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Himmler S, van Exel J, Brouwer W, Neumann-Böhme S, Sabat I, Schreyögg J, Stargardt T, Barros PP, Torbica A. Braving the waves: exploring capability well-being patterns in seven European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2024; 25:563-578. [PMID: 37410345 PMCID: PMC11136820 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-023-01604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic considerably impacted the lives of European citizens. This study aims to provide a nuanced picture of well-being patterns during the pandemic across Europe with a special focus on relevant socio-economic sub-groups. This observational study uses data from a repeated, cross-sectional, representative population survey with nine waves of data from seven European countries from April 2020 to January 2022. The analysis sample contains a total of 25,062 individuals providing 64,303 observations. Well-being is measured using the ICECAP-A, a multi-dimensional instrument for approximating capability well-being. Average levels of ICECAP-A index values and sub-dimension scores were calculated across waves, countries, and relevant sub-groups. In a fixed effects regression framework, associations of capability well-being with COVID-19 incidence, mortality, and the stringency of the imposed lockdown measures were estimated. Denmark, the Netherlands, and France experienced a U-shaped pattern in well-being (lowest point in winter 2020/21), while well-being in the UK, Germany, Portugal, and Italy followed an M-shape, with increases after April 2020, a drop in winter 2020, a recovery in the summer of 2021, and a decline in winter 2021. However, observed average well-being reductions were generally small. The largest declines were found in the well-being dimensions attachment and enjoyment and among individuals with a younger age, a financially unstable situation, and lower health. COVID-19 mortality was consistently negatively associated with capability well-being and its sub-dimensions, while stringency and incidence rate were generally not significantly associated with well-being. Further investigation is needed to understand underlying mechanisms of presented patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Himmler
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Erasmus Centre for Health Economics Research (EsCHER), Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Job van Exel
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus Centre for Health Economics Research (EsCHER), Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Werner Brouwer
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus Centre for Health Economics Research (EsCHER), Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Neumann-Böhme
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus Centre for Health Economics Research (EsCHER), Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University of Hamburg, Esplanade 36, 20354, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Iryna Sabat
- Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University of Hamburg, Esplanade 36, 20354, Hamburg, Germany
- Nova School of Business and Economics, R. Holanda 1, 2775-405, Carcavelos, Portugal
| | - Jonas Schreyögg
- Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University of Hamburg, Esplanade 36, 20354, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tom Stargardt
- Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University of Hamburg, Esplanade 36, 20354, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pedro Pita Barros
- Nova School of Business and Economics, R. Holanda 1, 2775-405, Carcavelos, Portugal
| | - Aleksandra Torbica
- Centre for Research On Health and Social Care Management, CERGAS, Bocconi University, Via Röntgen N. 1, 20136, Milan, Italy
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Jin Y, Wang Y, Liu S, Niu S, Sun H, Liu Y, Liu N. The Relationship Between Stressful Life Events and Depressive Symptoms in College Students: mediation by Parenting Style and Gender's Moderating Effect. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1975-1989. [PMID: 38766317 PMCID: PMC11100962 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s461164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Stressful life events have a significant impact on the mental health of college students. Depression, as a prevalent psychological issue, has garnered attention in the field of college student mental health and is closely linked to it. Additionally, parenting style is identified as an important factor influencing the development of college students' mental health. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationship between these three factors. Methods A total of 8079 first-year college students from two medical universities in Shandong Province, China were surveyed. The Beck Depression Inventory was utilized to evaluate depressive symptoms among the college students, while the Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Checklist and the Egna Minnen Beträfande Uppfostran were employed to gather data. Subsequently, the SPSS macro program PROCESS was utilized to analyze both the mediating and moderating effects. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 26.0. Results The study found a detection rate of 6.3% for depressive symptoms among college students. The correlation analysis of this study showed that the stressful life events of college students were significantly positively correlated with depressive symptoms (r=0.261, p< 0.01). Each dimension of parenting style was associated with depressive symptoms in different degrees and directions. At the same time, parenting styles of all sizes play a partial mediating role between stressful life events and depressive symptoms in college students, gender plays a crucial regulatory role in this mediation. Conclusion Stressful life events experienced by college students have a significant impact on their mental health. Early intervention through positive parenting styles from parents may prove to be beneficial in promoting the development of good mental health among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiju Wang
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shusen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150076, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sifang Niu
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, 264003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Sun
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People’s Republic of China
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Torales J, Barrios I, Melgarejo O, Ruiz Díaz N, O'Higgins M, Navarro R, Amarilla D, Almirón-Santacruz J, González-Urbieta I, Caycho-Rodríguez T, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A. Hope, resilience and subjective happiness among general population of Paraguay in the post COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:489-497. [PMID: 38059364 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231216342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive mental health includes not only the absence of mental disorders but also the presence of subjective well-being, good coping strategies for life stress, and strategies for adapting to community life. It is well known that the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged mental health in general population worldwide. However, research has not measured protective factors for mental health in the general population after the declared end of pandemic by the World Health Organization. METHODS This observational, cross-sectional study surveyed 591 Paraguayan participants aged ⩾18 years, who were recruited through an online survey. Demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status were collected as well as mental health and validated tools for hope, resilience, subjective happiness were administered. RESULTS Of the participants, 81.6% were women, 54% were married or in a relationship and 90.7% reported an university education. The main source of stress was economic issues (30.3%). A total of 22.7% had been previously diagnosed with a mental disorder, 22.2% had consulted a mental health professional and 10.8% had consumed prescription drugs. 42.6% reported flourishing, 36.2% reported moderate and 21.2% reported languishing mental health. CONCLUSIONS This large survey has shown that most of participants reported a flourishing mental health with high ratings at hope, resilience, and subjective happiness scales. Also, the main sources of stress were economic issues, not consequently related to the pandemic. This may add evidences to the international debate on the long term effects of the global pandemic and probably suggests that recovery processes have been collectively adopted in Paraguay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Torales
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Iván Barrios
- Department of Statistics, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, Santa Rosa del Aguaray Campus, Santa Rosa del Aguaray, Paraguay
| | - Osvaldo Melgarejo
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Noelia Ruiz Díaz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Marcelo O'Higgins
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Rodrigo Navarro
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Diego Amarilla
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - José Almirón-Santacruz
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | | | - João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
- Department of Neuroscience, Fundação do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Mazur M, Jedliński M, Westland S, Piroli M, Luperini M, Ndokaj A, Janiszewska-Olszowska J, Nardi GM. Tooth Colour and Facial Attractiveness: Study Protocol for Self-Perception with a Gender-Based Approach. J Pers Med 2024; 14:374. [PMID: 38673002 PMCID: PMC11050876 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14040374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background. The aim of the present protocol is to assess whether self-perception of tooth colour and facial attractiveness correlates with gender and mood state. (2) Study protocol. The protocol foresees a cross-sectional clinical study, developed by Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, Department of Oral and MaxilloFacial Sciences, and 15 UNID (Unione Nazionale Igienisti Dentali-National Union of Dental Hygienists)-affiliated clinical centers in Italy. The protocol consists of a clinical visit, during which photographic documentation of the face and smile is collected with spectrophotometric evaluation of tooth colour. During the visit, two validated questionnaires are filled in. The first one is filled by the operator for the collection of data on: i) patient's face and smile colorimetric characteristics; ii) patient's and operator's evaluations of the dental colour and smile attractiveness. The second one is completed by the patient for the assessment of his/her mood state. (3) Conclusions. This protocol highlights the importance in aesthetic dentistry of a gender-specific approach and the limitations of gender-neutral models, revealing the existing gender differences in aesthetic self-perception. In addition, the colour-matching relationships between facial and dental colour characteristics will be explored. This approach improves the accuracy and personalization of aesthetic assessments in dentistry, by addressing personalized and gender-specific needs. A gender-inclusive methodology that takes a more nuanced and culturally aware approach to aesthetic dentistry is a useful adjunct to modern clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mazur
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (G.M.N.)
- Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańcow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Maciej Jedliński
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (G.M.N.)
- Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańcow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Stephen Westland
- School of Design, University of Leeds, Woodhouse, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Marina Piroli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (G.M.N.)
| | - Maurizio Luperini
- Unione Nazionale Igienisti Dentali-National Union of Dental Hygienists, (UNID), via Angelo Emo 144, 00136 Rome, Italy;
| | - Artnora Ndokaj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (G.M.N.)
| | - Joanna Janiszewska-Olszowska
- Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańcow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Gianna Maria Nardi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (G.M.N.)
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Büssing A, Starck L, van Treeck K, Roser T. Perception of Acceptance and Discrimination Among the LGBTQI + Community in their Churches and its Association with Spiritual Dryness: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study in Germany. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024:10.1007/s10943-024-02023-6. [PMID: 38519647 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-024-02023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Data from a cross-sectional survey with options for free text statements revealed that people who identify themselves as part of the LGBTQI+ community (n = 417) experienced both acceptance and discrimination by church members. Their negative experiences affected their relationship with God in terms of spiritual dryness and loss of faith. In regression analyses, the best predictors of life satisfaction and psychological well-being were self-acceptance and low spiritual dryness. This self-acceptance as a resource, mediated the link between spiritual dryness and life satisfaction. Nevertheless, 96% still wish for a church/faith community that welcomes all people-and accepts them as they are and feel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arndt Büssing
- Professorship Quality of Life, Spirituality and Coping, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Gerhard-Kienle-Weg 4, 58313, Herdecke, Germany.
| | - Lorethy Starck
- Institut für ganzheitliches Wohlbefinden, Resilienz und Spiritualität. Ein AnInstitut der Theologischen Hochschule Friedensau, 28215, Bremen, Germany
| | - Klaus van Treeck
- Institut für ganzheitliches Wohlbefinden, Resilienz und Spiritualität. Ein AnInstitut der Theologischen Hochschule Friedensau, 28215, Bremen, Germany
| | - Traugott Roser
- Professorship Practical Theology, Faculty of Theology, University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
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Nawa NE, Yamagishi N. Distinct associations between gratitude, self-esteem, and optimism with subjective and psychological well-being among Japanese individuals. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:130. [PMID: 38454459 PMCID: PMC10918921 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence suggests that the effectiveness of positive psychology interventions is influenced by a variety of factors, including cultural context. Identifying intervention targets that can effectively contribute to improving individual well-being under these boundary conditions is a crucial step when developing viable interventions. To this end, we examined how gratitude disposition, self-esteem, and optimism relate to the subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological well-being (PWB) of Japanese individuals. METHODS Multivariate regression analysis was employed to quantify the unique relationships between the three potential intervention targets and both SWB and PWB, while accounting for the influence of other variables. Participants (N = 71) also engaged in a 4-week experience sampling study to explore how gratitude, self-esteem and optimism shape the link between momentary affective states in everyday life and evaluations of day satisfaction. RESULTS Multivariate regression analysis revealed that self-esteem was predominantly more strongly associated with SWB compared to gratitude disposition, whereas gratitude disposition was more strongly associated with the PWB dimensions, particularly personal growth, positive relations with others and purpose in life. Experience sampling data indicated that while both gratitude disposition and self-esteem moderated the association between momentary positive affect and day satisfaction evaluations, they did so in opposite ways; greater gratitude disposition strengthened the association, while greater self-esteem weakened it. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the current results suggest that while gratitude, self-esteem, and optimism influence individual well-being as a whole, they likely play distinct roles in facilitating SWB and PWB in the studied cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Eiji Nawa
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Advanced ICT Research Institute, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontiers Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Noriko Yamagishi
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Advanced ICT Research Institute, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- College of Global Liberal Arts, Ritsumeikan University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-8570, Japan
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Kurt FY, Kahriman İ, Çolak B. The association of fear of COVID-19 on occupational stress in pediatric nurses: Examining the mediating role of psychological well-being. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 75:140-148. [PMID: 38159479 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the associations of fear of COVID-19 with occupational stress and the mediating role of psychological well-being in pediatric nurses. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2021 and February 2022. The sample consisted of 464 pediatric nurses from public or university hospitals in Türkiye. Data were collected using a sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Occupational Stress Scale, and the Psychological Well-Being Scale. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and regression analysis. RESULTS Participants' fear of COVID-19 was positively associated with their occupational stress (F = 17.263; p < 0.001) but negatively associated with their psychological well-being (F = 10.575; p = 0.001). Their psychological well-being was negatively associated with their occupational stress (F = 22.084; p < 0.001). Nurses fear of COVID-19 explained three and 2 % of their occupational stress and psychological well-being, respectively. Nurses' psychological well-being explained 4 % of their occupational stress. The results showed that participants' psychological well-being did not mediate between their fear of COVID-19 and occupational stress. CONCLUSION Pediatric nurses fear COVID-19 but have an above-mean level of occupational stress and psychological well-being. In conclusion, psychological well-being does not mediate between pediatric nurses' fear of COVID-19 and occupational stress. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The pandemic was a traumatic experience for pediatric nurses. Hospital administrators and nurse managers must monitor the psychosocial health of pediatric nurses and support them in times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Yılmaz Kurt
- Çanakkale On Sekiz Mart University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pediatric Nursing, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - İlknur Kahriman
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pediatric Nursing, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Bahar Çolak
- Karadeniz Technical University, Institute of Health Sciences, Pediatric Nursing, Trabzon, Turkey.
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Zhang Y, Li H, Chen G, Li B, Li N, Zhou X. The moderating roles of resilience and social support in the relationships between bullying victimization and well-being among Chinese adolescents: Evidence from PISA 2018. Br J Psychol 2024; 115:66-89. [PMID: 37632426 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Bullying victimization can undermine adolescents' well-being. However, few studies have comprehensively investigated the contributions of various victimization forms to well-being and compared which forms were more harmful than others. Evidence on whether resilience and social support moderate such associations is also limited. Using a sample of 12,058 Chinese adolescents in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018, this cross-sectional study aimed to (1) investigate the associations of physical, verbal and relational victimization with well-being; (2) compare the strengths of these associations; and (3) examine the moderating roles of resilience and teacher and parent support in these associations. Results showed that three victimization forms were associated with poorer well-being. Relational and physical victimization were more harmful to most studied well-being outcomes than verbal victimization. Furthermore, resilience weakened the negative effects of physical victimization on negative affect and life satisfaction but aggravated the negative effects of verbal victimization on both outcomes and the negative effect of relational victimization on school belonging. Teacher support intensified the negative effects of physical victimization on school belonging. Parent support was not effective in regulating the victimization-well-being association. The findings underscored the detrimental effects of bullying victimization on adolescents' well-being and the potentially harmful sides of resilience and social support. Implications for bullying prevention were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Li
- Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gaowei Chen
- Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- The Middle School Attached to Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Kauppi KJ, Roos ET, Borg PT, Cantell KS, Torkki PM. What is wellness? Investigating the importance of different domains of wellness among laypeople and experts: A survey study. Scand J Public Health 2024:14034948231217360. [PMID: 38217305 DOI: 10.1177/14034948231217360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Lack of consensus on wellness has led to a vast number of different conceptualisations, which hinder international efforts to monitor individual-level wellness and social progress comparably. This study aimed to aid in the harmonisation of the concept by contributing to the scarce research on laypeople's views on wellness. The study investigates whether the importance of different areas of wellness varies depending on age, gender, education or socio-economic position. Furthermore, considering that wellness models are often constructed by expert panels, this study aimed to shed light on how experts' and laypeople's views on wellness vary. METHODS Altogether, 1152 laypeople and 23 Finnish experts rated the importance of 61 systematic review-based wellness domains. Each domain received an ordinal number, which, together with the Mann-Whitney U-test or Kruskal-Wallis test, was used to examine the differences between the groups. RESULTS Thirteen wellness domains were found at the top of the lists, regardless of whether the results were analysed based on gender, age, education or socio-economic position. When looking at the priority order of different domains, we were able to identify several differences between the expert panel and laypeople. CONCLUSIONS To ensure the relevance of wellness models, it is vital to understand the areas that laypeople consider to be important for their comprehensive wellness. This study offers 13 domains that could be combined with an expert view on wellness and used as a starting point for creating a more comprehensive, inclusive and better-suited wellness instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista J Kauppi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eira T Roos
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Aava Medical Centre, Finland
| | | | | | - Paulus M Torkki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Newson M, Zhao Y, Zein ME, Sulik J, Dezecache G, Deroy O, Tunçgenç B. Digital contact does not promote wellbeing, but face-to-face contact does: A cross-national survey during the COVID-19 pandemic. NEW MEDIA & SOCIETY 2024; 26:426-449. [PMID: 38174349 PMCID: PMC10758341 DOI: 10.1177/14614448211062164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
With restricted face-to-face interactions, COVID-19 lockdowns and distancing measures tested the capability of computer-mediated communication to foster social contact and wellbeing. In a multinational sample (n = 6436), we investigated how different modes of contact related to wellbeing during the pandemic. Computer-mediated communication was more common than face-to-face, and its use was influenced by COVID-19 death rates, more so than state stringency measures. Despite its legal and health threats, face-to-face contact was still positively associated with wellbeing, and messaging apps had a negative association. Perceived household vulnerability to COVID-19 reduced the positive effect of face-to-face communication on wellbeing, but surprisingly, people's own vulnerability did not. Computer-mediated communication was particularly negatively associated with the wellbeing of young and empathetic people. Findings show people endeavored to remain socially connected, yet however, maintain a physical distance, despite the tangible costs to their wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marwa El Zein
- University College London, UK; Max-Planck for Human Development, Germany
| | | | | | - Ophelia Deroy
- Ludwig Maximilian University, Germany; University of London, UK
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11
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Kedare JS, Kadiani A, Patkar P, Gautam A. Mental health and well-being of women (menarche, perinatal, and menopause). Indian J Psychiatry 2024; 66:S320-S330. [PMID: 38445284 PMCID: PMC10911323 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_651_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mental well-being is now an increasingly researched and discussed topic that primarily involves taking care of mental health in a preventive manner and is more of a subjective concept. Mental well-being ensures mental health and measures taken toward it can protect the person's overall health. Discussing and researching this concept is of paramount importance as this will not just safeguard an individual life but the society at large. The lifetime of a woman is multidimensionally unique with a complex interplay of biological, sociocultural, and environmental aspects. This demands a diverse variety of factors required to ensure mental well-being in a woman. In addition to this, these determinants vary on the life stage the woman is in. Factors that influence this well-being are also specific when it comes to an Indian context. This chapter considers and discusses in detail the various aspects of the mental health and well-being of women in the pubertal, perinatal, and menopausal age groups. Determinants are unique to particular age groups of women, and measures to focus on and ensure it will be elaborated on. Finally, recommendations towards policy making are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahnavi S. Kedare
- Department of Psychiatry, TNMC and BYL Nair Ch Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Adnan Kadiani
- Department of Psychiatry, TNMC and BYL Nair Ch Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prajakta Patkar
- Department of Psychiatry, TNMC and BYL Nair Ch Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anita Gautam
- Consultant Psychiatrist, Gautam Hospital and Research Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Axon DR, Agu U. Correlation of Positive Psychological Health among US Adults (Aged ≥ 50 Years) with Pain and Documented Opioid Treatment. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 14:27. [PMID: 38247679 PMCID: PMC10813132 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to identify the factors correlated with positive psychological health among United States older adults (≥50 years) with pain and documented opioid treatment. This retrospective cross-sectional study utilized a nationally representative dataset (Medical Expenditure Panel Survey). A multivariable logistic regression model was developed to assess the correlation of positive psychological health in the eligible population. The logistic regression model showed having excellent/very good/good (versus fair/poor) perceived health (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 9.062; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.383, 15.254) had a statistically significant correlation with positive psychological health among the eligible population. This finding offers important insights for clinicians and policymakers to consider when formulating approaches to better manage the psychological health of United States older adults with pain and documented opioid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Axon
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1295 North Martin Avenue, P.O. Box 210202, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
- Center for Health Outcomes & Pharmacoeconomic Research (HOPE Center), College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1295 North Martin Avenue, P.O. Box 210202, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Uche Agu
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1295 North Martin Avenue, P.O. Box 210202, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
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13
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Mommersteeg PM, van Valkengoed I, Lodder P, Juster RP, Kupper N. Gender roles and gender norms associated with psychological distress in women and men among the Dutch general population. J Health Psychol 2023:13591053231207294. [PMID: 37933100 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231207294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Women report more psychological distress than men, which may be related to both biological sex and socio-cultural gender. We tested whether associations between gender and distress differ for women and men. The cross-sectional sample consisted of 678 Dutch people (54% women). Gender roles were assessed as masculinity and femininity. A composite gender norm score was calculated by summing gendered sociodemographics. Multivariate regressions examined sex, gender, and their interaction for depressive symptoms, anxiety, and perceived stress, additionally adjusted. Women reported more psychological distress. People scoring higher on masculine gender roles, but not feminine gender roles, reported lower psychological distress. A higher gender norm score was related to more depressive symptoms and perceived stress. This association was only present in men and was explained by health-related covariates. This research shows that there is a need to further elaborate on the discrepancies between sex and gender in health psychology research to better understand individual differences.
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Adedeji A, Olonisakin TT, Buchcik J, Metzner F, Tsabedze W, Boehnke K, Idemudia ES. The multicultural conceptualisation of well-being : The role of culture and circumstance in operationalising well-being in South Africa: A mixed-methods approach. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2041. [PMID: 37858144 PMCID: PMC10585799 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16966-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring and understanding indicators of better life outcomes have remained popular among social and health researchers. However, the subjective approach to measuring well-being has raised questions on the appropriateness of standard measures of well-being in multicultural settings. The current study examines generalised well-being and its dependence on the implicit understanding of individual culture and circumstances. METHODS A mixed-method approach with a cross-sectional design and focus group discussions was adopted. Fifteen focus group discussions with 66 participants were conducted in four provinces of South Africa. Descriptive statistics, correlations, regression analysis and analysis of variance were computed for quantitative data. The focus group discussions were analysed using a content analysis approach. The recorded focus group discussions were transcribed using the intelligent verbatim technique. Data analysis was done stepwise using open, axial, and selective coding techniques. RESULTS Quantitative analysis showed a strong and significant association between quality of life and income and a moderate association with educational attainment. The open coding technique for qualitative data confirmed 11 different subconstructs of well-being, mentioned 403 times during the 15 focus group discussions. Furthermore, well-being indicators varied based on participants' racial identity. CONCLUSIONS The findings confirm personal circumstance and culture as significant for interpreting results from well-being research. Furthermore, it supports Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, highlighting the movement from deficiency needs to growth needs after deficiency needs are met. Research must adopt a more sociological approach to improve the accuracy and implementibility of findings when using standardised measures of well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adekunle Adedeji
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany.
- Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences (BIGSSS), Constructor University, Bremen, Germany.
- Faculty of Humanities, North West University, Mafikeng, South Africa.
| | - Tosin Tunrayo Olonisakin
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Humanities, North West University, Mafikeng, South Africa
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Studies, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Johanna Buchcik
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franka Metzner
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wandile Tsabedze
- Faculty of Humanities, North West University, Mafikeng, South Africa
| | - Klaus Boehnke
- Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences (BIGSSS), Constructor University, Bremen, Germany
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Stara V, Soraci L, Takano E, Kondo I, Möller J, Maranesi E, Luzi R, Riccardi GR, Browne R, Dacunha S, Palmier C, Wieching R, Ogawa T, Bevilacqua R. Intrinsic Capacity and Active and Healthy Aging Domains Supported by Personalized Digital Coaching: Survey Study Among Geriatricians in Europe and Japan on eHealth Opportunities for Older Adults. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e41035. [PMID: 37824183 PMCID: PMC10603559 DOI: 10.2196/41035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide aging trend requires conceptually new prevention, care, and innovative living solutions to support human-based care using smart technology, and this concerns the whole world. Enabling access to active and healthy aging through personalized digital coaching services like physical activity coaching, cognitive training, emotional well-being, and social connection for older adults in real life could offer valuable advantages to both individuals and societies. A starting point might be the analysis of the perspectives of different professionals (eg, geriatricians) on such technologies. The perspectives of experts in the sector may allow the individualization of areas of improvement of clinical interventions, supporting the positive perspective pointed out by the intrinsic capacity framework. OBJECTIVE The overall aim of this study was to explore the cross-national perspectives and experiences of different professionals in the field of intrinsic capacity, and how it can be supported by eHealth interventions. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore geriatric care providers' perspectives about technology-based interventions to support intrinsic capacity. METHODS A survey involving 20 geriatricians or clinical experts in the fields of intrinsic capacity and active and healthy aging was conducted in Italy, France, Germany, and Japan between August and September 2021. RESULTS The qualitative findings pointed out relevant domains for eHealth interventions and provided examples for successful practices that support subjective well-being under the intrinsic capacity framework (the benefits offered by personalized interventions, especially by promoting health literacy but avoiding intrusiveness). Moreover, eHealth interventions could be used as a bridge that facilitates and enables social engagement; an instrument that facilitates communication between doctors and patients; and a tool to enrich the monitoring actions of medical staff. CONCLUSIONS There is an unexplored and significant role for such geriatric perspectives to help the development process and evaluate the evidence-based results on the effectiveness of technologies for older people. This is possible only when clinicians collaborate with data scientists, engineers, and developers in order to match the complex daily needs of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Stara
- Medical Direction, IRCCS, INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Soraci
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, IRCCS, INRCA, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Eiko Takano
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
| | - Izumi Kondo
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
| | - Johanna Möller
- Diocesan Caritas Association for the Archdiocese of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ryan Browne
- Smart-Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Cecilia Palmier
- Service de gériatrie 1&2, AP-HP, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
| | - Rainer Wieching
- Institute for New Media & Information Systems, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Toshimi Ogawa
- Smart-Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Pezirkianidis C, Christopoulou M, Galanaki E, Kounenou K, Karakasidou E, Lekka D, Kalamatianos A, Stalikas A. Exploring friendship quality and the practice of savoring in relation to the wellbeing of Greek adults. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1253352. [PMID: 37868602 PMCID: PMC10588444 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1253352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research findings demonstrate that both savoring ability and the presence of high-quality friendships play a significant role in enhancing one's overall sense of wellbeing. However, these associations have not been thoroughly investigated within a diverse range of adults across their lifespans, nor have they been explored in the specific cultural context of Greece. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to delve into the relationships between close friendship quality, the utilization of savoring techniques, and wellbeing within the Greek cultural framework. The study involved 771 adults from Greece with an average age of 38.35 years, who completed the McGill Friendship Functions Questionnaire, the PERMA Profiler, and the Abridged Ways of Savoring Checklist. Results revealed that there exists a positive correlation between friendship quality and savoring strategies with overall wellbeing. Moreover, the study identified a significant association wherein a greater employment of savoring strategies was linked to higher levels of friendship quality. While this study contributes valuable insights, it also has limitations that warrant acknowledgment. Furthermore, suggestions for potential future research directions are proposed, and the implications of these findings are discussed in relation to interventions aimed at enhancing both friendships and the practice of savoring across various contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Pezirkianidis
- Lab of Positive Psychology, Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Christopoulou
- Lab of Positive Psychology, Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Galanaki
- Lab of Psychology, Department of Primary Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliope Kounenou
- Department of Education, School of Pedagogical and Technological Education, Marousi, Greece
| | - Eirini Karakasidou
- Lab of Positive Psychology, Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Lekka
- Lab of Positive Psychology, Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Kalamatianos
- Department of Education, School of Education, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Anastassios Stalikas
- Lab of Positive Psychology, Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
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Garcia D, Kazemitabar M, Asgarabad MH. The 18-item Swedish version of Ryff's psychological wellbeing scale: psychometric properties based on classical test theory and item response theory. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1208300. [PMID: 37854148 PMCID: PMC10580072 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1208300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological wellbeing is conceptualized as the full engagement and optimal performance in existential challenges of life. Our understanding of psychological wellbeing is important for us humans to survive, adapt, and thrive during the challenges of the 21st century. Hence, the measurement of psychological wellbeing is one cornerstone for the identification and treatment of both mental illness and health promotion. In this context, Ryff operationalized psychological wellbeing as a six-dimensional model of human characteristics: self-acceptance, positive relations with others, environmental mastery, personal growth, autonomy, and purpose in life. Ryff's Psychological Wellbeing Scale has been developed and translated into different versions. Here, we examine and describe the psychometric properties of the 18-item Swedish version of Ryff's Psychological Wellbeing Scale using both Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT). Methods The data used in the present study was earlier published elsewhere and consists of 768 participants (279 women and 489 men). In addition to the 18-item version of the scale, participants answered the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule, and the Background and Health Questionnaire. We examined, the 18-item version's factor structure using different models and its relationship with subjective wellbeing, sociodemographic factors (e.g., education level, gender, age), lifestyle habits (i.e., smoking, frequency of doing exercise, and exercise intensity), and health issues (i.e., pain and sleeping problems). We also analyzed measurement invariance with regard to gender. Moreover, as an addition to the existing literature, we analyzed the properties of the 18 items using Graded Response Model (GRM). Results Although the original six-factor structure showed a good fit, both CTT and IRT indicated that a five-factor model, without the purpose in life subscale, provided a better fit. The results supported the internal consistency and concurrent validity of the 18-item Swedish version. Moreover, invariance testing showed similar measurement precision by the scale across gender. Finally, we found several items, especially the purpose in life's item "I live life one day at a time and do not really think about the future," that might need revision or modification in order to improve measurement. Conclusion A five-factor solution is a valid and reliable measure for the assessment of psychological wellbeing in the general Swedish population. With some modifications, the scale might achieve enough accuracy to measure the more appropriate and correct six-dimensional theoretical framework as detailed by Ryff. Fortunately, Ryff's original version contains 20 items per subscale and should therefore act as a perfect pool of items in this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Garcia
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Promotion of Health and Innovation (PHI) Lab, International Network for Well-Being, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maryam Kazemitabar
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
- Promotion of Health and Innovation (PHI) Lab, International Network for Well-Being, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Mojtaba Habibi Asgarabad
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Positive Youth Development Lab, Human Development and Family Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Center of Excellence in Cognitive Neuropsychology, Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Wang Y, Bao S, Chen Y. How does social media use influence the mental health of pancreatic cancer patients: a chain mediating effect of online social support and psychological resilience. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1166776. [PMID: 37441643 PMCID: PMC10333754 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1166776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is an extremely malignant disease that poses a serious threat to the mental health of patients. Many cancer patients now use social media for online social support. However, the impact of social media on mental health is currently inconsistent in the academic community. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the mediating effects of online social support and psychological resilience in the relationship between social media use and mental health of pancreatic cancer patients. Methods Four hundred and twenty-five valid questionnaires were collected through convenience sampling. All data were processed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0. We examine the influence relationships among latent variables by constructing a structural equation model. Then SPSS Process Macro was used to test the chain mediating effect of the model. Results The results showed that (1) anxiety situations occurred in 22.2% of participants (N = 94), while the incidence of depression was 20.2% (N = 86). (2) Social media use positively influenced online social support (β = 0.990, p < 0.001), psychological resilience (β = 0.504, p < 0.001), and mental health (β = 0.330, p < 0.001); online social support positively influenced psychological resilience (β = 0.535, p < 0.001) and mental health (β = 0.354, p < 0.001); psychological resilience significantly and positively influenced mental health (β = 0.243, p < 0.001). (3) The chain mediating effect of online social support and psychological resilience was significant at 0.253 with a confidence interval of [0.178, 0.340]. Conclusion Pancreatic cancer patients in China are exposed to a high burden of anxiety and depression, which requires urgent attention. Meanwhile, online social support and psychological resilience played a chain mediating role between social media use and mental health (anxiety and depression), and our results provide new insights and ways to support the mental health improvement of pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheng Bao
- School of Journalism and Communication, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
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19
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Almweisheer S, Bernstein CN, Graff LA, Patten SB, Bolton J, Fisk JD, Hitchon CA, Marriott JJ, Marrie RA. Well-being and flourishing mental health in adults with inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis in Manitoba, Canada: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073782. [PMID: 37295825 PMCID: PMC10277148 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Among people with immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID), including multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) most research has focused on mental illness rather than on mental health. We assessed dimensions of mental health among persons with IMID and compared them across IMID. We also evaluated demographic and clinical characteristics associated with flourishing mental health. DESIGN Participants: Adults with an IMID (MS, 239; IBD, 225; RA 134; total 598) who were participating in a cohort study. SETTING Tertiary care centre in Manitoba, Canada. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Participants completed the Mental Health Continuum Short-Form (MHC-SF), which measures emotional, psychological and social well-being, and identifies flourishing mental health. This outcome was added midway through the study on the advice of the patient advisory group. Depression, anxiety, pain, fatigue and physical function were also assessed. RESULTS Total MHC-SF and subscale scores were similar across IMID groups. Nearly 60% of participants were considered to have flourishing mental health, with similar proportions across disease types (MS 56.5%; IBD 58.7%; RA 59%, p=0.95). Older age was associated with a 2% increased odds of flourishing mental health per year of age (OR 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.04). Clinically meaningful elevations in anxiety (OR 0.25; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.51) and depressive symptoms (OR 0.074; 95% CI: 0.009 to 0.61) were associated with lower odds. Higher levels of pain, anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with lower total Mental Health Continuum scores at the 50th quantile. CONCLUSIONS Over half of people with MS, IBD and RA reported flourishing mental health, with levels similar across the disease groups. Interventions targeting symptoms of depression and anxiety, and upper limb impairments, as well as resilience training may help a higher proportion of the IMID population achieve flourishing mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza Almweisheer
- Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lesley A Graff
- Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Scott B Patten
- Community Health Sciences & Psychiatry, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - James Bolton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - John D Fisk
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, and Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carol A Hitchon
- Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James J Marriott
- Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ruth Ann Marrie
- Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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20
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Melero S, Verdugo L, Sánchez-Sandoval Y. Psychological wellbeing in adult adoptees: current age and developmental tasks. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1190147. [PMID: 37333601 PMCID: PMC10273841 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1190147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies about adult adoptees are normally focused on the differences in adjustment difficulties between them and non-adoptees. However, there has been less research about adoptees' positive and developmental adjustment in adulthood. The aim of this study is to test a model of the mediating role of adoptees' achievement of adulthood tasks in the relationship between current age and psychological wellbeing. Materials and methods The sample consisted of 117 adults who were adopted as children by Spanish families. Their current mean age is 28.3 years. Participants underwent an interview and completed Ryff's Psychological WellBeing Scales. Results Findings show that current age is directly and negatively related to psychological wellbeing [c' = -0.039, 95% CI (-0.078, -0.001)], and the relationship between these variables is mediated by adoptees' achievement of adulthood tasks [indirect effect = 0.035, 95% CI (.014, 0.059)]. Discussion The findings support traditional theories about transitioning to adulthood, and adds relevant information about this transition in adoptees. Moreover, this work indicates a new way of assessing adoption success, based on long-term measures and normative variables. Services providers should account for the importance of supporting young people on their life transitions and promoting their wellbeing, especially among those who started from disadvantaged contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Melero
- Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Research Unit Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Laura Verdugo
- Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Research Unit Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sánchez-Sandoval
- Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Research Unit Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
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21
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Yosep I, Mardhiyah A, Sriati A. Mindfulness Intervention for Improving Psychological Wellbeing Among Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:1425-1437. [PMID: 37251107 PMCID: PMC10224675 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s411849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic can cause mental health problems such as stress, social anxiety, depression, and decrease social life on students. Mental health problems need to be taken seriously to develop the stage of development and improve the psychological well-being of students on learning in the school. The aim of this study was to explore mindfulness interventions to improve psychological well-being among students. This study used the Scoping Review method. Literature from CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus databases. The keywords used in English are psychological wellbeing, students, and mindfulness. The inclusion criteria were full text, study design randomized control trial or quasi-experimental, English language, population and sample were students, and the publication period is the last 10 years (2013-2022). From 2194 articles based on initial research, we found 10 articles were analyzed related to mindfulness interventions consisting of several methods, namely internet-based mindfulness, mindfulness-based intervention, and mindfulness-based stress reduction. Most of samples the study from the United States with the range samples were 20-166 students. Mindfulness interventions can be carried out improve the psychological well-being of students. Mindfulness therapy is done by fully concentrating the mind in meditation so that it can improve psychological health. Providing mindfulness therapy involves health workers such as nurses and psychologists to provide comprehensive therapy covering both physical and psychological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyus Yosep
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Ai Mardhiyah
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Aat Sriati
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
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Psychological well-being in midlife following early childhood intervention. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:357-382. [PMID: 35068402 PMCID: PMC9308829 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study is the first to examine the relations between participation in a public early childhood intervention (the Child-Parent Center (CPC) program) and psychological well-being (or, positive functioning) into early mid-life. Data are drawn from the Chicago Longitudinal Study (CLS), which has followed a cohort of 1,539 individuals who grew up in urban poverty for over four decades. Approximately two-thirds of the original study cohort participated in the CPC program in early childhood; the rest comprise a demographically matched comparison group. Participants’ psychological functioning at age 35-37 was assessed using the Ryff Scales of Psychological Wellbeing. Results support a positive relationship between CPC preschool participation and long-term psychological wellbeing. Moderated mediation (e.g., whether CPC effects on wellbeing differ across subgroups) and potential mechanisms across multiple social-ecological levels (according to the 5-Hypothesis Model of early intervention) are also empirically investigated. Future directions for child development research, early childhood intervention, and public policy are discussed.
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23
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Association between Family Environment and Adolescents' Sexual Adaptability: Based on the Latent Profile Analysis of Personality Traits. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020191. [PMID: 36832320 PMCID: PMC9955034 DOI: 10.3390/children10020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sexual adaptation plays an important role in psychosexual health. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between the family environment and sexual adaptability among adolescents with different personality traits. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai and Shanxi province. A total of 1106 participants aged 14-19 was surveyed in 2019, including 519 boys and 587 girls. Univariate analyses and mixed regression models were performed to assess the association. Girls had a significantly lower average score of sexual self-adaptation compared to boys (4.01 ± 0.77 vs. 4.32 ± 0.64, p < 0.001). We found that the family environment did not impact boys' sexual adaptation in different personality groups. For girls in a balanced group, expressiveness factors improved their sexual adaptability (p < 0.05), intellectual-cultural orientation and organization promoted social adaptability (p < 0.05) and active-recreational orientation and control decreased their social adaptability (p < 0.05). In the high-neuroticism group, cohesion facilitated sexual control (p < 0.05), while conflict and organization reduced sexual control ability, and active-recreational orientation decreased sexual adaptation (p < 0.05). No factors associated with the family environment were found to influence sexual adaptability in groups with low neuroticism and high ratings in other personality factors. Compared with boys, girls demonstrated lower sexual self-adaptability, and their overall sexual adaptability was more susceptible to the family environment.
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Reisi S, Mohammadi Bougar Y, Mehrabi N, Ahmadi SM. Comparing hope and psychological well-being in parents of disabled and healthy children. JOURNAL OF SPIRITUALITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19349637.2022.2147466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Reisi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yusef Mohammadi Bougar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nastaran Mehrabi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Ahmadi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Cheng Q, Zhao G, Chen J, Deng Y, Xie L, Wang L. Gender differences in the prevalence and impact factors of adolescent dissociative symptoms during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20193. [PMID: 36418430 PMCID: PMC9684521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the differences between the prevalence and impact factors of adolescent dissociative symptoms (ADSs) by using sex-stratification during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A school-based, two-center cross-sectional study was conducted in Hangzhou City, China, between January 1, 2021 and April 30, 2022. The sample included 1,916 adolescents aged 13-18 years that were randomly selected using a multiphase, stratified, cluster sampling technique. A two-stage assessment procedure was used to find out the ADSs. We used a multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess the impact factors of ADSs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The adolescent dissociative scores (t = 4.88, P < 0.001) and positive ADSs rate (Chi-square = 15.76, P < 0.001) in males were higher than in females. Gender-stratified, stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the conflict relationship of teacher-student [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.10], family expressiveness (AOR 0.87, 95% CI 0.78-0.98), family conflict (AOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05-1.27), family organization (AOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78-0.99), and family cohesion (AOR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77-0.99) were linked to ADSs only in males, while individual psychological states of somatic complaint (AOR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00-1.08) and paranoid ideation (AOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.19) were associated with female ADSs only. The ADSs seemed to be prevalent in Hangzhou City, studied during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gender differences in the prevalence and impact factors of dissociative symptoms seem to be significant among adolescents. Thus, gender-specific intervention programs against ADSs should be considered as reducing this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Cheng
- grid.410735.40000 0004 1757 9725Division of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 568 Mingshi Road, Hangzhou, 310021 China ,grid.410595.c0000 0001 2230 9154School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310021 China
| | - Gang Zhao
- grid.410735.40000 0004 1757 9725Division of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 568 Mingshi Road, Hangzhou, 310021 China
| | - Junfang Chen
- grid.410735.40000 0004 1757 9725Division of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 568 Mingshi Road, Hangzhou, 310021 China
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- grid.410595.c0000 0001 2230 9154School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310021 China
| | - Li Xie
- grid.410735.40000 0004 1757 9725Division of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 568 Mingshi Road, Hangzhou, 310021 China
| | - Le Wang
- grid.410735.40000 0004 1757 9725Division of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 568 Mingshi Road, Hangzhou, 310021 China
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Analysis of Psychosomatic Disorders According to Age and Sex in a Rural Area: A Population-Based Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101730. [PMID: 36294869 PMCID: PMC9605088 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosomatic disorders can develop unevenly depending on certain health determinants; therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of psychosomatic disorders and the differences by age and sex in a rural area. We conducted an observational descriptive retrospective population study to determine the prevalence of 201 diagnoses of psychosomatic nature grouped into 25 diagnostic categories by sex and age groups. A total of 33,680 participants with a diagnosis of psychosomatic disorder were identified (64.6% women, 35.4% men). We found statistically significant differences based on sex in 13 of the 25 diagnostic categories previously defined. When we analyzed these categories by age, we found that women showed a higher probability, between 1.23 and 10.85 times, of suffering from most of these health issues. We also observed that the older the age group, the most often they had a diagnosis. Notably, more women seem to suffer from psychosomatic disorders when compared to men in the same situation. In most of these disorders, being of the female sex was a risk factor, and the older the participants, the greater the probability of developing a disorder.
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Zhao D, Li G, Zhou M, Wang Q, Gao Y, Zhao X, Zhang X, Li P. Differences According to Sex in the Relationship between Social Participation and Well-Being: A Network Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13135. [PMID: 36293720 PMCID: PMC9602840 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of different types of social participation on the components of well-being, as well as the differences according to sex in the relationship between social participation and well-being. This was a cross-sectional community study. Well-being was measured using the positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA) profile. Social participation included activities of daily life, sports and entertainment activities, and social service activities. The independent association between each type of social participation and the components of well-being was examined by using a network analysis in both males and females. Of all 1276 participants surveyed, 60% were females. The results of the network analysis showed that positive emotion-housework (0.263), positive emotion-games (0.102), engagement-housework (0.107), engagement-work (0.054), and meaning-socializing (0.085) had unique connections in males; the average predictability in the network was 0.417. For females, positive emotion-physical activity (0.102), engagement-associations or societies (0.071), relationships-physical (0.090), relationships-socializing (0.092), and relationships-volunteering activities (0.133) had significant connections; the average predictability in the network was 0.358. Different types of social participation may have different effects on the components of well-being. Furthermore, differences according to sex in the relationship between social participation and well-being should be considered when formulating interventions to improve well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Guopeng Li
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xinting Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Perceived workplace incivility and psychological well-being in higher education teachers: a multigroup analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-03-2021-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of perceived workplace incivility (WPI) on psychological well-being (PWB) in teachers of higher education and to test for the moderating role of gender and organizational tenure on the relationship between perceived WPI and PWB.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from teachers (N = 341) employed in government and private colleges through convenience sampling. A structural equation modeling technique was used for model testing.FindingsResults showed a moderate level of perceived WPI by teachers from their colleagues or supervisors. Perceived WPI had a negative impact on PWB. Sixteen percent of the variance in PWB was explained by perceived WPI. Further, the multigroup analysis showed gender to moderate the relationship between perceived WPI and PWB, and this relationship was stronger for males than females. Organizational tenure was not a significant moderator.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings expand the literature on perceived WPI and suggest that stringent policies are essential in academia to minimize the incidence of WPI. Additionally, interventions are to be introduced to mitigate the negative outcomes of WPI both at the individual and organizational levels.Originality/valueThe study explores the role of demographic variables (gender and organizational tenure) in the relationship between perceived WPI and PWB in teachers. The empirical evidence suggests higher perceived WPI in male teachers leading to lower PWB. The organizational tenure of an employee shows no influence on the assessment of the stressor.
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Di Cara NH, Winstone L, Sloan L, Davis OSP, Haworth CMA. The mental health and well-being profile of young adults using social media. NPJ MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 1:11. [PMID: 37994321 PMCID: PMC7615321 DOI: 10.1038/s44184-022-00011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between mental health and social media has received significant research and policy attention. However, there is little population representative data about who social media users are which limits understanding of confounding factors between mental health and social media. Here we profile users of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat and YouTube from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children population cohort (N=4,083). We provide estimates of demographics and mental health and well-being outcomes by platform. We find that users of different platforms and frequencies are not homogeneous. User groups differ primarily by sex and YouTube users are the most likely to have poorer mental health outcomes. Instagram and Snapchat users tend to have higher well-being than the other social media sites considered. Relationships between use-frequency and well-being differ depending on the specific well-being construct measured. The reproducibility of future research may be improved by stratifying by sex and being specific about the well-being constructs used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina H. Di Cara
- Department of Population Health Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lizzy Winstone
- Department of Population Health Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Oliver S. P. Davis
- Department of Population Health Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Claire M. A. Haworth
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Polat F, Karasu F, Yıldız M. The Effect of Religious Attitudes on Anxiety and Psychological Well-being in Risky Pregnancies: A Cross-Sectional Study from Turkey. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:2992-3010. [PMID: 35729300 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01597-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine how religious attitudes of risky pregnant women affect their anxiety and psychological well-being. This is a cross-sectional study. It was carried out on 137 women diagnosed with risky pregnancy between December 2021 and February 2022 in a state hospital in Osmaniye, located in the southern Turkey. The findings of the study revealed that the participants' religious attitudes affected their trait anxiety and psychological well-being. Being religious in fact, boosted psychological well-being of the participants and lowered their trait anxiety level. They had a moderate religious attitude and a moderate psychological well-being but they also suffered from high trait anxiety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Polat
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, 80010, Osmaniye, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Karasu
- Department of Nursing, Yusuf Şerefoğlu Faculty of Health Sciences, Kilis 7 Aralık University, 79000, Kilis, Turkey
| | - Metin Yıldız
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sakarya University, 54050, Sakarya, Turkey
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Rollero C, Czepczor-Bernat K, Fedi A, Boza M, Brytek-Matera A, Lemoine JE, Sahlan RN, Wilson E, De Piccoli N, Gattino S. Life satisfaction in Europe and Iran: the role of self-esteem, gender identification and ambivalent sexism. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Life satisfaction is one of the most relevant indicators of psychological health. The present study aimed at extending previous research on life satisfaction by examining its antecedents for men and women in five countries (e.g., Italy, Poland, Romania, the UK, and Iran), with different levels of gender equality, according to the Global Gender Gap Index. Besides traditional variables (i.e., age, self-esteem and income), we also investigated the role of ambivalent sexism and gender identification. Participants were 2561 adults (54% female). Results showed the key role of self-esteem for both men and women and across countries. Gender identification was positively associated with life satisfaction, with the only exception of the more gender egalitarian country, i.e., the UK. Furthermore, in the less egalitarian countries, i.e., Italy and Iran, life satisfaction is also positively related to benevolent stereotypes toward men. Taken together, findings underline the interdependence between personal and contextual dimensions in sustaining life satisfaction, and the role of gender as a significant variable in terms of both the existence of different patterns for men and women and the effects of gender stereotypes across cultures.
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Liang XH, Ren YL, Liang XY, Chen JY, Qu P, Tang X. Relationship between quality of life and adolescent glycolipid metabolism disorder: A cohort study. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:566-580. [PMID: 36051423 PMCID: PMC9329843 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i7.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of glucolipid metabolic disorders (GLMDs) in children and adolescents has a recognized association with cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adulthood. Therefore, it is important to enhance our under-standing of the risk factors for GLMD in childhood and adolescence.
AIM To explore the relationship between quality of life (QoL) and adolescent GLMD.
METHODS This study included 1956 samples in 2019 from a cohort study established in 2014. The QoL scale and glycolipid indexes were collected during follow-up; other covariates of perinatal factors, physical measures, and socioeconomic indicators were collected and adjusted. A generalized linear regression model and logistic regression model were used to analyse the correlation between QoL and GLMD.
RESULTS Higher scores of QoL activity opportunity, learning ability and attitude, attitude towards doing homework, and living convenience domains correlated negatively with insulin and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (IR) levels. Psychosocial factors, QoL satisfaction factors, and total QoL scores had significant protective effects on insulin and IR levels. Activity opportunity, learning ability and attitude, attitude towards doing homework domains of QoL, psychosocial factor, and total score of QoL correlated positively with high density lipoprotein. In addition, the attitude towards doing homework domain was a protective factor for dyslipidaemia, IR > 3, and increased fasting blood glucose; four factors, QoL and total QoL score correlated significantly negatively with IR > 3. In subgroup analyses of sex, more domains of QoL correlated with insulin and triglyceride levels, dyslipidaemia, and IR > 3 in females. Poor QoL was associated with an increased prevalence of GLMD, and the effect was more pronounced in males than in females. Measures to improve the QoL of adolescents are essential to reduce rates of GLMD.
CONCLUSION Our study revealed that QoL scores mainly correlate negatively with the prevalence of GLMD in adolescents of the healthy population. The independent relationship between QoL and GLMD can be illustrated by adjusting for multiple covariates that may be associated with glycaemic index. In addition, among females, more QoL domains are associated with glycaemic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Liang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yang-Ling Ren
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Liang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing-Yu Chen
- Ultrasound Department of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Ping Qu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xian Tang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing 400016, China
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Okeke CI, Ede MO, Amaeze FE. Assessment of sociodemographic and psychological well-being of Primary School Teachers. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022; 46:e20220479. [PMID: 35787305 PMCID: PMC11140766 DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2022-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teaching is very stressful and demanding and it intensifies psychological and related disorders compared to other occupations. Most teachers in Nigeria are battling emotional distress, burnout, depression, and anxiety due to excess workload, which has affected their psychological well-being. This study assessed the sociodemographic and psychological well-being of primary school teachers in Enugu State, Nigeria. METHODS This is a study with a cross-sectional design. The psychological well-being of 254 primary school teachers was assessed using a psychological well-being scale and a sociodemographic information inventory was also used to ascertain their personal information. The data collected were analyzed using chi-square, mean, standard deviation, and bivariate correlation statistics. RESULTS The results showed that the majority of primary school teachers experience unhealthy psychological well-being irrespective of age, gender, working status, qualification, and years of teaching experience. These teachers' sociodemographic variables are significantly correlated with psychological well-being. Only location is not significantly correlated with psychological well-being. CONCLUSION Therefore, this study concluded that primary school teachers' psychological well-being is not positive or healthy and is significantly related to their sociodemographic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinedu Ifedi Okeke
- Childhood EducationUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa Childhood Education , University of the Free State , Bloemfontein , South Africa .
| | - Moses Onyemaechi Ede
- Childhood EducationUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa Childhood Education , University of the Free State , Bloemfontein , South Africa .
| | - Fidelis Eze Amaeze
- Department of Educational FoundationsFaculty of EducationUniversity of NigeriaNsukkaEnuguNigeria Department of Educational Foundations , Faculty of Education , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Enugu , Nigeria .
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Korlat S, Holzer J, Schultes MT, Buerger S, Schober B, Spiel C, Kollmayer M. Benefits of Psychological Androgyny in Adolescence: The Role of Gender Role Self-Concept in School-Related Well-Being. Front Psychol 2022; 13:856758. [PMID: 35664189 PMCID: PMC9161024 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.856758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been repeatedly shown that the extent to which individuals adopt stereotypically masculine and feminine traits in their self-concept impacts their health and well-being. This is especially important in adolescence, when developmental changes and social pressures to conform to stereotypical gender roles can affect psychological functioning. However, previous studies investigating relationship between gender role self-concept and well-being in adolescents focused mostly on general well-being rather than well-being in specific contexts. Given that school is one of the most important contexts for adolescents’ development and well-being, the aim of this study was to investigate differences between adolescents with different gender role self-concepts (masculine, feminine, androgynous and undifferentiated) in school-related well-being. In line with the new conceptualization of well-being uniting hedonic (pleasure attainment and pain avoidance) and eudemonic (self-actualization and having meaningful purpose in one’s life) approaches, the present study used a measure of school-related well-being encompassing five domains suggested in the EPOCH (Engagement, Perseverance, Optimism, Connectedness and Happiness) model as well as a superordinate well-being factor. A total of 999 Austrian adolescents (52.2% girls, Mage = 13.79, SDage = 1.53) answered inventories assessing adolescents’ gender role self-concept (GRI-JUG) and school-related well-being (EPOCH-G-S). The results supported the androgyny model of well-being, showing clear advantages of having both positive masculine and feminine qualities in one’s self-concept for optimal levels of school-related well-being. In addition, our results indicated the strong importance of femininity in adolescence and the school context. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Korlat
- Department for Psychology of Development and Education, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Selma Korlat,
| | - Julia Holzer
- Department for Psychology of Development and Education, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie-Therese Schultes
- Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Buerger
- Department for Psychology of Development and Education, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Schober
- Department for Psychology of Development and Education, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Spiel
- Department for Psychology of Development and Education, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Kollmayer
- Department for Psychology of Development and Education, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Borualogo IS, Casas F. The children’s worlds psychological well-being scale: Adaptation and fit in the Indonesian context. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2022.2053377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferran Casas
- Doctoral Program on Education and Society, Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile
- Research Institute on Quality of Life Universitat de Girona, Spain
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Hopelessness and HIV infection: an exploratory study with a gender-specific perspective. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:46. [PMID: 35227317 PMCID: PMC8887031 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00755-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An understudied psychological response to HIV-related stressors among people living with HIV is hopelessness. Hopelessness is the expectation that things will not improve and feeling helpless to change one’s current situation. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence and levels of hopelessness and its direct and indirect contributors in people living with HIV in Sweden.
Methods Participants included 967 women and men from the “Living with HIV in Sweden” cross-sectional study with available data regarding hopelessness measured by the Beck Hopelessness Scale. Binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine direct and indirect factors that may contribute to feelings of hopelessness. Path analyses were used to assess the underlying structure of hopelessness. All analyses were conducted by gender. Results Almost half the participants reported moderate to severe hopelessness. There were no differences in frequency of feeling hopeless or level of hopelessness by gender or sexual orientation. Dissatisfaction with finances, dissatisfaction with physical health, and low HIV-related emotional support were found to be directly associated with hopelessness for both women and men. Although having some indirect factors in common, unemployment and HIV stigmatization, women and men had different underlying structures of hopelessness. Conclusions Our findings are important to HIV clinicians in identifying those at risk of hopelessness from a gender perspective in order to reduce preventable psychological distress among people living with HIV.
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Bolijn R, Kunst AE, Appelman Y, Galenkamp H, Moll van Charante EP, Stronks K, Tan HL, van Valkengoed IG. Prospective analysis of gender-related characteristics in relation to cardiovascular disease. Heart 2022; 108:1030-1038. [PMID: 35197307 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2021-320414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence between men and women have been widely reported. Next to sex-related (biological) characteristics, gender-related (sociocultural) characteristics may partly explain how these differences arise. In this exploratory study, we examined the associations between selected gender-related characteristics and CVD incidence. METHODS We linked baseline data of 18 058 participants without CVD from the population-based, multiethnic HEalthy LIfe in an Urban Setting study (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) to CVD incidence data, based on hospital admission and death records from Statistics Netherlands in 2013-2018. Using Cox regression analyses, we studied associations of time spent on household work, doing home repairs, primary earner status, type of employment, working in a male-dominated or female-dominated occupation and desire for emotional support with CVD incidence, stratified by sex. Analyses were adjusted for age, ethnicity and socioeconomic status. RESULTS In men, gender-related characteristics were not associated with higher CVD incidence. In women, homemakers had a higher hazard for CVD compared with full-time workers (HR 2.34, 95% CI 1.35 to 4.04), whereas those spending a moderate amount of time on household work had a lower hazard for CVD than those spending little time (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.95). CONCLUSION Although we found no evidence for associations between gender-related characteristics and CVD incidence in men, being the homemaker and moderate time spent on household work appeared to be associated with CVD incidence in women. Thus, attention to gender-related characteristics might in future help to identify subgroups that may benefit from additional prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Bolijn
- Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton E Kunst
- Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande Appelman
- Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrike Galenkamp
- Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric P Moll van Charante
- Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,General Practice, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanno L Tan
- Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Streck H, Nishen AK, Kessels U. Instrumentality Gives Girls the Edge: Gender-Differential Relations Between Instrumentality, Achievement Motivation, and Self-Esteem. SEX ROLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-021-01270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGender differences in school are often discussed in reference to a particular type of masculinity, negative masculinity, which is often conceptualized as detrimental to success. Another type of masculinity, instrumentality, has rarely been studied in schools even though instrumental characteristics are often exalted outside the academic context. The current study focuses on potential benefits that students may reap from instrumentality. The extent to which an instrumental self-concept is directly and indirectly associated with achievement motivation and self-esteem was examined for adolescent boys and girls in a structural equation model (SEM). A sample of German ninth graders (N = 355) completed self-report measures pertaining to their gender role self-concept, hope for success, fear of failure, and global and academic contingent self-esteem. The SEM revealed that instrumentality was associated with lower fear of failure and higher hope for success for both male and female adolescents. High scores in instrumentality were associated with greater self-esteem and lower academic contingent self-esteem. The association between instrumentality and global self-esteem was stronger for adolescent girls, and the indirect association between instrumentality and fear of failure through global self-esteem was significant only for girls. Results indicate that instrumentality can be an asset for students and that female students especially reap the benefits of an instrumental self-concept. The results are discussed in reference to the dangers of emphasizing solely the association between negative masculinity and academic failure, and the importance of studying relations with gender role self-concept separately for male and female adolescents.
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Lu YM, Chen CH, Lue YJ. A cross-sectional study of disability and quality of life in patients with low back pain: Focus on sex and gender. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2022; 35:177-184. [PMID: 34092600 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-200319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex and gender affect responses to pain, but little is known about disability and quality of life. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of sex and gender on disability and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with low back pain. METHODS Ninety-three patients with low back pain were included in this cross-sectional survey study. Disability, HRQOL and gender identity were respectively assessed with the Oswestry Disability Index, Short Form-36 and Bem Sex Role Inventory. The participants were classified into four gender role orientations (masculinity, femininity, androgyny and undifferentiated). One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze both the sex and the gender role orientation. RESULTS Females had higher disability than males (p< 0.05), but in gender identity, no significant difference was found. Seven domains of HRQOL were lower than the healthy norms. Males experienced greater impacts than females on vitality and mental health (p< 0.05). For gender identity, five domains of HRQOL had significant differences (p< 0.05). Masculinity orientation had the least impact on four domains (p< 0.05), while undifferentiated orientation had the largest impact on all domains. CONCLUSION Sex and gender effects can be used to analyze disability and HRQOL in patients with low back pain. Females have higher disability, while HRQOL is greatly influenced by different gender role orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Mou Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hwan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jing Lue
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Bermejo-Franco A, Sánchez-Sánchez JL, Gaviña-Barroso MI, Atienza-Carbonell B, Balanzá-Martínez V, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Gender Differences in Psychological Stress Factors of Physical Therapy Degree Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020810. [PMID: 35055632 PMCID: PMC8776211 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of the study was to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the mental health and quality of life of male and female physical therapy students at the European University of Madrid. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted including a range of tests capturing different domains: 36-item Short Form Health Survey, six-item state version of the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, Three Items Loneliness Scale, four-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale, Beck Depression Inventory revised version, and Sleep Quality Numeric Rating Scale. (3) Results: A total of 151 students completed the study, consisting of 78 females and 73 males. Gender differences were observed on most of the domains evaluated. Female participants showed worse levels of general health perception, quality of life, depression symptoms, anxiety, stress, experiential avoidance and psychological inflexibility, sleep quality and loneliness compared to male physical therapy students. (4) Conclusions: The results of this study support the need of psychological interventions as preventive programs in situations such as COVID-19 pandemic. The aims of this study comprise of improving knowledge, awareness, and self-coping strategies or other psychological domains oriented to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on mental health and health-related quality of life in university students, especially among female ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bermejo-Franco
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-F.); (M.I.G.-B.); (V.J.C.-S.)
| | - Juan Luis Sánchez-Sánchez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-F.); (M.I.G.-B.); (V.J.C.-S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - María Isabel Gaviña-Barroso
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-F.); (M.I.G.-B.); (V.J.C.-S.)
| | | | - Vicent Balanzá-Martínez
- Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-F.); (M.I.G.-B.); (V.J.C.-S.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
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Sfeir M, Akel M, Hallit S, Obeid S. Factors associated with general well-being among Lebanese adults: The role of emotional intelligence, fear of COVID, healthy lifestyle, coping strategies (avoidance and approach). CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-10. [PMID: 35018085 PMCID: PMC8736324 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
General well-being is best described as the state of mind that gives people happiness and satisfaction in life. This concept is influenced by behaviors and attitudes that individuals do on a daily basis. The purpose of this study was to understand how general well-being is correlated with other factors such as emotional intelligence, Covid-19-induced fear, healthy lifestyle, and coping strategies. This cross-sectional study was carried out between December 2020 and January 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic when lockdown restrictions were implemented at different instances. A total of 470 individuals participated. The results of a linear regression, taking the general well-being schedule score as the dependent variable, showed that more avoidance coping (B = 1.05, t(459) =8.44, p < 0.001), higher healthy lifestyle scores (B = 0.45, t(459) = 5.45, p < 0.001), and more approach coping (B = 0.42, t(459) = 4.03, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher GWB schedule scores. Moreover, having more fear of COVID-19 (B = -0.62, t(459) = -5.09, p < 0.001) and female gender (B = -6.80, t(459) = -4.34, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with lower GWB schedule scores. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Lebanon to evaluate GWB and factors that predict it among the general population. Nevertheless, more comprehensive future studies with longitudinal designs, more diverse socio-demographic backgrounds of sampled population recruited via probability sampling, and more reliable and valid instruments utilized are warranted to confirm our findings and draw a more certain conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Sfeir
- Institute of Psychology (IP), Faculty of social and political sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marwan Akel
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
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Stanyte A, Podlipskyte A, Milasauskiene E, Király O, Demetrovics Z, Ambrasas L, Burkauskas J, Steibliene V. Mental Health and Wellbeing in Lithuanian Medical Students and Resident Doctors During COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:871137. [PMID: 35573339 PMCID: PMC9092277 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.871137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a negative effect on mental health and subjective psychological wellbeing. One of the most affected population is medical students, reporting higher levels of depression, anxiety, sleep difficulties, and overall poorer wellbeing. However, the relationship between depression, anxiety, and sleep difficulties, and subjective psychological wellbeing has not been extensively researched in medical students in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between depression, anxiety, and sleep quality, and subjective psychological wellbeing. METHODS In total, 524 medical students and resident doctors (78.6% female, mean age 24 ± 3 years old) participated in an online survey between December 2020 and February 2021. Participants completed the WHO-Five Wellbeing Index Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7. RESULTS Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that female participants' worse subjective psychological wellbeing was associated with sleep difficulties [odds ratio (OR) = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.37-4.18, p = 0.002], higher depression (OR = 6.13, 95% CI = 3.46-10.88, p < 0.001), and anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.66-5.22, p < 0.001). In male participants, analysis revealed an association between worse subjective psychological wellbeing and higher depression scores (OR = 9.94, 95% CI = 3.29-30.03, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Sex differences are an important factor to consider when evaluating subjective psychological wellbeing. Clinicians should be aware of significant contributors, such as sleep patterns anxiety, and depression, to subjective psychological wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Stanyte
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Podlipskyte
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Egle Milasauskiene
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Orsolya Király
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Laurynas Ambrasas
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Vesta Steibliene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania.,Clinic of Psychiatry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Dazzi F, Fonzi L, Pallagrosi M, Duro M, Biondi M, Picardi A. Relationship Between Gender and Clinician’s Subjective Experience during the Interaction with Psychiatric Patients. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2021; 17:190-197. [PMID: 35173787 PMCID: PMC8728565 DOI: 10.2174/1745017902117010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The clinician’s subjective experience can be a valuable element for diagnosis and treatment. A few factors have been recognized that affect it, such as the patient’s personality, the severity of psychopathology, and diagnosis. Other factors, such as patient’s and clinician’s gender, have not been specifically investigated. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of gender differences on the clinician’s subjective experience in a large sample of psychiatric patients. Methods: The study involved 61 psychiatrists and 960 patients attending several inpatient and outpatient psychiatric settings. The clinicians completed the Assessment of Clinician's Subjective Experience (ACSE) questionnaire after observing each patient for the first time. Results: In multivariate analysis, higher scores on the Difficulty in Attunement (p < 0.001), Engagement (p<0.05), and Impotence (p<0.01) scales were significantly associated with female clinician gender, whereas higher scores on the Tension and Disconfirmation scales were significantly associated with male clinician gender. The scores on all ACSE dimensions were also associated with the severity of psychopathology. Conclusion: The findings suggest that clinician’s gender might affect a clinician’s emotional response toward patients. Specific attention to this issue might be useful in clinical situations, not only in terms of promoting gender-balanced teams but also in terms of enhancing self-observation in clinicians evaluating patients for the first time.
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Landau C, Novak AM, Ganz AB, Rolnik B, Friedman E, Lev-Ari S. Effect of Inquiry-Based Stress Reduction on Well-being and Views on Risk-Reducing Surgery Among Women With BRCA Variants in Israel: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2139670. [PMID: 34962562 PMCID: PMC8715352 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.39670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The high risk for breast and ovarian cancers conferred by being a carrier of BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline variant can negatively impact physical and psychological well-being. Novel nonpharmacological interventions on well-being in women with BRCA variants have rarely been reported. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of a 12-week inquiry-based stress reduction (IBSR) program on psychological well-being, sleep quality, psychosocial variables, and attitudes toward risk-reducing surgical procedures among women in Israel who carried BRCA variants. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This randomized clinical trial had a 12-week intervention period and a 12-week follow-up period. It was conducted between April 1, 2017, and July 31, 2020. Participants were recruited from the Meirav Breast Center at the Sheba Medical Center, Israel, and the intervention was conducted in Tel Aviv, Israel. The cohort included women with BRCA variants. Data were analyzed from August 1 to December 1, 2020. INTERVENTIONS Women were randomly assigned to the 12-week IBSR program or standard care. The IBSR technique is based on the skills of mindfulness, inquiry, and cognitive reframing. The intervention included standardized, weekly group meetings conducted throughout 12 weeks. Standard care included semi-annual breast examinations and breast magnetic resonance imaging (alternating), a gynecological examination, a transvaginal ultrasonographic examination, and CA-125 serum determination. Differences between the groups were tested using mixed-effects models in an intent to treat analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was psychological well-being, including 6 parameters: autonomy, personal growth, positive relationships, control of the environment, goals in life, and self-acceptance. Secondary outcomes included sleep quality, attitudes toward risk-reducing surgical procedures, and psychosocial variables. Questionnaires were administered at baseline (T1), at completion of the 12-week intervention (T2), and 12 weeks after completion of the intervention (T3). RESULTS Overall, 100 women (mean [SD] age, 41.37 [11.06] years) completed the study, with 50 randomized to the intervention group and 50 randomized to the control group. Mean (SD) time from variant discovery was 4.7 (3.3) years. There were no differences between the intervention and control groups in baseline mean (SD) scores of psychological well-being parameters (autonomy: 55.20 [11.12] vs 56.77 [9.90]; environmental control: 56.30 [11.98 vs 58.51 [11.41]; positive relationships: 63.10 [15.91] vs 68.10 [9.86]; goals in life: 60.00 [14.12] vs 64.82 [10.57]; self-acceptance: 55.02 [16.62] vs 60.32 [13.50]) except personal growth (63.70 [14.66] vs 68.85 [8.07]). The IBSR group, compared with the control group, experienced better mean (SD) scores on all psychological well-being parameters at T2 (autonomy: 63.64 [8.35] vs 54.73 [10.41]; environmental control: 63.95 [10.05] vs 57.45 [11.43]; personal growth: 73.00 [8.34] vs 65.76 [10.95]; positive relationships 71.17 [9.99] vs 65.06 [12.58]; goals in life: 67.57 [8.88] vs 61.18 [12.87]; self-acceptance: 66.93 [11.15] vs 58.09 [15.55]) and at T3 (autonomy: 62.68 [9.05] vs 56.12 [10.64]; environmental control: 64.55 [10.28] vs 59.35 [12.98]; personal growth: 72.00 [8.06] vs 67.15 [11.82]; positive relationships: 71.24 [9.78] vs 66.92 [12.37]; goals in life: 68.33 [8.54] vs 62.92 [13.24]; self-acceptance: 66.84 [11.35] vs 58.97 [17.03]). Individuals in the IBSR group also experienced statistically significant improvements in sleep quality (mean [SD]: T1, 7.35 [3.97]; T3, 4.63 [3.21], P < .001), whereas the control group experienced no statistically significant difference. Women in the intervention group had a more favorable consideration of risk-reducing oophorectomy, from 7 women (14%) who refused to consider oophorectomy at T1 to 1 woman (2%) who refused to consider it at T3 (P = .04), and similar change in consideration of mastectomy: from 23 women (46%) who refused to consider mastectomy at T1 to 13 women (29%) who refused to consider it at T3 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This randomized clinical trial found that IBSR improved psychological well-being and led to a more favorable view on risk-reducing surgical procedures for at least 6 months among women in Israel who carried BRCA variants. These results suggest that IBSR may be implemented as a self-practice tool to enhance the well-being of individuals who carry BRCA variants and support them in their decision-making processes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03162276.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Landau
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anne Marie Novak
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel B. Ganz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Benjamin Rolnik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Eitan Friedman
- Suzanne Levy-Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shahar Lev-Ari
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Understanding the impact of motor activity on the mental well-being of older people. Int Psychogeriatr 2021; 33:1237-1239. [PMID: 34105445 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610220003701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lovreglio P, Leso V, Riccardi E, Stufano A, Pacella D, Cagnazzo F, Luigia Ercolano M, Iavicoli I. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: the psychological well-being in a cohort of workers of a multinational company. Saf Health Work 2021; 13:66-72. [PMID: 34703629 PMCID: PMC8530783 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychological well-being (PWB) during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in workers of a multinational company. Methods Employees (aged ≥18 years) were recruited from Latin American, North American, New Zealand, and European sites of a multinational company operative during all the pandemic period. The self-reported Psychological General Well-Being Index was used to assess the global PWB and the effects on six subdomains: anxiety, depressed mood, positive well-being, self-control, general health, and vitality. The influencing role of age, gender, geographical location, COVID-19 epidemiology, and restrictive measures adopted to control the pandemic was explored. Results A total of 1335 workers completed the survey. The aggregate median PWB global score was in a positive range, with significantly better outcomes detected in the Mexican and Colombian Latin American sites compared with the other worldwide countries (p < 0.001). Among the European locations, a significantly higher PWB score was determined in Spain compared with the German and French sites (p < 0.05). Comparable geographical trends were demonstrated for all the PWB subdomains. Male workers had a significantly better PWB compared with females (p < 0.05), whereas a negative correlation emerged with aging (p = 0.01). COVID-19 epidemiology and pandemic control measures had no clear effects on PWB. Conclusion Monitoring PWB and the impact of individual and pandemic-related variables may be helpful to clarify the mental health effects of pandemic, define targeted psychological-supporting measures, also in the workplace, to face such a complex situation in a more constructive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Lovreglio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Veruscka Leso
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Riccardi
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Stufano
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Pacella
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Cagnazzo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Luigia Ercolano
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Pir S, Hashemi L, Gulliver P, Fanslow J. Psychometric evaluation of the mental health continuum-short form (MHC-SF) in a New Zealand context – a confirmatory factor analysis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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48
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Rodríguez-Roca B, Subirón-Valera AB, Gasch-Gallén Á, Calatayud E, Gómez-Soria I, Marcén-Román Y. Gender Self-Perception and Psychological Distress in Healthcare Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010918. [PMID: 34682657 PMCID: PMC8536048 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze university Health Sciences students’ self-perception regarding gender stereotypes, and to explore whether there was any association between gender stereotypes and clinical/socio-demographic variables. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 252 university students who completed a self-administrated online questionnaire (18.3% males, 81.7% females). We evaluated the self-perception of gender stereotypes as determined using the BSRI-12 questionnaire and explored the association of this measure with the impact of perceived stress measured using a modified scale (PSS-10-C) as well as anxiety and depression according to scores on the Goldberg scale (GADS). Results: According to the students’ self-perception of gender stereotypes, 24.9% self-perceived themselves as feminine, 20.1% as masculine, 24.9% as androgynous, and 30% as undifferentiated. The degree determines self-identification with gender stereotypes. Nursing and Occupational Therapy are studied mostly by women, 28.4% and 45%, respectively, while Physiotherapy is studied mainly by men (71.2%). Females indicated more anxiety (75.7%) and depression (81.7%) than males (52.9% and 67.3%, respectively). In contrast, males developed more stress (88.5%) than females (74.1%). Conclusions: University degree, anxiety, depression, and stress determined self-identification with gender stereotypes. The results of this study indicate that gender roles influence the possibility of developing mental disorders and should be taken into account in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rodríguez-Roca
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (B.R.-R.); (A.B.S.-V.); (Á.G.-G.); (Y.M.-R.)
| | - Ana Belén Subirón-Valera
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (B.R.-R.); (A.B.S.-V.); (Á.G.-G.); (Y.M.-R.)
| | - Ángel Gasch-Gallén
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (B.R.-R.); (A.B.S.-V.); (Á.G.-G.); (Y.M.-R.)
| | - Estela Calatayud
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (B.R.-R.); (A.B.S.-V.); (Á.G.-G.); (Y.M.-R.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (I.G.-S.)
| | - Isabel Gómez-Soria
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (B.R.-R.); (A.B.S.-V.); (Á.G.-G.); (Y.M.-R.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (I.G.-S.)
| | - Yolanda Marcén-Román
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (B.R.-R.); (A.B.S.-V.); (Á.G.-G.); (Y.M.-R.)
- Institute for Health Research Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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49
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Luckhoff HK, Asmal L, Scheffler F, du Plessis S, Buckle C, Chiliza B, Kilian S, Smit R, Phahladira L, Emsley R. Gender role endorsement in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Psychiatry Res 2021; 299:113867. [PMID: 33751988 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sex (a biological distinction) and gender (a social construct) are inter-related, but semi-independent measures. The aim of our research was to compare gender role endorsement between first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients (n=77) and matched controls (n=64). The Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) was used to assess masculinity and femininity scores as separate linear measures. This well-known research instrument also allowed us to examine gender as a categorical measure based on sex-specific cut-off scores calculated for controls as our normative reference sample using a median-split technique. First, we found that both masculinity and femininity scores differed between patients and controls. The distribution of gender as a categorical measure also differed between the two groups. Post-hoc testing with correction for multiple comparisons identified masculinity scores in particular as being lower in both male and female patients compared to controls of the corresponding sex. In conclusion, lower masculinity scores reported for chronic schizophrenia also affects first-episode patients with minimal prior treatment exposure irrespective of their biological sex. Future studies would do well to examine the associations of sex and gender with clinical and treatment outcomes from the perspective of the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia as a proposed "disorder of the self".
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Luckhoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - L Asmal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - F Scheffler
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S du Plessis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Buckle
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B Chiliza
- Department of Psychiatry, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - S Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L Phahladira
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Emsley
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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50
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Nagasu M, Muto K, Yamamoto I. Impacts of anxiety and socioeconomic factors on mental health in the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population in Japan: A web-based survey. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247705. [PMID: 33730044 PMCID: PMC7968643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic worldwide, individuals experience considerable psychological distress daily. The present study aimed to clarify the prevalence of psychological distress and determine the population most affected by risk factors such as the pandemic, socioeconomic status (SES), and lifestyle-related factors causing psychological distress in the early phases of the pandemic in Japan. This study was conducted via a web-based survey using quota sampling to ensure representativeness of the Japanese population aged 20–64 years. A cross-sectional study of 11,342 participants (5,734 males and 5,608 females) was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire that included the Japanese version of the Kessler 6 Psychological Distress Scale (K6) and questions related to the pandemic, SES, and lifestyle. The prevalence of psychological distress, represented by a K6 score of 5 or more, was 50.3% among males and 52.6% among females. Both males and females with annual household incomes less than 2 million yen and males aged in their twenties had significantly higher K6 scores than those with annual household incomes above 2 million yen and males aged over 30 years. Binary logistic regression analyses found pandemic-related factors such as medical history, inability to undergo clinical tests immediately, having trouble in daily life, unavailability of groceries, new work style, and vague anxiety; SES-related factors such as lesser income; and lifestyle-related factors such as insufficient rest, sleep, and nutritious meals to be significantly related to psychological distress. Psychological distress was more prevalent among people with low income and in younger generations than among other groups. There is an urgent need to provide financial, medical, and social support to those affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwako Nagasu
- Faculty of Economics, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kaori Muto
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isamu Yamamoto
- Faculty of Business and Commerce, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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