performed using QTRAP ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Remarkably, gallic acid was detected in all extracts at a high concentration. The effect of the extracts on the mycelial growth and on the germination of conidia and microsclerotia of V. dahliae was evaluated by in vitro sensitivity tests at various doses: 0 (control), 3, 30, 300, and 3,000 mg of extract/liter. Extracts obtained with ethanol or methanol significantly reduced the viability of V. dahliae structures when applied at the highest dose, while those obtained with ethyl acetate were ineffective across all doses. The most effective extracts, as determined in vitro, were then evaluated against the disease in olive plants. Potted plants of the cultivar Picual were treated by spraying (foliar application) or irrigation (root application) of extracts at 3,000 mg/liter, followed by inoculation with V. dahliae. The results indicated that foliar applications were ineffective, while root treatments with pomegranate peel or carob leaf extracts were more effective in reducing disease severity, regardless of the solvent, compared with that of the untreated control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña I Antón-Domínguez
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-2024), ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Celestino Mutis, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana López-Moral
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-2024), ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Celestino Mutis, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J Romero-Salguero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Trapero
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-2024), ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Celestino Mutis, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Trapero
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-2024), ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Celestino Mutis, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Agustí-Brisach
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-2024), ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Celestino Mutis, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Antón-Domínguez BI, Díaz-Díaz M, Acedo-Antequera FA, Trapero C, Agustí-Brisach C. Use of natural-based commercial products as an alternative for providing bioprotection against verticillium wilt of olive. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38482895 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of the ineffectiveness of existing control methods against Verticillium dahliae, the causal agent of verticillium wilt of olive (Olea europaea; VWO), it is necessary to search for sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives, such as bioprotection by products based on plant extracts and other naturally synthesized compounds. Therefore, present study aimed to evaluate the effects of seven natural-based commercial products on the inhibition of mycelial growth, the germination of V. dahliae conidia and microsclerotia, and disease progression in olive plants (cv. Picual). Aluminium lignosulfonate and a copper phosphonate salt (copper phosphite) were included for comparative purposes. RESULTS The seaweed and willow extracts and copper phosphite inhibited V. dahliae mycelial growth by more than 50% at the high doses tested. Most of the products inhibited conidial germination by up to 90% compared to the control at the high doses tested. However, none of the products showed efficacy above 50% in inhibiting microsclerotia germination. The willow extract was the most effective at reducing disease severity and progression in olive plants, with no significant differences compared to the non-inoculated negative control. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that the use of natural-based products (i.e. seaweed and willow extracts) is a potential sustainable alternative in an integrated VWO control strategy. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña I Antón-Domínguez
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-24), ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Miriam Díaz-Díaz
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-24), ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Bioactivos Químicos (CBQ), Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas (UCLV), Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba
| | - Francisca A Acedo-Antequera
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-24), ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Trapero
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-24), ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Agustí-Brisach
- Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-24), ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Wang D, Yuan C, Li Y, Bai S, Feng J, Wang Y, Fang Y, Zhang Z. Chelation of the Optimal Antifungal Pogostone Analogue with Copper(II) to Explore the Dual Antifungal and Antibacterial Agent. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3894-3903. [PMID: 38366986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
In an ongoing effort to explore more potent antifungal pogostone (Po) analogues, we maintained the previously identified 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-2-pyrone core motif while synthesizing a series of Po analogues with variations in the alkyl side chain. The in vitro bioassay results revealed that compound 21 was the most potent antifungal analogue with an EC50 value of 1.1 μg/mL against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. Meanwhile, its Cu(II) complex 34 manifested significantly enhanced antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris (Xcc) with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 300 μg/mL compared with 21 (MIC = 700 μg/mL). Complex 34 exhibited a striking preventive effect against S. sclerotiorum and Xcc in rape leaves, with control efficacies of 98.8% (50 μg/mL) and 80.7% (1000 μg/mL), respectively. The 3D-QSAR models generated using Topomer comparative molecular field analysis indicated that a shorter alkyl chain (carbon atom number <8), terminal rings, or electron-deficient groups on the alkyl side chain are beneficial for antifungal potency. Further, bioassay results revealed that the component of 21 in complex 34 dominated the antifungal activity, but the introduction of Cu(II) significantly enhanced its antibacterial activity. The toxicological observations demonstrated that 21 could induce abnormal mitochondrial morphology, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in S. sclerotiorum. The enzyme assay results showed that 21 is a moderate promiscuous inhibitor of mitochondrial complexes II and III. Besides, the introduction of Cu(II) to 34 could promote the disruption of the cell membrane and intracellular proteins and the ROS level in Xcc compared with 21. In summary, these results highlight the potential of 34 as a dual antifungal and antibacterial biocide for controlling rape diseases or as a promising candidate for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunxia Yuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuhong Bai
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yali Fang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhijia Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
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Funes CF, Larach A, Besoain X, Serrano DD, Hadad C, Pedreschi R, Van Nhien AN, Fuentealba C. Active coatings based on oxidized chitin nanocrystals and silk fibroins for the control of anthracnose in 'Hass' avocados. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126673. [PMID: 37660850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest avocado losses are mainly due to anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Chemical fungicides are effective, but their negative effects on health and the environment have led to the search for sustainable alternatives such as biopolymer-based coatings and natural compounds. Therefore, chitin nanocrystals (NCChit) were extracted using a sustainable deep eutectic solvent (DES) and chemically modified into oxidized chitin nanocrystals (O-NCChit) or deacetylated chitin nanocrystals (D-NCChit) to modulate and increase the charge surface density and the dispersibility of the crystals. The modified NCChits were dispersed with silk fibroins (SF), essential oil (EO), melatonin (MT) and/or phenylalanine (Phe) to elaborate active coatings. Antioxidant and antifungal in vitro analyses showed that the O-NCChit/SF-based coating had the best performance. In addition, in vivo tests were carried out through the artificial inoculation of C. gloeosporioides on coated avocados. O-NCChit/SF/MT-based coatings reduced the severity of anthracnose by 45 %, the same effect as the chemical fungicide (Prochloraz®). Moreover, avocado quality parameters during cold storage and the shelf-life period were also evaluated, where nonsignificant differences were observed. Therefore, this study demonstrates the great potential of O-NCChit and SF in combination with active compounds for the control of anthracnose in 'Hass' avocados.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Ferreira Funes
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Calle San Francisco s/n, La Palma, Quillota, Chile; Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, UR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, UFR des Sciences, 80039 Amiens cedex, France; Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Alejandra Larach
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Calle San Francisco s/n, La Palma, Quillota, Chile
| | - Ximena Besoain
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Calle San Francisco s/n, La Palma, Quillota, Chile
| | - Daniela Duarte Serrano
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, UR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, UFR des Sciences, 80039 Amiens cedex, France; Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Caroline Hadad
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, UR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, UFR des Sciences, 80039 Amiens cedex, France; Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Romina Pedreschi
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Calle San Francisco s/n, La Palma, Quillota, Chile
| | - Albert Nguyen Van Nhien
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, UR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, UFR des Sciences, 80039 Amiens cedex, France; Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Claudia Fuentealba
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Calle San Francisco s/n, La Palma, Quillota, Chile.
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Oliveira-Fernandes J, Oliveira-Pinto PR, Mariz-Ponte N, Sousa RMOF, Santos C. Satureja montana and Mentha pulegium essential oils' antimicrobial properties against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and elicitor potential through the modulation of kiwifruit hormonal defenses. Microbiol Res 2023; 277:127490. [PMID: 37722185 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is responsible for the kiwifruit bacterial canker, the most severe disease of Actinidia spp. The use in agriculture of antibiotics and cooper-based compounds is increasingly being restricted, demanding for new sustainable alternatives to current agrochemicals. We aimed to characterize the anti-Psa potential of essential oils (EOs) of Mentha pulegium and Satureja montana and investigate if they elicit the plant-host hormonal defenses. The EOs were characterized through gas-chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and mass spectrometry (MS). Pulegone (78.6%) and carvacrol (43.5%) were the major constituents of M. pulegium and S. montana EO, respectively. Only S. montana EO showed relevant anti-Psa activity in vitro. To evaluate if the EOs also elicited host defenses, in vitro shoots were treated with 2 mg shoot-1 of EO-solution and subsequently inoculated with Psa three days later. Shoots were analyzed 10 min, three days (and 10 min after Psa-inoculation), four and ten days after EO application. The up/down regulation of RNA-transcripts for hormone biosynthesis, Psa biofilm production and virulence genes were quantified by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Phytohormones were quantified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). S. montana EO showed the most promising results as a defense elicitor, increasing 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) by 131.07% and reducing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels by 49.19%. Decreases of salicylic acid (SA), and gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) levels by 32.55% and 33.09% respectively and an increase of abscisic acid (ABA) by 85.03%, in M. pulegium EO-treated shoots, revealed some protective post-infection effect. This is the most comprehensive research on the Psa's impact on phytohormones. It also unveils the protective influence of prior EO exposure, clarifying the plant hormonal response to subsequent infections. The results reinforce the hypothesis that carvacrol-rich S. montana EO can be a suitable disease control agent against Psa infection. Its dual action against pathogens and elicitation of host plant defenses make it a promising candidate for incorporation into environmentally friendly disease management approaches. Nonetheless, to fully leverage these promising results, further research is imperative to elucidate the EO mode of action and evaluate the long-term efficacy of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Oliveira-Fernandes
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169- 007 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo R Oliveira-Pinto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169- 007 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Mariz-Ponte
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169- 007 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; CIBIO-InBIO, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Rose M O F Sousa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169- 007 Porto, Portugal; GreenUPorto/Inov4Agro, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal; CITAB/Inov4Agro, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169- 007 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Scarpin D, Nerva L, Chitarra W, Moffa L, D'Este F, Vuerich M, Filippi A, Braidot E, Petrussa E. Characterisation and functionalisation of chitosan nanoparticles as carriers for double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules towards sustainable crop protection. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20230817. [PMID: 37881894 PMCID: PMC10643051 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20230817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The need to minimise the impact of phytosanitary treatments for disease control boosted researchers to implement techniques with less environmental impact. The development of technologies using molecular mechanisms based on the modulation of metabolism by short dsRNA sequences appears promising. The intrinsic fragility of polynucleotides and the high cost of these techniques can be circumvented by nanocarriers that protect the bioactive molecule enabling high efficiency delivery to the leaf surface and extending its half-life. In this work, a specific protocol was developed aiming to assess the best methodological conditions for the synthesis of low-size chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) to be loaded with nucleotides. In particular, NPs have been functionalised with partially purified Green Fluorescent Protein dsRNAs (GFP dsRNA) and their size, surface charge and nucleotide retention capacity were analysed. Final NPs were also stained with FITC and sprayed on Nicotiana benthamiana leaves to assess, by confocal microscopy, both a distribution protocol and the fate of NPs up to 6 days after application. Finally, to confirm the ability of NPs to increase the efficacy of dsRNA interference, specific tests were performed: by means of GFP dsRNA-functionalised NPs, the nucleotide permanence during time was assessed both in vitro on detached wild-type N. benthamiana leaves and in planta; lastly, the inhibition of Botrytis cinerea on single leaves was also evaluated, using a specific fungal sequence (Bc dsRNA) as the NPs' functionalising agent. The encouraging results obtained are promising in the perspective of long-lasting application of innovative treatments based on gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Scarpin
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Luca Nerva
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-VE), Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - Walter Chitarra
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-VE), Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - Loredana Moffa
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-VE), Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - Francesca D'Este
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marco Vuerich
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Antonio Filippi
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Enrico Braidot
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Elisa Petrussa
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Santiago-Santiago M, Sánchez-Viveros G, Hernández-Adame L, Chiquito-Contreras CJ, Salinas-Castro A, Chiquito-Contreras RG, Hernández-Montiel LG. Essential Oils and Antagonistic Microorganisms as Eco-Friendly Alternatives for Coffee Leaf Rust Control. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3519. [PMID: 37895983 PMCID: PMC10609872 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Coffee leaf rust (CLR) is caused by the biotrophic fungus Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Br., a disease of economic importance, reducing coffee yield up to 60%. Currently, CLR epidemics have negatively impacted food security. Therefore, the objective of the present research study is to show a current framework of this disease and its effects on diverse areas, as well as the biological systems used for its control, mode of action, and effectiveness. The use of essential plant oils and antagonistic microorganisms to H. vastatrix are highlighted. Terpenes, terpenoids, and aromatic compounds are the main constituents of these oils, which alter the cell wall and membrane composition and modify the basic cell functions. Beneficial microorganisms inhibit urediniospore germination and reduce disease incidence and severity. The antagonistic microorganisms and essential oils of some aromatic plants have great potential in agriculture. These biological systems may have more than one mechanism of action, which reduces the possibility of the emergence of resistant strains of H. vastatrix.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Sánchez-Viveros
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91090, Mexico; (G.S.-V.); (C.J.C.-C.)
| | - Luis Hernández-Adame
- CONAHCYT-Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz 23096, Mexico;
- Nanotechnology & Microbial Biocontrol Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz 23096, Mexico
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9
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Anand U, Pal T, Yadav N, Singh VK, Tripathi V, Choudhary KK, Shukla AK, Sunita K, Kumar A, Bontempi E, Ma Y, Kolton M, Singh AK. Current Scenario and Future Prospects of Endophytic Microbes: Promising Candidates for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management for Agricultural and Environmental Sustainability. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:1455-1486. [PMID: 36917283 PMCID: PMC10497456 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Globally, substantial research into endophytic microbes is being conducted to increase agricultural and environmental sustainability. Endophytic microbes such as bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi inhabit ubiquitously within the tissues of all plant species without causing any harm or disease. Endophytes form symbiotic relationships with diverse plant species and can regulate numerous host functions, including resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, growth and development, and stimulating immune systems. Moreover, plant endophytes play a dominant role in nutrient cycling, biodegradation, and bioremediation, and are widely used in many industries. Endophytes have a stronger predisposition for enhancing mineral and metal solubility by cells through the secretion of organic acids with low molecular weight and metal-specific ligands (such as siderophores) that alter soil pH and boost binding activity. Finally, endophytes synthesize various bioactive compounds with high competence that are promising candidates for new drugs, antibiotics, and medicines. Bioprospecting of endophytic novel secondary metabolites has given momentum to sustainable agriculture for combating environmental stresses. Biotechnological interventions with the aid of endophytes played a pivotal role in crop improvement to mitigate biotic and abiotic stress conditions like drought, salinity, xenobiotic compounds, and heavy metals. Identification of putative genes from endophytes conferring resistance and tolerance to crop diseases, apart from those involved in the accumulation and degradation of contaminants, could open new avenues in agricultural research and development. Furthermore, a detailed molecular and biochemical understanding of endophyte entry and colonization strategy in the host would better help in manipulating crop productivity under changing climatic conditions. Therefore, the present review highlights current research trends based on the SCOPUS database, potential biotechnological interventions of endophytic microorganisms in combating environmental stresses influencing crop productivity, future opportunities of endophytes in improving plant stress tolerance, and their contribution to sustainable remediation of hazardous environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttpal Anand
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
| | - Tarun Pal
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Niraj Yadav
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker Campus, 8499000, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Vipin Kumar Singh
- Department of Botany, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya affiliated to Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, 224123, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Choudhary
- Department of Botany, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar Shukla
- Department of Botany, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya affiliated to Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, 224123, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kumari Sunita
- Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 15159, 7505101, Rishon, Lezion, Israel
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Ying Ma
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Max Kolton
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker Campus, 8499000, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Amit Kishore Singh
- Department of Botany, Bhagalpur National College (A constituent unit of Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University), Bhagalpur, 812007, Bihar, India.
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10
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Mihai RA, Melo Heras EJ, Landazuri Abarca PA, Catana RD. The Fungal, Nutritional, and Metabolomic Diagnostics of the Oil Palm Elaeis guineensis Affected by Bud Rot Disease in Esmeraldas, Ecuador. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:952. [PMID: 37755060 PMCID: PMC10532773 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The oil palm Elaeis guineensis represents one of the most important crops in Ecuador. Considering that bud rot disease is deadly in Ecuador, more attention has been given to identifying possible causes for palm debility from this disease. We studied the involvement of fungi and nutrients in triggering bud rot disease in E. guineensis. Special emphasis was given to the molecules synthesized by the plant to protect against this devastating disease. Techniques like Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) and metagenomic analysis were used to understand the possible implications of biotic and abiotic factors in the development of bud rot disease in oil palm in Ecuador. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was used to identify the phenolic protection barrier of the palm facing the disease. Our results indicate that fungi from Ascomyceta phylum were found in the tested samples. The species directly involved are different in soil compared with plants. The results indicate a deficiency of chemical elements, such as Ca, Mn, Mg, and Fe, which are responsible for palm debility from bud rot disease. More than 30 compounds with protective roles were identified in the leaves of symptomatic plants from the first stage of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca A. Mihai
- CICTE, Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Universidad De Las Fuerzas Armadas—ESPE, Av. General Rumiñahui s/n y Ambato, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador
| | - Erly J. Melo Heras
- Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Universidad De Las Fuerzas Armadas—ESPE, Av. General Rumiñahui s/n y, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador; (E.J.M.H.)
| | - Pablo A. Landazuri Abarca
- Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Universidad De Las Fuerzas Armadas—ESPE, Av. General Rumiñahui s/n y, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador; (E.J.M.H.)
| | - Rodica D. Catana
- Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
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11
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Michaliski LF, Ióca LP, Oliveira LS, Crnkovic CM, Takaki M, Freire VF, Berlinck RGS. Improvement of Targeted Fungi Secondary Metabolite Production Using a Systematic Experimental Design and Chemometrics Analysis. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:77. [PMID: 37736960 PMCID: PMC10514814 DOI: 10.3390/mps6050077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are well-known producers of chemically diverse and biologically active secondary metabolites. However, their production yields through fermentation may hamper structural analysis and biological activity downstream investigations. Herein, a systematic experimental design that varies multiple cultivation parameters, followed by chemometrics analysis on HPLC-UV-MS or UHPLC-HRMS/MS data, is presented to enhance the production yield of fungal natural products. The overall procedure typically requires 3-4 months of work when first developed, and up to 3 months as a routine procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamonielli F. Michaliski
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos CEP 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (L.F.M.); (L.P.I.); (L.S.O.); (M.T.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Laura P. Ióca
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos CEP 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (L.F.M.); (L.P.I.); (L.S.O.); (M.T.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Leandro S. Oliveira
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos CEP 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (L.F.M.); (L.P.I.); (L.S.O.); (M.T.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Camila M. Crnkovic
- Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Mirelle Takaki
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos CEP 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (L.F.M.); (L.P.I.); (L.S.O.); (M.T.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Vitor F. Freire
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos CEP 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (L.F.M.); (L.P.I.); (L.S.O.); (M.T.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Roberto G. S. Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos CEP 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (L.F.M.); (L.P.I.); (L.S.O.); (M.T.); (V.F.F.)
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12
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Mehmood N, Saeed M, Zafarullah S, Hyder S, Rizvi ZF, Gondal AS, Jamil N, Iqbal R, Ali B, Ercisli S, Kupe M. Multifaceted Impacts of Plant-Beneficial Pseudomonas spp. in Managing Various Plant Diseases and Crop Yield Improvement. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22296-22315. [PMID: 37396244 PMCID: PMC10308577 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The modern agricultural system has issues with the reduction of agricultural productivity due to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. It is also expected that in the future the entire world population may rapidly increase and will surely demand more food. Farmers now utilize a massive quantity of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides for disease management and to increase food production. These synthetic fertilizers badly affect the environment, the texture of the soil, plant productivity, and human health. However, agricultural safety and sustainability depend on an ecofriendly and inexpensive biological application. In contrast to synthetic fertilizers, soil inoculation with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is one of the excellent alternative options. In this regard, we focused on the best PGPR genera, Pseudomonas, which exists in the rhizosphere as well as inside the plant's body and plays a role in sustainable agriculture. Many Pseudomonas spp. control plant pathogens and play an effective role in disease management through direct and indirect mechanisms. Pseudomonas spp. fix the amount of atmospheric nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus and potassium, and also produce phytohormones, lytic enzymes, volatile organic compounds, antibiotics, and secondary metabolites during stress conditions. These compounds stimulate plant growth by inducing systemic resistance and by inhibiting the growth of pathogens. Furthermore, pseudomonads also protect plants during different stress conditions like heavy metal pollution, osmosis, temperature, oxidative stress, etc. Now, several Pseudomonas-based commercial biological control products have been promoted and marketed, but there are a few limitations that hinder the development of this technology for extensive usage in agricultural systems. The variability among the members of Pseudomonas spp. draws attention to the huge research interest in this genus. There is a need to explore the potential of native Pseudomonas spp. as biocontrol agents and to use them in biopesticide development to support sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najaf Mehmood
- Department
of Botany, Government College Women University
Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Saeed
- Department
of Botany, Government College Women University
Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Sana Zafarullah
- Department
of Botany, Government College Women University
Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Hyder
- Department
of Botany, Government College Women University
Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Zarrin Fatima Rizvi
- Department
of Botany, Government College Women University
Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Shahzad Gondal
- Department
of Plant Pathology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Nuzhat Jamil
- Department
of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department
of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Pakistan, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department
of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department
of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
- HGF
Agro, Ata Teknokent, Erzurum TR-25240, Türkiye
| | - Muhammed Kupe
- Department
of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
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13
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Dos Santos C, Franco OL. Pathogenesis-Related Proteins (PRs) with Enzyme Activity Activating Plant Defense Responses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112226. [PMID: 37299204 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Throughout evolution, plants have developed a highly complex defense system against different threats, including phytopathogens. Plant defense depends on constitutive and induced factors combined as defense mechanisms. These mechanisms involve a complex signaling network linking structural and biochemical defense. Antimicrobial and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are examples of this mechanism, which can accumulate extra- and intracellular space after infection. However, despite their name, some PR proteins are present at low levels even in healthy plant tissues. When they face a pathogen, these PRs can increase in abundance, acting as the first line of plant defense. Thus, PRs play a key role in early defense events, which can reduce the damage and mortality caused by pathogens. In this context, the present review will discuss defense response proteins, which have been identified as PRs, with enzymatic action, including constitutive enzymes, β-1,3 glucanase, chitinase, peroxidase and ribonucleases. From the technological perspective, we discuss the advances of the last decade applied to the study of these enzymes, which are important in the early events of higher plant defense against phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Dos Santos
- S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil
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14
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Paramalingam P, Baharum NA, Abdullah JO, Hong JK, Saidi NB. Antifungal Potential of Melaleuca alternifolia against Fungal Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114456. [PMID: 37298932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of bananas caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4) poses the most serious threat to banana production globally. The disease has been managed using chemical fungicides, yet the control levels are still unsatisfactory. This study investigated the antifungal activities of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oil (TTO) and hydrosol (TTH) against Foc TR4 and their bioactive components. The potential of TTO and TTH in inhibiting the growth of Foc TR4 was evaluated in vitro using agar well diffusion and spore germination assays. Compared to the chemical fungicide, TTO effectively suppressed the mycelial growth of Foc TR4 at 69%. Both the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of TTO and TTH were established at 0.2 µg/µL and 50% v/v, respectively, suggesting the fungicidal nature of the plant extracts. The disease control efficacies were also demonstrated by a (p ≤ 0.05) delayed Fusarium wilt symptom development in the susceptible banana plants with reduced LSI dan RDI scores from 70% to around 20-30%. A GC/MS analysis of TTO identified terpinen-4-ol, eucalyptol, and α-terpineol as the major components. In contrast, an LC/MS analysis of TTH identified different compounds, including dihydro-jasmonic acid and methyl ester. Our findings indicate the potential of tea tree extracts as natural alternatives to chemical fungicides to control Foc TR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavitra Paramalingam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nadiya Akmal Baharum
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Janna Ong Abdullah
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jeum Kyu Hong
- Division of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
- Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Noor Baity Saidi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Sustainable Agronomy and Crop Protection, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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15
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Wang Y, Yang L, Zhou X, Wang Y, Liang Y, Luo B, Dai Y, Wei Z, Li S, He R, Ding W. Molecular mechanism of plant elicitor daphnetin-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles against Ralstonia solanacearum by activating plant system resistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124580. [PMID: 37100321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of biopolymer-based materials to avoid hazardous chemicals in agriculture has gained enormous importance for sustainable crop protection. Due to its good biocompatibility and water solubility, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) has been widely applied as a pesticide carrier biomaterial. However, the mechanism by which carboxymethyl chitosan-grafted natural product nanoparticles induce tobacco systemic resistance against bacterial wilt remains largely unknown. In this study, water-soluble CMCS-grafted daphnetin (DA) nanoparticles (DA@CMCS-NPs) were successfully synthesized, characterized, and assessed for the first time. The grafting rate of DA in CMCS was 10.05 %, and the water solubility was increased. In addition, DA@CMCS-NPs significantly increased the activities of CAT, PPO and SOD defense enzymes, activated the expression of PR1 and NPR1, and suppressed the expression of JAZ3. DA@CMCS-NPs could induce immune responses against R. solanacearum in tobacco, including increases in defense enzymes and overexpression of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. The application of DA@CMCS-NPs effectively suppressed the development of tobacco bacterial wilt in pot experiments, and the control efficiency was as high as 74.23 %, 67.80 %, 61.67 % at 8, 10, and 12 days after inoculation. Additionally, DA@CMCS-NPs has excellent biosafety. Therefore, this study highlighted the application of DA@CMCS-NPs in manipulating tobacco to generate defense responses against R. solanacearum, which can be attributed to systemic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yijia Liang
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Binshao Luo
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuhao Dai
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhouling Wei
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shili Li
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rong He
- Chongqing Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400060, China.
| | - Wei Ding
- Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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16
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Jamiołkowska A, Skwaryło-Bednarz B, Kowalski R, Yildirim I, Patkowska E. Antifungal Potency of Amaranth Leaf Extract: An In Vitro Study. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1723. [PMID: 37111946 PMCID: PMC10143692 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases are a serious problem for agricultural crops, the food industry and human health. Significant efforts have been made in recent years to find natural products that could reduce the growth of plant pathogens and improve food quality. At present, there is an increased interest in plants as a source of biological active compounds that can protect crops from diseases. Important sources of these phytochemicals are lesser-known pseudocereals such as amaranth. The objective of this study was to determine the antifungal activity of leaf extracts of four amaranth species (A. cruentus, A. hypochondriacus × hybridus, A. retroflexus and A. hybridus). The antifungal potency of amaranth extracts was analyzed against selected strains of fungi. The results suggested that the antimicrobial properties of the tested extracts varied depending on the amaranth species and the fungal strain. The studied extracts inhibited the growth of Fusarium equiseti, Rhizoctonia solani, Trichoderma harzianum and Alternaria alternata. A lower inhibitory effect of the extracts was recorded against F. solani, while no inhibitory effect was observed against F. oxysporum and Colletotrichum coccodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jamiołkowska
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Barbara Skwaryło-Bednarz
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Radosław Kowalski
- Department of Analysis and Food Quality Assessment, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ismet Yildirim
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Düzce University, 81000 Düzce, Turkey;
| | - Elżbieta Patkowska
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland;
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17
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Sharma A, Gupta AK, Devi B. Current trends in management of bacterial pathogens infecting plants. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 116:303-326. [PMID: 36683073 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants are continuously challenged by different pathogenic microbes that reduce the quality and quantity of produce and therefore pose a serious threat to food security. Among them bacterial pathogens are known to cause disease outbreaks with devastating economic losses in temperate, tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. Bacteria are structurally simple prokaryotic microorganisms and are diverse from a metabolic standpoint. Bacterial infection process mainly involves successful attachment or penetration by using extracellular enzymes, type secretion systems, toxins, growth regulators and by exploiting different molecules that modulate plant defence resulting in successful colonization. Theses bacterial pathogens are extremely difficult to control as they develop resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, attempts are made to search for innovative methods of disease management by the targeting bacterial virulence and manipulating the genes in host plants by exploiting genome editing methods. Here, we review the recent developments in bacterial disease management including the bioactive antimicrobial compounds, bacteriophage therapy, quorum-quenching mediated control, nanoparticles and CRISPR/Cas based genome editing techniques for bacterial disease management. Future research should focus on implementation of smart delivery systems and consumer acceptance of these innovative methods for sustainable disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag- Mandi, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 230, India.
| | - A K Gupta
- Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 230, India
| | - Banita Devi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 230, India
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18
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Ibrahimi M, Loqman S, Jemo M, Hafidi M, Lemee L, Ouhdouch Y. The potential of facultative predatory Actinomycetota spp. and prospects in agricultural sustainability. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1081815. [PMID: 36762097 PMCID: PMC9905845 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1081815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinomycetota in the phylum of bacteria has been explored extensively as a source of antibiotics and secondary metabolites. In addition to acting as plant growth-promoting agents, they also possess the potential to control various plant pathogens; however, there are limited studies that report the facultative predatory ability of Actinomycetota spp. Furthermore, the mechanisms that underline predation are poorly understood. We assessed the diversity of strategies employed by predatory bacteria to attack and subsequently induce the cell lysing of their prey. We revisited the diversity and abundance of secondary metabolite molecules linked to the different predation strategies by bacteria species. We analyzed the pros and cons of the distinctive predation mechanisms and explored their potential for the development of new biocontrol agents. The facultative predatory behaviors diverge from group attack "wolfpack," cell-to-cell proximity "epibiotic," periplasmic penetration, and endobiotic invasion to degrade host-cellular content. The epibiotic represents the dominant facultative mode of predation, irrespective of the habitat origins. The wolfpack is the second-used approach among the Actinomycetota harboring predatory traits. The secondary molecules as chemical weapons engaged in the respective attacks were reviewed. We finally explored the use of predatory Actinomycetota as a new cost-effective and sustainable biocontrol agent against plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Ibrahimi
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco,Higher School of Technology Fkih Ben Salah, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Fkih Ben Salah, Morocco
| | - Souad Loqman
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Martin Jemo
- AgroBiosciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Hafidi
- AgroBiosciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco,Labelled Research Unit N°4 CNRST, Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment (BioMAgE), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Laurent Lemee
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP–CNRS UMR 7285), Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Yedir Ouhdouch
- AgroBiosciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco,Labelled Research Unit N°4 CNRST, Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment (BioMAgE), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco,*Correspondence: Yedir Ouhdouch,
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Giraldo JD, Garrido-Miranda KA, Schoebitz M. Chitin and its derivatives: Functional biopolymers for developing bioproducts for sustainable agriculture-A reality? Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120196. [PMID: 36876809 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chitinous materials (chitin and its derivatives) are obtained from renewable sources, mainly shellfish waste, having a great potential for the development of bioproducts as alternatives to synthetic agrochemicals. Recent studies have provided evidence that the use of these biopolymers can help control postharvest diseases, increase the content of nutrients available to plants, and elicit positive metabolic changes that lead to higher plant resistance against pathogens. However, agrochemicals are still widely and intensively used in agriculture. This perspective addresses the gap in knowledge and innovation to make bioproducts based on chitinous materials more competitive in the market. It also provides the readers with background to understand why these products are scarcely used and the aspects that need to be considered to increase their use. Finally, information on the development and commercialization of agricultural bioproducts containing chitin or its derivatives in the Chilean market is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Giraldo
- Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Sede Puerto Montt, Balneario Pelluco, Los Pinos s/n, Chile.
| | - Karla A Garrido-Miranda
- Center of Waste Management and Bioenergy, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de la Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center (CGNA), Temuco 4780000, Chile.
| | - Mauricio Schoebitz
- Departamento de Suelos y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía, Campus Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Universidad de Concepción, Chile; Laboratory of Biofilms and Environmental Microbiology, Center of Biotechnology, University of Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile.
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20
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Goncharuk EA, Saibel OL, Zaitsev GP, Zagoskina NV. The Elicitor Effect of Yeast Extract on the Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds in Linum grandiflorum Cells Cultured In Vitro and Their Antiradical Activity. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022060061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper examines the elicitor effect of yeast extract (YE) in various concentrations (200–1000 mg/L) on the accumulation of phenolic compounds (PC) in flowering flax (Linum grandiflorum Desf.) cells cultured in vitro and their antiradical activity. It is established that the total PС content and the content of phenylpropanoids increase in the cell culture, especially at high YE concentrations in the medium (500 and 1000 mg/L). The antiradical activity of flax culture extracts remains in most cases at the control level. Therefore, the elicitation of flowering flax in vitro cultures by YE activates the PC biosynthesis resulting in the accumulation of these secondary metabolites, while the antiradical activity of cell culture extracts does not decrease compared to the control level.
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Villagómez-Aranda AL, Feregrino-Pérez AA, García-Ortega LF, González-Chavira MM, Torres-Pacheco I, Guevara-González RG. Activating stress memory: eustressors as potential tools for plant breeding. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1481-1498. [PMID: 35305133 PMCID: PMC8933762 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are continuously exposed to stress conditions, such that they have developed sophisticated and elegant survival strategies, which are reflected in their phenotypic plasticity, priming capacity, and memory acquisition. Epigenetic mechanisms play a critical role in modulating gene expression and stress responses, allowing malleability, reversibility, stability, and heritability of favourable phenotypes to enhance plant performance. Considering the urgency to improve our agricultural system because of going impacting climate change, potential and sustainable strategies rely on the controlled use of eustressors, enhancing desired characteristics and yield and shaping stress tolerance in crops. However, for plant breeding purposes is necessary to focus on the use of eustressors capable of establishing stable epigenetic marks to generate a transgenerational memory to stimulate a priming state in plants to face the changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Villagómez-Aranda
- Biosystems Engineering Group. Engineering Faculty, Amazcala Campus, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Highway Chichimequillas s/n Km 1, Amazcala, El Marques, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - A A Feregrino-Pérez
- Biosystems Engineering Group. Engineering Faculty, Amazcala Campus, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Highway Chichimequillas s/n Km 1, Amazcala, El Marques, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - L F García-Ortega
- Laboratory of Learning and Research in Biological Computing, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - M M González-Chavira
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, Bajío Experimental Field, National Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research (INIFAP), Celaya-San Miguel de Allende, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - I Torres-Pacheco
- Biosystems Engineering Group. Engineering Faculty, Amazcala Campus, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Highway Chichimequillas s/n Km 1, Amazcala, El Marques, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - R G Guevara-González
- Biosystems Engineering Group. Engineering Faculty, Amazcala Campus, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Highway Chichimequillas s/n Km 1, Amazcala, El Marques, Querétaro, Mexico.
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22
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Thangaraj P, Balamurali AS, Subbiah KA, Sevugapperumal N, Gurudevan T, Uthandi S, Shanmugam H. Antifungal Volatilomes Mediated Defense Mechanism against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, the Incitant of Tomato Wilt. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113631. [PMID: 35684567 PMCID: PMC9182059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the volatilomes of naturally growing plant leaves were immobilized in a suitable substrate to enhance vapors’ diffusion in the soil to eradicate the Fusarium wilt pathogens in Tomato. Volatilomes produced by Mentha spicata leaves immobilized in vermiculite ball was found to be effective and exhibit 92.35 percent inhibition on the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). Moreover, the volatilomes of M. spicata immobilized vermiculite balls were tested based on the distance traveled by the diffused volatilomes from the ball and revealed that the volatilomes of M. spicata traveled up to 20 cm distance from the center of PVC (Polyvinly chloride) chamber showed maximum reduction in colony growth of FOL at 12th day after inoculation. Tomato plants inoculated with FOL revealed increased expressions of defense gene, pathogenesis related protein (PR1) with 2.63-fold after 72 h and the gene, transcription factor (WRKY) increased with 2.5-fold after 48 h on exposure to the volatilomes of M. spicata vermiculite balls. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on development of volatilomes based vermiculite ball formulations. This result indicated that the volatilomes of M. spicata are promising phyto-fumigants for management of Tomato Fusarial wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Thangaraj
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, India; (A.S.B.); (N.S.); (T.G.)
- Correspondence: (P.T.); (K.A.S.)
| | - Akshaya Subbaih Balamurali
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, India; (A.S.B.); (N.S.); (T.G.)
| | - Krishnamoorthy Akkanna Subbiah
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, India; (A.S.B.); (N.S.); (T.G.)
- Correspondence: (P.T.); (K.A.S.)
| | - Nakkeeran Sevugapperumal
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, India; (A.S.B.); (N.S.); (T.G.)
| | - Thiribhuvanamala Gurudevan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, India; (A.S.B.); (N.S.); (T.G.)
| | - Sivakumar Uthandi
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, India;
| | - Haripriya Shanmugam
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, India;
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Giudice G, Moffa L, Niero M, Duso C, Sandrini M, Vazzoler LF, Luison M, Pasini E, Chitarra W, Nerva L. Novel sustainable strategies to control Plasmopara viticola in grapevine unveil new insights on priming responses and arthropods ecology. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2342-2356. [PMID: 35246907 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduction of fungicide consumption in agriculture is globally recognized as a priority. Government authorities are fostering research to achieve a reduction of risks associated with conventional pesticides and promoting the development of sustainable alternatives. To address these issues, in the present study, alternative protocols for the control of downy mildew infection in grapevine were compared to the standard protocol. In the first protocol, only resistance inducers were used, comprising a single formulation with Acibenzolar S-methyl, laminarin and disodium-phosphonate. The second and third protocols followed the standard protocol but substituted phosphonates with phosphorus pentoxide and Ecklonia maxima extract. RESULTS The results showed that at veraison downy mildew incidence and severity in all tested protocols were significantly reduced compared to nontreated controls on both canopy and bunches. Expression analysis of key genes involved in plant stress response, indicated that the two protocols for phosphites substitution induced a remodulation of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), with positive impact on yields. Analysis of the first protocol revealed that the primed state induced a short delay in bunch ripening, with a shift of carbohydrate metabolism to boost the plant defences, involving an upregulation of defence related-gene, SAR response and a decreased ROS detoxification. Additionally, analysis on the arthropods populations, in parallel with the positive results achieved using alternatives to conventional fungicides, were enriched by those showing the potential of naturally occurring predators of spider mites. CONCLUSION This study provides practical solutions to reduce the environmental impact of treatments for the control downy mildew in viticulture. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Giudice
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Conegliano, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DiSAA), University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Loredana Moffa
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Conegliano, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marina Niero
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Conegliano, Italy
| | - Carlo Duso
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Sandrini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Conegliano, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Walter Chitarra
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Conegliano, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Nerva
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Conegliano, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Torino, Italy
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FytoSol, a Promising Plant Defense Elicitor, Controls Early Blight (Alternaria solani) Disease in the Tomato by Inducing Host Resistance-Associated Gene Expression. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8060484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Early blight (EB), caused by the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria solani, is one of the most common and destructive diseases in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The use of fungicides is a prominent tactic used to control EB; however, their undesirable effects on the environment and human health, as well as involvement in the development of resistant strains, have driven researchers to search for new alternatives. Plant defense elicitors are exogenous defense-triggering molecules that induce a plant’s defense system associated with extensive transcriptional- and metabolic reprogramming of the genome and do not cause direct toxicity to phytopathogens. Moreover, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) was an early-identified and strong plant defense elicitor to various phytopathogens. Recently, the combination of chitosan oligomers and pectin-derived oligogalacturonides that can mimic the induction of plants by a pathogen or damaged-derived molecules (PAMP and DAMP) were characterized as defense elicitors, named FytoSol. In this study, the preventive roles of these two defense elicitors—FytoSol and INA—against EB disease and its molecular basis, were explored. According to the results, FytoSol significantly reduced disease severity by an average of 30% for almost one month with an AUDPC value of 399 compared to the control, which had an AUDPC value of 546. On the contrary, INA did not provide any protection against EB. Gene expression analyses of these two distinct plant defense elicitors indicated that the expression patterns of several SA-, JA-, or ET-pathway-related genes (Pti4, TPK1b, Pto kinase, TomloxD, PRB1-2, SABP2, WRKY33b, WRKY70, PR-5, and PR3) were induced by defense elicitors differently. FytoSol extensively upregulated gene expressions of PR3, downregulated the SA-related defense pathway, and provided remarkable protection against the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria solani. On the contrary, INA mostly induced genes related to biotrophic and/or hemibiotrophic pathogen protection. Our results indicate that FytoSol is a promising plant defense elicitor against EB and the modes of action of the elicitors are important to characterize their effects against pathogens. Further research may extend the use of defense elicitors as alternatives to pesticides in agriculture.
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Abstract
Elicitors as alternatives to agrochemicals are widely used as a sustainable farming practice. The use of elicitors in viticulture to control disease and improve phenolic compounds is widely recognized in this field. Concurrently, they also affect other secondary metabolites, such as aroma compounds. Grape and wine aroma compounds are an important quality factor that reflects nutritional information and influences consumer preference. However, the effects of elicitors on aroma compounds are diverse, as different grape varieties respond differently to treatments. Among the numerous commercialized elicitors, some have proven very effective in improving the quality of grapes and the resulting wines. This review summarizes some of the elicitors commonly used in grapevines for protection against biotic and abiotic stresses and their impact on the quality of volatile compounds. The work is intended to serve as a reference for growers for the sustainable development of high-quality grapes.
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Biotransformation of Waste Bile Acids: A New Possible Sustainable Approach to Anti-Fungal Molecules for Crop Plant Bioprotection? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084152. [PMID: 35456970 PMCID: PMC9031571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogenic fungi are among the main causes of productivity losses in agriculture. To date, synthetic chemical pesticides, such as hydroxyanilides, anilinopyrimidines and azole derivatives, represent the main treatment tools for crop plant defence. However, the large and uncontrolled use of these substances has evidenced several side effects, namely the resistance to treatments, environmental damage and human health risks. The general trend is to replace chemicals with natural molecules in order to reduce these side effects. Moreover, the valorisation of agri-food industry by-products through biotransformation processes represents a sustainable alternative to chemical synthesis in several sectors. This research is aimed at comparing the anti-phytopathogenic activity of waste bovine and porcine bile with secosteroids obtained by biotransformation of bile acids with Rhodococcus strains. The ultimate goal is to apply these natural products on food crops affected by phytopathogenic fungi.
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Major Biological Control Strategies for Plant Pathogens. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020273. [PMID: 35215215 PMCID: PMC8879208 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Food security has become a major concern worldwide in recent years due to ever increasing population. Providing food for the growing billions without disturbing environmental balance is incessantly required in the current scenario. In view of this, sustainable modes of agricultural practices offer better promise and hence are gaining prominence recently. Moreover, these methods have taken precedence currently over chemical-based methods of pest restriction and pathogen control. Adoption of Biological Control is one such crucial technique that is currently in the forefront. Over a period of time, various biocontrol strategies have been experimented with and some have exhibited great success and promise. This review highlights the different methods of plant-pathogen control, types of plant pathogens, their modus operandi and various biocontrol approaches employing a range of microorganisms and their byproducts. The study lays emphasis on the use of upcoming methodologies like microbiome management and engineering, phage cocktails, genetically modified biocontrol agents and microbial volatilome as available strategies to sustainable agricultural practices. More importantly, a critical analysis of the various methods enumerated in the paper indicates the need to amalgamate these techniques in order to improve the degree of biocontrol offered by them.
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Sudiro C, Saccozza G, Guglielmi F, Hochart M, Giacomello D, Altissimo A. Evaluation of the activity of a plant extract against Plasmopara viticola in grapes. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224403003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola in grapevine, is one of the most devastating and widespread fungal disease on causing serious harm to grape production. The heavy use of chemical pesticides, necessary to control the pests and pathogens, has caused issues with the resistance, resurgence and residues in food, as well as creating diffuse environmental pollution. In the last decade, biological control started to offer an alternative safe(r) and effective method to control diseases. In this paper, we investigate the potential activity of a plant extract to protect grapevine from downy mildew when used in strategy with a reduced dosage of the conventional fungicides (PPP). Four strategies were tested, with two of them giving the best results. Indeed, the use of LL017 increased the tolerance of the vine against P. viticola compared to its control with the same dosage of PPP, and with an efficacy closer to the full dosage of the PPP. In the tests where the yield was evaluated, the treatment with LL017 always resulted in a higher yield than the respective control with the same dosage of PPP and, in some cases, it gave a higher yield than even the positive control.
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Monteiro E, Gonçalves B, Cortez I, Castro I. The Role of Biostimulants as Alleviators of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Grapevine: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030396. [PMID: 35161376 PMCID: PMC8839214 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The viticulture and wine industry contribute to the economy and reputation of many countries all over the world. With the predicted climate change, a negative impact on grapevine physiology, growth, production, and quality of berries is expected. On the other hand, the impact of these changes in phytopathogenic fungi development, survival rates, and host susceptibility is unpredictable. Grapevine fungal diseases control has been a great challenge to winegrowers worldwide. The use of chemicals in viticulture is high, which can result in the development of pathogen resistance, increasingly raising concerns regarding residues in wine and effects on human and environmental health. Promoting sustainable patterns of production is one of the overarching objectives and essential requirements for sustainable development. Alternative holistic approaches, such as those making use of biostimulants, are emerging in order to reduce the consequences of biotic and abiotic stresses in the grapevine, namely preventing grape fungal diseases, improving grapevine resistance to water stress, and increasing yield and berry quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (B.G.); (I.C.); (I.C.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Berta Gonçalves
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (B.G.); (I.C.); (I.C.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Cortez
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (B.G.); (I.C.); (I.C.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Agronomy, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isaura Castro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (B.G.); (I.C.); (I.C.)
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Asimakis E, Shehata AA, Eisenreich W, Acheuk F, Lasram S, Basiouni S, Emekci M, Ntougias S, Taner G, May-Simera H, Yilmaz M, Tsiamis G. Algae and Their Metabolites as Potential Bio-Pesticides. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020307. [PMID: 35208762 PMCID: PMC8877611 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing human population necessitates more food production, yet current techniques in agriculture, such as chemical pesticide use, have negative impacts on the ecosystems and strong public opposition. Alternatives to synthetic pesticides should be safe for humans, the environment, and be sustainable. Extremely diverse ecological niches and millions of years of competition have shaped the genomes of algae to produce a myriad of substances that may serve humans in various biotechnological areas. Among the thousands of described algal species, only a small number have been investigated for valuable metabolites, yet these revealed the potential of algal metabolites as bio-pesticides. This review focuses on macroalgae and microalgae (including cyanobacteria) and their extracts or purified compounds, that have proven to be effective antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, nematocides, insecticides, herbicides, and plant growth stimulants. Moreover, the mechanisms of action of the majority of these metabolites against plant pests are thoroughly discussed. The available information demonstrated herbicidal activities via inhibition of photosynthesis, antimicrobial activities via induction of plant defense responses, inhibition of quorum sensing and blocking virus entry, and insecticidal activities via neurotoxicity. The discovery of antimetabolites also seems to hold great potential as one recent example showed antimicrobial and herbicidal properties. Algae, especially microalgae, represent a vast untapped resource for discovering novel and safe biopesticide compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Asimakis
- Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St., 30131 Agrinio, Greece;
| | - Awad A. Shehata
- Research and Development Section, PerNaturam GmbH, 56290 Gödenroth, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Bavarian NMR Center—Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Fatma Acheuk
- Laboratory for Valorization and Conservation of Biological Resources, Faculty of Sciences, University M’Hamed Bougara of Boumerdes, Boumerdes 35000, Algeria;
| | - Salma Lasram
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Plants, Borj-Cedria Biotechnology Center. BP. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia;
| | - Shereen Basiouni
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (S.B.); (H.M.-S.)
| | - Mevlüt Emekci
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Keçiören, Ankara 06135, Turkey;
| | - Spyridon Ntougias
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132 Xanthi, Greece;
| | - Gökçe Taner
- Department of Bioengineering, Bursa Technical University, Bursa 16310, Turkey;
| | - Helen May-Simera
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (S.B.); (H.M.-S.)
| | - Mete Yilmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Bursa Technical University, Bursa 16310, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (G.T.)
| | - George Tsiamis
- Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St., 30131 Agrinio, Greece;
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (G.T.)
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Bouissil S, Guérin C, Roche J, Dubessay P, El Alaoui-Talibi Z, Pierre G, Michaud P, Mouzeyar S, Delattre C, El Modafar C. Induction of Defense Gene Expression and the Resistance of Date Palm to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Albedinis in Response to Alginate Extracted from Bifurcaria bifurcata. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:88. [PMID: 35200618 PMCID: PMC8876945 DOI: 10.3390/md20020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In many African countries, the Bayoud is a common disease spread involving the fungus Fusarium oxusporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa). The induction of plant natural defenses through the use of seaweed polysaccharides to help plants against pathogens is currently a biological and ecological approach that is gaining more and more importance. In the present study, we used alginate, a natural polysaccharide extracted from a brown algae Bifurcaria bifurcata, to activate date palm defenses, which involve phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), a key enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolism. The results obtained showed that at low concentration (1 g·L-1), alginate stimulated PAL activity in date palm roots 5 times more compared to the negative control (water-treated) after 24 h following treatment and 2.5 times more compared to the laminarin used as a positive stimulator of plant natural defenses (positive control of induction). Using qRT-PCR, the expression of a selection of genes involved in three different levels of defense mechanisms known to be involved in response to biotic stresses were investigated. The results showed that, generally, the PAL gene tested and the genes encoding enzymes involved in early oxidative events (SOD and LOX) were overexpressed in the alginate-treated plants compared to their levels in the positive and negative controls. POD and PR protein genes selected encoding β-(1,3)-glucanases and chitinases in this study did not show any significant difference between treatments; suggesting that other genes encoding POD and PR proteins that were not selected may be involved. After 17 weeks following the inoculation of the plants with the pathogen Foa, treatment with alginate reduced the mortality rate by up to 80% compared to the rate in control plants (non-elicited) and plants pretreated with laminarin, which agrees with the induction of defense gene expression and the stimulation of natural defenses in date palm with alginate after 24 h. These results open promising prospects for the use of alginate in agriculture as an inducer that triggers immunity of plants against telluric pathogens in general and of date palm against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Bouissil
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (Z.E.A.-T.); (C.E.M.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.D.); (G.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Claire Guérin
- UMR 1095 GDEC INRA-Université Clermont-Auvergne, 1 Impasse Amélie Murat, 63178 Aubière, France; (C.G.); (J.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Jane Roche
- UMR 1095 GDEC INRA-Université Clermont-Auvergne, 1 Impasse Amélie Murat, 63178 Aubière, France; (C.G.); (J.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Pascal Dubessay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.D.); (G.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Zainab El Alaoui-Talibi
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (Z.E.A.-T.); (C.E.M.)
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.D.); (G.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.D.); (G.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Said Mouzeyar
- UMR 1095 GDEC INRA-Université Clermont-Auvergne, 1 Impasse Amélie Murat, 63178 Aubière, France; (C.G.); (J.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.D.); (G.P.); (C.D.)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 Rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cherkaoui El Modafar
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (Z.E.A.-T.); (C.E.M.)
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Satureja montana Essential Oil, Zein Nanoparticles and Their Combination as a Biocontrol Strategy to Reduce Bacterial Spot Disease on Tomato Plants. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7120584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tomato bacterial spot (Bs), caused by Xanthomonas spp., including X. euvesicatoria (Xeu) remains a major threat for tomato production. The emergence of copper resistance strains of Xeu calls urgently for eco-friendly phytosanitary treatments as sustainable green alternatives for disease control. Satureja spp. essential oil (EO) has antimicrobial activity against xanthomonads and combined with zein nanoparticles (ZNPs), might offer a viable option for field applications. This study aims to evaluate the effects of S. montana EO, of ZNPs, and their combination in a nanoformulation, on Xeu quantity, and how these compounds modulate molecular and physiological changes in the pathosystem. Uninfected and infected tomato plants (var. Oxheart) were treated with EO; ZNPs and nanoformulation (EO + ZNPs). Treatments reduced Xeu amount by a minimum of 1.6-fold (EO) and a maximum of 202-fold (ZNPs) and improved plants’ health. Nanoformulation and ZNPs increased plants’ phenolic content. ZNPs significantly increased GPX activity and reduced CAT activity. Overall treatments upregulated transcripts of the phenylpropanoid pathway in infected plants, while ZNPs and nanoformulation upregulated those transcripts in uninfected plants. Both sod and aao transcripts were downregulated by treatments in infected plants. These findings demonstrate that S. montana EO, ZNPs and their nanoformulation are suitable to integrate tomato bacterial spot management strategies, mainly due to their antimicrobial activity on Xeu, however further field studies clarifying the long-term action of these products are required. These results also support the prophylactic potential of ZNPs on tomato bacterial spot.
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Pane C, Galieni A, Riefolo C, Nicastro N, Castrignanò A. Hyperspectral Reflectance Response of Wild Rocket ( Diplotaxis tenuifolia) Baby-Leaf to Bio-Based Disease Resistance Inducers Using a Linear Mixed Effect Model. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122575. [PMID: 34961046 PMCID: PMC8707134 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Baby leaf wild rocket cropping systems feeding the high convenience salad chain are prone to a set of disease agents that require management measures compatible with the sustainability-own features of the ready-to-eat food segment. In this light, bio-based disease resistance inducers able to elicit the plant's defense mechanism(s) against a wide-spectrum of pathogens are proposed as safe and effective remedies as alternatives to synthetic fungicides, to be, however, implemented under practical field applications. Hyperspectral-based proximal sensing was applied here to detect plant reflectance response to treatment of wild rocket beds with Trichoderma atroviride strain TA35, laminarin-based Vacciplant®, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain LAS117 cell wall extract-based Romeo®, compared to a local standard approach including synthetic fungicides (i.e., cyprodinil, fludioxonil, mandipropamid, and metalaxyl-m) and a not-treated control. Variability of the spectral information acquired in VIS-NIR-SWIR regions per treatment was explained by three principal components associated with foliar absorption of water, structural characteristics of the vegetation, and the ecophysiological plant status. Therefore, the following model-based statistical approach returned the interpretation of the inducers' performances at field scale consistent with their putative biological effects. The study stated that compost and laminarin-based treatments were the highest crop impacting ones, resulting in enhanced water intake and in stress-related pigment adjustment, respectively. Whereas plants under the conventional chemical management proved to be in better vigor and health status than the untreated control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catello Pane
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy;
| | - Angelica Galieni
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Via Salaria 1, 63030 Monsampolo del Tronto, Italy;
| | - Carmela Riefolo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Via Celso Ulpiani 5, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Nicola Nicastro
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy;
| | - Annamaria Castrignanò
- Department of Engineering and Geology (InGeo), “Gabriele D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy;
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Natural Plant Extracts and Microbial Antagonists to Control Fungal Pathogens and Improve the Productivity of Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) In Vitro and in Greenhouse. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Natural plant extracts and microbial antagonists have the potential for use in increasing the fungal resistance and productivity of horticulture plants. Methods: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of both natural plant extracts and microbial antagonists as a biotical control of some fungal pathogens, i.e., Fusarium ssp., Exserohilum ssp. and Nigrospora ssp., along with improving the growth and productivity performance of zucchini under greenhouse conditions. Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extract (LE), Citrus sinensis LE, Ficus benghalensis fruit extract (FE), and two microbial antagonists Pseudomonas fluorescens (accession no. MW647093) and Trichoderma viride (accession no. MW647090) were tested under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Through morphological characteristics and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, Fusarium solani (accession no. MW947256), F. oxysporum (accession no. MW947254), Exserohilum rostratum (accession no. MW947255), and Nigrospora lacticolonia (accession no. MW947253) were identified. HPLC analysis was used for the identification of phenolic compounds (PCs) and flavonoid compounds (FCs) in the extracts. Results: The highest inhibition percentage of fungal growth (IPFG) against F. oxysporum was obtained with P. fluorescens, T. viride, and E. camaldulensis LE (4000 mg/L); F. solani with P. fluorescens, T. viride, and C. sinensis LE (4000 mg/L); Exserohilum rostratum with P. fluorescens, Ficus benghalensis FE (4000 mg/L) and E. camaldulensis LE (4000 mg/L), and N. lacticolonia with P. fluorescens. Using HPLC analysis, the abundant PCs in E. camaldulensis LE were pyrogallol, and caffeic acid, those in C. sinensis LE were syringic acid and ferulic acid, and those in F. benghalensis FE were gallic acid and syringic acid. In addition, the abundant FCs in E. camaldulensis LE were kaempferol, and naringin, those in C. sinensis LE were hesperidin and quercetin, and those in F. benghalensis FE were kaempferol and quercetin. Under greenhouse experiments, T. viride and E. camaldulensis LE (4000 mg/L) followed by P. fluorescens + T. viride treatments gave the best results of zucchini plants in terms of leaf area, fruits number per plant, yield per plant, and total yield (marketable and non-marketable). Conclusions: Plant extracts and bioagents can be used to control some zucchini fungal pathogens and increase the productivity performance of zucchini plants.
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Methyl Jasmonate Effect on Betulinic Acid Content and Biological Properties of Extract from Senna obtusifolia Transgenic Hairy Roots. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206208. [PMID: 34684788 PMCID: PMC8540613 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that Senna obtusifolia has been used in medicine since ancient times due to the content of many valuable compounds with a pro-health effect. One of them is betulinic acid, which is a pentacyclic triterpene with antimalarial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. In this work, a continuation of our previous research, an attempt was made to increase the level of betulinic acid accumulation by the cultivation of transgenic hairy roots that overexpress the squalene synthase gene in a 10 L sprinkle bioreactor with methyl jasmonate elicitation. We present that the applied strategy allowed us to increase the content of betulinic acid in hairy root cultures to the level of 48 mg/g dry weight. The obtained plant extracts showed a stronger cytotoxic effect on the U87MG glioblastoma cell line than the roots grown without elicitors. Additionally, the induction of apoptosis, reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, chromosomal DNA fragmentation and activation of caspase cascades are demonstrated. Moreover, the tested extract showed inhibition of topoisomerase I activity.
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Plant Tolerance to Drought Stress in the Presence of Supporting Bacteria and Fungi: An Efficient Strategy in Horticulture. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing temperature leads to intensive water evaporation, contributing to global warming and consequently leading to drought stress. These events are likely to trigger modifications in plant physiology and microbial functioning due to the altered availability of nutrients. Plants exposed to drought have developed different strategies to cope with stress by morphological, physiological, anatomical, and biochemical responses. First, visible changes influence plant biomass and consequently limit the yield of crops. The presented review was undertaken to discuss the impact of climate change with respect to drought stress and its impact on the performance of plants inoculated with plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM). The main challenge for optimal performance of horticultural plants is the application of selected, beneficial microorganisms which actively support plants during drought stress. The most frequently described biochemical mechanisms for plant protection against drought by microorganisms are the production of phytohormones, antioxidants and xeroprotectants, and the induction of plant resistance. Rhizospheric or plant surface-colonizing (rhizoplane) and interior (endophytic) bacteria and fungi appear to be a suitable alternative for drought-stress management. Application of various biopreparations containing PGPM seems to provide hope for a relatively cheap, easy to apply and efficient way of alleviating drought stress in plants, with implications in productivity and food condition.
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Extension of Solanaceae Food Crops Shelf Life by the Use of Elicitors and Sustainable Practices During Postharvest Phase. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Portieles R, Xu H, Yue Q, Zhao L, Zhang D, Du L, Gao X, Gao J, Portal Gonzalez N, Santos Bermudez R, Borrás-Hidalgo O. Heat-killed endophytic bacterium induces robust plant defense responses against important pathogens. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12182. [PMID: 34108579 PMCID: PMC8190079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress caused by pathogens strongly damages plants. Developing products to control plant disease is an important challenge in sustainable agriculture. In this study, a heat-killed endophytic bacterium (HKEB), Bacillus aryabhattai, is used to induce plant defense against fungal and bacterial pathogens, and the main defense pathways used by the HKEB to activate plant defense are revealed. The HKEB induced high protection against different pathogens through the salicylic and jasmonic acid pathways. We report the presence of gentisic acid in the HKEB for the first time. These results show that HKEBs may be a useful tool for the management of plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Portieles
- Joint R&D Center of Biotechnology, RETDA, Yota Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., 99 Shenzhen Road, Rizhao, 276826, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Xu
- Joint R&D Center of Biotechnology, RETDA, Yota Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., 99 Shenzhen Road, Rizhao, 276826, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiulin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academic of Science), Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academic of Science), Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dening Zhang
- Joint R&D Center of Biotechnology, RETDA, Yota Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., 99 Shenzhen Road, Rizhao, 276826, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Du
- Joint R&D Center of Biotechnology, RETDA, Yota Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., 99 Shenzhen Road, Rizhao, 276826, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyou Gao
- Joint R&D Center of Biotechnology, RETDA, Yota Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., 99 Shenzhen Road, Rizhao, 276826, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyao Gao
- Joint R&D Center of Biotechnology, RETDA, Yota Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., 99 Shenzhen Road, Rizhao, 276826, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Nayanci Portal Gonzalez
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, No. 336, West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ramon Santos Bermudez
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, No. 336, West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Orlando Borrás-Hidalgo
- Joint R&D Center of Biotechnology, RETDA, Yota Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., 99 Shenzhen Road, Rizhao, 276826, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academic of Science), Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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Shahrtash M, Brown SP. A Path Forward: Promoting Microbial-Based Methods in the Control of Invasive Plant Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:943. [PMID: 34065068 PMCID: PMC8151036 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the unrealized potential of incorporating plant-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions into invasive plant management strategies. While the development of this as a viable strategy is in its infancy, we argue that incorporation of microbial components into management plans should be a priority and has great potential for diversifying sustainable control options. We advocate for increased research into microbial-mediated phytochemical production, microbial controls to reduce the competitiveness of invasive plants, microbial-mediated increases of herbicidal tolerance of native plants, and to facilitate increased pathogenicity of plant pathogens of invasive plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shawn P. Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA;
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Laminarin Induces Defense Responses and Efficiently Controls Olive Leaf Spot Disease in Olive. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041043. [PMID: 33671171 PMCID: PMC7922796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive leaf spot (OLS) caused by Fusicladiumoleagineum is mainly controlled using copper fungicides. However, the replacement of copper-based products with eco-friendly alternatives is a priority. The use of plant resistance-inducers (PRIs) or biological control agents (BCAs) could contribute in this direction. In this study we investigated the potential use of three PRIs (laminarin, acibenzolar-S-methyl, harpin) and a BCA (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24) for the management of OLS. The tested products provided control efficacy higher than 68%. In most cases, dual applications provided higher (p < 0.05) control efficacies compared to that achieved by single applications. The highest control efficacy of 100% was achieved by laminarin. Expression analysis of the selected genes by RT-qPCR revealed different kinetics of induction. In laminarin-treated plants, for most of the tested genes a higher induction rate (p < 0.05) was observed at 3 days post application. Pal, Lox, Cuao and Mpol were the genes with the higher inductions in laminarin-treated and artificially inoculated plants. The results of this study are expected to contribute towards a better understanding of PRIs in olive culture and the optimization of OLS control, while they provide evidence for potential contributions in the reduction of copper accumulation in the environment.
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The Influence of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai T-22 and Other Biostimulants on Rhizosphere Beneficial Microorganisms of Carrot. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10111637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The principles of good agricultural and horticultural practice, which consider both giving environmental protection and high yielding of plants, require modern cultivation methods. Modern cultivation of horticultural plants uses, for example, cover crops, living mulches, plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs), plant growth regulators (PGRs) and other biostimulants protecting the soil against degradation and plants against phytopathogens and stress. The purpose of field and laboratory studies was to determine the effect of Trianum P (containing Trichoderma harzianum Rifai T-22 spores), Beta-Chikol (a.s.—chitosan), Timorex Gold 24 EC (based on tea tree oil) and fungicide Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS (a.s.—tiuram 75%) on the health of carrot (Daucus carota L.) plants and the microorganism population in the rhizosphere of this plant. Moreover, the antagonistic effect of rhizosphere fungi on selected carrot fungal pathogens was determined. Laboratory mycological analysis allowed one to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of fungi colonizing the underground parts of carrot plants. In addition, the total population of fungi and bacteria was determined (including Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.) based on the microbiological analysis of the rhizosphere soil. The application of the plant growth-promoting fungus (Trichoderma harzianum T-22), chitosan and tea tree oil positively influenced the growth, development and health status of carrot plants. T. harzianum T-22, chitosan and fungicide most effectively protected carrots against infection by soil-borne fungi from the genus Alternaria, Fusarium, Haematonectria, Sclerotinia and Rhizoctonia. The rhizosphere population of Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. in the treatments with Trianum P or Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS was bigger than in the other experimental treatments. A reverse relationship was observed in the population of rhizosphere fungi. T. harzianum T-22, chitosan and tea tree oil promoted the growth of antagonistic fungi (Albifimbria sp., Clonostachys sp., Penicillium sp., Talaromyces sp. and Trichoderma sp.) in the carrot rhizosphere. Antagonistic activity of these fungi towards Alternaria dauci, Alternaria radicina, Sclerotiniasclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani was higher after the application of the preparations compared to control. Consequently, Trianum P, Beta-Chikol and Timorex Gold 24 EC can be recommended as plant biostimulants in ecological agricultural production, including Daucus carota cultivation.
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The Molecular Priming of Defense Responses is Differently Regulated in Grapevine Genotypes Following Elicitor Application against Powdery Mildew. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186776. [PMID: 32942781 PMCID: PMC7555711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular changes associated with response to powdery mildew (PM) caused by Erysiphe necator have been largely explored in Vitis vinifera cultivars, but little is known on transcriptional and metabolic modifications following application of resistance elicitors against this disease. In this study, the whole transcriptome sequencing, and hormone and metabolite analyses were combined to dissect long-term defense mechanisms induced by molecular reprogramming events in PM-infected ‘Moscato’ and ‘Nebbiolo’ leaves treated with three resistance inducers: acibenzolar-S-methyl, potassium phosphonate, and laminarin. Although all compounds were effective in counteracting the disease, acibenzolar-S-methyl caused the most intense transcriptional modifications in both cultivars. These involved a strong down-regulation of photosynthesis and energy metabolism and changes in carbohydrate accumulation and partitioning that most likely shifted the plant growth-defense trade-off towards the establishment of disease resistance processes. It was also shown that genotype-associated metabolic signals significantly affected the cultivar defense machinery. Indeed, ‘Nebbiolo’ and ‘Moscato’ built up different defense strategies, often enhanced by the application of a specific elicitor, which resulted in either reinforcement of early defense mechanisms (e.g., epicuticular wax deposition and overexpression of pathogenesis-related genes in ‘Nebbiolo’), or accumulation of endogenous hormones and antimicrobial compounds (e.g., high content of abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and viniferin in ‘Moscato’).
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Fu HZ, Marian M, Enomoto T, Suga H, Shimizu M. Potential Use of L-arabinose for the Control of Tomato Bacterial Wilt. Microbes Environ 2020; 35:ME20106. [PMID: 33087626 PMCID: PMC7734405 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me20106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the potential of simple sugars for use as protection agents in the control of tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum. Based on the sugar assimilation patterns of the pathogen, four unassimilable sugars (L-arabinose, maltose, D-raffinose, and D-ribose) were selected from 10 representative sugars present in tomato root exudates. These sugars were evaluated for their effects on bacterial wilt using a tomato seedling bioassay. The application of 0.25% L-arabinose significantly reduced disease severity and was, thus, selected as a candidate for further evaluations in a pot experiment under glasshouse conditions. The results obtained showed that the disease suppressive effects of L-arabinose slightly increased at higher concentrations; drench treatments at 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5% reduced disease severity by ca. 48, 70, and 87%, respectively. The drench treatment with 0.5% L-arabinose significantly reduced the pathogen population in the rhizosphere and stem tissues of tomato plants without any antibacterial activity. Real-time reverse-transcription PCR revealed that the expression of salicylic acid-dependent and ethylene-dependent defense genes was significantly enhanced in the stem tissues of L-arabinose-treated tomato plants following the pathogen inoculation. These results suggest that soil drenching with L-arabinose effectively suppresses tomato bacterial wilt by preventing pathogen proliferation in the rhizosphere and stem tissues of tomato plants. This is the first study to report the potential of L-arabinose as a safe, eco-friendly, and cost-effective plant protection agent for the control of tomato bacterial wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zhen Fu
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1–1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501–1193, Japan
| | - Malek Marian
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1–1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501–1193, Japan
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3–21–1 Chuuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300–0393, Japan
| | - Takuo Enomoto
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1–1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501–1193, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Suga
- Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1–1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501–1193, Japan
| | - Masafumi Shimizu
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1–1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501–1193, Japan
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