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Meller FDO, Quadra MR, Santos LPD, Dumith SC, Eugenio FD, Silva TJD, Mendes JVS, Schäfer AA. Association between job lost and mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of food insecurity as mediator of this relationship. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2024; 40:e00110523. [PMID: 38896594 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen110523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association between employment status and mental health, considering food insecurity as a mediator of this relation. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with adults (≥ 18 and < 60 years) during the COVID-19 outbreak in two cities from Southern Brazil. Employment status was categorized into working, not working, and lost job. The mental health outcomes evaluated were depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and sadness. Food insecurity was identified by the short-form version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Adjusted analyses using Poisson regression were performed to assess the association between employment status and mental health. Mediation analysis was performed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of employment status on mental health outcomes. In total, 1,492 adults were analyzed. The not working status was associated with 53% and 74% higher odds of perceived stress and of sadness, respectively. Being dismissed during the pandemic increased the odds of depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and sadness by 68%, 123%, and 128%, respectively. Mediation analyses showed that food insecurity was an important mediator of the association between employment status and depressive symptoms and sadness, but not of perceived stress. The complexity of these results highlights economic and nutritional aspects involved in mental health outcomes.
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Fountoulakis KN, Vrublevska J, Abraham S, Adorjan K, Ahmed HU, Alarcón RD, Arai K, Auwal SS, Berk M, Bjedov S, Bobes J, Bobes-Bascaran T, Bourgin-Duchesnay J, Bredicean CA, Bukelskis L, Burkadze A, Abud IIC, Castilla-Puentes R, Cetkovich M, Colon-Rivera H, Corral R, Cortez-Vergara C, Crepin P, De Berardis D, Delgado SZ, De Lucena D, De Sousa A, Di Stefano R, Dodd S, Elek LP, Elissa A, Erdelyi-Hamza B, Erzin G, Etchevers MJ, Falkai P, Farcas A, Fedotov I, Filatova V, Fountoulakis NK, Frankova I, Franza F, Frias P, Galako T, Garay CJ, Garcia-Álvarez L, García-Portilla MP, Gonda X, Gondek TM, González DM, Gould H, Grandinetti P, Grau A, Groudeva V, Hagin M, Harada T, Hasan TM, Hashim NA, Hilbig J, Hossain S, Iakimova R, Ibrahim M, Iftene F, Ignatenko Y, Irarrazaval M, Ismail Z, Ismayilova J, Jacobs A, Jakovljević M, Jakšić N, Javed A, Kafali HY, Karia S, Kazakova O, Khalifa D, Khaustova O, Koh S, Kosenko K, Koupidis SA, Lalljee A, Liewig J, Majid A, Malashonkova E, Malik K, Malik NI, Mammadzada G, Mandalia B, Marazziti D, Marčinko D, Martinez S, Matiekus E, Mejia G, Memon RS, Martínez XEM, Mickevičiūtė D, Milev R, Mohammed M, Molina-López A, Morozov P, Muhammad NS, Mustač F, Naor MS, Nassieb A, Navickas A, Okasha T, Pandova M, Panfil AL, Panteleeva L, Papava I, Patsali ME, Pavlichenko A, Pejuskovic B, Da Costa MP, Popkov M, Popovic D, Raduan NJN, Ramírez FV, Rancans E, Razali S, Rebok F, Rewekant A, Flores ENR, Rivera-Encinas MT, Saiz P, de Carmona MS, Martínez DS, Saw JA, Saygili G, Schneidereit P, Shah B, Shirasaka T, Silagadze K, Sitanggang S, Skugarevsky O, Spikina A, Mahalingappa SS, Stoyanova M, Szczegielniak A, Tamasan SC, Tavormina G, Tavormina MGM, Theodorakis PN, Tohen M, Tsapakis EM, Tukhvatullina D, Ullah I, Vaidya R, Vega-Dienstmaier JM, Vukovic O, Vysotska O, Widiasih N, Yashikhina A, Smirnova D. Non-binary gender, vulnerable populations and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Data from the COVID-19 MEntal health inTernational for the general population (COMET-G) study. J Affect Disord 2024; 352:536-551. [PMID: 38382816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant mental health challenges, particularly for vulnerable populations, including non-binary gender individuals. The COMET international study aimed to investigate specific risk factors for clinical depression or distress during the pandemic, also in these special populations. METHODS Chi-square tests were used for initial screening to select only those variables which would show an initial significance. Risk Ratios (RR) were calculated, and a Multiple Backward Stepwise Linear Regression Analysis (MBSLRA) was followed with those variables given significant results at screening and with the presence of distress or depression or the lack of both of them. RESULTS The most important risk factors for depression were female (RR = 1.59-5.49) and non-binary gender (RR = 1.56-7.41), unemployment (RR = 1.41-6.57), not working during lockdowns (RR = 1.43-5.79), bad general health (RR = 2.74-9.98), chronic somatic disorder (RR = 1.22-5.57), history of mental disorders (depression RR = 2.31-9.47; suicide attempt RR = 2.33-9.75; psychosis RR = 2.14-10.08; Bipolar disorder RR = 2.75-12.86), smoking status (RR = 1.15-5.31) and substance use (RR = 1.77-8.01). The risk factors for distress or depression that survived MBSLRA were younger age, being widowed, living alone, bad general health, being a carer, chronic somatic disorder, not working during lockdowns, being single, self-reported history of depression, bipolar disorder, self-harm, suicide attempts and of other mental disorders, smoking, alcohol, and substance use. CONCLUSIONS Targeted preventive interventions are crucial to safeguard the mental health of vulnerable groups, emphasizing the importance of diverse samples in future research. LIMITATIONS Online data collection may have resulted in the underrepresentation of certain population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos N Fountoulakis
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Seri Abraham
- Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Core Psychiatry Training, Health Education England North West, United Kingdom.
| | - Kristina Adorjan
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludiwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Helal Uddin Ahmed
- Child Adolescent and Family Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Renato D Alarcón
- Section of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado, Lima, Peru; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Kiyomi Arai
- School of Medicine and Health Science, Institute of Health Science Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Sani Salihu Auwal
- Department of Psychiatry, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sarah Bjedov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Julio Bobes
- Psychiatry Area, Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Teresa Bobes-Bascaran
- Mental Health Center of La Corredoria, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Julie Bourgin-Duchesnay
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Orsay, France
| | - Cristina Ana Bredicean
- Department of Neuroscience, Discipline of Psychiatry, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Laurynas Bukelskis
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Akaki Burkadze
- Mental Hub, Tbilisi, Georgia; NGO Healthcare Research and Quality Agency, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Ruby Castilla-Puentes
- Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, American Society of Hispanic Psychiatry and WARMI Women Mental Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Marcelo Cetkovich
- Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Hector Colon-Rivera
- APM Board Certified in General Psychiatry and Neurology, Addiction Psychiatry, & Addiction Medicine, UPMC, DDAP, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ricardo Corral
- Department of Teaching and Research, Hospital Borda, Buenos Aires, Argentina; University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Piirika Crepin
- Sanitaire and Social Union for Accompaniment and Prevention, Center of Ambulatory Psychiatry of Narbonne and Lezigan, Narbonne, France
| | - Domenico De Berardis
- Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", ASL Teramo, Teramo, Italy; School of Nursing, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, School of Psychiatry, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Sergio Zamora Delgado
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile.
| | - David De Lucena
- Departamento de Fisiología e Farmacología, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Avinash De Sousa
- Department of Psychiatry, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Mumbai, India; Desousa Foundation, Mumbai, India
| | - Ramona Di Stefano
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Seetal Dodd
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Livia Priyanka Elek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Elissa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Berta Erdelyi-Hamza
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gamze Erzin
- Psychiatry Department, Ankara Dışkapı Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin J Etchevers
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludiwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Adriana Farcas
- Centre of Neuroscience, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ilya Fedotov
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ryazan State Medical University n.a. academician I.P. Pavlov, Ryazan, Russia
| | - Viktoriia Filatova
- State Budgetary Institution of the Rostov Region "Psychoneurological Dispensary", Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | | | - Iryna Frankova
- Medical Psychology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Department, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Francesco Franza
- "Villa dei Pini" Psychiatric Rehabilitation Center, Avellino, Italy; Psychiatric Studies Centre, Provaglio d'Iseo, Italy
| | | | - Tatiana Galako
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Psychology and Drug Abuse, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Cristian J Garay
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | - Maria Paz García-Portilla
- Psychiatry Area, Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Mental Health Center of La Ería, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tomasz M Gondek
- Specialty Training Section, Polish Psychiatric Association, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Hilary Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA.
| | - Paolo Grandinetti
- Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", ASL Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Arturo Grau
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile; Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Violeta Groudeva
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Hospital Saint Ekaterina, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Michal Hagin
- Forensic Psychiatry Unit, Abarbanel Mental Health Center, Israel
| | - Takayuki Harada
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Education Bureau of the Laboratory Schools, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tasdik M Hasan
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Public Health Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nurul Azreen Hashim
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Jan Hilbig
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sahadat Hossain
- Department of Public Health & Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Rossitza Iakimova
- Second Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital for Active Treatment in Neurology and Psychiatry "Saint Naum", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mona Ibrahim
- Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Felicia Iftene
- Department of Psychiatry, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Yulia Ignatenko
- Education Center, Mental Health Clinic No 1 n.a. N.A. Alexeev of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - Matias Irarrazaval
- Ministry of Health, Millenium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Zaliha Ismail
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Jamila Ismayilova
- National Mental Health Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Asaf Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry, Westchester Medical Center Health System, Valhalla, NY, USA; New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | | | - Nenad Jakšić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Afzal Javed
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, United Kingdom; Pakistan Psychiatric Research Centre, Fountain House, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Sagar Karia
- Department of Psychiatry, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Doaa Khalifa
- Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Olena Khaustova
- Medical Psychology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Department, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Steve Koh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA.
| | - Korneliia Kosenko
- Psychiatry, Drug abuse and Psychology Department, Odessa National Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Justine Liewig
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Orsay, France
| | - Abdul Majid
- Department of Psychiatry, SKIMS Medical College, Srinagar, India
| | - Evgeniia Malashonkova
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Orsay, France.
| | - Khamelia Malik
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Najma Iqbal Malik
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Gulay Mammadzada
- Department of Psychiatry, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | | | - Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Unicamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy; Brain Research Foundation onus, Lucca, Italy.
| | - Darko Marčinko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Stephanie Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA.
| | - Eimantas Matiekus
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gabriela Mejia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA.
| | - Roha Saeed Memon
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Roumen Milev
- Department of Psychiatry, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Muftau Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Services, Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Alejandro Molina-López
- General Office for the Psychiatric Services of the Ministry of Health, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Petr Morozov
- Department of Postgraduate Education, Russian National Research Medical University n.a. N.I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nuru Suleiman Muhammad
- Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Filip Mustač
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mika S Naor
- Sackler School of Medicine New York State American Program, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.
| | - Amira Nassieb
- Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alvydas Navickas
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Tarek Okasha
- Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Milena Pandova
- Second Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital for Active Treatment in Neurology and Psychiatry "Saint Naum", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anca-Livia Panfil
- Compartment of Liaison Psychiatry, "Pius Brinzeu" County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Liliya Panteleeva
- Department of Medical Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Ion Papava
- Department of Neuroscience, Discipline of Psychiatry, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Mikaella E Patsali
- School of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece; Department of Internal Medicine, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alexey Pavlichenko
- Education Center, Mental Health Clinic No 1 n.a. N.A. Alexeev of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bojana Pejuskovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Clinical Department for Crisis and Affective Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mariana Pinto Da Costa
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mikhail Popkov
- Department of the Introduction to Internal Medicine and Family Medicine, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | | | - Nor Jannah Nasution Raduan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Francisca Vargas Ramírez
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile; Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elmars Rancans
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Salmi Razali
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Federico Rebok
- Servicio de Emergencia, Acute inpatient Unit, Hospital Moyano, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Argentine Institute of Clinical Psychiatry (IAPC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anna Rewekant
- General Psychiatry Unit I, Greater Poland Neuropsychiatric Center, Kościan, Poland
| | | | - María Teresa Rivera-Encinas
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental "Honorio Delgado - Hideyo Noguchi", Lima, Peru.
| | - Pilar Saiz
- Psychiatry Area, Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Mental Health Center of La Corredoria, Oviedo, Spain.
| | | | - David Saucedo Martínez
- Department of Psychiatry, Escuela Nacional de Medicina, TEC de Monterrey, Servicio de geriatría, Hospital Universitario "José Eleuterio González" UANL, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jo Anne Saw
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Görkem Saygili
- Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence Department Tilburg University, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia Schneidereit
- Klinik für Allgemeine Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Ost, Psychiatrische Institutsambulanz, Klinikum am Weissenhof, Weissenhof, Germany.
| | | | - Tomohiro Shirasaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Teine Keijinkai Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Satti Sitanggang
- Psychiatric Unit, Pambalah Batung General Hospital, South Kalimantan, Amuntai, Indonesia
| | - Oleg Skugarevsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Anna Spikina
- Saint Petersburg Psychoneurological Dispensary No2, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sridevi Sira Mahalingappa
- Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, The Liasion Team, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, Derbyshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Maria Stoyanova
- Second Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital for Active Treatment in Neurology and Psychiatry "Saint Naum", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anna Szczegielniak
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Poland
| | - Simona Claudia Tamasan
- Compartment of Liaison Psychiatry, "Pius Brinzeu" County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Giuseppe Tavormina
- Psychiatric Studies Centre, Provaglio d'Iseo, Italy; European Depression Association and Italian Association on Depression, Brussels, Belgium; Bedforshire Center for Mental Health Research in association with the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Mauricio Tohen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Eva Maria Tsapakis
- "Agios Charalambos" Mental Health Clinic, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; 1st Department of Academic Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Irfan Ullah
- Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ratnaraj Vaidya
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Olivera Vukovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Department for Research and Education, Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olga Vysotska
- Educational and Research Center - Ukrainian Family Medicine Training Center, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Widiasih
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anna Yashikhina
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry (ICERN), Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia; Department of Psychiatry, Narcology, Psychotherapy and Clinical Psychology, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | - Daria Smirnova
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry (ICERN), Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia; Department of Psychiatry, Narcology, Psychotherapy and Clinical Psychology, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
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Chase E, Calhoun BH, Khosropour CM, Lee CM, Rhew IC. Trajectories of financial distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and their associations with mental health and substance use outcomes in a cohort of young adults. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:442-459. [PMID: 37821092 PMCID: PMC11006823 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented life disruptions among young adults, including increased job insecurity and financial strain. Mental health problems and substance use have also increased during the pandemic, with young adults particularly vulnerable to experiencing these challenges. This study examines trajectories of financial distress among young adults during the pandemic and their associations with depression, anxiety, and hazardous alcohol and cannabis use. Data from 473 young adults (ages 22-29) recruited in the Northwest United States were collected from April/May 2020 to July/August 2021. Financial distress trajectories were identified using growth mixture modeling. Negative binomial models were used to examine associations between financial distress trajectories and distal outcomes of depression, anxiety, alcohol, and cannabis use. Three distinct trajectories were identified, revealing Low, Moderate, and High financial distress experiences. Individuals with "Moderate" and "High" trajectories showed significantly greater depressive and anxiety symptom scores compared with those in the "Low" financial distress trajectory group. Trajectories were not associated with subsequent levels of alcohol or cannabis use. Young adult mental health remains a priority during periods of economic downturn. Providers must be aware of the psychological challenges imposed by financial distress among young adults to address worsening mental health symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Chase
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 3980 15 Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Brian H. Calhoun
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Health Risk and Behaviors, University of Washington, Box 357238, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Christine M. Khosropour
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 3980 15 Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Christine M. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Health Risk and Behaviors, University of Washington, Box 357238, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Isaac C. Rhew
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 3980 15 Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Health Risk and Behaviors, University of Washington, Box 357238, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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Tolentino DA, Ajuwon AM. A cross-sectional study on social determinants of mental health during COVID-19 among adults in California. J Adv Nurs 2024; 80:683-691. [PMID: 37550826 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the impact of structural and intermediary social determinants of health (SDoH) on Californian adults' mental health during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN This cross-sectional study used data from the 2020 cycle of the California Health Interview Survey, the largest US state-level population health survey. METHODS Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyse the data. Using a general social determinant of health framework, we operationalized different survey questions to measure structural and intermediary determinants of mental health. RESULTS Mental health during the early phase of COVID-19 among adults in California was associated with age, gender, health conditions, delayed care, employment status (loss of job or reduced income) and discrimination. People in higher social strata were more likely to have better mental health for many of these factors. CONCLUSION This study supports the assertion that material circumstances (such as employment status) and discrimination are associated with experiencing mental health issues among adults in California during COVID-19. Racism is a public health issue, and as nurses, addressing racism is critical. In addition, much work is needed to address SDoH to improve health outcomes, especially among marginalized populations. IMPACT This study addressed the knowledge gap concerning the social determinants of mental health among Californian adults during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Those who had reduced income and those who lost their jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic were 46% and 56%, respectively, more likely to report mental health problems. Those who experienced discrimination in healthcare were 304% more likely to report mental health issues. This research will increase the understanding of the social determinants of health, particularly for those with chronic illnesses and mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution, as we used an existing US state dataset. However, California Health Interview Survey is the largest state health survey in the United States and interviews more than 20,000 households each year representing the health care needs of Californians.
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Nichols E, Petrosyan S, Khobragade P, Banerjee J, Angrisani M, Dey S, Bloom DE, Schaner S, Dey AB, Lee J. Trajectories and correlates of poor mental health in India over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide survey. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e013365. [PMID: 38286516 PMCID: PMC10826618 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic had large impacts on mental health; however, most existing evidence is focused on the initial lockdown period and high-income contexts. By assessing trajectories of mental health symptoms in India over 2 years, we aim to understand the effect of later time periods and pandemic characteristics on mental health in a lower-middle income context. METHODS We used data from the Real-Time Insights of COVID-19 in India cohort study (N=3709). We used covariate-adjusted linear regression models with generalised estimating equations to assess associations between mental health (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) score; range 0-12) and pandemic periods as well as pandemic characteristics (COVID-19 cases and deaths, government stringency, self-reported financial impact, COVID-19 infection in the household) and explored effect modification by age, gender and rural/urban residence. RESULTS Mental health symptoms dropped immediately following the lockdown period but rose again during the delta and omicron waves. Associations between mental health and later pandemic stages were stronger for adults 45 years of age and older (p<0.001). PHQ-4 scores were significantly associated with all pandemic characteristics considered, including estimated COVID-19 deaths (PHQ-4 difference of 0.10 units; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.13), government stringency index (0.14 units; 95% CI 0.11 to 0.18), self-reported major financial impacts (1.20 units; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.32) and COVID-19 infection in the household (0.36 units; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.50). CONCLUSION While the lockdown period and associated financial stress had the largest mental health impacts on Indian adults, the effects of the pandemic on mental health persisted over time, especially among middle-aged and older adults. Results highlight the importance of investments in mental health supports and services to address the consequences of cyclical waves of infections and disease burden due to COVID-19 or other emerging pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Nichols
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah Petrosyan
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pranali Khobragade
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joyita Banerjee
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marco Angrisani
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sharmistha Dey
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - David E Bloom
- Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simone Schaner
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aparajit B Dey
- Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jinkook Lee
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Hossen MT, Shuvo SD, Mazumdar S, Hossain MS, Riazuddin M, Roy D, Mondal BK, Parvin R, Paul DK, Adnan MM. Determinants of anxiety and depression among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A hospital-based study in Bangladesh amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2024; 11:e13. [PMID: 38390250 PMCID: PMC10882174 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2024.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are common psychological disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which was upsurging worldwide amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to explore factors associated with anxiety and depression among T2DM patients in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted among T2DM patients using face-to-face interviews. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured using the CAS and PHQ-9 scales. Outcomes were assessed including sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, and challenges of getting routine medical and healthcare access-related questions. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms were 29.8% and 22.7%, respectively. Regression analysis reported that males older than 50 years, illiterate, unemployed or retired, urban residents, below the recommended level of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), low dietary diversity score (DDS) and obese respondents were associated with higher odds of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Moreover, respondents with transport difficulties, unaffordable medicine, medicine shortages, close friends or family members diagnosed with COVID-19 and financial problems during COVID-19 had higher odds of anxiety and depressive symptoms than their counterparts, respectively. Our study suggests providing psychological support, such as home-based psychological interventions, and highlighting policy implications to ensure the well-being of T2DM patients in Bangladesh during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Toufik Hossen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Suvasish Das Shuvo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Sanaullah Mazumdar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sakhawot Hossain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md Riazuddin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Deepa Roy
- Department of Mathematics, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Bappa Kumar Mondal
- Department of Food Fortification, Nutrition International, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rashida Parvin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Dipak Kumar Paul
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Md Moshiuzzaman Adnan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
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Sabbagh HJ, AlSharif MT, Abdulhameed FD, Aljohar AJ, Alhussain RM, Alghamdi SM, Alrejaye NS, AlGudaibi LY, Sallout BI, Albaqawi BS, Alnamnakani EA, Brekeit LK, Basri OA, Almalik MI, Al Soqih NS, Alshaikh AB, Aburiziza AJ, Al Qahtani FA, Alghamdi BM, Alraddadi AK, Khaja HH, Alamoudi RA. Maternal Exposure to Stress During Covid-19 and Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Cohort Retrospective Study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024:10556656231224198. [PMID: 38239006 DOI: 10.1177/10556656231224198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic presents an opportunity to study stress's effect on the development of non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs). This study was aimed at assessing maternal stress exposure during the pregestational to first trimester pregnancy periods and the development of NSOFCs during a year of the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Cohort study of infants with NSOFCs and controls matched based on recruitment site and age. SETTING Government hospitals in Saudi Arabia between November 2020 and November 2021. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Data collection included NSOFC clinical examination and maternal stress exposure assessment using the Modified Life Events Questionnaire, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and a focus on the lack of pregnancy planning and a threatened miscarriage. RESULTS Of the 557 infants recruited, 191 had NSOFCs. Logistic regression analysis with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) that removed the effects of confounders showed that any of the seven stressful life events (AOR:3.78, P < .001) and the family histories of relatives with NSOFCs (AOR:9.73, P < .001) increased the AOR for NSOFC development. In contrast, maternal folic acid (AOR:0.56, P.010), threatened miscarriage (AOR:0.17, P = .001), fear of COVID-19 (AOR:0.83, P = .038), and suspected COVID-19 infection (AOR:0.43, P = .008) decreased the AOR for NSOFC development. CONCLUSION Along with an established risk associated with family history of birth defects, stressful life events may be a risk factor for NSOFC development. Beyond folic acid's known benefit, it may be that higher maternal health concerns contribute to increased protective health behaviors during pregnancy. Ongoing research is needed to specify the maternal risk factors for NSOFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Jafar Sabbagh
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Talal AlSharif
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Dawood Abdulhameed
- Pediatric Surgery Department, King Salman Medical City, Maternity and Children's Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziza Johar Aljohar
- Consultant Pedodontist, Department of Dentistry, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema Mahdi Alhussain
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Dammam Medical Complex, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Musaad Alghamdi
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Bisha Dental Centre, Ministry of Health, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla Sulaiman Alrejaye
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Latifa Yousef AlGudaibi
- Resident in the Saudi Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Program, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Dentistry; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahauddin Ibraheem Sallout
- Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Fetal Medicine, Women's Specialized Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badi Shoaib Albaqawi
- Consultant, Maternal Fetal Medicine, Women's Specialized Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Lougin Khalid Brekeit
- Orthodontic Resident, Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Adel Basri
- Craniofacial Orthodontists, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Ibrahim Almalik
- Consultant Pedodontist, Dental Department, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Suliman Al Soqih
- Department of Pediatrics, Qassim University, College of Medicine, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Bakr Alshaikh
- Resident in Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Faisal Ali Al Qahtani
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Hadeel Hamza Khaja
- Center of Congenital Malformations in Fetuses and Newborns, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Abdullah Alamoudi
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Chenneville T, Gabbidon K, Zharima C, Hornschuh S, Dietrich JJ. Factors affecting COVID-19's mental health impact on college students in the southeastern United States. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1225686. [PMID: 38045982 PMCID: PMC10690604 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1225686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence confirms COVID-19's negative impact on college students' mental health; however, more research is needed to identify factors that promoted or hindered college students' mental health early in the pandemic. This exploratory study addressed this need. Participants were 697 students attending a large, state, urban university in the southeastern United States. Using a cross-sectional survey design, participants completed an anonymous, online survey assessing socio-demographic variables, mental health issues, and activities during the lockdown period in 2020. Findings suggest college students in the southeastern US who were women or transgender men and had pre-existing mental health conditions, fewer routine activities, and high exposure to COVID-19 news reported more mental health problems early in the pandemic. Students who exercised daily had fewer symptoms of anxiety and post-traumatic stress than students who exercised monthly, but there were no differences in emotional responses to COVID-19 based on exercise frequency. Tailored strategies to address college students' needs in response to the current or future pandemics are needed and should take into consideration factors that promote or hinder mental health. Patient or Public Contribution: College students were participants in this study. College students who were not participants in this study assisted with the implementation of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Chenneville
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kemesha Gabbidon
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Campion Zharima
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stefanie Hornschuh
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Janan Janine Dietrich
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Belville, South Africa
- African Social Sciences Unit of Research and Evaluation (ASSURE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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9
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Smail MA, Smith BL, Shukla R, Alganem K, Eby HM, Bollinger JL, Parikh RK, Chambers JB, Reigle JK, Moloney RD, Nawreen N, Wohleb ES, Pantazopoulos H, McCullumsmith RE, Herman JP. Molecular neurobiology of loss: a role for basolateral amygdala extracellular matrix. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4729-4741. [PMID: 37644175 PMCID: PMC10914625 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Psychological loss is a common experience that erodes well-being and negatively impacts quality of life. The molecular underpinnings of loss are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the mechanisms of loss using an environmental enrichment removal (ER) paradigm in male rats. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) was identified as a region of interest, demonstrating differential Fos responsivity to ER and having an established role in stress processing and adaptation. A comprehensive multi-omics investigation of the BLA, spanning multiple cohorts, platforms, and analyses, revealed alterations in microglia and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Follow-up studies indicated that ER decreased microglia size, complexity, and phagocytosis, suggesting reduced immune surveillance. Loss also substantially increased ECM coverage, specifically targeting perineuronal nets surrounding parvalbumin interneurons, suggesting decreased plasticity and increased inhibition within the BLA following loss. Behavioral analyses suggest that these molecular effects are linked to impaired BLA salience evaluation, leading to a mismatch between stimulus and reaction intensity. These loss-like behaviors could be rescued by depleting BLA ECM during the removal period, helping us understand the mechanisms underlying loss and revealing novel molecular targets to ameliorate its impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Smail
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Brittany L Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rammohan Shukla
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Khaled Alganem
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Hunter M Eby
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Justin L Bollinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ria K Parikh
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James B Chambers
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James K Reigle
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rachel D Moloney
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, UK
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, UK
| | - Nawshaba Nawreen
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric S Wohleb
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Harry Pantazopoulos
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Robert E McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Neurosciences Institute, ProMedica, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - James P Herman
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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10
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Valle-Palomino N, Fernández-Mantilla MM, Talledo-Sebedón DDL, Guzmán-González OV, Carguachinchay-Huanca VH, Sosa-Lizama AA, Orlandini-Valle B, Vela-Miranda ÓM. Suicidal Ideation and Death by Suicide as a Result of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spanish-Speaking Countries: Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6700. [PMID: 37959166 PMCID: PMC10649358 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicidal behaviors and constructs are putting at risk the accomplishment of Objective 3 of Agenda 2030 for sustainable development in Spanish-speaking countries. The current study's principal objective is to explain the presence of suicidal ideation and deaths by suicide as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spanish-speaking countries based on a review of the scientific literature. The PRISMA model was used as the main method while considering the criteria of periodicity, language, typology, and country in order to choose the 28 articles that were analyzed from the following three databases: SCOPUS, Web of Science, and ProQuest Coronavirus Research Database. Suicidal ideation and death by suicide exhibited a growth trend during the COVID-19 pandemic, including post-pandemic, especially in kids, adolescents, and young women of university age belonging to lower socioeconomic strata and presenting risk factors like living in rural areas, poor mental health, unemployment, and family death due to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Valle-Palomino
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad César Vallejo, Piura 20001, Peru; (M.M.F.-M.); (D.d.L.T.-S.); (O.V.G.-G.); (V.H.C.-H.); (A.A.S.-L.); (Ó.M.V.-M.)
| | - Mirtha Mercedes Fernández-Mantilla
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad César Vallejo, Piura 20001, Peru; (M.M.F.-M.); (D.d.L.T.-S.); (O.V.G.-G.); (V.H.C.-H.); (A.A.S.-L.); (Ó.M.V.-M.)
| | - Danae de Lourdes Talledo-Sebedón
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad César Vallejo, Piura 20001, Peru; (M.M.F.-M.); (D.d.L.T.-S.); (O.V.G.-G.); (V.H.C.-H.); (A.A.S.-L.); (Ó.M.V.-M.)
| | - Olinda Victoria Guzmán-González
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad César Vallejo, Piura 20001, Peru; (M.M.F.-M.); (D.d.L.T.-S.); (O.V.G.-G.); (V.H.C.-H.); (A.A.S.-L.); (Ó.M.V.-M.)
| | - Vanessa Haydee Carguachinchay-Huanca
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad César Vallejo, Piura 20001, Peru; (M.M.F.-M.); (D.d.L.T.-S.); (O.V.G.-G.); (V.H.C.-H.); (A.A.S.-L.); (Ó.M.V.-M.)
| | - Alfonso Alejandro Sosa-Lizama
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad César Vallejo, Piura 20001, Peru; (M.M.F.-M.); (D.d.L.T.-S.); (O.V.G.-G.); (V.H.C.-H.); (A.A.S.-L.); (Ó.M.V.-M.)
| | | | - Óscar Manuel Vela-Miranda
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad César Vallejo, Piura 20001, Peru; (M.M.F.-M.); (D.d.L.T.-S.); (O.V.G.-G.); (V.H.C.-H.); (A.A.S.-L.); (Ó.M.V.-M.)
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11
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Lai S, Lu L, Shen C, Yan A, Lei Y, Zhou Z, Wang Y. Income loss and subsequent poor psychological well-being among the Chinese population during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:219. [PMID: 37848883 PMCID: PMC10583462 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-02022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had major ramifications for health and the economy at both the individual and collective levels. This study examined exogenous negative changes in household income and their implications on psychological well-being (PWB) among the Chinese population during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Data were drawn from the early China COVID-19 Survey, a cross-sectional anonymous online survey administered to the general population in China. Self-reported PWB was measured using a 5-point Likert scale with five questions related to the participants' recent psychological state. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was employed to examine whether income loss during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with poor psychological health. RESULTS This study included 8,428 adults, of which 90% had suffered from a moderate or severe loss of household income due to the early COVID-19 pandemic. Those who had experienced moderate or severe loss of income scored significantly lower on psychological well-being than those who did not experience income loss (19.96 or 18.07 vs. 21.46; P < 0.001); after controlling for confounders, income loss was negatively associated with PWB scores (moderate income loss: B = - 0.603, P < 0.001; severe income loss: B = - 1.261, P < 0.001). An interaction effect existed between the degree of income loss and pre-pandemic income groups. Specifically, participants in the middle-income group who had suffered severe income loss scored the lowest on PWB (B = - 1.529, P < 0.001). There was also a main effect on income loss, such that participants with varying degrees of income loss differed across five dimensions, including anhedonia, sleep problems, irritability or anger, difficulty with concentration, and repeated disturbing dreams related to COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Income loss during the pandemic has had detrimental consequences on psychological well-being, and the magnitude of the impact of income loss on psychological well-being varied according to previous income levels. Future policy efforts should be directed toward improving the psychological well-being of the economically vulnerable and helping them recover from lost income in the shortest time possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Lai
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Lu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chi Shen
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Alice Yan
- Division of Research Patient Care Services, Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yanjun Lei
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongliang Zhou
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Youfa Wang
- School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.
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12
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Nichols E, Petrosyan S, Khobragade P, Banerjee J, Angrisani M, Dey S, Bloom DE, Schaner S, Dey AB, Lee J. Trajectories and correlates of poor mental health in India over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic: a nation-wide survey. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.13.23295513. [PMID: 37745425 PMCID: PMC10516061 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.23295513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic had large impacts on mental health; however, most existing evidence is focused on the initial lockdown period and high-income contexts. By assessing trajectories of mental health symptoms in India over two years, we aim to understand the effect of later time periods and pandemic characteristics on mental health in a lower-middle income context. Methods We used data from the Real-Time Insights of COVID-19 in India (RTI COVID-India) cohort study (N=3,662). We used covariate-adjusted linear regression models with generalized estimating equations to assess associations between mental health (PHQ-4 score) and pandemic periods as well as pandemic characteristics (COVID-19 cases and deaths, government stringency, self-reported financial impact, COVID-19 infection in the household) and explored effect modification by age, gender, and rural/urban residence. Results Mental health symptoms dropped immediately following the lockdown period but rose again during the delta and omicron waves. Associations between mental health and later pandemic stages were stronger for adults 45 years of age and older (p<0.001). PHQ-4 scores were significantly and independently associated with all pandemic characteristics considered, including estimated COVID-19 deaths (PHQ-4 difference of 0.041 SD units; 95% Confidence Interval 0.030 - 0.053), government stringency index (0.060 SD units; 0.048 - 0.072), self-reported major financial impacts (0.45 SD units; 0.41-0.49), and COVID-19 infection in the household (0.11 SD units; 0.07-0.16). Conclusion While the lockdown period and associated financial stress had the largest mental health impacts on Indian adults, the effects of the pandemic on mental health persisted over time, especially among middle-age and older adults. Results highlight the importance of investments in mental health supports and services to address the consequences of cyclical waves of infections and disease burden due to COVID-19 or other emerging pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Nichols
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Petrosyan
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pranali Khobragade
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joyita Banerjee
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marco Angrisani
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sharmistha Dey
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - David E. Bloom
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simone Schaner
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - AB Dey
- Venu Geriatric Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jinkook Lee
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Wörn J, Reme BA, Skirbekk V. Job loss and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1447. [PMID: 37507676 PMCID: PMC10375774 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic caused substantial increases in unemployment; however, the association between these job losses and psychological distress is not well documented. Our study reports on this association from a cohort study, with a particular focus on educational differences in both the likelihood of job loss and its potential implications for mental health. METHODS Utilizing data from a large prospective cohort study of parents in Norway (n = 58,982), we examined changes in psychological distress within four groups of respondents: those who during the first wave of COVID-19 had (i) no change in their employment situation, (ii) worked from home, (iii) been furloughed, or (iv) lost their job. RESULTS Psychological distress increased in all groups. In z-scores relative to pre-pandemic levels, the increases were (i) 0.47 [95%-CI: 0.45-0.49] among respondents with no change in their employment situation, (ii) 0.51 [95%-CI: 0.49-0.53] among respondents who worked from home, (iii) 0.95 [95%-CI:0.91-0.99] among those furloughed, and (iv) 1.38 [95%-CI: 1.16-1.59] among those who permanently lost their job, corresponding to increases of 89%, 95%, 170%, and 185%, respectively. While respondents without university education had a 2 to 3 times higher risk of job loss, the negative impact of job loss on psychological distress was similar across educational levels. CONCLUSIONS Participants exposed to job loss during the pandemic experienced a stronger increase in symptoms of depression or anxiety compared to those who remained employed. Although higher education lowered the risk of losing work, it did not substantially diminish the impact on mental health from losing work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wörn
- Center for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Postbox 222 Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn-Atle Reme
- Center for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Postbox 222 Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Vegard Skirbekk
- Center for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Postbox 222 Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Briceño M, Noblejas G, Armada J, Serna-Alarcón V, Vilela-Estrada MA, Vera-Ponce VJ, Valladares-Garrido MJ, Mejia CR. Post-Traumatic Stress Associated with Telework-Related Job Limitation in Latin America. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6240. [PMID: 37444088 PMCID: PMC10340718 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
During the pandemic, there has been evidence of work limitations during telework, which are believed to cause mental health problems. Our objective was to assess the association between perceived work limitations during telework and posttraumatic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Latin America in 2020. Exposure was measured by self-reporting using a self-perception questionnaire; the SPRINT-E questionnaire was used for outcome measurements. Generalized linear models were applied. Of 1329 participants, 15.2% (n = 202) had posttraumatic stress. In a multivariate analysis, the highest frequency of posttraumatic stress was found among those with moderate depression or more (PR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.03-1.61), moderate or more anxiety (PR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.61-3.41), and moderate or more stress (PR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.46-4.12). In conclusion, there is an association between perceived work limitations during telework and posttraumatic stress in Latin American workers. For this reason, it is recommended that occupational physicians, companies, and institutions assess the frequency of posttraumatic stress and monitor the mental health of workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariluz Briceño
- Carrera de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15113, Peru
| | - Grecia Noblejas
- Carrera de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15113, Peru
| | - Jose Armada
- Faculty of Business Sciences, Universidad Continental, Huancayo 12000, Peru
| | - Victor Serna-Alarcón
- Hospital Regional José Cayetano Heredia, EsSalud, Piura 20002, Peru
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo 13001, Peru
| | - Martín A. Vilela-Estrada
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo 13001, Peru
| | - Víctor Juan Vera-Ponce
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima 15039, Peru
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Lima 15046, Peru
| | - Mario J. Valladares-Garrido
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru
- Oficina de Epidemiología, Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo 14012, Peru
| | - Christian R. Mejia
- Carrera de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15113, Peru
- Asociación Médica de Investigación y Servicios en Salud, Lima 15073, Peru
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Sharma P, Nguyen QA, Kurani S, Holland A, Maradit Kremers H, Pazdernik V, St. Sauver J, Croarkin P, Kamath C, Geske J, Prasad K, Glasgow A, Sangaralingham L, Patten C. Association of socio-demographic characteristics with alcohol use initiation among never users during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:442-449. [PMID: 36194073 PMCID: PMC9619617 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this longitudinal cohort study, we examined the socio-demographic and psychological predictors of alcohol use initiation during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of never alcohol users aged ≥21 prior to COVID-19. METHODS Our study population consisted of 56 930 patients aged ≥21, as of 30 March 2019 were collected from a pre-COVID period of 1 year before 31 March 2020, and during-COVID, a period between 1 April 2020 and 30 March 2021. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to examine the roles of socio-demographic variables (gender, age, education, Area Deprivation Index and rural residence) changes in anxiety and depression severity as predictors of alcohol use initiation. RESULTS Age, gender, race, ethnicity, education and rural status were significant predictors in multivariable analysis. A subgroup analysis showed neither anxiety nor depression had a significant association with alcohol use initiation. CONCLUSION Women, younger individuals, those living in a rural area and people who smoke cigarettes were more likely to initiate alcohol use during the pandemic. Our study has public health and clinical implications such as the need for targeted alcohol use screening and intervention for vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh Sharma
- Behavioral Health Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Department Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI 54701, USA
| | - Quang Anh Nguyen
- Behavioral Health Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Luther College, Decorah, IA 52101, USA
| | - Shaheen Kurani
- Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Ashley Holland
- Department Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI 54701, USA
| | | | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 22902, USA
| | - Jennifer St. Sauver
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 22902, USA
| | - Paul Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Celia Kamath
- Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 22902, USA
| | - Jennifer Geske
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 22902, USA
| | - Kavita Prasad
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zumbro Valley Health Center, Rochester, MN, 55904, USA
| | - Amy Glasgow
- Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Lindsey Sangaralingham
- Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Christi Patten
- Behavioral Health Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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16
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Zheng F, Xiong H, Jin Y, Zhang M. Exploring the relationship between unemployment perception and health during COVID-19: a comparative study of rural and urban adults in China. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1169845. [PMID: 37388659 PMCID: PMC10301762 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1169845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global economies and individual health. This study uses data from the China Family Panel Data (CFPS) in 2018 (before the pandemic) and 2020 (during the pandemic) to a) estimate the relationships between the perceived risk of unemployment and individuals' mental health, physical health, and health behaviors; and b) explore the variations of these relationships between rural and urban adults in China. Methods Ordinary linear regression models or Logit models are employed, depending on the nature (continuous vs. discrete) of the dependent variables. Results We find that the perceived risk of unemployment was statistically and positively associated with the risk of depression, and the association was greater for rural adults than for urban adults. Rural-urban variations were observed in various dimensions. For rural adults, the perceived risk of unemployment was statistically and negatively associated with life satisfaction, the probability of gaining weight and becoming obese, the probability of having adequate sleep, and computer-based screen time. These associations were statistically insignificant for urban adults. On the other hand, the perceived risk of unemployment was statistically and negatively associated with self-rated very-good-to-excellent health condition and health-compromising behaviors (e.g., smoking and drinking) for urban adults; but such associations were statistically insignificant for rural adults. Discussion These findings suggest that rural and urban adults exhibited different psychological and behavioral responses to the unemployment risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public policies aiming to improve health and employment should be strategically designed to address the unique needs of urban and rural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengtian Zheng
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Xiong
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Jin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Man Zhang
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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17
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Kung CSJ, Zhu J, Zaninotto P, Steptoe A. Changes in retirement plans in the English older population during the COVID-19 pandemic: The roles of health factors and financial insecurity. Eur J Ageing 2023; 20:22. [PMID: 37310592 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-023-00770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the course of 2020 and 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted lives globally. In the UK, unemployment rate continued to increase during and post-lockdown periods, and job security and financial wellbeing deteriorated. It is important to understand whether individual decisions related to retirement plans have changed systematically as a result of the pandemic, especially among older adults who experienced greater rates of pandemic unemployment. Using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, this article examines changes in retirement plans of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and estimates the impact of health and financial circumstances on these changes. In June/July 2020, 5% of 2095 participants reported planning earlier retirement, while 9% reported planning later retirement. We found that poor self-rated health and financial insecurity were associated with intentions to postpone retirement. Additional risk of later retirement associated with poor health was detected among those experiencing financial insecurity. In November/December 2020, 7% of 1845 participants reported planning earlier retirement, while 12% reported planning later retirement. We found that poor health was predictive of a lower relative risk of later retirement, while depressive symptomology and financial insecurity predicted a higher relative risk of later retirement. The findings imply a contextual role of health factors in, and a persistent influence of financial insecurity on, retirement planning in the older population.
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18
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Estela-Delgado B, Montenegro G, Paan J, Morales-García WC, Castillo-Blanco R, Sairitupa-Sanchez L, Saintila J. Personal well-being and financial threats in Peruvian adults: The mediating role of financial well-being. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1084731. [PMID: 36778161 PMCID: PMC9912842 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1084731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Crises negatively affect the economy of a country, increasing financial risk, as they affect work activities and the well-being of the population. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of financial well-being in the relationship between personal well-being and financial threats. A predictive cross-sectional study was conducted. The variables analyzed were personal well-being, financial threats, and financial well-being. A total of 416 Peruvian adults from the three regions of Peru participated. The mean age was M = 35.36, SD = 8.84, with a range of 19-62 years. To represent the statistical mediation model, a structural equation model (SEM) was used. The analysis showed that the variables were significantly related (p < 0.001). The theoretical model indicated a perfect mediation, also obtaining a good fit, χ 2(168) = 394.3, CFI = 0.931, RMSEA = 0.057, SRMR = 0.062. The study showed that personal well-being serves as a basis for promoting financial well-being and this contributes to the reduction of financial threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertha Estela-Delgado
- Unidad de Administración, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Gilmer Montenegro
- Unidad de Administración, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Jimmy Paan
- Unidad de Administración, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Wilter C. Morales-García
- Unidad de Salud Pública, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru,Escuela de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru,*Correspondence: Wilter C. Morales-García, ; Jacksaint Saintila,
| | | | - Liset Sairitupa-Sanchez
- Escuela Profesional de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Jacksaint Saintila
- Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Peru,*Correspondence: Wilter C. Morales-García, ; Jacksaint Saintila,
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Coulaud PJ, Salway T, Jesson J, Bolduc N, Ferlatte O, Bertrand K, Desgrées du Loû A, Jenkins E, Jauffret-Roustide M, Knight R. Moderation of the association between COVID-19-related income loss and depression by receipt of financial support: Repeated cross-sectional surveys of young adults in Canada and France (2020-2021). SSM Popul Health 2023; 21:101340. [PMID: 36644570 PMCID: PMC9832713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To mitigate the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on financial resources, governments and family/friends mobilized financial support interventions (e.g., emergency aid funds) and assistance. However, little is known about how financial assistance alleviated mental health problems. This study aimed to investigate the moderating effect of financial support from the government or from family/friends on the association between income loss and depression among young adults. Methods Two online cross-sectional surveys among young adults ages 18-29 living in Canada and France were conducted in 2020 (n = 4,511) and 2021 (n = 3,329). Moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (cut-off score: ≥10). Two logistic regression models were performed for each survey with an interaction term between income loss and financial support (government or family/friends modeled separately), controlling for demographics. Results Overall, half reported depressive symptoms (2020/2021: 53.5%/45.6%), and over a third lost income (2020/2021: 10.2%/11.6% all income, 37.7%/21.6% some income). In 2020, 40.6% received government financial support (17.7% in 2021) while family/friends support was received by 12% (in both surveys). In both surveys, among those who received governmental financial support, income loss was associated with depression, whether participants lost all their income (e.g., 2020: Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) 1.75, 95% Confidence Interval [1.29-2.44]), or some of their income (e.g., 2020: AOR 1.45 [1.17-1.81]). However, among those who received family/friends financial support, income loss was no longer significantly associated with depression in both cycles, whether participants lost all their income (e.g., 2020: AOR 1.37 [0.78-2.40]), or some of their income (e.g., 2020: AOR 1.31 [0.86-1.99]). Conclusions Association between income loss and depression was moderated by receipt of family/friends financial support but not by receipt of government financial support. Financial support interventions may help to mitigate the negative effects of income loss on young adults mental health during periods of economic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-julien Coulaud
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Corresponding author. British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045, Howe St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9, Canada.
| | - Travis Salway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julie Jesson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Naseeb Bolduc
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olivier Ferlatte
- École de Santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karine Bertrand
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
| | - Annabel Desgrées du Loû
- Centre Population et Développement, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Emily Jenkins
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marie Jauffret-Roustide
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Centre d'Étude des Mouvements Sociaux (EHESS/CNRS UMR8044/INSERM U1276), Paris, France,Baldy Center on Law and Social Policy, Buffalo University, NY, USA
| | - Rod Knight
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,École de Santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Montgomery A, Lainidi O. Creating healthy workplaces in healthcare: Are we delaying progress by focusing on what we can do rather than what we should do? Front Public Health 2023; 11:1105009. [PMID: 36935666 PMCID: PMC10016614 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
All the available evidence points to the fact that healthcare is under considerable stress, and while change is urgently needed there is no quick fix; systemic and sustained changes in organizational cultures within healthcare are required. Moreover, the fragility of healthcare systems globally has been starkly exposed by the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic. We have gathered enough evidence to know what is driving poor wellbeing, and how these processes impact on quality of care and patient safety. Indeed, we have a good idea of what we need to do to improve the situation. Therefore, this begs a simpler question; If we know how to create healthy workplaces, why is it so difficult to achieve this in healthcare? In the following perspective paper, we will argue that we can do better if we address the following three issues: (1) we are ignoring the real problems, (2) limited successes that we are achieving are moving us further from tackling the real problems, (3) culture change is accepted as crucial, but we are not accepting what the evidence is telling us about healthcare culture. Tackling burnout is useful and necessary, but we must increase dignity among healthcare employees. Moreover, we need to train line managers to recognize and facilitate the need of employees to feel competent and be appreciated by others, while helping them set wellbeing boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Montgomery
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Anthony Montgomery
| | - Olga Lainidi
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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21
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Chang PY, Shih FY, Lee MB, Lin CF, Lyu SY. Risk Perceptions, Level of Government Trust, and Psychological Distress During COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:3313-3327. [PMID: 36411861 PMCID: PMC9675398 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s375722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading worldwide, causing mental health concerns among people. People's perceptions of the disease affect their psychological adaptation and health outcomes. In this study, we present people's perceptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), level of government trust, and their psychological distress during the pandemic for examining the impact of peoples' COVID-19 perceptions on their mental health. PATIENTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted through a telephone survey in Taiwan in April 2020. Participants were randomly selected for telephone screening using a computer-assisted telephone interviewer system. A total of 1098 participants aged more than 20 years participated in the survey. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 47.7 ± 16.4 years. After controlling for covariates, participants who were worried about contracting COVID-19, those who believed that they had a chance of being infected with COVID-19, those who were reluctant to visit the hospital for fear of contracting the virus, those who felt that the pandemic had affected their daily life, and those with low levels of trust in the government's capacity to manage the pandemic had anxiety, hostility, depression, interpersonal sensitivity/inferiority, and psychological symptoms. CONCLUSION People's perception of COVID-19 and public's trust in the government's ability to respond to the pandemic are related to psychological distress. Although the Taiwanese government may have undertaken effective epidemic control measures to address with the COVID-19 pandemic, this crisis may have still caused mental health problems in the general population. Health professionals and policy makers should pay more attention to high-risk groups among those at risk for developing mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ya Chang
- Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fuh-Yuan Shih
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Been Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Lin
- Keelung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Lyu
- Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
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Esteve-Matalí L, Llorens-Serrano C, Alonso J, Vilagut G, Moncada S, Navarro-Giné A. Mental health inequalities in times of crisis: evolution between 2005 and 2021 among the Spanish salaried population. J Epidemiol Community Health 2022; 77:jech-2022-219523. [PMID: 36344271 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-219523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying the working population's mental health in times of crisis (such as the 2008 recession or the COVID-19 pandemic) is very relevant. This study aims to assess the prevalence of poor mental health among the Spanish salaried population, according to the labour market inequality axes (2005-2021). METHODS Repeated cross-sectional study by comparing different surveys from 2005, 2010, 2016 and 2021 on workers residing in Spain who had been working in a salaried job during the week preceding the survey. n=7197 (2005), n=4985 (2010), n=1807 (2016) and n=18 870 (2021). OUTCOME VARIABLE poor mental health (Mental Health Inventory of the 36-item Short Form Health Survey scale). Explanatory variables: gender, age, occupational class and type of contract. Prevalence of poor mental health was estimated for each year by means of logistic regression models with robust clustered SEs, stratifying by the explanatory variables. Additionally, prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated by means of robust Poisson regression models to assess differences between the explanatory variables' categories. All analyses were weighted to address unrepresentativeness. RESULTS Poor mental health significantly increased in 2021 (55.92%), compared with the previous years of study (15%-17.72%). Additionally, pattern changes were identified on inequality axes in 2021, with better mental health status among older workers (oldest group PR: 0.76; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.8) and permanent workers (PR: 0.9; 95% CI 0.85 to 0.94). CONCLUSION This study shows a steep worsening of mental health among the salaried population in 2021 compared with previous periods. In 2021, health inequalities have apparently narrowed, although not by improving the disadvantaged groups' mental health but by worsening the typically advantaged groups' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Esteve-Matalí
- Research Group on Psychosocial Risks, Organization of Work and Health (POWAH), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Clara Llorens-Serrano
- Research Group on Psychosocial Risks, Organization of Work and Health (POWAH), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Instituto Sindical de Trabajo, Ambiente y Salud-Fundación Primero de Mayo (ISTAS-F1M), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Sociology and Political Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM - Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM - Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Moncada
- Instituto Sindical de Trabajo, Ambiente y Salud-Fundación Primero de Mayo (ISTAS-F1M), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Navarro-Giné
- Research Group on Psychosocial Risks, Organization of Work and Health (POWAH), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institute for Labour Studies (IET), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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23
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Impact of work arrangements during the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in France. SSM Popul Health 2022; 20:101285. [PMID: 36415675 PMCID: PMC9671548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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24
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"University students' economic situation during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Germany". PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275055. [PMID: 36201548 PMCID: PMC9536534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused a major economic downturn that disproportionally affected university students. This empirical research investigated effects and risk factors of the pandemic on students' economic situation with focus on financial distress and financial limitations. Data was collected using an online survey in May and June 2020 from students (n = 917) enrolled at universities in Germany. 80.6% were enrolled in bachelor programs (n = 738), the mean semester was 3.8 (standard deviation (SD = 2.0) and students' mean age was 23.1 years (SD = 4.1). 51.8% (n = 472) were female and 47.4% (n = 432) male. 56.7% (n = 506) of students worked before the pandemic. More than one third reported a decrease in income (36.5%; n = 334) and an increase in financial constraints (38.7%; n = 354). A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that students with regular income were less likely to experience financial distress compared to those without (odds ratio (OR) = 0.456; p = 0.014). Furthermore, working part-time as associated with a higher financial distress compared to those without part-time employment (OR = 1.811; p = 0.003). Students who worked part-time before the pandemic also had a higher probability of increased financial restriction (or constraint) compared to those who did not work part-time (OR = 2.094; p < 0.001). University students were disproportionally affected by the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, which increased students' economic uncertainty. To offset such problems, financial aid schemes for students need to be made available to alleviate distress and to allow students to focus on their studies but should not compound problems by leading to financial hardship at a later point in time.
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25
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Li M, Zhou B, Hu B. Relationship between Income and Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19158944. [PMID: 35897317 PMCID: PMC9330058 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mental health problems represent one most pressing concerns in the world, which produce costly consequences for individuals, families and society as a whole. One of the determinants on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic is income. To complement relevant research and provide valuable recommendations for governments and societies, this study investigates the nexus between income and mental health in China by employing 8049 observations from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies. Using ordinary least squares regression we find the significant positive relationship between income and mental health, and estimate the effect of income on mental health. Furthermore, this effect is heterogeneous depending on individuals’ education level and registered residence type. Finally, individuals’ economic status and happiness are shown to be the potential mechanism through which the effect of income on mental health operates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingna Li
- School of Literature, Changchun University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Bo Zhou
- School of Economy, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Bingbin Hu
- School of Northeast Asian, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
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26
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Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Quality of Life, Mental Health, and Level of Physical Activity in Colombian University Workers: A Longitudinal Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144104. [PMID: 35887867 PMCID: PMC9322187 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a strong influence on people’s quality of life, and the different restrictive measures during the phases of the pandemic have had consequences for physical and mental health. This study determined the changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL), sleep quality, depression symptoms (DS), and physical activity (PA) level of middle-aged Colombian university personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis was performed following a longitudinal design on a sample of 354 people at four points before and during the pandemic. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the SF-12v2, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) were included in an online survey. The measurements showed a decrease in quality of life with respect to PCS from 91.66 ± 10.78 to 83.64 ± 17.22 (p = 0.000) and MCS from 87.57 ± 12.23 to 80.90 ± 17.31, while poor sleep quality increased from 25.99% to 47.46% (p = 0.000), with DS reaching the peak during mandatory confinement (14.69%). Regarding the level of physical activity, the period of mandatory confinement inverted the proportion, highlighting active people as a minority (32.2%). In the multivariate analysis, we adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and socioeconomic level, discarding confounding effects and their interactions with the results obtained. In conclusion, this study showed that the pandemic has had a negative impact on sleep quality, HRQoL, DS, and PA level.
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Income Disparity and Mental Wellbeing among Adults in Semi-Urban and Rural Areas in Malaysia: The Mediating Role of Social Capital. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116604. [PMID: 35682189 PMCID: PMC9180219 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mental illness is rising worldwide and is more prevalent among the older population. Among others, socioeconomic status, particularly income, has a bearing on the prevalence of mental health. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism that explains the association between income and mental health. Hence, this study seeks to examine the mediating effect of social capital on the association between income and mental illness. Cross-sectional data consisting of 6651 respondents aged 55 years and above were used in this study. A validated tool known as the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, 21 items (DASS-21) was applied to examine mental illness, namely depression, anxiety, and stress. The Karlson, Holm, and Breen (KHB) method was employed to assess the intervening role of social capital on the association between income and mental illness. Results showed that those who disagreed in trust within the community had the highest partial mediation percentage. Those who disagreed in reciprocity, however, had the lowest partial mediation percentage, which explained the positive association between the middle 40% (M40) of the income group and depression, anxiety, and stress. Overall, the study suggests the need to increase trust and attachment within society to curb the occurrence of depression and anxiety.
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