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Talreja J, Peng C, Samavati L. MIF modulates p38/ERK phosphorylation via MKP-1 induction in sarcoidosis. iScience 2024; 27:108746. [PMID: 38299032 PMCID: PMC10829885 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a versatile cytokine that influences a variety of cellular processes important for immune regulation and tissue homeostasis. Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease characterized by extensive local inflammation and increased T helper cell mediated cytokines. We have shown that MIF has a modulatory role in cytokine networks in sarcoidosis. We investigated the effect of exogenous MIF on sarcoidosis alveolar macrophages (AMs), CD14+ monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Our results showed that MIF negatively regulates the increased MAPKs (pp38 and pERK1/2) activation by inducing Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP)-1. We found that MIF decreased IL-6 and IL-1β production, increased the percentage of regulatory T-cells (Tregs), and induced IL-1R antagonist (IL-1RA) and IL-10 production. Thus, the results of our study suggest that exogenous MIF modulates MAPK activation by inducing MKP-1and Tregs as well as IL-10 and IL-1RA, and hence plays a modulatory role in immune activation in sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Talreja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University, School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Changya Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University, School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Lobelia Samavati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University, School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Yu Y, Yang A, He X, Wu B, Wu Y, Li Y, Nie S, Xu B, Wang H, Yu G. Soluble epoxide hydrolase deficiency attenuates airway inflammation in COPD via IRE1α/JNK/AP-1 signaling pathway. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:36. [PMID: 37915073 PMCID: PMC10621191 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase (sEH) metabolizes anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and critically affects airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Considering the excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress is associated with the earlier onset of COPD. The role of sEH and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathogenesis of COPD remains unknown. METHOD 16 weeks of cigarette-exposed mice were used to detect the relationship between sEH and endoplasmic reticulum stress in COPD. Human epithelial cells were used in vitro to determine the regulation mechanism of sEH in endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by cigarette smoke. RESULTS sEH deficiency helps reduce emphysema formation after smoke exposure by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress response. sEH deficiency effectively reverses the upregulation of phosphorylation IRE1α and JNK and the nuclear expression of AP-1, alleviating the secretion of inflammatory factors induced by cigarette smoke extract. Furthermore, the treatment with endoplasmic reticulum stress and IRE1α inhibitor downregulated cigarette smoke extract-induced sEH expression and the secretion of inflammatory factors. CONCLUSION sEH probably alleviates airway inflammatory response and endoplasmic reticulum stress via the IRE1α/JNK/AP-1 pathway, which might attenuate lung injury caused by long-term smoking and provide a new pharmacological target for preventing and treating COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ailin Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yunxiao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shan Nie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Haoyan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Ganggang Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Wang M, Pei S, Xie L, Li H, Tang S, Li Y, Chen Z, Liu S, Liu Z. An integrated approach based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, network pharmacology, and molecular docking to study the key effective compounds and mechanism of action of Platycodi Radix in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300398. [PMID: 37688352 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Platycodi Radix (PR) is a valuable herb that is widely used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in clinics. However, the mechanism of action for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remains unclear due to the lack of in vivo studies. Our study established a novel integrated strategy based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, network pharmacology, and molecular docking to systematically analyze the tissue distribution and active compounds of PR in vivo and the therapeutic mechanism of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. First, tissue distribution studies have shown that the lung is the organ with the highest distribution of PR compounds. Subsequently, network pharmacology results showed that the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, interleukin-17 signaling pathway, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway were the critical mechanisms of PR against chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ultimately, molecular docking results showed that the key targets were stably bound to the corresponding active compounds of PR. Our study is of great significance for the screening of the key effective compounds and the study of the mechanism of action in traditional Chinese medicine and provides data to support the further development and utilization of PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuhua Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Luyao Xie
- Chengdu Meishi International School, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanlin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shoufang Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongying Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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4
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Laubhahn K, Schaub B. From preschool wheezing to asthma: Immunological determinants. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e14038. [PMID: 37877843 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Asthma represents a chronic respiratory disease affecting millions of children worldwide. The transition from preschool wheezing to school-age asthma involves a multifaceted interplay of various factors, including immunological aspects in early childhood. These factors include complex cellular interactions among different immune cell subsets, induction of pro-inflammatory mediators and the molecular impact of environmental factors like allergens or viral infections on the developing immune system. Furthermore, the activation of specific genes and signalling pathways during this early phase plays a pivotal role in the manifestation of symptoms and subsequent development of asthma. Early identification of the propensity or risk for asthma development, for example by allergen sensitisation and viral infections during this critical period, is crucial for understanding the transition from wheeze to asthma. Favourable immune regulation during a critical 'window of opportunity' in early childhood can induce persistent changes in immune cell behaviour. In this context, trained immunity, including memory function of innate immune cells, has significant implications for understanding immune responses, potentially shaping long-term immunological outcomes based on early-life environmental exposures. Exploration of these underlying immune mechanisms that drive disease progression will provide valuable insights to understand childhood asthma development. This will be instrumental to develop preventive strategies at different stages of disease development for (i) inhibiting progression from wheeze to asthma or (ii) reducing disease severity and (iii) uncovering novel therapeutic strategies and contributing to more tailored and effective treatments for childhood asthma. In the long term, this shall empower healthcare professionals to develop evidence-based interventions that reduce the burden of asthma for children, families and society overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Laubhahn
- Department of Pulmonary and Allergy, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Member of German Centre for Lung Research - DZL, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bianca Schaub
- Department of Pulmonary and Allergy, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Member of German Centre for Lung Research - DZL, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Zhao M, Wang C, Li P, Sun T, Wang J, Zhang S, Ma Q, Ma F, Shi W, Shi M, Ma Y, Pan Y, Zhang H, Xie X. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the transcriptomic characteristics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in hepatitis B vaccine non-responders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1091237. [PMID: 37593735 PMCID: PMC10431960 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1091237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of a vaccine against hepatitis B has proven to be an important milestone in the prevention of this disease; however, 5%-10% of vaccinated individuals do not generate an immune response to the vaccine, and its molecular mechanism has not been clarified. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from three volunteers with a high immune response (HR) and three with no immune response (NR) to the hepatitis B vaccine. We found that the antigen-presenting activity scores of various antigen-presenting cells, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activity scores of naive B cells, and the cell activity scores of three types of effector T cells were significantly decreased, whereas the cytotoxicity scores of CD3highCD16lowKLRG1high natural killer T (NKT) cells were significantly increased in the NR group compared with those in the HR group. Additionally, the expression levels of some classical molecules associated with distinct signaling pathways-including HLA-B, HLA-DRB5, BLNK, BLK, IL4R, SCIMP, JUN, CEBPB, NDFIP1, and TXNIP-were significantly reduced in corresponding subsets of PBMCs from the NR group relative to those of the HR group. Furthermore, the expression of several cytotoxicity-related effector molecules, such as GNLY, NKG7, GZMB, GZMM, KLRC1, KLRD1, PRF1, CST7, and CTSW, was significantly higher in CD3highCD16lowKLRG1high NKT cells derived from non-responders. Our study provides a molecular basis for the lack of response to the hepatitis B vaccine, including defective antigen presentation, decreased T cell activity, and reduced IL-4 secretion, as well as novel insight into the role of NKT cells in the immune response to the hepatitis B vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meie Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Peiqiang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou Hospital Affiliated with Zhejiang University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qinglong Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fengdie Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenjing Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Maoning Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yapeng Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Tianshui, Tian Shui, Gansu, China
| | - Yunyan Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Virus Laboratory, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Qiao D, Xu X, Zhang Y, Yang J, Brasier AR. RSV replication modifies the XBP1s binding complex on the IRF1 upstream enhancer to potentiate the mucosal anti-viral response. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197356. [PMID: 37564646 PMCID: PMC10411192 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The unfolded protein response (UPR) has emerged as an important signaling pathway mediating anti-viral defenses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection. Earlier we found that RSV replication predominantly activates the evolutionarily conserved Inositol Requiring Enzyme 1α (IRE1α)-X-Box Binding Protein 1 spliced (XBP1s) arm of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) producing inflammation, metabolic adaptation and cellular plasticity, yet the mechanisms how the UPR potentiates inflammation are not well understood. Methods To understand this process better, we examined the genomic response integrating RNA-seq and Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) analyses. These data were integrated with an RNA-seq analysis conducted on RSV-infected small airway cells ± an IRE1α RNAse inhibitor. Results We identified RSV induced expression changes in ~3.2K genes; of these, 279 required IRE1α and were enriched in IL-10/cytokine signaling pathways. From this data set, we identify those genes directly under XBP1s control by CUT&RUN. Although XBP1s binds to ~4.2 K high-confidence genomic binding sites, surprisingly only a small subset of IL10/cytokine signaling genes are directly bound. We further apply CUT&RUN to find that RSV infection enhances XBP1s loading on 786 genomic sites enriched in AP1/Fra-1, RELA and SP1 binding sites. These control a subset of cytokine regulatory factor genes including IFN response factor 1 (IRF1), CSF2, NFKB1A and DUSP10. Focusing on the downstream role of IRF1, selective knockdown (KD) and overexpression experiments demonstrate IRF1 induction controls type I and -III interferon (IFN) and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, demonstrating that ISG are indirectly regulated by XBP1 through IRF1 transactivation. Examining the mechanism of IRF1 activation, we observe that XBP1s directly binds a 5' enhancer sequence whose XBP1s loading is increased by RSV. The functional requirement for the enhancer is demonstrated by targeting a dCas9-KRAB silencer, reducing IRF1 activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation shows that XBP1 is required, but not sufficient, for RSV-induced recruitment of activated phospho-Ser2 Pol II to the enhancer. Discussion We conclude that XBP1s is a direct activator of a core subset of IFN and cytokine regulatory genes in response to RSV. Of these IRF1 is upstream of the type III IFN and ISG response. We find that RSV modulates the XBP1s binding complex on the IRF1 5' enhancer whose activation is required for IRF1 expression. These findings provide novel insight into how the IRE1α-XBP1s pathway potentiates airway mucosal anti-viral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianhua Qiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, United States
| | - Xiaofang Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yueqing Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Allan R. Brasier
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, United States
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Choi YS, Na HG, Bae CH, Song SY, Kim YD. Ghrelin Downregulates Lipopolysaccharide/ Leptin-Induced MUC5AC Expression in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 16:49-58. [PMID: 36177976 PMCID: PMC9985985 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2022.00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity, which induces chronic low-grade systemic inflammation in the human body, is a known risk factor for various diseases. Recent studies have shown associations between various otorhinolaryngological diseases and obesity. In particular, inflammatory sinonasal diseases have been found to be strongly associated with obesity-related proinflammatory mediators. Many studies have been conducted to identify therapeutic agents for controlling obesity-related inflammatory airway diseases. Ghrelin, an endogenous peptide from the stomach, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects in a wide range of tissues. However, the effect of ghrelin on the regulation of mucus secretion has not yet been studied in the human nasal mucosa. Therefore, we investigated the effects of ghrelin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/leptin-mediated MUC5AC expression and mechanisms involved in human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs). METHODS In HNEpCs, the effect and signaling pathways of ghrelin on LPS/leptin-induced MUC5AC expression were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme immunoassays, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a) was expressed in the HNEpCs. Ghrelin downregulated LPS/leptin-induced MUC5AC expression, which was abolished by D-Lys-3-growth hormone-releasing peptide 6 (D-Lys-3-GHRP-6). Ghrelin significantly inhibited LPS/leptin-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). These ghrelin-mediated changes in MAPK activation were abolished by D-Lys-3-GHRP-6. These. RESULTS showed that ghrelin inhibits LPS/leptin-induced MUC5AC overexpression by modulating the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways in HNEpCs. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that ghrelin is a potential therapeutic agent for treating obesity-related inflammatory sinonasal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Seok Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyung Gyun Na
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Bae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Si-Youn Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong-Dae Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.,Regional Center for Respiratory Diseases, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
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Tsai YF, Yang SC, Hsu YH, Chen CY, Chen PJ, Syu YT, Lin CH, Hwang TL. Carnosic acid inhibits reactive oxygen species-dependent neutrophil extracellular trap formation and ameliorates acute respiratory distress syndrome. Life Sci 2022; 321:121334. [PMID: 36587789 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Infiltration of activated neutrophils into the lungs is a hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Neutrophilic inflammation, particularly neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), is proposed as a useful target for treating ARDS. Carnosic acid (CA) is a food additive; however, its anti-neutrophilic activity in the treatment of ARDS has not been well established. The hypothesis of present study is to confirm that CA alleviates ARDS by suppressing neutrophilic inflammation and oxidative damage. MAIN METHODS Generation of superoxide anions and reactive oxygen species (ROS), induction of elastase degranulation, and formation of NETs by human neutrophils were assayed using spectrophotometry, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescent microscopy. Immunoblotting was performed to determine the cellular mechanisms involved. Cell-free radical systems were used to test antioxidant activities. The therapeutic effect of CA was evaluated in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS mouse model. KEY FINDINGS CA greatly reduced superoxide anion production, ROS production, elastase release, cluster of differentiation 11b expression, and cell adhesion in activated human neutrophils. Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that CA suppresses phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase in activated neutrophils. CA effectively scavenges reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, but not superoxide anions. This is consistent with the finding that CA is effective against ROS-dependent NET formation. CA treatment significantly improved pulmonary neutrophil infiltration, oxidative damage, NET formation, and alveolar damage in LPS-induced mice. SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggested the potential application of CA for neutrophil-associated ARDS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Fong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Syu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiung Lin
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Recreation and Holistic Wellness, MingDao University, Changhua 523, Taiwan.
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan.
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9
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Systematic Pharmacology-Based Strategy to Explore the Mechanism of Bufei Huoxue Capsule in the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1129567. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1129567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To explore the effects and mechanisms of Bufei Huoxue Capsule (BHC) on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on network pharmacology. Methods. The effective components and related targets of BHC were collected by searching TCMSP, HERB, and ETCM databases, after which the related targets of COPD were obtained on GeneCards and OMIM databases. The common targets were imported into the STRING database and Cytoscape database to construct a target interaction network and screen core targets. Next, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the Metascape platform. According to the prediction results of network pharmacology, the action mechanism was further examined in an animal model of COPD. The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by HE staining; goblet cells and mucus secretion in lung tissue were observed by AB-PAS staining, airway collagen deposition was observed by Masson staining, and the expression of NE, TGF-β1, P-EGFR/EGFR, P-ERK1/2/ERK1/2, P-JNK/JNK, and P-P38/P38MAPK protein was detected by Western blot analysis. Results. A total of 379 targets related to BHC and 7391 targets related to COPD were obtained, including 313 potential targets of BHC in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with JUN, AKT1, TNF, IL6, EGFR, MAPK1, and MAPK14 as the core targets. Through enrichment analysis, BHC may interfere with COPD by regulating the MAPK signal pathway, HIF-1 signal pathway, NF-κB signal pathway, cAMP signal pathway, cGMP-PKG signal pathway, and so on. Animal experiments showed that the BHC could reduce airway inflammatory cell infiltration, inhibit airway epithelial goblet cell proliferation, reduce mucus secretion, and improve small airway collagen fiber deposition in COPD model rats. Besides, BHC could downregulate the protein expression of NE, TGF-β1, P-EGFR, P-ERK1/2, and P-P38MAPK. Conclusion. BHC can reduce airway inflammation, inhibit mucus hypersecretion, and improve airway remodeling by regulating the MAPK signal transduction pathway.
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10
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Zheng J, Wu Q, Zhang L, Zou Y, Wang M, He L, Guo S. Anti-inflammatory activities of Qingfei oral liquid and its influence on respiratory microbiota in mice with ovalbumin-induced asthma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:911667. [PMID: 36081945 PMCID: PMC9445488 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.911667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of respiratory microbiota is closely related to the pathophysiological processes of asthma, including airway inflammation. Previous studies have shown that Qingfei oral liquid (QF) can alleviate airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness in respiratory syncytial virus-infected asthmatic mice, but its effect on the respiratory microbiota is unknown. We therefore aimed to observe the effects of QF on airway inflammation and respiratory microbiota in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice. We also explored the potential mechanism of QF in reducing airway inflammation by regulating respiratory microbiota. Hematoxylin and eosin as well as periodic acid-Schiff staining were performed to observe the effects of QF on lung pathology in asthmatic mice. Cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimens were also measured. Changes in respiratory microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, followed by taxonomical analysis. In order to verify the metagenomic function prediction results, the expression of key proteins related to the MAPK and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways in the lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. The current study found that QF had a significant anti-inflammatory effect in the airways of asthmatic mice. This is mainly attributed to a reduction in lung pathology changes and regulating cytokine levels in BALF. Analysis of the respiratory microbiota in asthmatic mice showed that the abundance of Proteobacteria at the phylum level and Pseudomonas at the genus level increased significantly and QF could significantly regulate the dysbiosis of respiratory microbiota in asthmatic mice. Metagenomic functional prediction showed that QF can downregulate the MAPK and Nod-like receptor signaling pathways. Immunohistochemical results showed that QF could downregulate the expression of p-JNK, p-P38, NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β, which are all key proteins in the signaling pathway of lung tissue. Our study therefore concluded that QF may reduce airway inflammation in asthmatic mice by regulating respiratory microbiota, and to the possibly downregulate MAPK and Nod-like receptor signaling pathways as its underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Zou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meifen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanmen People’s Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Li He, ; Sheng Guo,
| | - Sheng Guo
- Department of Endocrine, Genetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Li He, ; Sheng Guo,
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11
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Li X, Chen S, Zhang L, Niu G, Zhang X, Yang L, Ji W, Ren L. Coinfection of Porcine Circovirus 2 and Pseudorabies Virus Enhances Immunosuppression and Inflammation through NF-κB, JAK/STAT, MAPK, and NLRP3 Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084469. [PMID: 35457287 PMCID: PMC9029761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) are economically important pathogens in swine. PCV2 and PRV coinfection can cause more severe neurological and respiratory symptoms and higher mortality of piglets. However, the exact mechanism involved in the coinfection of PRV and PCV2 and its pathogenesis remain unknown. Here, porcine kidney cells (PK-15) were infected with PCV2 and/or PRV, and then the activation of immune and inflammatory pathways was evaluated to clarify the influence of the coinfection on immune and inflammatory responses. We found that the coinfection of PCV2 and PRV can promote the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), c-Jun N-terminal protein kinases (JNK), p38, and nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) pathways, thus enhancing the expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interferon-λ1 (IFN-λ1), interferon-stimulated gene (ISG15), interleukin 6 (IL6), and interleukin 1β (IL1β). Meanwhile, PCV2 and PRV also inhibit the expression and signal transduction of IFN-β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. In addition, PCV2 and PRV infection can also weaken extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity. These results indicate that the regulations of cellular antiviral immune responses and inflammatory responses mediated by NF-κB, JAK/STAT, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and NLRP3 pathways, contribute to immune escape of PCV2 and PRV and host antiviral responses.
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12
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Theodorou J, Nowak E, Böck A, Salvermoser M, Beerweiler C, Zeber K, Kulig P, Tsang MS, Wong CK, Wong GWK, Roponen M, Kumbrink J, Alhamdan F, Michel F, Garn H, Tosevski V, Schaub B. Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in childhood asthma development and environment-mediated protection. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13657. [PMID: 34455626 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While childhood asthma prevalence is rising in Westernized countries, farm children are protected. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway with its negative regulator dual-specificity phosphatase-1 (DUSP1) is presumably associated with asthma development. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the role of MAPK signaling in childhood asthma and its environment-mediated protection, including a representative selection of 232 out of 1062 children from two cross-sectional cohorts and one birth cohort study. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from asthmatic and healthy children were cultured upon stimulation with farm-dust extracts or lipopolysaccharide. In subgroups, gene expression was analyzed by qPCR (PBMCs, cord blood) and NanoString technology (dendritic cells). Protein expression of phosphorylated MAPKs was measured by mass cytometry. Histone acetylation was investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Asthmatic children expressed significantly less DUSP1 (p = .006) with reduced acetylation at histone H4 (p = .012) compared with healthy controls. Farm-dust stimulation upregulated DUSP1 expression reaching healthy levels and downregulated inflammatory MAPKs on gene and protein levels (PBMCs; p ≤ .01). Single-cell protein analysis revealed downregulated pMAPKs upon farm-dust stimulation in B cells, NK cells, monocytes, and T-cell subpopulations. CONCLUSION Lower DUSP1 baseline levels in asthmatic children and anti-inflammatory regulation of MAPK in several immune cell types by farm-dust stimulation indicate a regulatory function for DUSP1 for future therapy contributing to anti-inflammatory characteristics of farming environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Theodorou
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children´s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Member of German Center for Lung Research - DZL, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Nowak
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children´s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Böck
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children´s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Salvermoser
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children´s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Beerweiler
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children´s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Zeber
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children´s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paulina Kulig
- Mass Cytometry Facility, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miranda S Tsang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary W K Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marjut Roponen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jörg Kumbrink
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fahd Alhamdan
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Michel
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Holger Garn
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Vinko Tosevski
- Mass Cytometry Facility, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bianca Schaub
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children´s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Member of German Center for Lung Research - DZL, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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13
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Fagone E, Fruciano M, Gili E, Sambataro G, Vancheri C. Developing PI3K Inhibitors for Respiratory Diseases. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:437-466. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Machado TR, Machado TR, Pascutti PG. The p38 MAPK Inhibitors and Their Role in Inflammatory Diseases. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thamires R. Machado
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Dynamics Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Thayná R. Machado
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and QSAR (ModMolQSAR) Faculty of Pharmacy Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Pedro G. Pascutti
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Dynamics Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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15
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Mitochondrial-Targeting Antioxidant SS-31 Suppresses Airway Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Cigarette Smoke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6644238. [PMID: 34221235 PMCID: PMC8219423 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6644238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether the mitochondrial-targeted peptide SS-31 can protect against cigarette smoke- (CS-) induced airway inflammation and oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Mice were exposed to CS for 4 weeks to establish a CS-induced airway inflammation model, and those in the experimental group were pretreated with SS-31 1 h before CS exposure. Pathologic changes and oxidative stress in lung tissue, inflammatory cell counts, and proinflammatory cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were examined. The mechanistic basis for the effects of SS-31 on CS extract- (CSE-) induced airway inflammation and oxidative stress was investigated using BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells and by RNA sequencing and western blot analysis of lung tissues. SS-31 attenuated CS-induced inflammatory injury of the airway and reduced total cell, neutrophil, and macrophage counts and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, interleukin- (IL-) 6, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 levels in BALF. SS-31 also attenuated CS-induced oxidative stress by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and increasing that of superoxide dismutase (SOD). It also reversed CS-induced changes in the expression of mitochondrial fission protein (MFF) and optic atrophy (OPA) 1 and reduced the amount of cytochrome c released into the cytosol. Pretreatment with SS-31 normalized TNF-α, IL-6, and MMP9 expression, MDA and SOD activities, and ROS generation in CSE-treated BEAS-2B cells and reversed the changes in MFF and OPA1 expression. RNA sequencing and western blot analysis showed that SS-31 inhibited CS-induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Thus, SS-31 alleviates CS-induced airway inflammation and oxidative stress via modulation of mitochondrial function and regulation of MAPK signaling and thus has therapeutic potential for the treatment of airway disorders caused by smoking.
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16
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Tao Y, Sun Y, Wu B, Xu D, Yang J, Gu L, Du C. Overexpression of FOXA2 attenuates cigarette smoke-induced cellular senescence and lung inflammation through inhibition of the p38 and Erk1/2 MAPK pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107427. [PMID: 33571746 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by irreversible and progressive airflow limitation and encompasses varying degrees of chronic obstructive bronchitis and emphysema. Our previous study showed that Forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) is involved in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced squamous metaplasia. However, the contribution of FOXA2 activity to CS-induced cellular senescence and lung inflammation remains largely unknown. Here, we report that FOXA2 was underexpressed in CS-exposed mouse lungs, and decreased expression of FOXA2 was related to cell senescence and inflammation. Subsequent investigation suggested that FOXA2 is an anti-senescence factor in lung that is involved in inflammatory responses. Furthermore, FOXA2 overexpression delayed CSE-induced senescence and inflammation, which correlated with regulation of the p38 and Erk1/2 MAPK signaling pathways by CSE-induced FOXA2 downregulation. Collectivelly, these findings reveal a protective role for FOXA2 as a regulator of cell senescence and inflammation during COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiu Tao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China
| | - Yingxin Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China
| | - Donghui Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China
| | - Liang Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China
| | - Chunling Du
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China.
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17
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Dynamic blood single-cell immune responses in patients with COVID-19. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:110. [PMID: 33677468 PMCID: PMC7936231 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is an ongoing global health emergency. However, the virus’ pathogenesis remains unclear, and there is no cure for the disease. We investigated the dynamic changes of blood immune response in patients with COVID-19 at different stages by using 5’ gene expression, T cell receptor (TCR), and B cell receptors (BCR) V(D)J transcriptome analysis at a single-cell resolution. We obtained single-cell mRNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of 341,420 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and 185,430 clonotypic T cells and 28,802 clonotypic B cells from 25 samples of 16 patients with COVID-19 for dynamic studies. In addition, we used three control samples. We found expansion of dendritic cells (DCs), CD14+ monocytes, and megakaryocytes progenitor cells (MP)/platelets and a reduction of naïve CD4+ T lymphocytes in patients with COVID-19, along with a significant decrease of CD8+ T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells (NKs) in patients in critical condition. The type I interferon (IFN-I), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and ferroptosis pathways were activated while the disease was active, and recovered gradually after patient conditions improved. Consistent with this finding, the mRNA level of IFN-I signal-induced gene IFI27 was significantly increased in patients with COVID-19 compared with that of the controls in a validation cohort that included 38 patients and 35 controls. The concentration of interferon-α (IFN-α) in the serum of patients with COVID-19 increased significantly compared with that of the controls in an additional cohort of 215 patients with COVID-19 and 106 controls, further suggesting the important role of the IFN-I pathway in the immune response of COVID-19. TCR and BCR sequences analyses indicated that patients with COVID-19 developed specific immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Our study reveals a dynamic landscape of human blood immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, providing clues for therapeutic potentials in treating COVID-19.
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18
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Quiros Roldan E, Biasiotto G, Magro P, Zanella I. The possible mechanisms of action of 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine) against Sars-Cov-2 infection (COVID-19): A role for iron homeostasis? Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104904. [PMID: 32430286 PMCID: PMC7217799 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The anti-malarial drugs chloroquine (CQ) and primarily the less toxic hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are currently used to treat autoimmune diseases for their immunomodulatory and anti-thrombotic properties. They have also been proposed for the treatment of several viral infections, due to their anti-viral effects in cell cultures and animal models, and, currently, for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (Sars-Cov-2) infection that is spreading all over the world. Although in some recent studies a clinical improvement in COVID-19 patients has been observed, the clinical efficacy of CQ and HCQ in COVID-19 has yet to be proven with randomized controlled studies, many of which are currently ongoing, also considering pharmacokinetics, optimal dosing regimen, therapeutic level and duration of treatment and taking into account patients with different severity degrees of disease. Here we review what is currently known on the mechanisms of action of CQ and HCQ as anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic drugs and discuss the up-to-date experimental evidence on the potential mechanisms of action of CQ/HCQ in Sars-Cov2 infection and the current clinical knowledge on their efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Given the role of iron in several human viral infections, we also propose a different insight into a number of CQ and HCQ pharmacological effects, suggesting a potential involvement of iron homeostasis in Sars-Cov-2 infection and COVID-19 clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Quiros Roldan
- University Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Biasiotto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Section, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Magro
- University Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Isabella Zanella
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Section, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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19
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Gao K, Song YP, Du X, Chen H, Zhao LT. Exploring multiple mechanisms of Qingjie Fanggan prescription for prevention and treatment of influenza based on systems pharmacology. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 88:107307. [PMID: 32622176 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is a type of acute disease characterized by strong contagiousness and short incubation period, which have posed a large potential threat to public health. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) advocates to the aim of combating complex diseases from a holistic view, which has shown effectiveness in anti-influenza. However, the mechanism of TCM prescription remains puzzling. Here, we applied a system pharmacology approach to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms of Qingjie Fanggan prescription (QFP) in the prevention and treatment of influenza. In this study, we identified 228 potential active compounds by means of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) evaluation system and literature research. Then, the targets of the potential active compounds were predicted by using the WES (Weighted Ensemble Similarity) method, and the influenza-related targets were obtained according to some existing gene databases. Next, an herb-component-target network was constructed to further dissect the multi-directional therapeutic approach for QFP. Meanwhile, we also performed gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation analysis on 344 potential targets. Finally, a target-pathway network was constructed to further dissect the core pathways and targets in treatment of influenza for QFP. And the key components and targets were docked by AutoDock Vina to explore their binding mode. All of these demonstrated that QFP had multi-scale curative activity in regulating influenza-related biological processes, which facilitates the application of traditional medicine in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Gao
- Pharmacy College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Ping Song
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xia Du
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Pharmacy College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin-Tao Zhao
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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20
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Pulido R, Lang R. Dual Specificity Phosphatases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Biological Function. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184372. [PMID: 31489884 PMCID: PMC6770836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pulido
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Roland Lang
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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21
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Zhang C, He X, Murphy SR, Zhang H, Wang S, Ge Y, Gao W, Williams JM, Geurts AM, Roman RJ, Fan F. Knockout of Dual-Specificity Protein Phosphatase 5 Protects Against Hypertension-Induced Renal Injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:206-217. [PMID: 31118214 PMCID: PMC6636243 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.258954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity protein phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) is a member of the tyrosine-threonine phosphatase family with the ability to dephosphorylate and inactivate extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK). The present study investigates whether knockout (KO) of Dusp5 improves renal hemodynamics and protects against hypertension-induced renal injury. The renal expression of DUSP5 was reduced, and the levels of phosphorylated (p) ERK1/2 and p-protein kinase C (PKC) α were elevated in the KO rats. KO of Dusp5 enhanced the myogenic tone of the renal afferent arteriole and interlobular artery in vitro with or without induction of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension. Inhibition of ERK1/2 and PKC diminished the myogenic response to a greater extent in Dusp5 KO rats. Autoregulation of renal blood flow was significantly impaired in hypertensive wild-type (WT) rats but remained intact in Dusp5 KO animals. Proteinuria was markedly decreased in hypertensive KO versus WT rats. The degree of glomerular injury was reduced, and the expression of nephrin in the glomerulus was higher in hypertensive Dusp5 KO rats. Renal fibrosis and medullary protein cast formation were attenuated in hypertensive Dusp5 KO rats in association with decreased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, transforming growth factor-β1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, and MMP9. These results indicate that KO of Dusp5 protects against hypertension-induced renal injury, at least in part, by maintaining the myogenic tone of the renal vasculature and extending the range of renal blood flow autoregulation to higher pressures, which diminish glomerular injury, protein cast formation, macrophage infiltration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in the kidney. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Dual-specificity protein phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) is a tyrosine-threonine phosphatase that inactivates extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK). We previously reported that knockout (KO) of Dusp5 enhanced the myogenic response and autoregulation in the cerebral circulation. The present study investigates whether KO of DUSP5 improves renal hemodynamics and protects against hypertension-induced renal injury. Downregulation of DUSP5 enhanced the myogenic tone of renal arteriole and artery and autoregulation of renal blood flow in association with reduced proteinuria, glomerular injury, and interstitial fibrosis after the induction of hypertension. Inhibition of ERK1/2 and protein kinase C diminished the myogenic response to a greater extent in Dusp5 KO rats. These results suggest that DUSP5 might be a viable drug target for the treatment of hypertension nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center. Jackson, Mississippi (C.Z., X.H., S.R.M., H.Z., S.W., Y.G., W.G., J.M.W., R.J.R., F.F.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China (C.Z., W.G.); and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.M.G.)
| | - Xiaochen He
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center. Jackson, Mississippi (C.Z., X.H., S.R.M., H.Z., S.W., Y.G., W.G., J.M.W., R.J.R., F.F.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China (C.Z., W.G.); and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.M.G.)
| | - Sydney R Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center. Jackson, Mississippi (C.Z., X.H., S.R.M., H.Z., S.W., Y.G., W.G., J.M.W., R.J.R., F.F.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China (C.Z., W.G.); and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.M.G.)
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center. Jackson, Mississippi (C.Z., X.H., S.R.M., H.Z., S.W., Y.G., W.G., J.M.W., R.J.R., F.F.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China (C.Z., W.G.); and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.M.G.)
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center. Jackson, Mississippi (C.Z., X.H., S.R.M., H.Z., S.W., Y.G., W.G., J.M.W., R.J.R., F.F.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China (C.Z., W.G.); and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.M.G.)
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center. Jackson, Mississippi (C.Z., X.H., S.R.M., H.Z., S.W., Y.G., W.G., J.M.W., R.J.R., F.F.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China (C.Z., W.G.); and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.M.G.)
| | - Wenjun Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center. Jackson, Mississippi (C.Z., X.H., S.R.M., H.Z., S.W., Y.G., W.G., J.M.W., R.J.R., F.F.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China (C.Z., W.G.); and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.M.G.)
| | - Jan M Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center. Jackson, Mississippi (C.Z., X.H., S.R.M., H.Z., S.W., Y.G., W.G., J.M.W., R.J.R., F.F.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China (C.Z., W.G.); and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.M.G.)
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center. Jackson, Mississippi (C.Z., X.H., S.R.M., H.Z., S.W., Y.G., W.G., J.M.W., R.J.R., F.F.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China (C.Z., W.G.); and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.M.G.)
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center. Jackson, Mississippi (C.Z., X.H., S.R.M., H.Z., S.W., Y.G., W.G., J.M.W., R.J.R., F.F.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China (C.Z., W.G.); and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.M.G.)
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center. Jackson, Mississippi (C.Z., X.H., S.R.M., H.Z., S.W., Y.G., W.G., J.M.W., R.J.R., F.F.); Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai, China (C.Z., W.G.); and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin (A.M.G.)
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