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Vasconez Martinez MG, Reihs EI, Stuetz HM, Hafner A, Brandauer K, Selinger F, Schuller P, Bastus N, Puntes V, Frank J, Tomischko W, Frauenlob M, Ertl P, Resch C, Bauer G, Povoden G, Rothbauer M. Using Rapid Prototyping to Develop a Cell-Based Platform with Electrical Impedance Sensor Membranes for In Vitro RPMI2650 Nasal Nanotoxicology Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:107. [PMID: 38392026 PMCID: PMC10886737 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Due to advances in additive manufacturing and prototyping, affordable and rapid microfluidic sensor-integrated assays can be fabricated using additive manufacturing, xurography and electrode shadow masking to create versatile platform technologies aimed toward qualitative assessment of acute cytotoxic or cytolytic events using stand-alone biochip platforms in the context of environmental risk assessment. In the current study, we established a nasal mucosa biosensing platform using RPMI2650 mucosa cells inside a membrane-integrated impedance-sensing biochip using exclusively rapid prototyping technologies. In a final proof-of-concept, we applied this biosensing platform to create human cell models of nasal mucosa for monitoring the acute cytotoxic effect of zinc oxide reference nanoparticles. Our data generated with the biochip platform successfully monitored the acute toxicity and cytolytic activity of 6 mM zinc oxide nanoparticles, which was non-invasively monitored as a negative impedance slope on nasal epithelial models, demonstrating the feasibility of rapid prototyping technologies such as additive manufacturing and xurography for cell-based platform development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Gabriel Vasconez Martinez
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Eva I. Reihs
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-22, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helene M. Stuetz
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Astrid Hafner
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Konstanze Brandauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Florian Selinger
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Patrick Schuller
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Neus Bastus
- Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology, UAB Campus, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Victor Puntes
- Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology, UAB Campus, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Johannes Frank
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.F.); (W.T.)
| | - Wolfgang Tomischko
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.F.); (W.T.)
| | - Martin Frauenlob
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.F.); (W.T.)
| | - Christian Resch
- Science, Research, and Development Division, Austrian Federal Ministry of Defence, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Bauer
- Science, Research, and Development Division, Austrian Federal Ministry of Defence, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- CBRN-Defence-Centre, Austrian Armed Forces, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
| | - Guenter Povoden
- CBRN-Defence-Centre, Austrian Armed Forces, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department for Legal Philosophy, Law of Religion and Culture, University Vienna, Freyung 6, 1010 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), IFA Building 1, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-22, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Despicht C, Munkboel CH, Chou HN, Ertl P, Rothbauer M, Kutter JP, Styrishave B, Kretschmann A. Towards a microfluidic H295R steroidogenesis assay-biocompatibility study and steroid detection on a thiol-ene-based chip. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5421-5436. [PMID: 37438566 PMCID: PMC10444685 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of cell-based microfluidic assays offers exciting new opportunities in toxicity testing, allowing for integration of new functionalities, automation, and high throughput in comparison to traditional well-plate assays. As endocrine disruption caused by environmental chemicals and pharmaceuticals represents a growing global health burden, the purpose of the current study was to contribute towards the miniaturization of the H295R steroidogenesis assay, from the well-plate to the microfluidic format. Microfluidic chip fabrication with the established well-plate material polystyrene (PS) is expensive and complicated; PDMS and thiol-ene were therefore tested as potential chip materials for microfluidic H295R cell culture, and evaluated in terms of cell attachment, cell viability, and steroid synthesis in the absence and presence of collagen surface modification. Additionally, spike-recovery experiments were performed, to investigate potential steroid adsorption to chip materials. Cell aggregation with poor steroid recoveries was observed for PDMS, while cells formed monolayer cultures on the thiol-ene chip material, with cell viability and steroid synthesis comparable to cells grown on a PS surface. As thiol-ene overall displayed more favorable properties for H295R cell culture, a microfluidic chip design and corresponding cell seeding procedure were successfully developed, achieving repeatable and uniform cell distribution in microfluidic channels. Finally, H295R perfusion culture on thiol-ene chips was investigated at different flow rates (20, 10, and 2.5 µL/min), and 13 steroids were detected in eluting cell medium over 48 h at the lowest flow rate. The presented work and results pave the way for a time-resolved microfluidic H295R steroidogenesis assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Despicht
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Cecilie H Munkboel
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Hua Nee Chou
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-22, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg P Kutter
- Microscale Analytical Systems, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Univeristy of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, OE, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Styrishave
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark.
| | - Andreas Kretschmann
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
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Cheng Y, Tao J, Zhang Y, Xi L, Han R, Xu M, Lee SMY, Ge W, Gan Y, Zheng Y. Shape and Shear Stress Impact on the Toxicity of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37167021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are widely used in the biomedical field because of their unique and excellent properties. However, the potential toxicity of different shaped MSNs via injection has not been fully studied. This study aims to systematically explore the impact of shape and shear stress on the toxicity of MSNs after injection. An in vitro blood flow model was developed to investigate the cytotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms of spherical MSNs (S-MSN) and rodlike MSNs (R-MSN) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results suggested that the interactions between MSNs and HUVECs under the physiological flow conditions were significantly different from that under static conditions. Whether under static or flow conditions, R-MSN showed better cellular uptake and less oxidative damage than S-MSN. The main mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by R-MSN was due to shear stress-dependent mechanical damage of the cell membrane, while the toxicity of S-MSN was attributed to mechanical damage and oxidative damage. The addition of fetal bovine serum (FBS) alleviated the toxicity of S-MSN by reducing cellular uptake and oxidative stress under static and flow conditions. Moreover, the in vivo results showed that both S-MSN and R-MSN caused cardiovascular toxicity in zebrafish and mouse models due to the high shear stress, especially in the heart. S-MSN led to severe oxidative damage at the accumulation site, such as liver, spleen, and lung in mice, while R-MSN did not cause significant oxidative stress. The results of in vitro blood flow and in vivo models indicated that particle shape and shear stress are crucial to the biosafety of MSNs, providing new evidence for the toxicity mechanisms of the injected MSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jinsong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Long Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Run Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yong Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
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The Cultivation Modality and Barrier Maturity Modulate the Toxicity of Industrial Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Nasal, Buccal, Bronchial, and Alveolar Mucosa Cell-Derived Barrier Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065634. [PMID: 36982705 PMCID: PMC10056597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As common industrial by-products, airborne engineered nanomaterials are considered important environmental toxins to monitor due to their potential health risks to humans and animals. The main uptake routes of airborne nanoparticles are nasal and/or oral inhalation, which are known to enable the transfer of nanomaterials into the bloodstream resulting in the rapid distribution throughout the human body. Consequently, mucosal barriers present in the nose, buccal, and lung have been identified and intensively studied as the key tissue barrier to nanoparticle translocation. Despite decades of research, surprisingly little is known about the differences among various mucosa tissue types to tolerate nanoparticle exposures. One limitation in comparing nanotoxicological data sets can be linked to a lack of harmonization and standardization of cell-based assays, where (a) different cultivation conditions such as an air-liquid interface or submerged cultures, (b) varying barrier maturity, and (c) diverse media substitutes have been used. The current comparative nanotoxicological study, therefore, aims at analyzing the toxic effects of nanomaterials on four human mucosa barrier models including nasal (RPMI2650), buccal (TR146), alveolar (A549), and bronchial (Calu-3) mucosal cell lines to better understand the modulating effects of tissue maturity, cultivation conditions, and tissue type using standard transwell cultivations at liquid-liquid and air-liquid interfaces. Overall, cell size, confluency, tight junction localization, and cell viability as well as barrier formation using 50% and 100% confluency was monitored using trans-epithelial-electrical resistance (TEER) measurements and resazurin-based Presto Blue assays of immature (e.g., 5 days) and mature (e.g., 22 days) cultures in the presence and absence of corticosteroids such as hydrocortisone. Results of our study show that cellular viability in response to increasing nanoparticle exposure scenarios is highly compound and cell-type specific (TR146 6 ± 0.7% at 2 mM ZnO (ZnO) vs. ~90% at 2 mM TiO2 (TiO2) for 24 h; Calu3 93.9 ± 4.21% at 2 mM ZnO vs. ~100% at 2 mM TiO2). Nanoparticle-induced cytotoxic effects under air-liquid cultivation conditions declined in RPMI2650, A549, TR146, and Calu-3 cells (~0.7 to ~0.2-fold), with increasing 50 to 100% barrier maturity under the influence of ZnO (2 mM). Cell viability in early and late mucosa barriers where hardly influenced by TiO2 as well as most cell types did not fall below 77% viability when added to Individual ALI cultures. Fully maturated bronchial mucosal cell barrier models cultivated under ALI conditions showed less tolerance to acute ZnO nanoparticle exposures (~50% remaining viability at 2 mM ZnO for 24 h) than the similarly treated but more robust nasal (~74%), buccal (~73%), and alveolar (~82%) cell-based models.
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Peter B, Kanyo N, Kovacs KD, Kovács V, Szekacs I, Pécz B, Molnár K, Nakanishi H, Lagzi I, Horvath R. Glycocalyx Components Detune the Cellular Uptake of Gold Nanoparticles in a Size- and Charge-Dependent Manner. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 6:64-73. [PMID: 36239448 PMCID: PMC9846697 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in targeted drug delivery and biomedical imaging due to their penetration into living cells. The outer coating of most cells is a sugar-rich layer of the cellular glycocalyx, presumably playing an important part in any uptake processes. However, the exact role of the cellular glycocalyx in NP uptake is still uncovered. Here, we in situ monitored the cellular uptake of gold NPs─functionalized with positively charged alkaline thiol (TMA)─into adhered cancer cells with or without preliminary glycocalyx digestion. Proteoglycan (PG) components of the glycocalyx were treated by the chondroitinase ABC enzyme. It acts on chondroitin 4-sulfate, chondroitin 6-sulfate, and dermatan sulfate and slowly on hyaluronate. The uptake measurements of HeLa cells were performed by applying a high-throughput label-free optical biosensor based on resonant waveguide gratings. The positively charged gold NPs were used with different sizes [d = 2.6, 4.2, and 7.0 nm, small (S), medium (M), and large(L), respectively]. Negatively charged citrate-capped tannic acid (CTA, d = 5.5 nm) NPs were also used in control experiments. Real-time biosensor data confirmed the cellular uptake of the functionalized NPs, which was visually proved by transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the enzymatic digestion facilitated the entry of the positively charged S- and M-sized NPs, being more pronounced for the M-sized. Other enzymes digesting different components of the glycocalyx were also employed, and the results were compared. Glycosaminoglycan digesting heparinase III treatment also increased, while glycoprotein and glycolipid modifying neuraminidase decreased the NP uptake by HeLa cells. This suggests that the sialic acid residues increase, while heparan sulfate decreases the uptake of positively charged NPs. Our results raise the hypothesis that cellular uptake of 2-4 nm positively charged NPs is facilitated by glycoprotein and glycolipid components of the glycocalyx but inhibited by PGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Peter
- Nanobiosensorics
Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics
and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege út 29-33, BudapestH-1120, Hungary,
| | - Nicolett Kanyo
- Nanobiosensorics
Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics
and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege út 29-33, BudapestH-1120, Hungary
| | - Kinga Dora Kovacs
- Nanobiosensorics
Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics
and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege út 29-33, BudapestH-1120, Hungary,Department
of Biological Physics, Eötvös
University, BudapestH 1117, Hungary
| | - Viktor Kovács
- Nanobiosensorics
Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics
and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege út 29-33, BudapestH-1120, Hungary
| | - Inna Szekacs
- Nanobiosensorics
Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics
and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege út 29-33, BudapestH-1120, Hungary
| | - Béla Pécz
- Thin
Films Laboratory, Institute of Technical
Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege út 29-33, BudapestH-1120, Hungary
| | - Kinga Molnár
- Department
of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/C, BudapestH-1117, Hungary
| | - Hideyuki Nakanishi
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science
and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto606-8585, Japan
| | - Istvan Lagzi
- Department
of Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Rkp. 3, BudapestH-1111, Hungary,ELKH-BME
Condensed Matter Research Group, Műegyetem Rkp. 3, BudapestH-1111, Hungary
| | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics
Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics
and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege út 29-33, BudapestH-1120, Hungary
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Zirath H, Spitz S, Roth D, Schellhorn T, Rothbauer M, Müller B, Walch M, Kaur J, Wörle A, Kohl Y, Mayr T, Ertl P. Bridging the academic-industrial gap: application of an oxygen and pH sensor-integrated lab-on-a-chip in nanotoxicology. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4237-4248. [PMID: 34605521 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00528f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Translation of advanced cell-based assays exhibiting a higher degree of automation, miniaturization, and integration of complementary sensing functions is mainly limited by the development of industrial-relevant prototypes that can be readily produced in larger volumes. Despite the increasing number of academic publications in recent years, the manufacturability of these microfluidic cell cultures systems is largely ignored, thus severely restricting their implementation in routine toxicological applications. We have developed a dual-sensor integrated microfluidic cell analysis platform using industrial specifications, materials, and fabrication methods to conduct risk assessment studies of engineered nanoparticles to overcome this academic-industrial gap. Non-invasive and time-resolved monitoring of cellular oxygen uptake and metabolic activity (pH) in the absence and presence of nanoparticle exposure is accomplished by integrating optical sensor spots into a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC)-based microfluidic platform. Results of our nanotoxicological study, including two physiological cell barriers that are essential in the protection from exogenous factors, the intestine (Caco-2) and the vasculature (HUVECs) showed that the assessment of the cells' total energy metabolism is ideally suited to rapidly detect cytotoxicities. Additional viability assay verification using state-of-the-art dye exclusion assays for nanotoxicology demonstrated the similarity and comparability of our results, thus highlighting the benefits of employing a compact and cost-efficient microfluidic dual-sensor platform as a pre-screening tool in nanomaterial risk assessment and as a rapid quality control measure in medium to high-throughput settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Zirath
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Spitz
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Roth
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Schellhorn
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Müller
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Manuel Walch
- kdg opticomp GmbH, Am kdg Campus, Dorf 91, 6652 Elbigenalp, Austria
| | - Jatinder Kaur
- kdg opticomp GmbH, Am kdg Campus, Dorf 91, 6652 Elbigenalp, Austria
| | - Alexander Wörle
- kdg opticomp GmbH, Am kdg Campus, Dorf 91, 6652 Elbigenalp, Austria
| | - Yvonne Kohl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Kocsis Á, Pasztorek M, Rossmanith E, Djinovic Z, Mayr T, Spitz S, Zirath H, Ertl P, Fischer MB. Dependence of mitochondrial function on the filamentous actin cytoskeleton in cultured mesenchymal stem cells treated with cytochalasin B. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:310-320. [PMID: 34175199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation capability, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold enormous potential in regenerative medicine. A prerequisite for a successful MSC therapy is the rigorous investigation of their function after in vitro cultivation. Damages introduced to mitochondria during cultivation adversely affect MSCs function and can determine their fate. While it has been shown that microtubules and vimentin intermediate filaments are important for mitochondrial dynamics and active mitochondrial transport within the cytoplasm of MSCs, the role of filamentous actin in this process has not been fully understood yet. To gain a deeper understanding of the interdependence between mitochondrial function and the cytoskeleton, we applied cytochalasin B to disturb the filamentous actin-based cytoskeleton of MSCs. In this study we combined conventional functional assays with a state-of-the-art oxygen sensor-integrated microfluidic device to investigate mitochondrial function. We demonstrated that cytochalasin B treatment at a dose of 16 μM led to a decrease in cell viability with high mitochondrial membrane potential, increased oxygen consumption rate, disturbed fusion and fission balance, nuclear extrusion and perinuclear accumulation of mitochondria. Treatment of MSCs for 48 h ultimately led to nuclear fragmentation, and activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptotic cell death. Importantly, we could show that mitochondrial function of MSCs can efficiently recover from the damage to the filamentous actin-based cytoskeleton over a period of 24 h. As a result of our study, a causative connection between the filamentous actin-based cytoskeleton and mitochondrial dynamics was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Kocsis
- Department for Biomedical Research, Center of Experimental Medicine, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
| | - Markus Pasztorek
- Department for Biomedical Research, Center of Experimental Medicine, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
| | - Eva Rossmanith
- Department for Biomedical Research, Center of Experimental Medicine, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
| | - Zoran Djinovic
- ACMIT Gmbh (Austrian Center for Medical Innovation and Technology), Viktor Kaplan-Straße 2/1, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9 / II + III, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Sarah Spitz
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Helene Zirath
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Michael B Fischer
- Department for Biomedical Research, Center of Experimental Medicine, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria; Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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8
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Oh HJ, Kim J, Kim H, Choi N, Chung S. Microfluidic Reconstitution of Tumor Microenvironment for Nanomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002122. [PMID: 33576178 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have an extensive range of diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer treatment. However, their current clinical translation is slow, mainly due to the failure to develop preclinical evaluation techniques that can draw similar conclusions to clinical outcomes by adequately mimicking nanoparticle behavior in complicated tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Microfluidic methods offer significant advantages over conventional in vitro methods to resolve these challenges by recapitulating physiological cues of the TME such as the extracellular matrix, shear stress, interstitial flow, soluble factors, oxygen, and nutrient gradients. The methods are capable of de-coupling microenvironmental features, spatiotemporal controlling of experimental sequences, and high throughput readouts in situ. This progress report highlights the recent achievements of microfluidic models to reconstitute the physiological microenvironment, especially for nanomedical tools for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Oh
- School of Mechanical Engineering Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Center for BioMicrosystems Brain Science Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science & Technology KIST School Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) Seoul 34113 Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
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9
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Purtscher M, Rothbauer M, Kratz SRA, Bailey A, Lieberzeit P, Ertl P. A microfluidic impedance-based extended infectivity assay: combining retroviral amplification and cytopathic effect monitoring on a single lab-on-a-chip platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1364-1372. [PMID: 33566877 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Detection, quantification and monitoring of virus - host cell interactions are of great importance when evaluating the safety of pharmaceutical products. With the wide usage of viral based vector systems in combination with mammalian cell lines for the production of biopharmaceuticals, the presence of replication competent viral particles needs to be avoided and potential hazards carefully assessed. Consequently, regulatory agencies recommend viral clearance studies using plaque assays or TCID50 assays to evaluate the efficiency of the production process in removing viruses. While plaque assays provide reliable information on the presence of viral contaminations, they are still tedious to perform and can take up to two weeks to finish. To overcome some of these limitations, we have automated, miniaturized and integrated the dual cell culture bioassay into a common lab-on-a-chip platform containing embedded electrical sensor arrays to enrich and detect infectious viruses. Results of our microfluidic single step assay show that a significant reduction in assay time down to 3 to 4 days can be achieved using simultaneous cell-based viral amplification, release and detection of cytopathic effects in a target cell line. We further demonstrate the enhancing effect of continuous fluid flow on infection of PG-4 reporter cells by newly formed and highly active virions by M. dunni cells, thus pointing to the importance of physical relevant viral-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Purtscher
- University of Applied Sciences FH Technikum Wien, Höchstädtplatz 6, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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10
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Microfluidic based human-on-a-chip: A revolutionary technology in scientific research. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Oddo A, Morozesk M, Lombi E, Schmidt TB, Tong Z, Voelcker NH. Risk assessment on-a-chip: a cell-based microfluidic device for immunotoxicity screening. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:682-691. [PMID: 36133829 PMCID: PMC9416880 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00857e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are widely used in industrial and clinical settings due to their unique physical and chemical properties. However, public health and environmental concerns have emerged owing to their undesired toxicity and ability to trigger immune responses. This paper presents the development of a microfluidic-based cell biochip device that enables the administration of nanoparticles under laminar flow to cells of the immune system to assess their cytotoxicity. The exposure of human B lymphocytes to 10 nm silver nanoparticles under fluid flow led to a 3-fold increase in toxicity compared to static conditions, possibly indicating enhanced cell-nanoparticle interactions. To investigate whether the administration under flow was the main contributing factor, we compared and validated the cytotoxicity of the same nanoparticles in different platforms, including the conventional well plate format and in-house fabricated microfluidic devices under both static and dynamic flow conditions. Our results suggest that commonly employed static platforms might not be well-suited to perform toxicological screening of nanomaterials and may lead to an underestimation of cytotoxic responses. The simplicity of the developed flow system makes this setup a valuable tool to preliminary screen nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Oddo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Mariana Morozesk
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, São Carlos 13565-905 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Enzo Lombi
- Future Industries Institute and UniSA STEM, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes 5095 South Australia Australia
| | - Tobias Benedikt Schmidt
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University Alteburgstraße 150 72762 Reutlingen Germany
| | - Ziqiu Tong
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Nicolas Hans Voelcker
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Monash University Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
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12
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Khalid MAU, Kim YS, Ali M, Lee BG, Cho YJ, Choi KH. A lung cancer-on-chip platform with integrated biosensors for physiological monitoring and toxicity assessment. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Yang JW, Chen YW, Ho PY, Jiang L, Hsieh KY, Cheng SJ, Lin KC, Lu HE, Chiu HY, Lin SF, Chen GY. The Development of Controllable Magnetic Driven Microphysiological System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:275. [PMID: 31788472 PMCID: PMC6853840 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research has enabled the use of microphysiological systems and creation of models for alveolar and pulmonary diseases. However, bottlenecks remain in terms of medium- and long-term regulation of cell cultures and their functions in microchannel systems, as well as in the enhancement of in vitro representation of alveolar models and reference values of the data. Currently used systems also require on-chip manufacturing of complex units, such as pumps, tubes, and other cumbersome structures for maintaining cells in culture. In addition, system simplification and minimization of all external and human factors major challenges facing the establishment of in vitro alveolar models. In this study, a magnetically driven dynamic alveolus cell-culture system has been developed to use controlled magnetic force to drive a magnetic film on the chip, thereby directing the fluid within it to produce a circulating flow. The system has been confirmed to be conducive with regard to facilitating uniform attachment of human alveolar epithelial cells and long-term culture. The cell structure has been recapitulated, and differentiation functions have been maintained. Subsequently, reactions between silica nanoparticles and human alveolar epithelial cells have been used to validate the effects and advantages of the proposed dynamic chip-based system compared to a static environment. The innovative concept of use of a magnetic drive has been successfully employed in this study to create a simple and controllable yet dynamic alveolus cell-culture system to realize its functions and advantages with regard to in vitro tissue construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Ho
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Liane Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Centre for Ophthalmology, Section for Experimental Ophthalmic Surgery and Refractive Surgery, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kuan Yu Hsieh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Jen Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chih Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Huai-En Lu
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Chiu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shien-Fong Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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14
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Kratz SRA, Höll G, Schuller P, Ertl P, Rothbauer M. Latest Trends in Biosensing for Microphysiological Organs-on-a-Chip and Body-on-a-Chip Systems. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E110. [PMID: 31546916 PMCID: PMC6784383 DOI: 10.3390/bios9030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Organs-on-chips are considered next generation in vitro tools capable of recreating in vivo like, physiological-relevant microenvironments needed to cultivate 3D tissue-engineered constructs (e.g., hydrogel-based organoids and spheroids) as well as tissue barriers. These microphysiological systems are ideally suited to (a) reduce animal testing by generating human organ models, (b) facilitate drug development and (c) perform personalized medicine by integrating patient-derived cells and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into microfluidic devices. An important aspect of any diagnostic device and cell analysis platform, however, is the integration and application of a variety of sensing strategies to provide reliable, high-content information on the health status of the in vitro model of choice. To overcome the analytical limitations of organs-on-a-chip systems a variety of biosensors have been integrated to provide continuous data on organ-specific reactions and dynamic tissue responses. Here, we review the latest trends in biosensors fit for monitoring human physiology in organs-on-a-chip systems including optical and electrochemical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rudi Adam Kratz
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gregor Höll
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Patrick Schuller
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Yang Y, Liu S, Geng J. Microfluidic-Based Platform for the Evaluation of Nanomaterial-Mediated Drug Delivery: From High-Throughput Screening to Dynamic Monitoring. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2953-2968. [PMID: 31362686 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190730100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterial-based drug delivery holds tremendous promise for improving targeting capacity, biodistribution, and performance of therapeutic/diagnostic agents. Accelerating the clinical translation of current nanomedicine requires an in-depth understanding of the mechanism underlying the dynamic interaction between nanomaterials and cells in a physiological/pathophysiological-relevant condition. The introduction of the advanced microfluidic platform with miniaturized, well-controlled, and high-throughput features opens new investigation and application opportunities for nanomedicine evaluation. This review highlights the current state-of-theart in the field of 1) microfluidic-assisted in vitro assays that are capable of providing physiological-relevant flow conditions and performing high-throughput drug screening, 2) advanced organ-on-a-chip technology with the combination of microfabrication and tissue engineering techniques for mimicking microenvironment and better predicting in vivo response of nanomedicine, and 3) the integration of microdevice with various detection techniques that can monitor cell-nanoparticle interaction with high spatiotemporal resolution. Future perspectives regarding optimized on-chip disease modeling and personalized nanomedicine screening are discussed towards further expanding the utilization of the microfluidic-based platform in assessing the biological behavior of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinfa Geng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
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16
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McCormick S, Smith LE, Holmes AM, Tong Z, Lombi E, Voelcker NH, Priest C. Multiparameter toxicity screening on a chip: Effects of UV radiation and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on HaCaT cells. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:044112. [PMID: 31893008 PMCID: PMC6932853 DOI: 10.1063/1.5113729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic screening is gaining attention as an efficient method for evaluating nanomaterial toxicity. Here, we consider a multiparameter treatment where nanomaterials interact with cells in the presence of a secondary exposure (UV radiation). The microfluidic device contains channels that permit immobilization of HaCaT cells (human skin cell line), delivery of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs), and exposure to a known dose of UV radiation. The effect of single-parameter exposures (UV or TNP) was first studied as a benchmark, and then multiparameter toxicity (UV and TNP) at different concentrations was explored. The results demonstrate a concentration-dependent protective effect of TNP when exposed to UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise E. Smith
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes Boulevard, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Amy M. Holmes
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ziqiu Tong
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Enzo Lombi
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes Boulevard, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | | | - Craig Priest
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes Boulevard, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
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17
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Zhu D, Long Q, Xu Y, Xing J. Evaluating Nanoparticles in Preclinical Research Using Microfluidic Systems. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10060414. [PMID: 31234335 PMCID: PMC6631852 DOI: 10.3390/mi10060414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have found a wide range of applications in clinical therapeutic and diagnostic fields. However, currently most NPs are still in the preclinical evaluation phase with few approved for clinical use. Microfluidic systems can simulate dynamic fluid flows, chemical gradients, partitioning of multi-organs as well as local microenvironment controls, offering an efficient and cost-effective opportunity to fast screen NPs in physiologically relevant conditions. Here, in this review, we are focusing on summarizing key microfluidic platforms promising to mimic in vivo situations and test the performance of fabricated nanoparticles. Firstly, we summarize the key evaluation parameters of NPs which can affect their delivery efficacy, followed by highlighting the importance of microfluidic-based NP evaluation. Next, we will summarize main microfluidic systems effective in evaluating NP haemocompatibility, transport, uptake and toxicity, targeted accumulation and general efficacy respectively, and discuss the future directions for NP evaluation in microfluidic systems. The combination of nanoparticles and microfluidic technologies could greatly facilitate the development of drug delivery strategies and provide novel treatments and diagnostic techniques for clinically challenging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derui Zhu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
| | - Qifu Long
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
| | - Jiangwa Xing
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
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18
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Sticker D, Rothbauer M, Ehgartner J, Steininger C, Liske O, Liska R, Neuhaus W, Mayr T, Haraldsson T, Kutter JP, Ertl P. Oxygen Management at the Microscale: A Functional Biochip Material with Long-Lasting and Tunable Oxygen Scavenging Properties for Cell Culture Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:9730-9739. [PMID: 30747515 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen plays a pivotal role in cellular homeostasis, and its partial pressure determines cellular function and fate. Consequently, the ability to control oxygen tension is a critical parameter for recreating physiologically relevant in vitro culture conditions for mammalian cells and microorganisms. Despite its importance, most microdevices and organ-on-a-chip systems to date overlook oxygen gradient parameters because controlling oxygen often requires bulky and expensive external instrumental setups. To overcome this limitation, we have adapted an off-stoichiometric thiol-ene-epoxy polymer to efficiently remove dissolved oxygen to below 1 hPa and also integrated this modified polymer into a functional biochip material. The relevance of using an oxygen scavenging material in microfluidics is that it makes it feasible to readily control oxygen depletion rates inside the biochip by simply changing the surface-to-volume aspect ratio of the microfluidic channel network as well as by changing the temperature and curing times during the fabrication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drago Sticker
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9 , 1060 Vienna , Austria
| | - Josef Ehgartner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | | | - Olga Liske
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9 , 1060 Vienna , Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9 , 1060 Vienna , Austria
| | - Winfried Neuhaus
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH , Muthgasse 11 , 1190 Vienna , Austria
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Tommy Haraldsson
- Micro and Nanosystems , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Brinellvägen 8 , 114 28 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jörg P Kutter
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9 , 1060 Vienna , Austria
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19
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He Z, Ranganathan N, Li P. Evaluating nanomedicine with microfluidics. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:492001. [PMID: 30215611 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aae18a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicines are engineered nanoscale structures that have an extensive range of application in the diagnosis and therapy of many diseases. Despite the rapid progress in and tremendous potential of nanomedicines, their clinical translational process is still slow, owing to the difficulty in understanding, evaluating, and predicting their behavior in complex living organisms. Microfluidic techniques offer a promising way to resolve these challenges. Carefully designed microfluidic chips enable in vivo microenvironment simulation and high-throughput analysis, thus providing robust platforms for nanomedicine evaluation. Here, we summarize the recent developments and achievements in microfluidic methods for nanomedicine evaluation, categorized into four sections based on their target systems: single cell, multicellular system, organ, and organism levels. Finally, we provide our perspectives on the challenges and future directions of microfluidics-based nanomedicine evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi He
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
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20
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Peter B, Lagzi I, Teraji S, Nakanishi H, Cervenak L, Zámbó D, Deák A, Molnár K, Truszka M, Szekacs I, Horvath R. Interaction of Positively Charged Gold Nanoparticles with Cancer Cells Monitored by an in Situ Label-Free Optical Biosensor and Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:26841-26850. [PMID: 30022664 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) can penetrate into living cells and vesicles, opening up an extensive range of novel directions. For example, NPs are intensively employed in targeted drug delivery and biomedical imaging. However, the real-time kinetics and dynamics of NP-living cell interactions remained uncovered. In this study, we in situ monitored the cellular uptake of gold NPs-functionalized with positively charged alkaline thiol-into surface-adhered cancer cells, by using a high-throughput label-free optical biosensor employing resonant waveguide gratings. The characteristic kinetic curves upon NP exposure of cell-coated biosensor surfaces were recorded and compared to the kinetics of NP adsorption onto bare sensor surfaces. We demonstrated that from the above kinetic information, one can conclude about the interactions between the living cells and the NPs. Real-time biosensor data suggested the cellular uptake of the functionalized NPs by an active process. It was found that positively charged particles penetrate into the cells more effectively than negatively charged control particles, and the optimal size for the cellular uptake of the positively charged particles is around 5 nm. These conclusions were obtained in a cost-effective, fast, and high-throughput manner. The fate of the NPs was further revealed by electron microscopy on NP-exposed and subsequently fixed cells, well confirming the results obtained by the biosensor. Moreover, an ultrastructural study demonstrated the involvement of the endosomal-lysosomal system in the uptake of functionalized NPs and suggested the type of the internalization pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Istvan Lagzi
- Department of Physics , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budafoki út 8 , Budapest H-1111 , Hungary
- MTA-BME Condensed Matter Research Group , Budafoki út 8 , Budapest H-1111 , Hungary
| | - Satoshi Teraji
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology , Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki , Kyoto 606-8585 , Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakanishi
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology , Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki , Kyoto 606-8585 , Japan
| | - Laszlo Cervenak
- Research Laboratory, 3rd Department of Medicine , Semmelweis University , H-1085 Budapest , Hungary
- Research Group of Immunology and Hematology , Hungarian Academy of Science , Kútvölgyi út 4. , H-1125 Budapest , Hungary
| | | | | | - Kinga Molnár
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology , Eötvös Loránd University , Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Monika Truszka
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology , Eötvös Loránd University , Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary
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21
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Zirath H, Rothbauer M, Spitz S, Bachmann B, Jordan C, Müller B, Ehgartner J, Priglinger E, Mühleder S, Redl H, Holnthoner W, Harasek M, Mayr T, Ertl P. Every Breath You Take: Non-invasive Real-Time Oxygen Biosensing in Two- and Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Cell Models. Front Physiol 2018; 9:815. [PMID: 30018569 PMCID: PMC6037982 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on the availability of dissolved oxygen inside microfluidic cell culture systems is vital for recreating physiological-relevant microenvironments and for providing reliable and reproducible measurement conditions. It is important to highlight that in vivo cells experience a diverse range of oxygen tensions depending on the resident tissue type, which can also be recreated in vitro using specialized cell culture instruments that regulate external oxygen concentrations. While cell-culture conditions can be readily adjusted using state-of-the-art incubators, the control of physiological-relevant microenvironments within the microfluidic chip, however, requires the integration of oxygen sensors. Although several sensing approaches have been reported to monitor oxygen levels in the presence of cell monolayers, oxygen demands of microfluidic three-dimensional (3D)-cell cultures and spatio-temporal variations of oxygen concentrations inside two-dimensional (2D) and 3D cell culture systems are still largely unknown. To gain a better understanding on available oxygen levels inside organ-on-a-chip systems, we have therefore developed two different microfluidic devices containing embedded sensor arrays to monitor local oxygen levels to investigate (i) oxygen consumption rates of 2D and 3D hydrogel-based cell cultures, (ii) the establishment of oxygen gradients within cell culture chambers, and (iii) influence of microfluidic material (e.g., gas tight vs. gas permeable), surface coatings, cell densities, and medium flow rate on the respiratory activities of four different cell types. We demonstrate how dynamic control of cyclic normoxic-hypoxic cell microenvironments can be readily accomplished using programmable flow profiles employing both gas-impermeable and gas-permeable microfluidic biochips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Zirath
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Spitz
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bachmann
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Jordan
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Müller
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Josef Ehgartner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eleni Priglinger
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Severin Mühleder
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holnthoner
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Harasek
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Bachmann B, Spitz S, Rothbauer M, Jordan C, Purtscher M, Zirath H, Schuller P, Eilenberger C, Ali SF, Mühleder S, Priglinger E, Harasek M, Redl H, Holnthoner W, Ertl P. Engineering of three-dimensional pre-vascular networks within fibrin hydrogel constructs by microfluidic control over reciprocal cell signaling. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:042216. [PMID: 29983840 PMCID: PMC6010359 DOI: 10.1063/1.5027054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Reengineering functional vascular networks in vitro remains an integral part in tissue engineering, since the incorporation of non-perfused tissues results in restricted nutrient supply and limited waste removal. Microfluidic devices are routinely used to mimic both physiological and pathological vascular microenvironments. Current procedures either involve the investigation of growth factor gradients and interstitial flow on endothelial cell sprouting alone or on the heterotypic cell-cell interactions between endothelial and mural cells. However, limited research has been conducted on the influence of flow on co-cultures of these cells. Here, we exploited the ability of microfluidics to create and monitor spatiotemporal gradients to investigate the influence of growth factor supply and elution on vascularization using static as well as indirect and direct flow setups. Co-cultures of human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells embedded in fibrin hydrogels were found to be severely affected by diffusion limited growth factor gradients as well as by elution of reciprocal signaling molecules during both static and flow conditions. Static cultures formed pre-vascular networks up to a depth of 4 mm into the construct with subsequent decline due to diffusion limitation. In contrast, indirect flow conditions enhanced endothelial cell sprouting but failed to form vascular networks. Additionally, complete inhibition of pre-vascular network formation was observable for direct application of flow through the hydrogel with decline of endothelial cell viability after seven days. Using finite volume CFD simulations of different sized molecules vital for pre-vascular network formation into and out of the hydrogel constructs, we found that interstitial flow enhances growth factor supply to the cells in the bulk of the chamber but elutes cellular secretome, resulting in truncated, premature vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mario Rothbauer
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Jordan
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Purtscher
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helene Zirath
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Schuller
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Eilenberger
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Michael Harasek
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Peter Ertl
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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23
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Current developments and applications of microfluidic technology toward clinical translation of nanomedicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 128:54-83. [PMID: 28801093 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems hold great potential for the therapy of many diseases, especially cancer. However, the translation of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems from academic research to industrial and clinical practice has been slow. This slow translation can be ascribed to the high batch-to-batch variations and insufficient production rate of the conventional preparation methods, and the lack of technologies for rapid screening of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems with high correlation to the in vivo tests. These issues can be addressed by the microfluidic technologies. For example, microfluidics can not only produce nanoparticles in a well-controlled, reproducible, and high-throughput manner, but also create 3D environments with continuous flow to mimic the physiological and/or pathological processes. This review provides an overview of the microfluidic devices developed to prepare nanoparticulate drug delivery systems, including drug nanosuspensions, polymer nanoparticles, polyplexes, structured nanoparticles and theranostic nanoparticles. We also highlight the recent advances of microfluidic systems in fabricating the increasingly realistic models of the in vivo milieu for rapid screening of nanoparticles. Overall, the microfluidic technologies offer a promise approach to accelerate the clinical translation of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems.
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24
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Charwat V, Olmos Calvo I, Rothbauer M, Kratz SRA, Jungreuthmayer C, Zanghellini J, Grillari J, Ertl P. Combinatorial in Vitro and in Silico Approach To Describe Shear-Force Dependent Uptake of Nanoparticles in Microfluidic Vascular Models. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3651-3655. [PMID: 29478320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we combine experimental and computational methods to define the critical shear stress as an alternative parameter for nanotoxicological and nanomedical evaluations using an in vitro microfluidic vascular model. We demonstrate that our complementary in vitro and in silico approach is well suited to assess the fluid flow velocity above which clathrin-mediated (active) nanoparticle uptake per cell decreases drastically although higher numbers of nanoparticles per cell are introduced. Results of our study revealed a critical shear stress of 1.8 dyn/cm2, where maximum active cellular nanoparticle uptake took place, followed by a 70% decrease in uptake of 249 nm nanoparticles at 10 dyn/cm2, respectively. The observed nonlinear relationship between flow velocity and nanoparticle uptake strongly suggests that fluid mechanical forces also need to be considered in order to predict potential in vivo distribution, bioaccumulation, and clearance of nanomaterials and novel nanodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Charwat
- Department of Biotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna , Austria
| | - Isabel Olmos Calvo
- Department of Medicine III , Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry , Vienna University of Technology , Vienna , Austria
| | | | | | - Jürgen Zanghellini
- Department of Biotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna , Austria.,ACIB - Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology , Vienna , Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Department of Biotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna , Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry , Vienna University of Technology , Vienna , Austria
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25
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Sibbitts J, Sellens KA, Jia S, Klasner SA, Culbertson CT. Cellular Analysis Using Microfluidics. Anal Chem 2017; 90:65-85. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Sibbitts
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Kathleen A. Sellens
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Shu Jia
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Scott A. Klasner
- 12966
South
State Highway 94, Marthasville, Missouri 63357, United States
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26
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Rothbauer M, Patel N, Gondola H, Siwetz M, Huppertz B, Ertl P. A comparative study of five physiological key parameters between four different human trophoblast-derived cell lines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5892. [PMID: 28724925 PMCID: PMC5517571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human placenta plays a crucial role as the interface between mother and fetus. It represents a unique tissue that undergoes morphological as well as functional changes on the cellular and tissue level throughout pregnancy. To better understand how the placenta works, a variety of techniques has been developed to re-create this complex physiological barrier in vitro. However, due to the low availability of freshly isolated primary cells, choriocarcinoma cell lines remain the usual suspects as in vitro models for placental research. Here, we present a comparative study on the functional aspects of the choriocarcinoma cell lines BeWo, JAR and Jeg-3, as well as the first trimester trophoblast cell line ACH-3P as placental in vitro barrier models for endocrine and transport studies. Functional assays including tight junction immunostaining, sodium fluorescein retardation, trans epithelial resistance, glucose transport, hormone secretion as well as size-dependent polystyrene nanoparticle transport were performed using the four cell types to evaluate key functional parameters of each cell line to act a relevant in vitro placental barrier model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rothbauer
- Vienna University of Technology, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry & Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nilaykumar Patel
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hajnalka Gondola
- Vienna University of Technology, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry & Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Siwetz
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Harrachgasse 21/VII, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Harrachgasse 21/VII, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Vienna University of Technology, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry & Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
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27
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McCormick SC, Kriel FH, Ivask A, Tong Z, Lombi E, Voelcker NH, Priest C. The Use of Microfluidics in Cytotoxicity and Nanotoxicity Experiments. MICROMACHINES 2017. [PMCID: PMC6190054 DOI: 10.3390/mi8040124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Many unique chemical compounds and nanomaterials are being developed, and each one requires a considerable range of in vitro and/or in vivo toxicity screening in order to evaluate their safety. The current methodology of in vitro toxicological screening on cells is based on well-plate assays that require time-consuming manual handling or expensive automation to gather enough meaningful toxicology data. Cost reduction; access to faster, more comprehensive toxicity data; and a robust platform capable of quantitative testing, will be essential in evaluating the safety of new chemicals and nanomaterials, and, at the same time, in securing the confidence of regulators and end-users. Microfluidic chips offer an alternative platform for toxicity screening that has the potential to transform both the rates and efficiency of nanomaterial testing, as reviewed here. The inherent advantages of microfluidic technologies offer high-throughput screening with small volumes of analytes, parallel analyses, and low-cost fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. McCormick
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Blvd., Mawson Lakes, 5098 SA, Australia; (S.C.M.); (F.H.K.); (A.I.); (Z.T.); (E.L.); (N.H.V.)
| | - Frederik H. Kriel
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Blvd., Mawson Lakes, 5098 SA, Australia; (S.C.M.); (F.H.K.); (A.I.); (Z.T.); (E.L.); (N.H.V.)
| | - Angela Ivask
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Blvd., Mawson Lakes, 5098 SA, Australia; (S.C.M.); (F.H.K.); (A.I.); (Z.T.); (E.L.); (N.H.V.)
| | - Ziqiu Tong
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Blvd., Mawson Lakes, 5098 SA, Australia; (S.C.M.); (F.H.K.); (A.I.); (Z.T.); (E.L.); (N.H.V.)
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Enzo Lombi
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Blvd., Mawson Lakes, 5098 SA, Australia; (S.C.M.); (F.H.K.); (A.I.); (Z.T.); (E.L.); (N.H.V.)
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Blvd., Mawson Lakes, 5098 SA, Australia; (S.C.M.); (F.H.K.); (A.I.); (Z.T.); (E.L.); (N.H.V.)
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Craig Priest
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Blvd., Mawson Lakes, 5098 SA, Australia; (S.C.M.); (F.H.K.); (A.I.); (Z.T.); (E.L.); (N.H.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8302-5146
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