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Di Natale AF, Repetto C, Costantini G, Riva G, Bricolo E, Villani D. Learning in the Metaverse: Are University Students Willing to Learn in Immersive Virtual Reality? Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2024; 27:28-36. [PMID: 38197837 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Immersive virtual reality (IVR) technology provides several educational affordances that make it a valuable tool for learning, especially from a constructivist learning perspective. Combined with the increasing availability of Metaverse social platforms, such as ENGAGE and AltSpace VR, where students and teachers can meet and work together, IVR may transform how students learn and interact with educational content. However, little is known about students' attitudes toward IVR in education. To address this gap, we surveyed 329 undergraduate students from different universities in Italy. We used the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to predict students' intention to adopt IVR for learning. We further explored the role that different individual factors, including students' learning styles, affordances perceptions, and personal innovativeness, have on their attitudes toward IVR. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the four constructs of the UTAUT, namely performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions were the strongest predictors of students' intention to use IVR in education and that individual factors only had little impact on it. Based on these results, this study provides helpful indications for researchers and educators who wish to introduce IVR effectively in educational contexts. Given the new possibilities provided by Metaverse applications based on IVR technology for learning, it is indeed crucial to fully understand the attitudes different stakeholders in education have toward adopting this technology in educational contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Flavia Di Natale
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Repetto
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Costantini
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Bricolo
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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2
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Riva G, Wiederhold BK, Villani D. Toward a Humane Metaverse: Challenges and Opportunities. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2024; 27:3-8. [PMID: 38118107 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2023.29303.editorial] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The metaverse, an emerging digital universe blurring the lines between reality and virtuality, offers a view into a future where human interaction transcends physical boundaries. In this article, we analyze the multidimensional facets of the metaverse, scrutinizing the landscape of challenges and opportunities it offers. The article delves into the challenges faced by human society in adapting to the metaverse, including the digital divide, ethical dilemmas, the level of trust, and the potential erosion of social and physical reality. Amid the allure of boundless creativity, questions arise about the very essence of human experience-identity, empathy, social relationships, life satisfaction, and the nature of reality itself. The metaverse, with all its complexities, challenges us to redefine the boundaries of human interaction, urging us to tread cautiously while embracing the limitless possibilities it presents. As we venture "toward a humane metaverse," we must navigate the intricate interplay of technology and humanity, shaping a future where the virtual realm enhances, rather than diminishes, the richness of the human experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Riva
- Humane Technology Laboratory, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Brenda K Wiederhold
- Virtual Reality Medical Center, Scripps Memorial Hospital, La Jolla, California, USA
- Interactive Media Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Research Center in Communication Psychology (PsiCom), Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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3
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Corno G, Villani D, de Montigny F, Pierce T, Bouchard S, Molgora S. The role of perceived social support on pregnant women's mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2023; 41:488-502. [PMID: 35196188 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2022.2042799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed at investigating which sources of social support best account for pregnant women's levels of psychological distress and mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS 274 Italian and Canadian expectant mothers completed an online-based survey including measures of perceived social support (from family, significant other and friends), state anxiety, depressive symptoms, and satisfaction with life. Correlation analyses and amultivariate analysis of covariance were performed to explore how social support from different sources was related to depressive symptoms, state anxiety and satisfaction with life. RESULTS Different sources of social support contributed to explaining women's psychological distress and mental well-being. Social support both from family and friends was significantly related to women's state anxiety and depressive symptoms. Social support from friends was specifically related to women's satisfaction with life. CONCLUSION Our findings endorse the crucial role of perceived social support as a protective factor for pregnant women's mental health. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, our results suggest that support from family seems important in preventing psychological distress, whereas support from friends is also associated with mental well-being. These results may help designing future interventions aimed at improving women's perinatal mental health in life-threatening conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corno
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Francine de Montigny
- Department of Nursey Sciences, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Tamarha Pierce
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bouchard
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Sara Molgora
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
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Villani D, Pancini E, Pesce F, Scuzzarella L. Savoring life during pandemic: an online intervention to promote well-being in emerging adults. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:196. [PMID: 37403128 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Savoring, that is the ability to create and increase positive emotions, represents a promising approach to enhance subjective well-being (SWB) in emerging adults. This controlled study aims to investigate the preliminary effects of a self-help e-savoring intervention on increasing savoring beliefs and strategies and SWB in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Forty-nine emerging adult participants were recruited using the snowball sampling method. The experimental group (n = 23) completed six online exercises (two exercises per week for three weeks) while the control group (n = 26) did not receive the intervention. Both groups filled out online questionnaires before and after the intervention. User experience and perceived usefulness of the intervention were assessed for the experimental group. RESULTS A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant increase for the experimental group in savoring beliefs (especially toward the present and the future) and in positive emotions compared to the control group. The perspicuity, attractiveness, and efficiency of the online platform were very positively evaluated, and most participants rated the intervention as useful. CONCLUSIONS The results of this preliminary study together with the high level of adherence and the appreciation for the intervention indicate the potential of promoting online savoring and positive emotions in emerging adults. Future research could evaluate its long-term effects and verify its results with other age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Research Center in Communication Psychology (PsiCom), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli, 1, 20123, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elisa Pancini
- Department of Psychology, Research Center in Communication Psychology (PsiCom), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli, 1, 20123, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Pesce
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Scuzzarella
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Villani D, Sorgente A, Antonietti A, Iannello P. The Contribution of Meaning Making and Religiosity to Individuals' Psychological Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prosocial Orientation Matters. Eur J Psychol 2023; 19:192-206. [PMID: 37731894 PMCID: PMC10508210 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.9389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected individuals' psychological well-being worldwide, thus representing a challenge for flourishing among emerging adults. To understand psychological processes involved in the positive adaptation to this challenge, the present study examined the role of meaning in life and religious identity as crucial resources for flourishing in a sample of 255 Italian emerging adults. Specifically, as in the midst of a stressful event individuals may experience the potential for flourishing through the process of search for meaning, the study examined the mediated role of existential, spiritual/religious and prosocial orientations as the three primary trajectories for building meaning. Results from path analytic mediation models revealed a positive influence of presence of meaning and in-depth exploration on flourishing. Findings also suggested the contribution of prosocial orientation in building meaning and, ultimately, in increasing flourishing. Implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Sorgente
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonietti
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Iannello
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Malighetti C, Bernardelli L, Pancini E, Riva G, Villani D. Promoting Emotional and Psychological Well-Being During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Self-Help Virtual Reality Intervention for University Students. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2023; 26:309-317. [PMID: 36940285 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Mental health problems are very common among university students, and the situation worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. The closure of universities, the restrictions imposed, and the reduction of social activities led to considerable changes in students' lives, thus posing new mental health and emotional challenges. Within this context, promoting university students' general well-being, in particular emotional and psychological well-being, becomes essential. In addition to the possibility of online interventions aimed at overcoming distance limitations and reaching people at their home, other advanced technologies such as virtual reality (VR) have demonstrated the potential to improve people's well-being, quality of life, and positive experiences. The study reported in this article is aimed at exploring the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a self-help VR intervention lasting 3 weeks in promoting emotional well-being in university students. Forty-two university students voluntarily participated in a six-session intervention. In each session, a different virtual scenario was presented: two relaxing experiences and four transformative experiences based on metaphors or metaphoric ones aimed at encouraging students to be aware of their emotions and positive resources. Students were randomly allocated to an experimental group and to a waiting list group that started the intervention after 3 weeks. Before and after the six sessions, participants completed an assessment by completing online questionnaires. Results showed a significant increase in both emotional well-being and psychological well-being in the experimental group compared to the waiting list group. The majority of participants said that they would recommend the experience to other students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clelia Malighetti
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Pancini
- Research Center in Communication Psychology, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano (IRCCS), Milano, Italy
- Humane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Villani
- Research Center in Communication Psychology, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Pancini E, Villani D, Riva G. oVeRcomING COPD: Virtual Reality and Savoring to Promote the Well-Being of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2023; 26:65-67. [PMID: 36595364 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.29265.ceu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pancini
- Research Center in Communication Psychology, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Villani
- Research Center in Communication Psychology, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Research Unit in Digital Media, Psychology and Well-Being, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Humane Technology Lab, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Danioni F, Villani D, Ranieri S. Personal Values and Substance Use in Adolescence and Young Adulthood: Risk or Protective Factors? Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:171-179. [PMID: 36540040 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2151312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Personal values are desirable trans-situational goals that serve as guiding principles in people's lives and have been widely found to be related to people's behavior. Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the relation between personal values and youth involvement in frequency of alcohol and cannabis use and problems related to substance use, comparing two groups of adolescents and young adults: 237 adolescents (age 14-19 years; 58.2% females) and 236 young adults (age 20-30 years; 78.8% females). Participants were asked to fill in an online self-report questionnaire aimed at assessing the constructs of interest. Results: The results showed that openness to change, despite being more prioritized by adolescents, was significantly positively related to frequency of cannabis use and problems related to substance use only for young adults. Conclusions: Implications for preventive interventions and further expansions of the study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Danioni
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Ranieri
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Piacenza and Milan, Milan, Italy
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Pancini E, Villani D, Riva G. The e-SaVoR Project: Savoring and Virtual Reality to Enhance Emerging Adults' Well-Being. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2022; 25:834-835. [PMID: 36475956 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.29261.ceu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pancini
- Research Center in Communication Psychology, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Villani
- Research Center in Communication Psychology, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Research Unit in Digital Media, Psychology and Well-Being, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Humane Technology Lab., Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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10
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Villani D, Faria K, Kauark-Fontes E, Ribeiro C, Mascarenhas Y, Ribeiro A, Vechiato-Filho A, Menegussi G, Vasconcelos K, Santos-Silva A, Brandão T. Protocol determination for OSL in vivo measurements of absorbed dose in the oral mucosa in oral cancer patients: A pilot study. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Chirico A, Pizzolante M, Villani D. Self-transcendent dispositions and spirituality: the mediating role of believing in a benevolent world. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19349637.2022.2079041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Chirico
- Research Center in Communication Psychology, Department of Psychology, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Pizzolante
- Research Center in Communication Psychology, Department of Psychology, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Bonanomi A, Facchin F, Barello S, Villani D. Prevalence and health correlates of Onine Fatigue: A cross-sectional study on the Italian academic community during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255181. [PMID: 34648507 PMCID: PMC8516245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, many people had to shift their social and work life online. A few researchers and journalists described a new form of fatigue associated with a massive use of technology, including videoconferencing platforms. In this study, this type of fatigue was referred to as Online Fatigue. A new tool (the Online Fatigue Scale) was developed, and its psychometric properties were evaluated. This tool was used to assess Online Fatigue among Italian academics and to examine its associations with psychological and physical health. Methods An online survey was conducted in December 2020 on a sample of Italian academics. Besides the Online Fatigue Scale (11 items) used to assess Online Fatigue, the survey was composed of questionnaires (including validated measures) focused on sociodemographic and job-related information, technostress creators, health status, psychological well-being, and COVID-related perceived distress. The psychometric properties of the Online Fatigue Scale were evaluated, and statistical analyses were conducted to examine the associations between Online Fatigue and all the other variables. Results Participants were 307 academics aged 24–70 years old (mean age = 40.7; SD = 10.1). The Online Fatigue Scale showed good psychometric properties. Two subscales were identified: Off-Balance Fatigue and Virtual Relations Fatigue. High levels of Off-Balance Fatigue were associated with a greater use of technology, female gender, and presence of minor children. Participants with high scores on both subscales reported a greater frequency of psychosomatic symptoms, unhealthy habits, poorer psychological well-being, and greater Covid-related perceived distress. Conclusions The Online Fatigue Scale can be considered a reliable tool to assess Online Fatigue, which was significantly detected in our sample of Italian academics, along with its negative effects on physical and psychological health. Being a woman and having young children represent important risk factors. Universities should promote the separation between work and private life by encouraging self-care activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonanomi
- Department of Statistical Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Facchin
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Barello
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- EngageMinds HUB–Consumer, Food & Health Engagement Research Center, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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13
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Sorgente A, Iannello NM, Musso P, Inguglia C, Lanz M, Antonietti A, Villani D. The Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U-MICS). European Journal of Psychological Assessment 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. The current study proposed the adaptation of the Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U-MICS) to the religious domain as an instrument to measure both individuals’ religious identity formation processes (when a variable-centered approach is adopted) and religious identity statuses (when a person-centered approach is adopted). The scale has been tested on a sample of 727 Italian participants aged 13–65 years, by collecting evidence of score structure, convergent, and criterion-related validity. Regarding the score structure validity, we confirmed that religious identity formation consists of three processes (commitment, in-depth exploration, reconsideration of commitment) and that, by using these scores, individuals can be placed into five different religious identity clusters (achievement, diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, searching moratorium). As to the convergent and criterion-related validity, we tested the relationship that the three factors (religious identity formation processes) and the five clusters (religious identity statuses) have with religiousness and subjective well-being, respectively. Results indicate that the instrument is a promising tool to measure religious identity. Future studies should test this scale in other countries and with people from diverse religious traditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sorgente
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò M. Iannello
- Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy
| | - Pasquale Musso
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Studies of Bari, Italy
| | - Cristiano Inguglia
- Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy
| | - Margherita Lanz
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Gaggioli A, Chirico A, Di Lernia D, Maggioni MA, Malighetti C, Manzi F, Marchetti A, Massaro D, Rea F, Rossignoli D, Sandini G, Villani D, Wiederhold BK, Riva G, Sciutti A. Machines Like Us and People Like You: Toward Human-Robot Shared Experience. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2021; 24:357-361. [PMID: 34003014 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2021.29216.aga] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past years, the field of collaborative robots has been developing fast, with applications ranging from health care to search and rescue, construction, entertainment, sports, and many others. However, current social robotics is still far from the general abilities we expect in a robot collaborator. This limitation is more evident when robots are faced with real-life contexts and activities occurring over long periods. In this article, we argue that human-robot collaboration is more than just being able to work side by side on complementary tasks: collaboration is a complex relational process that entails mutual understanding and reciprocal adaptation. Drawing on this assumption, we propose to shift the focus from "human-robot interaction" to "human-robot shared experience." We hold that for enabling the emergence of such shared experiential space between humans and robots, constructs such as coadaptation, intersubjectivity, individual differences, and identity should become the central focus of modeling. Finally, we suggest that this shift in perspective would imply changing current mainstream design approaches, which are mainly focused on functional aspects of the human-robot interaction, to the development of architectural frameworks that integrate the enabling dimensions of social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gaggioli
- ExperienceLab, and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,ATN-P Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Humane Technology Lab., and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Chirico
- ExperienceLab, and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Lernia
- Humane Technology Lab., and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario A Maggioni
- HuroLab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,DISEIS, Department of International Economics, Institutions and Development, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy.,CSCC, Cognitive Science and Communication Research Center, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Clelia Malighetti
- Humane Technology Lab., and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Manzi
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,UniToM, Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Marchetti
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,Humane Technology Lab., and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,UniToM, Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Massaro
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,UniToM, Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Rea
- Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences (RBCS) Unit, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Domenico Rossignoli
- HuroLab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,DISEIS, Department of International Economics, Institutions and Development, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy.,CSCC, Cognitive Science and Communication Research Center, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Sandini
- Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences (RBCS) Unit, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Brenda K Wiederhold
- Virtual Reality Medical Center, La Jolla, California, USA.,Virtual Reality Medical Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,ATN-P Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Humane Technology Lab., and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sciutti
- Cognitive Architecture for Collaborative Technologies (CONTACT) Unit, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
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15
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Sciara S, Villani D, Di Natale AF, Regalia C. Gratitude and Social Media: A Pilot Experiment on the Benefits of Exposure to Others' Grateful Interactions on Facebook. Front Psychol 2021; 12:667052. [PMID: 34054673 PMCID: PMC8149600 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.667052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Facebook and other social networking sites allow observation of others’ interactions that in normal, offline life would simply be undetectable (e.g., a two-voice conversation viewable on the Facebook wall, from the perspective of a real, silent witness). Drawing on this specific property, the theory of social learning, and the most direct implications of emotional contagion, our pilot experiment (N = 49) aimed to test whether the exposure to others’ grateful interactions on Facebook enhances (a) users’ felt gratitude, (b) expressed gratitude, and (c) their subjective well-being. For the threefold purpose, we created ad hoc Facebook groups in which the exposure to some accomplices’ exchange of grateful messages for 2 weeks was experimentally manipulated and users’ felt/expressed gratitude and well-being were consequently assessed. Results partially supported both hypotheses. Observing others’ exchange of grateful posts/comments on Facebook appeared to enhance participants’ in-person expression of gratitude (i.e., self-reported gratitude expression within face-to-face interactions), but not their direct and subjective experiences of gratitude. Similarly, exposure to others’ grateful messages improved some components of subjective well-being, such as satisfaction with life, but not negative and positive affect. Taken together, however, our preliminary findings suggest for the first time that social networking sites may actually amplify the spreading of gratitude and its benefits. Implications of our results for professionals and future research in the field of health, education, and social media communication are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Sciara
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy.,UniSR-Social.Lab, Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Camillo Regalia
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
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16
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Manzi F, Sorgente A, Massaro D, Villani D, Di Lernia D, Malighetti C, Gaggioli A, Rossignoli D, Sandini G, Sciutti A, Rea F, Maggioni MA, Marchetti A, Riva G. Emerging Adults' Expectations About the Next Generation of Robots: Exploring Robotic Needs Through a Latent Profile Analysis. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 2021; 24:315-323. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2020.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Manzi
- Department of Psychology, UniToM, Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Humane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Sorgente
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Massaro
- Department of Psychology, UniToM, Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Humane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Villani
- Humane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Lernia
- Humane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Clelia Malighetti
- Humane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gaggioli
- Humane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Rossignoli
- Humane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Department of International Economics, Institutions and Development, DISEIS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
- Cognitive Science and Communication Research Center (CSCC), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Sandini
- Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences (RBCS) Unit, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sciutti
- Cognitive Architecture for Collaborative Technologies (CONTACT) Unit, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Rea
- Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences (RBCS) Unit, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario A. Maggioni
- Humane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Department of International Economics, Institutions and Development, DISEIS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
- Cognitive Science and Communication Research Center (CSCC), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonella Marchetti
- Department of Psychology, UniToM, Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Humane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Humane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Applied Technology for Neuropsychology Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Values have been defined as trans-situational goals that serve as guiding principles in people's life to select modes, means, and actions. Despite values being relevant predictors of behaviors, their role in shaping adolescents' gambling ones has been under investigated. Specifically, the present study aimed at exploring whether and which values may be protective or risk factors for gambling behaviors, this also considering gender differences. Respondents were 237 adolescents (aged from 14 to 19; 58.2% female), recruited from three Italian high schools, who were asked to fill in a self-report and anonymous online questionnaire investigating their values and gambling behaviors. Specifically, the Portrait Values Questionnaire and the South Oaks Gambling Screen: Revised for Adolescents were used. Results showed that males were keener to adopt more frequently gambling behaviors, this also being more problematic, compared to their female counterparts. Despite conservation and openness to change values seem not to influence gambling behaviors, self-transcendence and self-enhancement values respectively negatively and positively predict gambling problems. More interestingly, self-transcendence values seem to work better as protective factors toward the severity of this risk behavior especially for the male subsample. Implications for preventive and promotional interventions with adolescents are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Danioni
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Ranieri
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Piacenza and Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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18
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Pagnini F, Bonanomi A, Tagliabue S, Balconi M, Bertolotti M, Confalonieri E, Di Dio C, Gilli G, Graffigna G, Regalia C, Saita E, Villani D. Knowledge, Concerns, and Behaviors of Individuals During the First Week of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in Italy. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2015821. [PMID: 32706385 PMCID: PMC7382000 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE At the beginning of a public health crisis, such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is important to collect information about people's knowledge, worries, and behaviors to examine their influence on quality of life and to understand individual characteristics associated with these reactions. Such information could help to guide health authorities in providing informed interventions and clear communications. OBJECTIVES To document the initial knowledge about COVID-19 and recommended health behaviors; to assess worries (ie, one's perception of the influence of the worries of others on oneself), social appraisal, and preventive behaviors, comparing respondents from areas under different movement restrictions during the first week after the outbreak; and to understand how worries, perceived risk, and preventive behaviors were associated with quality of life and individual characteristics among Italian adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This convenience sample, nonprobablistic survey study recruited adult participants with a snowballing sampling method in any Italian region during the first week of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy from February 26, 2020, to March 4, 2020. Data were analyzed from March 5 to 12, 2020. EXPOSURES Information was collected from citizens living in the quarantine zone (ie, red zone), area with restricted movements (ie, yellow zone), and COVID-19-free regions (ie, green zone). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Levels of knowledge on the virus, contagion-related worries, social appraisal, and preventive behaviors were assessed with ratings of quality of life (measured using the Short Form Health Survey). Additionally, some individual characteristics that may be associated with worries and behaviors were assessed, including demographic characteristics, personality traits (measured using Big Five Inventory-10), perceived health control (measured using the internal control measure in the Health Locus of Control scale), optimism (measured using the Revised Life Orientation Test), and the need for cognitive closure (measured using the Need for Closure Scale). RESULTS A total of 3109 individuals accessed the online questionnaire, and 2886 individuals responded to the questionnaire at least partially (mean [SD] age, 30.7 [13.2] years; 2203 [76.3%] women). Most participants were well informed about the virus characteristics and suggested behaviors, with a mean (SD) score of 77.4% (17.3%) correct answers. Quality of life was similar across the 3 zones (effect size = 0.02), but mental health was negatively associated with contagion-related worries (β = -0.066), social appraisal (β = -0.221), and preventive behaviors (β = -0.066) in the yellow zone (R2 = 0.108). Social appraisal was also associated with reduced psychological well-being in the green zone (β = -0.205; R2 = 0.121). In the yellow zone, higher worries were negatively correlated with emotional stability (β = -0.165; R2 = 0.047). Emotional stability was also negatively associated with perceived susceptibility in the yellow (β = -0.108; R2 = 0.040) and green (β = -0.170; R2 = 0.087) zones. Preventative behaviors and social appraisal were also associated with the need for cognitive closure in both yellow (preventive behavior: β = 0.110; R2 = 0.023; social appraisal β = 0.115; R2 = 0.104) and green (preventive behavior: β = 0.174; R2 = 0.022; social appraisal: 0.261; R2 = 0.137) zones. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that during the first week of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy, people were well informed and had a relatively stable level of worries. Quality of life did not vary across the areas, although mental well-being was challenged by the social appraisal and worries related to the contagion. Increased scores for worries and concerns were associated with more cognitive rigidity and emotional instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pagnini
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea Bonanomi
- Department of Statistical Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy"
| | - Semira Tagliabue
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Balconi
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Bertolotti
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Di Dio
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gilli
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Guendalina Graffigna
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- EngageMinds HUB, Consumer, Food & Health Engagement Research Center, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Camillo Regalia
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Saita
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Almeida S, Villani D, Sakuraba R, Rezende A, Campos L. Comparison between Al2O3:C pellets and DIODEs for TSEB in vivo dosimetry using an anthropomorphic phantom. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Riva G, Bernardelli L, Browning MHEM, Castelnuovo G, Cavedoni S, Chirico A, Cipresso P, de Paula DMB, Di Lernia D, Fernández-Álvarez J, Figueras-Puigderrajols N, Fuji K, Gaggioli A, Gutiérrez-Maldonado J, Hong U, Mancuso V, Mazzeo M, Molinari E, Moretti LF, Ortiz de Gortari AB, Pagnini F, Pedroli E, Repetto C, Sforza F, Stramba-Badiale C, Tuena C, Malighetti C, Villani D, Wiederhold BK. COVID Feel Good-An Easy Self-Help Virtual Reality Protocol to Overcome the Psychological Burden of Coronavirus. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:563319. [PMID: 33173511 PMCID: PMC7538634 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.563319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living in the time of the COVID-19 means experiencing not only a global health emergency but also extreme psychological stress with potential emotional side effects such as sadness, grief, irritability, and mood swings. Crucially, lockdown and confinement measures isolate people who become the first and the only ones in charge of their own mental health: people are left alone facing a novel and potentially lethal situation, and, at the same time, they need to develop adaptive strategies to face it, at home. In this view, easy-to-use, inexpensive, and scientifically validated self-help solutions aiming to reduce the psychological burden of coronavirus are extremely necessary. AIMS This pragmatic trial aims to provide the evidence that a weekly self-help virtual reality (VR) protocol can help overcome the psychological burden of the Coronavirus by relieving anxiety, improving well-being, and reinforcing social connectedness. The protocol will be based on the "Secret Garden" 360 VR video online (www.covidfeelgood.com) which simulates a natural environment aiming to promote relaxation and self-reflection. Three hundred sixty-degree or spherical videos allow the user to control the viewing direction. In this way, the user can explore the content from any angle like a panorama and experience presence and immersion. The "Secret Garden" video is combined with daily exercises that are designed to be experienced with another person (not necessarily physically together), to facilitate a process of critical examination and eventual revision of core assumptions and beliefs related to personal identity, relationships, and goals. METHODS This is a multicentric, pragmatic pilot randomized controlled trial involving individuals who experienced the COVID-19 pandemic and underwent a lockdown and quarantine procedures. The trial is approved by the Ethics Committee of the Istituto Auxologico Italiano. Each research group in all the countries joining the pragmatic trial, aims at enrolling at least 30 individuals in the experimental group experiencing the self-help protocol, and 30 in the control group, over a period of 3 months to verify the feasibility of the intervention. CONCLUSION The goal of this protocol is for VR to become the "surgical mask" of mental health treatment. Although surgical masks do not provide the wearer with a reliable level of protection against the coronavirus compared with FFP2 or FFP3 masks, surgical masks are very effective in protecting others from the wearer's respiratory emissions. The goal of the VR protocol is the same: not necessarily to solve complex mental health problems but rather to improve well-being and preserve social connectedness through the beneficial social effects generated by positive emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Riva
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alice Chirico
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Cipresso
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Di Lernia
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Kei Fuji
- Division of Psychology, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrea Gaggioli
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Upyong Hong
- Department of Media and Communication, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Milena Mazzeo
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Molinari
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciana F Moretti
- Sociedad Española de Realidad Virtual y Psicología, Las Rozas - Madrid, Spain
| | - Angelica B Ortiz de Gortari
- The Centre for the Science of Learning & Technology (SLATE), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Francesco Pagnini
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Pedroli
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, University of eCampus, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Claudia Repetto
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Cosimo Tuena
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Clelia Malighetti
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Brenda K Wiederhold
- Virtual Reality Medical Center, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Virtual Reality Medical Institute, Brussels, Belgium
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21
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Villani D, Florio E, Sorgente A, Castelli I, Riva G, Marchetti A, Massaro D. Adolescents' Beliefs About Peers' Engagement in an Online Self-Harm Challenge: Exploring the Role of Individual Characteristics Through a Latent Class Analysis. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2019; 22:684-691. [PMID: 31697599 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2019.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade considerable attention has been devoted to the possible contribution of social media, and the Internet generally, to instigating adolescents' engagement in self-harm activities, which are considered the result of a combination of multidimensional variables, such as depression and anxiety. This study aimed to identify, using latent class analysis (LCA), classes homogeneous for adolescents' beliefs about peers' motivations in taking part in the recent Blue Whale Challenge Game, and to analyze the individual predictors (gender, mental health problems, self-harm and risk-taking behaviors, and problematic Internet use) of the adolescent's latent class membership. We performed an LCA using "perceived attraction" and "perceived constraint" as nominal indicators. Relative fit indices suggested the two class solution as the best measurement model: the first class was mostly composed of adolescents who attributed a central role to the adolescent (internal causality), while the second class mostly composed of adolescents who attributed a central role to the recruiters (external causality). In addition, we explored some individual characteristics to test whether they could predict adolescents' class membership. Results suggests that it is significantly more likely for adolescents with higher level of stress and risk-taking to attribute a central role to their peers' internal motivation, rather than to the recruiter, in deciding to take part in the online self-harm challenge game. Implications for preventive interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Florio
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Angela Sorgente
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Castelli
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Marchetti
- Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Massaro
- Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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22
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Gaggioli A, Villani D, Serino S, Banos R, Botella C. Editorial: Positive Technology: Designing E-experiences for Positive Change. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1571. [PMID: 31338053 PMCID: PMC6629820 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gaggioli
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Serino
- MySpace Lab, Department of Clinical Neurosciences University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosa Banos
- University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Botella
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Jaume I, Valencia, Spain
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23
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Villani D, Sorgente A, Iannello P, Antonietti A. The Role of Spirituality and Religiosity in Subjective Well-Being of Individuals With Different Religious Status. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1525. [PMID: 31354566 PMCID: PMC6630357 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spirituality and religiosity have been found to be positive predictors of subjective well-being, even if results are not altogether consistent across studies. This mixed evidence is probably due to the inadequate operationalization of the constructs as well as the neglect of the moderation effect that the individuals' religious status can have on the relation between spirituality/religiosity and subjective well-being. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship of spirituality and religiosity with subjective well-being (operationalized as both life satisfaction and balance between positive and negative affect) and to test whether differences exist according to individuals' religious status (religious, non-religious, and uncertain). Data were collected from 267 Italian adults aged 18-77 (M = 36.68; SD = 15.13), mainly women (59.9%). In order to test the role of spirituality (operationalized as Purpose, Innerness, Interconnection, and Transcendence) and religiosity (operationalized as three dimensions of the religious identity: Commitment, In-depth Exploration, and Reconsideration of Commitment) in subjective well-being, two path analysis models were run, one for each predictor. To test the invariance of the two models across the individuals' religious status, two multi-group models were run. The models concerning spirituality were tested on the entire sample, finding that spirituality had a positive impact on subjective well-being (except for the dimension of Interconnection) and that this relation is unaffected by the individual's religious status. The models concerning religiosity were instead tested only on religious and uncertain, finding that the relationship between religiosity and subjective well-being changes across religious status. In particular, the main difference we found was that religious identity commitment positively predicted satisfaction with life among religious, but not among uncertain individuals. An interpretation of the results and their implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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24
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Carissoli C, Villani D. Can Videogames Be Used to Promote Emotional Intelligence in Teenagers? Results from EmotivaMente, a School Program. Games Health J 2019; 8:407-413. [PMID: 31241356 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2018.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To carry out and investigate the effectiveness of an emotional intelligence (EI) training based on the EI ability model, using videogames as experience-based learning tools to increase EI abilities in adolescents. Materials and Methods: A pre-/post-test/follow-up quasi-experimental design was used with an experimental and a control group (121 adolescents, 15.7% boys, mean age of 14.1 years). The training called "EmotivaMente" consisted of eight sessions lasting 1.5 hours each, conducted with six first-year classes of two Italian senior high schools. Data on emotional competences were collected at baseline, at the end of the training and 3 months later. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Students who participated in the EI training reported an improvement in the evaluation and expression of emotions in relation to the self (own emotions) compared with the control group, immediately after the training, but this difference did not persist at the follow-up (3 months later). Furthermore, EmotivaMente found an increase in the use of cognitive revaluation as a strategy of emotion regulation in the experimental group over time. Conclusions: EmotivaMente helped adolescents to improve emotional skills. Results confirmed that videogames can be useful to promote EI in adolescents at school, if integrated with a guided and assisted framework. Implication of the findings and recommendations for future research are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carissoli
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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25
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Almeida S, Villani D, Sakuraba R, Rezende A, Campos L. Dosimetric evaluation and comparation of TL responses of LiF:Mg,Ti and μLiF:Mg,Ti in the clinical electron beams dosimetry applied to total skin irradiation (TSEB) treatments. RADIAT MEAS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Villani D, Cognetta C, Repetto C, Serino S, Toniolo D, Scanzi F, Riva G. Promoting Emotional Well-Being in Older Breast Cancer Patients: Results From an eHealth Intervention. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2279. [PMID: 30538650 PMCID: PMC6277478 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, with increases in diagnoses at all ages. Due to several age-related factors, older breast cancer patients show particular difficulties in adjusting to breast cancer and its related treatments. One consistent indicator of vulnerability to long-term complications is emotional distress occurring within 3 months of diagnosis. Thus, it is critical to develop early interventions specifically aimed at mitigating distress and promoting emotional wellbeing in older breast cancer patients. By taking advantage of the opportunities of online interventions, the present study aimed to test the efficacy of a 2 weeks e-health stress inoculation training (SIT) intervention on emotion regulation and cancer-related well-being, compared with a control group without such intervention. Twenty-nine women with a diagnosis of breast cancer, who had received radical surgery and who were suitable candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy with anthracyclines and taxanes (mean age = 62.76; SD = 6.19) voluntarily took part in the current study after giving written informed consent. To test intervention efficacy, self-report questionnaires were administered to all participants at baseline, at the end of the 2 weeks intervention, and 3 months after the end of the intervention. Results showed that after 2 weeks of ehealth intervention, patients did not achieve significant change, however, they significantly reduced emotional suppression and increased cancer-related emotional well-being 3 months after the end of the intervention. Furthermore, by monitoring at a distance the emotional experience during the online intervention, we found an increase in relaxation and a reduction of anxiety. Finally, patients in the experimental group reported a good level of acceptance of the ehealth intervention. To conclude, designing and developing eHealth interventions as part of the regular care path for breast cancer patients of all ages represents both a challenge and an opportunity; in particular, online interventions can be an important step in universal psychosocial care within a tiered model of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Cognetta
- Department of Medical Oncology, G.Salvini ASST Rhodense, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Repetto
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Serino
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Toniolo
- Department of Medical Oncology, G.Salvini ASST Rhodense, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Scanzi
- U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale S. Giuseppe-Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Triberti S, Milani L, Villani D, Grumi S, Peracchia S, Curcio G, Riva G. What matters is when you play: Investigating the relationship between online video games addiction and time spent playing over specific day phases. Addict Behav Rep 2018; 8:185-188. [PMID: 30505925 PMCID: PMC6251976 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Online video gaming is now widely considered an activity possibly related to addictive behaviors, so that the diagnosis of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is now included both in DSM-5 and ICD-11; however, there is still debate about some specific features of such disorder. One debated aspect is time spent playing: IGD gamers certainly play a high amount of time, but, on the other hand, also highly-engaged individuals or people working with video games (e.g.: eSports professional players) may play a lot without developing IGD. The literature agrees on the importance of deepening the role of time spent playing video games in IGD, to understand if it can be considered a symptom useful for the diagnosis, or not: one possibility is that time spent playing is not important in an absolute sense, but relatively to specific day phases. The present research involved 133 participants to test the relationship between average time spent playing over day phases (morning, afternoon, night; week, weekend days), age, game preferences and IGD. IGD score positively predicted time spent playing during weekend mornings, which are a day phase usually dedicated to other activities. Instead, time spent playing during afternoon was negatively predicted by age, according to this day phase being more related to youngsters' spare time, while night playing was related to preference for game genres which need dedicated time to organize multi-playing. Discussion deals with the utility of these preliminary results for future, more systematic research on IGD and its distinctive symptoms. To investigate the role of time spent playing video games in problematic gaming Time spent playing may be important as associated to specific day phases. Problematic gaming predicts time spent playing video games during mornings. Time spent playing over other day phases is related to game preference and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Triberti
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Milani
- CRIdee, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Grumi
- CRIdee, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Peracchia
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curcio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan, Italy.,Applied Technology for NeuroPsychology Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, via Magnasco 2, 20149 Milan, Italy
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emotion regulation (ER) supports multiple individual functions and promotes mental health and wellbeing. Among the tools that may be used to help people in managing their affective states, videogames are reaching attention and are showing positive effects. Yet, little is known about their effectiveness. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the amount and quality of studies investigating the effects and modalities of the use of videogames for ER. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search according to PRISMA guidelines was performed. Subsequently, according to expert advice other few studies have been added. RESULTS Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review; they can be categorized into three groups, namely (1) cross-sectional and qualitative studies, (2) experimental studies investigating the effects of videogame experience on ER and (3) ER intervention with serious games. DISCUSSION Discussion of the reviewed studies highlights that frequent gaming with commercial games offers more opportunities for ER improvement (related to gameplay and enjoyment of fictional properties) than limited-time experiences, such as those supported by bespoke serious games. This research area is still in its infancy and findings need to be interpreted with caution; furthermore, future reviews are encouraged to include clinical populations. CONCLUSION Videogames offer several opportunities for ER and a challenge for educational and psychological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Villani
- 1 Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Carissoli
- 1 Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Triberti
- 1 Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Marchetti
- 2 Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gilli
- 1 Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- 1 Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Milan, Italy .,3 Applied Technology for NeuroPsychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano , Milan, Italy
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Villani D, Iannello P, Cipresso P, Antonietti A. The Stability of Individual Well-Being in Short Windows of Time: Women's Perceptions across the Ovulatory Cycle. Front Psychol 2017; 8:2092. [PMID: 29250015 PMCID: PMC5714936 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Empirical research on well-being has rapidly increased in recent years. One of the most dominant issue concerns the degree of cross-situational consistency and stability of well-being across time, and this is of particular relevance to women life. The aim of this study was to verify the stability of women well-being in short windows of time, specifically across menstrual cycle phases. A within-subject design with 25 normally cycling women (range: 19-26 years) was carried out. The multidimensional assessment of well-being included the administration of psychological well-being, self-esteem, and emotional self-efficacy beliefs questionnaires during both high and low-fertility phases. The results showed the stability of the level of individual well-being across menstrual cycle phases. Albeit preliminary, results indicated that women representations of their well-being do not change according to menstrual cycle. Rather, an effective organization and integration of the entire self-system appears sustained by the stability of well-being measured through a multi-componential assessment over short periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Iannello
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Cipresso
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Riva EFM, Riva G, Talò C, Boffi M, Rainisio N, Pola L, Diana B, Villani D, Argenton L, Inghilleri P. Measuring Dispositional Flow: Validity and reliability of the Dispositional Flow State Scale 2, Italian version. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182201. [PMID: 28877167 PMCID: PMC5587230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Dispositional Flow Scale-2 (DFS-2), for use with Italian adults, young adults and adolescents. Method In accordance with the guidelines for test adaptation, the scale has been translated with the method of back translation. The understanding of the item has been checked according to the latest standards on the culturally sensitive translation. The scale thus produced was administered to 843 individuals (of which 60.69% female), between the ages of 15 and 74. The sample is balanced between workers and students. The main activities defined by the subjects allow the sample to be divided into three categories: students, workers, athletes (professionals and semi-professionals). Results The confirmatory factor analysis, conducted using the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLM), showed acceptable fit indexes. Reliability and validity have been verified, and structural invariance has been verified on 6 categories of Flow experience and for 3 subsamples with different with different fields of action. Correlational analysis shows significant high values between the nine dimensions. Conclusions Our data confirmed the validity and reliability of the Italian DFS-2 in measuring Flow experiences. The scale is reliable for use with Italian adults, young adults and adolescents. The Italian version of the scale is suitable for the evaluation of the subjective tendency to experience Flow trait characteristic in different contest, as sport, study and work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora F. M. Riva
- Department of Cultural Heritage and Environment, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab., Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Cosimo Talò
- Department of History, Society and Human Studies, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marco Boffi
- Department of Cultural Heritage and Environment, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Rainisio
- Department of Cultural Heritage and Environment, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Linda Pola
- Department of Cultural Heritage and Environment, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara Diana
- Department of Educational Human Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Argenton
- Department of Educational Human Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Inghilleri
- Department of Cultural Heritage and Environment, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Triberti S, Durosini I, Aschieri F, Villani D, Riva G. Changing Avatars, Changing Selves? The Influence of Social and Contextual Expectations on Digital Rendition of Identity. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 2017; 20:501-507. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2016.0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Triberti
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Durosini
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Aschieri
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- European Center for Therapeutic Assessment, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Applied Technology for NeuroPsychology Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Villani D, Cognetta C, Toniolo D, Scanzi F, Riva G. Engaging Elderly Breast Cancer Patients: The Potential of eHealth Interventions. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1825. [PMID: 27899909 PMCID: PMC5110527 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Cognetta
- Department of Medical Oncology, "G.Salvini" ASST Rhodense Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Toniolo
- Department of Medical Oncology, "G.Salvini" ASST Rhodense Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Scanzi
- U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale S. Giuseppe-Multimedica Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuoreMilan, Italy; Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilan, Italy
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Triberti S, Villani D, Riva G. Unconscious goal pursuit primes attitudes towards technology usage: A virtual reality experiment. Computers in Human Behavior 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Villani D, Gatti E, Triberti S, Confalonieri E, Riva G. Exploration of virtual body-representation in adolescence: the role of age and sex in avatar customization. Springerplus 2016; 5:740. [PMID: 27376008 PMCID: PMC4909689 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The malleable nature of the self led researchers to investigate the meaning of virtual identity by exploring virtual self-representation through avatars and its association with users' identity. The present study aims to investigate the changes in virtual body-representation in adolescence related to age levels and sex and the association with adolescents' self-esteem and body esteem. Anthropometric features, body esteem and self-esteem were used to assess adolescents' body image and identity. The scoring code of the "Drawing Me" graphical test was used to evaluate the avatars. The sample is composed of 63 adolescents of different ages-early, middle and late adolescence-balanced by sex. Results show that the creation of a digital avatar changes with age and is partially associated with adolescents' perceptions in terms of body esteem and self-esteem. Moreover, the creation of avatars occurs differently for boys, who enrich their avatars with many sexual features, than for girls, who prefer to detail their avatars' clothing to enrich them. Critical reflections and implications for psychological interventions that may use avatars to investigate adolescents' identity in integration with other tools will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Villani
- Psychology Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Gemelli 1, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Gatti
- CRIDEE, Psychology Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Gemelli 1, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Triberti
- Psychology Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Gemelli 1, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Confalonieri
- CRIDEE, Psychology Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Gemelli 1, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Psychology Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Gemelli 1, Milan, Italy ; Applied Tecnhology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Magnasco 2, Milan, Italy
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Riva G, Villani D, Cipresso P, Repetto C, Triberti S, Di Lernia D, Chirico A, Serino S, Gaggioli A. Positive and Transformative Technologies for Active Ageing. Stud Health Technol Inform 2016; 220:308-315. [PMID: 27046597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to advances in treatment and people's living longer, chronic diseases are becoming more common among our population. This is a leading contributor to the increasing burden on our current healthcare system. To reduce this burden and sufficiently meet the needs of this growing segment of the population, healthcare organizations must encourage the elderly to take a more active role in caring for their own health and well-being. Technology may offer a solution to this shortcoming. "Positive Technology" focuses on the use of technology for improving the quality of our personal experience, and it suggests specific strategies for modifying/improving each of the different dimensions involved - Emotional Quality (affect regulation); Engagement/Actualization (presence and flow); Connectdness (collective intentions and networked flow) - and for generating motivation and engagement in the process. "Transformative Technology" are technologically-mediated experiences that support positive, enduring transformation of the self-world. The transformative content is delivered through a set of experiential affordances, which are stimuli designed to elicit emotional and cognitive involvement in the designed experience: (i) emotional affordances; (ii) epistemic affordances. The paper discusses discuss the possible role of positive and transormative technologies for healthy living and active ageing by presenting different practical applications of this approach recently developed by our team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Riva
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Cipresso
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Repetto
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Triberti
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Lernia
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Chirico
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Serino
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gaggioli
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Villani D, Morganti F, Cipresso P, Ruggi S, Riva G, Gilli G. Visual exploration patterns of human figures in action: an eye tracker study with art paintings. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1636. [PMID: 26579021 PMCID: PMC4620395 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Art exploration is a complex process conditioned by factors at different levels and includes both basic visual principles and complex cognitive factors. The human figure is considered a critical factor attracting the attention in art painting. Using an eye-tracking methodology, the goal of this study was to explore different elements of the human figure performing an action (face and body parts in action) in complex social scenes characterized by different levels of social interaction between agents depicted in scenes (individual vs. social). The sample included 44 laypersons, and the stimuli consisted of 10 fine art paintings representing the figurative style of classical art. The results revealed different scanning patterns of the human figure elements related to the level of social interaction of agents depicted in the scene. The agents’ face attracted eye movements in social interaction scenes while the agents’ body parts attracted eye movements only when the agents were involved in individual actions. These processes were confirmed specifically in participants with high empathic abilities who became immediately fixated on faces to develop a mimetic engagement with other agents. Future studies integrating other measures would help confirm the results obtained and strengthen their implication for embodiment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Villani
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Morganti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umane e Sociali, Università di Bergamo Bergamo, Italy
| | - Pietro Cipresso
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Ruggi
- Unità di Ricerca in Psicologia dell'Arte, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Milano, Italy ; Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gilli
- Unità di Ricerca in Psicologia dell'Arte, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Milano, Italy
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Triberti S, Villani D, Riva G. Moral positioning in video games and its relation with dispositional traits: The emergence of a social dimension. Computers in Human Behavior 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Carissoli C, Villani D, Riva G. Does a meditation protocol supported by a mobile application help people reduce stress? Suggestions from a controlled pragmatic trial. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2015; 18:46-53. [PMID: 25584730 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2014.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of a 3 week mindfulness inspired protocol, delivered by an Android application for smartphones, in reducing stress in the adult population. By using a controlled pragmatic trial, a self-help intervention group of meditators was compared with a typical control group listening to relaxing music and a waiting list group. The final sample included 56 Italian workers as participants, block randomized to the three conditions. The self-reported level of perceived stress was assessed at the beginning and at the end of the protocol. Participants were also instructed to track their heart rate before and after each session. The results did not show any significant differences between groups, but both self-help intervention groups demonstrated an improvement in coping with stress. Nevertheless, meditators and music listeners reported a significant decrease in average heartbeats per minute after each session. Furthermore, both groups perceived a moderate but significant change in stress reduction perceptions, even if with some peculiarities. Limitations and opportunities related to the meditation protocol supported by the mobile application to reduce stress are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carissoli
- 1 Psychology Department, Catholic University of Milan , Milan, Italy
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Riva G, Gaggioli A, Villani D, Cipresso P, Repetto C, Serino S, Triberti S, Brivio E, Galimberti C, Graffigna G. Positive Technology for Healthy Living and Active Ageing. Stud Health Technol Inform 2014; 203:44-56. [PMID: 26630511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Information and communication technologies are widely and rapidly spreading in people's daily lives. But what is the possible role of the mass proliferation of digital devices in supporting healthy living and active ageing? Are they useful in fostering personal growth and individual integration of the elderly, by promoting satisfaction, opportunities for action, and self-expression? Rather, do they enhance automation, impose constraints on personal initiative, and result in compulsive consumption of information? In this chapter, we suggest that possible answers to these questions will be offered by the "Positive Technology" approach, i.e., the scientific and applied approach to using technology so that it improves the quality of our personal experiences through its structuring, augmentation, and/or replacement. First, we suggest that it is possible to use technology to manipulate the quality of experience with the goal of increasing wellness and generating strengths and resilience in individuals, organizations, and society. Then, we classify positive technologies according to their effects on these three features of personal experience - Hedonic: technologies used to induce positive and pleasant experiences; Eudaimonic: technologies used to support individuals in reaching engaging and self-actualizing experiences; Social/Interpersonal: technologies used to support and improve the connectedness between individuals, groups, and organizations. Finally, we discuss the possible role of positive technologies for healthy living and active ageing by presenting different practical applications of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Riva
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gaggioli
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Cipresso
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Repetto
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Serino
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Triberti
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Brivio
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Galimberti
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Villani D, Grassi A, Cognetta C, Toniolo D, Cipresso P, Riva G. Self-help stress management training through mobile phones: An experience with oncology nurses. Psychol Serv 2013; 10:315-322. [PMID: 23937091 DOI: 10.1037/a0026459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Davide Toniolo
- Department of Medical Oncology and Ematology, G. Salvini General Hospital
| | - Pietro Cipresso
- Applied Tecnhology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano
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Bellardita L, Rancati T, Alvisi MF, Villani D, Magnani T, Marenghi C, Nicolai N, Procopio G, Villa S, Salvioni R, Valdagni R. Predictors of health-related quality of life and adjustment to prostate cancer during active surveillance. Eur Urol 2013; 64:30-6. [PMID: 23357351 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active surveillance (AS) is emerging as an alternative approach to limit the risk of overtreatment and impairment of quality of life (QoL) in patients with low-risk localised prostate cancer. Although most patients report high levels of QoL, some men may be distressed by the idea of living with untreated cancer. OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with poor QoL during AS. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Between September 2007 and March 2012, 103 patients participated in the Prostate Cancer Research International Active Surveillance (PRIAS) QoL study. Mental health (Symptom Checklist-90), demographic, clinical, and decisional data were assessed at entrance in AS. Health-related QoL (HRQoL) Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate version and Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer outcomes were assessed after 10 mo of AS. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of low (<25th percentile) HRQoL, adjustment to cancer, and a global QoL index at 10 mo after enrollment. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS The mean age of the study patients was 67 yr (standard deviation: ±7 yr). Lack of partner (odds ratio [OR]: 0.08; p=0.009) and impaired mental health (OR: 1.2, p=0.1) were associated with low HRQoL (p=0.006; area under the curve [AUC]: 0.72). The maladaptive adjustment to cancer (p=0.047; AUC: 0.60) could be predicted by recent diagnosis (OR: 3.3; p=0.072). Poor global QoL (overall p=0.02; AUC: 0.85) was predicted by impaired mental health (OR: 1.16; p=0.070) and time from diagnosis to enrollment in AS <5 mo (OR: 5.52; p=0.009). Influence of different physicians on the choice of AS (OR: 0.17; p=0.044), presence of a partner (OR: 0.22; p=0.065), and diagnostic biopsy with >18 core specimens (OR: 0.89; p=0.029) were predictors of better QoL. Limitations of this study were the small sample size and the lack of a control group. CONCLUSIONS Factors predicting poor QoL were lack of a partner, impaired mental health, recent diagnosis, influence of clinicians and lower number of core samples taken at diagnostic biopsy. Educational support from physicians and emotional/social support should be promoted in some cases to prevent poor QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Bellardita
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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Villani D, Gatti E, Confalonieri E, Riva G. Am I My Avatar? A Tool to Investigate Virtual Body Image Representation in Adolescence. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 2012; 15:435-40. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2012.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Villani
- ICE-NET Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Gatti
- CRIdee, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Riva
- ICE-NET Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Cipresso P, Serino S, Villani D, Repetto C, Sellitti L, Albani G, Mauro A, Gaggioli A, Riva G. Is your phone so smart to affect your state? An exploratory study based on psychophysiological measures. Neurocomputing 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2011.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Bellardita L, Avuzzi B, Rancati T, Villani D, Catania S, Magnani T, Villa S, Bedini N, Morlino S, Valdagni R. PO-0672 QUALITY OF LIFE IN PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS: RADIOTHERAPY COMPARED TO ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)71005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Raglio A, Bellelli G, Traficante D, Gianotti M, Ubezio MC, Gentile S, Bellandi D, Villani D, Trabucchi M. Addendum to 'Efficacy of music therapy treatment based on cycles of sessions: a randomised controlled trial' (Raglio et al., 2010). Aging Ment Health 2012; 16:265-7. [PMID: 22224756 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2011.630376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper is to provide further detail about the results of a randomised controlled study published in this journal (Raglio et al., 2010, 14, 900-904), in which we assessed the efficacy of music therapy (MT) on the behavioural disturbances in people with moderate-severe dementia. METHODS Sixty patients were randomly assigned to the experimental (MT and standard care) and control group (standard care only). The experimental group received three cycles of 12 MT sessions each, three times a week. Each cycle of treatment was followed by one month of washout period, while the standard care activities continued over time. RESULTS The impact of the treatment (12 MT sessions) was reliable on NPI global scores, as the interaction Time by Group was significant (F(1,49) = 4.09, p = 0.049). After the end of the treatment the NPI global scores of the experimental and control groups tended to become similar, as both groups worsened (Time effect: F(1,48) = 4.67, p = 0.014) and the difference between them disappeared (F < 1). Interaction Time by Group was not significant. CONCLUSIONS The study confirms that active MT determines a positive response and can amplify and strengthen the efficacy of therapeutic interventions towards people with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raglio
- Sospiro Foundation, Cremona, Italy.
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Bellardita L, Rancati T, Villani D, Marenghi C, Magnani C, Magnani T, Salvioni R, Nicolai N, Villa S, Valdagni R. 758 Predictors of poor quality of life in patients in active surveillance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9056(12)60755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Villani D, Grassi A, Cognetta C, Cipresso P, Toniolo D, Riva G. The effects of a mobile stress management protocol on nurses working with cancer patients: a preliminary controlled study. Stud Health Technol Inform 2012; 173:524-528. [PMID: 22357050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Oncology nurses face extraordinary stresses that may lead to emotional exhaustion, a feeling of emotional distance from patients and burnout. The presentation describes the preliminary results of a study to test the effects of an innovative 4-week 8-session self-help stress management training for oncology nurses supported by mobile tools (Nokia N70 smarthphone). The sample included 16 female oncology nurses with permanent status employed in different oncology hospitals in Milan, Italy. The study used a between-subjects design, comparing the experimental condition (mobile phone stress management protocol) with a control group (neutral videos through mobile phones). In addition to a significant reduction in anxiety state at the end of each session, the experimental group demonstrated a significant improvement in affective change in terms of anxiety trait reduction and coping skills acquisition at the end of the protocol.
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Villani D, Riva G. Does Interactive Media Enhance the Management of Stress? Suggestions from a Controlled Study. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 2012; 15:24-30. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Villani
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Interactive Communication and Ergonomics of New Technologies–ICE-NET Lab., Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Interactive Communication and Ergonomics of New Technologies–ICE-NET Lab., Milan, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology–ATN-P Lab., Milan, Italy
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Amore M, Bertelli M, Villani D, Tamborini S, Rossi M. Olanzapine vs. risperidone in treating aggressive behaviours in adults with intellectual disability: a single blind study. J Intellect Disabil Res 2011; 55:210-218. [PMID: 21129058 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01352.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressive behaviour represents a frequent symptom in people with intellectual disability (PWID). Despite uncertain evidence of effectiveness, the use of antipsychotics (APs) drugs to treat aggressive behaviour is very common. Antipsychotic medication of aggressivity in PWID has recently become one of the most debated issues in mental health and the need of further research is persistently stressed by most researchers. AIM The present study was firstly aimed at evaluating the effectiveness (efficacy on target behaviour, safety and persistence on treatment) of new generation APs, in particular, olanzapine and risperidone in treating aggressive behaviour in PWID for who previous medication with first generation APs (FGAs) were not effective. METHODS 62 subjects with intellectual disability underwent to a 2-arm, parallel group pragmatic trial of olanzapine and risperidone with balanced randomisation and blind assessment of outcome at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks after a switch (cross-tapering) from a 24-week treatment with FGAs. Aggressive behaviours were assessed by Overt Aggression Scale (OAS) and clinical outcome by Clinical Global Impression Scale. Side effects were assessed with Dosage Record and Treatment Emergent Symptoms Scale, other symptom-specific scales, laboratory and instrumental tests. RESULTS Both risperidone and olanzapine resulted to be more effective than FGAs in reducing aggressive behaviour. Repeated-measures analysis of covariance revealed that treatment groups differed for cumulative number of aggressive episodes during the FGAs treatment, which was higher for olanzapine. CONCLUSION Our findings seem to confirm that olanzapine and risperidone can be effective in reducing aggressive behaviour in PWID. Both compounds resulted to be well tolerated, with side effects similar to those encountered in other patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amore
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Raglio A, Bellelli G, Traficante D, Gianotti M, Ubezio MC, Gentile S, Villani D, Trabucchi M. Efficacy of music therapy treatment based on cycles of sessions: a randomised controlled trial. Aging Ment Health 2010; 14:900-4. [PMID: 21069596 DOI: 10.1080/13607861003713158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We undertook a randomised controlled trial to assess whether a music therapy (MT) scheme of administration, including three working cycles of one month spaced out by one month of no treatment, is effective to reduce behavioural disturbances in severely demented patients. Sixty persons with severe dementia (30 in the experimental and 30 in the control group) were enrolled. Baseline multidimensional assessment included demographics, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Barthel Index and Neuropsychiatry Inventory (NPI) for all patients. All the patients of the experimental and control groups received standard care (educational and entertainment activities). In addition, the experimental group received three cycles of 12 active MT sessions each, three times a week. Each 30-min session included a group of three patients. Every cycle of treatment was followed by one month of wash-out. At the end of this study, MT treatment resulted to be more effective than standard care to reduce behavioural disorders. We observed a significant reduction over time in the NPI global scores in both groups (F(7,357) = 9.06, p < 0.001) and a significant difference between groups (F(1,51) = 4.84, p < 0.05) due to a higher reduction of behavioural disturbances in the experimental group at the end of the treatment (Cohen's d = 0.63). The analysis of single NPI items shows that delusions, agitation and apathy significantly improved in the experimental, but not in the control group. This study suggests the effectiveness of MT approach with working cycles in reducing behavioural disorders of severely demented patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raglio
- Sospiro Foundation, Cremona, Italy.
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