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Kushwaha SO, Sahu SK, Yadav VK, Rathod MC, Patel D, Sahoo DK, Patel A. Bacteriophages as a potential substitute for antibiotics: A comprehensive review. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4022. [PMID: 38655589 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, the administration of antibiotics for the purpose of addressing bacterial infections has become increasingly challenging due to the increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance exhibited by various strains of bacteria. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial species are rising due to the unavailability of novel antibiotics, leading to higher mortality rates. With these conditions, there is a need for alternatives in which phage therapy has made promising results. Phage-derived endolysins, phage cocktails, and bioengineered phages are effective and have antimicrobial properties against MDR and extensively drug-resistant strains. Despite these, it has been observed that phages can give antimicrobial activity to more than one bacterial species. Thus, phage cocktail against resistant strains provides broad spectrum treatment and magnitude of effectivity, which is many folds higher than antibiotics. Many commercially available endolysins such as Staphefekt SA.100, Exebacase (CF-301), and N-Rephasin®SAL200 are used in biofilm penetration and treating plant diseases. The role of CMP1 phage endolysin in transgenic tomato plants in preventing Clavibacter michiganensis infection and the effectiveness of phage in protecting Atlantic salmon from vibriosis have been reported. Furthermore, phage-derived endolysin therapy, such as TSPphg phage exogenous treatment, can aid in disrupting cell walls, leading to bacterial cell lysis. As animals in aquaculture and slaughterhouses are highly susceptible to bacterial infections, effective phage therapy instead of antibiotics can help treat poultry animals, preserve them, and facilitate disease-free trade. Using bioengineered phages and phage cocktails enhances the effectiveness by providing a broad spectrum of phages and target specificity. Research is currently being conducted on clinical trials to confirm the efficacy of engineered phages and phage cocktails in humans. Although obtaining commercial approval may be time-consuming, it will be beneficial in the postantibiotic era. This review provides an overview of the significance of phage therapy as a potential alternative to antibiotics in combating resistant bacterial strains and its application to various fields and emphasizes the importance of safeguarding and ensuring treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti O Kushwaha
- Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Sahu
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Mayuri C Rathod
- Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhaval Patel
- Bioinformatic Division, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
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Bisen M, Kharga K, Mehta S, Jabi N, Kumar L. Bacteriophages in nature: recent advances in research tools and diverse environmental and biotechnological applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:22199-22242. [PMID: 38411907 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Bacteriophages infect and replicate within bacteria and play a key role in the environment, particularly in microbial ecosystems and bacterial population dynamics. The increasing recognition of their significance stems from their wide array of environmental and biotechnological uses, which encompass the mounting issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Beyond their therapeutic potential in combating antibiotic-resistant infections, bacteriophages also find vast applications such as water quality monitoring, bioremediation, and nutrient cycling within environmental sciences. Researchers are actively involved in isolating and characterizing bacteriophages from different natural sources to explore their applications. Gaining insights into key aspects such as the life cycle of bacteriophages, their host range, immune interactions, and physical stability is vital to enhance their application potential. The establishment of diverse phage libraries has become indispensable to facilitate their wide-ranging uses. Consequently, numerous protocols, ranging from traditional to cutting-edge techniques, have been developed for the isolation, detection, purification, and characterization of bacteriophages from diverse environmental sources. This review offers an exploration of tools, delves into the methods of isolation, characterization, and the extensive environmental applications of bacteriophages, particularly in areas like water quality assessment, the food sector, therapeutic interventions, and the phage therapy in various infections and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monish Bisen
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Kusum Kharga
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Sakshi Mehta
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Nashra Jabi
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Lokender Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Raj Khosla Centre for Cancer Research, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, Solan, 173229, India.
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3
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Yin Y, Wang S, Li Y, Yao D, Zhang K, Kong X, Zhang R, Zhang Z. Antagonistic effect of the beneficial bacterium Enterobacter hormaechei against the heavy metal Cu 2+ in housefly larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 272:116077. [PMID: 38335578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Vermicomposting via housefly larvae can be used to efficiently treat manure and regenerate biofertilizer; however, the uptake of heavy metals could negatively influence the growth and development of larvae. Intestinal bacteria play an important role in the development of houseflies, but their effects on resistance to heavy metal damage in houseflies are still poorly understood. In this study, the life history traits and gut microbiota of housefly larvae were evaluated after exposure to an environment with Cu2+ -Enterobacter hormaechei. The data showed that exposure to 300 μg/mL Cu2+ significantly inhibited larval development and locomotor activity and reduced immune capacity. However, dietary supplementation with a Cu2+ -Enterobacter hormaechei mixture resulted in increased body weight and length, and the immune capacity of the larvae returned to normal levels. The abundances of Providencia and Klebsiella increased when larvae were fed Cu2+ -contaminated diets, while the abundances of Enterobacter and Bacillus increased when larvae were exposed to a Cu2+ -Enterobacter hormaechei mixture-contaminated environment. In vitro scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that Enterobacter hormaechei exhibited obvious adsorption of Cu2+ when cultured in the presence of Cu2+, which reduced the damage caused by Cu2+ to other bacteria in the intestine and protected the larvae from Cu2+ injury. Overall, our results showed that Enterobacter hormaechei can absorb Cu2+ and increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria, thus protecting housefly larvae from damage caused by Cu2+. These results may fill the gaps in our understanding of the interactions between heavy metals and beneficial intestinal bacteria, offering valuable insights into the interplay between housefly larvae and metal contaminants in the environment. This approach could enhance the efficiency of converting manure contaminated with heavy metals to resources using houseflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Yin
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian 271016, Shandong, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), No. 619, Changchen Road, Taian 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Shumin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian 271016, Shandong, China; School of Life Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian 271016, Shandong, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), No. 619, Changchen Road, Taian 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Dawei Yao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian 271016, Shandong, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian 271016, Shandong, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), No. 619, Changchen Road, Taian 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxin Kong
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian 271016, Shandong, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), No. 619, Changchen Road, Taian 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian 271016, Shandong, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), No. 619, Changchen Road, Taian 271016, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian 271016, Shandong, China; Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261021, Shandong, China.
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Choudhary M, Pereira J, Davidson EB, Colee J, Santra S, Jones JB, Paret ML. Improved Persistence of Bacteriophage Formulation with Nano N-Acetylcysteine-Zinc Sulfide and Tomato Bacterial Spot Disease Control. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:3933-3942. [PMID: 37368450 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-23-0255-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are biocontrol agents used to manage bacterial diseases. They have long been used against plant pathogenic bacteria; however, several factors impede their use as a reliable disease management strategy. Short-lived persistence on plant surfaces under field conditions results mainly from rapid degradation by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. Currently, there are no effective commercial formulations that protect phages from UV. The phage ΦXp06-02-1, which lyses strains of the tomato bacterial spot pathogen Xanthomonas perforans, was mixed with different concentrations of the nanomaterial N-acetylcysteine surface-coated manganese-doped zinc sulfide (NAC-ZnS; 3.5 nm). In vitro, NAC-ZnS at 10,000 μg/ml formulated phage, when exposed to UV for 1 min, provided statistically equivalent plaque-forming unit (PFU) recovery as phages that were not exposed to UV. NAC-ZnS had no negative effect on the phage's ability to lyse bacterial cells under in vitro conditions. NAC-ZnS reduced phage degradation over time in comparison with the nontreated control, whereas N-acetylcysteine-zinc oxide (NAC-ZnO) had no effect. In fluorescent light, without UV exposure, NAC-ZnO-formulated phages were more infective than NAC-ZnS-formulated phages. The nanomaterial-phage mixture did not cause any phytotoxicity when applied to tomato plants. Following exposure to sunlight, the NAC-ZnS formulation improved phage persistence in the phyllosphere by 15 times compared with nonformulated phages. NAC-ZnO-formulated phage populations were undetectable within 32 h, whereas NAC-ZnS-formulated phage populations were detected at 103 PFU/g. At 4 h of sunlight exposure, NAC-ZnS-formulated phages at 1,000 μg/ml significantly reduced tomato bacterial spot disease severity by 16.4% compared with nonformulated phages. These results suggest that NAC-ZnS can be used to improve the efficacy of phages for bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Choudhary
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- ICAR - National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, PUSA, New Delhi, India
| | - Jorge Pereira
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, U.S.A
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, U.S.A
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, U.S.A
| | - Edwin B Davidson
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, U.S.A
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, U.S.A
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, U.S.A
| | - James Colee
- Statistical Consulting Unit, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - Swadeshmukul Santra
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, U.S.A
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, U.S.A
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey B Jones
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - Mathews L Paret
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
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O’Connell LM, Coffey A, O’Mahony J. Alginate-Encapsulated Mycobacteriophage: A Potential Approach for the Management of Intestinal Mycobacterial Disease. Viruses 2023; 15:2290. [PMID: 38140531 PMCID: PMC10747741 DOI: 10.3390/v15122290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Encapsulated medication is a common method of administering therapeutic treatments. As researchers explore alternative therapies, it is likely that encapsulation will remain a feature of these novel treatments, particularly when routes of delivery are considered. For instance, alginate-encapsulation is often favoured where gastric digestion poses an obstacle. When exposed to cations (namely Ca2+), alginate readily forms gels that are resilient to acidic conditions and readily dissociate in response to mid-range pH. This action can be extremely valuable for the encapsulation of phages. The efficient delivery of phages to the intestine is important when considering mycobacteriophage (MP) therapy (or MP prophylaxis) for disseminated mycobacterial infections and chronic gastroenteritis conditions. This study presents the design and in vitro validation of an alginate-encapsulated MP capable of releasing phages in a pH-dependent manner. Ultimately, it is shown that encapsulated phages pretreated with simulated gastric fluid (SGF) are capable of releasing viable phages into simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and thereby reducing the mycobacterial numbers in spiked SIF by 90%. These findings suggest that alginate encapsulation may be a viable option for therapeutic and prophylactic approaches to the management of intestinal mycobacterial disease, such as Johne's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jim O’Mahony
- Biological Sciences Department, Munster Technological University Bishopstown Campus, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
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6
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Van Cauwenberghe J, Simms EL. How might bacteriophages shape biological invasions? mBio 2023; 14:e0188623. [PMID: 37812005 PMCID: PMC10653932 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01886-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasions by eukaryotes dependent on environmentally acquired bacterial mutualists are often limited by the ability of bacterial partners to survive and establish free-living populations. Focusing on the model legume-rhizobium mutualism, we apply invasion biology hypotheses to explain how bacteriophages can impact the competitiveness of introduced bacterial mutualists. Predicting how phage-bacteria interactions affect invading eukaryotic hosts requires knowing the eco-evolutionary constraints of introduced and native microbial communities, as well as their differences in abundance and diversity. By synthesizing research from invasion biology, as well as bacterial, viral, and community ecology, we create a conceptual framework for understanding and predicting how phages can affect biological invasions through their effects on bacterial mutualists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannick Van Cauwenberghe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ellen L. Simms
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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7
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Chung KM, Liau XL, Tang SS. Bacteriophages and Their Host Range in Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Disease Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1467. [PMID: 37895938 PMCID: PMC10610060 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in recent times has prompted the search for new and more potent antibiotics. Bacteriophages (commonly known as phages) are viruses that target and infect their bacterial hosts. As such, they are also a potential alternative to antibiotics. These phages can be broadly categorized into monovalent (with a narrow host range spectrum and specific to a single bacterial genus) and polyvalent (with a broad host range and specific to more than two genera). However, there is still much ambiguity in the use of these terms, with researchers often describing their phages differently. There is considerable research on the use of both narrow- and broad-host range phages in the treatment of infections and diseases caused by MDR bacteria, including tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infectious diseases. From this, it is clear that the host range of these phages plays a vital role in determining the effectiveness of any phage therapy, and this factor is usually analyzed based on the advantages and limitations of different host ranges. There have also been efforts to expand phage host ranges via phage cocktail development, phage engineering and combination therapies, in line with current technological advancements. This literature review aims to provide a more in-depth understanding of the role of phage host ranges in the effectiveness of treating MDR-bacterial diseases, by exploring the following: phage biology, the importance of phages in MDR bacteria diseases treatment, the importance of phage host range and its advantages and limitations, current findings and recent developments, and finally, possible future directions for wide host range phages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Mun Chung
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Xiew Leng Liau
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Swee Seong Tang
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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8
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Chung KM, Nang SC, Tang SS. The Safety of Bacteriophages in Treatment of Diseases Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1347. [PMID: 37895818 PMCID: PMC10610463 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the urgency due to the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, bacteriophages (phages), which are viruses that specifically target and kill bacteria, are rising as a potential alternative to antibiotics. In recent years, researchers have begun to elucidate the safety aspects of phage therapy with the aim of ensuring safe and effective clinical applications. While phage therapy has generally been demonstrated to be safe and tolerable among animals and humans, the current research on phage safety monitoring lacks sufficient and consistent data. This emphasizes the critical need for a standardized phage safety assessment to ensure a more reliable evaluation of its safety profile. Therefore, this review aims to bridge the knowledge gap concerning phage safety for treating MDR bacterial infections by covering various aspects involving phage applications, including phage preparation, administration, and the implications for human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Mun Chung
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sue C Nang
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Swee Seong Tang
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Šimoliūnas E, Šimoliūnienė M, Laskevičiūtė G, Kvederavičiūtė K, Skapas M, Kaupinis A, Valius M, Meškys R, Kuisienė N. Characterization of Parageobacillus Bacteriophage vB_PtoS_NIIg3.2-A Representative of a New Genus within Thermophilic Siphoviruses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13980. [PMID: 37762288 PMCID: PMC10530707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A high temperature-adapted bacteriophage, vB_PtoS_NIIg3.2 (NIIg3.2), was isolated in Lithuania from compost heaps using Parageobacillus toebii strain NIIg-3 as a host for phage propagation. Furthermore, NIIg3.2 was active against four strains of Geobacillus thermodenitrificans, and it infected the host cells from 50 to 80 °C. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed siphovirus morphology characterized by an isometric head (~59 nm in diameter) and a noncontractile tail (~226 nm in length). The double-stranded DNA genome of NIIg3.2 (38,970 bp) contained 71 probable protein-encoding genes and no genes for tRNA. In total, 29 NIIg3.2 ORFs were given a putative functional annotation, including those coding for the proteins responsible for DNA packaging, virion structure/morphogenesis, phage-host interactions, lysis/lysogeny, replication/regulation, and nucleotide metabolism. Based on comparative phylogenetic and bioinformatic analysis, NIIg3.2 cannot be assigned to any genus currently recognized by ICTV and potentially represents a new one within siphoviruses. The results of this study not only extend our knowledge about poorly explored thermophilic bacteriophages but also provide new insights for further investigation and understanding the evolution of Bacilllus-group bacteria-infecting viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenijus Šimoliūnas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.Š.); (G.L.); (R.M.)
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Monika Šimoliūnienė
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.Š.); (G.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Gintarė Laskevičiūtė
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.Š.); (G.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Kotryna Kvederavičiūtė
- Department of Biological DNA Modification, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Martynas Skapas
- Department of Characterisation of Materials Structure, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Algirdas Kaupinis
- Proteomics Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.K.); (M.V.)
| | - Mindaugas Valius
- Proteomics Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.K.); (M.V.)
| | - Rolandas Meškys
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.Š.); (G.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Nomeda Kuisienė
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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10
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Chen C, Roy S, Wang J, Lu X, Li S, Yang H, Cheng M, Guo B, Xu Y. Piezodynamic Eradication of Both Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria by Using a Nanoparticle Embedded Polymeric Membrane. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2155. [PMID: 37631369 PMCID: PMC10459554 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, bacterial infection is regarded as a serious threat to humankind, which needs to be taken care of. The emergence of antibiotic resistance and multidrug resistance (MDR) is rendering this situation more troublesome. However, several alternative treatment regimens have aided such diseases quite well in the recent past, among which dynamic antibacterial therapies combat this situation quite well. Among various dynamic therapies, piezodynamic therapy is a very recent avenue, in which mechanical stimuli have been exploited to treat bacterial infections. Herein, piezo-active bismuth ferrite-loaded poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) polymer has been utilized to eradicate gram-positive bacteria (E. faecalis) and gram-negative bacteria (E. coli). The sample has been designed in a free-standing membrane form, which, under soft ultrasound (~10 kHz), generates reactive radicals to ablate bacteria. Initially, the structure and morphology of the membrane have been substantiated by using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy methods; besides, Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the sample depicts a tremendously high value of polarizability and further confirms the piezo-activity of the membrane. More than 99% of E. coli and E. faecalis have been successfully eradicated within 30 min of ultrasound. Moreover, the solid-state structure and hydrophobic nature of the membrane help us to reuse it in a cyclic manner, which is possibly reported herein for the very first time. This novel membrane could be deployed in healthcare systems and pigment industries and could be exploited as a self-cleaning material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Baoan Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; (C.C.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Shubham Roy
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (S.R.); (J.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (S.R.); (J.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiafen Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Baoan Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; (C.C.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Siyi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Baoan Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; (C.C.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Baoan Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; (C.C.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Minggang Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Baoan Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; (C.C.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Bing Guo
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (S.R.); (J.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuzhong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Baoan Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; (C.C.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.Y.)
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11
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Ioannou P, Baliou S, Samonis G. Bacteriophages in Infectious Diseases and Beyond-A Narrative Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1012. [PMID: 37370331 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics has revolutionized medicine and has changed medical practice, enabling successful fighting of infection. However, quickly after the start of the antibiotic era, therapeutics for infectious diseases started having limitations due to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Since the antibiotic pipeline has largely slowed down, with few new compounds being produced in the last decades and with most of them belonging to already-existing classes, the discovery of new ways to treat pathogens that are resistant to antibiotics is becoming an urgent need. To that end, bacteriophages (phages), which are already used in some countries in agriculture, aquaculture, food safety, and wastewater plant treatments, could be also used in clinical practice against bacterial pathogens. Their discovery one century ago was followed by some clinical studies that showed optimistic results that were limited, however, by some notable obstacles. However, the rise of antibiotics during the next decades left phage research in an inactive status. In the last decades, new studies on phages have shown encouraging results in animals. Hence, further studies in humans are needed to confirm their potential for effective and safe treatment in cases where there are few or no other viable therapeutic options. This study reviews the biology and applications of phages for medical and non-medical uses in a narrative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Ioannou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stella Baliou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Samonis
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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12
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Fu J, Li Y, Zhao L, Wu C, He Z. Characterization of vB_ValM_PVA8, a broad-host-range bacteriophage infecting Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1105924. [PMID: 37250064 PMCID: PMC10213691 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1105924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy was taken as an alternative strategy to antibiotics in shrimp farming for the control of Vibrio species of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus, which cause substantial mortality and significant economic losses. In this study, a new Vibrio phage vB_ValM_PVA8 (PVA8), which could efficiently infect pathogenic isolates of V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus, was isolated from sewage water and characterized by microbiological and in silico genomic analyses. The phage was characterized to be a member of the Straboviridae family with elongated head and contractile tail by transmission electron microscopy. Genome sequencing showed that PVA8 had a 246,348-bp double-stranded DNA genome with a G + C content of 42.6%. It harbored totally 388 putative open reading frames (ORFs), among them 92 (23.71%) assigned to functional genes. Up to 27 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes were found in the genome, and the genes for virulence, antibiotic resistance, and lysogeny were not detected. NCBI genomic blasting results and the phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of the large terminase subunits and the DNA polymerase indicated that PVA8 shared considerable similarity with Vibrio phage V09 and bacteriophage KVP40. The phage had a latent period of 20 min and a burst size of 309 PFUs/infected cell with the host V. alginolyticus, and it was stable over a broad pH range (4.0-11.0) and a wide temperature span (-80°C to 60°C), respectively, which may benefit its feasibility for phage therapy. In addition, it had the minimum multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.0000001, which revealed its strong multiplication capacity. The shrimp cultivation lab trials demonstrated that PVA8 could be applied in treating pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus infection disease of shrimp with a survival rate of 88.89% comparing to that of 34.43% in the infected group, and the pond application trails confirmed that the implementation of PVA8 could rapidly yet effectively reduce the level of the Vibrio. Taken together, PVA8 may be potential to be explored as a promising biological agent for Vibrio control in aquaculture farming industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Fu
- College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Bioantai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunguang Wu
- College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Bioantai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Zengguo He
- College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Bioantai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
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13
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Recent advances in nanoparticle-mediated antibacterial applications. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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14
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Jo SJ, Kim SG, Lee YM, Giri SS, Kang JW, Lee SB, Jung WJ, Hwang MH, Park J, Cheng C, Roh E, Park SC. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Potential and Characterization of Novel T7-Like Erwinia Bacteriophages. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020180. [PMID: 36829459 PMCID: PMC9953017 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The recent outbreak of blight in pome fruit plants has been a major concern as there are two indistinguishable Erwinia species, Erwinia amylovora and E. pyrifoliae, which cause blight in South Korea. Although there is a strict management protocol consisting of antibiotic-based prevention, the area and the number of cases of outbreaks have increased. In this study, we isolated four bacteriophages, pEp_SNUABM_03, 04, 11, and 12, that infect both E. amylovora and E. pyrifoliae and evaluated their potential as antimicrobial agents for administration against Erwinia-originated blight in South Korea. Morphological analysis revealed that all phages had podovirus-like capsids. The phage cocktail showed a broad spectrum of infectivity, infecting 98.91% of E. amylovora and 100% of E. pyrifoliae strains. The antibacterial effect was observed after long-term cocktail treatment against E. amylovora, whereas it was observed for both short- and long-term treatments against E. pyrifoliae. Genomic analysis verified that the phages did not encode harmful genes such as antibiotic resistance or virulence genes. All phages were stable under general orchard conditions. Collectively, we provided basic data on the potential of phages as biocontrol agents that target both E. amylovora and E. pyrifoliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Jo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Kang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bin Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mae Hyun Hwang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehong Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Cheng
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Ecology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Eunjung Roh
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-1282; Fax: +82-2-873-1213
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15
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Grami E, Laadouze I, Ben Tiba S, Hafiane A, Sealey KS, Saidi N. Isolation, Characterization, and Comparative Genomic Analysis of vB_Pd_C23, a Novel Bacteriophage of Pantoea dispersa. Curr Microbiol 2022; 80:52. [PMID: 36562822 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pantoea bacteria species cause human animal infections, and contribute to soil and aquatic environmental pollution. A novel bacteriophage, vB_Pd_C23 was isolated from a Tunisian wastewater system and represents the first new phage infecting P. dispersa. Lysis kinetics, electron microscopy, and genomic analyses revealed that the vB_Pd_C23 phage has a head diameter of 50 nm and contractile tail dimensions of 100 nm by 23 nm; vB_Pd_C23 has a linear double-stranded DNA genome consisting of 44,714-bp and 49.66% GC-content. Predicted functions were assigned to 75 open reading frames (ORFs) encoding proteins and one tRNA, the annotation revealed that 21 ORFs encode for unique proteins of yet unknown function with no reliable homologies. This indicates that the new species vB_Pd_C23 exhibits novel viral genes. Phylogenetic analysis along with comparative analyses generating nucleotide identity and similarity of vB_Pd_C23 whole genome suggests that the phage is a candidate for a new genus within the Caudoviricetes Class. The characteristics of this phage could not be attributed to any previous genera recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Grami
- Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Laboratoire Eaux, Membranes et Biotechnologies de L'Environnement (LR18CERTE04), Technopark of Borj Cedria, BP 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia.,Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021, Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Imen Laadouze
- Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Laboratoire Eaux, Membranes et Biotechnologies de L'Environnement (LR18CERTE04), Technopark of Borj Cedria, BP 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia.,Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021, Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Saoussen Ben Tiba
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021, Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Amor Hafiane
- Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Laboratoire Eaux, Membranes et Biotechnologies de L'Environnement (LR18CERTE04), Technopark of Borj Cedria, BP 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | | | - Neila Saidi
- Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Laboratoire Eaux, Membranes et Biotechnologies de L'Environnement (LR18CERTE04), Technopark of Borj Cedria, BP 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia.
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16
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Marongiu L, Burkard M, Lauer UM, Hoelzle LE, Venturelli S. Reassessment of Historical Clinical Trials Supports the Effectiveness of Phage Therapy. Clin Microbiol Rev 2022; 35:e0006222. [PMID: 36069758 PMCID: PMC9769689 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00062-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy has become a hot topic in medical research due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria strains. In the treatment of bacterial infections, bacteriophages have several advantages over antibiotics, including strain specificity, lack of serious side effects, and low development costs. However, scientists dismissed the clinical success of early clinical trials in the 1940s, slowing the adoption of this promising antibacterial application in Western countries. The current study used statistical methods commonly used in modern meta-analysis to reevaluate early 20th-century studies and compare them with clinical trials conducted in the last 20 years. Using a random effect model, the development of disease after treatment with or without phages was measured in odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Based on the findings of 17 clinical trials conducted between 1921 and 1940, phage therapy was effective (OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.44, P value < 0.0001). The current study includes a topic review on modern clinical trials; four could be analyzed, indicating a noneffective therapy (OR = 2.84, 95% CI = 1.53 to 5.27, P value = 0.0009). The results suggest phage therapy was surprisingly less effective than standard treatments in resolving bacterial infections. However, the results were affected by the small sample set size. This work also contextualizes the development of phage therapy in the early 20th century and highlights the expansion of phage applications in the last few years. In conclusion, the current review shows phage therapy is no longer an underestimated tool in the treatment of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Marongiu
- Department of Biochemistry of Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Markus Burkard
- Department of Biochemistry of Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrich M. Lauer
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ludwig E. Hoelzle
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- HoLMiR-Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- Department of Biochemistry of Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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17
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Advancements in the Use of Bacteriophages to Combat the Kiwifruit Canker Phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122704. [PMID: 36560706 PMCID: PMC9785728 DOI: 10.3390/v14122704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last several decades, kiwifruit production has been severely damaged by the bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), resulting in severe economic losses worldwide. Currently, copper bactericides and antibiotics are the main tools used to control this bacterial disease. However, their use is becoming increasingly ineffective due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. In addition, environmental issues and the changes in the composition of soil bacterial communities are also concerning when using these substances. Although biocontrol methods have shown promising antibacterial effects on Psa infection under in vitro conditions, the efficiency of antagonistic bacteria and fungi when deployed under field conditions remains unclear. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a phage-based biocontrol strategy for this bacterial pathogen. Due to the specificity of the target bacteria and for the benefit of the environment, bacteriophages (phages) have been widely regarded as promising biological agents to control plant, animal, and human bacterial diseases. An increasing number of studies focus on the use of phages for the control of plant diseases, including the kiwifruit bacterial canker. In this review, we first introduce the characteristics of the Psa-induced kiwifruit canker, followed by a description of the diversity and virulence of Psa strains. The main focus of the review is the description of recent advances in the isolation of Psa phages and their characterization, including morphology, host range, lytic activity, genome characterization, and lysis mechanism, but we also describe the biocontrol strategies together with potential challenges introduced by abiotic factors, such as high temperature, extreme pH, and UV irradiation in kiwifruit orchards. The information presented in this review highlights the potential role of phages in controlling Psa infection to ensure plant protection.
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18
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Li X, Liang Y, Wang Z, Yao Y, Chen X, Shao A, Lu L, Dang H. Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Vibrio natriegens—Infecting Phage and Its Potential Therapeutic Application in Abalone Aquaculture. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111670. [PMID: 36421384 PMCID: PMC9687132 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phage-based pathogen control (i.e., phage therapy) has received increasing scientific attention to reduce and prevent the emergence, transmission, and detrimental effects of antibiotic resistance. In the current study, multidrug-resistant Vibrio natriegens strain AbY-1805 was isolated and tentatively identified as a pathogen causing the death of juvenile Pacific abalones (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). In order to apply phage therapy, instead of antibiotics, to treat and control V. natriegens infections in marine aquaculture environments, a lytic phage, vB_VnaS-L3, was isolated. It could effectively infect V. natriegens AbY-1805 with a short latent period (40 min) and high burst size (~890 PFU/cell). Treatment with vB_VnaS-L3 significantly reduced the mortality of juvenile abalones and maintained abalone feeding capacity over a 40-day V. natriegens challenge experiment. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that vB_VnaS-L3 was a novel marine Siphoviridae-family phage. Furthermore, vB_VnaS-L3 had a narrow host range, possibly specific to the pathogenic V. natriegens strains. It also exhibited viability at a wide range of pH, temperature, and salinity. The short latent period, large burst size, high host specificity, and broad environmental adaptation suggest that phage vB_VnaS-L3 could potentially be developed as an alternative antimicrobial for the control and prevention of marine animal infections caused by pathogenic V. natriegens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yantao Liang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Weihai Changqing Ocean Science Technology Co., Ltd., Weihai 264316, China
| | - Yanyan Yao
- Weihai Changqing Ocean Science Technology Co., Ltd., Weihai 264316, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Weihai Changqing Ocean Science Technology Co., Ltd., Weihai 264316, China
| | - Anran Shao
- Weihai Changqing Ocean Science Technology Co., Ltd., Weihai 264316, China
| | - Longfei Lu
- Weihai Changqing Ocean Science Technology Co., Ltd., Weihai 264316, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Hongyue Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (H.D.)
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19
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Lomelí-Ortega CO, Barajas-Sandoval DR, Martínez-Villalobos JM, Jaramillo CR, Chávez EM, Gómez-Gil B, Balcázar JL, Quiroz-Guzmán E. A Broad-Host-Range Phage Cocktail Selectively and Effectively Eliminates Vibrio Species from Shrimp Aquaculture Environment. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02118-1. [PMID: 36194291 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The protective effects of a phage cocktail composed of vB_Vc_SrVc2 and vB_Vc_SrVc9 were tested in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) postlarvae, which were originally isolated from diseased shrimps and selected due to their broad-host-range properties against several pathogenic Vibsrio species. We used culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches to explore its effect on bacterial communities associated with shrimp postlarvae. Both methods revealed that the levels of Vibrio species were significantly reduced after phage cocktail administration. Phage-treated shrimp also exhibisuppted lesser damage and higher lipid accumulation in B cells of the hepatopancreas, as revealed by histopathological examination. Taken together, this study provides clear evidence that phage therapy can selectively and effectively reduce Vibrio species, thereby providing an environmentally safe alternative to the prophylactic use of antibiotics in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Omar Lomelí-Ortega
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Diana R Barajas-Sandoval
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | | | - Carmen Rodriguez Jaramillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Eulalia Meza Chávez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Bruno Gómez-Gil
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación Y Desarrollo AC, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - José L Balcázar
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003, Girona, Spain
- University of Girona, 17004, Girona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Quiroz-Guzmán
- CONACYT-CIBNOR, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, Baja California Sur, 23096, La Paz, Mexico.
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20
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Efimov AD, Golomidova AK, Kulikov EE, Belalov IS, Ivanov PA, Letarov AV. RB49-like Bacteriophages Recognize O Antigens as One of the Alternative Primary Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911329. [PMID: 36232640 PMCID: PMC9569957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The power of most of the enterobacterial O antigen types to provide robust protection against direct recognition of the cell surface by bacteriophage receptor-recognition proteins (RBP) has been recently recognized. The bacteriophages infecting O antigen producing strains of E. coli employ various strategies to tackle this nonspecific protection. T-even related phages, including RB49-like viruses, often have wide host ranges, being considered good candidates for use in phage therapy. However, the mechanisms by which these phages overcome the O antigen barrier remain unknown. We demonstrate here that RB49 and related phages Cognac49 and Whisky49 directly use certain types of O antigen as their primary receptors recognized by the virus long tail fibers (LTF) RBP gp38, so the O antigen becomes an attractant instead of an obstacle. Simultaneously to recognize multiple O antigen types, LTFs of each of these phages can bind to additional receptors, such as OmpA protein, enabling them to infect some rough strains of E. coli. We speculate that the mechanical force of the deployment of the short tail fibers (STF) triggered by the LTF binding to the O antigen or underneath of it, allows the receptor binding domains of STF to break through the O polysaccharide layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr D Efimov
- Laboratory of Microbial Viruses, Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology RC Biotechnology RAS, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla K Golomidova
- Laboratory of Microbial Viruses, Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology RC Biotechnology RAS, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene E Kulikov
- Laboratory of Microbial Viruses, Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology RC Biotechnology RAS, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya S Belalov
- Laboratory of Microbial Viruses, Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology RC Biotechnology RAS, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A Ivanov
- Laboratory of Microbial Viruses, Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology RC Biotechnology RAS, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Letarov
- Laboratory of Microbial Viruses, Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology RC Biotechnology RAS, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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21
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Biological and Molecular Characterization of the Lytic Bacteriophage SoKa against Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Causal Agent of Citrus Blast and Black Pit in Tunisia. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091949. [PMID: 36146756 PMCID: PMC9503068 DOI: 10.3390/v14091949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss), the causal agent of citrus blast and black pit lesion of lemon fruit, continues to cause serious damage in citrus production in Tunisia. Faced with the rapid emergence of the disease and the inefficiency of conventional control methods, an alternative strategy based on the use of bacteriophages was pursued in this study. The lytic Pss bacteriophage SoKa was isolated from soil collected from Tunisian citrus orchards. Analysis of the host range showed that SoKa was able to lyse seven other Pss strains. Interestingly, Pseudomonas syringae pv. porri, pathogenic to leek, could also be infected by SoKa. The activity of SoKa was maintained at pH values between 2 and 10, at temperatures between −80 and 37 °C; the phage could resist UV radiation at an intensity of 320 nm up to 40 min. Whole genome sequencing revealed that the Pseudomonas phage SoKa is a novel phage that belongs to the Bifseptvirus genus of the Autographiviridae family. The absence of virulence proteins and lysogeny-associated proteins encoded on the phage genome, its anti-biofilm activity, and the significant reduction of tissue necrosis in different fruit bioassays make SoKa potentially suitable for use in phage biocontrol.
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22
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Minimizing Foaming and Bulking in Activated Sludge with Bacteriophage Treatment: A Review of Mathematical Modeling. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in the ability of phages to control bacterial populations has extended from medical applications into the fields of agriculture, aquaculture, and the food industry. In particular, several authors have proposed using bacteriophages as an alternative method to control foaming and bulking in wastewater treatment. This strategy has shown successful results at the laboratory scale. However, this technology is still in development, and there are several challenges to overcome before bacteriophages can be widely used to control foaming and bulking in pilot or larger-scale treatment plants. Several models of the infection mechanisms in individual bacteria–phage pairs have been reported, i.e., for controlled systems with only one bacterium species in the presence of one phage species. However, activated sludge treatment systems largely differ from this situation, which opens a large horizon for future research. Mathematical models will play a key role in this development process, and this review offers an overview of the proposed models: their applications, potential, and challenges. A particular focus is placed on the model properties, such as parameter identifiability and states’ observability, which are essential for process prediction, monitoring, or dynamic optimization.
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23
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Peixoto RS, Voolstra CR, Sweet M, Duarte CM, Carvalho S, Villela H, Lunshof JE, Gram L, Woodhams DC, Walter J, Roik A, Hentschel U, Thurber RV, Daisley B, Ushijima B, Daffonchio D, Costa R, Keller-Costa T, Bowman JS, Rosado AS, Reid G, Mason CE, Walke JB, Thomas T, Berg G. Harnessing the microbiome to prevent global biodiversity loss. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:1726-1735. [PMID: 35864220 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Global biodiversity loss and mass extinction of species are two of the most critical environmental issues the world is currently facing, resulting in the disruption of various ecosystems central to environmental functions and human health. Microbiome-targeted interventions, such as probiotics and microbiome transplants, are emerging as potential options to reverse deterioration of biodiversity and increase the resilience of wildlife and ecosystems. However, the implementation of these interventions is urgently needed. We summarize the current concepts, bottlenecks and ethical aspects encompassing the careful and responsible management of ecosystem resources using the microbiome (termed microbiome stewardship) to rehabilitate organisms and ecosystem functions. We propose a real-world application framework to guide environmental and wildlife probiotic applications. This framework details steps that must be taken in the upscaling process while weighing risks against the high toll of inaction. In doing so, we draw parallels with other aspects of contemporary science moving swiftly in the face of urgent global challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel S Peixoto
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Christian R Voolstra
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael Sweet
- Aquatic Research Facility, Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Susana Carvalho
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Helena Villela
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeantine E Lunshof
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Center for Bioethics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lone Gram
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Douglas C Woodhams
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Jens Walter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, and Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anna Roik
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ute Hentschel
- RD3 Marine Symbioses, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Brendan Daisley
- Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Blake Ushijima
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Daniele Daffonchio
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rodrigo Costa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tina Keller-Costa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jeff S Bowman
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alexandre S Rosado
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gregor Reid
- Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jenifer B Walke
- Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA, USA
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.,University of Postdam and Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
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24
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Pruvost O, Ibrahim YE, Sharafaddin AH, Boyer K, Widyawan A, Al‐Saleh MA. Molecular epidemiology of the citrus bacterial pathogen
Xanthomonas citri
pv.
citri
from the Arabian Peninsula reveals a complex structure of specialist and generalist strains. Evol Appl 2022; 15:1423-1435. [PMID: 36187189 PMCID: PMC9488683 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular epidemiology studies are essential to refine our understanding of migrations of phytopathogenic bacteria, the major determining factor in their emergence, and to understand the factors that shape their population structure. Microsatellite and minisatellite typing are useful techniques for deciphering the population structure of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, the causal agent of Asiatic citrus canker. This paper presents a molecular epidemiology study, which has improved our understanding of the history of the pathogen's introductions into the Arabian Peninsula, since it was first reported in the 1980s. An unexpectedly high genetic diversity of the pathogen was revealed. The four distinct genetic lineages within X. citri pv. citri, which have been reported throughout the world, were identified in the Arabian Peninsula, most likely as the result of multiple introductions. No copper‐resistant X. citri pv. citri strains were identified. The pathogen's population structure on Mexican lime (their shared host species) was closely examined in two countries, Saudi Arabia and Yemen. We highlighted the marked prevalence of specialist pathotype A* strains in both countries, which suggests that specialist strains of X. citri pv. citri may perform better than generalist strains when they occur concomitantly in this environment. Subclade 4.2 was the prevailing lineage identified. Several analyses (genetic structure deciphered by discriminant analysis of principal components, RST‐based genetic differentiation, geographic structure) congruently suggested the role of human activities in the pathogen's spread. We discuss the implications of these results on the management of Asiatic citrus canker in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasser Eid. Ibrahim
- Department of Plant Protection College of Food and Agriculture Sciences King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Hamoud Sharafaddin
- Department of Plant Protection College of Food and Agriculture Sciences King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Karine Boyer
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, F‐97410 Saint Pierre La Réunion France
| | - Arya Widyawan
- Department of Plant Protection College of Food and Agriculture Sciences King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Al‐Saleh
- Department of Plant Protection College of Food and Agriculture Sciences King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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25
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In Vivo Bacteriophages’ Application for the Prevention and Therapy of Aquaculture Animals–Chosen Aspects. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101233. [PMID: 35625078 PMCID: PMC9137707 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To meet the nutritional requirements of our growing population, animal production must double by 2050, and due to the exhaustion of environmental capacity, any growth will have to come from aquaculture. Aquaculture is currently undergoing a dynamic development, but the intensification of production increases the risk of bacterial diseases. In recent years, there has been a drastic development in the resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents approved for use, which has also taken place in aquaculture. Consequently, animal mortality and economic losses in livestock have increased. The use of drugs in closed systems is an additional challenge as it can damage biological filters. For this reason, there has been a growing interest in natural methods of combating pathogens. One of the methods is the use of bacteriophages both for prophylactic purposes and therapy. This work summarizes the diverse results of the in vivo application of bacteriophages for the prevention and control of bacterial pathogens in aquatic animals to provide a reference for further research on bacteriophages in aquaculture and to compare major achievements in the field.
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26
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Bacteriophage therapy in aquaculture: current status and future challenges. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:573-590. [PMID: 35305247 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The escalation of antibiotic resistance has revitalized bacteriophage (phage) therapy. Recently, phage therapy has been gradually applied in medicine, agriculture, food, and environmental fields due to its distinctive features of high efficiency, specificity, and environmental friendliness compared to antibiotics. Likewise, phage therapy also holds great promise in controlling pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture. The application of phage therapy instead of antibiotics to eliminate pathogenic bacteria such as Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, and Flavobacterium and to reduce fish mortality in aquaculture has been frequently reported. In this context, the present review summarizes and analyzes the current status of phage therapy in aquaculture, focusing on the key parameters of phage application, such as phage isolation, selection, dosage, and administration modes, and introducing the strategies and methods to boost efficacy and restrain the emergence of resistance. In addition, we discussed the human safety, environmental friendliness, and techno-economic practicability of phage therapy in aquaculture. Finally, this review outlines the current challenges of phage therapy application in aquaculture from the perspectives of phage resistance, phage-mediated resistance gene transfer, and effects on the host immune system.
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27
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Domingo-Echaburu S, Dávalos LM, Orive G, Lertxundi U. Drug pollution & Sustainable Development Goals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149412. [PMID: 34391154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The United Nations set "The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development," which includes the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a collection of 17 global goals designed to be a "blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all". Although only mentioned in one of the seventeen goals (goal 3), we argue that drugs in general, and growing drug pollution in particular, affects the SDGs in deeper, not readily apparent ways. So far, the emerging problem of drug pollution has not been sufficiently addressed. Here, we outline and discuss how drug pollution can affect SDGs and even threaten their achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Domingo-Echaburu
- Pharmacy Service, Alto Deba-Integrated Health Care Organization, Arrasate, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - L M Dávalos
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, 626 Life Sciences Building, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Consortium for Inter-Disciplinary Environmental Research, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 129 Dana Hall, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - G Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain; Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - U Lertxundi
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba Mental Health Network, Araba Psychiatric Hospital, Pharmacy Service, c/Alava 43, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain.
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28
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Fu B, Zhai Y, Gleason M, Beattie GA. Characterization of Erwinia tracheiphila Bacteriophage FBB1 Isolated from Spotted Cucumber Beetles that Vector E. tracheiphila. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:2185-2194. [PMID: 34033507 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-21-0093-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Erwinia tracheiphila, the causal pathogen of bacterial wilt of cucurbit crops, is disseminated by cucumber beetles. A bacteriophage, designated FBB1 (Fu-Beattie-Beetle-1), was isolated from spotted cucumber beetles (Diabrotica undecimpunctata) that were collected from a field in which E. tracheiphila is endemic. FBB1 was classified into the Myoviridae family based on its morphology, which includes an elongated icosahedral head (106 × 82 nm) and a putatively contractile tail (120 nm). FBB1 infected all 62 E. tracheiphila strains examined and three Pantoea spp. strains. FBB1 virions were stable at 55°C for 1 h and tolerated a pH range from 3 to 12. FBB1 has a genome of 175,994 bp with 316 predicted coding sequences and a GC content of 36.5%. The genome contains genes for a major bacterial outer-membrane protein, a putative exopolysaccharide depolymerase, and 22 predicted transfer RNAs. The morphology and genome indicate that FBB1 is a T4-like virus and thus in the Tevenvirinae subfamily. FBB1 is the first virulent phage of E. tracheiphila to be reported and, to date, is one of only two bacteriophages to be isolated from insect vectors of phytopathogens. Collectively, the results support FBB1 as a promising candidate for biocontrol of E. tracheiphila based on its virulent (lytic) rather than lysogenic lifestyle, its infection of all E. tracheiphila strains examined to date, and its infection of a few nonpathogenic bacteria that could be used to support phage populations when pathogen numbers are low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benzhong Fu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Yingyan Zhai
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Mark Gleason
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Gwyn A Beattie
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
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29
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Alomari MMM, Dec M, Urban-Chmiel R. Bacteriophages as an Alternative Method for Control of Zoonotic and Foodborne Pathogens. Viruses 2021; 13:2348. [PMID: 34960617 PMCID: PMC8709489 DOI: 10.3390/v13122348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The global increase in multidrug-resistant infections caused by various pathogens has raised concerns in human and veterinary medicine. This has renewed interest in the development of alternative methods to antibiotics, including the use of bacteriophages for controlling bacterial infections. The aim of this review is to present potential uses of bacteriophages as an alternative to antibiotics in the control of bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria posing a risk to humans, with particular emphasis on foodborne and zoonotic pathogens. A varied therapeutic and immunomodulatory (activation or suppression) effect of bacteriophages on humoral and cellular immune response mechanisms has been demonstrated. The antibiotic resistance crisis caused by global antimicrobial resistance among bacteria creates a compelling need for alternative safe and selectively effective antibacterial agents. Bacteriophages have many properties indicating their potential suitability as therapeutic and/or prophylactic agents. In many cases, bacteriophages can also be used in food quality control against microorganisms such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Listeria, Campylobacter and others. Future research will provide potential alternative solutions using bacteriophages to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Dec
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Renata Urban-Chmiel
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
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30
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Ramos-Vivas J, Superio J, Galindo-Villegas J, Acosta F. Phage Therapy as a Focused Management Strategy in Aquaculture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10436. [PMID: 34638776 PMCID: PMC8508683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic bacteriophages, commonly called as phages, are a promising potential alternative to antibiotics in the management of bacterial infections of a wide range of organisms including cultured fish. Their natural immunogenicity often induces the modulation of a variated collection of immune responses within several types of immunocytes while promoting specific mechanisms of bacterial clearance. However, to achieve standardized treatments at the practical level and avoid possible side effects in cultivated fish, several improvements in the understanding of their biology and the associated genomes are required. Interestingly, a particular feature with therapeutic potential among all phages is the production of lytic enzymes. The use of such enzymes against human and livestock pathogens has already provided in vitro and in vivo promissory results. So far, the best-understood phages utilized to fight against either Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacterial species in fish culture are mainly restricted to the Myoviridae and Podoviridae, and the Siphoviridae, respectively. However, the current functional use of phages against bacterial pathogens of cultured fish is still in its infancy. Based on the available data, in this review, we summarize the current knowledge about phage, identify gaps, and provide insights into the possible bacterial control strategies they might represent for managing aquaculture-related bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ramos-Vivas
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (J.R.-V.); (F.A.)
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | - Joshua Superio
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway;
| | | | - Félix Acosta
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (J.R.-V.); (F.A.)
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31
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Fathima B, Archer AC. Bacteriophage therapy: Recent developments and applications of a renaissant weapon. Res Microbiol 2021; 172:103863. [PMID: 34293451 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2021.103863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global health problem and one of the leading concerns in healthcare sector. Bacteriophages are antibacterial agents ubiquitous in nature. With increase in antibiotic resistance, use of bacteriophages as therapeutics has become resurgent in recent times. This review focuses on the recent developments in phage therapy and its applications with respect to human infections, animal, food and environment. Moreover, use of phage proteins, bioengineered bacteriophages, and phage derived vaccines is also highlighted. Additionally, the limitations and challenges with regard to implementation of phage therapy, host safety and immune responses are also reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Fathima
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | - Ann Catherine Archer
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India.
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32
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Huang Z, Zhang Z, Tong J, Malakar PK, Chen L, Liu H, Pan Y, Zhao Y. Phages and their lysins: Toolkits in the battle against foodborne pathogens in the postantibiotic era. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:3319-3343. [PMID: 33938116 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, foods waste caused by putrefactive organisms and diseases caused by foodborne pathogens persist as public health problems even with a plethora of modern antimicrobials. Our over reliance on antimicrobials use in agriculture, medicine, and other fields will lead to a postantibiotic era where bacterial genotypic resistance, phenotypic adaptation, and other bacterial evolutionary strategies cause antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This AMR is evidenced by the emergence of multiple drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and pan-resistant (PDR) bacteria, which produces cross-contamination in multiple fields and poses a more serious threat to food safety. A "red queen premise" surmises that the coevolution of phages and bacteria results in an evolutionary arms race that compels phages to adapt and survive bacterial antiphage strategies. Phages and their lysins are therefore useful toolkits in the design of novel antimicrobials in food protection and foodborne pathogens control, and the modality of using phages as a targeted vector against foodborne pathogens is gaining momentum based on many encouraging research outcomes. In this review, we discuss the rationale of using phages and their lysins as weapons against spoilage organisms and foodborne pathogens, and outline the targeted conquest or dodge mechanism of phages and the development of novel phage prospects. We also highlight the implementation of phages and their lysins to control foodborne pathogens in a farm-table-hospital domain in the postantibiotic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jinrong Tong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pradeep K Malakar
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Haiquan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
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33
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Novel Virulent Bacteriophages Infecting Mediterranean Isolates of the Plant Pest Xylella fastidiosa and Xanthomonas albilineans. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050725. [PMID: 33919362 PMCID: PMC8143317 DOI: 10.3390/v13050725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a plant pathogen causing significant losses in agriculture worldwide. Originating from America, this bacterium caused recent epidemics in southern Europe and is thus considered an emerging pathogen. As the European regulations do not authorize antibiotic treatment in plants, alternative treatments are urgently needed to control the spread of the pathogen and eventually to cure infected crops. One such alternative is the use of phage therapy, developed more than 100 years ago to cure human dysentery and nowadays adapted to agriculture. The first step towards phage therapy is the isolation of the appropriate bacteriophages. With this goal, we searched for phages able to infect Xf strains that are endemic in the Mediterranean area. However, as Xf is truly a fastidious organism, we chose the phylogenetically closest and relatively fast-growing organism X. albineans as a surrogate host for the isolation step. Our results showed the isolation from various sources and preliminary characterization of several phages active on different Xf strains, namely, from the fastidiosa (Xff), multiplex (Xfm), and pauca (Xfp) subspecies, as well as on X. albilineans. We sequenced their genomes, described their genomic features, and provided a phylogeny analysis that allowed us to propose new taxonomic elements. Among the 14 genomes sequenced, we could identify two new phage species, belonging to two new genera of the Caudoviricetes order, namely, Usmevirus (Podoviridae family) and Subavirus (Siphoviridae family). Interestingly, no specific phages could be isolated from infected plant samples, whereas one was isolated from vector insects captured in a contaminated area, and several from surface and sewage waters from the Marseille area.
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Squires RA. Bacteriophage therapy for challenging bacterial infections: achievements, limitations and prospects for future clinical use by veterinary dermatologists. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:587-e158. [PMID: 33870572 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteriophages were discovered just over 100 years ago and have been used to treat bacterial infections in animals since the 1920s. The antimicrobial resistance crisis has led to a new surge of interest in the use of bacteriophage therapy as an alternative or supplement to antimicrobial therapy in humans and other animals. OBJECTIVES To describe the nature of bacteriophages and provide a critical review and update on the clinical use of bacteriophages in the treatment of challenging bacterial infections, with an emphasis on companion animal veterinary applications. METHODS AND MATERIALS The scientific literature on the subject was critically evaluated. Findings from the most pertinent papers have been presented in summary form and critiqued. RESULTS Over the last 20 years there has been a considerable increase in the volume and quality of publications dealing with bacteriophage therapy. Some recent papers build on excellent work published in the 1980s and describe promising veterinary applications. Challenges related particularly to the registration and approval of phage remedies will need to be overcome before phage therapy can become a mainstream tool for use in veterinary settings. Considerably more research, particularly controlled clinical trials, needs to be done. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Bacteriophage therapy is one of the most promising approaches to tackling the looming antimicrobial resistance crisis, yet substantial regulatory challenges will need to be overcome before it enters widespread use. Phage therapy also may, in the future, improve the management of challenging bacterial infections that are not necessarily multidrug-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Adrian Squires
- Discipline of Veterinary Science, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4814, Australia
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Žukauskienė E, Šimoliūnienė M, Truncaitė L, Skapas M, Kaupinis A, Valius M, Meškys R, Šimoliūnas E. Pantoea Bacteriophage vB_PagS_AAS23: A Singleton of the Genus Sauletekiovirus. Microorganisms 2021; 9:668. [PMID: 33807116 PMCID: PMC8004638 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A cold-adapted siphovirus, vB_PagS_AAS23 (AAS23) was isolated in Lithuania using the Pantoea agglomerans strain AUR for the phage propagation. The double-stranded DNA genome of AAS23 (51,170 bp) contains 92 probable protein encoding genes, and no genes for tRNA. A comparative sequence analysis revealed that 25 of all AAS23 open reading frames (ORFs) code for unique proteins that have no reliable identity to database entries. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, AAS23 has no close relationship to other viruses publicly available to date and represents a single species of the genus Sauletekiovirus within the family Drexlerviridae. The phage is able to form plaques in bacterial lawns even at 4 °C and demonstrates a depolymerase activity. Thus, the data presented in this study not only provides the information on Pantoea-infecting bacteriophages, but also offers novel insights into the diversity of cold-adapted viruses and their potential to be used as biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Žukauskienė
- Life Sciences Centre, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.Ž.); (M.Š.); (R.M.)
| | - Monika Šimoliūnienė
- Life Sciences Centre, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.Ž.); (M.Š.); (R.M.)
| | - Lidija Truncaitė
- Life Sciences Centre, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.Ž.); (M.Š.); (R.M.)
| | - Martynas Skapas
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Algirdas Kaupinis
- Proteomics Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.K.); (M.V.)
| | - Mindaugas Valius
- Proteomics Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.K.); (M.V.)
| | - Rolandas Meškys
- Life Sciences Centre, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.Ž.); (M.Š.); (R.M.)
| | - Eugenijus Šimoliūnas
- Life Sciences Centre, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.Ž.); (M.Š.); (R.M.)
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Hassan AY, Lin JT, Ricker N, Anany H. The Age of Phage: Friend or Foe in the New Dawn of Therapeutic and Biocontrol Applications? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:199. [PMID: 33670836 PMCID: PMC7997343 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended overuse and misuse of antibiotics and other antibacterial agents has resulted in an antimicrobial resistance crisis. Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, have emerged as a legitimate alternative antibacterial agent with a wide scope of applications which continue to be discovered and refined. However, the potential of some bacteriophages to aid in the acquisition, maintenance, and dissemination of negatively associated bacterial genes, including resistance and virulence genes, through transduction is of concern and requires deeper understanding in order to be properly addressed. In particular, their ability to interact with mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, genomic islands, and integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) enables bacteriophages to contribute greatly to bacterial evolution. Nonetheless, bacteriophages have the potential to be used as therapeutic and biocontrol agents within medical, agricultural, and food processing settings, against bacteria in both planktonic and biofilm environments. Additionally, bacteriophages have been deployed in developing rapid, sensitive, and specific biosensors for various bacterial targets. Intriguingly, their bioengineering capabilities show great promise in improving their adaptability and effectiveness as biocontrol and detection tools. This review aims to provide a balanced perspective on bacteriophages by outlining advantages, challenges, and future steps needed in order to boost their therapeutic and biocontrol potential, while also providing insight on their potential role in contributing to bacterial evolution and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Y. Hassan
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Janet T. Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Nicole Ricker
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Hany Anany
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada;
- Department of Food Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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D’Accolti M, Soffritti I, Mazzacane S, Caselli E. Bacteriophages as a Potential 360-Degree Pathogen Control Strategy. Microorganisms 2021; 9:261. [PMID: 33513949 PMCID: PMC7911525 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are viruses that exclusively kill bacteria and are the most ubiquitous organisms on the planet. Since their discovery, bacteriophages have been considered an important weapon to fight human and animal infections of bacterial origin due to their specific ability to attack the associated target bacteria. With the discovery of antibiotics, phage treatment was progressively abandoned in Western countries. However, due to the recent emergence of growing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to antibiotics, interest in phage use in human therapy has once again grown. Similarly, at the environmental level, the extensive use of disinfectants based on chemicals, including biocides in agriculture, has been associated with the emergence of resistance against disinfectants themselves, besides having a high environmental impact. Due to these issues, the applications of phages with biocontrol purposes have become an interesting option in several fields, including farms, food industry, agriculture, aquaculture and wastewater plants. Notably, phage action is maintained even when the target bacteria are multidrug resistant (MDR), rendering this option extremely interesting in counteracting AMR emergence both for therapeutical and decontamination purposes. Based on this, bacteriophages have been interestingly proposed as environmental routine sanitizers in hospitals, to counteract the spread of the pathogenic MDR bacteria that persistently contaminate hard surfaces. This review summarizes the studies aimed at evaluating the potential use of phages as decontaminants, with a special focus on hospital sanitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D’Accolti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.); (I.S.)
- CIAS Research Centre, Department of Architecture and Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Irene Soffritti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.); (I.S.)
- CIAS Research Centre, Department of Architecture and Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Sante Mazzacane
- CIAS Research Centre, Department of Architecture and Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.); (I.S.)
- CIAS Research Centre, Department of Architecture and Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
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G. Villa T, Sieiro C. Phage Therapy, Lysin Therapy, and Antibiotics: A Trio Due to Come. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090604. [PMID: 32942631 PMCID: PMC7560232 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their introduction, at the beginning of the 20th century, antibiotics were regarded as "magic-bullets", a term coined by Paul Ehrlich, and, for several decades, considered as the universal panacea to combat pathogenic and/or undesirable bacteria [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás G. Villa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (T.G.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Carmen Sieiro
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Area of Microbiology, University of Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Correspondence: (T.G.V.); (C.S.)
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