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Requia WJ, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Amini H, Schwartz JD. Short-term air pollution exposure and mortality in Brazil: Investigating the susceptible population groups. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122797. [PMID: 37879554 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to examine the association between ambient air pollution (PM2.5, O3, and NO2) and mortality (in different population groups by sex and age) based on a nationwide death record across Brazil over a 15-year period (2003-2017). We used a time-series analytic approach with a distributed lag model. Our study population includes 2,872,084 records of deaths in Brazil between 2003 and 2017. Men accounted for a higher proportion of deaths, with 58% for all-cause mortality, 54% for respiratory mortality, and 52% for circulatory mortality. Most individuals were over 65 years of age. Our results suggest an association between air pollution and mortality in Brazil. The direction, statistical significance, and effect size of these associations varied considerably by type of air pollutant, region, and population group (sex and age group). In particular, the older population group (>65 years) was most affected. The national meta-analysis for the entire data set (without stratification by sex and age) showed that for every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration, the risk of death from respiratory diseases increased by 2.93% (95%CI: 1.42; 4.43). For every 10 ppb increase in O3, there is a 2.21% (95%CI: 0.59; 3.83) increase in the risk of all-cause mortality for the group of all people between 46 and 65 years old, and a 3.53% (95%CI: 0.34; 6.72) increase in the risk of circulatory mortality for the group of women, all ages. For every 10 ppb increase in NO2, the risk of respiratory mortality increases by 17.56% (95%CI: 4.44; 30.64) and the risk of all-cause mortality by 5.63% (95%CI: 1.83; 9.44). The results of our study provide epidemiological evidence that air pollution is associated with a higher risk of cardiorespiratory mortality in Brazil. Given the lack of nationwide studies on air pollution in Brazil, our research is an important contribution to the local and international literature that can provide better support to policymakers to improve air quality and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weeberb J Requia
- Center for Environment and Public Health Studies, School of Public Policy and Government, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heresh Amini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joel D Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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2
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Chen Z, Liu N, Tang H, Gao X, Zhang Y, Kan H, Deng F, Zhao B, Zeng X, Sun Y, Qian H, Liu W, Mo J, Zheng X, Huang C, Sun C, Zhao Z. Health effects of exposure to sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and carbon monoxide between 1980 and 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e13170. [PMID: 36437665 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The burden of disease attributed to the indoor exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), ozone (O3 ), and carbon monoxide (CO) is not clear, and the quantitative concentration-response relationship is a prerequisite. This is a systematic review to summarize the quantitative concentration-response relationships by screening and analyzing the polled effects of population-based epidemiological studies. After collecting literature published between 1980 and 2019, a total of 19 health outcomes in 101 studies with 182 health risk estimates were recruited. By meta-analysis, the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis and Egger's test for publication bias, the robust and reliable effects were found for SO2 (per 10 μg/m3 ) with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) (pooled relative risks [RRs] 1.016, 95% CI: 1.012-1.021) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (RR 1.012, 95%CI: 007-1.018), respectively. NO2 (per 10 μg/m3 ) had the pooled RRs for childhood asthma, preterm birth, lung cancer, diabetes, and COPD by 1.134 (1.084-1.186), 1.079 (1.007-1.157), 1.055 (1.010-1.101), 1.019 (1.009-1.029), and 1.016 (1.012-1.120), respectively. CO (per 1 mg/m3 ) was significantly associated with Parkinson's disease (RR 1.574, 95% CI: 1.069-2.317) and CVD (RR 1.024, 95% CI: 1.011-1.038). No robust effects were observed for O3 . This study provided evidence and basis for further estimation of the health burden attributable to the four gaseous pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoru Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningrui Liu
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Tang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehuan Gao
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Furong Deng
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangang Zeng
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute for Health and Environment, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinhan Mo
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Huang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chanjuan Sun
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute/CMA, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, WMO/IGAC MAP-AQ Asian Office Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang G, Liu X, Zhai S, Song G, Song H, Liang L, Kong Y, Ma R, He X. Rural-urban differences in associations between air pollution and cardiovascular hospital admissions in Guangxi, southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:40711-40723. [PMID: 35083669 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies found that exposure to air pollution increases cardiovascular hospitalizations. However, studies on rural-urban differences in associations between hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases and air pollution are limited. The generalized linear model (GLM) was applied to investigate the associations between cardiovascular hospitalizations and air pollution (SO2, NO2, PM2.5, PM10, CO, and O3) in Guangxi, southwest China, in 2015 (January 1-December 31). The relative risk of pollutants (SO2, NO2) on cardiovascular hospital admissions was significantly different between urban and rural areas. The effect of SO2 on cardiovascular hospitalizations was higher in urban areas than in rural areas at lag0 to lag3 and cumulative lag01 to lag03. In urban areas, there were positive associations between NO2 and cardiovascular hospitalizations at lag0, lag1 and cumulative lag01, lag02. In contrast, the effect of NO2 on cardiovascular hospitalizations was not significant in rural areas. Urban residents were more sensitive than rural residents to SO2 and NO2. Subgroup analyses showed statistically significant differences between rural and urban areas in the association between SO2 and NO2 and cardiovascular hospitalizations for males. For age groups, people aged ≥ 65 years appeared to be more vulnerable to SO2 and NO2 in urban areas. The effects of PM2.5 PM10, CO, and O3 on cardiovascular hospitalizations were consistently negative for all groups. Our findings indicated that there were rural-urban differences in associations between cardiovascular hospitalizations and air pollutants. In rural areas, the risk of cardiovascular hospitalizations was mainly influenced by SO2. Therefore, we expect to pay attention to protecting people from air pollution, particularly for those aged ≥ 65 years in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary AQ2, Calgary, Canada
| | - Shiyan Zhai
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
| | - Genxin Song
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Hongquan Song
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Lizhong Liang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Yunfeng Kong
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Xinxin He
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
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Areal AT, Zhao Q, Wigmann C, Schneider A, Schikowski T. The effect of air pollution when modified by temperature on respiratory health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:152336. [PMID: 34914983 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory diseases are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, and are exacerbated by air pollution and temperature. AIM To assess published literature on the effect of air pollution modified by temperature on respiratory mortality and hospital admissions. METHODS We identified 26,656 papers in PubMed and Web of Science, up to March 2021, and selected for analysis; inclusion criteria included observational studies, short-term air pollution, and temperature exposure. Air pollutants considered were particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μg/m3, and 10 μg/m3 (PM2.5, and PM10), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). A random-effects model was used for our meta-analysis. RESULTS For respiratory mortality we found that when the effect PM10 is modified by high temperatures there is an increased pooled Odds Ratio [OR, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)] of 1.021 (1.008 to 1.034) and for the effect of O3 the pooled OR is 1.006 (1.001-1.012) during the warm season. For hospital admissions, the effects of PM10 and O3 respectively, during the warm season found an increased pooled OR of 1.011 (0.999-1.024), and 1.015 (0.995-1.036). In our analysis for low temperatures, results were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to air pollution when modified by high temperature is likely to increase the odds of respiratory mortality and hospital admissions. Analysis on the interaction effect of air pollution and temperature on health outcomes is a relatively new research field and results are largely inconsistent; therefore, further research is encouraged to establish a more conclusive conclusion on the strength and direction of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashtyn Tracey Areal
- Department of Epidemiology, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Claudia Wigmann
- Department of Epidemiology, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- Department of Epidemiology, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Han J, Meng C, Liu J, Xu C, Liu Z, Wang Q, Liu Y, Xu D. The impacts of continuous improvements in air quality on mortality in Beijing: A longitudinal comparative study. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132893. [PMID: 34780733 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing concern about the health effects of air pollution in China, and many measures have been implemented to control air pollution. To investigate the impacts of air quality improvement on mortality from non-accidental causes (NAD), cardiovascular disease (CD), and respiratory disease (RD), a longitudinal comparative study was conducted in Beijing. This study investigated the effects of air pollutants on outcomes across five periods (stages 1-5). Health effect data from stage1-5 (1990-2013) were obtained through a systematic literature search of studies published before 2021. Daily atmospheric pollutant, meteorological, and cause-specific death data were collected to determine the effects in stage 5 (2015-2017). Poisson generalized additive models were used to analyze the associations between short-term exposure to air pollutants and mortality. Random-effects meta-analysis models were used to estimate the pooled effects at each stage. The effects of changes in air quality were analyzed through a difference-in-differences approach. Our results indicate that the absolute change of concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter≤ 10 μm (PM10) and≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) decreased by up to 42%, 10%, 33%, and 15% (stage 5), respectively. The effects of SO2 on deaths from CD and RD decreased by up to 2.76% and 1.43% (stage 3). The effects of NO2 on mortality from NAD, CD, and RD decreased by up to 0.39%, 0.74%, and 0.37% (stage 5). The effects of PM10 on death decreased by up to 0.11% (stage 3). The effects of PM2.5 on deaths from CD and RD decreased by up to 0.33% and 0.13% (stage 5). The results indicate that continued improvements in air quality have reduced the acute impact of air pollutants on population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiu Han
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China; China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Congshen Meng
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chunyu Xu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China; China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qin Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China; China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Dongqun Xu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China; China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Wang M, Li H, Huang S, Qian Y, Steenland K, Xie Y, Papatheodorou S, Shi L. Short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111766. [PMID: 34331919 PMCID: PMC8578359 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution has been characterized as a leading cause of mortality worldwide and has been associated with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. There is increasing evidence that short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), is related to adverse health effects and mortality. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of short-term NO2 and daily mortality, which were indexed in PubMed and Embase up to June 2021. We calculated random-effects estimates by different continents and globally, and tested for heterogeneity and publication bias. RESULTS We included 87 articles in our quantitative analysis. NO2 and all-cause as well as cause-specific mortality were positively associated in the main analysis. For all-cause mortality, a 10 ppb increase in NO2 was associated with a 1.58% (95%CI 1.28%-1.88%, I2 = 96.3%, Eggers' test p < 0.01, N = 57) increase in the risk of death. For cause-specific mortality, a 10 ppb increase in NO2 was associated with a 1.72% (95%CI 1.41%-2.04%, I2 = 87.4%, Eggers' test p < 0.01, N = 42) increase in cardiovascular mortality and a 2.05% (95%CI 1.52%-2.59%, I2 = 78.5%, Eggers' test p < 0.01, N = 38) increase in respiratory mortality. In the sensitivity analysis, the meta-estimates for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality were nearly identical. The heterogeneity would decline to varying degrees through regional and study-design stratification. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of an association between short-term exposure to NO2, a proxy for traffic-sourced air pollutants, and all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Wang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haomin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shiwen Huang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yaoyao Qian
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kyle Steenland
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Liuhua Shi
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Ambient PM 2.5 and PM 10 Exposure and Respiratory Disease Hospitalization in Kandy, Sri Lanka. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189617. [PMID: 34574538 PMCID: PMC8466407 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of associations between exposure to ambient air pollution and health outcomes are sparse in the South Asian region due to limited air pollution exposure and quality health data. This study investigated the potential impacts of ambient particulate matter (PM) on respiratory disease hospitalization in Kandy, Sri Lanka for the year 2019. The Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was applied to estimate the short-term effect of ambient PM on respiratory disease hospitalization. As the second analysis, respiratory disease hospitalizations during two distinct air pollution periods were analyzed. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in same-day exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with an increased risk of respiratory disease hospitalization by 1.95% (0.25, 3.67) and 1.63% (0.16, 3.12), respectively. The effect of PM2.5 or PM10 on asthma hospitalizations were 4.67% (1.23, 8.23) and 4.04% (1.06, 7.11), respectively (p < 0.05). The 65+ years age group had a higher risk associated with PM2.5 and PM10 exposure and hospital admissions for all respiratory diseases on the same day (2.74% and 2.28%, respectively). Compared to the lower ambient air pollution period, higher increased hospital admissions were observed among those aged above 65 years, males, and COPD and pneumonia hospital admissions during the high ambient air pollution period. Active efforts are crucial to improve ambient air quality in this region to reduce the health effects.
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Maipas S, Panayiotides IG, Tsiodras S, Kavantzas N. COVID-19 Pandemic and Environmental Health: Effects and the Immediate Need for a Concise Risk Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2021; 15:1178630221996352. [PMID: 33642862 PMCID: PMC7894687 DOI: 10.1177/1178630221996352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic, as another disease emerging in the interface between animals and humans, has revealed the importance of interdisciplinary collaborations such as the One Health initiative. Environmental Health, whose role in the One Health concept is well established, has been associated with COVID-19 pandemic via various direct and indirect pathways. Modern lifestyle, climate change, environmental degradation, exposure to chemicals such as endocrine disruptors, and exposure to psychological stress factors impact human health negatively. As a result, many people are in the disadvantageous position to face the pandemic with an already impaired immune system due to their exposure to environmental health hazards. Moreover, the ongoing pandemic has been associated with outdoor and indoor air pollution, water and noise pollution, food security, and plastic pollution issues. Also, the inadequate infrastructure, the lack of proper waste and wastewater management, and the unequal social vulnerability reveal more linkages between Environmental Health and COVID-19 pandemic. The significant emerging ecological risk and its subsequent health implications require immediate risk analysis and risk communication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Maipas
- Master Program “Environment and Health. Management of Environmental Health Effects,” Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens General Hospital “Laikon,” Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Panayiotides
- Master Program “Environment and Health. Management of Environmental Health Effects,” Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- 2nd Department of Pathology, “Attikon” University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Tsiodras
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, “Attikon” University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kavantzas
- Master Program “Environment and Health. Management of Environmental Health Effects,” Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens General Hospital “Laikon,” Athens, Greece
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9
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Yang T, Deng W, Liu Y, Zhao W, Liu J, Cao Y, Deng J. Association between ambient air pollution and laryngeal neoplasms incidence in twelve major Chinese cities, 2006-2013. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:39274-39282. [PMID: 32642903 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence has suggested that ambient air pollution is an increasingly important risk factor for respiratory diseases without assessing its influence on laryngeal neoplasms incidence in China. We constructed two-way fixed effect models and Poisson regression models to explore the effects of ambient air pollutants including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter less than or equal to 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) on incidence of laryngeal neoplasms in twelve major cities in China over the period 2006-2013. The annual average concentration for PM10, SO2, and NO2 was 107.22 μg/m3, 44.07 μg/m3, and 46.71 μg/m3 with standard deviations of 24.84 μg/m3, 13.68 μg/m3, and 9.19 μg/m3, respectively. We observed that ambient air pollutants were significantly positively correlated with the incidence of laryngeal neoplasms, especially for NO2. The relative risks of overall incidence of laryngeal neoplasms in the current period were 1.20, 1.04, and 1.00 for NO2, SO2, and PM10, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 1.01-1.43, 0.93-1.16, and 0.96-1.05, respectively. Moreover, this deleterious impact was stronger in the male than in the female, likely due to genetic predisposition caused by longer exposure to more serious air pollution for men. Our findings complement the epidemiological evidence of laryngeal neoplasms due to ambient air pollution and reinforce the necessity of policy efforts to control the noxious air pollution emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianan Yang
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Sustainable Development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenhao Deng
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Sustainable Development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yexin Liu
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Sustainable Development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weigang Zhao
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Sustainable Development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
- Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Sustainable Development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yunfei Cao
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Sustainable Development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
- Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jianwei Deng
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Sustainable Development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Davis AP, Wiegers TC, Grondin CJ, Johnson RJ, Sciaky D, Wiegers J, Mattingly CJ. Leveraging the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database to Fill in Knowledge Gaps for Environmental Health: A Test Case for Air Pollution-induced Cardiovascular Disease. Toxicol Sci 2020; 177:392-404. [PMID: 32663284 PMCID: PMC7548289 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental health studies relate how exposures (eg, chemicals) affect human health and disease; however, in most cases, the molecular and biological mechanisms connecting an exposure with a disease remain unknown. To help fill in these knowledge gaps, we sought to leverage content from the public Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) to identify potential intermediary steps. In a proof-of-concept study, we systematically compute the genes, molecular mechanisms, and biological events for the environmental health association linking air pollution toxicants with 2 cardiovascular diseases (myocardial infarction and hypertension) as a test case. Our approach integrates 5 types of curated interactions in CTD to build sets of "CGPD-tetramers," computationally constructed information blocks relating a Chemical- Gene interaction with a Phenotype and Disease. This bioinformatics strategy generates 653 CGPD-tetramers for air pollution-associated myocardial infarction (involving 5 pollutants, 58 genes, and 117 phenotypes) and 701 CGPD-tetramers for air pollution-associated hypertension (involving 3 pollutants, 96 genes, and 142 phenotypes). Collectively, we identify 19 genes and 96 phenotypes shared between these 2 air pollutant-induced outcomes, and suggest important roles for oxidative stress, inflammation, immune responses, cell death, and circulatory system processes. Moreover, CGPD-tetramers can be assembled into extensive chemical-induced disease pathways involving multiple gene products and sequential biological events, and many of these computed intermediary steps are validated in the literature. Our method does not require a priori knowledge of the toxicant, interacting gene, or biological system, and can be used to analyze any environmental chemical-induced disease curated within the public CTD framework. This bioinformatics strategy links and interrelates chemicals, genes, phenotypes, and diseases to fill in knowledge gaps for environmental health studies, as demonstrated for air pollution-associated cardiovascular disease, but can be adapted by researchers for any environmentally influenced disease-of-interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carolyn J Mattingly
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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Jiang Y, Chen J, Wu C, Lin X, Zhou Q, Ji S, Yang S, Zhang X, Liu B. Temporal cross-correlations between air pollutants and outpatient visits for respiratory and circulatory system diseases in Fuzhou, China. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1131. [PMID: 32690064 PMCID: PMC7370472 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08915-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that there is an association between air pollutants and circulatory and respiratory diseases; however, relatively few have analyzed the association between air pollutants and outpatient visits based on the mortality, hospitalization rates, etc., especially in areas with relatively good air quality. Therefore, we conducted this study to research the association between air pollutants and outpatient visits in Fuzhou, China. METHODS We used a generalized linear Poisson model to study the association between air pollution and outpatient visits for respiratory and circulatory diseases from 2016 to 2018 in Fuzhou, China. RESULTS In the single pollutant model, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) had a significant effect. For lag day 0 to lag day 5, the effect decreased with every 10 μg/L increase in NO2. The daily maximum 8-h mean ozone (O3-8h) and upper respiratory outpatient visits were positively associated during the cold period [lag2, excess risk (ER) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 1.68% (0.44-2.94%)], while O3-8h and respiratory disease were positively associated during the warm period [lag5, ER (95% CI): 1.10% (0.11-2.10%) and lag4, ER (95% CI): 1.02% (0.032-2.02%)]. Similarly, particulate matter (PM) with an average aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm (PM10) and lower respiratory diseases were positively associated during the warm period [lag0, ER (95% CI): 1.68% (0.44-2.94%)]. When the concentration of O3-8h was higher than 100 μg/L, there was a positive effect on circulatory [lag5, ER (95% CI): 2.83% (0.65-5.06%)], respiratory [lag5, ER (95% CI): 2.47% (0.85-4.11%)] and upper respiratory [lag5, ER (95% CI): 3.06% (1.38-4.77%)] outpatient visits. The variation in O3-8h changed slightly when we adjusted for other air pollutants, and after adjusting for O3-8h, the ERs of the other air pollutants changed slightly. After adjusting for PM with an average aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), the ERs of the other air pollutants increased, and after adjusting for NO2, the ER of PM decreased. CONCLUSION Exposure to ambient NO2, O3, PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with an increase in respiratory and circulatory system-related outpatient visits in Fuzhou, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiedong Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuancheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shumi Ji
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuangfeng Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baoying Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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12
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Sui S, Ng J, Gao Y, Peng C, He C, Wang G, Liu Z. Pollution characteristics and chronic health risk assessment of metals and metalloids in ambient PM 2.5 in Licheng District, Jinan, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:1803-1815. [PMID: 31659702 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 samples were collected at the Wangsheren primary school site in Licheng District of Jinan, China, during 2016. Eleven metals and metalloids including Al, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb and Se in PM2.5 were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. The annual average mass concentration of PM2.5 was found to be 88.7 μg m-3. The highest PM2.5 concentrations were obtained during the heating seasons of winter and spring. The concentrations of metals and metalloids in PM2.5 were in a descending order of Al, Pb, Mn, As, Se, Cr, Sb, Ni, Cd, Hg and Be. The enrichment factors showed that Pb, Mn, As, Se, Cr, Sb, Ni, Cd, Hg originated from anthropogenic sources. Factor analysis indicated that the main sources of the metals were coal combustion dust, soil dust, metallurgical industry, brake abrasion of vehicles and other mixed sources. Coal combustion dust was the primary source of metal pollution in PM2.5. Non-carcinogenic risks associated with exposure through the respiratory system were between 6.30 × 10-4 and 7.62 × 10-1, which were lower than the safe limit (1). The carcinogenic risks of Cr, As and Cd were 3.17 × 10-5, 1.52 × 10-5, 2.22 × 10-6, respectively, which were higher than the precautionary criterion (10-6/year). This study indicates that the air pollution of PM2.5 is of public health concern in Licheng District of Jinan, particularly related to potential carcinogenic metals of As, Cr and Cd. Intervention action is needed to reduce the emission sources of these elements, especially coal combustion in winter heating season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Sui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Monitoring and Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jack Ng
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia
| | - Yanxin Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Monitoring and Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia
| | - Chang He
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia
| | - Guoling Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Monitoring and Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44# Wenhua West Road, Lixia Area, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Yang T, Liu Y, Zhao W, Chen Z, Deng J. Association of Ambient Air Pollution with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Incidence in Ten Large Chinese Cities, 2006-2013. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1824. [PMID: 32168946 PMCID: PMC7143662 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Large cities in China are experiencing severe ambient air pollution. Although China accounts for more than 45% of new cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma worldwide in 2018, few studies have examined the association between ambient air pollution and the high nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) incidence in China. Thus, we aim to investigate whether exposure to ambient air pollution (including nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and PM10) would significantly affect NPC incidence in large Chinese cities. We collected panel data of ten Chinese provincial cities about local NPC incidence, air pollution level, meteorology, and city profiles during 2006 to 2013 to construct a two-way fixed-effects model to explore the association between ambient air pollution and NPC incidence, as well as possible regional and gender differences behind the association. We found that NO2 had the strongest association with NPC incidence, and the relative risks were 2.2995 (95% CI, 1.2567-4.2075) for males and 1.3010 (95% CI, 0.8212-2.0620) for females, respectively. Under cumulative exposure, it was still NO2 that had the strongest association with NPC incidence, with a relative risk of 1.8836 (95% CI, 1.2416-2.8577), compared to 1.0857 (95% CI, 0.9474-1.2450) and 1.0547 (95% CI, 0.8790-1.2663) for SO2 and PM10, respectively. In addition, males were found more sensitive to ambient air pollution than females. We also found that southern Chinese cities were more sensitive to NO2 than northern cities, which might be related to a higher humidity there. Our study reveals that exposure to ambient air pollutants like SO2, PM10, and particularly NO2, is significantly positively associated with NPC incidence in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianan Yang
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.C.)
- Sustainable Development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing, Beijing 100081, China
- Chair of Sport and Health Management, School of Management, Technical University of Munich, Uptown Munich Campus D, 80992 Munich, Germany
| | - Yexin Liu
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.C.)
- Sustainable Development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weigang Zhao
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.C.)
- Sustainable Development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing, Beijing 100081, China
- Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Economics and Environmental Management, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhenjiao Chen
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.C.)
- Sustainable Development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianwei Deng
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.C.)
- Sustainable Development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing, Beijing 100081, China
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Azimi M, Feng F, Zhou C. Air pollution inequality and health inequality in China: An empirical study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:11962-11974. [PMID: 30825123 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
China's residents experience unequal exposure to air pollution in different regions, and the corresponding health consequences have increased remarkably. To ensure sustainable development, China should monitor health inequality and its potential determinants. This study empirically examines the health inequalities (represented by perinatal and tuberculosis mortalities) caused by air pollution inequalities (represented by SO2 and NOx emissions) from 31 Chinese provinces in the period 2006 to 2015, using the generalized method of moments (GMM) and quantile regression (QR). The GMM results reveal a strong positive relationship between SO2/NOx emission inequality and tuberculosis mortality inequality. In contrast, the QR results show that perinatal mortality inequality is closely related to emission inequality across all percentiles for SO2 emission and at the 75th percentile for NOx emission. Our findings help policymakers to identify health disparities and be mindful of air pollution inequality as a factor in the elimination of health inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Azimi
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Feng Feng
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Chongyang Zhou
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Li W, Pei L, Li A, Luo K, Cao Y, Li R, Xu Q. Spatial variation in the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular mortality in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:2501-2511. [PMID: 30471063 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Due to lack of data from multiple air quality monitoring stations, studies about spatial association between concentrations of ambient pollutants and mortality in China are rare. To investigate the spatial variation of association between concentrations of particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and cardiovascular mortality in Beijing, China, we collected data including daily deaths, concentrations of PM10 and NO2, and meteorological factors from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2010, in all 16 districts of Beijing. Generalized additive model (GAM) and generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) were used to examine the citywide and district-specific effects of PM10 and NO2 on cardiovascular mortality. The citywide effect derived from GAMM was lower than that derived from GAM and the strongest effects were identified for 2-day moving average lag 0-1. For every 10 μg/m3 increases in concentrations of PM10 and NO2, the corresponding daily cardiovascular mortality increases in 0.31% (95%CI 0.15%, 0.46%) and 1.63% (95%CI 1.11%, 2.13%), respectively. The death risk associated with air pollutants varied across different geographic districts in Beijing. We found spatially varied adverse effects of air pollution on cardiovascular deaths in Beijing. But there was insufficient evidence to show the significant spatial heterogeneity in mortality effects of PM10 and NO2 in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Lu Pei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 701 85, Örebro, Sweden
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17 177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Runkui Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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16
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Zhu F, Ding R, Lei R, Cheng H, Liu J, Shen C, Zhang C, Xu Y, Xiao C, Li X, Zhang J, Cao J. The short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory diseases and lung cancer mortality in Hefei: A time-series analysis. Respir Med 2019; 146:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Li W, Cao Y, Li R, Ma X, Chen J, Wu Z, Xu Q. The spatial variation in the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular mortality in Beijing, China. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2018; 28:297-304. [PMID: 29666509 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2016.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Owing to lack of data from multiple air quality monitoring stations, studies about spatial association between concentrations of ambient pollutants and mortality in China are rare. To investigate the spatial variation of association between concentrations of particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) and cardiovascular mortality in Beijing, China, we collected data including daily deaths, concentrations of PM10, NO2 and CO, and meteorological factors from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2010 in all 16 districts of Beijing. Generalized additive model (GAM) and generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) were used to examine the citywide and district-specific effects of PM10, NO2 and CO on cardiovascular mortality. The citywide effect derived from GAMM was lower than that derived from GAM, and the strongest effects were identified for 2-day moving average lag 0-1. The interquartile increases in concentrations of PM10, NO2 and CO were associated with 2.46 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22-3.72), 4.11 (95%CI, 2.82-5.42) and 2.23 (95%CI, 1.14-3.33) percentage increases in daily cardiovascular mortality by GAMM, respectively. The relative risk of each district compared with reference district was generally statistically significant. The death risk associated with air pollutants varies across different geographic districts in Beijing. The data indicate that the risk is high in suburban areas and rural counties. We found significant and spatially varied adverse effects of air pollution on cardiovascular deaths across the rural and urban areas in Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, KarolinskaInstitutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro 70185, Sweden
| | - Runkui Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xinming Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jieying Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhenglai Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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Newell K, Kartsonaki C, Lam KBH, Kurmi O. Cardiorespiratory health effects of gaseous ambient air pollution exposure in low and middle income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health 2018; 17:41. [PMID: 29669550 PMCID: PMC5907176 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of research on the effects of gaseous pollutants (nitrogen oxides [NOx], sulfur dioxide [SO2], carbon monoxide [CO] and ozone [O3]) in the ambient environment on health outcomes from within low and middle income countries (LMICs) is leading to reliance on results from studies performed within high income countries (HICs). This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the cardiorespiratory health effects of gaseous pollutants in LMICs exclusively. METHODS Systematic searching was carried out and estimates pooled by pollutant, lag and outcome, and presented as excess relative risk per 10 μg/m3 (NOx, SO2, O3) or 1 ppm (CO) increase pollutant. Sub-group analysis was performed examining estimates by specific outcomes, city and co-pollutant adjustment. RESULTS Sixty studies met the inclusion criteria, most (44) from the East Asia and Pacific region. A 10 μg/m3 increase in same day NOx was associated with 0.92% (95% CI: 0.44, 1.39), and 0.70% (0.01, 1.40) increases in cardiovascular and respiratory mortality respectively, same day NOx was not associated with morbidity. Same day sulfur dioxide was associated with 0.73% (0.04, 1.42) and 0.50% (0.01, 1.00) increases in respiratory morbidity and in cardiovascular mortality respectively. CONCLUSIONS Acute exposure to gaseous ambient air pollution (AAP) is associated with increases in morbidity and mortality in LMICs, with greatest associations observed for cardiorespiratory mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Newell
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kin Bong Hubert Lam
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Om Kurmi
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Dehghan A, Khanjani N, Bahrampour A, Goudarzi G, Yunesian M. The relation between air pollution and respiratory deaths in Tehran, Iran- using generalized additive models. BMC Pulm Med 2018; 18:49. [PMID: 29558916 PMCID: PMC5859399 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some epidemiological evidence has shown a relation between ambient air pollution and adverse health outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of air pollution on mortality from respiratory diseases in Tehran, Iran. Methods In this ecological study, air pollution data was inquired from the Tehran Province Environmental Protection Agency and the Tehran Air Quality Control Company. Meteorological data was collected from the Tehran Meteorology Organization and mortality data from the Tehran Cemetery Mortality Registration. Generalized Additive Models (GAM) was used for data analysis with different lags, up to 15 days. A 10-unit increase in all pollutants except CO (1-unit) was used to compute the Relative Risk of deaths. Results During 2005 until 2014, 37,967 respiratory deaths occurred in Tehran in which 21,913 (57.7%) were male. The strongest relationship between NO2 and PM10and respiratory death was seen on the same day (lag 0), and was respectively (RR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.07) and (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02–1.04). O3 and PM2.5 had the strongest relationship with respiratory deaths on lag 2 and 1 respectively, and the RR was equal to 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05 and 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02–1.10 respectively. NO2, O3, PM10 and PM2.5 also showed significant relations with respiratory deaths in the older age groups. Conclusions The findings of this study showed that O3, NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 air pollutants were related to respiratory deaths in Tehran. Reducing ambient air pollution can save lives in Tehran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizallah Dehghan
- Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. .,Monash Centre for Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Abbas Bahrampour
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Air Pollution Research and Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Rajper SA, Ullah S, Li Z. Exposure to air pollution and self-reported effects on Chinese students: A case study of 13 megacities. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194364. [PMID: 29547657 PMCID: PMC5856349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution causes severe physical and psychological health complications. Considering China's continuously-deteriorating air quality, this study aimed to assess the self-reported effects of air pollution on the behavior and physical health of the students of 13 densely populated cities, and their awareness, practices, and perception of air pollution and its associated public health risks. A detailed, closed-ended questionnaire was administered to 2100 students from 54 universities and schools across China. The questionnaire, which had 24 questions, was categorized into four sections. The first two sections were focused on air pollution-associated behavior and psychology, and physical effects; while the final two sections focused on the subjects' awareness and perceptions, and practices and concerns about air pollution. The respondents reported that long-term exposure to air pollution had significantly affected their psychology and behavior, as well as their physical health. The respondents were aware of the different adverse impacts of air pollution (respiratory infections, allergies, and cardiovascular problems), and hence had adopted different preventive measures, such as the use of respiratory masks and glasses or goggles, regularly drinking water, and consuming rich foods. It was concluded that air pollution and haze had negative physical and psychological effects on the respondents, which led to severe changes in behavior. Proper management, future planning, and implementing strict environmental laws are suggested before this problem worsens and becomes life-threatening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sana Ullah
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqiu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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21
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Grondin CJ, Davis AP, Wiegers TC, Wiegers JA, Mattingly CJ. Accessing an Expanded Exposure Science Module at the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:014501. [PMID: 29351546 PMCID: PMC6014688 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD; http://ctdbase.org) is a free resource that provides manually curated information on chemical, gene, phenotype, and disease relationships to advance understanding of the effect of environmental exposures on human health. Four core content areas are independently curated: chemical-gene interactions, chemical-disease and gene-disease associations, chemical-phenotype interactions, and environmental exposure data (e.g., effects of chemical stressors on humans). Since releasing exposure data in 2015, we have vastly increased our coverage of chemicals and disease/phenotype outcomes; greatly expanded access to exposure content; added search capability by stressors, cohorts, population demographics, and measured outcomes; and created user-specified displays of content. These enhancements aim to facilitate human studies by allowing comparisons among experimental parameters and across studies involving specified chemicals, populations, or outcomes. Integration of data among CTD's four content areas and external data sets, such as Gene Ontology annotations and pathway information, links exposure data with over 1.8 million chemical-gene, chemical-disease and gene-disease interactions. Our analysis tools reveal direct and inferred relationships among the data and provide opportunities to generate predictive connections between environmental exposures and population-level health outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2873.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia J Grondin
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Allan Peter Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas C Wiegers
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jolene A Wiegers
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carolyn J Mattingly
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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22
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Newell K, Kartsonaki C, Lam KBH, Kurmi OP. Cardiorespiratory health effects of particulate ambient air pollution exposure in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Planet Health 2017; 1:e368-e380. [PMID: 29851649 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(17)30166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most prospective studies on the health effects of particulate ambient air pollution exposure have focused on high-income countries, which have much lower pollutant concentrations than low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and different sources of pollution. We aimed to investigate the cardiorespiratory health effects of particulate ambient air pollution exposure in LMICs exclusively. METHODS For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, Global Health, and Proquest for studies published between database inception and Nov 28, 2016, investigating the cardiorespiratory health effects of particulate ambient air pollution exposure in LMICs. Data were extracted from published studies by one author, and then checked and verified by all authors independently. We pooled estimates by pollutant type (particulate matter with a diameter of <2·5 μm [PM2·5] or 2·5-10 μm [PM10]), lag, and outcome, and presented them as excess relative risk per 10 μg/m3 increase in particulate ambient air pollution. We used a random-effects model to derive overall excess risk. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016051733. FINDINGS Of 1553 studies identified, 91 met the full eligibility criteria. Only four long-term exposure studies from China were identified and not included in the meta-analysis. A 10 μg/m3 increase in same-day PM2·5 was associated with a 0·47% (95% CI 0·34-0·61) increase in cardiovascular mortality and a 0·57% (0·28-0·86) increase in respiratory mortality. A 10 μg/m3 increase in same-day PM10 was associated with a 0·27% (0·11-0·44) increase in cardiovascular mortality and a 0·56% (0·24-0·87) increase in respiratory mortality. INTERPRETATION Short-term exposure to particulate ambient air pollution is associated with increases in cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality in LMIC's, with apparent regional-specific variations. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Newell
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kin Bong Hubert Lam
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Om P Kurmi
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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23
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Zhang C, Ding R, Xiao C, Xu Y, Cheng H, Zhu F, Lei R, Di D, Zhao Q, Cao J. Association between air pollution and cardiovascular mortality in Hefei, China: A time-series analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 229:790-797. [PMID: 28797522 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, air pollution has become an alarming problem in China. However, evidence on the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular mortality is still not conclusive to date. This research aimed to assess the short-term effects of air pollution on cardiovascular morbidity in Hefei, China. Data of air pollution, cardiovascular mortality, and meteorological characteristics in Hefei between 2010 and 2015 were collected. Time-series analysis in generalized additive model was applied to evaluate the association between air pollution and daily cardiovascular mortality. During the study period, the annual average concentration of PM10, SO2, and NO2 was 105.91, 20.58, and 30.93 μg/m3, respectively. 21,816 people (including 11,876 man, and 14,494 people over 75 years of age) died of cardiovascular diseases. In single pollutant model, the effects of multi-day exposure were greater than single-day exposure of the air pollution. For every increase of 10 μg/m3 in SO2, NO2, and PM10 levels, CVD mortality increased by 5.26% (95%CI: 3.31%-7.23%), 2.71% (95%CI: 1.23%-4.22%), and 0.68% (95%CI: 0.33%-1.04%) at a lag03, respectively. The multi-pollutant models showed that PM10 and SO2 remained associated with CVD mortality, although the effect estimates attenuated. However, the effect of NO2 on CVD mortality decreased to statistically insignificant. Subgroup analyses further showed that women were more vulnerable than man upon air pollution exposure. These findings showed that air pollution could significantly increase the CVD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Heath, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Heath, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Hefei Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yachun Xu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Heath, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Han Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Heath, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Furong Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Heath, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Ruoqian Lei
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Heath, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Dongsheng Di
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Qihong Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jiyu Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Heath, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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Li X, Jiang Y, Yin L, Liu B, Du P, Hassan M, Wang S, Li T. Evaluation of the environmental epidemiologic data and methodology for the air quality standard in Beijing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2017; 61:1511-1517. [PMID: 28456878 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-017-1330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the relationship between exposure to air pollutants and respiratory emergency room visits, a generalized additive model (GAM) was used to analyze the exposure-effect relationship between air pollutants and respiratory emergency room visits. The results showed that NO2, SO2, and PM10 have positive relationships with respiratory disease. Concentration increases of 10 μg/m3 in NO2, SO2, and PM10 corresponded to 3.90% (95%CI 3.56-4.25), 0.81% (95%CI -0.09-1.72), and 0.64% (95%CI 0.55-0.74) increases in respiratory emergency room visits. In addition, there is a strong synergic effect of PM10 and NO2 on respiratory diseases. The threshold values of the national standard grade II limits used in Beijing should be adjusted. An appropriate standard could effectively promote a significant decline in respiratory room visits and would eventually be beneficial to air quality management in residential areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKESPC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Beijing Energy Conservation & Environmental Protection Center (BEEC), Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yanfeng Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Ling Yin
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Tianjin Meteorological Observatory, Tianjin, 300074, China
| | - Pengfei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKESPC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Mujtaba Hassan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKESPC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shigong Wang
- College of Atmospheric Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tanshi Li
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
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Sun J, Barnes AJ, He D, Wang M, Wang J. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association between Ambient Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Disease in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E646. [PMID: 28621760 PMCID: PMC5486332 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the quantitative effects of short-term exposure of ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) on respiratory disease (RD) mortality and RD hospital admission in China through systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A total of 29 publications were finally selected from searches in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang databases. Generic inverse variance method was used to pool effect estimates. Pooled estimates were used to represent the increased risk of RD mortality and RD hospital admission per 10 μg/m³ increase in NO₂ concentration. Results: Positive correlations were found between short-term NO₂ exposure and RD in China. RD mortality and RD hospital admission respectively increased by 1.4% (95% CI: 1.1%, 1.7%) and 1.0% (95% CI: 0.5%, 1.5%) per 10 μg/m³ increase in NO₂ concentration. Differences were observed across geographic regions of China. The risk of RD mortality due to NO₂ was higher in the southern region (1.7%) than in the north (0.7%). Conclusions: Evidence was found that short-term exposure to NO₂ was associated with an increased risk of RD mortality and RD hospital admission in China and these risks were more pronounced in the southern regions of the country, due in part to a larger proportion of elderly persons with increased susceptibility to NO₂ in the population compared with the north.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyao Sun
- School of Health Care Management, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, National Health and Family Planning Commission of People's Republic of China (NHFPC), Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Andrew J Barnes
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 830 E Main St., Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
| | - Dongyang He
- School of Health Care Management, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, National Health and Family Planning Commission of People's Republic of China (NHFPC), Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Health Care Management, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, National Health and Family Planning Commission of People's Republic of China (NHFPC), Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Health Care Management, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, National Health and Family Planning Commission of People's Republic of China (NHFPC), Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
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26
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Spatiotemporal Patterns of Ozone and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease Mortalities Due to Ozone in Shenzhen. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Liu X, Zhu H, Hu Y, Feng S, Chu Y, Wu Y, Wang C, Zhang Y, Yuan Z, Lu Y. Public's Health Risk Awareness on Urban Air Pollution in Chinese Megacities: The Cases of Shanghai, Wuhan and Nanchang. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13090845. [PMID: 27571088 PMCID: PMC5036678 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13090845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the public’s health risk awareness of urban air pollution triggered by three megacities in China, and the data are the responses from a sample size of 3868 megacity inhabitants from Shanghai, Nanchang and Wuhan. Descriptive analyses were used to summarize the respondents’ demographics, perceived health risks from air pollution and sources of health-related knowledge on urban air pollution. Chi-square tests were used to examine if participants’ demographics were associated with participant’s general attitudes towards current air quality and the three perceived highest health risks due to urban air pollution. We found low rate of satisfaction of current urban air quality as well as poor knowledge of air pollution related indicator. Participants’ gender, age and travel experience were found to be associated with the satisfaction of current air quality. The knowledge of air pollution related indicator was significantly affected by respondents’ education, monthly income, health status, and sites of study. As many as 46.23% of the participants expressed their feelings of anxiety when exposed to polluted air, especially females, older adults and those with poor health conditions. Most participants believed that coughs/colds, eye problems and skin allergies were the three highest health risks due to urban air pollution based on public education through television/radio, internet and newspaper/magazine. Further public health education is needed to improve public awareness of air pollution and its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Liu
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Hui Zhu
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Yongxin Hu
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Sha Feng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Chu
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Donghu District, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yanyan Wu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 1960 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Chiyu Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 1960 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 1960 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Zhaokang Yuan
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Yuanan Lu
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 1960 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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Fang X, Li R, Kan H, Bottai M, Fang F, Cao Y. Bayesian model averaging method for evaluating associations between air pollution and respiratory mortality: a time-series study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011487. [PMID: 27531727 PMCID: PMC5013441 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate an application of Bayesian model averaging (BMA) with generalised additive mixed models (GAMM) and provide a novel modelling technique to assess the association between inhalable coarse particles (PM10) and respiratory mortality in time-series studies. DESIGN A time-series study using regional death registry between 2009 and 2010. SETTING 8 districts in a large metropolitan area in Northern China. PARTICIPANTS 9559 permanent residents of the 8 districts who died of respiratory diseases between 2009 and 2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Per cent increase in daily respiratory mortality rate (MR) per interquartile range (IQR) increase of PM10 concentration and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) in single-pollutant and multipollutant (including NOx, CO) models. RESULTS The Bayesian model averaged GAMM (GAMM+BMA) and the optimal GAMM of PM10, multipollutants and principal components (PCs) of multipollutants showed comparable results for the effect of PM10 on daily respiratory MR, that is, one IQR increase in PM10 concentration corresponded to 1.38% vs 1.39%, 1.81% vs 1.83% and 0.87% vs 0.88% increase, respectively, in daily respiratory MR. However, GAMM+BMA gave slightly but noticeable wider CIs for the single-pollutant model (-1.09 to 4.28 vs -1.08 to 3.93) and the PCs-based model (-2.23 to 4.07 vs -2.03 vs 3.88). The CIs of the multiple-pollutant model from two methods are similar, that is, -1.12 to 4.85 versus -1.11 versus 4.83. CONCLUSIONS The BMA method may represent a useful tool for modelling uncertainty in time-series studies when evaluating the effect of air pollution on fatal health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Runkui Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Matteo Bottai
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yang Cao
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Ma Y, Xiao B, Liu C, Zhao Y, Zheng X. Association between Ambient Air Pollution and Emergency Room Visits for Respiratory Diseases in Spring Dust Storm Season in Lanzhou, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13060613. [PMID: 27338430 PMCID: PMC4924070 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13060613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Air pollution has become a major global public health problem. A number of studies have confirmed the association between air pollutants and emergency room (ER) visits for respiratory diseases in developed countries and some Asian countries, but little evidence has been seen in Western China. This study aims to concentrate on this region. Methods: A time-series analysis was used to examine the specific effects of major air pollutants (PM10, SO2 and NO2) on ER visits for respiratory diseases from 2007 to 2011 in the severely polluted city of Lanzhou. We examined the effects of air pollutants for stratified groups by age and gender, accounting for the modifying effect of dust storms in spring to test the possible interaction. Results: Significant associations were found between outdoor air pollution concentrations and respiratory diseases, as expressed by daily ER visits in Lanzhou in the spring dust season. The association between air pollution and ER visits appeared to be more evident on dust days than non-dust days. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs per 10 µg/m3 increase in 3-day PM10 (L3), 5-day SO2 (L5), and the average of current and previous 2-day NO2 (L01) were 1.140 (1.071–1.214), 1.080 (0.967–1.205), and 1.298 (1.158–1.454), respectively, on dust days. More significant associations between PM10, SO2 and NO2 and ER visits were found on dust days for elderly females, elderly males and adult males, respectively. Conclusions: This study strengthens the evidence of dust-exacerbated ER visits for respiratory diseases in Lanzhou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Ma
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Center for Meteorological Environment and Human Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Bingshuang Xiao
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Center for Meteorological Environment and Human Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Center for Meteorological Environment and Human Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Center for Meteorological Environment and Human Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Center for Meteorological Environment and Human Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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30
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Zhang F, Xu J, Zhang Z, Meng H, Wang L, Lu J, Wang W, Krafft T. Ambient air quality and the effects of air pollutants on otolaryngology in Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:495. [PMID: 26156317 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To investigate temporal patterns, pollution concentrations and the health effects of air pollutants in Beijing we carried out time-series analyses on daily concentrations of ambient air pollutants and daily numbers of outpatient visits for otolaryngology over 2 years (2011-2012) to identify possible health effects of air pollutants. The results showed that PM10 was the major air pollutant in Beijing and that air quality was slightly better in 2012 than in 2011. Seasonal differences were apparent for SO2 and NO2. Both the background and urban areas of Beijing experienced particulate matter pollution in 2011. In addition to local air pollution, Beijing was also affected by pollutants transported from other regions, especially during heavy air pollution episodes. PM10, NO2, and SO2 concentrations showed positive associations with numbers of outpatient visits for otolaryngology during winter. NO2 and SO2 also had adverse ear, nose, and throat health effects outside of winter. The ear, nose, and throat health risks caused by air pollutants were higher during the winter than during the summer. NO2 had stronger influence on increased the likelihood of outpatient visits than SO2. The findings provide additional information about air quality and health effects of air pollution in Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Zhang
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China,
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31
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Liu Y, Chen X, Huang S, Tian L, Lu Y, Mei Y, Ren M, Li N, Liu L, Xiang H. Association between air pollutants and cardiovascular disease mortality in Wuhan, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:3506-16. [PMID: 25815523 PMCID: PMC4410199 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120403506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We examined the associations of daily mean concentrations of ambient air pollutants (particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitric oxide (NO2)) and daily cardiovascular diseases (CVD) mortality in Wuhan, China using a case-crossover design to analyze four years of data (2006–2009) collected from the Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau. From 2006 to 2009, daily average concentrations of PM10, SO2 and NO2 were 115.60 µg/m3, 53.21 µg/m3 and 53.08 µg/m3, respectively. After adjusting for temperature and relative humidity, a 10 µg/m3 increase in SO2 and NO2 over a 24-h period was associated with CVD mortality relative risk (R.R.) of 1.010 (95% CI: 1.000, 1.020) for SO2 and 1.019 (95% CI: 1.005, 1.033) for NO2, but there was no significant association between increases in PM10 and mortality. Subgroup analysis on by gender showed a significant association of 1.026 (95% CI: 1.007, 1.045) between NO2 and CVD among males, while no significant statistical effect was shown among females. Subgroup analysis by age showed that for those older than 65 years, every 10 µg/m3 increase in NO2 was associated with a 1.6% (95% CI: 0.1%, 3.1%) increase in CVD mortality. Subgroup analysis on different types of CVD showed that every 10 µg/m3 increase in PM10 and SO2 were significantly associated with an approximately 1.012 (95% CI: 1.002, 1.022) and 1.021 (95% CI: 1.002, 1.040) increase, respectively, in ischemic heart disease (ICH) mortality. In conclusion, exposure to NO2 is significantly associated with CVD mortality. Larger, multi-center studies in Chinese cities are being currently conducted to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisi Liu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China.
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China.
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Shuqiong Huang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Liqiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Yuan'an Lu
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Public Health Sciences, Univ Hawaii at Manoa, 1960 East West Rd., Biomed Bldg., D105, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Yan Mei
- School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Meng Ren
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China.
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Na Li
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China.
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Guangdong Key Lab of Molecular Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China.
| | - Hao Xiang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China.
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China.
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Yang Y, Cao Y, Li W, Li R, Wang M, Wu Z, Xu Q. Multi-site time series analysis of acute effects of multiple air pollutants on respiratory mortality: a population-based study in Beijing, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 508:178-87. [PMID: 25478654 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In large cities in China, the traffic-related air pollution has become the focus of attention, and its adverse effects on health have raised public concerns. We conducted a study to quantify the association between exposure to three major traffic-related pollutants - particulate matter < 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the risk of respiratory mortality in Beijing, China at a daily spatiotemporal resolution. We used the generalized additive models (GAM) with natural splines and principal component regression method to associate air pollutants with daily respiratory mortality, covariates and confounders. The GAM analysis adjusting for the collinearity among pollutants indicated that PM10, CO and NO2 had significant effects on daily respiratory mortality in Beijing. An interquartile range increase in 2-day moving averages concentrations of day 0 and day 1 of PM10, CO and NO2 corresponded to 0.99 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30, 1.67], 0.89 (95% CI: 0.27, 1.51) and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.29, 1.61) percent increase in daily respiratory mortality, respectively. The effects were varied across the districts. The strongest effects were found in two rural districts and one suburban district but significant in only one district. In conclusion, high level of several traffic-related air pollutants is associated with an increased risk of respiratory mortality in Beijing over a short-time period. The high risk found in rural areas suggests a potential susceptible sub-population with undiagnosed respiratory diseases in these areas. Although the rural areas have relatively lower air pollution levels, they deserve more attention to respiratory disease prevention and air pollution reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Unit of Biostatistics, Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Runkui Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhenglai Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
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Burn BR, Varner KJ. Environmentally persistent free radicals compromise left ventricular function during ischemia/reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H998-H1006. [PMID: 25681431 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00891.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Increases in airborne particulate matter (PM) are linked to increased mortality from myocardial ischemia. PM contains environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) that form as halogenated hydrocarbons chemisorb to transition metal oxide-coated particles, and are capable of sustained redox cycling. We hypothesized that exposure to the EPFR DCB230 would increase cardiac vulnerability to subsequent myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Rats were exposed to DCB230 or vehicle via nose-only inhalation (230 μg max/day) over 30 min/day for 7 days. MI/R or sham MI/R (sham) was initiated 24 h after the final exposure. Following 1 or 7 days of reperfusion, left ventricular (LV) function was assessed and infarct size measured. In vehicle-exposed rats, MI/R injury did not significantly reduce cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), stroke work (SW), end-diastolic volume (EDV), or end-systolic volume (ESV) after 1 day of reperfusion, despite significant reductions in end-systolic pressure (ESP). Preload-recruitable SW (PRSW; contractility) was elevated, presumably to maintain LV function. MI/R 1-day rats exposed to DCB230 also had similarly reduced ESP. Compared with vehicle controls, CO, SV, and SW were significantly reduced in DCB230-exposed MI/R 1-day rats; moreover, PRSW did not increase. DCB230's effects on LV function dissipated within 8 days of exposure. These data show that inhalation of EPFRs can exacerbate the deficits in LV function produced by subsequent MI/R injury. Infarct size was not different between the MI/R groups. We conclude that inhalation of EPFRs can compromise cardiac function during MI/R injury and may help to explain the link between PM and MI/R-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan R Burn
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kurt J Varner
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the relationship between air pollution and children's respiratory health in Shanghai, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:1834-48. [PMID: 25664694 PMCID: PMC4344696 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120201834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To assess the status of, and factors associated with, residents’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to air pollution and respiratory health of children in Shanghai, we conducted a cross-sectional survey. Demographic factors associated with residents’ knowledge were identified by multiple logistic regressions. The questionnaires were completed by 972 participants, half from the Shanghai Children Hospital and the other half from the Jiading communities. Half of the participants’ scores of knowledge and attitudes were equal or greater than 8.0 on a 9-point scale, over 75% of respondents’ practice scores were equal to or less than 4.0. Our studies demonstrated a significant difference of average knowledge scores between the two groups (t = 1.27, p < 0.05). The parents’ educational level (OR = 1.89, 2.48) and average annual household income (AAHI) (OR = 2.37, 2.40, 2.12) were the two strongest factors on knowledge awareness. In addition, statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the two groups in their attitudes towards air quality and their perception of the government’s efforts to alleviate it. The hospital and community groups also showed significant differences in practices geared towards protecting their children’s health. Nearly 90% of the respondents agreed that improving air quality is the responsibility of every citizen, and the joint action of governments and all citizens should be utilized for enhanced control. In addition, more resources should be allocated towards providing citizens with appropriate practices to help lessen the effects of poor air quality.
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Lu F, Xu D, Cheng Y, Dong S, Guo C, Jiang X, Zheng X. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the adverse health effects of ambient PM2.5 and PM10 pollution in the Chinese population. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 136:196-204. [PMID: 25460637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As the largest developing country, China has some of the worst air quality in the world. Heavy smog in January 2013 led to unprecedented public concern about the health impact of exposure to particulate matter. Conducting health impact assessments of particulate matter has thus become an urgent task for public health practitioners. Combined estimates of the health effects of exposure to particulate matter from quantitative reviews could provide vital information for epidemiology-based health impact assessments, but estimates for the Chinese population are limited. METHODS On December 31, 2013, we systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases using as keywords names of 127 major cities in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. From among the 1464 articles identified, 59 studies were manually screened. Random-effects or fixed-effects models were used to combine their risk estimates, the funnel plots with Egger test were performed to evaluate the publication bias and Meta regression were run to explore the association between exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 and 2.5 µm (PM10 and PM2.5) and the resulting health effects by the Comprehensive Meta Analysis. RESULTS In terms of short-term effects, the combined excess risks of total non-accidental mortality, mortality due to cardiovascular disease, and mortality due to respiratory disease were 0.36% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.26%, 0.46%), 0.36% (95%CI: 0.24%, 0.49%), and 0.42% (95%CI: 0.28%, 0.55%), for each 10 μg/m(3) increase in PM10. A 10 μg/m(3) increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 0.40% (95%CI: 0.22%, 0.59%) increase in total non-accidental mortality, a 0.63% (95%CI: 0.35%, 0.91%) increase in mortality due to cardiovascular disease, and a 0.75% (95%CI: 01.39%, 1.11%) increase in mortality due to respiratory disease. For constituent-specific mortality, increases of 0.40-3.11% were associated with an increase of 10 ng/m(3) for nickel in PM. The summary estimate ranges of hospital utilization were 0.08% ~ 0.72% and -0.58% ~ 1.32% for a 10 μg/m(3) increase in PM10 and PM2.5. In terms of long-term effects, a 10 μg/m(3) increase of PM10 corresponded to 23-67% increase in the risk of mortality. CONCLUSION Short exposures to PM10 and PM2.5 are associated with increases in mortality, but evidence of constituent-associated health effects, long-term effects and morbidity in China is still inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lu
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dongqun Xu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yibin Cheng
- Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shaoxia Dong
- Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Yang Y, Li R, Li W, Wang M, Cao Y, Wu Z, Xu Q. The association between ambient air pollution and daily mortality in Beijing after the 2008 olympics: a time series study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76759. [PMID: 24204670 PMCID: PMC3800078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, ambient air pollution has been an important public health issue in Beijing, but little is known about air pollution and health effects after the 2008 Beijing Olympics. We conduct a time-series analysis to evaluate associations between daily mortality (nonaccidental, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality) and the major air pollutants (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter less than 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter) in Beijing during the two years (2009∼2010) after the 2008 Beijing Olympics. We used generalized additive model to analyze relationship between daily mortality and air pollution. In single air pollutant model with two-day moving average concentrations of the air pollutants, increase in their interquartile range (IQR) associated with percent increase in nonaccidental mortality, 2.55 percent [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.99, 3.11] for CO, 2.54 percent (95% CI: 2.00, 3.08) for NO2 and 1.80 percent (95% CI: 1.21, 2.40) for PM10, respectively; increases in the IQR of air pollutant concentrations associated with percent increase in cardiovascular mortality, 2.88 percent (95% CI: 2.10,3.65) for CO, 2.63 percent (95% CI: 1.87, 3.39) for NO2 and 1.72 percent (95% CI: 0.88, 2.55) for PM10, respectively; and increase in IQR of air pollutant concentrations associated with respiratory mortality, 2.39 percent (95% CI: 0.68, 4.09) for CO, 1.79 percent (95% CI: 0.11, 3.47) for NO2 and 2.07 percent (95% CI: 0.21, 3.92) for PM10, respectively. We used the principal component analysis to avoid collinearity of varied air pollutants. In addition, the association stratified by sex and age was also examined. Ambient air pollution remained a significant contributor to nonaccidental and cardiopulmonary mortalities in Beijing during 2009∼2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Runkui Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhenglai Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medicine Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Acute and subacute effects of urban air pollution on cardiopulmonary emergencies and mortality: time series studies in Austrian cities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:4728-51. [PMID: 24157504 PMCID: PMC3823330 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10104728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Daily pollution data (collected in Graz over 16 years and in the Linz over 18 years) were used for time series studies (GAM and case-crossover) on the relationship with daily mortality (overall and specific causes of death). Diagnoses of patients who had been transported to hospitals in Linz were also available on a daily basis from eight years for time series analyses of cardiopulmonary emergencies. Increases in air pollutant levels over several days were followed by increases in mortality and the observed effects increased with the length of the exposure window considered, up to a maximum of 15 days. These mortality changes in Graz and Linz showed similar patterns like the ones found before in Vienna. A significant association of mortality could be demonstrated with NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 even in summer, when concentrations are lower and mainly related to motor traffic. Cardiorespiratory ambulance transports increased with NO2/PM2.5/PM10 by 2.0/6.1/1.7% per 10 µg/m3 on the same day. Monitoring of NO2 (related to motor traffic) and fine particulates at urban background stations predicts acute effects on cardiopulmonary emergencies and extended effects on cardiopulmonary mortality. Both components of urban air pollution are indicators of acute cardiopulmonary health risks, which need to be monitored and reduced, even below current standards.
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Xu X, Hu H, Kearney GD, Kan H, Sheps DS. Studying the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on peripheral arterial disease in the United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 461-462:341-7. [PMID: 23747551 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a group of prevalent pollutants which are produced by incomplete combustion of organic materials such as coal, fuel, tobacco smoking and food cooking. The associations between exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) have not been well studied. METHODS We used the 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to investigate the associations between eight monohydroxy urinary metabolites of four PAHs and PAD. RESULTS In a logistic regression model, subjects within the middle and highest tertiles of fluorene metabolites, 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-FLUO) and 3-hydroxyfluorene (3-FLUO), and phenanthrene metabolites, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (1-PHEN) and 2-hydroxyphenanthrene (2-PHEN), had significantly higher prevalence of PAD as compared to subjects within the lowest tertile after adjusting for cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus and other covariates (For 2-FLUO, the 3rd tertile: OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.13-4.37, p for trend=0.02; For 3-FLUO, the 3rd tertile: OR=2.36, 95% CI: 1.16-4.77, p for trend=0.02; For 1-PHEN, the 3rd tertile: OR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.01-3.37, p for trend=0.04; For 2-PHEN, the 3rd tertile: OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.07-2.88, p for trend=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that exposure to PAHs may increase the risk of PAD. Further studies are necessary to explore the associations between PAHs and PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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Zheng S, Wang M, Wang S, Tao Y, Shang K. Short-term effects of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter on daily hospital admissions for cardio-cerebrovascular disease in Lanzhou: evidence from a heavily polluted city in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:462-77. [PMID: 23358231 PMCID: PMC3635155 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10020462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Panel studies show a consistent association between increase in the cardiovascular hospitalizations with air pollutants in economically developed regions, but little evidence in less developed inland areas. In this study, a time-series analysis was used to examine the specific effects of major air pollutants [particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxides (NO2)] on daily hospital admissions for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in Lanzhou, a heavily polluted city in China. We examined the effects of air pollutants for stratified groups by age and gender, and conducted the modifying effect of seasons on air pollutants to test the possible interaction. The significant associations were found between PM10, SO2 and NO2 and cardiac disease admissions, SO2 and NO2 were found to be associated with the cerebrovascular disease admissions. The elderly was associated more strongly with gaseous pollutants than younger. The modifying effect of seasons on air pollutants also existed. The significant effect of gaseous pollutants (SO2 and NO2) was found on daily hospital admissions even after adjustment for other pollutants except for SO2 on cardiac diseases. In a word, this study provides the evidence for the detrimental short-term health effects of urban gaseous pollutants on cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in Lanzhou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zheng
- College of Atmospheric Science, Center for Meteorological Environment and Human Health, Lanzhou University, the Gansu key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster, Lanzhou 730000, China; E-Mails: (S.Z.); (M.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Minzhen Wang
- College of Atmospheric Science, Center for Meteorological Environment and Human Health, Lanzhou University, the Gansu key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster, Lanzhou 730000, China; E-Mails: (S.Z.); (M.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Shigong Wang
- College of Atmospheric Science, Center for Meteorological Environment and Human Health, Lanzhou University, the Gansu key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster, Lanzhou 730000, China; E-Mails: (S.Z.); (M.W.); (K.S.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +86-0931-8915-728
| | - Yan Tao
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; E-Mail:
| | - Kezheng Shang
- College of Atmospheric Science, Center for Meteorological Environment and Human Health, Lanzhou University, the Gansu key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster, Lanzhou 730000, China; E-Mails: (S.Z.); (M.W.); (K.S.)
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Zhang Y, Guo Y, Li G, Zhou J, Jin X, Wang W, Pan X. The spatial characteristics of ambient particulate matter and daily mortality in the urban area of Beijing, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 435-436:14-20. [PMID: 22846759 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Few epidemiological studies have reported the spatial characteristics of the association between particulate matter <10μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(10)) and mortality in China. This study explored the spatial characteristics of the association between ambient PM(10) and mortality in the urban area of Beijing, China. We collected daily data on air pollution, weather conditions and mortality in the eight urban districts of Beijing from Jan. 1st 2008 to Dec. 31st 2009. A Poisson Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was used to examine the district-specific effects of PM(10) on cause-specific mortality. A Poisson Generalized Additive Mixed Model (GAMM) was used to examine the urban-wide association between PM(10) and cause-specific mortality while controlling for the random effects of districts, compared with GAM which did not control for the random effects of districts. The inter-quartile ranges (IQRs) of annual PM(10) ranged from 83.5 μg/m(3) (Chaoyang district) to 96.0 μg/m(3) (Shijingshan district). A 96.0 μg/m(3) increase of PM(10) was associated with a 7.52% (95%CI: 1.78%-13.56%) increase of cardiovascular mortality in Shijingshan district while an 87.0 μg/m(3) increase of PM(10) was associated with a 7.68% (95%CI: 0.08%-15.86%) increase of respiratory deaths in Dongcheng district. The urban-wide effects derived from GAMM showed that an 88.0 μg/m(3) increase of PM(10) was associated with an increase of 1.30% (95%CI: 0.45%-2.16%), 2.60% (95%CI: 0.14%-5.11%) in non-accidental and respiratory mortality, illustrating, higher results than those from the GAM. In conclusion, there is spatial variation in ambient PM(10) concentration as well as in the effects of PM(10) on cause-specific mortality in the urban area of Beijing. Additionally, GAMM model may be more effective in estimating the spatial association between urban-wide PM(10) and cause-specific mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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