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de Oliveira-Sobrinho RP, Appenzeller S, Holanda IP, Heleno JL, Jorente J, Vieira TP, Steiner CE. Genome Sequencing in an Individual Presenting with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:513. [PMID: 38674447 PMCID: PMC11049871 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by arthritis with poorly known causes, including monogenic disorders and multifactorial etiology. 22q11.2 proximal deletion syndrome is a multisystemic disease with over 180 manifestations already described. In this report, the authors describe a patient presenting with a short stature, neurodevelopmental delay, and dysmorphisms, who had an episode of polyarticular arthritis at the age of three years and eight months, resulting in severe joint limitations, and was later diagnosed with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Investigation through Whole Genome Sequencing revealed that he had no pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants in both alleles of the MIF gene or in genes associated with monogenic arthritis (LACC1, LPIN2, MAFB, NFIL3, NOD2, PRG4, PRF1, STX11, TNFAIP3, TRHR, UNC13DI). However, the patient presented 41 risk polymorphisms for juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Thus, in the present case, arthritis seems coincidental to 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, probably caused by a multifactorial etiology. The association of the MIF gene in individuals previously described with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and 22q11.2 deletion seems unlikely since it is located in the distal and less-frequently deleted region of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruy Pires de Oliveira-Sobrinho
- Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Departamento de Medicina Translacional, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil; (R.P.d.O.-S.); (I.P.H.); (J.L.H.); (J.J.); (T.P.V.)
| | - Simone Appenzeller
- Departamento de Ortopedia, Reumatologia e Traumatologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ianne Pessoa Holanda
- Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Departamento de Medicina Translacional, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil; (R.P.d.O.-S.); (I.P.H.); (J.L.H.); (J.J.); (T.P.V.)
| | - Júlia Lôndero Heleno
- Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Departamento de Medicina Translacional, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil; (R.P.d.O.-S.); (I.P.H.); (J.L.H.); (J.J.); (T.P.V.)
| | - Josep Jorente
- Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Departamento de Medicina Translacional, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil; (R.P.d.O.-S.); (I.P.H.); (J.L.H.); (J.J.); (T.P.V.)
| | | | - Társis Paiva Vieira
- Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Departamento de Medicina Translacional, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil; (R.P.d.O.-S.); (I.P.H.); (J.L.H.); (J.J.); (T.P.V.)
| | - Carlos Eduardo Steiner
- Genética Médica e Medicina Genômica, Departamento de Medicina Translacional, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-888, SP, Brazil; (R.P.d.O.-S.); (I.P.H.); (J.L.H.); (J.J.); (T.P.V.)
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Huang HYR, Wireko AA, Miteu GD, Khan A, Roy S, Ferreira T, Garg T, Aji N, Haroon F, Zakariya F, Alshareefy Y, Pujari AG, Madani D, Papadakis M. Advancements and progress in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A Review of pathophysiology and treatment. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37567. [PMID: 38552102 PMCID: PMC10977530 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic clinical condition characterized by arthritic features in children under the age of 16, with at least 6 weeks of active symptoms. The etiology of JIA remains unknown, and it is associated with prolonged synovial inflammation and structural joint damage influenced by environmental and genetic factors. This review aims to enhance the understanding of JIA by comprehensively analyzing relevant literature. The focus lies on current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and investigations into the pathoaetiologies using diverse research modalities, including in vivo animal models and large-scale genome-wide studies. We aim to elucidate the multifactorial nature of JIA with a strong focus towards genetic predilection, while proposing potential strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes and enhance diagnostic risk stratification in light of recent advancements. This review underscores the need for further research due to the idiopathic nature of JIA, its heterogeneous phenotype, and the challenges associated with biomarkers and diagnostic criteria. Ultimately, this contribution seeks to advance the knowledge and promote effective management strategies in JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Ye Rim Huang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Goshen David Miteu
- School of Biosciences, Biotechnology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Caleb University Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adan Khan
- Kent and Medway Medical School, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Sakshi Roy
- School of Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Tomas Ferreira
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tulika Garg
- Government Medical College and Hospital Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Narjiss Aji
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Faaraea Haroon
- Faculty of Public Health, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farida Zakariya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Yasir Alshareefy
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anushka Gurunath Pujari
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Djabir Madani
- UCD Lochlann Quinn School of Business and Sutherland School of Law, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
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Kim D, Song J, Mancuso N, Mangul S, Jung J, Jang W. Large-scale integrative analysis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis for new insight into its pathogenesis. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:47. [PMID: 38336809 PMCID: PMC10858498 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is one of the most prevalent rheumatic disorders in children and is classified as an autoimmune disease (AID). While a robust genetic contribution to JIA etiology has been established, the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. METHODS To prioritize biologically interpretable susceptibility genes and proteins for JIA, we conducted transcriptome-wide and proteome-wide association studies (TWAS/PWAS). Then, to understand the genetic architecture of JIA, we systematically analyzed single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability, a signature of natural selection, and polygenicity. Next, we conducted HLA typing using multi-ethnicity RNA sequencing data. Additionally, we examined the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire at a single-cell level to explore the potential links between immunity and JIA risk. RESULTS We have identified 19 TWAS genes and two PWAS proteins associated with JIA risks. Furthermore, we observe that the heritability and cell type enrichment analysis of JIA are enriched in T lymphocytes and HLA regions and that JIA shows higher polygenicity compared to other AIDs. In multi-ancestry HLA typing, B*45:01 is more prevalent in African JIA patients than in European JIA patients, whereas DQA1*01:01, DQA1*03:01, and DRB1*04:01 exhibit a higher frequency in European JIA patients. Using single-cell immune repertoire analysis, we identify clonally expanded T cell subpopulations in JIA patients, including CXCL13+BHLHE40+ TH cells which are significantly associated with JIA risks. CONCLUSION Our findings shed new light on the pathogenesis of JIA and provide a strong foundation for future mechanistic studies aimed at uncovering the molecular drivers of JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseung Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicholas Mancuso
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Serghei Mangul
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Junghyun Jung
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Hollywood, CA, USA.
| | - Wonhee Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
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Saidi O, Rochette E, Merlin E, Duché P. Pathways of sleep disturbances in juvenile idiopathic arthritis and recommendations for clinical management approaches: A critical review. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 73:101870. [PMID: 37897844 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease affecting young people. It has a profound impact on their physical, mental and social lives, leading to long-term disability. With the growing awareness of the importance of sleep in all areas of functioning in young people, an emerging literature has drawn attention to the role of sleep in the pathogenesis of JIA. Sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with JIA arise from a wide range of symptoms and pathways, leading to a vicious cycle that exacerbates subclinical inflammation, symptoms and disease progression. Putative factors contributing to sleep disturbances include chronic inflammation, JIA-associated sleep disorders, JIA symptoms (e.g. pain), psychological comorbidities and potential circadian disruption, which may be exacerbated by the transition to adolescence. Here, we review these pathways and advocate key strategies and alternatives for sleep management in young people with JIA in clinical settings. We identify gaps in knowledge and suggest future directions to improve our understanding of JIA sleep disorders, including clinical trials investigating potential strategies to improve sleep health in this young population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Saidi
- Laboratory "Impact of Physical Activity on Health" (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83041, Toulon, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Rochette
- Laboratory "Impact of Physical Activity on Health" (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83041, Toulon, France; Department of Pediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; INSERM, CIC 1405, CRECHE Unit, Clermont Auvergne University, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Etienne Merlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; INSERM, CIC 1405, CRECHE Unit, Clermont Auvergne University, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Duché
- Laboratory "Impact of Physical Activity on Health" (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83041, Toulon, France.
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Chen K, Zeng H, Togizbayev G, Martini A, Zeng H. New classification criteria for juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2023; 26:1889-1892. [PMID: 37807617 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Chen
- Department of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haisheng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Dongguan Children's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | | | - Alberto Martini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Child and Maternal Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Huasong Zeng
- Department of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Pudjihartono N, Ho D, Golovina E, Fadason T, Kempa-Liehr AW, O'Sullivan JM. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated genetic loci exhibit spatially constrained gene regulatory effects across multiple tissues and immune cell types. J Autoimmun 2023; 138:103046. [PMID: 37229810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an autoimmune, inflammatory joint disease with complex genetic etiology. Previous GWAS have found many genetic loci associated with JIA. However, the biological mechanism behind JIA remains unknown mainly because most risk loci are located in non-coding genetic regions. Interestingly, increasing evidence has found that regulatory elements in the non-coding regions can regulate the expression of distant target genes through spatial (physical) interactions. Here, we used information on the 3D genome organization (Hi-C data) to identify target genes that physically interact with SNPs within JIA risk loci. Subsequent analysis of these SNP-gene pairs using data from tissue and immune cell type-specific expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) databases allowed the identification of risk loci that regulate the expression of their target genes. In total, we identified 59 JIA-risk loci that regulate the expression of 210 target genes across diverse tissues and immune cell types. Functional annotation of spatial eQTLs within JIA risk loci identified significant overlap with gene regulatory elements (i.e., enhancers and transcription factor binding sites). We found target genes involved in immune-related pathways such as antigen processing and presentation (e.g., ERAP2, HLA class I and II), the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., LTBR, TYK2), proliferation and differentiation of specific immune cell types (e.g., AURKA in Th17 cells), and genes involved in physiological mechanisms related to pathological joint inflammation (e.g., LRG1 in arteries). Notably, many of the tissues where JIA-risk loci act as spatial eQTLs are not classically considered central to JIA pathology. Overall, our findings highlight the potential tissue and immune cell type-specific regulatory changes contributing to JIA pathogenesis. Future integration of our data with clinical studies can contribute to the development of improved JIA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pudjihartono
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - D Ho
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E Golovina
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - T Fadason
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A W Kempa-Liehr
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J M O'Sullivan
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; The Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, United Kingdom; Australian Parkinsons Mission, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; A*STAR Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore.
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7
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La Bella S, Rinaldi M, Di Ludovico A, Di Donato G, Di Donato G, Salpietro V, Chiarelli F, Breda L. Genetic Background and Molecular Mechanisms of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031846. [PMID: 36768167 PMCID: PMC9916312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease in the paediatric population. JIA comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders with different onset patterns and clinical presentations with the only element in common being chronic joint inflammation. This review sought to evaluate the most relevant and up-to-date evidence on current knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of JIA subtypes to provide a better understanding of these disorders. Despite significant improvements over the past decade, the aetiology and molecular mechanisms of JIA remain unclear. It has been suggested that the immunopathogenesis is characterised by complex interactions between genetic background and environmental factors that may differ between JIA subtypes. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes and non-HLA genes play a crucial role in the abnormal activation of both innate and adaptive immune cells that cooperate in causing the inflammatory process. This results in the involvement of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-21, IL-23, and others. These mediators, interacting with the surrounding tissue, cause cartilage stress and bone damage, including irreversible erosions. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the genetic background and molecular mechanisms of JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio La Bella
- Paediatric Department, University of Chieti “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marta Rinaldi
- Paediatric Department, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury-Thames Valley Deanery, Aylesbury HP21 8AL, UK
| | - Armando Di Ludovico
- Paediatric Department, University of Chieti “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Donato
- Paediatric Department, University of Chieti “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulio Di Donato
- Paediatric Department, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Chiarelli
- Paediatric Department, University of Chieti “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Luciana Breda
- Paediatric Department, University of Chieti “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0871-357377
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Huang R, Tang J, Wang S, Liu Y, Zhang M, Jin M, Qin H, Qian W, Lu Y, Yang Y, Lu B, Yao Y, Yan P, Huang J, Zhang W, Lu J, Gu M, Zhu Y, Guo X, Xian S, Liu X, Huang Z. Sequencing technology as a major impetus in the advancement of studies into rheumatism: A bibliometric study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1067830. [PMID: 36875117 PMCID: PMC9982012 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1067830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatism covers a wide range of diseases with complex clinical manifestations and places a tremendous burden on humans. For many years, our understanding of rheumatism was seriously hindered by technology constraints. However, the increasing application and rapid advancement of sequencing technology in the past decades have enabled us to study rheumatism with greater accuracy and in more depth. Sequencing technology has made huge contributions to the field and is now an indispensable component and powerful tool in the study of rheumatism. Methods Articles on sequencing and rheumatism, published from 1 January 2000 to 25 April 2022, were retrieved from the Web of Science™ (Clarivate™, Philadelphia, PA, USA) database. Bibliometrix, the open-source tool, was used for the analysis of publication years, countries, authors, sources, citations, keywords, and co-words. Results The 1,374 articles retrieved came from 62 countries and 350 institutions, with a general increase in article numbers during the last 22 years. The leading countries in terms of publication numbers and active cooperation with other countries were the USA and China. The most prolific authors and most popular documents were identified to establish the historiography of the field. Popular and emerging research topics were assessed by keywords and co-occurrence analysis. Immunological and pathological process in rheumatism, classification, risks and susceptibility, and biomarkers for diagnosis were among the hottest themes for research. Conclusions Sequencing technology has been widely applied in the study of rheumatism and propells research in the area of discovering novel biomarkers, related gene patterns and physiopathology. We suggest that further efforts be made to advance the study of genetic patterns related to rheumatic susceptibility, pathogenesis, classification and disease activity, and novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieling Tang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqiao Wang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyi Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Jin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengwei Qin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijin Qian
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwei Lu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingnan Lu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuntao Yao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Penghui Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyu Lu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Minyi Gu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushu Zhu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinya Guo
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyuan Xian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shibei Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongqiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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9
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Hao X, Cheng S, Jiang B, Xin S. Applying multi-omics techniques to the discovery of biomarkers for acute aortic dissection. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:961991. [PMID: 36588568 PMCID: PMC9797526 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.961991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a cardiovascular disease that manifests suddenly and fatally. Due to the lack of specific early symptoms, many patients with AAD are often overlooked or misdiagnosed, which is undoubtedly catastrophic for patients. The particular pathogenic mechanism of AAD is yet unknown, which makes clinical pharmacological therapy extremely difficult. Therefore, it is necessary and crucial to find and employ unique biomarkers for Acute aortic dissection (AAD) as soon as possible in clinical practice and research. This will aid in the early detection of AAD and give clear guidelines for the creation of focused treatment agents. This goal has been made attainable over the past 20 years by the quick advancement of omics technologies and the development of high-throughput tissue specimen biomarker screening. The primary histology data support and add to one another to create a more thorough and three-dimensional picture of the disease. Based on the introduction of the main histology technologies, in this review, we summarize the current situation and most recent developments in the application of multi-omics technologies to AAD biomarker discovery and emphasize the significance of concentrating on integration concepts for integrating multi-omics data. In this context, we seek to offer fresh concepts and recommendations for fundamental investigation, perspective innovation, and therapeutic development in AAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Hao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuai Cheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shijie Xin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,*Correspondence: Shijie Xin,
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10
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Ailioaie LM, Ailioaie C, Litscher G. Biomarkers in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Macrophage Activation Syndrome and Their Importance in COVID Era. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12757. [PMID: 36361547 PMCID: PMC9655921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and its complication, macrophage activation syndrome (sJIA-MAS), are rare but sometimes very serious or even critical diseases of childhood that can occasionally be characterized by nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms at onset-such as non-remitting high fever, headache, rash, or arthralgia-and are biologically accompanied by an increase in acute-phase reactants. For a correct positive diagnosis, it is necessary to rule out bacterial or viral infections, neoplasia, and other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Delays in diagnosis will result in late initiation of targeted therapy. A set of biomarkers is useful to distinguish sJIA or sJIA-MAS from similar clinical entities, especially when arthritis is absent. Biomarkers should be accessible to many patients, with convenient production and acquisition prices for pediatric medical laboratories, as well as being easy to determine, having high sensitivity and specificity, and correlating with pathophysiological disease pathways. The aim of this review was to identify the newest and most powerful biomarkers and their synergistic interaction for easy and accurate recognition of sJIA and sJIA-MAS, so as to immediately guide clinicians in correct diagnosis and in predicting disease outcomes, the response to treatment, and the risk of relapses. Biomarkers constitute an exciting field of research, especially due to the heterogeneous nature of cytokine storm syndromes (CSSs) in the COVID era. They must be selected with utmost care-a fact supported by the increasingly improved genetic and pathophysiological comprehension of sJIA, but also of CSS-so that new classification systems may soon be developed to define homogeneous groups of patients, although each with a distinct disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marinela Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Constantin Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Research Center Graz, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 39, 8036 Graz, Austria
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11
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Xu M, Yang L, Lin Y, Lu Y, Bi X, Jiang T, Deng W, Zhang L, Yi W, Xie Y, Li M. Emerging nanobiotechnology for precise theranostics of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:427. [PMID: 36175957 PMCID: PMC9524074 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer has become the second most fatal cancer in the world, and its five-year survival rate is only 10%. Most patients are in the middle and advanced stages at the time of diagnosis, losing the opportunity for radical treatment. Liver cancer is not sensitive to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. At present, conventional molecularly targeted drugs for liver cancer show some problems, such as short residence time, poor drug enrichment, and drug resistance. Therefore, developing new diagnosis and treatment methods to effectively improve the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term prognosis of liver cancer is urgent. As an emerging discipline, nanobiotechnology, based on safe, stable, and efficient nanomaterials, constructs highly targeted nanocarriers according to the unique characteristics of tumors and further derives a variety of efficient diagnosis and treatment methods based on this transport system, providing a new method for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. This paper aims to summarize the latest progress in this field according to existing research and the latest clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as clarify the role, application limitations, and prospects of research on nanomaterials and the development and application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Xu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yanjie Lin
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Xiaoyue Bi
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China. .,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China. .,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
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Nazarova LS, Danilko KV, Malievsky VA, Karimov DO, Bakirov AB, Viktorova TV. Interaction Of Immune Response Mediator Genes In A Predisposition To Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2022.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objective — The goal of our study was to investigate the role of interaction between the polymorphic loci of immune response mediator genes (TNFA rs1800629, LTA rs909253, IL1B rs16944, IL2-IL21 rs6822844, IL2RA rs2104286, IL6 rs1800795, IL10 rs1800872, MIF rs755622, CTLA4 rs3087243, NFKB1 rs28362491, PTPN22 rs2476601, and PADI4 rs2240336) in the formation of a genetic predisposition to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Material and Methods — The study involved 330 JIA patients and 342 volunteers from the Republic of Bashkortostan. Genotyping was conducted via the real-time polymerase chain reaction. The gene-gene interactions were studied using the multifactor dimensionality reduction algorithm. Results — In general analysis, the best model of gene-gene interaction in JIA was a combination of IL1B rs16944 – IL10 rs1800872 – NFKB1 rs28362491 – PADI4 rs2240336 polymorphic loci. However, after gender-based stratification the best results were obtained when examining the combinations of IL6 rs1800795 – PADI4 rs2240336 loci in girls and of IL10 rs1800872 – IL6 rs1800795 – IL2RA rs2104286 loci in boys. Within all of these models, the genotype combinations associated with both augmented and reduced JIA risks were identified (taking into account gender-specific differences). Conclusion — The results of our study implied that an important role in the formation of a predisposition to JIA is played by gene-gene interactions of IL1B rs16944, IL2RA rs2104286, IL6 rs1800795, IL10 rs1800872, NFKB1 rs28362491, and PADI4 rs2240336 polymorphic loci (taking into account gender-specific differences).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliia Sh. Nazarova
- Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology; Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | | | | | - Denis O. Karimov
- Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa, Russia
| | - Akhat B. Bakirov
- Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology; Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
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Popescu C. Whole exome sequencing in a juvenile idiopathic arthritis large family with SERPINA1 gene mutations. BMC Rheumatol 2022; 6:39. [PMID: 35786784 PMCID: PMC9251928 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-022-00269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the underlying mechanisms and mediators of arthritis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis are not well understood, accumulated evidence supports the mixt role of genetic and environmental factors. Few reports of multiplex families with JIA were published until now. The aim of this study was to describe the subjects affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis and psoriatic features (JIAPs) in a large family. METHODS Here, we characterized an extended multiplex family of 5 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and psoriatic features (PsA) at the clinical and genetic level, using whole exome sequencing. RESULTS We did not confirm in our family the linkage with the genetic factors already described that might be associated with increase susceptibility to JIA. We found a carrier status of siblings who inherited a pathogenic allele of the SERPINA1 gene from their mother who herself has two heterozygous pathogenic variants in the SERPINA1 gene. CONCLUSIONS This study didn't identify genetic contributive factors but highlights potentially environmental associations concerning the siblings of a family with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and psoriatic features (JIAPs). It is difficult to establish that SERPINA1 gene mutation has an etiological role as the levels of AAT are only slightly decreased and all the children harbor heterozygous variants.
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Boz V, Zanchi C, Levantino L, Riccio G, Tommasini A. Druggable monogenic immune defects hidden in diverse medical specialties: Focus on overlap syndromes. World J Clin Pediatr 2022; 11:136-150. [PMID: 35433297 PMCID: PMC8985491 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v11.i2.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades two new paradigms changed our way of perceiving primary immunodeficiencies: An increasing number of immune defects are more associated with inflammatory or autoimmune features rather than with infections. Some primary immune defects are due to hyperactive pathways that can be targeted by specific inhibitors, providing innovative precision treatments that can change the natural history of diseases. In this article we review some of these “druggable” inborn errors of immunity and describe how they can be suspected and diagnosed in diverse pediatric and adult medicine specialties. Since the availability of precision treatments can dramatically impact the course of these diseases, preventing the development of organ damage, it is crucial to widen the awareness of these conditions and to provide practical hints for a prompt detection and cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Boz
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34137, Italy
| | - Chiara Zanchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste 34137, Italy
| | - Laura Levantino
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34137, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Riccio
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34137, Italy
| | - Alberto Tommasini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34137, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste 34137, Italy
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15
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Harjacek M. Immunopathophysiology of Juvenile Spondyloarthritis (jSpA): The "Out of the Box" View on Epigenetics, Neuroendocrine Pathways and Role of the Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF). Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:700982. [PMID: 34692718 PMCID: PMC8526544 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.700982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile spondyloarthritis (jSpA) is a an umbrella term for heterogeneous group of related seronegative inflammatory disorders sharing common symptoms. Although it mainly affects children and adolescents, it often remains active during adulthood. Genetic and environmental factors are involved in its occurrence, although the exact underlying immunopathophysiology remains incompletely elucidated. Accumulated evidence suggests that, in affected patients, subclinical gut inflammation caused by intestinal dysbiosis, is pivotal to the future development of synovial-entheseal complex inflammation. While the predominant role of IL17/23 axis, TNF-α, and IL-7 in the pathophysiology of SpA, including jSpA, is firmly established, the role of the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is generally overlooked. The purpose of this review is to discuss and emphasize the role of epigenetics, neuroendocrine pathways and the hypothalamic-pituitary (HPA) axis, and to propose a novel hypothesis of the role of decreased NLRP3 gene expression and possibly MIF in the early phases of jSpA development. The decreased NLRP3 gene expression in the latter, due to hypomethylation of promotor site, is (one of) the cause for inflammasome malfunction leading to gut dysbiosis observed in patients with early jSpA. In addition, we highlight the role of MIF in the complex innate, adaptive cellular and main effector cytokine network, Finally, since treatment of advanced bone pathology in SpA remains an unmet clinical need, I suggest possible new drug targets with the aim to ultimately improve treatment efficacy and long-term outcome of jSpA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Harjacek
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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16
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Reska D, Czajkowski M, Jurczuk K, Boldak C, Kwedlo W, Bauer W, Koszelew J, Kretowski M. Integration of solutions and services for multi-omics data analysis towards personalized medicine. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Juarranz Y. Molecular and Cellular Basis of Autoimmune Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:474. [PMID: 33672111 PMCID: PMC7926515 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The defense organization of our organism is found in the immune system, which has two important components, the innate and the adaptive immunity, where different molecules, cells, and organs are involved and coordinated to protect us from external and internal damage [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Juarranz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Meng X, Hou X, Wang P, Glessner JT, Qu HQ, March ME, Zhang S, Qi X, Zhu C, Nguyen K, Gao X, Li X, Liu Y, Zhou W, Zhang S, Li J, Sun Y, Yang J, Sleiman PMA, Xia Q, Hakonarson H, Li J. Association of novel rare coding variants with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:626-631. [PMID: 33408077 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common type of arthritis among children, but a few studies have investigated the contribution of rare variants to JIA. In this study, we aimed to identify rare coding variants associated with JIA for the genome-wide landscape. METHODS We established a rare variant calling and filtering pipeline and performed rare coding variant and gene-based association analyses on three RNA-seq datasets composed of 228 JIA patients in the Gene Expression Omnibus against different sets of controls, and further conducted replication in our whole-exome sequencing (WES) data of 56 JIA patients. Then we conducted differential gene expression analysis and assessed the impact of recurrent functional coding variants on gene expression and signalling pathway. RESULTS By the RNA-seq data, we identified variants in two genes reported in literature as JIA causal variants, as well as additional 63 recurrent rare coding variants seen only in JIA patients. Among the 44 recurrent rare variants found in polyarticular patients, 10 were replicated by our WES of patients with the same JIA subtype. Several genes with recurrent functional rare coding variants have also common variants associated with autoimmune diseases. We observed immune pathways enriched for the genes with rare coding variants and differentially expressed genes. CONCLUSION This study elucidated a novel landscape of recurrent rare coding variants in JIA patients and uncovered significant associations with JIA at the gene pathway level. The convergence of common variants and rare variants for autoimmune diseases is also highlighted in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Meng
- Department of Cell Biology, the Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Hou
- Department of Cell Biology, the Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, the Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Joseph T Glessner
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hui-Qi Qu
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael E March
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sipeng Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, the Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Qi
- Department of Cell Biology, the Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chonggui Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kenny Nguyen
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xinyi Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, the Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoge Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinnan Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yichuan Liu
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wentao Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, the Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuyue Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, the Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junyi Li
- Department of Cell Biology, the Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, the Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, the Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Patrick M A Sleiman
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qianghua Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, the Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA .,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, the Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China .,Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
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