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Yang B, Tang G, Wang M, Ni Y, Tong J, Hu C, Zhou M, Jiao K, Li Z. Trimethylamine N-oxide induces non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by activating the PERK. Toxicol Lett 2024; 400:93-103. [PMID: 39153559 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disease causing different progressive pathological changes. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a product of gut microbiota metabolism, is a specific agonist of the protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) pathway, one of the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathways. TMAO has been associated with the occurrence and development of NAFLD based on the results of previous studies, but whether the simple consumption of TMAO can directly induce NAFLD and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. To investigate this question, we constructed an animal model in which adult male zebrafish were fed a controlled diet containing 1 % or 3 % TMAO for 20 weeks. Eventually, we observed that TMAO caused lipid accumulation, inflammatory infiltration, liver injury and liver fibrosis in zebrafish livers; meanwhile, the PERK signaling pathway was activated in the zebrafish livers. This finding was further confirmed in HepG2 cells and hepatic stellate cells models. In conclusion, this study found that TMAO directly induced different pathological states of NAFLD in zebrafish liver, and the activation of PERK pathway is an important mechanism, which may provide crucial strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingmo Yang
- Suqian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, China
| | - Guomin Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Mengting Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yifan Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jiali Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Kailin Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
| | - Zhong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Cheng TY, Lee TW, Li SJ, Lee TI, Chen YC, Kao YH, Higa S, Chen PH, Chen YJ. Short-chain fatty acid butyrate against TMAO activating endoplasmic-reticulum stress and PERK/IRE1-axis with reducing atrial arrhythmia. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00332-1. [PMID: 39111622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The accumulation of microbiota-derived trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the atrium is linked to the development and progression of atrial arrhythmia. Butyrate, a major short-chain fatty acid, plays a crucial role in sustaining intestinal homeostasis and alleviating systemic inflammation, which may reduce atrial arrhythmogenesis. OBJECTIVES This study explored the roles of butyrate in regulating TMAO-mediated atrial remodeling and arrhythmia. METHODS Whole-cell patch clamp experiments, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry were used to analyze electrical activity and signaling, respectively, in TMAO-treated HL-1 atrial myocytes with or without sodium butyrate (SB) administration. Telemetry electrocardiographic recording and echocardiography and Masson's trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry were employed to examine atrial function and histopathology, respectively, in mice treated with TMAO with and without SB administration. RESULTS Compared with control cells, TMAO-treated HL-1 myocytes exhibited reduced action potential duration (APD), elevated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium content, larger L-type calcium current (ICa-L), increased Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) current, and increased potassium current. However, the combination of SB and TMAO resulted in similar APD, SR calcium content, ICa-L, transient outward potassium current (Ito), and ultrarapid delayed rectifier potassium current (IKur) compared with controls. Additionally, TMAO-treated HL-1 myocytes exhibited increased activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling, along with increased PKR-like ER stress kinase (PERK)/IRE1α axis activation and expression of phospho-IP3R, NCX, and Kv1.5, compared with controls or HL-1 cells treated with the combination of TMAO and SB. TMAO-treated mice exhibited atrial ectopic beats, impaired atrial function, increased atrial fibrosis, and greater activation of ER stress signaling with PERK/IRE1α axis activation compared with controls and mice treated with TMAO combined with SB. CONCLUSION TMAO administration led to PERK/IRE1α axis activation, which may increase atrial remodeling and arrhythmogenesis. SB treatment mitigated TMAO-elicited ER stress. This finding suggests that SB administration is a valuable strategy for treating TMAO-induced atrial arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yu Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Jung Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ting-I Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Satoshi Higa
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Makiminato Central Hospital, 1199 Makiminato, Urasoe, Okinawa 901-2131, Japan
| | - Pao-Huan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Qin D, Pan P, Lyu B, Chen W, Gao Y. Lupeol improves bile acid metabolism and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in mice via FXR signaling pathway and gut-liver axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116942. [PMID: 38889641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has a multifactorial and complex pathogenesis. Notably, the disorder of Bile acid (BA) metabolism and lipid metabolism-induced lipotoxicity are the main risk factors of MASLD. Lupeol, traditional regional medicine from Xinjiang, has a long history of use for its anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immune-modulating properties. Recent research suggests its potential as a therapeutic option for MASLD due to its proposed binding capacity to the nuclear BA receptor, Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), hence could represent a therapeutic option for MASLD. In this study, a natural triterpenoid drug lupeol improved BA metabolism and MASLD in mice through the FXR signaling pathway and the gut-liver axis. Furthermore, lupeol effectively restored gut healthiness and improved intestinal immunity, barrier integrity, and inflammation, as indicated by the reconstructed gut flora. Compared with fenofibrate (Feno), lupeol treatment significantly reduced weight gain, fat deposition, and liver injury, decreased serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels, and alleviated hepatic steatosis and liver inflammation. BA analysis showed that lupeol treatment accelerated BA efflux and decreased uptake of BA by increasing hepatic FXR and bile salt export pump (BSEP) expression. Gut microbiota alterations could be related to enhanced fecal BA excretion in lupeol-treated mice. Therefore, consumption of lupeol may prevent HFD-induced MASLD and BA accumulation, possibly via the FXR signaling pathway and regulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Peiyan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Bo Lyu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.
| | - Weijun Chen
- Xinjiang Second Medical College, Karamay 834000, China.
| | - Yuefeng Gao
- College of Applied Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Sanmenxia 472000, China.
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Fogacci F, Giovannini M, Di Micoli V, Grandi E, Borghi C, Cicero AFG. Effect of Supplementation of a Butyrate-Based Formula in Individuals with Liver Steatosis and Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:2454. [PMID: 39125336 PMCID: PMC11313833 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Postbiotics could exert different metabolic activities in animal models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and in humans affected by metabolic syndrome. This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial that enrolled a sample of 50 Caucasian healthy individuals with NAFLD, defined as liver steatosis, and metabolic syndrome. After a 4-week run-in, the enrolled individuals were randomized to take a food for special medical purposes with functional release, one tablet a day, containing calcium butyrate (500 mg/tablet), zinc gluconate (zinc 5 mg/tablet), and vitamin D3 (500 IU/tablet), or an identical placebo for 3 months. Liver and metabolic parameters were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. No subject experienced any adverse events during the trial. In both groups, a significant decrease in total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) plasma levels was observed at the randomization visit vs. pre-run-in visit (p < 0.05). Regarding liver parameters, after treatment, the fatty liver index (FLI) improved significantly vs. baseline values (p < 0.05) and vs. placebo group (p < 0.05) in the active treatment group, and the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) improved significantly vs. baseline values (p < 0.05). Moreover, after active treatment, TC, TG, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gGT) improved significantly vs. baseline values (p < 0.05), and TC and TG improved vs. placebo group (p < 0.05), as well. In the placebo group, liver parameters remained unchanged after treatment; only TG improved significantly vs. baseline values (p < 0.05). In our study, we observed that the butyrate-based formula improved FLI and plasma lipid patterns in individuals affected by liver steatosis and metabolic syndrome.
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Maleki Sedgi F, Mohammad Hosseiniazar M, Alizadeh M. The effects of replacing ghee with rapeseed oil on liver steatosis and enzymes, lipid profile, insulin resistance and anthropometric measurements in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1985-1996. [PMID: 38501177 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a prevalent hepatic condition worldwide, is expected to develop into the leading reason for end-stage fatty liver in the forthcoming decades. Incorporating rapeseed oil into a balanced diet may be beneficial in improving NAFLD. The goal of this trial was to evaluate the impact of substituting ghee with rapeseed oil on primary outcomes such as fatty liver and liver enzymes, as well as on secondary outcomes including glycaemic variables, lipid profile and anthropometric measurements in individuals with NAFLD. Over 12 weeks, 110 patients (seventy men and forty women; BMI (mean) 28·2 (sd 1·6 kg/m2); mean age 42 (sd 9·6) years), who daily consumed ghee, were assigned to the intervention or control group through random allocation. The intervention group was advised to substitute ghee with rapeseed oil in the same amount. The control group continued the consumption of ghee and was instructed to adhere to a healthy diet. Results showed a significant reduction in the steatosis in the intervention group in comparison with the control group (P < 0·001). However, a significant change in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (–14·4 μg/l), γ-glutamyl transferase (–1·8 μg/l), TAG (–39·7 mg/dl), total cholesterol (–17·2 mg/dl), LDL (–7·5 mg/dl), fasting blood glucose (–7·5 mg/dl), insulin (–3·05 mU/l), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (–0·9), Quantitative Insulin-Sensitivity Check Index (+0·01), weight (–4·3 kg), BMI (–0·04 kg/m2), waist (–5·6 cm) and waist:height ratio (–0·04) was seen in the intervention group. The consumption of rapeseed oil instead of ghee caused improvements in liver steatosis and enzymes, glycaemic variables and anthropometric measurements among individuals with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Maleki Sedgi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Shakhshir M, Zyoud SH. Mapping global research trends: Nutrition associations with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease - a Scopus bibliometric analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:3106-3119. [PMID: 38983957 PMCID: PMC11230064 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i24.3106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several bibliometric analyses have been carried out to identify research hotspots and trends in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) research. Nonetheless, there are still significant knowledge gaps that must be filled to advance our understanding of and ability to treat NAFLD. AIM To evaluate, through bibliometric and visual analysis, the current status of related research, related research frontiers, and the developmental trends in the field of diet and NAFLD. METHODS We retrieved publications about diet and NAFLD published between 1987 and 2022 from Scopus. Next, we used VOSviewer 1.6.20 to perform bibliometric analysis and visualization. RESULTS We found a total of 1905 studies, including 1637 (85.93%) original articles and 195 (10.24%) reviews, focused on the examination of NAFLD and its correlation with diet that were published between 1987 and 2022. Among the remaining five types of documents, 38 were letters, notes, editorials, meeting minutes, or brief surveys, representing 1.99% of the total documents. The countries with the most publications on this topic were China (n = 539; 28.29%), followed by the United States (n = 379; 19.90%), Japan (n = 133; 6.98%), and South Korea (n = 127; 6.6%). According to the citation analysis, the retrieved papers were cited an average of 32.3 times and had an h-index of 106, with 61014 total citations. The two main clusters on the map included those related to: (1) Inflammation and oxidative stress; and (2) Dietary interventions for NAFLD. CONCLUSION This was the first study to use data taken from Scopus to visualize network mapping in a novel bibliometric analysis of studies focused on diet and NAFLD. After 2017, the two domains that received the most attention were "dietary interventions for NAFL"' and "'inflammation and oxidative stress implicated in NAFLD and its correlation with diet." We believe that this study provides important information for academics, dietitians, and doctors, and that additional research on dietary interventions and NAFLD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Shakhshir
- Department of Nutrition, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus 44839, Palestine
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, Palestine
| | - Sa'ed H Zyoud
- Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, Palestine
- Poison Control and Drug Information Center, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, Palestine
- Clinical Research Center, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus 44839, Palestine
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Deng Y, Hu M, Huang S, Fu N. Molecular mechanism and therapeutic significance of essential amino acids in metabolically associated fatty liver disease. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 126:109581. [PMID: 38219809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also known as metabolically associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is a systemic metabolic disease characterized by lipid accumulation in the liver, lipid toxicity, insulin resistance, intestinal dysbiosis, and inflammation that can progress from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and even cirrhosis or cancer. It is the most prevalent illness threatening world health. Currently, there are almost no approved drug interventions for MAFLD, mainly dietary changes and exercise to control weight and regulate metabolic disorders. Meanwhile, the metabolic pathway involved in amino acid metabolism also influences the onset and development of MAFLD in the body, and most amino acid metabolism takes place in the liver. Essential amino acids are those amino acids that must be supplemented from outside the diet and that cannot be synthesized in the body or cannot be synthesized at a rate sufficient to meet the body's needs, including leucine, isoleucine, valine (collectively known as branched-chain amino acids), tryptophan, phenylalanine (which are aromatic amino acids), histidine, methionine, threonine and lysine. The metabolic balance of the body is closely linked to these essential amino acids, and essential amino acids are closely linked to the pathophysiological process of MAFLD. In this paper, we will focus on the metabolism of essential amino acids in the body and further explore the therapeutic strategies for MAFLD based on the studies conducted in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Deng
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China
| | - Mengsi Hu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China
| | - Shufang Huang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China.
| | - Nian Fu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China; The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China.
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Rodríguez-Negrete EV, Morales-González Á, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Sánchez-Reyes K, Álvarez-González I, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Valadez-Vega C, Chamorro-Cevallos G, Garcia-Melo LF, Morales-González JA. Phytochemicals and Their Usefulness in the Maintenance of Health. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:523. [PMID: 38498532 PMCID: PMC10892216 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is the immune system's first biological response to infection, injury, or irritation. Evidence suggests that the anti-inflammatory effect is mediated by the regulation of various inflammatory cytokines, such as nitric oxide, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor alpha-α, interferon gamma-γ, as well as the non-cytokine mediator, prostaglandin E2. Currently, the mechanism of action and clinical usefulness of phytochemicals is known; their action on the activity of cytokines, free radicals, and oxidative stress. The latter are of great relevance in the development of diseases, such that the evidence collected demonstrates the beneficial effects of phytochemicals in maintaining health. Epidemiological evidence indicates that regular consumption of fruits and vegetables is related to a low risk of developing cancer and other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Victoria Rodríguez-Negrete
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City C.P. 11340, Mexico;
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional ”A. López Mateos”, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Osiris Madrigal-Santillán
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City C.P. 11340, Mexico;
| | - Karina Sánchez-Reyes
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (I.Á.-G.); (E.M.-B.)
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (I.Á.-G.); (E.M.-B.)
| | - Carmen Valadez-Vega
- Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42080, Mexico;
| | - German Chamorro-Cevallos
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Preclínica, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City C.P. 07738, Mexico;
| | - Luis Fernando Garcia-Melo
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología e Ingeniería Molecular, Área Electroquímica, Departamento de Química, CBI, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico;
| | - José A. Morales-González
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City C.P. 11340, Mexico;
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Ye J, Gong M, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Zhao J. Effects of Fermented Extracts of Wuniuzao Dark Loose Tea on Hepatic Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein Pathway and Gut Microbiota Disorder in Obese Mice. J Nutr 2024; 154:626-637. [PMID: 38110182 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificially fermented dark loose tea is a type of novel dark tea prepared via fermentation by Eurotium cristatum. The effects of artificially fermented dark loose tea on lipid metabolism are still unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore if artificially fermented dark loose tea has the same effects as naturally fermented dark loose tea in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism. METHODS Thirty-six 8-wk-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups, including normal control (NC), high-fat diet (HFD), positive control (PC), Wuniuzao dark raw tea (WDT), Wuniuzao naturally fermented dark loose tea (NFLT), and Wuniuzao artificially fermented dark loose tea (AFLT) groups. The HFD, PC, WDT, NFLT, and AFLT groups were fed a HFD. The PC group was supplemented with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg). The WDT group was supplemented with WDT (300 mg/kg), the NFLT group with NFLT (300 mg/kg), and the AFLT group with AFLT (300 mg/kg). RESULTS The study compared the effect of WDT, NFLT, and AFLT on liver steatosis and gut microbiota disorder in obese mice. All 3 tea extracts reduced body weight, glucose tolerance, and serum lipid concentrations. Via sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-mediated lipid metabolism, all 3 tea extracts alleviated hepatic steatosis in mice with obesity. Furthermore, NFLT and AFLT intervened in the abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Clostridia, Muribaculaceae, and Lachnospiraceae. CONCLUSION In mice with obesity induced by a HFD, WDT, NFLT, and AFLT may improve hepatic steatosis through an SREBP-mediated lipid metabolism. Moreover, NFLT and AFLT improved the composition of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangcheng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Food Nutrition and Quality Safety, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingxiu Gong
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Food Nutrition and Quality Safety, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Food Nutrition and Quality Safety, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Food Nutrition and Quality Safety, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Food Nutrition and Quality Safety, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Gruzdev SK, Podoprigora IV, Gizinger OA. Immunology of gut microbiome and liver in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): mechanisms, bacteria, and novel therapeutic targets. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:62. [PMID: 38216746 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world. Most important contributors to its development are diet and obesity. Gut microbiome's importance for immune system and inflammatory pathways more widely accepted as an important component in NAFLD and other liver diseases' pathogenesis. In this article we review potential mechanisms of microbiome alteration of local and systemic immune responses leading to NAFLD's development, and how can modulate them for the treatment. Our review mentions different immune system pathways and microorganisms regulating metabolism, liver inflammation and fibrosis. We specifically point out TLR-4 as a potential key immune pathway activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides producing pro-inflammatory cytokines in NAFLD. Also, we discuss three endotoxin-producing strains (Enterobacter cloacae B29, Escherichia coli PY102, Klebsiella pneumoniae A7) that can promote NAFLD development via TLR4-dependent immune response activation in animal models and how they potentially contribute to disease progression in humans. Additionally, we discuss their other immune and non-immune mechanisms contributing to NAFLD pathogenesis. In the end we point out gut microbiome researches' future perspective in NAFLD as a potential new target for both diagnostic and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Konstantinovich Gruzdev
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, Moscow, 117198, Russia.
| | - Irina Viktorovna Podoprigora
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Oksana Anatolievna Gizinger
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, Moscow, 117198, Russia
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11
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Zhu Z, Xu Y, Xia Y, Jia X, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhang L, Chai H, Sun L. Review on chronic metabolic diseases surrounding bile acids and gut microbiota: What we have explored so far. Life Sci 2024; 336:122304. [PMID: 38016578 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Bile acid, the final product of cholesterol breakdown, functions as a complex regulator and signaling factor in human metabolism. Chronic metabolic diseases pose significant medical challenges. Growing research underscores bile acids' capacity to enhance metabolism via diverse pathways, regulating disorders and offering treatment potential. Numerous bile-acid-triggered pathways have become treatment targets. This review outlines bile acid synthesis, its role as a signal in chronic metabolic diseases, and highlights its interaction with gut microbiota in different metabolic conditions. Exploring host-bacteria-bile acid links emerges as a valuable future research direction with clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzheng Zhu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuemiao Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Xia
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinru Jia
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyue Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leyin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chai
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leitao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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12
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Jadhav PA, Thomas AB, Nanda RK, Chitlange SS. Unveiling the role of gut dysbiosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 35:1324-1333. [PMID: 37823422 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial complicated condition, reflected by the accumulation of extra fat in the liver. A detailed study of literature throws light on the fascinating connection between gut dysbiosis and NAFLD. The term 'gut dysbiosis' describes an imbalance in the harmony and operation of the gut microflora, which can upshoot a number of metabolic disorders. To recognize the underlying mechanisms and determine treatment options, it is essential to comprehend the connection between gut dysbiosis and NAFLD. This in-depth review discusses the normal gut microflora composition and its role in health, alterations in the gut microflora composition that leads to disease state focusing on NAFLD. The potential mechanisms influencing the advent and aggravation of NAFLD suggested disturbance of microbial metabolites, changes in gut barrier integrity, and imbalances in the composition of the gut microflora. Furthermore, it was discovered that gut dysbiosis affected immune responses, liver inflammation, and metabolic pathways, aggravating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranali A Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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13
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Fa P, Ke BG, Dupre A, Tsung A, Zhang H. The implication of neutrophil extracellular traps in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1292679. [PMID: 38022519 PMCID: PMC10652891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an expanding worldwide health concern, and the underlying mechanisms contributing to its progression still need further exploration. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are intricate formations comprised of nuclear constituents and diverse antimicrobial granules that are released into the extracellular milieu by activated neutrophils upon various triggers, which play a pivotal part in the onset and advancement of NAFLD. NETs actively participate in the genesis of NAFLD by fostering oxidative stress and inflammation, ultimately resulting in hepatic fat accumulation and the escalation of liver injury. Recent insights into the interaction with other hepatic immune populations and mediators, such as macrophages and T regulatory cells, have revealed several important mechanisms that can trigger further liver injury. In conclusion, the formation of NETs emerged as an important factor in the development of NAFLD, offering a promising target for innovative therapeutic approaches against this debilitating condition. This comprehensive review seeks to compile existing studies exploring the involvement of NETs in the genesis of NAFLD and their influence on the immune response throughout the progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyan Fa
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Benjamin G. Ke
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Abigail Dupre
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Hongji Zhang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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14
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Mu J, Lin Q, Liang Y. An update on the effects of food-derived active peptides on the intestinal microecology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11625-11639. [PMID: 35791779 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2094889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microecology is a research hotspot, and neologisms related to the gut such as gut-brain axis, gut-lung axis, gut-bone axis, gut-skin axis, gut-renal axis, and gut-liver axis have emerged from recent research. Meticulous investigation has discovered that food-derived active peptides (FDAPs) are bioactive substances that optimize the structure of the gut microbiota to improve human health. However, few reviews have summarized and emphasized the nutritional value of FDAPs and their mechanisms of action in regulating the composition of the gut microbiota. We aim to provide an update on the latest research on FDAPs by comparing, summarizing, and discussing the potential food sources of FDAPs, their physiological functions, and regulatory effects on the intestinal microecology. The key findings are that few studies have analyzed the potential mechanisms and molecular pathways through which FDAPs maintain intestinal microecological homeostasis. We found that an imbalance in the ratio of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the gut microbiota and abnormal production of short-chain fatty acids are key to the occurrence and development of various diseases. This review provides theoretical support for future comprehensive research on the digestion, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of FDAPs and the mechanisms underlying the interactions between FDAPs and the intestinal microecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Mu
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-Product Deep Processing/College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-Product Deep Processing/College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-Product Deep Processing/College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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15
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Cao X, Zolnikova O, Maslennikov R, Reshetova M, Poluektova E, Bogacheva A, Zharkova M, Ivashkin V. Low Short-Chain-Fatty-Acid-Producing Activity of the Gut Microbiota Is Associated with Hypercholesterolemia and Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Metabolic-Associated (Non-Alcoholic) Fatty Liver Disease. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2023; 5:464-473. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord5040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) activity of the gut microbiota of patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The level and spectrum of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined via gas–liquid chromatography. Liver fibrosis was assessed using the FIB-4 index and elastography. Among 42 non-cirrhotic MAFLD patients, 24 had high fecal SCFA levels (group H) and 18 had low fecal SCFA levels (group L). Patients in group H had lower serum uric acid, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol levels but a higher BMI than those in group L. All patients in group L and only 37.9% of those in group H were found to have hypercholesterolemia. In patients with hypercholesterolemia, the level of SCFAs was lower than that in patients without hypercholesterolemia. Patients in group H had less liver fibrosis than patients in group L. A total of 50.0% of the patients in group H and 92.3% of those in group L had significant liver fibrosis (≥F2). Patients with significant liver fibrosis had lower levels of fecal SCFAs—particularly acetate and butyrate. The fecal SCFA levels were positively correlated with gamma-glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin levels, BMI, and platelet count and were negatively correlated with FIB-4, liver stiffness, serum total, and LDL cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Oksana Zolnikova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Roman Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- The Interregional Public Organization “Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome”, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Maria Reshetova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- The Interregional Public Organization “Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome”, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Arina Bogacheva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Maria Zharkova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
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16
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Liu X, Shao Y, Han L, Zhang R, Chen J. Emerging Evidence Linking the Liver to the Cardiovascular System: Liver-derived Secretory Factors. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1246-1255. [PMID: 37577236 PMCID: PMC10412704 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recently, accumulating evidence has revealed hepatic mediators, termed as liver-derived secretory factors (LDSFs), play an important role in regulating CVDs such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, thrombosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, metabolic cardiomyopathy, arterial hypertension, and pulmonary hypertension. LDSFs presented here consisted of microbial metabolite, extracellular vesicles, proteins, and microRNA, they are primarily or exclusively synthesized and released by the liver, and have been shown to exert pleiotropic actions on cardiovascular system. LDSFs mainly target vascular endothelial cell, vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages and platelets, and further modulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide, endothelial function, energy metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and dystrophic calcification. Although some LDSFs are known to be detrimental/beneficial, controversial findings were also reported for many. Therefore, more studies are required to further explore the causal relationships between LDSFs and CVDs and uncover the exact mechanisms, which is expected to extend our understanding of the crosstalk between the liver and cardiovascular system and identify potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, in the case of patients with liver disease, awareness should be given to the implications of these abnormalities in the cardiovascular system. These studies also underline the importance of early recognition and intervention of liver abnormalities in the practice of cardiovascular care, and a multidisciplinary approach combining hepatologists and cardiologists would be more preferable for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yijia Shao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linjiang Han
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruyue Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jimei Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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17
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Saxami G, Kerezoudi EN, Eliopoulos C, Arapoglou D, Kyriacou A. The Gut-Organ Axis within the Human Body: Gut Dysbiosis and the Role of Prebiotics. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2023. [PMID: 37895405 PMCID: PMC10608660 DOI: 10.3390/life13102023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota (GM) is a complex microbial ecosystem that colonises the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and is comprised of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. The GM has a symbiotic relationship with its host that is fundamental for body homeostasis. The GM is not limited to the scope of the GIT, but there are bidirectional interactions between the GM and other organs, highlighting the concept of the "gut-organ axis". Any deviation from the normal composition of the GM, termed "microbial dysbiosis", is implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Only a few studies have demonstrated a relationship between GM modifications and disease phenotypes, and it is still unknown whether an altered GM contributes to a disease or simply reflects its status. Restoration of the GM with probiotics and prebiotics has been postulated, but evidence for the effects of prebiotics is limited. Prebiotics are substrates that are "selectively utilized by host microorganisms, conferring a health benefit". This study highlights the bidirectional relationship between the gut and vital human organs and demonstrates the relationship between GM dysbiosis and the emergence of certain representative diseases. Finally, this article focuses on the potential of prebiotics as a target therapy to manipulate the GM and presents the gaps in the literature and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Saxami
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (E.N.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Evangelia N. Kerezoudi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (E.N.K.); (A.K.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Christos Eliopoulos
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Demeter, L. Sof. Venizelou 1, 14123 Lykovryssi, Greece; (C.E.); (D.A.)
| | - Dimitrios Arapoglou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Demeter, L. Sof. Venizelou 1, 14123 Lykovryssi, Greece; (C.E.); (D.A.)
| | - Adamantini Kyriacou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (E.N.K.); (A.K.)
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Mijangos-Trejo A, Nuño-Lambarri N, Barbero-Becerra V, Uribe-Esquivel M, Vidal-Cevallos P, Chávez-Tapia N. Prebiotics and Probiotics: Therapeutic Tools for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14918. [PMID: 37834367 PMCID: PMC10573697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the gut-liver axis and changes in the gut microbiome are among the risk factors for the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). These patients show increased bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine and impaired intestinal permeability. Therefore, therapeutic options such as probiotics or prebiotics have been investigated to modulate intestinal microbiota composition to improve NAFLD. Most in vivo and in vitro probiotic studies have focused on reducing hepatic fat accumulation. The beneficial effects of probiotics on NAFLD have been demonstrated in animal models, and the most widely used microorganisms are those of the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera. In animal models, probiotics help restore the intestinal microbiota and improve the integrity of the intestinal barrier. This narrative review summarizes published evidence and the likely benefits of probiotics and prebiotics as a therapeutic option for patients with NAFLD.
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Mihuta MS, Paul C, Borlea A, Roi CM, Pescari D, Velea-Barta OA, Mozos I, Stoian D. Connections between serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), a gut-derived metabolite, and vascular biomarkers evaluating arterial stiffness and subclinical atherosclerosis in children with obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1253584. [PMID: 37850094 PMCID: PMC10577381 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1253584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Childhood obesity leads to early subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness. Studying biomarkers like trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), linked to cardio-metabolic disorders in adults, is crucial to prevent long-term cardiovascular issues. Methods The study involved 70 children aged 4 to 18 (50 obese, 20 normal-weight). Clinical examination included BMI, waist measurements, puberty stage, the presence of acanthosis nigricans, and irregular menstrual cycles. Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by measuring the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and the arterial stiffness was evaluated through surrogate markers like the pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx), and peripheral and central blood pressures. The blood biomarkers included determining the values of TMAO, HOMA-IR, and other usual biomarkers investigating metabolism. Results The study detected significantly elevated levels of TMAO in obese children compared to controls. TMAO presented positive correlations to BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio and was also observed as an independent predictor of all three parameters. Significant correlations were observed between TMAO and vascular markers such as CIMT, PWV, and peripheral BP levels. TMAO independently predicts CIMT, PWV, peripheral BP, and central SBP levels, even after adding BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, puberty development and age in the regression model. Obese children with high HOMA-IR presented a greater weight excess and significantly higher vascular markers, but TMAO levels did not differ significantly from the obese with HOMA-IR Conclusion Our study provides compelling evidence supporting the link between serum TMAO, obesity, and vascular damage in children. These findings highlight the importance of further research to unravel the underlying mechanisms of this connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Simina Mihuta
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Center of Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Corina Paul
- Department of Pediatrics, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Borlea
- Center of Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Mihaela Roi
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Center of Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Denisa Pescari
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana-Alexandra Velea-Barta
- 3rd Department of Odontotherapy and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences—Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dana Stoian
- Center of Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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20
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Bernabeu M, Gharibzahedi SMT, Ganaie AA, Macha MA, Dar BN, Castagnini JM, Garcia-Bonillo C, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Altintas Z, Barba FJ. The potential modulation of gut microbiota and oxidative stress by dietary carotenoid pigments. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37691412 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2254383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating the response to immune checkpoint therapy, therefore modulation of the microbiome with bioactive molecules like carotenoids might be a very effective strategy to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. This review highlights the bio-functional effect of carotenoids on Gut Microbiota modulation based on a bibliographic search of the different databases. The methodology given in the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) has been employed for developing this review using papers published over two decades considering keywords related to carotenoids and gut microbiota. Moreover, studies related to the health-promoting properties of carotenoids and their utilization in the modulation of gut microbiota have been presented. Results showed that there can be quantitative changes in intestinal bacteria as a function of the type of carotenoid. Due to the dependency on several factors, gut microbiota continues to be a broad and complex study subject. Carotenoids are promising in the modulation of Gut Microbiota, which favored the appearance of beneficial bacteria, resulting in the protection of villi and intestinal permeability. In conclusion, it can be stated that carotenoids may help to protect the integrity of the intestinal epithelium from pathogens and activate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Bernabeu
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda, Burjassot, Burjassot, València, Spain
- Vicerectorat de Recerca, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Maths, Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Materials Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arsheed A Ganaie
- Watson Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Basharat N Dar
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Juan M Castagnini
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda, Burjassot, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | | | | | - Zeynep Altintas
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Maths, Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Materials Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda, Burjassot, Burjassot, València, Spain
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Xu R, Vatsalya V, He L, Ma X, Feng W, McClain CJ, Zhang X. Altered urinary tryptophan metabolites in alcohol-associated liver disease. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:1665-1676. [PMID: 37431708 PMCID: PMC10782820 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) leads to millions of deaths worldwide annually. A few potential biomarkers of ALD have been discovered through metabolomic or proteomic analysis. Tryptophan (Trp), one of nine essential amino acids, has been extensively studied and shown to play significant roles in many mammalian physiological processes. However, Trp metabolism changes in ALD are not yet fully understood. Whereas urine is an abundant and non-invasive source for disease biomarker discovery the current study investigated whether the abundance of Trp metabolites in the urine of ALD patients differs from that of healthy subjects. We also examined whether, if present in ALD, changes in urinary Trp metabolites can serve as markers for differentiating between mild/moderate and severe ALD. METHODS We quantified the concentration of Trp and its metabolites in urine samples of healthy controls (n = 18), patients with mild or moderate alcohol-related liver injury (non-severe ALD; n = 21), and patients with severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (severe AH; n = 25) using both untargeted and targeted metabolomics. RESULTS Eighteen Trp metabolites were identified and quantified from the untargeted metabolomics data. We developed a targeted metabolomics method to quantify the Trp and its metabolites and quantified 17 metabolites from the human urine samples. The data acquired in the untargeted and targeted platforms agreed and showed that the Trp concentration is not affected by the severity of ALD. However, the abundance of 10 Trp metabolites was correlated with the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, with the abundance of nine metabolites significantly different between the healthy control and ALD patient groups. CONCLUSION We found that Trp metabolism differs between ALD patients and healthy controls even though the concentration of Trp was not affected. Two Trp metabolites, quinolinic acid and indoxyl sulfate, correlate highly with the severity of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raobo Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
- University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
- Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
| | - Vatsalya Vatsalya
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
| | - Liqing He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
- University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
- Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
| | - Xipeng Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
- University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
- Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
| | - Wenke Feng
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
- University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
| | - Craig J. McClain
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
- University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
- Robley Rex Louisville VAMC, Louisville, KY 40292, U.S.A
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
- University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
- Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A
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22
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Shalaby N, Samocha-Bonet D, Kaakoush NO, Danta M. The Role of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome in Liver Disease. Pathogens 2023; 12:1087. [PMID: 37764895 PMCID: PMC10536540 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a major global health problem leading to approximately two million deaths a year. This is the consequence of a number of aetiologies, including alcohol-related, metabolic-related, viral infection, cholestatic and immune disease, leading to fibrosis and, eventually, cirrhosis. No specific registered antifibrotic therapies exist to reverse liver injury, so current treatment aims at managing the underlying factors to mitigate the development of liver disease. There are bidirectional feedback loops between the liver and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract via the portal venous and biliary systems, which are mediated by microbial metabolites, specifically short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids. The interaction between the liver and the gastrointestinal microbiome has the potential to provide a novel therapeutic modality to mitigate the progression of liver disease and its complications. This review will outline our understanding of hepatic fibrosis, liver disease, and its connection to the microbiome, which may identify potential therapeutic targets or strategies to mitigate liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Shalaby
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, St Vincent’s Healthcare Campus, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Dorit Samocha-Bonet
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, St Vincent’s Healthcare Campus, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Clinical Insulin Resistance Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Nadeem O. Kaakoush
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Mark Danta
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, St Vincent’s Healthcare Campus, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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23
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Ramadan NM, Barbosa PO, Abo El-Magd NF, Eraky SM, Al-Gayyar MMH. Editorial: Hepatic insulin resistance and related obesity: highlighting the ameliorative role of nutraceuticals, dietary intervention, and pharmaceuticals. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1266168. [PMID: 37614313 PMCID: PMC10442511 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1266168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nehal M. Ramadan
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Priscila O. Barbosa
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Nada F. Abo El-Magd
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Salma M. Eraky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M. H. Al-Gayyar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Cai J, Dong J, Chen D, Ye H. The effect of synbiotics in patients with NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023; 16:17562848231174299. [PMID: 37388120 PMCID: PMC10302525 DOI: 10.1177/17562848231174299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the highest incidence of chronic liver disease worldwide, seriously endangering human health, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. In the recent years, increasing evidence has shown that intestinal flora plays an important role in the occurrence and development of NAFLD. Synbiotics can alter gut microbiota and may be a treatment option for NAFLD in the future. Objectives To systematically investigate the therapeutic effect of synbiotic supplementation on NAFLD patients. Design A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Data sources and methods We conducted a search on four databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies were then screened, and data from the included studies were extracted, combined, and analyzed. Result This study analyzed 10 randomized controlled trials involving 634 patients with NAFLD. The results showed that synbiotic supplementation could significantly reduce the level of alanine aminotransferase (mean difference (MD) = -8.80; (95% CI [-13.06, -4.53]), p < 0.0001), aspartate aminotransferase (MD = -9.48; 95% CI [-12.54, -6.43], p < 0.0001), and γ-glutamyl transferase (MD = -12.55; 95% CI [-19.40, -5.69], p = 0.0003) in NAFLD patients. In the field of metabolism, synbiotic supplementation could significantly reduce the level of total cholesterol (MD = -11.93; 95% CI [-20.43, -3.42], p = 0.006) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD = -16.2; 95% CI [-19.79, -12.60], p < 0.0001) and increase the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD = 1.56; 95% CI [0.43, 2.68], p = 0.007) in NAFLD patients. In addition, synbiotic supplementation could significantly reduce liver stiffness measurement indicator (MD = -1.09; 95% CI [-1.87, -0.30], p = 0.006) and controlled attenuation parameter indicator (MD = -37.04; 95% CI [-56.78, -17.30], p = 0.0002) in NAFLD patients. Conclusion Based on the current evidence, synbiotic supplementation can improve liver function, adjust lipid metabolism, and reduce the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD, but these effects need to be confirmed by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Cai
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Dong
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dahua Chen
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Ye
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, People’s Republic of China
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25
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El-Baz AM, El-Ganiny AM, Hellal D, Anwer HM, El-Aziz HAA, Tharwat IE, El-Adawy MA, Helal SEDM, Mohamed MTA, Azb TM, Elshafaey HM, Shalata AA, Elmeligi SM, Abdelbary NH, El-Kott AF, Al-Saeed FA, Salem ET, El-Sokkary MMA, Shata A, Shabaan AA. Valuable effects of lactobacillus and citicoline on steatohepatitis: role of Nrf2/HO-1 and gut microbiota. AMB Express 2023; 13:57. [PMID: 37291355 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a more dangerous form of chronic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In the current investigation, the influence of citicoline on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NASH was examined, both alone and in combination with Lactobacillus (probiotic). NASH was induced by feeding HFD (10% sugar, 10% lard stearin, 2% cholesterol, and 0.5% cholic acid) to rats for 13 weeks and received single i.p. injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 30 mg/kg) after 4 weeks. Citicoline was given at two dose levels (250 mg and 500 mg, i.p.) at the beginning of the sixth week, and in combination with an oral suspension of Lactobacillus every day for eight weeks until the study's conclusion. HFD/STZ induced steatohepatitis as shown by histopathological changes, elevated serum liver enzymes, serum hyperlipidemia and hepatic fat accumulation. Moreover, HFD convinced oxidative stress by increased lipid peroxidation marker (MDA) and decreased antioxidant enzymes (GSH and TAC). Upregulation of TLR4/NF-kB and the downstream inflammatory cascade (TNF-α, and IL-6) as well as Pentaraxin, fetuin-B and apoptotic markers (caspase-3 and Bax) were observed. NASH rats also had massive increase in Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium spp., E. coli, Clostridium spp., Providencia spp., Prevotella interrmedia, and P. gingivalis while remarkable drop in Bifidobacteria spp. and Lactobacillus spp. Co-treatment with citicoline alone and with Lactobacillus improve histopathological NASH outcomes and reversed all of these molecular pathological alterations linked to NASH via upregulating the expression of Nrf2/HO-1 and downregulating TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathways. These results suggest that citicoline and lactobacillus may represent new hepatoprotective strategies against NASH progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M El-Baz
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Mansoura, Dakahlia, P.O. Box +11152, Egypt.
| | - Amira M El-Ganiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Doaa Hellal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hala M Anwer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Hend A Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim E Tharwat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Adawy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Shehab El-Din M Helal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Menna Tallah A Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Tassnim M Azb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Hanya M Elshafaey
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - AbdulRahman A Shalata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Sahar M Elmeligi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Noran H Abdelbary
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, Damanhour University, 22511, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Fatimah A Al-Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman T Salem
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Horus University-Egypt, 34518, Horus, New Damietta, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Shata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Shabaan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 11152, Gamasa, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
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26
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Li M, Cheng D, Peng C, Huang Y, Geng J, Huang G, Wang T, Xu A. Therapeutic mechanisms of the medicine and food homology formula Xiao-Ke-Yin on glucolipid metabolic dysfunction revealed by transcriptomics, metabolomics and microbiomics in mice. Chin Med 2023; 18:57. [PMID: 37202792 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, the prevalence of metabolic diseases, particularly diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has increased dramatically, causing great public health and economic burdens worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) serves as an effective therapeutic choice. Xiao-Ke-Yin (XKY) is a medicine and food homology TCM formula consisting of nine "medicine and food homology" herbs and is used to ameliorate metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and NAFLD. However, despite its therapeutic potential in metabolic disorders, the underlying mechanisms of this TCM remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of XKY on glucolipid metabolism dysfunction and explore the potential mechanisms in db/db mice. METHODS To verify the effects of XKY, db/db mice were treated with different concentrations of XKY (5.2, 2.6 and 1.3 g/kg/d) and metformin (0.2 g/kg/d, a hypoglycemic positive control) for 6 weeks, respectively. During this study, we detected the body weight (BW) and fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), daily food intake and water intake. At the end of the animal experiment, blood samples, feces, liver and intestinal tissue of mice in all groups were collected. The potential mechanisms were investigated by using hepatic RNA sequencing, 16 S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiota and metabolomics analysis. RESULTS XKY efficiently mitigated hyperglycemia, IR, hyperlipidemia, inflammation and hepatic pathological injury in a dose dependent manner. Mechanistically, hepatic transcriptomic analysis showed that XKY treatment significantly reversed the upregulated cholesterol biosynthesis which was further confirmed by RT-qPCR. Additionally, XKY administration maintained intestinal epithelial homeostasis, modulated gut microbiota dysbiosis, and regulated its metabolites. In particular, XKY decreased secondary bile acid producing bacteria (Clostridia and Lachnospircaeae) and lowered fecal secondary bile acid (lithocholic acid (LCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA)) levels to promote hepatic bile acid synthesis by inhibiting the LCA/DCA-FXR-FGF15 signalling pathway. Furthermore, XKY regulated amino acid metabolism including arginine biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and tryptophan metabolism likely by increasing Bacilli, Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus, and decreasing Clostridia, Lachnospircaeae, Tannerellaceae and Parabacteroides abundances. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings demonstrate that XKY is a promising "medicine food homology" formula for ameliorating glucolipid metabolism and reveal that the therapeutic effects of XKY may due to its downregulation of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis and modulation of the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Peng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujiao Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guangrui Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Anlong Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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27
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Lopez-Escalera S, Lund ML, Hermes GDA, Choi BSY, Sakamoto K, Wellejus A. In Vitro Screening for Probiotic Properties of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Strains in Assays Relevant for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Prevention. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102361. [PMID: 37242245 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial metabolic disorder that poses health challenges worldwide and is expected to continue to rise dramatically. NAFLD is associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and impaired gut health. Increased gut permeability, caused by disturbance of tight junction proteins, allows passage of damaging microbial components that, upon reaching the liver, have been proposed to trigger the release of inflammatory cytokines and generate cellular stress. A growing body of research has suggested the utilization of targeted probiotic supplements as a preventive therapy to improve gut barrier function and tight junctions. Furthermore, specific microbial interactions and metabolites induce the secretion of hormones such as GLP-1, resulting in beneficial effects on liver health. To increase the likelihood of finding beneficial probiotic strains, we set up a novel screening platform consisting of multiple in vitro and ex vivo assays for the screening of 42 bacterial strains. Analysis of transepithelial electrical resistance response via co-incubation of the 42 bacterial strains with human colonic cells (Caco-2) revealed improved barrier integrity. Then, strain-individual metabolome profiling was performed revealing species-specific clusters. GLP-1 secretion assay with intestinal secretin tumor cell line (STC-1) found at least seven of the strains tested capable of enhancing GLP-1 secretion in vitro. Gene expression profiling in human biopsy-derived intestinal organoids was performed using next generation sequencing transcriptomics post bacterial co-incubation. Here, different degrees of immunomodulation by the increase in certain cytokine and chemokine transcripts were found. Treatment of mouse primary hepatocytes with selected highly produced bacterial metabolites revealed that indole metabolites robustly inhibited de novo lipogenesis. Collectively, through our comprehensive bacterial screening pipeline, not previously ascribed strains from both Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera were proposed as potential probiotics based on their ability to increase epithelial barrier integrity and immunity, promote GLP-1 secretion, and produce metabolites relevant to liver health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lopez-Escalera
- Human Health Research, Scientific Affairs, Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
- Fakultät für Biowissenschaften, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Bachstraβe 18K, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Mari L Lund
- Human Health Research, Scientific Affairs, Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Gerben D A Hermes
- Human Health Research, Scientific Affairs, Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Béatrice S-Y Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Wellejus
- Human Health Research, Scientific Affairs, Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
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28
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Qin L, Wu J, Sun X, Huang X, Huang W, Weng C, Cai J. The regulatory role of metabolic organ-secreted factors in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1119005. [PMID: 37180779 PMCID: PMC10169694 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1119005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat in the liver, which is becoming a major global health problem, affecting about a quarter of the population. In the past decade, mounting studies have found that 25%-40% of NAFLD patients have cardiovascular disease (CVD), and CVD is one of the leading causes of death in these subjects. However, it has not attracted enough awareness and emphasis from clinicians, and the underlying mechanisms of CVD in NAFLD patients remain unclear. Available research reveals that inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and glucose and lipid metabolism disorders play indispensable roles in the pathogenesis of CVD in NAFLD. Notably, emerging evidence indicates that metabolic organ-secreted factors, including hepatokines, adipokines, cytokines, extracellular vesicles, and gut-derived factors, are also involved in the occurrence and development of metabolic disease and CVD. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the role of metabolic organ-secreted factors in NAFLD and CVD. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the relationship between metabolic organ-secreted factors and NAFLD as well as CVD, which is beneficial for clinicians to comprehensive and detailed understanding of the association between both diseases and strengthen management to improve adverse cardiovascular prognosis and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chunyan Weng
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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29
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Daniel N, Genua F, Jenab M, Mayén AL, Chrysovalantou Chatziioannou A, Keski-Rahkonen P, Hughes DJ. The role of the gut microbiome in the development of hepatobiliary cancers. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00390. [PMID: 37055022 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepatobiliary cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma and cancers of the biliary tract, share high mortality and rising incidence rates. They may also share several risk factors related to unhealthy western-type dietary and lifestyle patterns as well as increasing body weights and rates of obesity. Recent data also suggest a role for the gut microbiome in the development of hepatobiliary cancer and other liver pathologies. The gut microbiome and the liver interact bidirectionally through the "gut-liver axis," which describes the interactive relationship between the gut, its microbiota, and the liver. Here, we review the gut-liver interactions within the context of hepatobiliary carcinogenesis by outlining the experimental and observational evidence for the roles of gut microbiome dysbiosis, reduced gut barrier function, and exposure to inflammatory compounds as well as metabolic dysfunction as contributors to hepatobiliary cancer development. We also outline the latest findings regarding the impact of dietary and lifestyle factors on liver pathologies as mediated by the gut microbiome. Finally, we highlight some emerging gut microbiome editing techniques currently being investigated in the context of hepatobiliary diseases. Although much work remains to be done in determining the relationships between the gut microbiome and hepatobiliary cancers, emerging mechanistic insights are informing treatments, such as potential microbiota manipulation strategies and guiding public health advice on dietary/lifestyle patterns for the prevention of these lethal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Daniel
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Conway Institute, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Flavia Genua
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Conway Institute, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Ana-Lucia Mayén
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Pekka Keski-Rahkonen
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - David J Hughes
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Conway Institute, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Liu AN, Xu CF, Liu YR, Sun DQ, Jiang L, Tang LJ, Zhu PW, Chen SD, Liu WY, Wang XD, Targher G, Byrne CD, Wong VWS, Fu J, Su MM, Loomba R, Zheng MH, Ni Y. Secondary bile acids improve risk prediction for non-invasive identification of mild liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 57:872-885. [PMID: 36670060 PMCID: PMC10792530 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated bile acid (BA) metabolism has been linked to steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). AIM To determine whether circulating BA levels accurately stage liver fibrosis in NAFLD. METHODS We recruited 550 Chinese adults with biopsy-proven NAFLD and varying levels of fibrosis. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was performed to quantify 38 serum BAs. RESULTS Compared to those without fibrosis, patients with mild fibrosis (stage F1) had significantly higher levels of secondary BAs, and increased diastolic blood pressure (DBP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), body mass index, and waist circumstance (WC). The combination of serum BAs with WC, DBP, ALT, or Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance performed well in identifying mild fibrosis, in men and women, and in those with/without obesity, with AUROCs 0.80, 0.88, 0.75 and 0.78 in the training set (n = 385), and 0.69, 0.80, 0.61 and 0.69 in the testing set (n = 165), respectively. In comparison, the combination of BAs and clinical/biochemical biomarkers performed less well in identifying significant fibrosis (F2-4). In women and in non-obese subjects, AUROCs were 0.75 and 0.71 in the training set, 0.65 and 0.66 in the validation set, respectively. However, these AUROCs were higher than those observed for the fibrosis-4 index, NAFLD fibrosis score, and Hepamet fibrosis score. CONCLUSIONS Secondary BA levels were significantly increased in NAFLD, especially in those with mild fibrosis. The combination of serum BAs and clinical/biochemical biomarkers for identifying mild fibrosis merits further assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Na Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cui-Fang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Ru Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Qin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Jie Tang
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pei-Wu Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sui-Dan Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen-Yue Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for the Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Christopher D. Byrne
- Southampton National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton & University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junfen Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Ming Su
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Shanghai Keyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for the Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Ni
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Repurposing FDA-approved drugs as FXR agonists: a structure based in silico pharmacological study. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:231090. [PMID: 35348180 PMCID: PMC9977715 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) modulates the expression of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis and inflammatory processes. This nuclear receptor is likely a tumor suppressor in several cancers, but its molecular mechanism of suppression is still under study. Several studies reported that FXR agonism increases the survival of colorectal, biliary tract, and liver cancer patients. In addition, FXR expression was shown to be down-regulated in many diseases such as obesity, irritable bowel syndrome, glomerular inflammation, diabetes, proteinuria, and ulcerative colitis. Therefore, development of novel FXR agonists may have significant potential in the prevention and treatment of these diseases. In this scenario, computer-aided drug design procedures can be resourcefully applied for the rapid identification of promising drug candidates. In the present study, we applied the molecular docking method in conjunction with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to find out potential agonists for FXR based on structural similarity with the drug that is currently used as FXR agonist, obeticholic acid. Our results showed that alvimopan and montelukast could be used as potent FXR activators and outperform the binding affinity of obeticholic acid by forming stable conformation with the protein in silico. However, further investigational studies and validations of the selected drugs are essential to figure out their suitability for preclinical and clinical trials.
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Jiang X, Yang Q, Qu H, Chen Y, Zhu S. Endogenous n-3 PUFAs Improve Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through FFAR4-Mediated Gut-Liver Crosstalk. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030586. [PMID: 36771292 PMCID: PMC9919706 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-liver axis plays a key role in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Due to the complexity and incomplete understanding of the cross-talk between the gut and liver, effective therapeutic targets are largely unknown. Free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) may bridge the cross-talk between the gut and liver. FFAR4 has received considerable attention due to its important role in lipid metabolism. However, the role of FFAR4 in this cross talk in NAFLD remains unclear. In this study, mice with high endogenous n-3 PUFAs but FFAR4 deficiency were generated by crossbreeding Fat-1 and FFAR4 knockout mice. FFAR4 deficiency blocked the protective effects of high endogenous n-3 PUFAs on intestinal barrier dysfunction and hepatic steatosis. In addition, FFAR4 deficiency decreased gut microbiota diversity and enriched Rikenella, Anaerotruncus, and Enterococcus, and reduced Dubosiella, Ruminococcaceae UCG-010, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002, Faecalibaculum, Ruminococcaceae UCG-009, and Akkermansia. Notably, FFAR4 deficiency co-regulated pantothenic acid and CoA biosynthesis, β-alanine metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism pathways in the gut and liver, potentially associated with the aggravation of NAFLD. Together, the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs on the gut and liver were mediated by FFAR4, providing insights on the role of FFAR4 in the treatment of NAFLD through the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Jiang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hongyan Qu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yongquan Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and School of Translational Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shenglong Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and School of Translational Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Ahmed LA, Al-Massri KF. Gut Microbiota Modulation for Therapeutic Management of Various Diseases: A New Perspective Using Stem Cell Therapy. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:43-59. [PMID: 35196976 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220222105004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysbiosis has been linked to various diseases ranging from cardiovascular, neurologic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and metabolic illnesses to cancer. Restoring of gut microbiota balance represents an outstanding clinical target for the management of various multidrug-resistant diseases. Preservation of gut microbial diversity and composition could also improve stem cell therapy which now has diverse clinical applications in the field of regenerative medicine. Gut microbiota modulation and stem cell therapy may be considered a highly promising field that could add up towards the improvement of different diseases, increasing the outcome and efficacy of each other through mutual interplay or interaction between both therapies. Importantly, more investigations are required to reveal the cross-talk between microbiota modulation and stem cell therapy to pave the way for the development of new therapies with enhanced therapeutic outcomes. This review provides an overview of dysbiosis in various diseases and their management. It also discusses microbiota modulation via antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplant to introduce the concept of dysbiosis correction for the management of various diseases. Furthermore, we demonstrate the beneficial interactions between microbiota modulation and stem cell therapy as a way for the development of new therapies in addition to limitations and future challenges regarding the applications of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled F Al-Massri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Palestine, Gaza, Palestine
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Wang T, Xu ZH. Natural Compounds with Aldose Reductase (AR) Inhibition: A Class of Medicative Agents for Fatty Liver Disease. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2023; 26:1929-1944. [PMID: 36655533 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230119101011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fatty liver disease (FLD), which includes both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALD), is a worldwide health concern. The etiology of ALD is long-term alcohol consumption, while NAFLD is defined as an abnormal amount of lipid present in liver cells, which is not caused by alcohol intake and has recently been identified as a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and obesity). Inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolic dysregulation are all known to play a role in FLD progression. Alternative and natural therapies are desperately needed to treat this disease since existing pharmaceuticals are mostly ineffective. The aldose reductase (AR)/polyol pathway has recently been shown to play a role in developing FLD by contributing to inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fat accumulation. Herein, we review the effects of plantderived compounds capable of inhibiting AR in FLD models. Natural AR inhibitors have been found to improve FLD in part by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and steatosis via the regulation of several critical pathways, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) pathway, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, etc. This review revealed that natural compounds with AR inhibitory effects are a promising class of therapeutic agents for FLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Hui Xu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Yang S, Yu D, Liu J, Qiao Y, Gu S, Yang R, Chai X, Wang W. Global publication trends and research hotspots of the gut-liver axis in NAFLD: A bibliometric analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1121540. [PMID: 36967792 PMCID: PMC10034112 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1121540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease(NAFLD)refers to a spectrum of diseases ranging from simple liver steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Bidirectional cross-talk between the gut-liver axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. To learn more about the gut-liver axis in NAFLD, this study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis from a bibliometric perspective. METHOD Literature related to the gut-liver axis in NAFLD from 1989 to 2022 was extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection. Based on Microsoft Excel, CiteSpace and Vosviewer, we conducted to analyze the number of publications, countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords. RESULTS A total of 1,891 literature since 2004 was included, with the rapid growth of the number of papers on the gut-liver axis in NAFLD annually. These publications were mainly from 66 countries and 442 institutions. Of the 638 authors analyzed, Bernd Schnabl was the one with the most publications, and Patrice D. Cani was the one with the most co-citations. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is the journal with the most articles published, and Hepatology is the journal with the most citations. The most common keywords are gut microbiota, inflammation, and insulin instance, which are current research hotspots. Short-chain fatty acid, in vitro, randomized controlled trial in clinical, and diabetes mellitus represent the research frontiers in this field and are in a stage of rapid development. CONCLUSION This is the first study to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of publications related to the gut-liver axis in NAFLD. This study reveals that gut microbiota, inflammation, insulin resistance, short-chain fatty acids, and randomized controlled trial will be the hotspots and new trends in the gut-liver axis in NAFLD research, which could provide researchers with key research information in this field and is helpful for further exploration of new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjie Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Deshuai Yu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Pukou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfang Qiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxiao Gu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Yang, ; Xinlou Chai, ; Wei Wang,
| | - Xinlou Chai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Yang, ; Xinlou Chai, ; Wei Wang,
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Yang, ; Xinlou Chai, ; Wei Wang,
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Microbiota Dysbiosis and Gut Barrier Dysfunction Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Are Modulated by a Specific Metabolic Cofactors' Combination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213675. [PMID: 36430154 PMCID: PMC9692973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut is a selective barrier that not only allows the translocation of nutrients from food, but also microbe-derived metabolites to the systemic circulation that flows through the liver. Microbiota dysbiosis occurs when energy imbalances appear due to an unhealthy diet and a sedentary lifestyle. Dysbiosis has a critical impact on increasing intestinal permeability and epithelial barrier deterioration, contributing to bacterial and antigen translocation to the liver, triggering non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression. In this study, the potential therapeutic/beneficial effects of a combination of metabolic cofactors (a multi-ingredient; MI) (betaine, N-acetylcysteine, L-carnitine, and nicotinamide riboside) against NAFLD were evaluated. In addition, we investigated the effects of this metabolic cofactors' combination as a modulator of other players of the gut-liver axis during the disease, including gut barrier dysfunction and microbiota dysbiosis. Diet-induced NAFLD mice were distributed into two groups, treated with the vehicle (NAFLD group) or with a combination of metabolic cofactors (NAFLD-MI group), and small intestines were harvested from all animals for histological, molecular, and omics analysis. The MI treatment ameliorated gut morphological changes, decreased gut barrier permeability, and reduced gene expression of some proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, epithelial cell proliferation and the number of goblet cells were increased after MI supplementation. In addition, supplementation with the MI combination promoted changes in the intestinal microbiota composition and diversity, as well as modulating short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations in feces. Taken together, this specific combination of metabolic cofactors can reverse gut barrier disruption and microbiota dysbiosis contributing to the amelioration of NAFLD progression by modulating key players of the gut-liver axis.
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Yang K, Chen J, Zhang T, Yuan X, Ge A, Wang S, Xu H, Zeng L, Ge J. Efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenol supplementation in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:949746. [PMID: 36159792 PMCID: PMC9500378 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary polyphenol treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a novel direction, and the existing clinical studies have little effective evidence for its therapeutic effect, and some studies have inconsistent results. The effectiveness of dietary polyphenols in the treatment of NAFLD is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of oral dietary polyphenols in patients with NAFLD. Methods The literature (both Chinese and English) published before 30 April 2022 in PubMed, Cochrane, Medline, CNKI, and other databases on the treatment of NAFLD with dietary polyphenols was searched. Manual screening, quality assessment, and data extraction of search results were conducted strictly according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform the meta-analysis. Results The RCTs included in this study involved dietary supplementation with eight polyphenols (curcumin, resveratrol, naringenin, anthocyanin, hesperidin, catechin, silymarin, and genistein) and 2,173 participants. This systematic review and meta-analysis found that 1) curcumin may decrease body mass index (BMI), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Triglycerides (TG) total cholesterol (TC), and Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) compared to placebo; and curcumin does not increase the occurrence of adverse events. 2) Although the meta-analysis results of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) did not reveal significant positive changes, individual RCTs showed meaningful results. 3) Naringenin significantly decreased the percentage of NAFLD grade, TG, TC, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) but had no significant effect on AST and ALT, and it is a safe supplementation. 4) Only one team presents a protocol about anthocyanin (from Cornus mas L. fruit extract) in the treatment of NAFLD. 5) Hesperidin may decrease BMI, AST, ALT, TG, TC, HOMA-IR, and so on. 6) Catechin may decrease BMI, HOMA-IR, and TG level, and it was well tolerated by the patients. 7) Silymarin was effective in improving ALT and AST and reducing hepatic fat accumulation and liver stiffness in NAFLD patients. Conclusion Based on current evidence, curcumin can reduce BMI, TG, TC, liver enzymes, and insulin resistance; catechin can reduce BMI, insulin resistance, and TG effectively; silymarin can reduce liver enzymes. For resveratrol, naringenin, anthocyanin, hesperidin, and catechin, more RCTs are needed to further evaluate their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Junpeng Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Tianqing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Anqi Ge
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jinwen Ge,
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Cheng Z, Wang Y, Li B. Dietary Polyphenols Alleviate Autoimmune Liver Disease by Mediating the Intestinal Microenvironment: Challenges and Hopes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10708-10737. [PMID: 36005815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune liver disease is a chronic liver disease caused by an overactive immune response in the liver that imposes a significant health and economic cost on society. Due to the side effects of existing medicinal medications, there is a trend toward seeking natural bioactive compounds as dietary supplements. Currently, dietary polyphenols have been proven to have the ability to mediate gut-liver immunity and control autoimmune liver disease through modulating the intestinal microenvironment. Based on the preceding, this Review covers the many forms of autoimmune liver illnesses, their pathophysiology, and the modulatory effects of polyphenols on immune disorders. Finally, we focus on how polyphenols interact with the intestinal milieu to improve autoimmune liver disease. In conclusion, we suggest that dietary polyphenols have the potential as gut-targeted modulators for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune liver disease and highlight new perspectives and critical issues for future pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
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Yu S, Jiang J, Li Q, Liu X, Wang Z, Yang L, Ding L. Schisantherin A alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by restoring intestinal barrier function. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:855008. [PMID: 36132991 PMCID: PMC9483129 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.855008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is intricately linked to dysregulation of the gut–liver axis, and correlated with intestinal inflammation and barrier disruption. Objectives To investigate the protective effects and possible molecular mechanism of Schisantherin A (Sin A) in a high-fat diet (HFD) induced NAFLD mouse model. Methods HFD-fed NAFLD mice were treated with the vehicle and 80 mg/kg Sin A every day for 6 weeks. The gut permeability of the NAFLD mice was assessed by intestinal permeability assays in vivo and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements in vitro were also used to evaluate the function of the gut barrier. TLR4 inhibitor was then used to investigate the impact of Sin A in the LPS- TLR4 signaling pathway. Alternatively, the composition of the microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA amplification. Finally, the experiment of antibiotic treatment was performed to elucidate the roles of the gut microbiome mediating Sin A induced metabolic benefits in the NAFLD mice. Results We found that Sin A potently ameliorated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation, alleviated gut inflammation, and restored intestinal barrier function. We also observed that Sin A improved gut permeability and reduced the release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into circulation and further found that Sin A can suppress LPS-TLR4 signaling to protect against HFD-induced NAFLD. Sin A treatment altered the composition of the microbiome in NAFLD mice compared to vehicle controls. Conclusions Sin A is an effective and safe hepatoprotective agent against HFD-induced NAFLD by partly ameliorating gut inflammation, restoring intestinal barrier function, and regulating intestinal microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Phamcological Research Department, Shanghai Research and Development Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiarui Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Phamcological Research Department, Shanghai Research and Development Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinqin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Phamcological Research Department, Shanghai Research and Development Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Research and Development Department, Xuzhou Wanwusheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Phamcological Research Department, Shanghai Research and Development Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Phamcological Research Department, Shanghai Research and Development Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Ding, ; Li Yang,
| | - Lili Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Phamcological Research Department, Shanghai Research and Development Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Ding, ; Li Yang,
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Liu J, Wu A, Cai J, She ZG, Li H. The contribution of the gut-liver axis to the immune signaling pathway of NAFLD. Front Immunol 2022; 13:968799. [PMID: 36119048 PMCID: PMC9471422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.968799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is the most common chronic liver disease in the world. The pathogenesis of NAFLD has not been fully clarified; it involves metabolic disturbances, inflammation, oxidative stress, and various forms of cell death. The “intestinal-liver axis” theory, developed in recent years, holds that there is a certain relationship between liver disease and the intestinal tract, and changes in intestinal flora are closely involved in the development of NAFLD. Many studies have found that the intestinal flora regulates the pathogenesis of NAFLD by affecting energy metabolism, inducing endotoxemia, producing endogenous ethanol, and regulating bile acid and choline metabolism. In this review, we highlighted the updated discoveries in intestinal flora dysregulation and their link to the pathogenesis mechanism of NAFLD and summarized potential treatments of NAFLD related to the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anding Wu
- Department of general surgery, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
- Huanggang Institute of Translation Medicine, Huanggang, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Gang She, ; Hongliang Li,
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Gang She, ; Hongliang Li,
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Duan S, Li X, Fan G, Liu R. Targeting bile acid signaling for the treatment of liver diseases: From bench to bed. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113154. [PMID: 35653887 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases and related complications have become one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet effective medicine or approved treatment approach is still limited. Thus, novel therapy is urgently required to prevent or at least slow down the growing burden of liver transplantation or even death caused by malignant liver diseases. As the irreplaceable modulator of hepatic and intestinal signaling cascades, bile acids (BAs) play complex physiological as well as pathological roles in regulating energy and immune homeostasis in various liver diseases, including but not limited to metabolic diseases and cholangiopathies, making them highly attractive therapeutic targets. In the current review, recent progress in the research of enterohepatic circulation of BAs and potential therapeutic targets of BAs signaling, especially the development of currently available treatments, including agonizts of FXR and TGR5, analogs of FGF19, inhibitors of ASBT, and the regulation of gut microbiome through fecal microbiota transplantation were extensively summarized. Their protective effects, molecular mechanisms, and outcomes of clinical trials were highlighted. The structural features of these candidates and perspectives for their future development were further discussed. In conclusion, we believe that pharmacological therapies targeting BAs signaling represent promising and efficient strategies for the treatment of complex and multifactorial liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuni Duan
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guifang Fan
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China.
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Wu Z, Liu X, Huang S, Li T, Zhang X, Pang J, Zhao J, Chen L, Zhang B, Wang J, Han D. Milk Fat Globule Membrane Attenuates Acute Colitis and Secondary Liver Injury by Improving the Mucus Barrier and Regulating the Gut Microbiota. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865273. [PMID: 35799795 PMCID: PMC9253277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often occurs along with extraintestinal manifestations, including hepatic injury. Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is an active substance with a potential anti-inflammation activity. However, its alleviated effect and mechanisms in IBD as well as the IBD-induced secondary liver injury are still unclear. Methods C57BL/6J mice were administered with a 21-day oral gavage of MFGM, followed by 7 days of drinking water with 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Disease activity index (DAI), histological features, and cytokines of the colon and liver were evaluated. Then, RNA-seq of the colon and liver was conducted. The gut microbiota was assessed by analyzing 16S rRNA gene sequences, and finally the integrity and the function of the mucus barrier were evaluated by Alcian blue staining, real-time quantitative PCR, and ELISA. Results Prophylactic MFGM treatment was effective against colitis to include effects in body weight loss, DAI score, colonic length, intestinal pathology, and histological score. Additionally, prophylactic MFGM decreased the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and myeloperoxidase in colonic tissue, while it increased the IL-10 level. Moreover, the gene expressions of MUC2, MUC4, Reg3b, and Reg3g associated with the production of the molecular mediator of immune response, membrane invagination, and response to protozoan were strikingly upregulated when administered with MFGM. On the other hand, the beneficial effects of MFGM were related to the enriched abundance of genera such as Faccalibacumum and Roseburia in feces samples. Consistently, the administration of MFGM was also found to alleviate DSS-induced hepatic injury. Furthermore, the glutathione transferase activity pathway was enriched in the liver of MFGM-treated mice after DSS administration. Mechanistically, prophylactic MFGM enhanced the mucosal barrier by increasing the gene levels of Reg3b and Reg3g. Meanwhile, the alleviation of MFGM on liver injury was dependent on the reduced hepatic oxidative stress. Conclusions MFGM attenuated colitis and hepatic injury by maintaining the mucosal barrier and bacterial community while inhibiting oxidative stress, which might be an effective therapy of hepatic injury secondary to IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaman Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junying Zhao
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Early Life Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Early Life Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dandan Han,
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Interactions between Tryptophan Metabolism, the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System as Potential Drivers of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Metabolic Diseases. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060514. [PMID: 35736447 PMCID: PMC9227929 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing and therefore is its burden of disease as NALFD is a risk factor for cirrhosis and is associated with other metabolic conditions such as type II diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis. Linking these cardiometabolic diseases is a state of low-grade inflammation, with higher cytokines and c-reactive protein levels found in individuals with NAFLD, obesity and type II diabetes. A possible therapeutic target to decrease this state of low-grade inflammation is the metabolism of the essential amino-acid tryptophan. Its three main metabolic pathways (kynurenine pathway, indole pathway and serotonin/melatonin pathway) result in metabolites such as kynurenic acid, xanturenic acid, indole-3-propionic acid and serotonin/melatonin. The kynurenine pathway is regulated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme that is upregulated by pro-inflammatory molecules such as INF, IL-6 and LPS. Higher activity of IDO is associated with increased inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD, as well with increased glucose levels, obesity and atherosclerosis. On the other hand, increased concentrations of the indole pathway metabolites, regulated by the gut microbiome, seem to result in more favorable outcomes. This narrative review summarizes the interactions between tryptophan metabolism, the gut microbiome and the immune system as potential drivers of cardiometabolic diseases in NAFLD.
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Zhu W, Zhou Y, Tsao R, Dong H, Zhang H. Amelioratory Effect of Resistant Starch on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via the Gut-Liver Axis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:861854. [PMID: 35662935 PMCID: PMC9159374 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.861854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome with a global prevalence. Impaired gut barrier function caused by an unhealthy diet plays a key role in disrupting the immune-metabolic homeostasis of the gut-liver axis (GLA), leading to NAFLD. Therefore, dietary interventions have been studied as feasible alternative therapeutic approaches to ameliorate NAFLD. Resistant starches (RSs) are prebiotics that reduce systemic inflammation in patients with metabolic syndrome. The present review aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of the GLA in alleviating NAFLD and provide insights into how dietary RSs counteract diet-induced inflammation in the GLA. Emerging evidence suggests that RS intake alters gut microbiota structure, enhances mucosal immune tolerance, and promotes the production of microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids. These metabolites directly stimulate the growth of intestinal epithelial cells and elicit GPR41/GPR43, FXR, and TGR5 signaling cascades to sustain immune-metabolic homeostasis in the GLA. The literature also revealed the dietary-immune-metabolic interplay by which RSs exert their regulatory effect on the immune-metabolic crosstalk of the GLA and the related molecular basis, suggesting that dietary intervention with RSs may be a promising alternative therapeutic strategy against diet-induced dysfunction of the GLA and, ultimately, the risk of developing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Huanhuan Dong
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Huanhuan Dong,
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Hua Zhang, ;
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Efficacy and Mechanism of Mallotus furetianus Müll. Arg. Extract on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4897463. [PMID: 35529918 PMCID: PMC9071860 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4897463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the major cause of chronic liver disease globally. To observe the sedative effect of Mallotus furetianus extract (MFE) on NAFLD and the potential molecular mechanism, a high-fat diet (HFD) was used to induce NAFLD in rats for 8 weeks. Rats were orally given MFE (1.7 g/kg, 2.5 g/kg, and 3.3 g/kg) every day. Serum and liver biochemical indexes were detected. 16S rDNA sequencing was performed to test the changes in the gut microbiota. Mass spectrometry was used to analyze the changes in blood and liver metabolites and to perform a joint analysis of differential flora and differential metabolites. The results showed that MFE alleviated liver injury and decreased hepatic lipids content. ELISA analysis certificated that MFE reduced inflammation levels in rats fed with HFD. Compared to HFD rats with a normal diet, MFE significantly changed the overall structure of the intestinal flora and the composition of the intestinal microbes destroyed by HFD. In addition, MFE changes the metabolic levels of lipids and proteins in HFD rats. In conclusion, MFE effectively treated NAFLD and significantly improved the overall structure and intestinal microbial composition of the intestinal microbiota. The abundance of Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli increased significantly in the partridge tea treatment group.
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Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis MG741 Reduces Body Weight and Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Improving the Gut Permeability and Amelioration of Inflammatory Cytokines. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091965. [PMID: 35565930 PMCID: PMC9104482 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity is one of the major causes of the development of metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recently, specific probiotic strains have been found to improve the symptoms of NAFLD. We examined the effects of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis MG741 (MG741) on NAFLD and weight gain, using a mouse model of high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity. HFD-fed mice were supplemented daily with MG741. After 12 weeks, MG741-administered mice exhibited reduced fat deposition, and serum metabolic alterations, including fasting hyperinsulinemia, were modulated. In addition, MG741 regulated Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) expression and lipid accumulation in the liver, thereby reducing the hepatic steatosis score. To determine whether the effects of MG741 were related to improvements in gut health, MG741 improved the HFD-induced deterioration in gut permeability by reducing toxic substances and inflammatory cytokine expression, and upregulating tight junctions. These results collectively demonstrate that the oral administration of MG741 could prevent NAFLD and obesity, thereby improving metabolic health.
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Chen TY, Chen YL, Chiu WC, Yeh CL, Tung YT, Shirakawa H, Liao WT, Yang SC. Effects of the Water Extract of Fermented Rice Bran on Liver Damage and Intestinal Injury in Aged Rats with High-Fat Diet Feeding. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:607. [PMID: 35270077 PMCID: PMC8912322 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of the water extract of fermented rice bran (FRB) on liver damage and intestinal injury in old rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet. Rice bran (RB) was fermented with Aspergillus kawachii, and FRB was produced based on a previous study. Male Sprague Dawley rats at 36 weeks of age were allowed free access to a standard rodent diet and water for 8 weeks of acclimation then randomly divided into four groups (six rats/group), including a normal control (NC) group (normal diet), HF group (HF diet; 60% of total calories from fat), HF + 1% FRB group (HF diet + 1% FRB w/w), and HF + 5% FRB group (HF diet + 5% FRB w/w). It was found that the antioxidant ability of FRB was significantly increased when compared to RB. After 8 weeks of feeding, the HF group exhibited liver damage including an increased non-alcoholic fatty liver disease score (hepatic steatosis and inflammation) and higher interleukin (IL)-1β levels, while these were attenuated in the FRB-treated groups. Elevated plasma leptin levels were also found in the HF group, but the level was down-regulated by FRB treatment. An altered gut microbiotic composition was observed in the HF group, while beneficial bacteria including of the Lactobacillaceae and Lachnospiraceae had increased after FRB supplementation. In conclusion, it was found that FRB had higher anti-oxidative ability and showed the potential for preventing liver damage induced by a HF diet, which might be achieved through regulating imbalanced adipokines and maintaining a healthier microbiotic composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Ling Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-L.C.); (W.-C.C.); (C.-L.Y.)
| | - Wan-Chun Chiu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-L.C.); (W.-C.C.); (C.-L.Y.)
| | - Chiu-Li Yeh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-L.C.); (W.-C.C.); (C.-L.Y.)
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Hitoshi Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8857, Japan;
| | - Wei-Tzu Liao
- Chian-E Biomedical Technology Corporation, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Suh-Ching Yang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-L.C.); (W.-C.C.); (C.-L.Y.)
- Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Wang X, Zhang H, Zhang P, Hao S, Yang X, Zhou X. Clinical investigation of lipopolysaccharide in the persistence of metabolic syndrome (MS) through the activation of GRP78-IRE1α-ASK1 signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:585-592. [PMID: 34850317 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) might play a pivotal role in the persistence of metabolic syndrome (MS). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from various gram-negative bacteria could result in the ERS. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between LPS and ERS in MS. METHOD We enrolled 86 patients with MS and 42 healthy people aged 35-65 years. Body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure were measured. LPS, LBP and inflammation factors, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), free fatty acid (FFA) were analyzed in blood plasma of patient's cohort. Body mass index (BMI) and HOMA-IR were calculated. The mRNA and protein expression of ERS GRP78, IRE1α, ASK1 and IKKβ, JNK1 were measured in blood plasma of patient's cohort by RT-PCR and Elisa. MS was defined by the updated National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criterion for Asian Americans. RESULTS BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, FPG, insulin, HOMA-IR, TC, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C, FFA and LPS, LBP, TNF-α, CRP, IL-1, IL-6, MCP-1 were significantly higher in patients with MS than healthy people (P < 0.001). The correlation analysis suggested that LPS were associated with TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, MCP-1, LBP, FFA, HOMA-IR potently (P < 0.05). The marker gene and protein expressions of ERS (GRP78, IRE1α, ASK1, IKKβ and JNK) were significantly overexpressed in patients with MS and were positive correlation with LPS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION LPS may play an important role in mediating chronic low-grade inflammation by activating the ERS GRP78-IRE1α-ASK1 signaling pathway, contributing to the persistence of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Huaping Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, 52 Xin Jian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfu Zhang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Shulan Hao
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Province Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, 52 Xin Jian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China.
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Chen B, Huang H, Pan CQ. The role of gut microbiota in hepatitis B disease progression and treatment. J Viral Hepat 2022; 29:94-106. [PMID: 34415656 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Current therapeutic interventions can only suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication or reduce complications without a cure. Therefore, further development of new treatment methods is critical for the global eradication of HBV. Accumulating evidence suggests that the liver and gut share an interconnected relationship referred to as the 'Gut-Liver Axis', where exchanges happen bi-directionally. The gut itself is the host to a unique microbiota profile which has metabolic, immunological, neurological and nutritional functions. Gut microbiota is not only constantly intersecting with the liver but also associated with hepatic injury when dysbiosis occurs. In recent years, there has been increased interest in gut microbiota and its implications on liver disease treatment. Progress has been made in understanding the complex relationship between chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and gut microbiota. New investigative techniques such as colony-free sequencing enabled new perspectives into this field. Mouse models and human studies revealed that HBV infection is associated with significant alteration of gut microbiota, which differ depending on the stage of CHB disease progression. Different mechanisms of the hepatic injury from gut microbiota dysbiosis have also been proposed based on findings of increased intestinal permeability to toxins, disruption of normal bacterial metabolism, and colonization of the gut by oral microbiota. New treatment methods targeting gut microbiota in CHB, such as probiotics and faecal microbiota transplant, have also gained promising results in recent years. The current review recapitulated the most recent investigations into the relationship between gut microbiota and CHB to provide research directions towards the new therapeutic target of CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Chen
- University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Harry Huang
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Calvin Q Pan
- Center of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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50
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Wang Q, Wang Z, Pang B, Zheng H, Cao Z, Feng C, Ma W, Wei J. Probiotics for the improvement of metabolic profiles in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1014670. [PMID: 36407321 PMCID: PMC9670148 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1014670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to assess the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) mainly in terms of liver function, glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammation. METHODS RCTs were searched on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library until June 2022. A meta-analysis was performed on the therapeutic efficacy of probiotics on liver function, glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammatory biomarkers by using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS A total of 772 patients from 15 studies were included in the analysis. The methodological quality varied across studies. We found that adding probiotic therapies could reduce the levels of alanine aminotransferase [mean difference (MD): -11.76 (-16.06, -7.46), p < 0.00001], aspartate aminotransferase (MD: -9.08 (-13.60, -4.56), p < 0.0001], γ-glutamyltransferase [MD: -5.67 (-6.80, -4.54), p < 0.00001] and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance [MD: -0.62 (-1.08, -0.15), p = 0.01], in patients with MAFLD compared with those in control individuals. However, there was no statistically significant improvement in the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor α among patients with MAFLD. Subgroup analyses showed that other key factors, such as age, participants' baseline body mass index, and the duration of intervention, may influence probiotic therapy outcomes. CONCLUSION There is promising evidence that probiotic supplementation can reduce liver enzyme levels and regulate glycometabolism in patients with MAFLD. Further rigorous and long-term trials exploring these novel therapeutic perspectives are warranted to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Junping Wei, ; Qiuhong Wang,
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boxian Pang
- Graduate school, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zheng
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengmin Cao
- Infections Disease Section, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunpeng Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Ma
- Centre for Evidence-based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Junping Wei, ; Qiuhong Wang,
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