1
|
Pyatina SA, Shishatskaya EI, Dorokhin AS, Menzyanova NG. Border cell population size and oxidative stress in the root apex of Triticum aestivum seedlings exposed to fungicides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:25600-25615. [PMID: 38478309 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Fungicides reduce the risk of mycopathologies and reduce the content of mycotoxins in commercial grain. The effect of fungicides on the structural and functional status of the root system of grain crops has not been studied enough. In this regard, we studied the phytocytotoxic effects tebuconazole (TEB) and epoxiconazole (EPO) and azoxystrobin (AZO) in the roots of Triticum aestivum seedlings in hydroponic culture. In the presence of EPO and AZO (but not TEB) inhibition of the root growth was accompanied by a dose-dependent increase in the content of malondialdehyde, carbonylated proteins, and proline in roots. TEB was characterized by a dose-dependent decrease in the total amount of border cells (BCs) and the protein content in root extracellular trap (RET). For EPO and AZO, the dose curves of changes in the total number of BCs were bell-shaped. AZO did not affect the protein content in RET. The protein content in RET significantly decreased by 3 times for an EPO concentration of 1 µg/mL. The obtained results reveal that the BC-RET system is one of the functional targets of fungicides in the root system of wheat seedlings. Studied fungicides induce oxidative stress and structural and functional alterations in the BC-RET system that can affect their toxicity to the root system of crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ekaterina Igorevna Shishatskaya
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Av, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pansa CC, Molica LR, de Oliveira Júnior FC, Santello LC, Moraes KCM. Cellular and molecular effects of fipronil in lipid metabolism of HepG2 and its possible connection to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23595. [PMID: 38050659 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global public health problem that affects more than a quarter of the population. The development of this disease is correlated with metabolic dysfunctions that lead to lipid accumulation in the liver. Pesticides are one of etiologies that support NAFLD establishment. Therefore, the effects of the insecticide fipronil on the lipid metabolism of the human hepatic cell line, HepG2, was investigated, considering its widespread use in field crops and even to control domestic pests. To address the goals of the study, biochemical, cellular, and molecular analyses of different concentrations of fipronil in cell cultures were investigated, after 24 h of incubation. Relevant metabolites such as triglycerides, glucose levels, β-oxidation processes, and gene expression of relevant elements correlated with lipid and metabolism of xenobiotics were investigated. The results suggested that at 20 μM, the pesticide increased the accumulation of triglycerides and neutral lipids by reducing fatty acid oxidation and increasing de novo lipogenesis. In addition, changes were observed in genes that control oxidative stress and the xenobiotic metabolism. Together, the results suggest that the metabolic changes caused by the insecticide fipronil may be deleterious if persistent, favoring the establishment of hepatic steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila C Pansa
- Laboratório Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia R Molica
- Laboratório Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiano C de Oliveira Júnior
- Laboratório Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara C Santello
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Laboratório Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Somuncu S, Atmaca H, Ilhan S. Effects of acute exposure to environmentally realistic tebuconazole concentrations on stress responses of kidney and digestive gland of Lymnaea stagnalis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 105:104352. [PMID: 38141841 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of 24 and 72 h exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of tebuconazole (TEB) (10, 100 and 500 µg/L) fungicide on the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. The focus was induction of oxidative stress, alteration of gene expressions and histopathological changes in the kidney and digestive gland. TEB treatment induced a time- and concentration-dependent increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, while the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was decreased. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT) also increased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in both tissues. TEB exposure significantly increased the mRNA levels of CAT, GPx, GR, heat shock proteins HSP40 and HSP70. Histological analysis revealed nephrocyte degeneration and disrupted digestive cells. The study concludes that acute exposure to TEB induces oxidative stress, alters antioxidant defense mechanisms, and leads to histopathological changes in L. stagnalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sezgi Somuncu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sakarya University, 54050 Serdivan, Türkiye
| | - Harika Atmaca
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140 Manisa, Türkiye
| | - Suleyman Ilhan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140 Manisa, Türkiye.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meng M, Zhai Z, Zhang Z, Kim J, Zhu Y. Metabolic pathway of tebuconazole by soil fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC36112. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 116:1385-1393. [PMID: 37843736 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole is the most widely used fungicide in agriculture. Due to its long half-life, tebuconazole residues can be found in the environment media such as in soil and water bodies. Here, the metabolic pathway of tebuconazole was studied in Cunninghamella elegans (C. elegans). Approximately 98% of tebuconazole was degraded within 7 days, accompanied by the accumulation of five metabolites. The structures of the metabolites were completely or tentatively identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). To identify representative oxidative enzymes that may be involved in the metabolic process, treatment with piperonyl butoxide (PB) and methimazole (MZ) was performed. PB had a strong inhibitory effect on the metabolic reactions, while MZ had a weak inhibitory effect. The results suggest that cytochrome P450 (CYP) and flavin-dependent monooxygenase are involved in the metabolism of tebuconazole. Based on the results, we propose a metabolic pathway for the fungal metabolism of tebuconazole. Data are of interest to gain insight into the toxicological effects of tebuconazole and for tebuconazole bioremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Meng
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Rd, Chengyang, Qingdao City, 266-109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhaochi Zhai
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Rd, Chengyang, Qingdao City, 266-109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Rd, Chengyang, Qingdao City, 266-109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jeonghan Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-Ro, Silim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongzhe Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Rd, Chengyang, Qingdao City, 266-109, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee WY, Lee R, Park HJ. Tebuconazole Induces ER-Stress-Mediated Cell Death in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell Lines. TOXICS 2023; 11:397. [PMID: 37112622 PMCID: PMC10144106 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole (TEB) is a triazole fungicide used to increase crop production by controlling fungi, insects, and weeds. Despite their extensive use, people are concerned about the health risks associated with pesticides and fungicides. Numerous studies have defined the cellular toxicity of triazole groups in pesticides, but the mechanisms of TEB toxicity in bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (MAC-T cells) have not yet been studied. Damage to the mammary glands of dairy cows directly affects milk production. This study investigated the toxicological effects of TEB on MAC-T cells. We found that TEB decreases both cell viability and proliferation and activates apoptotic cell death via the upregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins, such as cleaved caspases 3 and 8 and BAX. TEB also induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via the upregulation of Bip/GRP78; PDI; ATF4; CHOP; and ERO1-Lα. We found that TEB induced mitochondria-mediated apoptotic MAC-T cell death by activating ER stress. This cell damage eventually led to a dramatic reduction in the expression levels of the milk-protein-synthesis-related genes LGB; LALA; CSN1S1; CSN1S2; and CSNK in MAC-T cells. Our data suggest that the exposure of dairy cows to TEB may negatively affect milk production by damaging the mammary glands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Young Lee
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculure and Fisheries, Jeonju-si 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Ran Lee
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculure and Fisheries, Jeonju-si 54874, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Taylor R, Armstrong L, Bhattacharya A, Henry Z, Brinker A, Buckley B, Kong B, Guo G. Myclobutanil-mediated alteration of liver-gut FXR signaling in mice. Toxicol Sci 2023; 191:387-399. [PMID: 36511616 PMCID: PMC9936201 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of exposure to Myclobutanil, a triazole fungicide, on the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are unclear, but activation of nuclear receptors (NRs) is a known mechanism of azole-induced liver toxicity. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a NR and is highly expressed in the liver and intestine. Activation of FXR tightly regulates bile acid (BA), lipid and glucose homeostasis, and inflammation partly through the induction of fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15; human ortholog FGF19). FXR activation is downregulated during NAFLD and agonists are currently being explored as potential therapeutic strategy. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effects of Myclobutanil exposure on FXR activation and NAFLD development. Reporter assay showed Myclobutanil treatment, following FXR activation with potent FXR agonist (GW4064), resulted in a dose-dependent decrease of FXR activity. Furthermore, a 10-day study in male mice demonstrated that cotreatment with Myclobutanil led to an 80% reduction of GW4064-induced ileal expression of Fgf15. In a diet-induced NAFLD study, low-fat diet (LFD) fed mice administered myclobutanil displayed decreased FXR activity in the liver and ileum, while high-fat-high-sugar-diet (HFHSD) fed mice showed an increase in hepatic FXR activity and an induction of target genes regulated by constitutive androstane receptor and/or pregnane X receptor. Our work demonstrates Myclobutanil inhibits FXR activity and modulates FXR activity differentially in mice fed LFD or HFHSD. Our studies suggest the importance of understanding how Myclobutanil could contribute to BA dysregulation in disease states such as NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rulaiha Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Laura Armstrong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Anisha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zakiyah Henry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Anita Brinker
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Brian Buckley
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Grace Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.,VA New Jersey Health Care System, Veterans Administration Medical Center, East Orange, NJ 07017, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao Y, Zhao H, Xu H, An P, Ma B, Lu H, Zhou Q, Li X, Xiong Y. Perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure induces preeclampsia-like syndromes by damaging trophoblast mitochondria in pregnant mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114256. [PMID: 36327784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia, defined as a hypertensive disorder during pregnancy, is a major cause of maternal and fetal mortality. Observational studies have shown that the exposure of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), is emerging as a significant environmental factor associated with preeclampsia risk. However, epidemiologic evidence is of correlative in nature, and unable to establish a causal relationship. Here, we established an animal model of PFOS-induced preeclampsia to explore the molecular mechanism of PFOS in placental trophoblast. In the mouse model, PFOS exposure by gavage at a dose of 10 mg/kg/d from embryonic day 7.5-16.5 was sufficient to induce preeclampsia-like symptoms such as hypertension, proteinuria, and renal glomerular endotheliosis, accompanied with placental abnormal stromal collagen deposition. In-vitro experiments of JEG-3 cells, PFOS exposure impaired trophoblast motility including the compromised abilities of migration, invasion and vascularization. Mechanistically, these pathological effects on cells resulted from SLC25A5-mediated mitochondrial damages, characterized by excessive ROS generation, decreased ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and accompanied by the activation of p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways. This pioneering study provided biological plausibility to the causality verified by the animal model and the in vitro experiments, which indicates that PFOS exposure may cause preeclampsia during pregnancy via impairing trophoblast mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Huanqiang Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Huangfang Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Ping An
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Huiqing Lu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Qiongjie Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China.
| | - Yu Xiong
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China.
| |
Collapse
|