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Sun Z, Li X, Shi Y, Yao Y. LncRNA PVT1 facilitates the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer by sponging with miR-3619-5p to regulate TRIM29 expression. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2085. [PMID: 38837682 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in many malignant tumors. This study aimed to clarify the role of the lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) in CRC growth and metastasis. METHODS Differentially expressed lncRNAs in CRC were analyzed using the Cancer Genome Atlas. Gene expression profiling interactive analysis and a comprehensive resource for lncRNAs from cancer arrays databases were used to analyze lncRNA PVT1 expression and CRC prognosis, respectively. Cell counting kit-8, wound healing, colony formation, Transwell, and immunofluorescence assays were used to evaluate CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), respectively. Tumor growth and metastasis models were used to explore the PVT1 effect on the growth and metastasis of CRC in vivo. RESULTS PVT1 was highly expressed in CRC, associated with a poor prognosis of CRC, and showed good diagnostic value. Transfection of sh-PVT1 or pcDNA3.1-PVT1 reduced or increased the proliferation, wound healing rate, colony formation, invasion, and EMT of CRC cells. PVT1 and miR-3619-5p were co-expressed in CRC cytoplasm, and PVT1 acted as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR-3619-5p to up-regulate tripartite motif containing 29 (TRIM29) expression. MiR-3619-5p overexpression and TRIM29 knockdown reduced proliferation, wound healing rate, invasion, and EMT of CRC cells. However, simultaneous PVT1 and miR-3619-5p overexpression or knockdown of miR-3619-5p and TRIM29 knockdown rescued the malignant phenotype of CRC cells. CONCLUSIONS We first clarified the ceRNA mechanism of PVT1 in CRC, which induced growth and metastasis by sponging with miR-3619-5p to regulate TRIM29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenni Sun
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Medical College of Qingdao University Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xutong Li
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Medical College of Qingdao University Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Shi
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao women and children's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yasai Yao
- Department of Medical oncology, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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2
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Shahraki K, Najafi A, Ilkhani Pak V, Shahraki K, Ghasemi Boroumand P, Sheervalilou R. The Traces of Dysregulated lncRNAs-Associated ceRNA Axes in Retinoblastoma: A Systematic Scope Review. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:551-564. [PMID: 38299506 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2306859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long non-coding RNAs are an essential component of competing endogenous RNA regulatory axes and play their role by sponging microRNAs and interfering with the regulation of gene expression. Because of the broadness of competing endogenous RNA interaction networks, they may help investigate treatment targets in complicated disorders. METHODS This study performed a systematic scoping review to assess verified loops of competing endogenous RNAs in retinoblastoma, emphasizing the competing endogenous RNAs axis related to long non-coding RNAs. We used a six-stage approach framework and the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search of seven databases was done to locate suitable papers published before February 2022. Two reviewers worked independently to screen articles and collect data. RESULTS Out of 363 records, fifty-one articles met the inclusion criteria, and sixty-three axes were identified in desired articles. The majority of the research reported several long non-coding RNAs that were experimentally verified to act as competing endogenous RNAs in retinoblastoma: XIST/NEAT1/MALAT1/SNHG16/KCNQ1OT1, respectively. At the same time, around half of the studies investigated unique long non-coding RNAs. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the many features of this regulatory system may aid in elucidating the unknown etiology of Retinoblastoma and providing novel molecular targets for therapeutic and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Shahraki
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alzahra Eye Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Amin Najafi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Vida Ilkhani Pak
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kianoush Shahraki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alzahra Eye Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Paria Ghasemi Boroumand
- ENT, Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Wang T, He M, Zhang X, Guo Z, Wang P, Long F. Deciphering the impact of circRNA-mediated autophagy on tumor therapeutic resistance: a novel perspective. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:60. [PMID: 38671354 PMCID: PMC11046940 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapeutic resistance remains a significant challenge in the pursuit of effective treatment strategies. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs, have recently emerged as key regulators of various biological processes, including cancer progression and drug resistance. This review highlights the emerging role of circRNAs-mediated autophagy in cancer therapeutic resistance, a cellular process that plays a dual role in cancer by promoting both cell survival and death. Increasing evidence suggests that circRNAs can modulate autophagy pathways, thereby influencing the response of cancer cells to therapeutic agents. In this context, the intricate interplay between circRNAs, autophagy, and therapeutic resistance is explored. Various mechanisms are discussed through which circRNAs can impact autophagy, including direct interactions with autophagy-related genes, modulation of signaling pathways, and cross-talk with other non-coding RNAs. Furthermore, the review delves into specific examples of how circRNA-mediated autophagy regulation can contribute to resistance against chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Understanding these intricate molecular interactions provides valuable insights into potential strategies for overcoming therapeutic resistance in cancer. Exploiting circRNAs as therapeutic targets or utilizing them as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers opens new avenues for developing personalized treatment approaches. In summary, this review underscores the importance of circRNA-mediated autophagy in cancer therapeutic resistance and proposes future directions for research in this exciting and rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Clinical Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mengjie He
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhixun Guo
- Department of Clinical Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Pinghan Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Fangyi Long
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Salgado I, Prado Montes de Oca E, Chairez I, Figueroa-Yáñez L, Pereira-Santana A, Rivera Chávez A, Velázquez-Fernandez JB, Alvarado Parra T, Vallejo A. Deep Learning Techniques to Characterize the RPS28P7 Pseudogene and the Metazoa-SRP Gene as Drug Potential Targets in Pancreatic Cancer Patients. Biomedicines 2024; 12:395. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular explanation about why some pancreatic cancer (PaCa) patients die early and others die later is poorly understood. This study aimed to discover potential novel markers and drug targets that could be useful to stratify and extend expected survival in prospective early-death patients. We deployed a deep learning algorithm and analyzed the gene copy number, gene expression, and protein expression data of death versus alive PaCa patients from the GDC cohort. The genes with higher relative amplification (copy number >4 times in the dead compared with the alive group) were EWSR1, FLT3, GPC3, HIF1A, HLF, and MEN1. The most highly up-regulated genes (>8.5-fold change) in the death group were RPL30, RPL37, RPS28P7, RPS11, Metazoa_SRP, CAPNS1, FN1, H3−3B, LCN2, and OAZ1. None of their corresponding proteins were up or down-regulated in the death group. The mRNA of the RPS28P7 pseudogene could act as ceRNA sponging the miRNA that was originally directed to the parental gene RPS28. We propose RPS28P7 mRNA as the most druggable target that can be modulated with small molecules or the RNA technology approach. These markers could be added as criteria to patient stratification in future PaCa drug trials, but further validation in the target populations is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Salgado
- Medical Robotics and Biosignals Laboratory, Centro de Innovación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 07700, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Prado Montes de Oca
- Regulatory SNPs Laboratory, Personalized Medicine National Laboratory (LAMPER), Guadalajara Unit, Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Research Center in Technology and Design Assistance of Jalisco State (CIATEJ), National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Isaac Chairez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luis Figueroa-Yáñez
- Industrial Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Pereira-Santana
- Industrial Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Andrés Rivera Chávez
- Regulatory SNPs Laboratory, Personalized Medicine National Laboratory (LAMPER), Guadalajara Unit, Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Research Center in Technology and Design Assistance of Jalisco State (CIATEJ), National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Teresa Alvarado Parra
- Regulatory SNPs Laboratory, Personalized Medicine National Laboratory (LAMPER), Guadalajara Unit, Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Research Center in Technology and Design Assistance of Jalisco State (CIATEJ), National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Adriana Vallejo
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT-Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnologia y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco AC, Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
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5
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Salgado I, Prado Montes de Oca E, Chairez I, Figueroa-Yáñez L, Pereira-Santana A, Rivera Chávez A, Velázquez-Fernandez JB, Alvarado Parra T, Vallejo A. Deep Learning Techniques to Characterize the RPS28P7 Pseudogene and the Metazoa- SRP Gene as Drug Potential Targets in Pancreatic Cancer Patients. Biomedicines 2024; 12:395. [PMID: 38397997 PMCID: PMC11154313 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular explanation about why some pancreatic cancer (PaCa) patients die early and others die later is poorly understood. This study aimed to discover potential novel markers and drug targets that could be useful to stratify and extend expected survival in prospective early-death patients. We deployed a deep learning algorithm and analyzed the gene copy number, gene expression, and protein expression data of death versus alive PaCa patients from the GDC cohort. The genes with higher relative amplification (copy number >4 times in the dead compared with the alive group) were EWSR1, FLT3, GPC3, HIF1A, HLF, and MEN1. The most highly up-regulated genes (>8.5-fold change) in the death group were RPL30, RPL37, RPS28P7, RPS11, Metazoa_SRP, CAPNS1, FN1, H3-3B, LCN2, and OAZ1. None of their corresponding proteins were up or down-regulated in the death group. The mRNA of the RPS28P7 pseudogene could act as ceRNA sponging the miRNA that was originally directed to the parental gene RPS28. We propose RPS28P7 mRNA as the most druggable target that can be modulated with small molecules or the RNA technology approach. These markers could be added as criteria to patient stratification in future PaCa drug trials, but further validation in the target populations is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Salgado
- Medical Robotics and Biosignals Laboratory, Centro de Innovación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 07700, Mexico;
| | - Ernesto Prado Montes de Oca
- Regulatory SNPs Laboratory, Personalized Medicine National Laboratory (LAMPER), Guadalajara Unit, Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Research Center in Technology and Design Assistance of Jalisco State (CIATEJ), National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.R.C.); (T.A.P.)
| | - Isaac Chairez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Luis Figueroa-Yáñez
- Industrial Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.F.-Y.); (A.P.-S.)
| | - Alejandro Pereira-Santana
- Industrial Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.F.-Y.); (A.P.-S.)
| | - Andrés Rivera Chávez
- Regulatory SNPs Laboratory, Personalized Medicine National Laboratory (LAMPER), Guadalajara Unit, Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Research Center in Technology and Design Assistance of Jalisco State (CIATEJ), National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.R.C.); (T.A.P.)
| | | | - Teresa Alvarado Parra
- Regulatory SNPs Laboratory, Personalized Medicine National Laboratory (LAMPER), Guadalajara Unit, Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Research Center in Technology and Design Assistance of Jalisco State (CIATEJ), National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.R.C.); (T.A.P.)
| | - Adriana Vallejo
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT-Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnologia y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco AC, Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
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6
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Liu B, Liu L, Sulaiman Z, Wang C, Wang L, Zhu J, Liu S, Cheng Z. Comprehensive analysis of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network and key genes in granulosa cells of patients with biochemical primary ovarian insufficiency. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:15-29. [PMID: 37847421 PMCID: PMC10789704 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a common condition leading to the pathological decline of ovarian function in women of reproductive age, resulting in amenorrhea, hypogonadism, and infertility. Biochemical premature ovarian insufficiency (bPOI) is an intermediate stage in the pathogenesis of POI in which the fertility of patients has been reduced. Previous studies suggest that granulosa cells (GCs) play an essential role in the pathogenesis of POI, but their pathogenetic mechanisms remain unclear. To further explore the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of GCs in POI, we constructed a molecular long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-microRNA (miRNA)-messenger RNA (mRNA) network using GC expression data collected from biochemical premature ovarian failure (bPOI) patients in the GEO database. We discovered that the GCs of bPOI patients had differential expression of 131 mRNAs, 191 lncRNAs, and 28 miRNAs. By systematic network analysis, we identified six key genes, including SRSF1, PDIA5, NEURL1B, UNK, CELF2, and CFL2, and five hub miRNAs, namely hsa-miR-27a-3p, hsa-miR-24-3p, hsa-miR-22-3p, hsa-miR-129-5p, and hsa-miR-17-5p, and the results suggest that the expression of these key genes may be regulated by two hub miRNAs, hsa-miR-27a-3p and hsa-miR-17-5p. Additionally, a POI model in vitro was created to confirm the expression of a few important genes. In this study, we discovered a unique lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network based on the ceRNA mechanism in bPOI for the first time, and we screened important associated molecules, providing a partial theoretical foundation to better understand the pathogenesis of POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biting Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Institute of Gynecological Minimally Invasive Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zubaidan Sulaiman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Institute of Gynecological Minimally Invasive Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jihui Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Institute of Gynecological Minimally Invasive Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Shupeng Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Institute of Gynecological Minimally Invasive Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Zhongping Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Institute of Gynecological Minimally Invasive Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Soni N, Nandi G, Chaudhary M, Bissa B. The role of ncRNA in the co-regulation of autophagy and exosome pathways during cancer progression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119523. [PMID: 37348764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery a few decades ago, autophagy has been recognized as a crucial signaling pathway, linked to the recycling of cellular components in nutrient stress. Autophagy is a two-way sword, playing a dual role in tumorigenesis. In this catabolic process, dysfunctional organelles, biomolecules, and misfolded proteins are sequestered in the autophagosome and sent to the lysosome for degradation. Alongside, there are cellular messengers called exosomes, which are released from cells and are known to communicate and regulate metabolism in recipient cells. Multivesicular bodies (MVB) act as the intricate link between autophagy and exosome pathways. The continuous crosstalk between the two pathways is coordinated and regulated by multiple players among which ncRNA is the emerging candidates. The exosomes carry varied cargo of which non-coding RNA exerts an immediate regulatory effect on recipient cells. ncRNA is known to exhibit dual behavior in both promoting and inhibiting tumor growth. There is increasing evidence for the involvement of ncRNAs' in the regulation of different hallmarks of cancer. Different ncRNAs are involved in the co-regulation of autophagy and exosome pathways and therefore represent a superior therapeutic approach to target cancer chemoresistance. Here, we will discuss the ncRNA involved in regulating autophagy, and exosomes pathways and its relevance in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Soni
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gargi Nandi
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Megha Chaudhary
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bhawana Bissa
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
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8
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Metur SP, Lei Y, Zhang Z, Klionsky DJ. Regulation of autophagy gene expression and its implications in cancer. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260631. [PMID: 37199330 PMCID: PMC10214848 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic cellular process that targets and eliminates superfluous cytoplasmic components via lysosomal degradation. This evolutionarily conserved process is tightly regulated at multiple levels as it is critical for the maintenance of homeostasis. Research in the past decade has established that dysregulation of autophagy plays a major role in various diseases, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. However, modulation of autophagy as a therapeutic strategy requires identification of key players that can fine tune the induction of autophagy without complete abrogation. In this Review, we summarize the recent discoveries on the mechanism of regulation of ATG (autophagy related) gene expression at the level of transcription, post transcription and translation. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the role of aberrant expression of ATG genes in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shree Padma Metur
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuchen Lei
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhihai Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Luo ZD, Wang YF, Zhao YX, Yu LC, Li T, Fan YJ, Zeng SJ, Zhang YL, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Emerging roles of non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer oxaliplatin resistance and liquid biopsy potential. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1-18. [PMID: 36683709 PMCID: PMC9850945 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies of the digestive tract, with the annual incidence and mortality increasing consistently. Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy is a preferred therapeutic regimen for patients with advanced CRC. However, most patients will inevitably develop resistance to oxaliplatin. Many studies have reported that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, are extensively involved in cancer progression. Moreover, emerging evidence has revealed that ncRNAs mediate chemoresistance to oxaliplatin by transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, and by epigenetic modification. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which ncRNAs regulate the initiation and development of CRC chemoresistance to oxaliplatin. Furthermore, we investigate the clinical application of ncRNAs as promising biomarkers for liquid CRC biopsy. This review provides new insights into overcoming oxaliplatin resistance in CRC by targeting ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Dong Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Long-Chen Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying-Jing Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shun-Jie Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan-Li Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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Azizidoost S, Ghaedrahmati F, Sheykhi-Sabzehpoush M, Uddin S, Ghafourian M, Mousavi Salehi A, Keivan M, Cheraghzadeh M, Nazeri Z, Farzaneh M, Khoshnam SE. The role of LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 in human cancer. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023; 25:33-47. [PMID: 36002764 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02904-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) play pivotal roles in every level of gene and genome regulation. MCM3AP-AS1 is a lncRNA that has an oncogenic role in several kinds of cancers. Aberrant expression of MCM3AP-AS1 has been reported to be involved in the progression of diverse malignancies, including colorectal, cervical, prostate, lymphoma, lung, ovary, liver, bone, and breast cancers. It is generally believed that MCM3AP-AS1 expression is associated with cancer cell growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. MCM3AP-AS1 by targeting various signaling pathways and microRNAs (miRNAs) presents an important role in cancer pathogenesis. MCM3AP-AS1 as a competitive endogenous RNA has the ability to sponge miRNA, inhibit their expressions, and bind to different target mRNAs related to cancer development. Therefore, MCM3AP-AS1 by targeting several signaling pathways, including the FOX family, Wnt, EGF, and VEGF can be a potent target for cancer prediction and diagnosis. In this review, we will summarize the role of MCM3AP-AS1 in various human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Azizidoost
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mehri Ghafourian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abdolah Mousavi Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mona Keivan
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Cheraghzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Nazeri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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11
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Li J, Xu J, Zheng S, Cheng S. LncRNA LINC02535 Induces Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Progression via Modulating miR-30d-5p/CHD1. Mol Biotechnol 2022:10.1007/s12033-022-00628-4. [PMID: 36577835 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence has suggested that lncRNAs play a significant role in the development of colorectal adenocarcinoma. LncRNA LINC02535 was a potential novel lncRNA marker of neoplastic processes of the colon. Nevertheless, the function and mechanisms of LINC02535 in colorectal adenocarcinoma remain unclear. Proteins levels were measured by western blotting. EdU, CCK-8, Transwell, and wound healing assays were performed to investigate the function of LINC02535 in colorectal adenocarcinoma. The distribution of LINC02535 in cells was evaluated by subcellular fractionation assay. The interaction among RNAs was identified by luciferase reporter and RIP assays. In this study, our findings revealed that LINC02535 was highly expressed in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Knockdown of LINC02535 inhibited colorectal adenocarcinoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, LINC02535 bound with miR-30d-5p and worked as a competing endogenous RNA to facilitate the expression of messenger RNA chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 1 (CHD1). miR-30d-5p directly targeted the sequence of CHD1 3'-untranslated region. Notably, CHD1 upregulation abolished the suppressive influence of LINC02535 inhibition on the malignant phenotypes of colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Overall, it was disclosed that LINC02535 played an oncogenic role in colorectal adenocarcinoma progression by sponging miR-30d-5p to upregulate CHD1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiguang Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xian'an District, No. 228, Jingui Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, China
| | - Sen Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xian'an District, No. 228, Jingui Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, China.
| | - Si Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xian'an District, No. 228, Jingui Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, China.
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12
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Zhao X, Yin S, Shi J, Zheng M, He C, Meng H, Han Y, Chen J, Han J, Yuan Z, Wang Y. The association between several autophagy-related genes and their prognostic values in hepatocellular carcinoma: a study on the foundation of TCGA, GEPIA and HPA databases. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10269-10277. [PMID: 36097121 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07426-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of autophagy-related genes and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS AND RESULTS We selected three autophagy-related genes (ATG3, ATG7, and ATG9A) from gene expression data of liver cancer patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) databases were applied to testify the credibility of our results. The expression levels of ATG3, ATG7, and ATG9A were verified by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in normal liver cells (L02) and three HCC cell lines (HepG2, Hep3b, and Li-7). Data analysis results from TCGA showed high ATG3, ATG7, ATG9A expression in HCC tumor tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the survival rate of the high expression group of ATG3, ATG7, and ATG9A was all significantly lower than the low expression group. GSEA analysis showed that many signaling pathways (such as the regulation of autophagy, glycine serine and threonine metabolism, pathways in cancer, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, as well as P53 signaling pathway) were differentially enriched in HCCs with ATG3, ATG7, and ATG9A expression. GEPIA and RT-qPCR also identified that the mRNA expression level of ATG3, ATG7, and ATG9A in normal liver cells were significantly lower than in HCC cells. High protein expression of ATG3, ATG7, and ATG9A was displayed in HCCs from the HPA database. CONCLUSIONS The ATG3, ATG7, ATG9A might be utilized as prognostic biomarkers for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhao
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Shangqi Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100015, Beijing, China
| | - Jingren Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100015, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100015, Beijing, China
| | - Chaonan He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100015, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100015, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100015, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100015, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyu Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100015, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengrong Yuan
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China.
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100015, Beijing, China.
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13
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Zhang T, Liu GY, Cao JL, Li YN, Xue H, Wu HT, Jin CH. Peimine-induced apoptosis and inhibition of migration by regulating reactive oxygen species-mediated MAPK/STAT3/NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in gastric cancer MKN-45 cells. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1683-1696. [PMID: 36048972 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Peimine (PM), a natural product extracted from Fritillaria, has anti-inflammatory, drug resistance reversal, and other pharmacological effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antitumor effects and the molecular mechanisms of PM using gastric cancer MKN-45 cells. Cell counting kit-8 assays were used to evaluate the viability of gastric cancer cells after treatment with PM. The results showed that PM significantly reduced the activity of gastric cancer cells, and the effect was most obvious in MKN-45 cells. Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry were used to assess apoptosis of MKN-45 cells after PM treatment. Our results showed that PM-induced apoptosis of MKN-45 cells. Flow cytometry was also used to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and to assess PM-induced cell-cycle arrest. Additionally, Western blot was used to analyze the expression of signaling pathway proteins and the relationship between apoptosis and ROS accumulation. Our findings showed that PM destroyed the mitochondria by diminishing the mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, PM regulated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathways by promoting the accumulation of ROS in MKN-45 cells. PM also caused cell-cycle arrest in the G2/M phase by increasing ROS accumulation. Furthermore, PM inhibited cell migration by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In conclusion, PM plays an anticancer role through endogenous apoptosis pathways and by inhibiting cell migration, and it has the potential to be a useful treatment for gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Guo-Yan Liu
- Hemodialysis Center, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Jing-Long Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yan-Nan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hai-Tao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.,National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing, China.,Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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14
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Peña-Flores JA, Bermúdez M, Ramos-Payán R, Villegas-Mercado CE, Soto-Barreras U, Muela-Campos D, Álvarez-Ramírez A, Pérez-Aguirre B, Larrinua-Pacheco AD, López-Camarillo C, López-Gutiérrez JA, Garnica-Palazuelos J, Estrada-Macías ME, Cota-Quintero JL, Barraza-Gómez AA. Emerging role of lncRNAs in drug resistance mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:965628. [PMID: 35978835 PMCID: PMC9376329 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.965628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) originates in the squamous cell lining the mucosal surfaces of the head and neck region, including the oral cavity, nasopharynx, tonsils, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. The heterogeneity, anatomical, and functional characteristics of the patient make the HNSCC a complex and difficult-to-treat disease, leading to a poor survival rate and a decreased quality of life due to the loss of important physiologic functions and aggressive surgical injury. Alteration of driver-oncogenic and tumor-suppressing lncRNAs has recently been recently in HNSCC to obtain possible biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches. This review provides current knowledge about the implication of lncRNAs in drug resistance mechanisms in HNSCC. Chemotherapy resistance is a major therapeutic challenge in HNSCC in which lncRNAs are implicated. Lately, it has been shown that lncRNAs involved in autophagy induced by chemotherapy and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) can act as mechanisms of resistance to anticancer drugs. Conversely, lncRNAs involved in mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) are related to chemosensitivity and inhibition of invasiveness of drug-resistant cells. In this regard, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a pivotal role in both processes and are important for cancer detection, progression, diagnosis, therapy response, and prognostic values. As the involvement of more lncRNAs is elucidated in chemoresistance mechanisms, an improvement in diagnostic and prognostic tools could promote an advance in targeted and specific therapies in precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Peña-Flores
- Faculty of Odontology, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Mercedes Bermúdez
- Faculty of Odontology, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Mercedes Bermúdez,
| | - Rosalío Ramos-Payán
- Faculty of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | | | - Uriel Soto-Barreras
- Faculty of Odontology, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jorge A. López-Gutiérrez
- Faculty of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
- Faculty of Biology, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | | | | | - Juan L. Cota-Quintero
- Faculty of Biology, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
- Faculty of Odontology , Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
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15
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Yao F, Huang X, Xie Z, Chen J, Zhang L, Wang Q, Long H, Jiang J, Wu Q. LINC02418 upregulates EPHA2 by competitively sponging miR-372-3p to promote 5-Fu/DDP chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:895-907. [PMID: 35914269 PMCID: PMC9587682 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a huge clinical challenge in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and messenger RNA (mRNA) are involved in CRC chemoresistance. However, the profiles of long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), mRNAs and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks in CRC chemoresistance are still largely unknown. Here, we compared the gene expression profiles in chemosensitive (HCT8) and chemoresistant [HCT8/5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) and HCT8/cisplatin (DDP)] cell lines by whole-transcriptome sequencing. The common differentially expressed RNAs in two drug-resistant cells were selected to construct lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA networks. The ceRNA network closely related to chemoresistance was further established based on the widely accepted drug resistance-associated genes enriched in three signaling pathways involved in chemoresistance. In total 52 lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA pathways were screened out, among which EPHA2 and LINC02418 were identified as hub genes; thus, LINC02418/miR-372-3p/EPHA2 were further selected and proved to affect the 5-Fu and DDP resistance of CRC. Mechanistically, LINC02418 upregulated EPHA2 by functioning as a ‘sponge’ of miR-372-3p to modulate the chemoresistance of CRC. Collectively, our study uncovered the underlying mechanism of LINC02418/miR-372-3p/EPHA2 in 5-Fu and DDP resistance of CRC, which may provide potential therapeutic targets for improving the chemosensitivity of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yao
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.,College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhufu Xie
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Hui Long
- Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Jue Jiang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Qingming Wu
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
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16
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Differential expression profile of mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs reveals potential molecular mechanism in breast cancer. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231581. [PMID: 35852149 PMCID: PMC9338430 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, breast cancer attracts more and more attention because of its high incidence. To explore the molecular functions and mechanisms, we performed RNA sequencing on the tumor tissues and their paired normal tissues from three breast cancer patients. By differential expression analysis, we found 3764 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, 5416 DE lncRNAs, and 148 DE circRNAs. Enrichment analysis suggested that the DE lncRNAs and DE circRNAs were enriched in mitochondria and nucleus, which indicated that they may participate in the vital metabolism directly or indirectly, such as fatty acid metabolism. Subsequently, the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and we got 8 key proteins, of which the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9; degree 5) draws our attention. Based on the 38 up-regulated circRNAs and 14 down-regulated circRNAs, we constructed competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks, from which the has-miR-6794-5p has been identified to enriched in the up-regulated network and correlated with the circNFIX directly. At this point, we presented that the circNFIX and MMP9 may play a significant role by regulating fatty acid metabolism in breast cancer.
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17
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Shan DD, Zheng QX, Wang J, Chen Z. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 functions as a novel biomarker in liver cancer and other tumour progression. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1641-1655. [PMID: 35581965 PMCID: PMC9048787 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i16.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become the most life-threatening disease in the world. Mutations in and aberrant expression of genes encoding proteins and mutations in noncoding RNAs, especially long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have significant effects in human cancers. LncRNAs have no protein-coding ability but function extensively in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 (SNHG3) is a novel lncRNA and has been reported to be differentially expressed in various tumors, such as liver cancer, gastric cancer, and glioma. However, the interaction mechanisms for the regulation between SNHG3 and tumor progression are poorly understood. In this review, we summarize the results of SNHG3 studies in humans, animal models, and cells to underline the expression and role of SNHG3 in cancer. SNHG3 expression is upregulated in most tumors and is detrimental to patient prognosis. SNHG3 expression in lung adenocarcinoma remains controversial. Concurrently, SNHG3 affects oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes through various mechanisms, including competing endogenous RNA effects. A deeper understanding of the contribution of SNHG3 in clinical applications and tumor development may provide a new target for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiu-Xian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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18
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de la Cruz-Ojeda P, Flores-Campos R, Navarro-Villarán E, Muntané J. The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Autophagy During Carcinogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:799392. [PMID: 35309939 PMCID: PMC8926078 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.799392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy herein) is a cellular stress response and a survival pathway involved in self-renewal and quality control processes to maintain cellular homeostasis. The alteration of autophagy has been implicated in numerous diseases such as cancer where it plays a dual role. Autophagy serves as a tumor suppressor in the early phases of cancer formation with the restoration of homeostasis and eliminating cellular altered constituents, yet in later phases, autophagy may support and/or facilitate tumor growth, metastasis and may contribute to treatment resistance. Key components of autophagy interact with either pro- and anti-apoptotic factors regulating the proximity of tumor cells to apoptotic cliff promoting cell survival. Autophagy is regulated by key cell signaling pathways such as Akt (protein kinase B, PKB), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) involved in cell survival and metabolism. The expression of critical members of upstream cell signaling, as well as those directly involved in the autophagic and apoptotic machineries are regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Consequently, non-coding RNAs play a relevant role in carcinogenesis and treatment response in cancer. The review is an update of the current knowledge in the regulation by miRNA and lncRNA of the autophagic components and their functional impact to provide an integrated and comprehensive regulatory network of autophagy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia de la Cruz-Ojeda
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Networked Biomedical Research Center Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD o Ciberehd), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Flores-Campos
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Elena Navarro-Villarán
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Networked Biomedical Research Center Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD o Ciberehd), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntané
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Networked Biomedical Research Center Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD o Ciberehd), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Sheng L, Chen C, Chen Y, He Y, Zhuang R, Gu Y, Yan Q, Li W, Lu C. vFLIP-regulated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks targeting lytic induction for KSHV-associated malignancies. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2766-2775. [PMID: 35149992 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) causes life-long latent infection and malignancies, including Kaposi sarcoma (KS) commonly found in AIDS patients. Lytic replication can be induced to kill tumor cells harboring latent KSHV, through viral cytopathic effects and the subsequent antiviral immune responses. Viral FLICE-inhibitory protein (vFLIP), encoded by KSHV ORF K13, inhibits KSHV lytic reactivation, implying that the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks regulated by vFLIP can be modulated to induce the lytic reactivation of latent KSHV, a promising strategy for KSHV-associated malignancies. Here, we performed whole-transcriptome sequencing to reveal the global landscape of non-coding RNAs and mRNAs in iSLK-RGB-BAC16 cells and iSLK-RGB-K13 mutant cells. It showed that vFLIP regulated 227 differently expressed (DE) lncRNAs, 57 DE circRNAs, 20 DE miRNAs and 1371 DE mRNAs. Enrichment analysis verified that riboflavin metabolism was simultaneously enriched in DE genes related to miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs. The upregulated hsa-miR-378i and hsa-miR-3654, and downregulated miR-4467, miR-3163, miR-4451 and miR-4257 were significantly enriched in the ceRNA complex network, which contained 9 upregulated and 7 downregulated circRNAs, 5 upregulated and 85 downregulated lncRNAs, 5 upregulated and 35 downregulated mRNAs. Finally, we constructed and validated two vFLIP-regulated ceRNA networks: circRNA hsa_circ_0070049/hsa-miR-378i/SPEG/FOXQ1 and lncRNA AL031123.1/hsa-miR-378i/SPEG/FOXQ1. Taken together, the two ceRNA networks may mediate KSHV reactivation. These novel findings refreshed the present understanding of ceRNA network in KSHV lytic induction and provided potential therapeutic targets for KSHV-associated malignancies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxue Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, P. R. China.,Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Yujia He
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Ruoyu Zhuang
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Yang Gu
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Wan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, P. R. China.,Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Chun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, P. R. China.,Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
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20
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Yarmishyn AA, Ishola AA, Chen CY, Verusingam ND, Rengganaten V, Mustapha HA, Chuang HK, Teng YC, Phung VL, Hsu PK, Lin WC, Ma HI, Chiou SH, Wang ML. Circular RNAs Modulate Cancer Hallmark and Molecular Pathways to Support Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040862. [PMID: 35205610 PMCID: PMC8869994 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Circular RNAs (circRNA) are a type of RNA molecule of circular shape that are now being extensively studied due to the important roles they play in different biological processes. In addition, they were also shown to be implicated in disease such as cancer. Cancer is a complex process which is often defined by a combination of specific processes called cancer hallmarks. In this review, we summarize the literature on circRNAs in cancer and classify them as being implicated in specific cancer hallmarks. Abstract Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding products of backsplicing of pre-mRNAs which have been established to possess potent biological functions. Dysregulated circRNA expression has been linked to diseases including different types of cancer. Cancer progression is known to result from the dysregulation of several molecular mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of cellular and tissue homeostasis. The dysregulation of these processes is defined as cancer hallmarks, and the molecular pathways implicated in them are regarded as the targets of therapeutic interference. In this review, we summarize the literature on the investigation of circRNAs implicated in cancer hallmark molecular signaling. First, we present general information on the properties of circRNAs, such as their biogenesis and degradation mechanisms, as well as their basic molecular functions. Subsequently, we summarize the roles of circRNAs in the framework of each cancer hallmark and finally discuss the potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksandr A. Yarmishyn
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (C.-Y.C.); (N.D.V.); (V.R.); (H.A.M.); (H.-K.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (V.L.P.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Afeez Adekunle Ishola
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (C.-Y.C.); (N.D.V.); (V.R.); (H.A.M.); (H.-K.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (V.L.P.); (S.-H.C.)
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (C.-Y.C.); (N.D.V.); (V.R.); (H.A.M.); (H.-K.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (V.L.P.); (S.-H.C.)
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Nalini Devi Verusingam
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (C.-Y.C.); (N.D.V.); (V.R.); (H.A.M.); (H.-K.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (V.L.P.); (S.-H.C.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Vimalan Rengganaten
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (C.-Y.C.); (N.D.V.); (V.R.); (H.A.M.); (H.-K.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (V.L.P.); (S.-H.C.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Postgraduate Programme, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Habeebat Aderonke Mustapha
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (C.-Y.C.); (N.D.V.); (V.R.); (H.A.M.); (H.-K.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (V.L.P.); (S.-H.C.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Kai Chuang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (C.-Y.C.); (N.D.V.); (V.R.); (H.A.M.); (H.-K.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (V.L.P.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Yuan-Chi Teng
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (C.-Y.C.); (N.D.V.); (V.R.); (H.A.M.); (H.-K.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (V.L.P.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Van Long Phung
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (C.-Y.C.); (N.D.V.); (V.R.); (H.A.M.); (H.-K.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (V.L.P.); (S.-H.C.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Po-Kuei Hsu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-I Ma
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (C.-Y.C.); (N.D.V.); (V.R.); (H.A.M.); (H.-K.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (V.L.P.); (S.-H.C.)
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (C.-Y.C.); (N.D.V.); (V.R.); (H.A.M.); (H.-K.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (V.L.P.); (S.-H.C.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-5568-1156; Fax: +886-2-2875-7435
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21
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Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Altered Autophagy in Acute Lung Injury and Construction of Underlying Competing Endogenous RNA Regulatory Mechanism. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6831770. [PMID: 34722769 PMCID: PMC8553468 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6831770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury (ALI) is a fatal syndrome frequently induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) released from the bacterial cell wall. LPS could also trigger autophagy of lung bronchial epithelial cell to relieve the inflammation, while the overwhelming LPS would impair the balance of autophagy consequently inducing serious lung injury. Methods We observed the autophagy variation of 16HBE, human bronchial epithelial cell, under exposure to different concentrations of LPS through western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and electron microscopy. Eight strands of 16HBE were divided into two groups upon 1000 ng/ml LPS stimulation or not, which were sent to be sequenced at whole transcriptome. Subsequently, we analyzed the sequencing data in functional enrichment, pathway analysis, and candidate gene selection and constructed a hsa-miR-663b-related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Results We set a series of concentrations of LPS to stimulate 16HBE and observed the variation of autophagy in related protein expression and autophagosome count. We found that the effective concentration of LPS was 1000 ng/ml at 12 hours of exposure and sequenced the 1000 ng/ml LPS-stimulated 16HBE. As a result, a total of 750 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 449 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), 76 differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs), and 127 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified. We constructed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to visualize the interaction between DEGs and located 36 genes to comprehend the core discrepancy between LPS-stimulated 16HBE and the negative control group. In combined analysis of differentially expressed RNAs (DERNAs), we analyzed all the targeted relationships of ceRNA in DERNAs and figured hsa-miR-663b as a central mediator in the ceRNA network to play when LPS induced the variation of autophagy in 16HBE. Conclusion Our research indicated that the hsa-miR-663b-related ceRNA network may contribute to the key regulatory mechanism in LPS-induced changes of autophagy and ALI.
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22
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Zhang K, Chen J, Li C, Yuan Y, Fang S, Liu W, Qian Y, Ma J, Chang L, Chen F, Yang Z, Gu W. Exosome-mediated transfer of SNHG7 enhances docetaxel resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2021; 526:142-154. [PMID: 34715254 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 (SNHG7) has been widely reported in various cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, it is largely unknown whether SNHG7 is involved in docetaxel resistance of LUAD. In the current study, we identified the high expression of SNHG7 in docetaxel-resistant cells. Through functional assays, we determined that silencing of SNHG7 decreased IC50 value of LUAD cells to docetaxel and suppressed proliferation and autophagy in LUAD cells, and reversed M2 polarization in macrophages. Mechanistically, we uncovered that SNHG7 promoted autophagy via recruiting human antigen R (HuR) to stabilize autophagy-related genes autophagy related 5 (ATG5) and autophagy related 12 (ATG12). Moreover, exosomal SNHG7 was transmitted from docetaxel-resistant LUAD cells to parental LUAD cells and thus facilitated docetaxel resistance. Additionally, exosomal SNHG7 activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway to promote M2 polarization in macrophages via recruiting cullin 4A (CUL4A) to induce ubiquitination and degradation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Taken together, we concluded that exosomal SNHG7 enhances docetaxel resistance of LUAD cells through inducing autophagy and macrophage M2 polarization. All findings in the study suggested that SNHG7 may be a promising target for relieving docetaxel resistance in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine& Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Li
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Surong Fang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenfei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiyong Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ligong Chang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feifei Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenhua Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China.
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23
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The emerging roles of circular RNAs in vessel co-option and vasculogenic mimicry: clinical insights for anti-angiogenic therapy in cancers. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 41:173-191. [PMID: 34664157 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10000-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Unexpected resistance to anti-angiogenic treatment prompted the investigation of non-angiogenic tumor processes. Vessel co-option (VC) and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) are recognized as primary non-angiogenic mechanisms. In VC, cancer cells utilize pre-existing blood vessels for support, whereas in VM, cancer cells channel and provide blood flow to rapidly growing tumors. Both processes have been implicated in the development of tumor and resistance to anti-angiogenic drugs in many tumor types. The morphology, but rare molecular alterations have been investigated in VC and VM. There is a pressing need to better understand the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Here, we review the emerging circular RNA (circRNA)-mediated regulation of non-angiogenic processes, VC and VM.
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24
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Luo Y, Ge P, Wang M, Chen H, Liu J, Wei T, Jiang Y, Qu J, Chen H. Research progress of DLX6-AS1 in human cancers. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1642-1652. [PMID: 34508305 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a kind of translational-repressor RNAs composed of more than 200 nucleotides and formerly considered as "transcriptional noise". Recently studies have shown that lncRNAs could bind to multiple biomolecules such as DNA, transcription factors, RNA, chromatin complexes and proteins, and regulate target gene expression at multi-levels, thus playing an essential role in human tumors. DLX6-AS1, a recently discovered oncogenic lncRNA, is highly expressed in various human tumors, including lung cancer, liver cancer and pancreatic cancer. This paper mainly reviewed the regulatory mechanism of DLX6-AS1 as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in tumor cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, chemotherapy resistance and metabolic changes. Furthermore, the translational value of DLX6-AS1 in cancer was also elucidated, which suggested its potential as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker in cancer. In summary, this present article not only makes an in-depth analysis of the expression changes and carcinogenic mechanism of DLX6-AS1 in various human cancers, but also provides a new breakthrough for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengfei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianfu Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuankuan Jiang
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Qu
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China. .,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Lv C, Wan Q, Shen C, Wu H, Zhou B, Wang W. Long non‑coding RNA ZSCAN16‑AS1 promotes the malignant properties of hepatocellular carcinoma by decoying microRNA‑451a and consequently increasing ATF2 expression. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:780. [PMID: 34498716 PMCID: PMC8436228 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the oncogenicity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been widely studied. However, the detailed functions of ZSCAN16 antisense RNA 1 (ZSCAN16‑AS1) have seldom been explored in HCC until the present study. In the present study, experiments were performed to clarify whether ZSCAN16‑AS1 is implicated in the oncogenesis and progression of HCC and to explore the possible underlying mechanisms. ZSCAN16‑AS1 expression was analyzed using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. The effects of ZSCAN16‑AS1 on the biological behavior of HCC cells were demonstrated by functional experiments. The direct binding capacity of ZSCAN16‑AS1 with microRNA‑451a (miR‑451a) was indicated by the luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. The high expression of ZSCAN16‑AS1 was confirmed in HCC by The Cancer Genome Atlas database and the cohort of the present study. Survival data revealed that patients with a high ZSCAN16‑AS1 level had worse prognosis compared with those with a low ZSCAN16‑AS1 level. Following ZSCAN16‑AS1 knockdown, HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion were curbed, whereas cell apoptosis was promoted in vitro. The absence of ZSCAN16‑AS1 restricted tumor growth of HCC cells in vivo. Mechanistically, ZSCAN16‑AS1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA by decoying miR‑451a in HCC cells. Furthermore, activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2), a direct target of miR‑451a, was under the regulation of ZSCAN16‑AS1, which was exerted by sequestering miR‑451a. In addition, miR‑451a knockdown or ATF2 resumption reversed the proliferation suppression, apoptosis promotion and migration and invasion inhibition triggered by ZSCAN16‑AS1 silencing. In conclusion, ZSCAN16‑AS1, a pro‑oncogenic lncRNA, aggravated the malignancy of HCC by controlling the miR‑451a/ATF2 axis. An understanding of the competing endogenous RNA network of ZSCAN16‑AS1/miR‑451a/ATF2 in HCC might be instrumental in the development of attractive targets for molecular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Tongliang, Chongqing 402575, P.R. China
| | - Qingsong Wan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Tongliang, Chongqing 402575, P.R. China
| | - Chengxiang Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Tongliang, Chongqing 402575, P.R. China
| | - Hongsheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Tongliang, Chongqing 402575, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Tongliang, Chongqing 402575, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Tongliang, Chongqing 402575, P.R. China
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Kumar P, Jagtap YA, Patwa SM, Kinger S, Dubey AR, Prajapati VK, Dhiman R, Poluri KM, Mishra A. Autophagy based cellular physiological strategies target oncogenic progression. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:258-277. [PMID: 34448206 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Evidence accumulated from past findings indicates that defective proteostasis may contribute to risk factors for cancer generation. Irregular assembly of abnormal proteins catalyzes the disturbance of cellular proteostasis and induces the ability of abnormal cellular proliferation. The autophagy mechanism plays a key role in the regular clearance of abnormal/poor lipids, proteins, and various cellular organelles. The results of functional and effective autophagy deliver normal cellular homeostasis, which establishes supportive metabolism and avoids unexpected tumorigenesis events. Still, the precise molecular mechanism of autophagy in tumor suppression has not been clear. How autophagy triggers selective or nonselective bulk degradation to dissipate tumor promotion under stress conditions is not clear. Under proteotoxic insults to knockdown the drive of tumorigenesis, it is critical for us to figure out the detailed molecular functions of autophagy in human cancers. The current article summarizes autophagy-based theragnostic strategies targeting various phases of tumorigenesis and suggests the preventive roles of autophagy against tumor progression. A better understanding of various molecular partners of autophagic flux will improve and innovate therapeutic approaches based on autophagic-susceptible effects against cellular oncogenic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Yuvraj Anandrao Jagtap
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Som Mohanlal Patwa
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sumit Kinger
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ankur Rakesh Dubey
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Zubareva EY, Senchukova MA. Prognostic and predictive significance of osteopontin in malignant neoplasms. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.17650/2313-805x-2021-8-2-23-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin is an extracellular matrix protein which is produced by different types of cells and plays an important functional role in many biological processes. This review discusses the main functions of osteopontin, its role in the progression and chemoresistance of malignant neoplasms, in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and the body’s immune response to the tumor. The article considers the currently known mechanisms by which osteopontin affects to the survival, mobility and invasion of tumor cells, to tumor sensitivity to drug treatment, as well as the prospects for a integrated study of the predictive significance of osteopontin, markers of hypoxia, angiogenesis, epithelial- mesenchymal transition, and immunological tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Yu. Zubareva
- Orenburg Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary; Orenburg State Medical University
| | - M. A. Senchukova
- Orenburg Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary; Orenburg State Medical University
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28
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Long noncoding RNA GAS8-AS1: A novel biomarker in human diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111572. [PMID: 33838502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a group of ncRNAs with more than 200 nucleotides. These RNAs can specifically regulate gene expression at both the transcriptional and the post-transcriptional levels, and increasing evidence indicates that they play vital roles in a variety of disease-related cellular processes. The lncRNA GAS8 antisense RNA 1 (GAS8-AS1, also known as C16orf3) is located in the second intron of GAS8 and has been reported to be both abnormally expressed in several diseases and closely correlated with many clinical characteristics. GAS8-AS1 has been shown to affect many biological functions, including cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and autophagy using several signaling pathways. In this review, we have summarized current studies on GAS8-AS1 roles in disease and discuss its potential clinical utility. GAS8-AS1 may be a promising biomarker for both diagnoses and prognoses, and a novel target for many disease therapies.
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29
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Wang J, Da C, Su Y, Song R, Bai Z. MKNK2 enhances chemoresistance of ovarian cancer by suppressing autophagy via miR-125b. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 556:31-38. [PMID: 33836345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major cause for high mortality and poor survival in patients with ovarian cancer. Changes of cellular autophagy is associated with tumor cell chemoresistance. MAP kinase interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (MKNK2) belongs to the protein kinase superfamily mediating cell cycle, apoptosis and angiogenesis. However, its effects on chemoresistance during ovarian cancer development remain unclear. In this study, we found that MKNK2 expression levels were markedly up-regulated in chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells compared with the sensitive cells. In addition, significantly increased expression of MKNK2 was detected in clinical ovarian cancer tissues, particularly in tumor samples from patients with drug resistance, and high MKNK2 expression is closely associated with poor prognosis. Our in vitro experiments subsequently showed that MKNK2 knockdown markedly reduced the proliferation of chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells, which was confirmed in SKOV3/DDP xenograft mouse models. Importantly, MKNK2 knockdown considerably induced autophagy in ovarian cancer cells with drug resistance, which was involved in the suppression of cell proliferation. Of note, we showed that miR-125b directly targeted MKNK2, and a negative correlation was observed between the expression of them in clinical tumor tissues. MKNK2 silence also increased miR-125b expression levels in drug-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Intriguingly, MKNK2 knockdown-suppressed cell proliferation and -induced autophagy were almost abrogated by miR-125b inhibition in chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells. Together, these findings demonstrated that MNKN2 is responsible for chemoresistance in ovarian cancer through modulating autophagy by targeting miR-125b, which may be a promising therapeutic target to develop strategies against ovarian cancer with drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai, Hubei, 054000, China
| | - Chaoling Da
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai, Hubei, 054000, China
| | - Ye Su
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai, Hubei, 054000, China
| | - Ruijia Song
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai, Hubei, 054000, China
| | - Zhifeng Bai
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai, Hubei, 054000, China.
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30
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Tam C, Rao S, Waye MMY, Ng TB, Wang CC. Autophagy signals orchestrate chemoresistance of gynecological cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188525. [PMID: 33600824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gynecological cancers are characterized by a high mortality rate when chemoresistance develops. Autophagy collaborates with apoptosis and participates in homeostasis of chemoresistance. Recent findings supported that crosstalk of necrotic, apoptotic and autophagic factors, and chemotherapy-driven hypoxia, oxidative stress and ER stress play critical roles in chemoresistance in gynecological cancers. Meanwhile, current studies have shown that autophagy could be regulated by and cooperate with metabolic regulator, survival factors, stemness factors and specific post-translation modification in chemoresistant tumor cells. Meanwhile, non-coding RNA and autophagy crosstalk also contribute to the chemoresistance. Until now, analysis of individual autophagy factors towards the clinical significance and chemoresistance in gynecological cancer is still lacking. We suggest comprehensive integrated analysis of cellular homeostasis and tumor microenvironment to clarify the role of autophagy and the associated factors in cancer progression and chemoresistance. Panel screening of pan-autophagic factors will pioneer the development of risk models for predicting efficacy of chemotherapy and guidelines for systematic treatment and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chit Tam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shitao Rao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Mary Miu Yee Waye
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Reproduction and Development Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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