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Gerrits T, Dijkstra KL, Bruijn JA, Scharpfenecker M, Bijkerk R, Baelde HJ. Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated terminal intron retention of endoglin: A potential strategy to inhibit renal interstitial fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167186. [PMID: 38642778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
TGF-β is considered an important cytokine in the development of interstitial fibrosis in chronic kidney disease. The TGF-β co-receptor endoglin (ENG) tends to be upregulated in kidney fibrosis. ENG has two membrane bound isoforms generated via alternative splicing. Long-ENG was shown to enhance the extent of renal fibrosis in an unilateral ureteral obstruction mouse model, while short-ENG inhibited renal fibrosis. Here we aimed to achieve terminal intron retention of endoglin using antisense-oligo nucleotides (ASOs), thereby shifting the ratio towards short-ENG to inhibit the TGF-β1-mediated pro-fibrotic response. We isolated mRNA from kidney biopsies of patients with chronic allograft disease (CAD) (n = 12) and measured total ENG and short-ENG mRNA levels. ENG mRNA was upregulated 2.3 fold (p < 0.05) in kidneys of CAD patients compared to controls, while the percentage short-ENG of the total ENG mRNA was significantly lower (1.8 fold; p < 0.05). Transfection of ASOs that target splicing regulatory sites of ENG into TK173 fibroblasts led to higher levels of short-ENG (2 fold; p < 0.05). In addition, we stimulated these cells with TGF-β1 and measured a decrease in upregulation of ACTA2, COL1A1 and FN1 mRNA levels, and protein expression of αSMA, collagen type I, and fibronectin. These results show a potential for ENG ASOs as a therapy to reduce interstitial fibrosis in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Gerrits
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Kyra L Dijkstra
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jan Anthonie Bruijn
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marion Scharpfenecker
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Roel Bijkerk
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hans J Baelde
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
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2
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Jacobs ME, de Vries DK, Engelse MA, Dumas SJ, Rabelink TJ. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition in kidney fibrosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2024; 39:752-760. [PMID: 37968135 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases are characterized by the uncontrolled accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components leading to disruption of tissue homeostasis. Myofibroblasts as the main ECM-producing cells can originate from various differentiated cell types after injury. Particularly, the process of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (endMT), describing phenotypic shifts of endothelial cells to adopt a fully mesenchymal identity, may contribute to the pool of myofibroblasts in fibrosis, while leading to capillary rarefaction and exacerbation of tissue hypoxia. In renal disease, incomplete recovery from acute kidney injury (AKI) and the ensuing fibrotic reaction stand out as major contributors to chronic kidney disease (CKD) development. While the focus has largely been on impaired tubular epithelial repair as a potential fibrosis-driving mechanism, alterations in the renal microcirculation post-AKI, and in particular endMT as a maladaptive response, could hold equal significance. Dysfunctional interplays among various cell types in the kidney microenvironment can instigate endMT. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling, with its downstream activation of canonical/Smad-mediated and non-canonical pathways, has been identified as primary driver of this process. However, non-TGF-β-mediated pathways involving inflammatory agents and metabolic shifts in intercellular communication within the tissue microenvironment can also trigger endMT. These harmful, maladaptive cell-cell interactions and signaling pathways offer potential targets for therapeutic intervention to impede endMT and decelerate fibrogenesis such as in AKI-CKD progression. Presently, partial reduction of TGF-β signaling using anti-diabetic drugs or statins may hold therapeutic potential in renal context. Nevertheless, further investigation is warranted to validate underlying mechanisms and assess positive effects within a clinical framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen E Jacobs
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dorottya K de Vries
- Transplant Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marten A Engelse
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sébastien J Dumas
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Callan A, Jha S, Valdez L, Baldado L, Tsin A. TGF-β Signaling Pathways in the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3052. [PMID: 38474297 PMCID: PMC10932130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus affecting a significant portion of the global population, has long been viewed primarily as a microvascular disorder. However, emerging evidence suggests that it should be redefined as a neurovascular disease with multifaceted pathogenesis rooted in oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling family has emerged as a major contributor to DR pathogenesis due to its pivotal role in retinal vascular homeostasis, endothelial cell barrier function, and pericyte differentiation. However, the precise roles of TGF-β signaling in DR remain incompletely understood, with conflicting reports on its impact in different stages of the disease. Additionally, the BMP subfamily within the TGF-β superfamily introduces further complexity, with BMPs exhibiting both pro- and anti-angiogenic properties. Furthermore, TGF-β signaling extends beyond the vascular realm, encompassing immune regulation, neuronal survival, and maintenance. The intricate interactions between TGF-β and reactive oxygen species (ROS), non-coding RNAs, and inflammatory mediators have been implicated in the pathogenesis of DR. This review delves into the complex web of signaling pathways orchestrated by the TGF-β superfamily and their involvement in DR. A comprehensive understanding of these pathways may hold the key to developing targeted therapies to halt or mitigate the progression of DR and its devastating consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Tsin
- School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (A.C.); (S.J.); (L.V.); (L.B.)
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Chen J, Zhang Z, Feng L, Liu W, Wang X, Chen H, Zou H. Lrg1 silencing attenuates ischemia-reperfusion renal injury by regulating autophagy and apoptosis through the TGFβ1- Smad1/5 signaling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 753:109892. [PMID: 38246328 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction in the processes of autophagy and apoptosis within renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEc) contributes to renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). However, the factors influencing this dysfunction remain unclear. Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (Lrg1) plays a role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy and kidney fibrosis by modulating the activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1)-Smad1/5/8 and TGF-β1/Smad3 pathways, respectively. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether Lrg1 is involved in the pathological mechanisms of renal IRI and whether its effects are related to the dysregulation of autophagy and apoptosis in RTEc. METHODS We conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments using CoCl2-induced hypoxic human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells and mice with renal IRI, respectively. Lrg1 was silenced using siRNA and lentiviral vectors in HK-2 cells and mouse kidneys. Rapamycin (Rapa) and methyladenine were applied to regulate autophagy in renal IRI models. RESULTS Increased Lrg1 expression was observed in hypoxic HK-2 cells and in the kidneys of mice with renal IRI. Silencing of Lrg1 through siRNA and lentiviral approaches restored autophagy and suppressed apoptosis in CoCl2-induced hypoxic HK-2 cells and renal IRI models. Additionally, reduced Lrg1 expression alleviated kidney damage caused by renal IRI. The downregulation of Lrg1 expression restrained the TGFβ-Smad1/5 signaling pathway in hypoxic-induced HK-2 cells and renal IRI by reducing ALK1 expression. Lastly, the enhancement of autophagy, achieved through Rapa treatment, provided protection against renal IRI in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Lrg1 silencing can be applied as a potential therapeutic target to inhibit the TGFβ1-Smad1/5 pathway, thereby enhancing autophagy and decreasing apoptosis in patients with acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zuoman Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Haishan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hequn Zou
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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5
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Eissazadeh S, Mohammadi S, Faradonbeh FA, Rathouska JU, Nemeckova I, Tripska K, Vitverova B, Dohnalkova E, Vasinova M, Fikrova P, Sa ICI, Micuda S, Nachtigal P. Endoglin and soluble endoglin in liver sinusoidal endothelial dysfunction in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166990. [PMID: 38110128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) play a crucial role in regulating the hepatic function. Endoglin (ENG), a transmembrane glycoprotein, was shown to be related to the development of endothelial dysfunction. In this study, we hypothesized the relationship between changes in ENG expression and markers of liver sinusoidal endothelial dysfunction (LSED) during liver impairment. Male C57BL/6J mice aged 9-12 weeks were fed with 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet (intrahepatic cholestasis) or choline-deficient l-amino acid defined high-fat diet (CDAA-HFD) (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)). Significant increases in liver enzymes, fibrosis, and inflammation biomarkers were observed in both cholestasis and NASH. Decreased p-eNOS/eNOS and VE-cadherin protein expression and a significant increase in VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression were detected, indicating LSED in both mouse models of liver damage. A significant reduction of ENG in the DDC-fed mice, while a significant increase of ENG in the CDAA-HFD group was observed. Both DDC and CDAA-HFD-fed mice showed a significant increase in MMP-14 protein expression, which is related to significantly increased levels of soluble endoglin (sENG) in the plasma. In conclusion, we demonstrated that intrahepatic cholestasis and NASH result in an altered ENG expression, predominantly in LSECs, suggesting a critical role of ENG expression for the proper function of liver sinusoids. Both pathologies resulted in elevated sENG levels, cleaved by MMP-14 expressed predominantly from LSECs, indicating sENG as a liver injury biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Eissazadeh
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - SeyedehNiloufar Mohammadi
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Fatemeh Alaei Faradonbeh
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Urbankova Rathouska
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Nemeckova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Tripska
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Vitverova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Ester Dohnalkova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Vasinova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Fikrova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Ivone Cristina Igreja Sa
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Micuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nachtigal
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Czech Republic.
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6
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Reichard A, Wanner N, Farha S, Asosingh K. Hematopoietic stem cells and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the lungs. Cytometry A 2023; 103:967-977. [PMID: 37807901 PMCID: PMC10841540 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells are key players in hematopoiesis as the body maintains a physiologic steady state, and the signaling pathways and control mechanisms of these dynamic cells are implicated in processes from inflammation to cancer. Although the bone marrow is commonly regarded as the site of hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell residence, these cells also circulate in the blood and reside in extramedullary tissues, including the lungs. Flow cytometry is an invaluable tool in evaluating hematopoietic stem cells, revealing their phenotypes and relative abundances in both healthy and diseased states. This review outlines current protocols and cell markers used in flow cytometric analysis of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations. Specific niches within the bone marrow are discussed, as are metabolic processes that contribute to stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, as well as the role of hematopoietic stem cells outside of the bone marrow at physiologic steady state. Finally, pulmonary extramedullary hematopoiesis and its associated disease states are outlined. Hematopoiesis in the lungs is a new and emerging concept, and discovering ways in which the study of lung-resident hematopoietic stem cells can be translated from murine models to patients will impact clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Reichard
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas Wanner
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Samar Farha
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Respiratory Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kewal Asosingh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Flow Cytometry Shared Laboratory Resource, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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7
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Duerig I, Pylaeva E, Ozel I, Wainwright S, Thiel I, Bordbari S, Domnich M, Siakaeva E, Lakomek A, Toppe F, Schleupner C, Geisthoff U, Lang S, Droege F, Jablonska J. Nonfunctional TGF-β/ALK1/ENG signaling pathway supports neutrophil proangiogenic activity in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:639-650. [PMID: 37555392 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/ALK1/ENG signaling pathway maintains quiescent state of endothelial cells, but at the same time, it regulates neutrophil functions. Importantly, mutations of this pathway lead to a rare autosomal disorder called hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), characterized with abnormal blood vessel formation (angiogenesis). As neutrophils are potent regulators of angiogenesis, we investigated how disturbed TGF-β/ALK1/ENG signaling influences angiogenic properties of these cells in HHT. We could show for the first time that not only endothelial cells, but also neutrophils isolated from such patients are ENG/ALK1 deficient. This deficiency obviously stimulates proangiogenic switch of such neutrophils. Elevated proangiogenic activity of HHT neutrophils is mediated by the increased spontaneous degranulation of gelatinase granules, resulting in high release of matrix-degrading matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). In agreement, therapeutic disturbance of this process using Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors impaired proangiogenic capacity of such neutrophils. Similarly, inhibition of MMP9 activity resulted in significant impairment of neutrophil-mediated angiogenesis. All in all, deficiency in TGF-β/ALK1/ENG signaling in HHT neutrophils results in their proangiogenic activation and disease progression. Therapeutic strategies targeting neutrophil degranulation and MMP9 release and activity may serve as a potential therapeutic option for HHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Duerig
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Pylaeva
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Irem Ozel
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Sami Wainwright
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ilona Thiel
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Sharareh Bordbari
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Maksim Domnich
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Elena Siakaeva
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Antonia Lakomek
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Essen University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Felicia Toppe
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Essen University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Carolin Schleupner
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Essen University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Urban Geisthoff
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Marburg, University of Gießen and Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Essen University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Düsseldorf/Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Freya Droege
- VASCERN HHT Reference Centre and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Essen University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Düsseldorf/Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Kempuraj D, Aenlle KK, Cohen J, Mathew A, Isler D, Pangeni RP, Nathanson L, Theoharides TC, Klimas NG. COVID-19 and Long COVID: Disruption of the Neurovascular Unit, Blood-Brain Barrier, and Tight Junctions. Neuroscientist 2023:10738584231194927. [PMID: 37694571 DOI: 10.1177/10738584231194927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), could affect brain structure and function. SARS-CoV-2 can enter the brain through different routes, including the olfactory, trigeminal, and vagus nerves, and through blood and immunocytes. SARS-CoV-2 may also enter the brain from the peripheral blood through a disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB). The neurovascular unit in the brain, composed of neurons, astrocytes, endothelial cells, and pericytes, protects brain parenchyma by regulating the entry of substances from the blood. The endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes highly express angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), indicating that the BBB can be disturbed by SARS-CoV-2 and lead to derangements of tight junction and adherens junction proteins. This leads to increased BBB permeability, leakage of blood components, and movement of immune cells into the brain parenchyma. SARS-CoV-2 may also cross microvascular endothelial cells through an ACE2 receptor-associated pathway. The exact mechanism of BBB dysregulation in COVID-19/neuro-COVID is not clearly known, nor is the development of long COVID. Various blood biomarkers could indicate disease severity and neurologic complications in COVID-19 and help objectively diagnose those developing long COVID. This review highlights the importance of neurovascular and BBB disruption, as well as some potentially useful biomarkers in COVID-19, and long COVID/neuro-COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Kristina K Aenlle
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jessica Cohen
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Annette Mathew
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Dylan Isler
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Rajendra P Pangeni
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Lubov Nathanson
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Theoharis C Theoharides
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy G Klimas
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
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9
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Bernabeu C, Olivieri C, Rossi E. Editorial: Role of membrane-bound and circulating endoglin in disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1271756. [PMID: 37731711 PMCID: PMC10507402 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1271756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Bernabeu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas “Margarita Salas”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Olivieri
- General Biology and Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Rossi
- Université de Paris, INSERM, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Paris, France
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10
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Rossi E, Bernabeu C. Novel vascular roles of human endoglin in pathophysiology. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:2327-2338. [PMID: 37315795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Endoglin, alias CD105, is a human membrane glycoprotein highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells. It is involved in angiogenesis and angiogenesis-related diseases, including the rare vascular pathology known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1. Although endoglin acts as an accessory receptor for members of the transforming growth factor-β family, in recent years, emerging evidence has shown a novel functional role for this protein beyond the transforming growth factor-β system. In fact, endoglin has been found to be an integrin counterreceptor involved in endothelial cell adhesion processes during pathological inflammatory conditions and primary hemostasis. Furthermore, a circulating form of endoglin, also named as soluble endoglin, whose levels are abnormally increased in different pathological conditions, such as preeclampsia, seems to act as an antagonist of membrane-bound endoglin and as a competitor of the fibrinogen-integrin interaction in platelet-dependent thrombus formation. These studies suggest that membrane-bound endoglin and circulating endoglin are important components involved in vascular homeostasis and hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rossi
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1140, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Paris, France.
| | - Carmelo Bernabeu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Keng VW, Chiu AP, To JC, Li XX, Linden MA, Amin K, Moriarity BS, Yusa K. Transposon delivery for CRISPR-based loss-of-function screen in mice identifies NF2 as a cooperating gene involved with the canonical WNT signaling molecular class of hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18774. [PMID: 37576222 PMCID: PMC10412851 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Various molecular subclasses of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exists, with many novel cooperating oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes involved in its tumorigenesis. The emerging importance of WNT signaling in HCC has been established. However, the intricate genetic mechanisms involved in this complex signaling pathway remains to be elucidated. Importantly, while some cooperating genes have been identified, there are still many unknown genes associated with catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1)-induced HCC. Mutations in both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are required for HCC tumorigenesis. The emergence of the CRISPR/Cas9 system has allowed researchers now to target both alleles efficiently. In this novel study, the Sleeping Beauty transposon system was used as a gene delivery system in vivo to stably integrate an expression cassette that carry pools of gRNAs and overexpress a mutant version of CTNNB1 into the hepatocyte genome. We identified 206 candidate genes that drive HCC tumorigenesis in the context of WNT signaling activation and, neurofibromin 2 (NF2) gene, a known tumor suppressor gene with clinical relevance was validated in this proof-of-principle study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent W. Keng
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy P. Chiu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeffrey C. To
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Li
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Michael A. Linden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Khalid Amin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Branden S. Moriarity
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kosuke Yusa
- Stem Cell Genetics, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
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12
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Lin R, Kos A, Lopez JP, Dine J, Fiori LM, Yang J, Ben-Efraim Y, Aouabed Z, Ibrahim P, Mitsuhashi H, Wong TP, Ibrahim EC, Belzung C, Blier P, Farzan F, Frey BN, Lam RW, Milev R, Muller DJ, Parikh SV, Soares C, Uher R, Nagy C, Mechawar N, Foster JA, Kennedy SH, Chen A, Turecki G. SNORD90 induces glutamatergic signaling following treatment with monoaminergic antidepressants. eLife 2023; 12:e85316. [PMID: 37432876 PMCID: PMC10335830 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacotherapies for the treatment of major depressive disorder were serendipitously discovered almost seven decades ago. From this discovery, scientists pinpointed the monoaminergic system as the primary target associated with symptom alleviation. As a result, most antidepressants have been engineered to act on the monoaminergic system more selectively, primarily on serotonin, in an effort to increase treatment response and reduce unfavorable side effects. However, slow and inconsistent clinical responses continue to be observed with these available treatments. Recent findings point to the glutamatergic system as a target for rapid acting antidepressants. Investigating different cohorts of depressed individuals treated with serotonergic and other monoaminergic antidepressants, we found that the expression of a small nucleolar RNA, SNORD90, was elevated following treatment response. When we increased Snord90 levels in the mouse anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a brain region regulating mood responses, we observed antidepressive-like behaviors. We identified neuregulin 3 (NRG3) as one of the targets of SNORD90, which we show is regulated through the accumulation of N6-methyladenosine modifications leading to YTHDF2-mediated RNA decay. We further demonstrate that a decrease in NRG3 expression resulted in increased glutamatergic release in the mouse ACC. These findings support a molecular link between monoaminergic antidepressant treatment and glutamatergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixing Lin
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Aron Kos
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of PsychiatryMunichGermany
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Juan Pablo Lopez
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of PsychiatryMunichGermany
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Julien Dine
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of PsychiatryMunichGermany
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Laura M Fiori
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Jennie Yang
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Yair Ben-Efraim
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of PsychiatryMunichGermany
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Zahia Aouabed
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Pascal Ibrahim
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Haruka Mitsuhashi
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Tak Pan Wong
- Neuroscience Division, Douglas Research CentreMontrealCanada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - El Cherif Ibrahim
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INT, Institute Neuroscience TimoneMarseilleFrance
| | - Catherine Belzung
- UMR 1253, iBrain, UFR Sciences et Techniques; Parc GrandmontToursFrance
| | - Pierre Blier
- Mood Disorders Research Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health ResearchOntarioCanada
| | | | - Benicio N Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada
- Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph’s Healthcare HamiltonHamiltonCanada
| | - Raymond W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British ColumbiaColumbiaCanada
| | - Roumen Milev
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, Queens UniversityOntarioCanada
| | - Daniel J Muller
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Krembil Research Institute, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoCanada
| | - Sagar V Parikh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Claudio Soares
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, Queens UniversityOntarioCanada
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Nova Scotia Health AuthorityHalifaxCanada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | - Corina Nagy
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Jane A Foster
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada
- Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph’s Healthcare HamiltonHamiltonCanada
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Krembil Research Institute, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Krembil Research Institute, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
- St Michael’s Hospital, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Centre for Depression and Suicide StudiesTorontoCanada
| | - Alon Chen
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of PsychiatryMunichGermany
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
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13
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Hakuno SK, Janson SGT, Trietsch MD, de Graaf M, de Jonge-Muller E, Crobach S, Harryvan TJ, Boonstra JJ, Dinjens WNM, Slingerland M, Hawinkels LJAC. Endoglin and squamous cell carcinomas. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1112573. [PMID: 37396898 PMCID: PMC10313935 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1112573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that the role of endoglin on endothelial cells has been extensively described, its expression and biological role on (epithelial) cancer cells is still debatable. Especially its function on squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells is largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated SCC endoglin expression and function in three types of SCCs; head and neck (HNSCC), esophageal (ESCC) and vulvar (VSCC) cancers. Endoglin expression was evaluated in tumor specimens and 14 patient-derived cell lines. Next to being expressed on angiogenic endothelial cells, endoglin is selectively expressed by individual SCC cells in tumor nests. Patient derived HNSCC, ESCC and VSCC cell lines express varying levels of endoglin with high interpatient variation. To assess the function of endoglin in signaling of TGF-β ligands, endoglin was overexpressed or knocked out or the signaling was blocked using TRC105, an endoglin neutralizing antibody. The endoglin ligand BMP-9 induced strong phosphorylation of SMAD1 independent of expression of the type-I receptor ALK1. Interestingly, we observed that endoglin overexpression leads to strongly increased soluble endoglin levels, which in turn decreases BMP-9 signaling. On the functional level, endoglin, both in a ligand dependent and independent manner, did not influence proliferation or migration of the SCC cells. In conclusion, these data show endoglin expression on individual cells in the tumor nests in SCCs and a role for (soluble) endoglin in paracrine signaling, without directly affecting proliferation or migration in an autocrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Hakuno
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Stefanus G. T. Janson
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn D. Trietsch
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manon de Graaf
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eveline de Jonge-Muller
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Stijn Crobach
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom J. Harryvan
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jurjen J. Boonstra
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Winand N. M. Dinjens
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marije Slingerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lukas J. A. C. Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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14
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Andersson-Rusch C, Liu B, Quist-Løkken I, Upton PD, Olsen OE, Hella H, Yang X, Tong Z, Morrell NW, Holien T, Li W. High concentrations of soluble endoglin can inhibit BMP9 signaling in non-endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6639. [PMID: 37095146 PMCID: PMC10126157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoglin (ENG) is a single-pass transmembrane protein highly expressed on vascular endothelial cells, although low expression levels can be detected in many other cell types. Its extracellular domain can be found in circulation known as soluble endoglin (sENG). Levels of sENG are elevated in many pathological conditions, in particular preeclampsia. We have shown that while loss of cell surface ENG decreases BMP9 signaling in endothelial cells, knocking down ENG in blood cancer cells enhances BMP9 signaling. Despite sENG binding to BMP9 with high affinity and blocking the type II receptor binding site on BMP9, sENG did not inhibit BMP9 signaling in vascular endothelial cells, but the dimeric form of sENG inhibited BMP9 signaling in blood cancer cells. Here we report that in non-endothelial cells such as human multiple myeloma cell lines and the mouse myoblast cell line C2C12, both monomeric and dimeric forms of sENG inhibit BMP9 signaling when present at high concentrations. Such inhibition can be alleviated by the overexpression of ENG and ACVRL1 (encoding ALK1) in the non-endothelial cells. Our findings suggest that the effects of sENG on BMP9 signaling is cell-type specific. This is an important consideration when developing therapies targeting the ENG and ALK1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Andersson-Rusch
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Hematology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Ingrid Quist-Løkken
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Paul D Upton
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Oddrun Elise Olsen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanne Hella
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Xudong Yang
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Zhen Tong
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Toril Holien
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Hematology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK.
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15
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Fioretto BS, Rosa I, Matucci-Cerinic M, Romano E, Manetti M. Current Trends in Vascular Biomarkers for Systemic Sclerosis: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044097. [PMID: 36835506 PMCID: PMC9965592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma) is a multifaceted rare connective tissue disease whose pathogenesis is dominated by immune dysregulation, small vessel vasculopathy, impaired angiogenesis, and both cutaneous and visceral fibrosis. Microvascular impairment represents the initial event of the disease, preceding fibrosis by months or years and accounting for the main disabling and/or life-threatening clinical manifestations, including telangiectasias, pitting scars, periungual microvascular abnormalities (e.g., giant capillaries, hemorrhages, avascular areas, ramified/bushy capillaries) clinically detectable by nailfold videocapillaroscopy, ischemic digital ulcers, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and scleroderma renal crisis. Despite a variety of available treatment options, treatment of SSc-related vascular disease remains problematic, even considering SSc etherogenity and the quite narrow therapeutic window. In this context, plenty of studies have highlighted the great usefulness in clinical practice of vascular biomarkers allowing clinicians to assess the evolution of the pathological process affecting the vessels, as well as to predict the prognosis and the response to therapy. The current narrative review provides an up-to-date overview of the main candidate vascular biomarkers that have been proposed for SSc, focusing on their main reported associations with characteristic clinical vascular features of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Saveria Fioretto
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Rosa
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Eloisa Romano
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Imaging Platform, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
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16
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d’Alessandro M, Gangi S, Soccio P, Cantó E, Osuna-Gómez R, Bergantini L, Cameli P, Fabbri G, Croce S, Scioscia G, Montuori G, Fanetti M, Moriondo G, Mezzasalma F, Castillo D, Lacedonia D, Vidal S, Bargagli E. The Effects of Interstitial Lung Diseases on Alveolar Extracellular Vesicles Profile: A Multicenter Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044071. [PMID: 36835481 PMCID: PMC9964169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases (ILD) is difficult to perform. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) facilitate cell-to-cell communication, and they are released by a variety of cells. Our goal aimed to investigate EV markers in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) cohorts. ILD patients followed at Siena, Barcelona and Foggia University Hospitals were enrolled. BAL supernatants were used to isolate the EVs. They were characterized by flow cytometry assay through MACSPlex Exsome KIT. The majority of alveolar EV markers were related to the fibrotic damage. CD56, CD105, CD142, CD31 and CD49e were exclusively expressed by alveolar samples from IPF patients, while HP showed only CD86 and CD24. Some EV markers were common between HP and sarcoidosis (CD11c, CD1c, CD209, CD4, CD40, CD44, CD8). Principal component analysis distinguished the three groups based on EV markers with total variance of 60.08%. This study has demonstrated the validity of the flow cytometric method to phenotype and characterize EV surface markers in BAL samples. The two granulomatous diseases, sarcoidosis and HP, cohorts shared alveolar EV markers not revealed in IPF patients. Our findings demonstrated the viability of the alveolar compartment allowing identification of lung-specific markers for IPF and HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriana d’Alessandro
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neuro-Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-0577586713; Fax: +39-0577280744
| | - Sara Gangi
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neuro-Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Piera Soccio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Elisabet Cantó
- Inflammatory Diseases, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Osuna-Gómez
- Inflammatory Diseases, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Bergantini
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neuro-Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo Cameli
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neuro-Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gaia Fabbri
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neuro-Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sara Croce
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neuro-Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giusy Montuori
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neuro-Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Fanetti
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neuro-Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giorgia Moriondo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mezzasalma
- Diagnostic and Interventional Bronchoscopy Unit, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University Hospital of Siena (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese—AOUS), 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Diego Castillo
- Respiratory Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Silvia Vidal
- Inflammatory Diseases, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Bargagli
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neuro-Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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17
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Tumor vasculature VS tumor cell targeting: Understanding the latest trends in using functional nanoparticles for cancer treatment. OPENNANO 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2023.100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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18
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Yao C, Wu S, Kong J, Sun Y, Bai Y, Zhu R, Li Z, Sun W, Zheng L. Angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and anti-angiogenic therapies. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 20:j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0449. [PMID: 36647777 PMCID: PMC9843448 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. Angiogenesis, the process of formation of new blood vessels, is required for cancer cells to obtain nutrients and oxygen. HCC is a typical hypervascular solid tumor with an aberrant vascular network and angiogenesis that contribute to its growth, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Current anti-angiogenic therapies target mainly tyrosine kinases, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and are considered effective strategies for HCC, particularly advanced HCC. However, because the survival benefits conferred by these anti-angiogenic therapies are modest, new anti-angiogenic targets must be identified. Several recent studies have determined the underlying molecular mechanisms, including pro-angiogenic factors secreted by HCC cells, the tumor microenvironment, and cancer stem cells. In this review, we summarize the roles of pro-angiogenic factors; the involvement of endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and tumor-associated neutrophils present in the tumor microenvironment; and the regulatory influence of cancer stem cells on angiogenesis in HCC. Furthermore, we discuss some of the clinically approved anti-angiogenic therapies and potential novel therapeutic targets for angiogenesis in HCC. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying angiogenesis may lead to the development of more optimized anti-angiogenic treatment modalities for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Shilun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Jian Kong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Yiwen Sun
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yannan Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Ruhang Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Zhuxin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Wenbing Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
- Correspondence to: Wenbing Sun and Lemin Zheng, E-mail: and
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Sciences Center, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center of Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence to: Wenbing Sun and Lemin Zheng, E-mail: and
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Darmochwal-Kolarz D, Chara A. The Association of IL-17 and PlGF/sENG Ratio in Pre-Eclampsia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:768. [PMID: 36613090 PMCID: PMC9819392 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the role of concentrations of interleukin-17 (IL-17), placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble endoglin (sENG), as well as the PlGF/sENG ratio in pregnancy complicated by pre-eclampsia (PE) and normal pregnancy. The concentrations of IL-17, PlGF and sENG were measured with the use of immunoenzymatic methods. The concentrations of IL-17 were significantly higher in PE patients when compared to control patients. In the group of patients with PE, the levels of IL-17 positively correlated with systolic blood pressure. On the other hand, IL-17 negatively correlated with neonatal birth weight. The concentrations of PLGF were significantly lower and sENG significantly higher in studied patients when compared to controls. The PlGF/sENG ratio in the PE group was significantly lower when compared to healthy third trimester pregnant patients. In the study group, negative correlations were observed between the sENG concentrations and thrombocyte levels. The higher concentrations of IL-17 in PE could suggest its role as an inflammatory agent in the pathogenesis of the syndrome. Moreover, the negative correlation between IL-17 and a neonatal birth weight could suggest the role of the cytokine in the development of fetal growth restriction (FGR) associated with PE. It seems possible that IL-17 can be a useful marker of the risk of FGR in pregnancy complicated by PE. Furthermore, the results suggested the potential role of sENG and the PlGF/sENG ratio in the prediction of adverse outcomes such as HELLP syndrome and DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Chara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 27-600 Sandomierz, Poland
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20
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Lontos K, Wang Y, Colbert M, Kumar A, Joshi S, Philbin M, Wang Y, Frisch A, Lohmueller J, Rivadeneira DB, Delgoffe GM. Fully murine CD105-targeted CAR-T cells provide an immunocompetent model for CAR-T cell biology. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2131229. [PMID: 36275862 PMCID: PMC9586682 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2131229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The modeling of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies has been mostly focused on immunodeficient models. However, there are many advantages in studying CAR-T cell biology in an immunocompetent setting. We generated a fully murine CAR targeting CD105 (endoglin), a component of the TGFβ receptor expressed on the surface of certain solid tumors and acute leukemias. CD105-targeted CAR-T cells can be grown from various murine backgrounds, tracked in vivo by congenic marks, and be activated by CD105 in isolation or expressed by tumor cells. CD105-targeted CAR-T cells were toxic at higher doses but proved safe in lower doses and modestly effective in treating wild-type B16 melanoma-bearing mice. CAR-T cells infiltrating the tumor expressed high levels of exhaustion markers and exhibited metabolic insufficiencies. We also generated a human CD105 CAR, which was efficacious in treating human melanoma and acute myeloid leukemia in vivo. Our work details a new murine model of CAR-T cell therapy that can be used from immunologists to further our understanding of CAR-T cell biology. We also set the foundation for further exploration of CD105 as a possible human CAR-T cell target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Lontos
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yiyang Wang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, Peking, China
| | - Mason Colbert
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alok Kumar
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Supriya Joshi
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary Philbin
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, Peking, China
| | - Andrew Frisch
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Graduate Program of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jason Lohmueller
- Department of Surgery, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dayana B. Rivadeneira
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Greg M. Delgoffe
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Gerrits T, Brouwer IJ, Dijkstra KL, Wolterbeek R, Bruijn JA, Scharpfenecker M, Baelde HJ. Endoglin Is an Important Mediator in the Final Common Pathway of Chronic Kidney Disease to End-Stage Renal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010646. [PMID: 36614087 PMCID: PMC9820946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a slow-developing, progressive deterioration of renal function. The final common pathway in the pathophysiology of CKD involves glomerular sclerosis, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) stimulates the differentiation of fibroblasts towards myofibroblasts and the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, and thereby interstitial fibrosis. It has been shown that endoglin (ENG, CD105), primarily expressed in endothelial cells and fibroblasts, can function as a co-receptor of TGF signaling. In several human organs, endoglin tends to be upregulated when chronic damage and fibrosis is present. We hypothesize that endoglin is upregulated in renal interstitial fibrosis and plays a role in the progression of CKD. We first measured renal endoglin expression in biopsy samples obtained from patients with different types of CKD, i.e., IgA nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), diabetic nephropathy (DN) and patients with chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD). We showed that endoglin is upregulated in CAD patients (p < 0.001) and patients with DN (p < 0.05), compared to control kidneys. Furthermore, the amount of interstitial endoglin expression correlated with eGFR (p < 0.001) and the amount of interstitial fibrosis (p < 0.001), independent of the diagnosis of the biopsies. Finally, we investigated in vitro the effect of endoglin overexpression in TGF-β stimulated human kidney fibroblasts. Overexpression of endoglin resulted in an enhanced ACTA2, CCN2 and SERPINE1 mRNA response (p < 0.05). It also increased the mRNA and protein upregulation of the ECM components collagen type I (COL1A1) and fibronectin (FN1) (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that endoglin is an important mediator in the final common pathway of CKD and could be used as a possible new therapeutic target to counteract the progression towards end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Gerrits
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Isabella J. Brouwer
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kyra L. Dijkstra
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Wolterbeek
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A. Bruijn
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Scharpfenecker
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J. Baelde
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-(0)-71-526-4788
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22
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Sun H, Wang H, Zhang W, Mao H, Li B. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals resident progenitor and vascularization-associated cell subpopulations in rat annulus fibrosus. J Orthop Translat 2022; 38:256-267. [PMID: 36568849 PMCID: PMC9758498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the main causes of low back pain is intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Annulus fibrosus (AF) is important for the integrity and functions of the intervertebral disc (IVD). However, the resident functional cell components such as progenitors and vascularization-associated cells in AF are yet to be fully identified. Purpose Identification of functional AF cell subpopulations including resident progenitors and vascularization-associated cells. Methods In this study, the single-cell RNA sequencing data of rat IVDs from a public database were analyzed using Seurat for cell clustering, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) for functional analysis, StemID for stem cell identification, Monocle and RNA velocity for pseudotime differentiation trajectory validation, single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC) for gene regulatory network (GRN) analysis, and CellChat for cell-cell interaction analysis. Immunostaining on normal and degenerated rat IVDs, as well as human AF, was used for validations. Results From the data analysis, seven AF cell clusters were identified, including two newly discovered functional clusters, the Grem1 + subpopulation and the Lum + subpopulation. The Grem1 + subpopulation had progenitor characteristics, while the Lum + subpopulation was associated with vascularization during IDD. The GRN analysis showed that Sox9 and Id1 were among the key regulators in the Grem1 + subpopulation, and Nr2f2 and Creb5 could be responsible for the vascularization function in the Lum + subpopulation. Cell-cell interaction analysis revealed highly regulated cellular communications between these cells, and multiple signaling networks including PDGF and MIF signaling pathways were involved in the interactions. Conclusions Our results revealed two new functional AF cell subpopulations, with stemness and vascularization induction potential, respectively. The Translational potential of this article These findings complement our knowledge about IVDs, especially the AF, and in return provide potential cell source and regulation targets for IDD treatment and tissue repair. The existence of the cell subpopulations was also validated in human AF, which strengthen the clinical relevance of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haijiao Mao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Corresponding author. 178 Ganjiang Rd, Rm 201 Bldg 18, Soochow University (North Campus), Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215007, China.
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23
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Barbarić Starčević K, Lukač N, Jelić M, Šućur A, Grčević D, Kovačić N. Reciprocal Alterations in Osteoprogenitor and Immune Cell Populations in Rheumatoid Synovia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012379. [PMID: 36293236 PMCID: PMC9604389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is chronic, autoimmune joint inflammation characterized by irreversible joint destruction. Besides increased resorption, destruction is a result of decreased bone formation, due to suppressed differentiation and function of the mesenchymal lineage-derived osteoblasts in inflammatory milieu. In this study, we analyzed the cellular composition of synovial tissue from 11 RA and 10 control patients harvested during planned surgeries in order to characterize resident synovial progenitor populations. Synovial cells were released by collagenase, and labeled for flow cytometry by two antibody panels: 1. CD3-FITC, CD14-PE, 7-AAD, CD11b-PECy7, CD235a-APC, CD19-APCeF780; and 2. 7-AAD, CD105-PECy7, CD45/CD31/CD235a-APC, and CD200-APCeF780. The proportions of lymphocytes (CD3+, CD19+) and myeloid (CD11b+, CD14+) cells were higher in synovial tissue from the patients with RA than in the controls. Among non-hematopoietic (CD45-CD31-CD235a-) cells, there was a decrease in the proportion of CD200+CD105- and increase in the proportion of CD200-CD105+ cells in synovial tissue from the patients with RA in comparison to the control patients. The proportions of both populations were associated with inflammatory activity and could discriminate between the RA and the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Lukač
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mislav Jelić
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alan Šućur
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danka Grčević
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Kovačić
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4566-846
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24
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Kang YJ, Park H, Park SB, Lee J, Hyun H, Jung M, Lee EJ, Je MA, Kim J, Lee YS, Kim S. High Procalcitonin, C-Reactive Protein, and α-1 Acid Glycoprotein Levels in Whole Blood Samples Could Help Rapid Discrimination of Active Tuberculosis from Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Healthy Individuals. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10101928. [PMID: 36296203 PMCID: PMC9611162 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) management is important for prompt discrimination of latent TB infection (LTBI) from active TB and proper treatment. Whole blood Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) is used to diagnose LTBI based on the secretion of IFN-γ by T-cells in the whole blood by using a specific antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, the ability of IGRA to distinguish active TB from LTBI is considerably limited. Distinguishing active TB from LTBI is necessary to identify indicators that can be used to effectively manage TB and develop diagnostic methods. In the present study, we used a Luminex multiplex bead array (a bead-based antibody−antigen sandwich method). The whole blood level of acute phase proteins (APPs), such as endoglin (ENG), procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), in active TB, LTBI, and healthy individuals were analyzed and quantified. The APP test results for the serum and whole blood samples showed that the levels of PCT, CRP, and AGP were significantly increased (p < 0.0500; area under curve = 0.955) in active TB. The level of these markers in the whole blood of active TB, LTBI, and healthy individuals could provide data for effective diagnosis and treatment of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jeong Kang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Good Samsun Hospital, Busan 47007, Korea
| | - Heechul Park
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
- Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
| | - Sung-Bae Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Masan University, Changwon 51217, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Research Institute of Dream DX Inc., Busan 46252, Korea
| | - Hyanglan Hyun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
- Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
| | - Minju Jung
- Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
- Department of Forensic Science, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
- Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
| | - Min-A Je
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
- Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
| | - Jungho Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
| | - Yong Sung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Good Samsun Hospital, Busan 47007, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.S.L.); (S.K.); Tel.: +82-10-6418-3619 (Y.S.L.); +82-51-510-0560 (S.K.); Fax: +82-51-510-0568 (S.K.)
| | - Sunghyun Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
- Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.S.L.); (S.K.); Tel.: +82-10-6418-3619 (Y.S.L.); +82-51-510-0560 (S.K.); Fax: +82-51-510-0568 (S.K.)
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25
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Huang Q, Xiao R, Lu J, Zhang Y, Xu L, Gao J, Sun J, Wang H. Endoglin aggravates peritoneal fibrosis by regulating the activation of TGF-β/ALK/Smads signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:973182. [PMID: 36210850 PMCID: PMC9537553 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.973182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is an intractable complication in patients on long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a key pro-fibrogenic factor involved in PD-associated PF, and endoglin, as a coreceptor for TGF-β, plays a role in balancing the TGF-β signaling pathway. Here, we investigated whether endoglin could be a potential therapeutic target for PF.Methods:In vivo, we established PF model in SD rats by daily intraperitoneal injection of peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) containing 4.25% glucose for 6 weeks and downregulated endoglin expression by tail vein injection of AAV9-ENG on day 14 to assess the effect of endoglin on peritoneal morphology and markers related to fibrosis, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vitro, we treated human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) transfected with ENG siRNA in high glucose medium to explore the potential mechanism of endoglin in PF.Results: Compared to control group, continuous exposure to biologically incompatible PDF induced exacerbated PF, accompanied by a significant increase in endoglin expression. Conversely, knockdown of endoglin ameliorated peritoneal injury characterized by increased peritoneal thickening and collagen deposition, angiogenesis, as well as EMT. Consistently, HPMCs cultured in high glucose medium underwent the EMT process and exhibited over-expression of fibronectin, collagen type I, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), whereas these aforementioned alterations were alleviated after ENG siRNA transfection. In addition, we also found that ENG siRNA inhibited TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and Smad1/5/9 in HPMCs treated with high glucose (HG).Conclusion: Our findings confirmed for the first time that endoglin exacerbated PF by regulating the activation of TGF-β/ALK/Smads signaling, which will provide a novel potential therapeutic target in PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Sun, ; Haiping Wang,
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Sun, ; Haiping Wang,
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Grignaschi S, Sbalchiero A, Spinozzi G, Palermo BL, Cantarini C, Nardiello C, Cavagna L, Olivieri C. Endoglin and Systemic Sclerosis: A PRISMA-driven systematic review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:964526. [PMID: 36059817 PMCID: PMC9434008 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.964526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune disease whose pathogenesis is still poorly understood. The Transforming Growth Factor β superfamily is considered pivotal and a crucial role has been suggested for the type III receptor, Endoglin (ENG). The aim of this systematic review is to investigate and combine the current clinical and molecular available data, to suggest novel hints for further studies. Methods We followed PRISMA guidelines; the search was performed on three databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase) in date November 2nd, 2021. Subsequent to the exclusion of duplicates, we applied as inclusion criteria: 1. focus on the relationship between ENG and SSc; 2. English language. As exclusion criteria: 1. ENG exclusively as a cellular biomarker; 2. no focus on ENG-SSc relationship; 3. review articles and 4. abstracts that did not add novel data. Eligibility was assessed independently by each author to reduce biases. We divided records into clinical and molecular works and subgrouped them by their study features and aim. Results We selected 25 original papers and 10 conference abstracts. Molecular studies included 6 articles and 4 abstracts, whereas clinical studies included 17 articles and 6 abstracts; 2 articles presented both characteristics. Molecular studies were focussed on ENG expression in different cell types, showing an altered ENG expression in SSc-affected cells. Clinical studies mainly suggested that different disease phenotypes can be related to peculiar disregulations in soluble ENG concentrations. Discussion Concerning the possible limits of our search, boolean operators in our strings might have been uneffective. However, the use of different strings in different databases should have reduced this issue at a minimum. Another bias can be represented by the selection step, in which we excluded many articles based on the role of Endoglin as a histological vascular marker rather than a signaling receptor. We tried to reduce this risk by performing the selection independently by each author and discussing disagreements. Our systematic review pointed out that ENG has a pivotal role in activating different TGFβ-stimulated pathways that can be crucial in SSc pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grignaschi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Rheumatology Division, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Sbalchiero
- General Biology and Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spinozzi
- Otorhinolaryngology Division, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Bianca Lucia Palermo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Rheumatology Division, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Cantarini
- General Biology and Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chantal Nardiello
- General Biology and Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cavagna
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Rheumatology Division, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carla Olivieri
- General Biology and Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Role of Oxidative Stress in Vascular Low-Grade Inflammation Initiation Due to Acute Salt Loading in Young Healthy Individuals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030444. [PMID: 35326095 PMCID: PMC8944840 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of 7-day high-salt (HS) and the specific role of oxidative stress on vascular low-grade inflammation initiation in young salt-resistant healthy individuals. 30 young healthy individuals adhered to a 7-day low-salt (LS) diet (3.5 g salt/day), followed by a 7-day high-salt (HS) diet (~14.7 g salt/day) protocol. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, frequencies of peripheral blood Th17 and Treg cells, Th17/Treg ratio, enzymes SGK1, and p38/MAP kinase, as well as biomarkers of endothelial activation and oxidative stress, were measured before and after the 7-day HS diet protocol. Short-term HS diet significantly increased serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-9, and IL-17A levels, but also of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1. Relative amount of total SGK1 significantly increased, following the 7-day HS diet. Increased oxidative stress level, following HS diet, was negatively associated with the frequency of Treg cells. The increase in relative amount of total SGK1 in peripheral mononuclear cells following 7-day HS diet suggests lymphocyte (re)activation, in response to HS intake, resulting in enhanced production of pro-inflammatory (IL-17, INF-γ), but also anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β1). Increased oxidative stress, due to HS loading, alters immune regulatory mechanisms, presumably via effects on Treg cells.
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Margioula-Siarkou G, Margioula-Siarkou C, Petousis S, Margaritis K, Vavoulidis E, Gullo G, Alexandratou M, Dinas K, Sotiriadis A, Mavromatidis G. The role of endoglin and its soluble form in pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:479-491. [PMID: 34783962 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia remains till today a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Pathophysiology of the disease is not yet fully elucidated, though it is evident that it revolves around placenta. Cellular ischemia in the preeclamptic placenta creates an imbalance between angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in maternal circulation. Endoglin, a transmembrane co-receptor of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) demonstrating angiogenic effects, is involved in a variety of angiogenesis-dependent diseases with endothelial dysfunction, including preeclampsia. Endoglin expression is up-regulated in preeclamptic placentas, through mechanisms mainly induced by hypoxia, oxidative stress and oxysterol-mediated activation of liver X receptors. Overexpression of endoglin results in an increase of its soluble form in maternal circulation. Soluble endoglin represents the extracellular domain of membrane endoglin, cleaved by the action of metalloproteinases, predominantly matrix metalloproteinase-14. Released in circulation, soluble endoglin interferes in TGF-β1 and activin receptor-like kinase 1 signaling pathways and inhibits endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation, consequently deranging angiogenesis and promoting vasoconstriction. Due to these properties, soluble endoglin actively contributes to the impaired placentation observed in preeclampsia, as well as to the pathogenesis and manifestation of its clinical signs and symptoms, especially hypertension and proteinuria. The significant role of endoglin and soluble endoglin in pathophysiology of preeclampsia could have prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. Further research is essential to extensively explore the potential use of these molecules in the management of preeclampsia in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Margioula-Siarkou
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54624, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Chrysoula Margioula-Siarkou
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54624, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatios Petousis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54624, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kosmas Margaritis
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Vavoulidis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54624, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Giuseppe Gullo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IVF Unit, Villa Sofia Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Alexandratou
- Department of Radiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dinas
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54624, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Sotiriadis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54624, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Mavromatidis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54624, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Pawlak JB, Blobe GC. TGF-β superfamily co-receptors in cancer. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:137-163. [PMID: 33797167 PMCID: PMC8484463 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling via their cognate receptors is frequently modified by TGF-β superfamily co-receptors. Signaling through SMAD-mediated pathways may be enhanced or depressed depending on the specific co-receptor and cell context. This dynamic effect on signaling is further modified by the release of many of the co-receptors from the membrane to generate soluble forms that are often antagonistic to the membrane-bound receptors. The co-receptors discussed here include TβRIII (betaglycan), endoglin, BAMBI, CD109, SCUBE proteins, neuropilins, Cripto-1, MuSK, and RGMs. Dysregulation of these co-receptors can lead to altered TGF-β superfamily signaling that contributes to the pathophysiology of many cancers through regulation of growth, metastatic potential, and the tumor microenvironment. Here we describe the role of several TGF-β superfamily co-receptors on TGF-β superfamily signaling and the impact on cellular and physiological functions with a particular focus on cancer, including a discussion on recent pharmacological advances and potential clinical applications targeting these co-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerard C. Blobe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center,Corresponding author: Gerard Blobe, B354 LSRC, Box 91004 DUMC, Durham, NC 27708, , 919-668-1352
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Li CH, Ko JL, Hsiao YP, Tsai MH, Lai YC, Hsin IL, Kang YT, Sheu GT, Lin WL, Wu MF. Plasma Endoglin is Associated with Favorable Outcome for Pemetrexed-Based Therapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:9305-9318. [PMID: 35221721 PMCID: PMC8866988 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s338957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pemetrexed-based chemotherapy (Pem-C) is the first-line chemotherapy for advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, limited tumor-associated proteins in blood are available to predict pemetrexed response and/or survival. Patients and Methods Plasma samples from three responders and three nonresponders with stage IIIB–IV NSCLC were collected prior to Pem-C and analyzed using Proteome ProfilerTM Human XL Oncology Array to detect 84 oncology-related proteins. The plasma concentrations of cathepsin S, endoglin (ENG), and matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 9 in 71 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with Pem-C were further measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the remarkable differences in the four proteins between responders and nonresponders in the array results. Results Pem-C responders had significantly higher ENG levels but not the other three markers than nonresponders (mean ENG level: 27.1 ± 7.4 vs 22.3 ± 6.9, p < 0.01). High ENG concentration was correlated with improved progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31–0.86, p < 0.01) and overall survival (HR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.32–0.94, p < 0.05) in patients treated with Pem-C, and the ENG level was an independent factor in our cohort (HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.33–0.89, p < 0.05). ENG concentration in Pem-C responders also significantly increased at the time of best response (p < 0.05). Conclusion Cumulatively, this study reveals that ENG is correlated with Pem-C responsiveness in patients, which indicates the potential use of plasma ENG levels as a non-invasive biomarker for pemetrexed-based treatment in patients with non-squamous NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hsing Li
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Graduate Program in Immunology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- CSMU Lung Cancer Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Hsiao
- Division of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hung Tsai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chein Lai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - I-Lun Hsin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- CSMU Lung Cancer Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Kang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- CSMU Lung Cancer Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Tarng Sheu
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- CSMU Lung Cancer Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Wea-Lung Lin
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fang Wu
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- CSMU Lung Cancer Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Ming-Fang Wu Divisions of Medical Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, 40201, TaiwanTel +886-4-24739595#34711 Email
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31
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Gallego-Rentero M, Gutiérrez-Pérez M, Fernández-Guarino M, Mascaraque M, Portillo-Esnaola M, Gilaberte Y, Carrasco E, Juarranz Á. TGFβ1 Secreted by Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts as an Inductor of Resistance to Photodynamic Therapy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225613. [PMID: 34830768 PMCID: PMC8616019 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used for the treatment of in situ cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), the second most common form of skin cancer, as well as for its precancerous form, actinic keratosis. However, relapses after the treatment can occur. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) produced by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment has been pointed as a key player in the development of cSCC resistance to other therapies, such as chemotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that TGFβ1 produced by CAFs isolated from patients with cSCC can drive resistance to PDT in SCC cells. This finding opens up novel possibilities for strategy optimization in the field of cSCC resistance to PDT and highlights CAF-derived TGFβ1 as a potential target to improve the efficacy of PDT. Abstract As an important component of tumor microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have lately gained prominence owing to their crucial role in the resistance to therapies. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) stands out as a successful therapeutic strategy to treat cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, we demonstrate that the transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) cytokine secreted by CAFs isolated from patients with SCC can drive resistance to PDT in epithelial SCC cells. To this end, CAFs obtained from patients with in situ cSCC were firstly characterized based on the expression levels of paramount markers as well as the levels of TGFβ1 secreted to the extracellular environment. On a step forward, two established human cSCC cell lines (A431 and SCC13) were pre-treated with conditioned medium obtained from the selected CAF cultures. The CAF-derived conditioned medium effectively induced resistance to PDT in A431 cells through a reduction in the cell proliferation rate. This resistance effect was recapitulated by treating with recombinant TGFβ1 and abolished by using the SB525334 TGFβ1 receptor inhibitor, providing robust evidence of the role of TGFβ1 secreted by CAFs in the development of resistance to PDT in this cell line. Conversely, higher levels of recombinant TGFβ1 were needed to reduce cell proliferation in SCC13 cells, and no induction of resistance to PDT was observed in this cell line in response to CAF-derived conditioned medium. Interestingly, we probed that the comparatively higher intrinsic resistance to PDT of SCC13 cells was mediated by the elevated levels of TGFβ1 secreted by this cell line. Our results point at this feature as a promising biomarker to predict both the suitability of PDT and the chances to optimize the treatment by targeting CAF-derived TGFβ1 in the road to a more personalized treatment of particular cSCC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gallego-Rentero
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-R.); (M.G.-P.); (M.M.); (M.P.-E.)
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Gutiérrez-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-R.); (M.G.-P.); (M.M.); (M.P.-E.)
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Montserrat Fernández-Guarino
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Mascaraque
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-R.); (M.G.-P.); (M.M.); (M.P.-E.)
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mikel Portillo-Esnaola
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-R.); (M.G.-P.); (M.M.); (M.P.-E.)
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Yolanda Gilaberte
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Elisa Carrasco
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-R.); (M.G.-P.); (M.M.); (M.P.-E.)
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (Á.J.)
| | - Ángeles Juarranz
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-R.); (M.G.-P.); (M.M.); (M.P.-E.)
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (Á.J.)
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Schoonderwoerd MJA, Hakuno SK, Sassen M, Kuhlemaijer EB, Paauwe M, Slingerland M, Fransen MF, Hawinkels LJAC. Targeting Endoglin Expressing Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment Does Not Inhibit Tumor Growth in a Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:5205-5220. [PMID: 34744438 PMCID: PMC8565992 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s322276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal forms of cancer and is known to have low immunogenicity and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. It is also characterized by high accumulation of dense stroma, composed of mostly cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Multiple subsets of CAFs are described, with one of them expressing the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β co-receptor endoglin. In previous work, we and others have shown that endoglin-expressing CAFs stimulate tumor progression and metastasis. Therefore, in this study, we set out to investigate the role of endoglin-expressing CAFs in pancreatic cancer progression. Methods First, we investigated the expression of endoglin on CAFs in both human tissues as well as a mouse model for PDAC. Since CAF-specific endoglin expression was high, we targeted endoglin by using the endoglin neutralizing antibody TRC105 in the murine KPC model for PDAC. Results Although some signs of immune activation were observed, TRC105 did not affect tumor growth. Since 90% of the CD8+ T-cells expressed the immune checkpoint PD-1, we investigated the combination with a PD1 checkpoint inhibitor, which did not enhance therapeutic responses. Finally, genetic deletion of endoglin from collagen 1a1 expressing cells also did not affect the growth of the mouse KPC tumors. Conclusion Our results show that although endoglin is highly expressed on PDAC-CAFs and signaling is efficiently inhibited by TRC105, this does not result in decreased tumor growth in the KPC model for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J A Schoonderwoerd
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah K Hakuno
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Sassen
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eleonore B Kuhlemaijer
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Madelon Paauwe
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marije Slingerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke F Fransen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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The Dual Effect of the BMP9-ALK1 Pathway in Blood Vessels: An Opportunity for Cancer Therapy Improvement? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215412. [PMID: 34771575 PMCID: PMC8582496 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The modulation of tumor blood vessels is a great opportunity for improving cancer therapies. Understanding the cellular and molecular players that regulate the biology of tumor blood vessels and tumor angiogenesis is necessary for the development of new anti-tumor strategies. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is a circulating factor with multiple effects in vascular biology through its receptor activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1). In this review, we give an overview of the possible benefits of modulating BMP9–ALK1 functions for cancer therapy improvement. Abstract The improvement of cancer therapy efficacy, the extension of patient survival and the reduction of adverse side effects are major challenges in cancer research. Targeting blood vessels has been considered a promising strategy in cancer therapy. Since the tumor vasculature is disorganized, leaky and triggers immunosuppression and tumor hypoxia, several strategies have been studied to modify tumor vasculature for cancer therapy improvement. Anti-angiogenesis was first described as a mechanism to prevent the formation of new blood vessels and prevent the oxygen supply to tumor cells, showing numerous limitations. Vascular normalization using low doses of anti-angiogenic drugs was purposed to overcome the limitations of anti-angiogenic therapies. Other strategies such as vascular promotion or the induction of high endothelial venules are being studied now to improve cancer therapy. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) exerts a dual effect through the activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) receptor in blood vessel maturation or activation phase of angiogenesis. Thus, it is an interesting pathway to target in combination with chemotherapies or immunotherapies. This review manuscript explores the effect of the BMP9–ALK1 pathway in tumor angiogenesis and the possible usefulness of targeting this pathway in anti-angiogenesis, vascular normalization or vascular promotion therapies.
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Ruiz-Llorente L, Vega MC, Fernández FJ, Langa C, Morrell NW, Upton PD, Bernabeu C. Generation of a Soluble Form of Human Endoglin Fused to Green Fluorescent Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011282. [PMID: 34681942 PMCID: PMC8539536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoglin (Eng, CD105) is a type I membrane glycoprotein that functions in endothelial cells as an auxiliary receptor for transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family members and as an integrin ligand, modulating the vascular pathophysiology. Besides the membrane-bound endoglin, there is a soluble form of endoglin (sEng) that can be generated by the action of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 or -12 on the juxtamembrane region of its ectodomain. High levels of sEng have been reported in patients with preeclampsia, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis and cancer. In addition, sEng is a marker of cardiovascular damage in patients with hypertension and diabetes, plays a pathogenic role in preeclampsia, and inhibits angiogenesis and tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion in cancer. However, the mechanisms of action of sEng have not yet been elucidated, and new tools and experimental approaches are necessary to advance in this field. To this end, we aimed to obtain a fluorescent form of sEng as a new tool for biological imaging. Thus, we cloned the extracellular domain of endoglin in the pEGFP-N1 plasmid to generate a fusion protein with green fluorescent protein (GFP), giving rise to pEGFP-N1/Eng.EC. The recombinant fusion protein was characterized by transient and stable transfections in CHO-K1 cells using fluorescence microscopy, SDS-PAGE, immunodetection, and ELISA techniques. Upon transfection with pEGFP-N1/Eng.EC, fluorescence was readily detected in cells, indicating that the GFP contained in the recombinant protein was properly folded into the cytosol. Furthermore, as evidenced by Western blot analysis, the secreted fusion protein yielded the expected molecular mass and displayed a specific fluorescent signal. The fusion protein was also able to bind to BMP9 and BMP10 in vitro. Therefore, the construct described here could be used as a tool for functional in vitro studies of the extracellular domain of endoglin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ruiz-Llorente
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-L.); (M.C.V.); (F.J.F.); (C.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of System Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Cristina Vega
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-L.); (M.C.V.); (F.J.F.); (C.L.)
| | - Francisco J. Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-L.); (M.C.V.); (F.J.F.); (C.L.)
| | - Carmen Langa
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-L.); (M.C.V.); (F.J.F.); (C.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicholas W. Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (N.W.M.); (P.D.U.)
| | - Paul D. Upton
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (N.W.M.); (P.D.U.)
| | - Carmelo Bernabeu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-L.); (M.C.V.); (F.J.F.); (C.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Piñeiro-Ramil M, Sanjurjo-Rodríguez C, Rodríguez-Fernández S, Castro-Viñuelas R, Hermida-Gómez T, Blanco-García FJ, Fuentes-Boquete I, Díaz-Prado S. Generation of Mesenchymal Cell Lines Derived from Aged Donors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10667. [PMID: 34639008 PMCID: PMC8508916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the capacity for self-renewal and multi-differentiation, and for this reason they are considered a potential cellular source in regenerative medicine of cartilage and bone. However, research on this field is impaired by the predisposition of primary MSCs to senescence during culture expansion. Therefore, the aim of this study was to generate and characterize immortalized MSC (iMSC) lines from aged donors. Methods: Primary MSCs were immortalized by transduction of simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40LT) and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). Proliferation, senescence, phenotype and multi-differentiation potential of the resulting iMSC lines were analyzed. Results: MSCs proliferate faster than primary MSCs, overcome senescence and are phenotypically similar to primary MSCs. Nevertheless, their multi-differentiation potential is unbalanced towards the osteogenic lineage. There are no clear differences between osteoarthritis (OA) and non-OA iMSCs in terms of proliferation, senescence, phenotype or differentiation potential. Conclusions: Primary MSCs obtained from elderly patients can be immortalized by transduction of SV40LT and hTERT. The high osteogenic potential of iMSCs converts them into an excellent cellular source to take part in in vitro models to study bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Piñeiro-Ramil
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (M.P.-R.); (C.S.-R.); (S.R.-F.); (R.C.-V.); (I.F.-B.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (T.H.-G.); (F.J.B.-G.)
| | - Clara Sanjurjo-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (M.P.-R.); (C.S.-R.); (S.R.-F.); (R.C.-V.); (I.F.-B.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (T.H.-G.); (F.J.B.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Rodríguez-Fernández
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (M.P.-R.); (C.S.-R.); (S.R.-F.); (R.C.-V.); (I.F.-B.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (T.H.-G.); (F.J.B.-G.)
| | - Rocío Castro-Viñuelas
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (M.P.-R.); (C.S.-R.); (S.R.-F.); (R.C.-V.); (I.F.-B.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (T.H.-G.); (F.J.B.-G.)
| | - Tamara Hermida-Gómez
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (T.H.-G.); (F.J.B.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario da Coruña (UDC-CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Blanco-García
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (T.H.-G.); (F.J.B.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario da Coruña (UDC-CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Isaac Fuentes-Boquete
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (M.P.-R.); (C.S.-R.); (S.R.-F.); (R.C.-V.); (I.F.-B.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (T.H.-G.); (F.J.B.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Díaz-Prado
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (M.P.-R.); (C.S.-R.); (S.R.-F.); (R.C.-V.); (I.F.-B.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (T.H.-G.); (F.J.B.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Song T, Huang D, Song D. The potential regulatory role of BMP9 in inflammatory responses. Genes Dis 2021; 9:1566-1578. [PMID: 36157503 PMCID: PMC9485205 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective response of the body to pathogens and injury. Hence, it is particularly important to explore the pathogenesis and key regulatory factors of inflammation. BMP9 is a unique member of the BMP family, which is widely known for its strong osteogenic potential and insensitivity to the inhibition of BMP3. Recently, several studies have reported an underlying pivotal link between BMP9 and inflammation. What is clear, though not well understood, is that BMP9 plays a role in inflammation in a carefully choreographed manner in different contexts. In this review, we have summarized current studies focusing on BMP9 and inflammation in various tissues and the latest advances in BMP9 expression, signal transduction, and crystal structure to better understand the relationship between BMP9 and inflammation. In addition, we also briefly summarized the inflammatory characteristics of some TGF-β superfamily members to provide better insights and ideas for the study of BMP9 and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province, Northwest Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Stomatology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, PR China
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Dongzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
- Corresponding author.
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Rossi E, Kauskot A, Saller F, Frezza E, Poirault-Chassac S, Lokajczyk A, Bourdoncle P, Saubaméa B, Gaussem P, Pericacho M, Bobe R, Bachelot-Loza C, Pasquali S, Bernabeu C, Smadja DM. Endoglin Is an Endothelial Housekeeper against Inflammation: Insight in ECFC-Related Permeability through LIMK/Cofilin Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168837. [PMID: 34445542 PMCID: PMC8396367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoglin (Eng) is an endothelial cell (EC) transmembrane glycoprotein involved in adhesion and angiogenesis. Eng mutations result in vessel abnormalities as observed in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia of type 1. The role of Eng was investigated in endothelial functions and permeability under inflammatory conditions, focusing on the actin dynamic signaling pathway. Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells (ECFC) from human cord blood and mouse lung/aortic EC (MLEC, MAEC) from Eng+/+ and Eng+/- mice were used. ECFC silenced for Eng with Eng-siRNA and ctr-siRNA were used to test tubulogenesis and permeability +/- TNFα and +/- LIM kinase inhibitors (LIMKi). In silico modeling of TNFα-Eng interactions was carried out from PDB IDs 5HZW and 5HZV. Calcium ions (Ca2+) flux was studied by Oregon Green 488 in epifluorescence microscopy. Levels of cofilin phosphorylation and tubulin post-translational modifications were evaluated by Western blot. F-actin and actin-tubulin distribution/co-localization were evaluated in cells by confocal microscopy. Eng silencing in ECFCs resulted in a decrease of cell sprouting by 50 ± 15% (p < 0.05) and an increase in pseudo-tube width (41 ± 4.5%; p < 0.001) compared to control. Upon TNFα stimulation, ECFC Eng-siRNA displayed a significant higher permeability compared to ctr-siRNA (p < 0.01), which is associated to a higher Ca2+ mobilization (p < 0.01). Computational analysis suggested that Eng mitigated TNFα activity. F-actin polymerization was significantly increased in ECFC Eng-siRNA, MAEC+/-, and MLEC+/- compared to controls (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, and p < 0.01, respectively) as well as actin/tubulin distribution (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the inactive form of cofilin (P-cofilin at Ser3) was significantly decreased by 36.7 ± 4.8% in ECFC Eng-siRNA compared to ctr-siRNA (p < 0.001). Interestingly, LIMKi reproduced the absence of Eng on TNFα-induced ECFC-increased permeability. Our data suggest that Eng plays a critical role in the homeostasis regulation of endothelial cells under inflammatory conditions (TNFα), and loss of Eng influences ECFC-related permeability through the LIMK/cofilin/actin rearrangement-signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rossi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.F.); (S.P.-C.); (A.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.); (C.B.-L.); (S.P.); (D.M.S.)
- IThEM, Inserm UMR-S 1140, F-75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexandre Kauskot
- HITh, UMR-S 1176, INSERM—Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (A.K.); (F.S.); (R.B.)
| | - François Saller
- HITh, UMR-S 1176, INSERM—Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (A.K.); (F.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Elisa Frezza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.F.); (S.P.-C.); (A.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.); (C.B.-L.); (S.P.); (D.M.S.)
- CiTCoM, CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Sonia Poirault-Chassac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.F.); (S.P.-C.); (A.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.); (C.B.-L.); (S.P.); (D.M.S.)
- IThEM, Inserm UMR-S 1140, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Anna Lokajczyk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.F.); (S.P.-C.); (A.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.); (C.B.-L.); (S.P.); (D.M.S.)
- IThEM, Inserm UMR-S 1140, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bourdoncle
- Plate-Forme IMAG’IC Institut Cochin Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Bruno Saubaméa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.F.); (S.P.-C.); (A.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.); (C.B.-L.); (S.P.); (D.M.S.)
- UMR-S 1144, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Pascale Gaussem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.F.); (S.P.-C.); (A.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.); (C.B.-L.); (S.P.); (D.M.S.)
- IThEM, Inserm UMR-S 1140, F-75006 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hematology Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Miguel Pericacho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Regis Bobe
- HITh, UMR-S 1176, INSERM—Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (A.K.); (F.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Christilla Bachelot-Loza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.F.); (S.P.-C.); (A.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.); (C.B.-L.); (S.P.); (D.M.S.)
- IThEM, Inserm UMR-S 1140, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Samuela Pasquali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.F.); (S.P.-C.); (A.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.); (C.B.-L.); (S.P.); (D.M.S.)
- CiTCoM, CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Carmelo Bernabeu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David M. Smadja
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.F.); (S.P.-C.); (A.L.); (B.S.); (P.G.); (C.B.-L.); (S.P.); (D.M.S.)
- IThEM, Inserm UMR-S 1140, F-75006 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hematology Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
- Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation), F-75000 Paris, France
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Douglas SR, Yeung KT, Yang J, Blair SL, Cohen O, Eliceiri BP. Identification of CD105+ Extracellular Vesicles as a Candidate Biomarker for Metastatic Breast Cancer. J Surg Res 2021; 268:168-173. [PMID: 34314883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vehicles (EVs) released by malignant tumor cells can mediate the immune response and promote metastasis through intercellular communication. EV analysis is an emerging cancer surveillance tool with advantages over traditional liquid biopsy methods. The aim of this pilot study is to identify actionable EV signatures in metastatic breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Under an IRB-approved protocol for the analysis of patient plasma, samples were collected from women with newly diagnosed or progressive metastatic breast cancer and from women without cancer. Enriched EVs were analyzed via a bead-based multiplex assay designed to detect 37 distinct tumor-relevant epitopes. The mean fluorescent intensity of EV epitopes meeting a minimum threshold of detectability was compared between groups via independent samples t-test. Subgroup analysis was conducted for metastatic breast cancer patients who were positive for estrogen and/or progesterone receptors and negative for HER2. Other variables potentially affecting CD105 levels were also analyzed. RESULTS CD105 was found to have a significantly higher mean fluorescent intensity in participants with metastatic breast cancer compared to control participants (P = 0.04). ER/PR+ subgroup analysis revealed a similar pattern compared to control participants (P = 0.01). Other analyzed variables were not found to have a significant correlation with CD105 levels. CONCLUSIONS CD105 EV levels were significantly higher in samples from participants with breast cancer compared to controls. Given that CD105 is known to mediate angiogenesis and promote metastasis, EV-associated CD105 in plasma represents a potential biomarker for diagnosis, surveillance and therapeutic targeting in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha R Douglas
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kay T Yeung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, California
| | - Sarah L Blair
- Division of Breast Surgery and The Comprehensive Breast Health Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Olga Cohen
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Brian P Eliceiri
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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Momoi Y, Nishida J, Miyakuni K, Kuroda M, Kubota SI, Miyazono K, Ehata S. Heterogenous expression of endoglin marks advanced renal cancer with distinct tumor microenvironment fitness. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3136-3149. [PMID: 34091990 PMCID: PMC8353946 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity, including in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, is a potential cause of drug resistance and metastatic cancer progression. We specified the heterogeneous population marked by endoglin (also known as CD105) in a preclinical model of clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression. Highly malignant derivatives of human clear cell renal cell carcinoma OS‐RC‐2 cells were established as OS5Ks by serial orthotopic inoculation in our previous study. Expression of both ENG (encoding endoglin) mRNA and protein were heterogeneously upregulated in OS5Ks, and the endoglin‐positive (ENG+) population exhibited growth dependency on endoglin in anchorage‐independent cultures. Despite the function of endoglin as a type III receptor, transforming growth factor β and bone morphogenetic protein‐9 signaling were unlikely to contribute to the proliferative phenotype. Although endoglin has been proposed as a marker for renal cancer‐initiating cells, the OS5K‐3 ENG+ population did not enrich other reported cancer‐initiating cell markers or differentiate into the ENG– population. Mouse tumor inoculation models revealed that the tumor‐forming capabilities of OS5K‐3 ENG+ and ENG– cells in vivo were highly dependent on the microenvironment, with the renal microenvironment most preferable to ENG+ cells. In conclusion, the renal microenvironment, rather than the hypothesized ENG+ cell‐centered hierarchy, maintains cellular heterogeneity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Therefore, the effect of the microenvironment should be considered when evaluating the proliferative capability of renal cancer cells in the experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Momoi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Jun Nishida
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kosuke Miyakuni
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kuroda
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Shimpei I Kubota
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Shogo Ehata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.,Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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40
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The BMP Pathway in Blood Vessel and Lymphatic Vessel Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126364. [PMID: 34198654 PMCID: PMC8232321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were originally identified as the active components in bone extracts that can induce ectopic bone formation. In recent decades, their key role has broadly expanded beyond bone physiology and pathology. Nowadays, the BMP pathway is considered an important player in vascular signaling. Indeed, mutations in genes encoding different components of the BMP pathway cause various severe vascular diseases. Their signaling contributes to the morphological, functional and molecular heterogeneity among endothelial cells in different vessel types such as arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels and capillaries within different organs. The BMP pathway is a remarkably fine-tuned pathway. As a result, its signaling output in the vessel wall critically depends on the cellular context, which includes flow hemodynamics, interplay with other vascular signaling cascades and the interaction of endothelial cells with peri-endothelial cells and the surrounding matrix. In this review, the emerging role of BMP signaling in lymphatic vessel biology will be highlighted within the framework of BMP signaling in the circulatory vasculature.
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41
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Searching for new molecular markers for cells obtained from abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Appl Genet 2021; 62:487-497. [PMID: 34080122 PMCID: PMC8357660 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-021-00641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate specific potential markers for cells obtained from three layers of human AAA divided into three segments along the AAA based on morphological differences. The isolated cells were compared to control commercial cell types from healthy human abdominal aortas. For each type of aortic layer, three specimens from 6 patients were compared. Total RNA was isolated from 36 cell cultures for gene expression profiling and potential new cytometry markers were typed. Isolated cells were analyzed by flow cytometry by using fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies to markers: CNN1, MYH10, ENG, ICAM2, and TEK. The relative expression of 45 genes in primary cell cultures and control lines was analyzed. Statistically significant differences were found in the expression of most of the analyzed genes between individual layers and control lines. Based on relative expression, antibodies were selected for flow cytometry. Gene expression profiles allowed to select new potential cytometry markers: CNN1, MYH10, MYOCD, ENG, ICAM2, TEK. However, none of the tested markers seems to be optimal and characteristic for a specific layer of AAA.
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42
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Nagai JS, Leimkühler NB, Schaub MT, Schneider RK, Costa IG. CrossTalkeR: Analysis and Visualisation of Ligand Receptor Networks. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:4263-4265. [PMID: 35032393 PMCID: PMC9502146 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Ligand-receptor (LR) network analysis allows the characterization of cellular crosstalk based on single cell RNA-seq data. However, current methods typically provide a list of inferred LR interactions and do not allow the researcher to focus on specific cell types, ligands or receptors. In addition, most of these methods cannot quantify changes in crosstalk between two biological phenotypes. RESULTS CrossTalkeR is a framework for network analysis and visualisation of LR interactions. CrossTalkeR identifies relevant ligands, receptors and cell types contributing to changes in cell communication when contrasting two biological phenotypes, i.e. disease vs. homeostasis. A case study on scRNA-seq of human myeloproliferative neoplasms reinforces the strengths of CrossTalkeR for characterisation of changes in cellular crosstalk in disease. AVAILABILITY CrosstalkeR is an R package available at:Github: https://github.com/CostaLab/CrossTalkeR.Zenodo: https://zenodo.org/record/4740646. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Nagai
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Germany
| | - Nils B Leimkühler
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, the Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.,Oncode Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Ivan G Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Germany
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Endoglin/CD105-Based Imaging of Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094804. [PMID: 33946583 PMCID: PMC8124553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging of pathologic lesions can improve efficient detection of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. A shared pathophysiological feature is angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels. Endoglin (CD105) is a coreceptor for ligands of the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) family and is highly expressed on angiogenic endothelial cells. Therefore, endoglin-based imaging has been explored to visualize lesions of the aforementioned diseases. This systematic review highlights the progress in endoglin-based imaging of cancer, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and aortic aneurysm, focusing on positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, and ultrasound imaging. PubMed was searched combining the following subjects and their respective synonyms or relevant subterms: “Endoglin”, “Imaging/Image-guided surgery”. In total, 59 papers were found eligible to be included: 58 reporting about preclinical animal or in vitro models and one ex vivo study in human organs. In addition to exact data extraction of imaging modality type, tumor or cardiovascular disease model, and tracer (class), outcomes were described via a narrative synthesis. Collectively, the data identify endoglin as a suitable target for intraoperative and diagnostic imaging of the neovasculature in tumors, whereas for cardiovascular diseases, the evidence remains scarce but promising.
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Systematic Analysis of the Transcriptome Profiles and Co-Expression Networks of Tumour Endothelial Cells Identifies Several Tumour-Associated Modules and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081768. [PMID: 33917186 PMCID: PMC8067977 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-related death, with tumour associated liver endothelial cells being thought to be major drivers in HCC progression. This study aims to compare the gene expression profiles of tumour endothelial cells from the liver with endothelial cells from non-tumour liver tissue, to identify perturbed biologic functions, co-expression modules, and potentially drugable hub genes that could give rise to novel therapeutic targets and strategies. Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) showed that cell growth-related pathways were upregulated, whereas apoptosis induction, immune and inflammatory-related pathways were downregulated in tumour endothelial cells. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) identified several modules strongly associated to tumour endothelial cells or angiogenic activated endothelial cells with high endoglin (ENG) expression. In tumour cells, upregulated modules were associated with cell growth, cell proliferation, and DNA-replication, whereas downregulated modules were involved in immune functions, particularly complement activation. In ENG+ cells, upregulated modules were associated with cell adhesion and endothelial functions. One downregulated module was associated with immune system-related functions. Querying the STRING database revealed known functional-interaction networks underlying the modules. Several possible hub genes were identified, of which some (for example FEN1, BIRC5, NEK2, CDKN3, and TTK) are potentially druggable as determined by querying the Drug Gene Interaction database. In summary, our study provides a detailed picture of the transcriptomic differences between tumour and non-tumour endothelium in the liver on a co-expression network level, indicates several potential therapeutic targets and presents an analysis workflow that can be easily adapted to other projects.
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Ollauri-Ibáñez C, Ayuso-Íñigo B, Pericacho M. Hot and Cold Tumors: Is Endoglin (CD105) a Potential Target for Vessel Normalization? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1552. [PMID: 33800564 PMCID: PMC8038031 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are complex masses formed by malignant but also by normal cells. The interaction between these cells via cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and enzymes that remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) constitutes the tumor microenvironment (TME). This TME can be determinant in the prognosis and the response to some treatments such as immunotherapy. Depending on their TME, two types of tumors can be defined: hot tumors, characterized by an immunosupportive TME and a good response to immunotherapy; and cold tumors, which respond poorly to this therapy and are characterized by an immunosuppressive TME. A therapeutic strategy that has been shown to be useful for the conversion of cold tumors into hot tumors is vascular normalization. In this review we propose that endoglin (CD105) may be a useful target of this strategy since it is involved in the three main processes involved in the generation of the TME: angiogenesis, inflammation, and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) accumulation. Moreover, the analysis of endoglin expression in tumors, which is already used in the clinic to study the microvascular density and that is associated with worse prognosis, could be used to predict a patient's response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miguel Pericacho
- Renal and Cardiovascular Research Unit, Group of Physiopathology of the Vascular Endothelium (ENDOVAS), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.O.-I.); (B.A.-Í.)
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Vicen M, Igreja Sá IC, Tripská K, Vitverová B, Najmanová I, Eissazadeh S, Micuda S, Nachtigal P. Membrane and soluble endoglin role in cardiovascular and metabolic disorders related to metabolic syndrome. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2405-2418. [PMID: 33185696 PMCID: PMC11072708 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03701-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane endoglin (Eng, CD105) is a transmembrane glycoprotein essential for the proper function of vascular endothelium. It might be cleaved by matrix metalloproteinases to form soluble endoglin (sEng), which is released into the circulation. Metabolic syndrome comprises conditions/symptoms that usually coincide (endothelial dysfunction, arterial hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity-related insulin resistance, and hypercholesterolemia), and are considered risk factors for cardiometabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis, type II diabetes mellitus, and liver disorders. The purpose of this review is to highlight current knowledge about the role of Eng and sEng in the disorders mentioned above, in vivo and in vitro extent, where we can find a wide range of contradictory results. We propose that reduced Eng expression is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction development in chronic pathologies related to metabolic syndrome. Eng expression is also essential for leukocyte transmigration and acute inflammation, suggesting that Eng is crucial for the regulation of endothelial function during the acute phase of vascular defense reaction to harmful conditions. sEng was shown to be a circulating biomarker of preeclampsia, and we propose that it might be a biomarker of metabolic syndrome-related symptoms and pathologies, including hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, arterial hypertension, and diabetes mellitus as well, despite the fact that some contradictory findings have been reported. Besides, sEng can participate in the development of endothelial dysfunction and promote the development of arterial hypertension, suggesting that high levels of sEng promote metabolic syndrome symptoms and complications. Therefore, we suggest that the treatment of metabolic syndrome should take into account the importance of Eng in the endothelial function and levels of sEng as a biomarker and risk factor of related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Vicen
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Ivone Cristina Igreja Sá
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Tripská
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Vitverová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Najmanová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Samira Eissazadeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Micuda
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmacology, Charles University, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nachtigal
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic.
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Víšek J, Bláha M, Bláha V, Lášticová M, Lánska M, Andrýs C, Tebbens JD, Igreja E Sá IC, Tripská K, Vicen M, Najmanová I, Nachtigal P. Monitoring of up to 15 years effects of lipoprotein apheresis on lipids, biomarkers of inflammation, and soluble endoglin in familial hypercholesterolemia patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:110. [PMID: 33640001 PMCID: PMC7913462 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01749-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lipoprotein apheresis (LA) is considered as an add-on therapy for patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). We aimed to analyze the data collected in the last 15 years from FH patients treated with LA, to elucidate the benefit of this procedure with respect to plasma lipids, biomarkers of inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction and soluble endoglin. Results 14 patients (10 heterozygous FH patients (HeFH), 4 homozygous FH patients (HoFH)) were treated by long-term lipoprotein apheresis. Lipid levels were examined, and ELISA detected biomarkers of inflammation and soluble endoglin. Paired tests were used for intergroup comparisons, and a linear regression model served to estimate the influence of the number of days patients were treated with LA on the studied parameters. LA treatment was associated with a significant decrease of total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, HDL-C, and apoB, in both HeFH and HoFH patients, after single apheresis and in a long-term period during the monitored interval of 15 years. Biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were reduced for soluble endoglin, hsCRP, and MCP-1, and sP-selectin after each procedure in some HeFH and HoFH patients. Conclusions LA treatment up to 15 years, reduced cholesterol levels, levels of biomarkers related to endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation not only after each procedure but also in the long-term evaluation in FH patients. We propose that long-term LA treatment improves lipid profile and endothelial dysfunction in familial hypercholesterolemia patients, suggesting a promising improvement in cardiovascular prognosis in most FH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Víšek
- Metabolism and Gerontology, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, University Hospital Hradec Králové and Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - M Bláha
- 4th Department of Medicine - Hematology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, University Hospital Hradec Králové and Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - V Bláha
- Metabolism and Gerontology, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, University Hospital Hradec Králové and Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - M Lášticová
- Metabolism and Gerontology, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, University Hospital Hradec Králové and Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - M Lánska
- 4th Department of Medicine - Hematology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, University Hospital Hradec Králové and Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - C Andrýs
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, University Hospital Hradec Králové and Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - J Duintjer Tebbens
- Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ivone Cristina Igreja E Sá
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - K Tripská
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - M Vicen
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - I Najmanová
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - P Nachtigal
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Fernández-Sarmiento J, Flórez S, Alarcón-Forero LC, Salazar-Peláez LM, Garcia-Casallas J, Mulett H, Acevedo L, Salamanca C. Case Report: Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage in Critically ill Patients With SARS-CoV-2-Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C). Front Pediatr 2021; 9:726949. [PMID: 34552899 PMCID: PMC8451682 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.726949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial insult and damage is one of the reported consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. It has been associated with severe inflammation, thrombotic phenomena and profound hypoxemia in critically ill patients. Endothelial activation leads to a loss of the endothelium's antithrombotic properties which, under normal conditions, are maintained by the endothelial glycocalyx, a carbohydrate-rich layer that covers the luminal surface of endothelial cells. In children, one of the serious forms of SARS-CoV-2 virus disease (COVID-19) is multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). This new disease is characterized by a large inflammatory response and frequent cardiovascular, cutaneous and gastrointestinal disorders. We describe the first two cases of critically ill children with MIS-C who evidenced a large inflammatory response associated with elevated plasma and imaging biomarkers of endothelial activation and endothelial glycocalyx degradation. This microcirculation involvement in MIS-C could, at least partially, explain some of the clinical manifestations and laboratory and imaging alterations found in these patients. These findings contribute to a better understanding of this disease and suggest that medications to modulate the inflammatory response and protect or restore the endothelial glycocalyx should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Fernández-Sarmiento
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Universidad de la Sabana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Graduate School, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Steffanie Flórez
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Universidad de la Sabana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura C Alarcón-Forero
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Universidad de la Sabana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Julio Garcia-Casallas
- Department of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Universidad de la Sabana, Chia, Colombia
| | - Hernando Mulett
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Universidad de la Sabana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lorena Acevedo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Universidad de la Sabana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Salamanca
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Universidad de la Sabana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Liu Y, Paauwe M, Nixon AB, Hawinkels LJ. Endoglin Targeting: Lessons Learned and Questions That Remain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010147. [PMID: 33375670 PMCID: PMC7795616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30 years ago, endoglin was identified as a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β coreceptor with a crucial role in developmental biology and tumor angiogenesis. Its selectively high expression on tumor vessels and its correlation with poor survival in cancer patients led to the exploration of endoglin as a therapeutic target for cancer. The endoglin neutralizing antibody TRC105 (Carotuximab®, Tracon Pharmaceuticals (San Diego, CA, USA) was subsequently tested in a wide variety of preclinical cancer models before being tested in phase I-III clinical studies in cancer patients as both a monotherapy and in combination with other chemotherapeutic and anti-angiogenic therapies. The combined data of these studies have revealed new insights into the role of endoglin in angiogenesis and its expression and functional role on other cells in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we will summarize the preclinical work, clinical trials and biomarker studies of TRC105 and explore what these studies have enabled us to learn and what questions remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (Y.L.); (A.B.N.)
| | - Madelon Paauwe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Andrew B. Nixon
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (Y.L.); (A.B.N.)
| | - Lukas J.A.C. Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-71-526-6736
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50
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Lee SA, Li KN, Tumbar T. Stem cell-intrinsic mechanisms regulating adult hair follicle homeostasis. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:430-447. [PMID: 33278851 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) undergo dynamic and periodic molecular changes in their cellular states throughout the hair homeostatic cycle. These states are tightly regulated by cell-intrinsic mechanisms and by extrinsic signals from the microenvironment. HFSCs are essential not only for fuelling hair growth, but also for skin wound healing. Increasing evidence suggests an important role of HFSCs in organizing multiple skin components around the hair follicle, thus functioning as an organizing centre during adult skin homeostasis. Here, we focus on recent findings on cell-intrinsic mechanisms of HFSC homeostasis, which include transcription factors, histone modifications, DNA regulatory elements, non-coding RNAs, cell metabolism, cell polarity and post-transcriptional mRNA processing. Several transcription factors are now known to participate in well-known signalling pathways that control hair follicle homeostasis, as well as in super-enhancer activities to modulate HFSC and progenitor lineage progression. Interestingly, HFSCs have been shown to secrete molecules that are important in guiding the organization of several skin components around the hair follicle, including nerves, arrector pili muscle and vasculature. Finally, we discuss recent technological advances in the field such as single-cell RNA sequencing and live imaging, which revealed HFSC and progenitor heterogeneity and brought new light to understanding crosstalking between HFSCs and the microenvironment. The field is well on its way to generate a comprehensive map of molecular interactions that should serve as a solid theoretical platform for application in hair and skin disease and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon A Lee
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kefei Nina Li
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tudorita Tumbar
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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