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Choudhury A, Shahsavar Y. Exploring the determinants influencing suicidal ideation and depression in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18236. [PMID: 37880295 PMCID: PMC10600149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown a heightened prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation among patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer (GIC). GIC patients are at a 1.5- to threefold increased risk of suicide and depression compared to other cancer patients. This study investigates the interplay of internet use, family burden, and emotional support on mental health (depression) and suicidal ideation among patients with GIC. The study involves 202 respondents of which 78 were undergoing GIC treatment during this study. Using structural equation modeling, our findings indicate a substantial negative correlation between mental health and suicidal ideation. Overall, suicidal ideation (median score) was noticeably lower in patient who completed their treatment with noticeable individuals with exceptionally high SI even after completing the treatment. Notably, participants who had completed their treatment demonstrated a significantly stronger correlation between emotional support and mental health compared to those who were still undergoing treatment. Age was found to moderate the mental health-suicidal ideation link significantly. Internet usage for health-related information was also inversely correlated with mental health (directly) and suicidal ideation (indirectly). We noted that the influence of emotional support on mental health was significantly higher among individuals who completed their treatment compared to those who were undergoing their GIC treatment. Family burden emerged as significant negative influences on mental health, while emotional support positively impacted mental health. The findings of this study contribute towards a deeper understanding of suicide risk factors in GIC patients, potentially shaping more effective preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Choudhury
- Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, 1306 Evansdale Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - Yeganeh Shahsavar
- Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, 1306 Evansdale Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
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Jin MK, Wang XY, Wang RX, Cheng SY, Yang SY, Zhang SL, Lv SB. A systematic review and meta-analysis of factors related to non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115329. [PMID: 37437488 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past several decades the prevalence of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been rising steadily. Understanding the factors associated with NSSI is a critical public health concern. The current study aims to explore the critical factors related to NSSI among Chinese adolescents. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted to identify the studies meeting our eligibility criteria (published until June 2022) in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Springer Link, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang data. The meta-package of R language was used to perform a meta-analysis to compute the pooled effect (r). RESULTS A total of 59 studies were included in this analysis, with a sample size of 192,546. Twenty-four democratic, personal, and social factors were examined in current study. The pooled effect value (r) has revealed that 23 factors are associated with NSSI behaviors among Chinese adolescents. The factor, Internet addiction, has demonstrated the greatest association with NSSI compared to other factors. CONCLUSION Consistent with previous studies on adolescent NSSI, findings have demonstrated that a number of demographic, personal, and social factors significantly contribute to NSSI behaviors among Chinese adolescents. Future research on prevention and intervention for adolescent NSSI may benefit from targeting these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ke Jin
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, Tangshan Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tangshan Basic Innovation Team for Brain and Cognitive Function Research, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan 063210, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Library, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, PR China
| | - Rui-Xin Wang
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, Tangshan Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tangshan Basic Innovation Team for Brain and Cognitive Function Research, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan 063210, PR China
| | - Shu-Ying Cheng
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, Tangshan Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tangshan Basic Innovation Team for Brain and Cognitive Function Research, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan 063210, PR China
| | - Shi-Ying Yang
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, Tangshan Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tangshan Basic Innovation Team for Brain and Cognitive Function Research, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan 063210, PR China
| | - Shi-Lei Zhang
- Hui Hua College of Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Shao-Bo Lv
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, Tangshan Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tangshan Basic Innovation Team for Brain and Cognitive Function Research, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan 063210, PR China.
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Le Jeannic A, Turmaine K, Gandré C, Vinet MA, Michel M, Chevreul K. Defining the Characteristics of an e-Health Tool for Suicide Primary Prevention in the General Population: The StopBlues Case in France. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6096. [PMID: 37372683 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
With over one million deaths per year in the world, suicide is a major public health problem that could be significantly reduced by effective prevention programs. E-health tools are of particular interest for primary prevention as they can address a broad population including people unaware of their own risk and provide information and help without the fear of stigma. Our main objective was to define the overall characteristics of an e-health tool for suicide primary prevention in the French general population by defining the characteristics of the IT features; the content of the information delivered; the best way to structure it; and how it should be relayed and by whom. The research was carried out through a literature review and a co-construction phase with stakeholders. Four types of strategies may guide the construction of e-health tools for suicide primary prevention: education and awareness, (self-)screening, accessing support, and mental health coping. They should be accessible on different devices to reach the most users, and language and content should be adapted to the target population and to the issue being addressed. Finally, the tool should be consistent with ethical and quality best practices. The e-health tool StopBlues was developed following those recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Le Jeannic
- ECEVE, UMR 1123, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, 75010 Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique en Économie de la Santé (URC Eco), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 1 Place du Parvis Notre-Dame, 75004 Paris, France
| | | | - Coralie Gandré
- ECEVE, UMR 1123, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Amélie Vinet
- ECEVE, UMR 1123, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, 75010 Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique en Économie de la Santé (URC Eco), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 1 Place du Parvis Notre-Dame, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Morgane Michel
- ECEVE, UMR 1123, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, 75010 Paris, France
- Unité D'épidémiologie Clinique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Karine Chevreul
- ECEVE, UMR 1123, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, 75010 Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique en Économie de la Santé (URC Eco), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 1 Place du Parvis Notre-Dame, 75004 Paris, France
- Unité D'épidémiologie Clinique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
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Cai H, Zhao YJ, He F, Li SY, Li ZL, Zhang WY, Zhang Y, Cheung T, Ng CH, Sha S, Xiang YT. Internet addiction and residual depressive symptoms among clinically stable adolescents with major psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: a network analysis perspective. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:186. [PMID: 37270593 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the inter-relationships between residual depressive symptoms (RDS) and Internet addiction (IA) using network analysis among clinically stable adolescents with major psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. RDS and IA were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), respectively. Central symptoms and bridge symptoms in the network model were examined. A total of 1,454 adolescents met the study criteria and were included in the analyses. The prevalence of IA was 31.2% (95% CI: 28.8%-33.6%). In the network analysis, the nodes IAT15 ("Preoccupation with the Internet"), PHQ2 ("Sad mood"), and PHQ1 ("Anhedonia") were the most central symptoms in the IA-RDS network model. Bridge symptoms included IAT10 ("Sooth disturbing about your Internet use"), PHQ9 ("Suicide ideation"), and IAT3 ("Prefer the excitement online to the time with others"). Additionally, PHQ2 ("Sad mood") was the main node linking "Anhedonia" to other IA clusters. Internet addiction was common among clinically stable adolescents with major psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Core and bridge symptoms identified in this study could be prioritized as targets for the prevention and treatment of IA in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cai
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yan-Jie Zhao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Fan He
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Ying Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zong-Lei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Wu-Yang Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Development and Behavior, The third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sha Sha
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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Chan SY, Ch’ng CK. TOPSIS for Analyzing the Risk Factors of Suicidal Ideation Among University Students in Malaysia. PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.47836/pjst.31.2.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Globally, suicide is a major public health issue. Suicide is the first or second reason for death among college and university students. The suicide rate among university students is relatively high in Malaysia. Numerous risk factors exacerbate suicidal ideation. Therefore, it is critical to gain as much insight as possible into the risk factors for suicidal ideation among university students and prioritize them based on the importance level. Therefore, students with a high risk for suicide can be identified, and earlier precautions can be taken to assist the students. In this paper, 18 determinants of suicidal ideation were discovered through the systematic literature review, and these factors were then ranked according to the seriousness using the TOPSIS method. The results showed that previous suicide attempts, mental disorders, and negative life events were the most influential factors leading to suicide. In contrast, gender and the residential area had the least impact. The result enables the government, relevant stakeholders, and policymakers to develop comprehensive multisectoral strategies that can prevent suicide effectively.
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Malaeb D, Loch AA, Farah N, Stambouli M, Cheour M, Obeid S, Hallit S. Problematic Smartphone Use Mediates the Pathway from Suicidal Ideation to Positive Psychotic Experiences: a Large Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023:1-18. [PMID: 36820017 PMCID: PMC9930705 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study followed the newly hypothesized "suicidal drive for psychosis" suggesting that psychosis may be consequential to suicidal ideation (SI) and behavior and attempted to explain parts of the pathway between these variables. To this end, we aimed to test whether problematic smartphone use (PSU) has an indirect mediating effect in the cross-sectional relationship between SI and positive psychotic experiences (PEs). Lebanese community young adults (N=4158; 64.4% females; mean age 21.91±3.79) have been invited to participate to a cross-sectional, web-based study in the period from June to September 2022. After adjusting for potential confounders (i.e., the living situation, marital status, household crowding index, economic pressure, cannabis use, other drugs use, and past history of mental illness other than psychosis), we found that higher levels of suicidal ideation was significantly associated with greater PSU, which was also positively and significantly associated with more positive PEs. Finally, greater suicidal ideation was significantly and directly associated with more positive PEs. Our findings suggest that SPU may be regarded as a potential target for prevention and intervention in psychosis. Clinicians, educators, and school administrators ought to give greater attention to PSU among vulnerable young people who present with SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry “Ibn Omrane”, Razi Hospital, 2010 Manouba, Tunisia
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alexandre Andrade Loch
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM 27), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nour Farah
- Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Manel Stambouli
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry “Ibn Omrane”, Razi Hospital, 2010 Manouba, Tunisia
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Majda Cheour
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry “Ibn Omrane”, Razi Hospital, 2010 Manouba, Tunisia
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Obeid
- School of Arts and Sciences, Social and Education Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478 Saudi Arabia
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
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Gonçalves AF, Avanci JQ, Njaine K. ["Razors always speak louder": the topic of self-harm in online communities]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2023; 39:e00197122. [PMID: 37132721 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xpt197122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to understand how Brazilian online communities portray the topic of self-harm, discussing its particularities, the narratives produced, the interactions established, and the purpose of the digital space. It was based on qualitative research in the digital environment from the silent observation of Facebook online communities, which were selected considering the number of participants and their interaction. The observation followed a previous script and posts were recorded by screenshots. Publications were organized in the following categories: characterization and functioning of the community; self-directed violence (self-harm and suicide); motivations for the act; strategies to prevent the act; and loving experience. Results showed that the communities were positively guided and defended self-harm without any regulation, which guaranteed the free expression of their participants and detailed reports describing the methods and objects used, the level of efficiency, and how to hide the wounds. Although participants shared the fear of being discovered, they published images of their own scars and wounds, materializing discourses of suffering on the Internet and glamorizing the cuts, the feeling of pleasure, and the sense of belonging, since they are also identity marks. Our findings show that young people who harm themselves share their suffering experiences with other young people without the mediation of a professional, therefore, considering its possible effects on mental health is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joviana Quintes Avanci
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Kathie Njaine
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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[Asthma and suicidal behavior in adolescents: a literature review]. Rev Mal Respir 2022; 39:344-366. [PMID: 35459587 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescence is a difficult time in life and asthma has major psychological consequences for adolescents. OBJECTIVES This systematic literature review focused on the association between asthma and suicidal behaviors (suicidal ideations [SI], suicide plans [SP] and suicide attempts [SA]) among adolescents in the general population. METHOD Research on Medline for the 1980-2021 period. Objectives This systematic literature review focused on the association between asthma and suicidal behaviors (suicidal ideations [SI], suicide plans [SP] and suicide attempts [SA]) among adolescents in the general population. RESULTS An overwhelming majority of the studies taken into consideration demonstrated a significant positive association between asthma and suicidal behaviors. Among the 10 studies assessing SI (with or without SP), 9 of them found a significant positive association between asthma and SI. Eight studies assessed SA; five cross-sectional studies and one prospective study demonstrated a significant positive association between asthma and SA. Only one case-control study did not find a significant positive association between asthma and SA after hospitalization for asthma. The two cross-sectional studies assessing suicidal risk taken as a whole (SI, SP and SA) demonstrated a significant positive association between asthma and at least one suicidal behavior. (OR=1.71; P<0.001). However, several studies did not include depression as an adjustment factor. CONCLUSION It is important that healthcare professionals assess suicide risk in adolescent suffering from asthma, the objective being to avoid SA or death from SA.
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Tusiewicz K, Wachełko O, Zawadzki M, Chłopaś-Konowałek A, Jurek T, Kawecki J, Szpot P. The dark side of social media: Two deaths related with chloroform intoxication. J Forensic Sci 2022; 67:1300-1307. [PMID: 34994396 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A suicide pact is an agreement between people to commit suicide together, which usually takes place at the same time, in the same place, by using the same method. Social media serve as a way of communication between people. Thus, they use such platforms to find potential suicide pact partners. Chloroform, although being regarded to as a slightly forgotten poison, is still linked to homicide and suicide cases. Death due to an acute chloroform ingestion may be a result of central nervous system depression. In this paper, we present application of headspace gas chromatographic method using a dual column/dual flame ionization detector (HS-GC-FID/FID) for the determination of chloroform in two fatal intoxication cases, as well as chloroform stability study. Analysis of biological samples revealed chloroform concentrations of 135.8, 16.1, 8.1, and 37.1 µg/ml in blood, urine, vitreous humor, and bile, respectively. Kidney, liver, and muscle specimens contained 119.5, 99.6, and 28.4 µg/g of chloroform, respectively. The results of stability studies indicate the highest decrease of chloroform in room temperature, so it is advised to store samples in a freezer. The addition of sodium fluoride is recommended as in blood samples collected to the test tubes without any preservative agent, the detection of chloroform after 91 days is almost impossible. It is important to emphasize that even old poisons can cause a lot of concerns today, as here described cases are linked to chloroform intoxication, as well as with possible danger which social media bring about nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcin Zawadzki
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Jurek
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kawecki
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Szpot
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Chen W, Boggero A, Del Puente G, Olcese M, Prestia D, Jahrami H, Chalghaf N, Guelmami N, Azaiez F, Bragazzi NL. Googling for Suicide-Content and Quality Analysis of Suicide-Related Websites: Thematic Analysis. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e29146. [PMID: 34689118 PMCID: PMC8663606 DOI: 10.2196/29146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide represents a public health concern, imposing a dramatic burden. Prosuicide websites are “virtual pathways” facilitating a rise in suicidal behaviors, especially among socially isolated, susceptible individuals. Objective The aim of this study is to characterize suicide-related webpages in the Italian language. Methods The first 5 most commonly used search engines in Italy (ie, Bing, Virgilio, Yahoo, Google, and Libero) were mined using the term “suicidio” (Italian for suicide). For each search, the first 100 webpages were considered. Websites resulting from each search were collected and duplicates deleted so that unique webpages could be analyzed and rated with the HONcode instrument Results A total of 65 webpages were included: 12.5% (8/64) were antisuicide and 6.3% (4/64) explicitly prosuicide. The majority of the included websites had a mixed or neutral attitude toward suicide (52/64, 81.2%) and had informative content and purpose (39/64, 60.9%). Most webpages targeted adolescents as an age group (38/64, 59.4%), contained a reference to other psychiatric disorders or comorbidities (42/64, 65.6%), included medical/professional supervision or guidance (45/64, 70.3%), lacked figures or pictures related to suicide (41/64, 64.1%), and did not contain any access restraint (62/64, 96.9%). The major shortcoming to this study is the small sample size of webpages analyzed and the search limited to the keyword “suicide.” Conclusions Specialized mental health professionals should try to improve their presence online by providing high-quality material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Andrea Boggero
- Department of Educational Science, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Del Puente
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Olcese
- Department of Educational Science, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Davide Prestia
- Department of Psychiatry, Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.,Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Nasr Chalghaf
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Noomen Guelmami
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Fairouz Azaiez
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Dreier M, Baumgardt J, Bock T, Härter M, Liebherz S. Development of an online suicide prevention program involving people with lived experience: ideas and challenges. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2021; 7:60. [PMID: 34496972 PMCID: PMC8424946 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-021-00307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fear of stigmatization, self-stigmatization, and insufficient information can lead to secrecy, reduced help-seeking, lower self-esteem, and lower self-efficacy among people affected by suicidality or suicide. Therefore, we developed an online suicide prevention program aiming to improve knowledge about suicidality and suicide stigma. METHODS Inspired by the Australian program The Ripple Effect, a German team comprising people with lived experience of suicide, researchers, and clinicians was established for developing an online suicide prevention program. Therefore, we oriented on guidelines for evidence-based health information, for reporting on suicide, and on dealing with suicidality. The lived experience team discussed and developed concept, structure, and content of the program. This manuscript presents summaries of protocols from 16 team meetings and 3 written text reviews to outline the program development process. A summative evaluation 3 years after program development began was qualitatively analyzed based on thematic analysis. RESULTS Between 2018 und 2021, the lived experience team (n = 10) discussed possibilities of support in suicidal crises, attitudes towards suicide, content, and design of the online program. In a structured process, six members of the lived experience team reviewed the content. Eight persons shared their lived experience of suicide in video reports by focusing on constructive ways of dealing with suicidality or a loss by suicide, conveying hope and encouraging people to continue living. Team members recommended greater public and patient involvement from the application stage, as well as more financial and personnel resources. CONCLUSIONS Through contributions to discussions and text reviews, the lived experience team shaped decisions in the program development process. While involving persons with lived experiences of suicide, it is important to consider that suicidality is 1. emotionally challenging, 2. a stigmatized issue, and 3. that the aspect of safety must be a priority. A distinction must be made between the duty of care based on actual risk and inappropriate overprotection. Hereby, transparency, autonomy, and a clear structure appeared to be helpful. For further research, we recommend a structured formative review process of the development of the program. Additionally, we recommend discussing the purpose and the specific design of the evaluation with a lived experience team in advance. Trial registration German Clinical Trial RegisterDRKS00015071 on August 6, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Dreier
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Johanna Baumgardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Vivantes Hospital Am Urban and Vivantes Hospital Im Friedrichshain, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Bock
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Härter
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Liebherz
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Wong K, Chan CS, Chan M, Wong C, Cheng Q, Xiong C, Yip P. Who seeks help online? Comparing online and offline help-seeking preferences amongst youths with suicidal ideation. J Affect Disord 2021; 292:21-29. [PMID: 34087633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research consistently report an inverse relationship between suicide risk and help-seeking. The increasingly available internet-based support potentially offers an attractive alternative to traditional forms of assistance. The study compared the characteristics of suicidal youths in Hong Kong and their online and offline help-seeking behaviours. METHODS Participants (N = 1214, age-range = 15-24 years) responded to the anonymous 2018 Hong Kong Online Survey on Youth Mental Health and Internet Usage. Respondents with suicidal thoughts were classified into those who sought help online and offline, or online only ("online-help"); those who sought help offline only ("offline-help"); and those who never sought help ("no-help"). They responded to questions concerning mental health, perception towards online support, internet use, help sources, and demographic information. RESULTS The online-help group differed significantly from other groups, with greater suicidal ideation, distress, risk behaviours, and spent more time online for non-work-related purposes. Their perceived benefits of online support include anonymity, avoiding embarrassment, and social support. They are more likely to seek help from a combination of informal and formal sources. LIMITATIONS No data on whether participants sought help online or offline first, and their current treatment status is available. Our study adopted conveniences sampling, and few respondents have sought help online exclusively. CONCLUSION Online support offers an alternate way of engaging at-risk youths. Future clinical practice should consider online platforms as a complement, rather than a replacement, of offline platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Wong
- The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Christian S Chan
- The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Milton Chan
- The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Clifford Wong
- The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qijin Cheng
- The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cynthia Xiong
- The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Paul Yip
- The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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13
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Wasserman D, Carli V, Iosue M, Javed A, Herrman H. Suicide prevention in childhood and adolescence: a narrative review of current knowledge on risk and protective factors and effectiveness of interventions. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2021; 13:e12452. [PMID: 33646646 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide is a global mental health problem for people of all ages. While rates of suicide in children and adolescents are reported as lower than those in older populations worldwide, they represent the third leading cause of death in 15-19-year-olds. The rates are higher among boys than girls worldwide, though the death rates for girls exceed those for boys in Bangladesh, China, India, and Nepal. There has been a general decrease in adolescent suicide rates over recent decades. However, increases are reported in South East Asia as well as South America over the same time period. METHODS A narrative review method has been used to summarize current knowledge about risk and protective factors for suicide among children and adolescents and to discuss evidence-based strategy for suicide prevention in this age group. RESULTS Identified suicide risk and protective factors for children and adolescents largely overlap with those for adults. Nevertheless, developmental characteristics may strengthen the impact of some factors, such as decision-making style, coping strategies, family and peer relationships, and victimization. The implementation of evidence-based suicide preventive strategies is needed. Restricting access to lethal means, school-based awareness and skill training programs, and interventions delivered in clinical and community settings have been proven effective. The effectiveness of gatekeeper training and screening programs in reducing suicidal ideation and behavior is unproven but widely examined in selected settings. DISCUSSION Since most studies have been conducted in western countries, future research should assess the effectiveness of these promising strategies in different cultural contexts. The use of more rigorous study designs, the use of both short- and long-term follow-up evaluations, the larger inclusion of individuals belonging to vulnerable groups, the evaluation of online intervention, and the analysis of programs' cost-effectiveness are also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Wasserman
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Section on Suicidology, World Psychiatric Association (WPA), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Carli
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Section on Suicidology, World Psychiatric Association (WPA), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Iosue
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Section on Suicidology, World Psychiatric Association (WPA), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Afzal Javed
- Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Helen Herrman
- Orygen and Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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14
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Nesi J, Burke TA, Bettis AH, Kudinova AY, Thompson EC, MacPherson HA, Fox KA, Lawrence HR, Thomas SA, Wolff JC, Altemus MK, Soriano S, Liu RT. Social media use and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 87:102038. [PMID: 34034038 PMCID: PMC8243901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable public and scholarly debate about the role of social media in self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs), no comprehensive, quantitative synthesis of this literature has previously been undertaken. The current systematic review and meta-analysis examines associations between social media use and SITBs, including suicidal ideation, suicide plans, suicide attempts, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). A range of social media behaviors and experiences were identified, including cybervictimization and perpetration, exposure to and generation of SITB-related content, problematic use, sexting, social media importance, and frequency of use. A systematic search of PsycINFO, Medline, CINAHL, and the references of prior reviews yielded 61 eligible studies. Results largely suggested medium effect sizes for associations between specific social media constructs (cybervictimization, SITB-related social media use, problematic social media use) and SITBs. There was no association between frequency of social media use and SITBs; however, studies on this topic were limited. The majority of studies identified focused on cybervictimization, and results suggested positive associations with all SITBs, with the association between cybervictimization and suicidal ideation stronger for adolescents than adults. Overall, findings highlight the utility of examining specific social media behaviors and experiences, and point to the need for more research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Nesi
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States; Rhode Island Hospital, United States.
| | - Taylor A Burke
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States; Rhode Island Hospital, United States
| | | | - Anastacia Y Kudinova
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States; Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Thompson
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States; Rhode Island Hospital, United States
| | - Heather A MacPherson
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States; Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, United States
| | - Kara A Fox
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Hannah R Lawrence
- McLean Hospital, United States; Havard Medical School, United States
| | - Sarah A Thomas
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States; Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, United States
| | - Jennifer C Wolff
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States; Rhode Island Hospital, United States
| | | | - Sheiry Soriano
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States
| | - Richard T Liu
- Havard Medical School, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
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15
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Acquisition and Interpretation of Digital Information in Forensic Assessments. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2021; 29:234-239. [PMID: 33660624 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the now ubiquitous presence of technology in everyday life, there is little written on the subject of personal digital data as it pertains to forensic mental health evaluations. Ethical concerns and limited consensus guidance on this issue have previously made it challenging to use this information in a responsible way. This Perspectives article elaborates on the different types of personal data that exist and the practical aspects of acquiring such information, including data location and legal considerations. Incorporation of personal digital information into the forensic assessment as a form of collateral information is discussed, along with the current state of the literature on technology use and its relationship to psychopathology and risk. Given the important role of technology in the life of the modern individual, deeper research into this topic will be necessary in the immediate future to establish practice standards for the safe and ethical use of digital information in both forensic and non-forensic mental health assessments.
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16
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Arrivillaga C, Rey L, Extremera N. Adolescents’ problematic internet and smartphone use is related to suicide ideation: Does emotional intelligence make a difference? COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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V. Dvoryanchikov N, B. Bovina I, V. Delibalt V, G. Dozortseva E, V. Bogdanovich N, . Rubtsova OV. Deviant online behavior in adolescent and youth circles: In search of a risk assessment model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE RESEARCH IN SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND EDUCATION 2020. [DOI: 10.5937/ijcrsee2002105d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The authors made an attempt to describe the problem of developing the concept of risk assessment of deviant online behavior of minors and young adults in social networks. The article looks into the psychological consequences of banalizing of the internet, analysis possibilities for offline and online behavior. Approaches for risk factors assessment of deviant behavior in real life are described: the qualitative (clinical), statistical (actuarial) and structured. The article systemizes the studies of risk factors, vulnerability, and deviant patterns in the context of phenomena such as aggressive, asocial, auto-aggressive, self-mutilating, suicidal, risk-taking and victim online behavior. Approaches and models of online deviant behavior are discussed; an attempt is made to build a structured model of risk assessment of deviant patterns of online behavior in the context of the cultural historical concept. On the basis of theoretical analysis, a hypothetical set of group, interindividual and intraindividual constructs is formulated, the combination of online and offline risk factors produces a model for risk assessment of deviant behavior. The article is written as part of the research project “Developing the profiling model of online behavior of minors and young adults in social networks” which was initiated by the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inna B. Bovina
- Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Varvara V. Delibalt
- Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena G. Dozortseva
- Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Olga V . Rubtsova
- Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
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18
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Aref-Adib G, Landy G, Eskinazi M, Sommerlad A, Morant N, Johnson S, Graham R, Osborn D, Pitman A. Assessing Digital Risk in Psychiatric Patients: Mixed Methods Study of Psychiatry Trainees' Experiences, Views, and Understanding. JMIR Ment Health 2020; 7:e19008. [PMID: 32726288 PMCID: PMC7424482 DOI: 10.2196/19008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of digital technology can help people access information and provide support for their mental health problems, but it can also expose them to risk, such as bullying or prosuicide websites. It may be important to consider internet-related risk behavior (digital risk) within a generic psychiatric risk assessment, but no studies have explored the practice or acceptability of this among psychiatrists. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore psychiatry trainees' experiences, views, and understanding of digital risk in psychiatry. We predicted that clinician awareness would be highest among trainees who work in child and adolescent mental health services. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of psychiatry trainees attending a UK regional trainees' conference to investigate how they routinely assess patients' internet use and related risk of harm and their experience and confidence in assessing these risks. We conducted focus groups to further explore trainees' understandings and experiences of digital risk assessment. Descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests were used to present the quantitative data. A thematic analysis was used to identify the key themes in the qualitative data set. RESULTS The cross-sectional survey was completed by 113 out of 312 psychiatry trainees (response rate 36.2%), from a range of subspecialties and experience levels. Half of the trainees (57/113, 50.4%) reported treating patients exposed to digital risk, particularly trainees subspecializing in child and adolescent psychiatry (17/22, 77% vs 40/91, 44%;P=.02). However, 67.3% (76/113) reported not feeling competent to assess digital risk. Child and adolescent psychiatrists were more likely than others to ask patients routinely about specific digital risk domains, including reckless web-based behavior (18/20, 90% vs 54/82, 66%; P=.03), prosuicide websites (20/21, 95% vs 57/81, 70%; P=.01), and online sexual behavior (17/21, 81% vs 44/81, 54%; P=.02). Although 84.1% (95/113) of the participants reported using a proforma to record general risk assessment, only 5% (5/95) of these participants prompted an assessment of internet use. Only 9.7% (11/113) of the trainees had received digital risk training, and 73.5% (83/113) reported that they would value this. Our thematic analysis of transcripts from 3 focus groups (comprising 11 trainees) identified 2 main themes: barriers to assessment and management of digital risk, and the double-edged sword of web use. Barriers reported included the novelty and complexity of the internet, a lack of confidence and guidance in addressing internet use directly, and ongoing tension between assessment and privacy. CONCLUSIONS Although it is common for psychiatrists to encounter patients subject to digital risk, trainee psychiatrists lack competence and confidence in their assessment. Training in digital risk and the inclusion of prompts in standardized risk proformas would promote good clinical practice and prevent a potential blind spot in general risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnar Aref-Adib
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriella Landy
- The Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Eskinazi
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Sommerlad
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Morant
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Johnson
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Graham
- Good Thinking: the London Digital Mental Well-being Service Mental Health Programme, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Osborn
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Pitman
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Lung FW, Shu BC, Chiang TL, Lin SJ. Relationships between internet use, deliberate self-harm, and happiness in adolescents: A Taiwan birth cohort pilot study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235834. [PMID: 32649690 PMCID: PMC7351192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential risk of internet use on adolescents' self-harm is a major concern. Vulnerable adolescents who are susceptible to bullying are also susceptible to the negative influence of the internet. In this study, the pathway associations were investigated between the risk factors of deliberate self-harm, experience of being bullied, internet use, and protective factors of maternal monitoring on perceived happiness of 12- and 13-year-old adolescents in the Taiwan Birth Cohort Pilot Study dataset (n = 1,457). The Chinese Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was used to measure the adolescents' self-perceived levels of happiness, in two dimensions of social adaptation status and psychological well-being. Our results show that 354 (24.3%) of the 12-year-olds reported having been bullied, and 289 (19.8%) of the 13-year-olds reported this. Seventy-nine (5.4%) of 13-year-olds reported deliberate self-harm in the past year. Results of a structural equation model showed that those who had been bullied at age 12 years were at greater risk of deliberate self-harm at age 13 years. A negative association was found between duration of internet use and perceived level of happiness. Adolescents who spent >5 h online during days off school were at higher risk of deliberate self-harm, and perceived a lower level of happiness. Therefore, spending >5 h online during days off school could be used as an indicator in future preventive action programs to screen out those at a high risk of excessive internet use, deliberate self-harm, and psychological well-being and social adjustment issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- For-Wey Lung
- Calo Psychiatric Center, Pingtung County, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bih-Ching Shu
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Liang Chiang
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shio-Jean Lin
- Genetic Counseling Center, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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20
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Tang J, Ma Y, Lewis SP, Chen R, Clifford A, Ammerman BA, Gazimbi MM, Byrne A, Wu Y, Lu X, Chang H, Kang C, Tiemeier H, Yu Y. Association of Internet Addiction With Nonsuicidal Self-injury Among Adolescents in China. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e206863. [PMID: 32496567 PMCID: PMC7273191 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.6863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Both nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), defined as the direct, deliberate damage of one's body tissue without suicidal intent, and internet addiction among adolescents are public health concerns. However, the possible association of NSSI with internet addiction is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To examine the occurrence of internet addiction with NSSI and any sex differences among Chinese adolescents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A multicenter, cross-sectional, survey study was conducted from February 18 to October 15, 2015, among adolescents aged 11 to 20 years from 343 classes in 45 public high schools across 5 provinces of China. Data analysis was performed from August 1, 2018, to March 1, 2019. EXPOSURES Possible internet addiction and internet addiction. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Less-frequent (1-4 times) NSSI and more-frequent (≥5 times) NSSI were surveyed using the Chinese version of the Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation. RESULTS A total of 15 623 students (8043 male [51.5%] and 7580 female [48.5%]) aged 11 to 20 years (mean [SD] age, 15.1 [1.8] years) participated. Of these, 4670 participants (29.9%) met the criteria for possible internet addiction and 509 participants (3.3%) met the criteria for internet addiction. A total of 2667 students (17.1%) engaged in less-frequent NSSI, while 1798 students (11.5%) engaged in more-frequent NSSI in the 12 months preceding the survey. Both possible internet addiction and internet addiction were associated with less-frequent or more-frequent NSSI. The adjusted odds ratios were 1.29 (95% CI, 1.17-1.42) for possible internet addiction and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.11-1.80) for internet addiction for less-frequent NSSI; for more-frequent NSSI, the adjusted odds ratios were 1.75 (95% CI, 1.56-1.96) for possible internet addiction and 2.66 (95% CI, 2.10-3.38) for internet addiction. These associations were similarly observed among age groups of 11 to 14, 15 to 17, and 18 to 20 years. No sex disparities were found in the associations of internet addiction with NSSI, except among adolescents aged 11 to 14 years, where the odds ratios for possible internet addiction with less-frequent NSSI were higher in male adolescents (1.53; 95% CI, 1.25-1.88) than female adolescents (1.13; 95% CI, 0.90-1.47). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Internet addiction appears to be associated with NSSI, and the findings of this study suggest that the association was similar between male adolescents and female adolescents. These data suggest that evaluation of the risk of NSSI for adolescents in association with internet addiction may help health care professionals in developing preventive interventions for NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Child Healthcare, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Stephen P. Lewis
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruoling Chen
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Clifford
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marufu Martin Gazimbi
- Global Development Institute, ALB, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Byrne
- School of Medicine, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Wu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Xinchuan Lu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hongjuan Chang
- Department of Maternal and Child Healthcare, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hankou District, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chun Kang
- Department of Maternal and Child Healthcare, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hankou District, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Centre–Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yizhen Yu
- Department of Maternal and Child Healthcare, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hankou District, Wuhan, P. R. China
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21
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Tran BX, Ha GH, Vu GT, Hoang CL, Nguyen SH, Nguyen CT, Latkin CA, Tam WWS, Ho CSH, Ho RCM. How have excessive electronics devices and Internet uses been concerned? Implications for global research agenda from a bibliometric analysis. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:469-482. [PMID: 32644936 PMCID: PMC8939418 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Excessive use of electronic devices has become a major global problem. However, little is known about the development and current landscape of research concerning this field. This study aimed at exploring the overall publication trend and topics of research on the overuse of electronic devices and the Internet from 1971 to 2017. METHODS We systematically searched the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases for published articles on the excessive use of electronic devices and the Internet. Data regarding the publication volume, international collaborations, and geographical locations were analyzed by bibliometrics analysis. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) was undertaken to categorize publications into different research topics. RESULTS A total of 2,276 papers from the WOS and 600 papers from the Scopus were included. We found a dramatic increase in the number of scientific papers towards addiction to electronic devices and the Internet. The United State led in all publication parameters including the total number of papers and total citations. China, Korea and Taiwan were among the most prolific countries/regions. Smartphone addiction was the main concern, and the relationship between the overuse of electronic devices and the Internet and mental health issues have been highlighted. On the other hand, our study found a limited appearance of discussion on effective treatment and intervention. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The findings of this study call for more national and international cooperation in evaluating and intervening addiction to electronic devices and the Internet to gather more knowledge about this phenomenon and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bach Xuan Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam,Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Corresponding author's. e-mail:
| | - Giang Hai Ha
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam,Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Giang Thu Vu
- Center of Excellence in Evidence-based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Chi Linh Hoang
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Son Hoang Nguyen
- Center of Excellence in Health Services and System Research, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Cuong Tat Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam,Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Carl. A. Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wilson WS Tam
- Center of Excellence in Evidence-based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam,Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cyrus S. H. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Roger C. M. Ho
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam,Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
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22
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Grover S, Shouan A. Cyberpsychiatric disorders: An overview of assessment and management. JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/0971-8990.309968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Villani D, Florio E, Sorgente A, Castelli I, Riva G, Marchetti A, Massaro D. Adolescents' Beliefs About Peers' Engagement in an Online Self-Harm Challenge: Exploring the Role of Individual Characteristics Through a Latent Class Analysis. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2019; 22:684-691. [PMID: 31697599 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2019.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade considerable attention has been devoted to the possible contribution of social media, and the Internet generally, to instigating adolescents' engagement in self-harm activities, which are considered the result of a combination of multidimensional variables, such as depression and anxiety. This study aimed to identify, using latent class analysis (LCA), classes homogeneous for adolescents' beliefs about peers' motivations in taking part in the recent Blue Whale Challenge Game, and to analyze the individual predictors (gender, mental health problems, self-harm and risk-taking behaviors, and problematic Internet use) of the adolescent's latent class membership. We performed an LCA using "perceived attraction" and "perceived constraint" as nominal indicators. Relative fit indices suggested the two class solution as the best measurement model: the first class was mostly composed of adolescents who attributed a central role to the adolescent (internal causality), while the second class mostly composed of adolescents who attributed a central role to the recruiters (external causality). In addition, we explored some individual characteristics to test whether they could predict adolescents' class membership. Results suggests that it is significantly more likely for adolescents with higher level of stress and risk-taking to attribute a central role to their peers' internal motivation, rather than to the recruiter, in deciding to take part in the online self-harm challenge game. Implications for preventive interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Florio
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Angela Sorgente
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Castelli
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Marchetti
- Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Massaro
- Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Ferreira RDS, Martin IDS, Zanetti ACG, Vedana KGG. [News coverage on suicides published in Brazilian news media channels]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 26:1565-1574. [PMID: 33886783 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232021264.12882019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed how news coverage about suicides is published in the Brazilian electronic media and evaluated if the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) were complied with in the online media. This quantitative, documentary and retrospective study investigated 89 published news items about suicide in 2017 in the Brazilian newspaper sites with the largest circulation. Descriptive statistics and tests of association were used for data analysis. The majority of news items contained neither content to be avoided nor aspects recommended by the WHO. The most frequent characteristics of the reported cases do not correspond directly to the epidemiological profile of suicidal behavior, but to media interests. Actions are needed to foster media involvement in suicide prevention, dissemination of resources and strategies to support and reduce stigma and the contagion effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata da Silva Ferreira
- Curso de Enfermagem, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP). R. Prof. Hélio Lourenço 3900, Vila Monte Alegre. 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto SP Brasil.
| | - Isabela Dos Santos Martin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem Psiquiátrica, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP. Ribeirão Preto SP Brasil
| | - Ana Carolina Guidorizzi Zanetti
- Departamento de Enfermagem Psiquiátrica e Ciências Humanas, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP. Ribeirão Preto SP Brasil
| | - Kelly Graziani Giacchero Vedana
- Departamento de Enfermagem Psiquiátrica e Ciências Humanas, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP. Ribeirão Preto SP Brasil
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Abstract
Analysis of autopsy cases of suicide from Forensic Science South Australia files (2003–2017) where helium, nitrogen or nitrous oxide gas had been used revealed that only 2/58 (3.5%) cases utilised nitrous oxide; the remainder of cases had used helium or nitrogen. The two cases are presented here. In case 1, a 48-year-old man was found completely encased in a plastic bag with a hose connected to an opened cylinder of nitrous oxide. In case 2, a 27-year-old woman was found with a plastic bag over her head, tied around her neck, with a tube connected to a small canister of nitrous oxide. There were approximately 20 empty canisters of nitrous oxide nearby. Death in both cases was due to nitrous oxide augmentation of plastic bag asphyxia, manner suicide. The relative ease with which helium and nitrogen cylinders containing large amounts of gas can be obtained may explain the low numbers of suicides utilising nitrous oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger W Byard
- 1 School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Karen Heath
- 2 Forensic Science South Australia, Australia
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26
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Rassy J, Mathieu L, Michaud C, Monday T, Raymond S, Bonin JP. La théorie de la noyade émotive virtuelle : une théorisation ancrée sur le processus de recherche d’aide d’adolescents à risque de suicide. SANTE MENTALE AU QUEBEC 2019. [DOI: 10.7202/1060274ar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
De plus en plus d’adolescents à risque de suicide se tournent vers les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) pour chercher de l’aide. Or, à ce jour, aucune étude n’a exploré le processus de recherche d’aide par les TIC chez des adolescents à risque de suicide. Afin de pallier cette situation, une étude par théorisation ancrée a été menée afin de comprendre le processus de recherche d’aide par les TIC des adolescents ayant un risque suicidaire pour trouver des ressources concernant le suicide. La collecte de données a été effectuée à partir d’entrevues individuelles semi-structurées, d’un questionnaire sur la recherche d’aide par les TIC et d’observations d’une recherche d’aide réelle via les TIC par les adolescents de l’étude. Un n de 15 adolescents âgés de 13 à 17 ans a été atteint par saturation théorique. Les résultats ont permis l’émergence de la théorie de la noyade émotive virtuelle. Cette théorie permet d’abord de mieux comprendre le contexte initial de cette recherche d’aide, soit l’état du jeune, l’environnement social, les facteurs aggravants ainsi que le désir d’utiliser les TIC. Elle permet aussi de comprendre les différentes stratégies par les TIC utilisées par les jeunes (se distraire, s’informer, se dévoiler et aider les autres) ainsi que les conséquences engendrées (la croissance émotive, l’obtention d’aide, le soulagement temporaire, aucun changement, l’exacerbation des idées suicidaires ou le passage à l’acte). Des recommandations pour la clinique, la formation et la recherche sont ensuite émises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rassy
- Infirmière, Ph. D., professeure à l’École des sciences infirmières de l’Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Canada
| | - Luc Mathieu
- Infirmier, D.B.A., professeur à l’École des sciences infirmières de l’Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Cécile Michaud
- Infirmière, Ph. D., professeure à l’École des sciences infirmières de l’Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Canada
| | - Tim Monday
- T.S., Clinique des troubles de l’humeur, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal
| | - Sylvie Raymond
- Infirmière, Clinique des troubles de l’humeur, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal
| | - Jean-Pierre Bonin
- Infirmier, Ph. D., professeur à la Faculté des sciences infirmières de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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27
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Suicide Screening and Behavioral Health Assessment in the Emergency Department. CLINICAL PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpem.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Lopez-Castroman J, Moulahi B, Azé J, Bringay S, Deninotti J, Guillaume S, Baca-Garcia E. Mining social networks to improve suicide prevention: A scoping review. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:616-625. [PMID: 30809836 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Attention about the risks of online social networks (SNs) has been called upon reports describing their use to express emotional distress and suicidal ideation or plans. On the Internet, cyberbullying, suicide pacts, Internet addiction, and "extreme" communities seem to increase suicidal behavior (SB). In this study, the scientific literature about SBs and SNs was narratively reviewed. Some authors focus on detecting at-risk populations through data mining, identification of risks factors, and web activity patterns. Others describe prevention practices on the Internet, such as websites, screening, and applications. Targeted interventions through SNs are also contemplated when suicidal ideation is present. Multiple predictive models should be defined, implemented, tested, and combined in order to deal with the risk of SB through an effective decision support system. This endeavor might require a reorganization of care for SNs users presenting suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lopez-Castroman
- INSERM U888, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France.,Department of Adult Psychiatry, CHRU Nimes, Nimes, France.,Departments of Psychiatry, Media and Internet, and Telecommunication and Networks, University of Montpellier UM, Montpellier, France
| | - Bilel Moulahi
- Departments of Psychiatry, Media and Internet, and Telecommunication and Networks, University of Montpellier UM, Montpellier, France.,LIRMM UMR 5506, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Azé
- Departments of Psychiatry, Media and Internet, and Telecommunication and Networks, University of Montpellier UM, Montpellier, France.,LIRMM UMR 5506, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandra Bringay
- Departments of Psychiatry, Media and Internet, and Telecommunication and Networks, University of Montpellier UM, Montpellier, France.,LIRMM UMR 5506, Montpellier, France.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Informatics, Paul-Valery University, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sebastien Guillaume
- INSERM U888, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France.,Departments of Psychiatry, Media and Internet, and Telecommunication and Networks, University of Montpellier UM, Montpellier, France.,Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post-Acute Care, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Enrique Baca-Garcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Villalba, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Infanta Elena, Valdemoro, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Madrid Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigacion en Salud Mental), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Catolica del Maule, Talca, Chile
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Abstract
Suicide pacts usually result in simultaneous deaths by mutual arrangement. While nitrogen and helium gas inhalation are being increasingly used in solitary suicide attempts, for some reason they have been rarely utilised in suicide pacts. A search of autopsy files at Forensic Science SA over a 15-year period (2003-2017) was undertaken to determine how often this method of joint suicide occurs. Only two cases were found. Case 1 comprised a 64-year-old husband and wife (who had a history of multiple sclerosis). They were found deceased in a vehicle with two empty cylinders of nitrogen gas. Case 2 comprised an 87-year-old man (who had a history of ischaemic heart disease) and his 81-year-old wife who were found deceased with plastic bags over their heads, with plastic tubes connecting the bags to opened cylinders of nitrogen. The deaths in all cases were due to nitrogen-induced asphyxiation, in the latter instance augmenting plastic-bag asphyxia. Although suicide pacts have previously usually involved carbon-monoxide toxicity or drug overdose, it is possible that dissemination of information on the use of inert gases in individual suicide attempts may alter the methods used in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger W Byard
- 1 School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Australia
- 2 Forensic Science SA, Australia
| | | | - Karen Heath
- 1 School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Australia
- 2 Forensic Science SA, Australia
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30
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Wu CY, Lee MB, Liao SC, Ko CH. A nationwide survey of the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of internet addictive disorders in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2019; 118:514-523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Abstract
CONTEXT The Internet contains both public content ("Surface Web"), and private content ("Deep Web") sometimes hosted on exclusive networks ("Darknets") only accessible using dedicated software such as TOR (The Onion Router). This software makes it almost impossible to identify its users. Information media have reported on suicide-related aspects of Darknets, for example when poisons that can be used to kill oneself are offered for sale (Le Garff et al., 2016) when users discuss ways to kill oneself in anonymous forums (Ferrara, 2016; Franceschi-Bicchierai, 2015) and suicides that follow bullying or "doxing" (online divulgation without consent of intimate personal information) (Bartlett, 2015). Several recent studies have analyzed the nature of suicide content on the Surface Web, but to date, there have been no systematic investigations of suicidal content available on Darknets. OBJECTIVES The object was to document the nature and accessibility of suicide-related information available on the TOR Darknet or via the TOR software. METHODS We replicated the methodology used by Biddle et al. (2008, 2016) in their studies of the Surface Web, using TOR on the Darknet. We identified and chose nine search engines used on the TOR Darknet: TORCH the TOR search engine, Notevil, Ahmia, Candle, Hidden Wiki, Darknet (onion.link), Duckduckgo and Grams. Two research assistants independently coded the first 30 results of searches using the keywords, "suicide" and "suicide methods". RESULTS There were 476 "hits" in the search for "suicide" and "suicide method" using TOR, with fewer sites dedicated to suicide (4%), compared to the Surface Web (23.1%) (Biddle et al., 2016). Over half of the sites proposed by the TOR search engines (252, 52.9%) were outdated, inaccessible or not containing content pertinent to suicide or suicide methods. Several of the TOR search engines provided access to forums ("chat boards") where suicide was a topic (70, 14.8%). These were usually pro-suicide, are blocked or filtered by most of the Surface Web engines (e.g. Google). DISCUSSION Persons concerned with suicide prevention should conduct further investigations of pro-suicide forums that are accessible using TOR and their users, comparing them with the Surface Web. New strategies to prevent suicide may need to be developed for Darknets.
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32
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Niederkrotenthaler T, Till B. Types of Stressors on Nonprofessional Against-Suicide and Pro-Suicide Message Boards. CRISIS 2018; 40:257-264. [PMID: 30474410 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Little is known about presenting problems of primary posters (i.e., posters opening the thread) and their responders in nonprofessional against-suicide and pro-suicide message boards. Aims: We aimed to compare problems described in suicide message boards between different types of users (primary posters and respondents) and between against-suicide, neutral, and pro-suicide message boards. Method: In all, 1,182 archival threads with 20,499 individual postings from seven nonprofessional suicide message boards supporting an against-suicide, neutral, or pro-suicide attitude were randomly selected. Problems mentioned by primary posters and their respondents were coded with content analysis. Differences between pro-suicide, neutral, and against suicide boards, as well as correlations between primary posters and respondents, were calculated. Results: Interpersonal problems were most frequently mentioned by primary posters in against-suicide threads (40.9%) and less frequently in pro-suicide threads (11.8%; p < .001). In pro-suicide boards, the most frequent stressors were suicide method-related (e.g., how to identify a safe method: 26.2% vs. 2.5% in against-suicide boards, p < .001). Primary posters resembled respondents in terms of presenting problems in pro-suicide boards, but not in against-suicide boards. Limitations: Only self-reported problems were assessed. Conclusion: The results confirm a stronger focus on death than on life among users in pro-suicide message boards, and posters with similar problems meet in pro-suicide boards. The posters appear to clearly emphasize social strains over psychiatric problems compared with some professional settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Niederkrotenthaler
- 1 Unit Suicide Research & Mental Health Promotion, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Till
- 1 Unit Suicide Research & Mental Health Promotion, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Daly C, Mörch CM, Kirtley OJ. Preventing Suicide - What Precedes Us Will Propel Us. CRISIS 2018; 39:409-415. [PMID: 30465618 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Daly
- 1 National Suicide Research Foundation, Cork, Ireland.,2 School of Public Health, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Carl-Maria Mörch
- 3 Centre for Research and Intervention on Suicide, Ethical Issues and End-of-Life Practices (CRISE), Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
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Van den Nest M, Till B, Niederkrotenthaler T. Comparing Indicators of Suicidality Among Users in Different Types of Nonprofessional Suicide Message Boards. CRISIS 2018; 40:125-133. [PMID: 30109966 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about linguistic differences between nonprofessional suicide message boards that differ in regard to their predominant attitude to suicide. AIMS To compare linguistic indicators potentially related to suicidality between anti-suicide, neutral, and pro-suicide message boards, and between the types of posters (primary posters, who initiate the thread, and the respective respondents). METHOD In all, 1,200 threads from seven German-language nonprofessional suicide message boards were analyzed using the software Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) with regard to wording related to suicidal fantasies, aggression, and indicators of so-called suicidal constriction. Data were analyzed with ANOVA. RESULTS There were fewer words related to affective, social, cognitive, and communicative processes in pro-suicide message boards than in other boards. Death-related wording and aggression as well as tentative wording appeared more prevalent in pro-suicide boards. LIMITATIONS Complex language structures cannot be analyzed with LIWC. CONCLUSION The results suggest fewer emotion words and wording related to social circumstances among primary posters and respondents in pro-suicide boards as compared with other boards, and a higher use of death- and aggression-related words. These findings might signal a higher degree of suicidality or sheer differences in matters of interest or social desirability. The differences require attention in practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Van den Nest
- 1 Unit Suicide Research & Mental Health Promotion, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Till
- 1 Unit Suicide Research & Mental Health Promotion, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Niederkrotenthaler
- 1 Unit Suicide Research & Mental Health Promotion, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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35
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Notredame CE, Grandgenèvre P, Pauwels N, Morgiève M, Wathelet M, Vaiva G, Séguin M. Leveraging the Web and Social Media to Promote Access to Care Among Suicidal Individuals. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1338. [PMID: 30154742 PMCID: PMC6102313 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After two decades of exponential development, the Internet has become an inseparable component of suicide prevention matters. More specifically, social media has turned out to be a privileged space for suicidal individuals to express their distress and seek support. Although this tendency carries with it specific risks and challenges, it creates unprecedented opportunities to face the challenges of help seeking and access to care. In this paper, we present the empirical, technological, and theoretical evidence supporting the implementation of a digitally augmented prevention policy that would increase its reach. Congruent to the clinical observations and theories on the help-seeking process, we argue that social media can help undertake three main functions of increasing proactivity to bring suffering Web users to care. The gateway function relates to the properties of social media interactions to leverage help-seeking barriers and enable ambivalent individuals to access the mental healthcare system. The communication outreach function aims to broadcast pro-help-seeking messages, while drawing on the functional structure of the social media network to increase its audience. The intervention outreach function consists in using machine learning algorithms to detect social media users with the highest risk of suicidal behaviors and give them a chance to overcome their dysfunctional reluctance to access help. We propose to combine these three functions into a single coherent operational model. This would involve the joint actions of a communication and intervention team on social networks, working in close collaboration with conventional mental health professionals, emergency service, and community resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Edouard Notredame
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Regional et Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France.,SCALab, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lille, France.,McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Grandgenèvre
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Regional et Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France.,SCALab, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Pauwels
- Fédération Régionale de Recherche en Psychiatrie et Santé Mentale des Hauts-de-France, Lille, France
| | - Margot Morgiève
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, Hospital Albert Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - Marielle Wathelet
- Department of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Regional et Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Vaiva
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Regional et Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France.,SCALab, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lille, France.,Fédération Régionale de Recherche en Psychiatrie et Santé Mentale des Hauts-de-France, Lille, France
| | - Monique Séguin
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
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36
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Bachmann S. Epidemiology of Suicide and the Psychiatric Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1425. [PMID: 29986446 PMCID: PMC6068947 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 618] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a worldwide phenomenon. This review is based on a literature search of the World Health Organization (WHO) databases and PubMed. According to the WHO, in 2015, about 800,000 suicides were documented worldwide, and globally 78% of all completed suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries. Overall, suicides account for 1.4% of premature deaths worldwide. Differences arise between regions and countries with respect to the age, gender, and socioeconomic status of the individual and the respective country, method of suicide, and access to health care. During the second and third decades of life, suicide is the second leading cause of death. Completed suicides are three times more common in males than females; for suicide attempts, an inverse ratio can be found. Suicide attempts are up to 30 times more common compared to suicides; they are however important predictors of repeated attempts as well as completed suicides. Overall, suicide rates vary among the sexes and across lifetimes, whereas methods differ according to countries. The most commonly used methods are hanging, self-poisoning with pesticides, and use of firearms. The majority of suicides worldwide are related to psychiatric diseases. Among those, depression, substance use, and psychosis constitute the most relevant risk factors, but also anxiety, personality-, eating- and trauma-related disorders as well as organic mental disorders significantly add to unnatural causes of death compared to the general population. Overall, the matter at hand is relatively complex and a significant amount of underreporting is likely to be present. Nevertheless, suicides can, at least partially, be prevented by restricting access to means of suicide, by training primary care physicians and health workers to identify people at risk as well as to assess and manage respective crises, provide adequate follow-up care and address the way this is reported by the media. Suicidality represents a major societal and health care problem; it thus should be given a high priority in many realms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Bachmann
- Clienia Littenheid AG, Hauptstrasse 130, 9573 Littenheid, Switzerland.
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, University Halle (Saale), Julius-Kühn-Strasse 7, 6112 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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37
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Chan S, Denny S, Fleming T, Fortune S, Peiris-John R, Dyson B. Exposure to suicide behaviour and individual risk of self-harm: Findings from a nationally representative New Zealand high school survey. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2018; 52:349-356. [PMID: 28565940 DOI: 10.1177/0004867417710728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine whether there is an association between students self-reported suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury and exposure to suicidal behaviour among friends, family members or within school communities. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative health and well-being survey of 8500 New Zealand high school students conducted from March through November 2012. Students' self-reported suicide attempts and repeated non-suicidal self-injury was examined in relation to student reports of self-harming behaviour among friends and family as well as data from school administrators of completed suicides within the school community. RESULTS Almost 1 in 20 (4.5%) students reported a suicide attempt in the last 12 months and 7.9% reported repeated non-suicidal self-injury in the last 12 months. The risk of both suicide attempts and repeated non-suicidal self-injury was highest among females, students from homes with economic deprivation and among students reporting an episode of low mood in the previous 12 months. Students exposed to suicide attempts or completed suicide among friends and/or family members were at increased risk of reporting attempted suicide and repeated non-suicidal self-injury in the last year. There was no association between completed suicide in school community and students self-reported suicide attempts or repeated non-suicidal self-injury. CONCLUSIONS Low mood and exposure to suicide attempts of friends and family members are associated with suicide attempts and repeated non-suicidal self-injury in New Zealand high school students. This research highlights importance of supporting adolescents with low mood and exposed to suicide of friends and family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chan
- 1 School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,2 Mental Health Services, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon Denny
- 1 School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,3 Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Theresa Fleming
- 1 School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,3 Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,4 Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Fortune
- 5 Department of Psychological Medicine, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Roshini Peiris-John
- 6 Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ben Dyson
- 7 School of Curriculum and Pedagogy, Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Jun HJ, Kim MY. What Accounts for the Relationship Between Internet Use and Suicidal Ideation of Korean Older Adults? A Mediation Analysis. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2017; 72:846-855. [PMID: 28025280 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbw163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study sought to examine the relationship between Internet use and suicidal ideation in Korean older adults and the mediating roles of social relationships and depressive symptoms. Method A nationally representative sample of older adults aged 50 or older (N = 6,306), from four waves of the Korean Welfare Panel Study, was used in the analyses. All analyses were conducted using generalized estimation equations, and the mediation effects of social relationship satisfaction and depression in the relationship between Internet use and suicidal ideation were calculated using the product-of-coefficients approach. Results Internet use was linked with lower levels of suicidal ideation directly and indirectly via the protective effects of Internet use on lowering depression, which was partially mediated by the positive influence Internet use has on older adults' social relationship satisfaction. Discussion The results support previous theories about the relationship between social relationships, depression, and suicidal behavior and prior results about how the Internet might confer mental and social health benefits to older adults. This suggests that the Internet is an important social and health activity that contributes to lowering suicidal ideation in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myoung-Yong Kim
- Human Life Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Marchant A, Hawton K, Stewart A, Montgomery P, Singaravelu V, Lloyd K, Purdy N, Daine K, John A. A systematic review of the relationship between internet use, self-harm and suicidal behaviour in young people: The good, the bad and the unknown. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181722. [PMID: 28813437 PMCID: PMC5558917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research exploring internet use and self-harm is rapidly expanding amidst concerns regarding influences of on-line activities on self-harm and suicide, especially in young people. We aimed to systematically review evidence regarding the potential influence of the internet on self-harm/suicidal behaviour in young people. Methods We conducted a systematic review based on an electronic search for articles published between 01/01/2011 and 26/01/2015 across databases including Medline, Cochrane and PsychInfo. Articles were included if: the study examined internet use by individuals who engaged in self-harm/ suicidal behaviour, or internet use clearly related to self-harm content; reported primary empirical data; participants were aged under 25 years. New studies were combined with those identified in a previous review and subject to data extraction, quality rating and narrative synthesis. Results Forty-six independent studies (51 articles) of varying quality were included. Perceived influences were: positive for 11 studies (38191 participants); negative for 18 studies (119524 participants); and mixed for 17 studies (35235 participants). In contrast to previous reviews on this topic studies focused on a wide range of internet mediums: general internet use; internet addiction; online intervention/treatment; social media; dedicated self-harm websites; forums; video/image sharing and blogs. A relationship between internet use and self-harm/suicidal behaviour was particularly associated with internet addiction, high levels of internet use, and websites with self-harm or suicide content. While there are negative aspects of internet use the potential for isolation reduction, outreach and as a source of help and therapy were also identified. Conclusions There is significant potential for harm from online behaviour (normalisation, triggering, competition, contagion) but also the potential to exploit its benefits (crisis support, reduction of social isolation, delivery of therapy, outreach). Young people appear to be increasingly using social media to communicate distress, particularly to peers. The focus should now be on how specific mediums’ (social media, video/image sharing) might be used in therapy and recovery. Clinicians working with young people who self-harm or have mental health issues should engage in discussion about internet use. This should be a standard item during assessment. A protocol for this review was registered with the PROSPERO systematic review protocol registry: (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42015019518).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Marchant
- Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Hawton
- Centre for Suicide Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Stewart
- Oxford Central Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Montgomery
- Centre for Evidence Based Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Keith Lloyd
- Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Purdy
- Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Daine
- Centre for Evidence Based Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ann John
- Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Krysinska K, Westerlund M, Niederkrotenthaler T, Andriessen K, Carli V, Hadlaczky G, Till B, Wasserman D. A Mapping Study on the Internet and Suicide. CRISIS 2017; 38:217-226. [DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: Since the mid-1990s concerns have been raised regarding the possible links between suicide and the Internet, especially among adolescents and young adults. Aims: To identify the nature and extent of the scientific publications, especially original research studies, on suicide and the Internet, and to investigate how the field has developed over time. In particular, this mapping study looks at types of publications, topic areas, focus of original research papers, and suicide-related variables of interest in publications. Method: A search of three major databases (PubMED, PsycINFO, and Sociological Abstracts) was conducted to identify papers published until the end of January 2015. Results: The study identified 237 publications on suicide and the Internet published from 1997 to the end of January 2015. These included 122 original research papers. The three most frequent topic areas covered in publications were searching for information on suicide, online interventions, and online suicide-related behaviors. The online mediums most frequently studied were online forums/message boards, search engines, intervention and information websites, and social media. Limitations: The mapping study did not include an analysis of results of research studies and did not assess their quality. Conclusion: The field is rapidly evolving, as seen in the recent increase in the number of publications. However, there are gaps in terms of the countries where research is conducted and the coverage of topics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Niederkrotenthaler
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Public Health, Institute of Social Medicine, Suicide Research Unit, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Andriessen
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vladimir Carli
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gergö Hadlaczky
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benedikt Till
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Public Health, Institute of Social Medicine, Suicide Research Unit, Vienna, Austria
| | - Danuta Wasserman
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Rezaeian M, Zarghami M. Algorithm Characterization of Suicide: Introducing an Informative Categorization System. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2016; 10:e4544. [PMID: 27822281 PMCID: PMC5097447 DOI: 10.17795/ijpbs-4544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Rezaeian
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Occupational Environmental Research Center, Rafsanjan Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, IR Iran
| | - Mehran Zarghami
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Sari, IR Iran; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Sari, IR Iran
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42
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Görzig A. Adolescents’ Viewing of Suicide-Related Web Content and Psychological Problems: Differentiating the Roles of Cyberbullying Involvement. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2016; 19:502-9. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2015.0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anke Görzig
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, Brentford, United Kingdom
- London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Media and Communications, London, United Kingdom
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Scherr S, Reinemann C. First do no harm: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence for the impact of individual suicidality on the use of online health forums and support groups. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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44
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Wiggins S, McQuade R, Rasmussen S. Stepping Back From Crisis Points: The Provision and Acknowledgment of Support in an Online Suicide Discussion Forum. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2016; 26:1240-1251. [PMID: 26935723 DOI: 10.1177/1049732316633130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is a global health concern, though little is known about the social practices that might support those who are contemplating suicide. Online forums provide a unique insight into the anonymous discussion of suicide, including sociocultural norms about suicide and the delicate management of online interaction. In this article, we examine the provision and acknowledgment of support in an online discussion forum about suicide, using discursive psychology to analyze the textual interaction. The analysis illustrates how forum threads function as case studies and enable members to gain support on numerous occasions. In this way, members can gain help at crisis points as and when these occur, while still maintaining authenticity as a valid forum member. The analysis also provides additional evidence for models of suicide which highlight the fluid nature of suicidality and contributes to the preventative work on suicide by demonstrating how support can be provided at crisis points.
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Abstract
Suicide is the second leading cause of death for adolescents 15 to 19 years old. This report updates the previous statement of the American Academy of Pediatrics and is intended to assist pediatricians, in collaboration with other child and adolescent health care professionals, in the identification and management of the adolescent at risk for suicide. Suicide risk can only be reduced, not eliminated, and risk factors provide no more than guidance. Nonetheless, care for suicidal adolescents may be improved with the pediatrician's knowledge, skill, and comfort with the topic, as well as ready access to appropriate community resources and mental health professionals.
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Mok K, Ross AM, Jorm AF, Pirkis J. An Analysis of the Content and Availability of Information on Suicide Methods Online. JOURNAL OF CONSUMER HEALTH ON THE INTERNET 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15398285.2016.1167579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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47
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Mok K, Jorm AF, Pirkis J. The perceived impact of suicide-related internet use: A survey of young Australians who have gone online for suicide-related reasons. Digit Health 2016; 2:2055207616629862. [PMID: 29942550 PMCID: PMC6001192 DOI: 10.1177/2055207616629862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the perceived impact of suicide-related Internet use, particularly of websites with potentially harmful attitudes towards suicide (encouraging suicide or discouraging help-seeking) or potentially helpful attitudes towards suicide (discouraging suicide or encouraging help-seeking), the online availability of suicide methods and online suicide communities The present study used a cross-sectional, anonymous online survey. Participants were 102 Australian citizens and permanent residents recruited from various, non-mental health-related websites, aged 18–24 years, who had gone online for suicide-related reasons within the past 12 months. Overall, there was a significant decrease in participants’ retrospective ratings of their suicidal thoughts and behaviours from before they first went online for suicide-related reasons to the time of the survey. However, characteristics of websites did not significantly predict users’ suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Participants reported both positive and negative online experiences, even for similar forms of suicide-related Internet use (e.g. reading information on suicide methods). The findings suggest that suicide-related Internet use is complex and its impact cannot necessarily be strictly attributed to specific types of websites or online content. The Internet may pose a risk to some vulnerable individuals but may also provide helpful, valuable support to others. Mental health professionals should therefore be aware of these potential risks and direct more efforts towards online suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Mok
- Centre for Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- Centre for Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although people who use the Internet for suicide-related reasons have been found to report significantly higher levels of suicidal ideation, little is known about the characteristics of these users. AIMS To examine the differences between suicidal people who use the Internet for suicide-related reasons and those who do not. METHOD Participants were 205 Australian citizens and permanent residents aged 18-24 years who had felt suicidal within the past year. Participants were recruited online through non-mental health-related websites and asked to complete an anonymous online survey. RESULTS In univariate analyses, suicide-related users reported significantly higher levels of social anxiety and lifetime and past year suicidal ideation than non-suicide-related users, as well as a higher likelihood of future suicide and overall higher risk for suicide. There were no differences on depressive symptoms and perceived social support. Both groups were unlikely to anticipate seeking help from any source and generally perceived similar barriers to offline help-seeking. Multivariate analyses showed that past year suicidal ideation and likelihood of future suicide significantly predicted suicide-related Internet use. CONCLUSIONS Individuals may choose to go online for alternative methods of coping when their suicidal feelings become more severe, demonstrating the need for more online suicide prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Mok
- 1 Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- 1 Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jane Pirkis
- 1 Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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Biddle L, Derges J, Mars B, Heron J, Donovan JL, Potokar J, Piper M, Wyllie C, Gunnell D. Suicide and the Internet: Changes in the accessibility of suicide-related information between 2007 and 2014. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:370-375. [PMID: 26546772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the ongoing concerns about cyber-suicide, we investigate changes between 2007 and 2014 in material likely to be accessed by suicidal individuals searching for methods of suicide. METHODS 12 search terms relating to suicide methods were applied to four search engines and the top ten hits from each were categorised and analysed for content. The frequency of each category of site across all searches, using particular search terms and engines, was counted. RESULTS Key changes: growth of blogs and discussion forums (from 3% of hits, 2007 to 18.5% of hits, 2014); increase in hits linking to general information sites - especially factual sites that detail and evaluate suicide methods (from 9%, 2007 to 21.7%, 2014). Hits for dedicated suicide sites increased (from 19% to 23%), while formal help sites were less visible (from 13% to 6.5%). Overall, 54% of hits contained information about new high-lethality methods. LIMITATIONS We did not search for help sites so cannot assess the balance of suicide promoting versus preventing sites available online. Social media was beyond the scope of this study. CONCLUSIONS Working with ISPs and search engines would help optimise support sites. Better site moderation and implementation of suicide reporting guidelines should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Biddle
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Derges
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Becky Mars
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Heron
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - John Potokar
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn Piper
- Papyrus Prevention of Young Suicide, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Gunnell
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
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Wu CY, Lee MB, Liao SC, Chang LR. Risk Factors of Internet Addiction among Internet Users: An Online Questionnaire Survey. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137506. [PMID: 26462196 PMCID: PMC4603790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Internet addiction (IA) has become a major public health issue worldwide and is closely linked to psychiatric disorders and suicide. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of IA and its associated psychosocial and psychopathological determinants among internet users across different age groups. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional survey initiated by the Taiwan Suicide Prevention Center. The participants were recruited from the general public who responded to the online questionnaire. They completed a series of self-reported measures, including Chen Internet Addiction Scale-revised (CIAS-R), Five-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5), Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI), and questions about suicide and internet use habits. RESULTS We enrolled 1100 respondents with a preponderance of female subjects (85.8%). Based on an optimal cutoff for CIAS-R (67/68), the prevalence rate of IA was 10.6%. People with higher scores of CIAS-R were characterized as: male, single, students, high neuroticism, life impairment due to internet use, time for internet use, online gaming, presence of psychiatric morbidity, recent suicide ideation and past suicide attempts. Multiple regression on IA showed that age, gender, neuroticism, life impairment, internet use time, and BSRS-5 score accounted for 31% of variance for CIAS-R score. Further, logistic regression showed that neuroticism, life impairment and internet use time were three main predictors for IA. Compared to those without IA, the internet addicts had higher rates of psychiatric morbidity (65.0%), suicide ideation in a week (47.0%), lifetime suicide attempts (23.1%), and suicide attempt in a year (5.1%). CONCLUSION Neurotic personality traits, psychopathology, time for internet use and its subsequent life impairment were important predictors for IA. Individuals with IA may have higher rates of psychiatric morbidity and suicide risks. The findings provide important information for further investigation and prevention of IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Wu
- School of Nursing, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan Suicide Prevention Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Been Lee
- Taiwan Suicide Prevention Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shih-Cheng Liao
- Taiwan Suicide Prevention Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ren Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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