1
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Dong S, Pang H, Li F, Hua M, Liang M, Song C. Immunoregulatory function of SP-A. Mol Immunol 2024; 166:58-64. [PMID: 38244369 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Surfactant protein A (SP-A), a natural immune molecule, plays an important role in lung health. SP-A recognizes and binds microbial surface glycogroups through the C-type carbohydrate recognition domain, and then binds corresponding cell surface receptors (such as C1qRp, CRT-CD91 complex, CD14, SP-R210, Toll-like receptor, SIRP-α, CR3, etc.) through collagen-like region, and subsequently mediates biological effects. SP-A regulates lung innate immunity by promoting surfactant absorption by alveolar type II epithelial cells and phagocytosis of pathogenic microorganisms by alveolar macrophages. SP-A also regulates lung adaptive immunity by inhibiting DC maturation, and T cell proliferation and differentiation. This article reviews latest relationships between SP-A and adaptive and intrinsic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Dong
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Anhui 233030, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Hongyuan Pang
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Anhui 233030, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Anhui 233030, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Mengqing Hua
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Anhui 233030, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Meng Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Chuanwang Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Anhui 233030, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Anhui 233030, China.
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2
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Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a critical component of lung function in healthy individuals. It functions in part by lowering surface tension in the alveoli, thereby allowing for breathing with minimal effort. The prevailing thinking is that low surface tension is attained by a compression-driven squeeze-out of unsaturated phospholipids during exhalation, forming a film enriched in saturated phospholipids that achieves surface tensions close to zero. A thorough review of past and recent literature suggests that the compression-driven squeeze-out mechanism may be erroneous. Here, we posit that a surfactant film enriched in saturated lipids is formed shortly after birth by an adsorption-driven sorting process and that its composition does not change during normal breathing. We provide biophysical evidence for the rapid formation of an enriched film at high surfactant concentrations, facilitated by adsorption structures containing hydrophobic surfactant proteins. We examine biophysical evidence for and against the compression-driven squeeze-out mechanism and propose a new model for surfactant function. The proposed model is tested against existing physiological and pathophysiological evidence in neonatal and adult lungs, leading to ideas for biophysical research, that should be addressed to establish the physiological relevance of this new perspective on the function of the mighty thin film that surfactant provides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Possmayer
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Yi Y Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manon, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96826, United States
| | - Ruud A W Veldhuizen
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Nils O Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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3
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Allué-Guardia A, Torrelles JB, Sigal A. Tuberculosis and COVID-19 in the elderly: factors driving a higher burden of disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250198. [PMID: 37841265 PMCID: PMC10569613 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and SARS-CoV-2 are both infections that can lead to severe disease in the lower lung. However, these two infections are caused by very different pathogens (Mycobacterium vs. virus), they have different mechanisms of pathogenesis and immune response, and differ in how long the infection lasts. Despite the differences, SARS-CoV-2 and M.tb share a common feature, which is also frequently observed in other respiratory infections: the burden of disease in the elderly is greater. Here, we discuss possible reasons for the higher burden in older adults, including the effect of co-morbidities, deterioration of the lung environment, auto-immunity, and a reduced antibody response. While the answer is likely to be multifactorial, understanding the main drivers across different infections may allow us to design broader interventions that increase the health-span of older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Allué-Guardia
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jordi B. Torrelles
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- International Center for the Advancement of Research and Education (I•CARE), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alex Sigal
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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4
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Khudadah K, Ramadan A, Othman A, Refaey N, Elrosasy A, Rezkallah A, Heseba T, Moawad M, Mektebi A, Elejla S, Abouzid M, Abdelazeem B. Surfactant replacement therapy as promising treatment for COVID-19: an updated narrative review. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20230504. [PMID: 37497603 PMCID: PMC10412525 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20230504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with COVID-19 exhibit similar symptoms to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has been shown to target alveolar type 2 lung cells which synthesize and secrete endogenous surfactants leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome in some patients. This was proven by post-mortem histopathological findings revealing desquamated alveolar type 2 cells. Surfactant use in patients with COVID-19 respiratory distress syndrome results in marked improvement in respiratory parameters but not mortality which needs further clinical trials comparing surfactant formulas and modes of administration to decrease the mortality. In addition, surfactants could be a promising vehicle for specific drug delivery as a liposomal carrier, which requires more and more challenging efforts. In this review, we highlight the current reviews and two clinical trials on exogenous surfactant therapy in COVID-19-associated respiratory distress in adults, and how surfactant could be a promising drug to help fight the COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alaa Ramadan
- Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Othman
- Kuwait Oil Company Ahmadi Hospital, Al Ahmadi, Kuwait
| | - Neveen Refaey
- Women’s Health department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Elrosasy
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayoub Rezkallah
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Algeirs, Algeirs, Algeria
- Department of Hematology Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, Hospital Center University Lamine Debaghine, Algeirs, Algeria
| | - Toka Heseba
- Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Hossam El Din Moawad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Clinical Department, Alexandria University, Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ammar Mektebi
- Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Sewar A Elejla
- Faculty of Medicine, Alquds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Mohamed Abouzid
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Basel Abdelazeem
- McLaren Health Care, Flint, Michigan, U.S.A
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, U.S.A
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5
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Garavaglia ML, Bodega F, Porta C, Milzani A, Sironi C, Dalle-Donne I. Molecular Impact of Conventional and Electronic Cigarettes on Pulmonary Surfactant. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11702. [PMID: 37511463 PMCID: PMC10380520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The alveolar epithelium is covered by a non-cellular layer consisting of an aqueous hypophase topped by pulmonary surfactant, a lipo-protein mixture with surface-active properties. Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) affects lung physiology and is linked to the development of several diseases. The macroscopic effects of CS are determined by several types of cell and molecular dysfunction, which, among other consequences, lead to surfactant alterations. The purpose of this review is to summarize the published studies aimed at uncovering the effects of CS on both the lipid and protein constituents of surfactant, discussing the molecular mechanisms involved in surfactant homeostasis that are altered by CS. Although surfactant homeostasis has been the topic of several studies and some molecular pathways can be deduced from an analysis of the literature, it remains evident that many aspects of the mechanisms of action of CS on surfactant homeostasis deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Bodega
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Porta
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Aldo Milzani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Sironi
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Dalle-Donne
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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6
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Chen S, Li M, Zhang R, Ye L, Jiang Y, Jiang X, Peng H, Wang Z, Guo Z, Chen L, Zhang R, Niu Y, Aschner M, Li D, Chen W. Type 1 diabetes and diet-induced obesity predispose C57BL/6J mice to PM 2.5-induced lung injury: a comparative study. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:10. [PMID: 37069663 PMCID: PMC10108512 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00526-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-existing metabolic diseases may predispose individuals to particulate matter (PM)-induced adverse health effects. However, the differences in susceptibility of various metabolic diseases to PM-induced lung injury and their underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. RESULTS Type 1 diabetes (T1D) murine models were constructed by streptozotocin injection, while diet-induced obesity (DIO) models were generated by feeding 45% high-fat diet 6 weeks prior to and throughout the experiment. Mice were subjected to real-ambient PM exposure in Shijiazhuang City, China for 4 weeks at a mean PM2.5 concentration of 95.77 µg/m3. Lung and systemic injury were assessed, and the underlying mechanisms were explored through transcriptomics analysis. Compared with normal diet (ND)-fed mice, T1D mice exhibited severe hyperglycemia with a blood glucose of 350 mg/dL, while DIO mice displayed moderate obesity and marked dyslipidemia with a slightly elevated blood glucose of 180 mg/dL. T1D and DIO mice were susceptible to PM-induced lung injury, manifested by inflammatory changes such as interstitial neutrophil infiltration and alveolar septal thickening. Notably, the acute lung injury scores of T1D and DIO mice were higher by 79.57% and 48.47%, respectively, than that of ND-fed mice. Lung transcriptome analysis revealed that increased susceptibility to PM exposure was associated with perturbations in multiple pathways including glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, cellular senescence, and tissue remodeling. Functional experiments confirmed that changes in biomarkers of macrophage (F4/80), lipid peroxidation (4-HNE), cellular senescence (SA-β-gal), and airway repair (CCSP) were most pronounced in the lungs of PM-exposed T1D mice. Furthermore, pathways associated with xenobiotic metabolism showed metabolic state- and tissue-specific perturbation patterns. Upon PM exposure, activation of nuclear receptor (NR) pathways and inhibition of the glutathione (GSH)-mediated detoxification pathway were evident in the lungs of T1D mice, and a significant upregulation of NR pathways was present in the livers of T1D mice. CONCLUSIONS These differences might contribute to differential susceptibility to PM exposure between T1D and DIO mice. These findings provide new insights into the health risk assessment of PM exposure in populations with metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Miao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lizhu Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinhang Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhanyu Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yujie Niu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Daochuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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7
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Schiefermeier-Mach N, Heinrich L, Lechner L, Perkhofer S. Regulation of Surfactant Protein Gene Expression by Aspergillus fumigatus in NCl-H441 Cells. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041011. [PMID: 37110432 PMCID: PMC10143823 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes serious lung diseases in immunocompromised patients. The lung surfactant produced by alveolar type II and Clara cells in the lungs is an important line of defense against A. fumigatus. The surfactant consists of phospholipids and surfactant proteins (SP-A, SP-B, SP-C and SP-D). The binding to SP-A and SP-D proteins leads to the agglutination and neutralization of lung pathogens as well as the modulation of immune responses. SP-B and SP-C proteins are essential for surfactant metabolism and can modulate the local immune response; however, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated changes in the SP gene expression in human lung NCI-H441 cells infected with conidia or treated with culture filtrates obtained from A. fumigatus. To further identify fungal cell wall components that may affect the expression of SP genes, we examined the effect of different A. fumigatus mutant strains, including dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-melanin-deficient ΔpksP, galactomannan (GM)-deficient Δugm1 and galactosaminogalactan (GAG)-deficient Δgt4bc strains. Our results show that the tested strains alter the mRNA expression of SP, with the most prominent and consistent downregulation of the lung-specific SP-C. Our findings also suggest that secondary metabolites rather than the membrane composition of conidia/hyphae inhibit SP-C mRNA expression in NCI-H441 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Schiefermeier-Mach
- Research and Innovation Unit, Health University of Applied Sciences Tyrol/FH Gesundheit Tirol, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lea Heinrich
- Research and Innovation Unit, Health University of Applied Sciences Tyrol/FH Gesundheit Tirol, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Lechner
- Research and Innovation Unit, Health University of Applied Sciences Tyrol/FH Gesundheit Tirol, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Perkhofer
- Research and Innovation Unit, Health University of Applied Sciences Tyrol/FH Gesundheit Tirol, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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8
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Liekkinen J, Olżyńska A, Cwiklik L, Bernardino de la Serna J, Vattulainen I, Javanainen M. Surfactant Proteins SP-B and SP-C in Pulmonary Surfactant Monolayers: Physical Properties Controlled by Specific Protein-Lipid Interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:4338-4350. [PMID: 36917773 PMCID: PMC10061932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The lining of the alveoli is covered by pulmonary surfactant, a complex mixture of surface-active lipids and proteins that enables efficient gas exchange between inhaled air and the circulation. Despite decades of advancements in the study of the pulmonary surfactant, the molecular scale behavior of the surfactant and the inherent role of the number of different lipids and proteins in surfactant behavior are not fully understood. The most important proteins in this complex system are the surfactant proteins SP-B and SP-C. Given this, in this work we performed nonequilibrium all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to study the interplay of SP-B and SP-C with multicomponent lipid monolayers mimicking the pulmonary surfactant in composition. The simulations were complemented by z-scan fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements. Our state-of-the-art simulation model reproduces experimental pressure-area isotherms and lateral diffusion coefficients. In agreement with previous research, the inclusion of either SP-B and SP-C increases surface pressure, and our simulations provide a molecular scale explanation for this effect: The proteins display preferential lipid interactions with phosphatidylglycerol, they reside predominantly in the lipid acyl chain region, and they partition into the liquid expanded phase or even induce it in an otherwise packed monolayer. The latter effect is also visible in our atomic force microscopy images. The research done contributes to a better understanding of the roles of specific lipids and proteins in surfactant function, thus helping to develop better synthetic products for surfactant replacement therapy used in the treatment of many fatal lung-related injuries and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Liekkinen
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Agnieszka Olżyńska
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of
Sciences, CZ-18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukasz Cwiklik
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of
Sciences, CZ-18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jorge Bernardino de la Serna
- National
Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College
London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- NIHR
Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Javanainen
- Institute
of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16100 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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9
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Hsieh MH, Chen PC, Hsu HY, Liu JC, Ho YS, Lin YJ, Kuo CW, Kuo WS, Kao HF, Wang SD, Liu ZG, Wu LSH, Wang JY. Surfactant protein D inhibits lipid-laden foamy macrophages and lung inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:38-50. [PMID: 36376488 PMCID: PMC9794778 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00946-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of surfactant protein D (SP-D) and lipid-laden foamy macrophages (FMs) are frequently found under oxidative stress conditions and/or in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who are also chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (CS). However, the roles and molecular mechanisms of SP-D and FMs in COPD have not yet been determined. In this study, increased levels of SP-D were found in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and sera of ozone- and CS-exposed mice. Furthermore, SP-D-knockout mice showed increased lipid-laden FMs and airway inflammation caused by ozone and CS exposure, similar to that exhibited by our study cohort of chronic smokers and COPD patients. We also showed that an exogenous recombinant fragment of human SP-D (rfhSP-D) prevented the formation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced FMs in vitro and reversed the airway inflammation and emphysematous changes caused by oxidative stress and CS exposure in vivo. SP-D upregulated bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) expression of genes involved in countering the oxidative stress and lipid metabolism perturbations induced by CS and oxLDL. Our study demonstrates the crucial roles of SP-D in the lipid homeostasis of dysfunctional alveolar macrophages caused by ozone and CS exposure in experimental mouse emphysema, which may provide a novel opportunity for the clinical application of SP-D in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Hsi Hsieh
- Center for Allergy, Immunology, and Microbiome (A.I.M.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, China
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Pei-Chi Chen
- Center for Allergy, Immunology, and Microbiome (A.I.M.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, China
- Department of Nursing, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Han-Yin Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Jui-Chang Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Ho
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Yuh Jyh Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Chin-Wei Kuo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Wen-Shuo Kuo
- Center for Allergy, Immunology, and Microbiome (A.I.M.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Fang Kao
- Department of Nursing, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Shulhn-Der Wang
- Center for Allergy, Immunology, and Microbiome (A.I.M.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, China
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Department of Respirology and Allergy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lawrence Shih-Hsin Wu
- Center for Allergy, Immunology, and Microbiome (A.I.M.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, China.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, China.
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Center for Allergy, Immunology, and Microbiome (A.I.M.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, China.
- Department of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology (AIR), China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, China.
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10
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Sengupta A, Dorn A, Jamshidi M, Schwob M, Hassan W, De Maddalena LL, Hugi A, Stucki AO, Dorn P, Marti TM, Wisser O, Stucki JD, Krebs T, Hobi N, Guenat OT. A multiplex inhalation platform to model in situ like aerosol delivery in a breathing lung-on-chip. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1114739. [PMID: 36959848 PMCID: PMC10029733 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1114739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to environmental respirable toxicants can lead to the development and worsening of severe respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and fibrosis. The limited number of FDA-approved inhaled drugs for these serious lung conditions has led to a shift from in vivo towards the use of alternative in vitro human-relevant models to better predict the toxicity of inhaled particles in preclinical research. While there are several inhalation exposure models for the upper airways, the fragile and dynamic nature of the alveolar microenvironment has limited the development of reproducible exposure models for the distal lung. Here, we present a mechanistic approach using a new generation of exposure systems, the Cloud α AX12. This novel in vitro inhalation tool consists of a cloud-based exposure chamber (VITROCELL) that integrates the breathing AXLung-on-chip system (AlveoliX). The ultrathin and porous membrane of the AX12 plate was used to create a complex multicellular model that enables key physiological culture conditions: the air-liquid interface (ALI) and the three-dimensional cyclic stretch (CS). Human-relevant cellular models were established for a) the distal alveolar-capillary interface using primary cell-derived immortalized alveolar epithelial cells (AXiAECs), macrophages (THP-1) and endothelial (HLMVEC) cells, and b) the upper-airways using Calu3 cells. Primary human alveolar epithelial cells (AXhAEpCs) were used to validate the toxicity results obtained from the immortalized cell lines. To mimic in vivo relevant aerosol exposures with the Cloud α AX12, three different models were established using: a) titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide nanoparticles b) polyhexamethylene guanidine a toxic chemical and c) an anti-inflammatory inhaled corticosteroid, fluticasone propionate (FL). Our results suggest an important synergistic effect on the air-blood barrier sensitivity, cytotoxicity and inflammation, when air-liquid interface and cyclic stretch culture conditions are combined. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that an in vitro inhalation exposure system for the distal lung has been described with a breathing lung-on-chip technology. The Cloud α AX12 model thus represents a state-of-the-art pre-clinical tool to study inhalation toxicity risks, drug safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Sengupta
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Dorn
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- AlveoliX AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Jamshidi
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Magali Schwob
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Widad Hassan
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas Hugi
- AlveoliX AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas O. Stucki
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Andreas O. Stucki,
| | - Patrick Dorn
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M. Marti
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Nina Hobi
- AlveoliX AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olivier T. Guenat
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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11
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The Role of Pulmonary Surfactant Phospholipids in Fibrotic Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010326. [PMID: 36613771 PMCID: PMC9820286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD) or Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a heterogeneous group of lung conditions with common characteristics that can progress to fibrosis. Within this group of pneumonias, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is considered the most common. This disease has no known cause, is devastating and has no cure. Chronic lesion of alveolar type II (ATII) cells represents a key mechanism for the development of IPF. ATII cells are specialized in the biosynthesis and secretion of pulmonary surfactant (PS), a lipid-protein complex that reduces surface tension and minimizes breathing effort. Some differences in PS composition have been reported between patients with idiopathic pulmonary disease and healthy individuals, especially regarding some specific proteins in the PS; however, few reports have been conducted on the lipid components. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which phospholipids (PLs) could be involved in the development of the fibroproliferative response.
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12
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Chen Y, Tang L. The crosstalk between parenchymal cells and macrophages: A keeper of tissue homeostasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1050188. [PMID: 36505488 PMCID: PMC9732730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) and parenchymal cells (PCs) collectively perform tissue-specific functions. PCs play significant roles and continuously adjust the intrinsic functions and metabolism of organs. Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are crucial members of native NPCs in tissues and are essential for immune defense, tissue repair and development, and homeostasis maintenance. As a plastic-phenotypic and prevalent cluster of NPCs, TRMs dynamically assist PCs in functioning by producing cytokines, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals, growth factors, and proteolytic enzymes. Furthermore, the PCs of tissues modulate the functional activity and polarization of TRMs. Dysregulation of the PC-TRM crosstalk axis profoundly impacts many essential physiological functions, including synaptogenesis, gastrointestinal motility and secretion, cardiac pulsation, gas exchange, blood filtration, and metabolic homeostasis. This review focuses on the PC-TRM crosstalk in mammalian vital tissues, along with their interactions with tissue homeostasis maintenance and disorders. Thus, this review highlights the fundamental biological significance of the regulatory network of PC-TRM in tissue homeostasis.
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13
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Reger RM, Meinicke A, Härtig W, Knüpfer M, Thome U, Schob S, Krause M. Changes in CSF Surface Tension in Relation to Surfactant Proteins in Children with Intraventricular Hemorrhage. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12111440. [PMID: 36358367 PMCID: PMC9688901 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of surface tension (ST) by surfactants plays an important role in the human respiratory system but is largely unexplored in brain homeostasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in ST in relation to surfactant proteins (SPs) in children with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). CSF samples from 93 patients were analyzed for ST with a force tensiometer and SP-A-D and -G with ELISA assays. Patients belonged to six groups: (i) IVH before primary intervention (PI), (ii) IVH 4−28 days after PI, (iii) IVH 44−357 days after PI, (iv) hydrocephalus, (v) sepsis and (vi) controls. We found indirect correlations and significant differences in ST and SPs (all p < 0.001; except for SP-C, p = 0.007). Post hoc analyses showed significantly decreased ST in IVH patients before PI compared with patients with hydrocephalus, sepsis or controls (p < 0.001), but it increased in IVH patients over time. All SPs were significantly elevated when comparing IVH patients before PI with controls (all p < 0.001; except for SP-C, p = 0.003). Children suffering from IVH displayed an increase in SPs and a decrease in ST as coping mechanisms to preserve CSF flow. The increase in ST over time could serve as prognostic marker for the healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieka M. Reger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anton Meinicke
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Härtig
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Knüpfer
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Thome
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Schob
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Halle, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Krause
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-9717500
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14
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Ramos-Martín F, D'Amelio N. Biomembrane lipids: When physics and chemistry join to shape biological activity. Biochimie 2022; 203:118-138. [PMID: 35926681 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Biomembranes constitute the first lines of defense of cells. While small molecules can often permeate cell walls in bacteria and plants, they are generally unable to penetrate the barrier constituted by the double layer of phospholipids, unless specific receptors or channels are present. Antimicrobial or cell-penetrating peptides are in fact highly specialized molecules able to bypass this barrier and even discriminate among different cell types. This capacity is made possible by the intrinsic properties of its phospholipids, their distribution between the internal and external leaflet, and their ability to mutually interact, modulating the membrane fluidity and the exposition of key headgroups. Although common phospholipids can be found in the membranes of most organisms, some are characteristic of specific cell types. Here, we review the properties of the most common lipids and describe how they interact with each other in biomembrane. We then discuss how their assembly in bilayers determines some key physical-chemical properties such as permeability, potential and phase status. Finally, we describe how the exposition of specific phospholipids determines the recognition of cell types by membrane-targeting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ramos-Martín
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80039, France.
| | - Nicola D'Amelio
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80039, France.
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15
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Sengupta A, Roldan N, Kiener M, Froment L, Raggi G, Imler T, de Maddalena L, Rapet A, May T, Carius P, Schneider-Daum N, Lehr CM, Kruithof-de Julio M, Geiser T, Marti TM, Stucki JD, Hobi N, Guenat OT. A New Immortalized Human Alveolar Epithelial Cell Model to Study Lung Injury and Toxicity on a Breathing Lung-On-Chip System. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:840606. [PMID: 35832493 PMCID: PMC9272139 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.840606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of inhalation toxicity, drug safety and efficacy assessment, as well as the investigation of complex disease pathomechanisms, are increasingly relying on in vitro lung models. This is due to the progressive shift towards human-based systems for more predictive and translational research. While several cellular models are currently available for the upper airways, modelling the distal alveolar region poses several constraints that make the standardization of reliable alveolar in vitro models relatively difficult. In this work, we present a new and reproducible alveolar in vitro model, that combines a human derived immortalized alveolar epithelial cell line (AXiAEC) and organ-on-chip technology mimicking the lung alveolar biophysical environment (AXlung-on-chip). The latter mimics key features of the in vivo alveolar milieu: breathing-like 3D cyclic stretch (10% linear strain, 0.2 Hz frequency) and an ultrathin, porous and elastic membrane. AXiAECs cultured on-chip were characterized for their alveolar epithelial cell markers by gene and protein expression. Cell barrier properties were examined by TER (Transbarrier Electrical Resistance) measurement and tight junction formation. To establish a physiological model for the distal lung, AXiAECs were cultured for long-term at air-liquid interface (ALI) on-chip. To this end, different stages of alveolar damage including inflammation (via exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide) and the response to a profibrotic mediator (via exposure to Transforming growth factor β1) were analyzed. In addition, the expression of relevant host cell factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection was investigated to evaluate its potential application for COVID-19 studies. This study shows that AXiAECs cultured on the AXlung-on-chip exhibit an enhanced in vivo-like alveolar character which is reflected into: 1) Alveolar type 1 (AT1) and 2 (AT2) cell specific phenotypes, 2) tight barrier formation (with TER above 1,000 Ω cm2) and 3) reproducible long-term preservation of alveolar characteristics in nearly physiological conditions (co-culture, breathing, ALI). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a primary derived alveolar epithelial cell line on-chip representing both AT1 and AT2 characteristics is reported. This distal lung model thereby represents a valuable in vitro tool to study inhalation toxicity, test safety and efficacy of drug compounds and characterization of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Sengupta
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nuria Roldan
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Kiener
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laurène Froment
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Raggi
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Theo Imler
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Aude Rapet
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrick Carius
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nicole Schneider-Daum
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marianna Kruithof-de Julio
- Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Michael Marti
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Janick D Stucki
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nina Hobi
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olivier T Guenat
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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16
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The lung surfactant activity probed with molecular dynamics simulations. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 304:102659. [PMID: 35421637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The surface of pulmonary alveolar subphase is covered with a mixture of lipids and proteins. This lung surfactant plays a crucial role in lung functioning. It shows a complex phase behavior which can be altered by the interaction with third molecules such as drugs or pollutants. For studying multicomponent biological systems, it is of interest to couple experimental approach with computational modelling yielding atomic-scale information. Simple two, three, or four-component model systems showed to be useful for getting more insight in the interaction between lipids, lipids and proteins or lipids and proteins with drugs and impurities. These systems were studied theoretically using molecular dynamic simulations and experimentally by means of the Langmuir technique. A better understanding of the structure and behavior of lung surfactants obtained from this research is relevant for developing new synthetic surfactants for efficient therapies, and may contribute to public health protection.
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17
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Fröhlich E. Non-Cellular Layers of the Respiratory Tract: Protection against Pathogens and Target for Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050992. [PMID: 35631578 PMCID: PMC9143813 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial barriers separate the human body from the environment to maintain homeostasis. Compared to the skin and gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory barrier is the thinnest and least protective. The properties of the epithelial cells (height, number of layers, intercellular junctions) and non-cellular layers, mucus in the conducting airways and surfactant in the respiratory parts determine the permeability of the barrier. The review focuses on the non-cellular layers and describes the architecture of the mucus and surfactant followed by interaction with gases and pathogens. While the penetration of gases into the respiratory tract is mainly determined by their hydrophobicity, pathogens use different mechanisms to invade the respiratory tract. Often, the combination of mucus adhesion and subsequent permeation of the mucus mesh is used. Similar mechanisms are also employed to improve drug delivery across the respiratory barrier. Depending on the payload and target region, various mucus-targeting delivery systems have been developed. It appears that the mucus-targeting strategy has to be selected according to the planned application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; ; Tel.: +43-316-38573011
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
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18
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Valenca SS, Dong BE, Gordon EM, Sun RC, Waters CM. ASK1 Regulates Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 66:484-496. [PMID: 35148253 PMCID: PMC9116360 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0465oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is an abnormal remodeling of cellular composition and extracellular matrix that results in histological and functional alterations in the lungs. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family that is activated by oxidative stress and promotes inflammation and apoptosis. Here we show that bleomycin-induced PF is reduced in Ask1 knockout mice (Ask1-/-) compared with wild-type (WT) mice, with improved survival and histological and functional parameters restored to basal levels. In WT mice, bleomycin caused activation of ASK1, p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in lung tissue, as well as changes in redox indicators (thioredoxin and heme-oxygenase-1), collagen content, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers (EMTs). These changes were largely restored toward untreated WT control levels in bleomycin-treated Ask1-/- mice. We further investigated whether treatment of WT mice with an ASK1 inhibitor, selonsertib (GS-4997), during the fibrotic phase would attenuate the development of PF. We found that pharmacological inhibition of ASK1 reduced activation of ASK1, p38, and ERK1/2 and promoted the restoration of redox and EMT indicators, as well as improvements in histological parameters. Our results suggest that ASK1 plays a central role in the development of bleomycin-induced PF in mice via p38 and ERK1/2 signaling. Together, these data indicate a possible therapeutic target for PF that involves an ASK1/p38/ERK1/2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ramon C. Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, and
| | - Christopher M. Waters
- Department of Physiology,,Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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19
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Li ZB, Liu J, Zhang SQ, Yu Y, Liang HF, Lu QQ, Chen J, Han YS, Zhang F, Li JC. Novel potential metabolic biomarker panel for early detection of severe COVID-19 using full-spectrum metabolome and whole-transcriptome analyses. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:129. [PMID: 35459913 PMCID: PMC9026054 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00976-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bin Li
- The Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, 529500, Yangjiang, China
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512025, Shaoguan, China
- Medical School, Hubei Minzu University, 445000, Enshi, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shaoguan University School of Medicine, 512025, Shaoguan, China
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512025, Shaoguan, China
| | - Shan-Qiang Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512025, Shaoguan, China
| | - Yi Yu
- The Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, 529500, Yangjiang, China
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512025, Shaoguan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shaoguan University School of Medicine, 512025, Shaoguan, China
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Feng Liang
- The Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, 529500, Yangjiang, China
| | - Qi-Qi Lu
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512025, Shaoguan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- The Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, 529500, Yangjiang, China
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512025, Shaoguan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shaoguan University School of Medicine, 512025, Shaoguan, China
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Shuai Han
- The Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, 529500, Yangjiang, China
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512025, Shaoguan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shaoguan University School of Medicine, 512025, Shaoguan, China
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512025, Shaoguan, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- The Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, 529500, Yangjiang, China
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512025, Shaoguan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shaoguan University School of Medicine, 512025, Shaoguan, China
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Models using native tracheobronchial mucus in the context of pulmonary drug delivery research: Composition, structure and barrier properties. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 183:114141. [PMID: 35149123 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mucus covers all wet epithelia and acts as a protective barrier. In the airways of the lungs, the viscoelastic mucus meshwork entraps and clears inhaled materials and efficiently removes them by mucociliary escalation. In addition to physical and chemical interaction mechanisms, the role of macromolecular glycoproteins (mucins) and antimicrobial constituents in innate immune defense are receiving increasing attention. Collectively, mucus displays a major barrier for inhaled aerosols, also including therapeutics. This review discusses the origin and composition of tracheobronchial mucus in relation to its (barrier) function, as well as some pathophysiological changes in the context of pulmonary diseases. Mucus models that contemplate key features such as elastic-dominant rheology, composition, filtering mechanisms and microbial interactions are critically reviewed in the context of health and disease considering different collection methods of native human pulmonary mucus. Finally, the prerequisites towards a standardization of mucus models in a regulatory context and their role in drug delivery research are addressed.
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21
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Takahashi T, Fee EL, Takahashi Y, Saito M, Yaegashi N, Usuda H, Furfaro L, Carter S, Schmidt AF, Newnham JP, Jobe AH, Kemp MW. Betamethasone phosphate reduces the efficacy of antenatal steroid therapy and is associated with lower birthweights when administered to pregnant sheep in combination with betamethasone acetate. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 226:564.e1-564.e14. [PMID: 34626553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal corticosteroid therapy is a standard of care for women at imminent risk of preterm labor. However, the optimal (maximum benefit and minimal risk of side effects) antenatal corticosteroid dosing strategy remains unclear. Although conveying overall benefit when given to the right patient at the right time, antenatal corticosteroid treatment efficacy is highly variable and is not risk-free. Building on earlier findings, we hypothesized that when administered in combination with slow-release betamethasone acetate, betamethasone phosphate and the high maternal-fetal betamethasone concentrations it generates are redundant for fetal lung maturation. OBJECTIVE Using an established sheep model of prematurity and postnatal ventilation of the preterm lamb, we aimed to compare the pharmacodynamic effects of low-dosage treatment with betamethasone acetate only against a standard dosage of betamethasone phosphate and betamethasone acetate as recommended by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists for women at risk of imminent preterm delivery between 24 0/7 and 35 6/7 weeks' gestation. STUDY DESIGN Ewes carrying a single fetus at 122±1 days' gestation (term=150 days) were randomized to receive either (1) maternal intramuscular injections of sterile saline (the saline negative control group, n=12), (2) 2 maternal intramuscular injections of 0.25 mg/kg betamethasone phosphate+betamethasone acetate administered at 24-hour dosing intervals (the betamethasone phosphate+betamethasone acetate group, n=12); or (3) 2 maternal intramuscular injections of 0.125 mg/kg betamethasone acetate administered at 24-hour dosing intervals (the betamethasone acetate group, n=11). The fetuses were surgically delivered 48 hours after treatment initiation and ventilated for 30 minutes to determine functional lung maturation. The fetuses were euthanized after ventilation, and the lungs were collected for analysis using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. Fetal plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were measured in the cord blood samples taken at delivery. RESULTS Preterm lambs were defined as either antenatal corticosteroid treatment responders or nonresponders using an arbitrary cutoff, being a PaCO2 level at 30 minutes of ventilation being more extreme than 2 standard deviations from the mean value of the normally distributed saline control group values. Compared with the animals in the saline control group, the animals in the antenatal corticosteroid treatment groups showed significantly improved lung physiological responses (blood gas and ventilation data) and had a biochemical signature (messenger RNA and surfactant protein assays) consistent with functional maturation. However, the betamethasone acetate group had a significantly higher treatment response rate than the betamethasone phosphate+betamethasone acetate group. These physiological results were strongly correlated to the amount of surfactant protein A. Birthweight was lower in the betamethasone phosphate+betamethasone acetate group and the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis was suppressed to a greater extent in the betamethasone phosphate+betamethasone acetate group. CONCLUSION Low-dosage antenatal corticosteroid therapy solely employing betamethasone acetate was sufficient for fetal lung maturation. The elevated maternal-fetal betamethasone concentrations associated with the coadministration of betamethasone phosphate did not in addition improve lung maturation but were associated with greater fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression, a lower antenatal corticosteroid treatment response rate, and lower birthweight-outcomes not desirable in a clinical setting. These data warranted a clinical investigation of sustained low-dosage antenatal corticosteroid treatments that avoid high maternal-fetal betamethasone exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Takahashi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Erin L Fee
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Saito
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruo Usuda
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Lucy Furfaro
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sean Carter
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Augusto F Schmidt
- Perinatal Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - John P Newnham
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alan H Jobe
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Perinatal Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Matthew W Kemp
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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22
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A recipe for a good clinical pulmonary surfactant. Biomed J 2022; 45:615-628. [PMID: 35272060 PMCID: PMC9486245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lives of thousands premature babies have been saved along the last thirty years thanks to the establishment and consolidation of pulmonary surfactant replacement therapies (SRT). It took some time to close the gap between the identification of the biophysical and molecular causes of the high mortality associated with respiratory distress syndrome in very premature babies and the development of a proper therapy. Closing the gap required the elucidation of some key questions defining the structure–function relationships in surfactant as well as the particular role of the different molecular components assembled into the surfactant system. On the other hand, the application of SRT as part of treatments targeting other devastating respiratory pathologies, in babies and adults, is depending on further extensive research still required before enough amounts of good humanized clinical surfactants will be available. This review summarizes our current concepts on the compositional and structural determinants defining pulmonary surfactant activity, the principles behind the development of efficient natural animal-derived or recombinant or synthetic therapeutic surfactants, as well as a the most promising lines of research that are already opening new perspectives in the application of tailored surfactant therapies to treat important yet unresolved respiratory pathologies.
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23
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Abstract
In evaluating vitamin E (VE) nutritional status of preterm infants, it is essential that any data should be compared with those of healthy term infants, and never with those of adults. Moreover, it should be evaluated in terms of gestational age (GA), not birth weight (BW), because placental transfer of most nutrients from mother to fetus is dependent on GA, not BW. Judging from the limited data during the last 75 years, there was no significant correlation between GA and VE concentrations in circulation or in the red blood cells (RBCs), leukocytes, and buccal mucosal cells. In addition, the oxidizability of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in plasma or RBCs, as targets for protection by VE chain-breaking ability, was lower in preterm infants. However, because of the minimal information available about hepatic VE levels, which is considered a key determinant of whole body VE status, the decision on whether VE status of preterm infants is comparable with that of term infants should be postponed. Clinical trials of VE supplementation in preterm infants were repeatedly undertaken to investigate whether VE reduces severity or inhibits development of several diseases specific to preterm infants, namely retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and germinal matrix hemorrhage - intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH). Most of these trials resulted in a misfire, with a few exceptions for IVH prevention. However, almost all these studies were performed from 1980s to early 1990s, in the pre-surfactant era, and the study populations were composed of mid-preterm infants with GAs of approximately 30 weeks (wks). There is considerable difference in 'preterm infants' between the pre- and post-surfactant eras; modern neonatal medicine mainly treats preterm infants of 28 wks GA or less. Therefore, these results are difficult to apply in modern neonatal care. Before considering new trials of VE supplementation, we should fully understand modern neonatal medicine, especially the recent method of oxygen supplementation. Additionally, a deeper understanding of recent progress in pathophysiology and therapies for possible target diseases is necessary to decide whether VE administration is still worth re-challenging in modern neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). In this review, we present recent concepts and therapeutic trends in ROP, BPD, and GMH-IVH for those unfamiliar with neonatal medicine. Numerous studies have reported the possible involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage in relation to supplemental oxygen use, inflammation, and immature antioxidant defense in the development of both BPD and ROP. Various antioxidants effectively prevented the exacerbation of BPD and ROP in animal models. In the future, VE should be re-attempted as a complementary factor in combination with various therapies for BPD, ROP, and GMH-IVH. Because VE is a natural and safe supplement, we are certain that it will attract attention again in preterm medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Ogihara
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Makoto Mino
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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24
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Fluid Films as Models for Understanding the Impact of Inhaled Particles in Lung Surfactant Layers. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pollution is currently a public health problem associated with different cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. These are commonly originated as a result of the pollutant transport to the alveolar cavity after their inhalation. Once pollutants enter the alveolar cavity, they are deposited on the lung surfactant (LS) film, altering their mechanical performance which increases the respiratory work and can induce a premature alveolar collapse. Furthermore, the interactions of pollutants with LS can induce the formation of an LS corona decorating the pollutant surface, favoring their penetration into the bloodstream and distribution along different organs. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the most fundamental aspects of the interaction of particulate pollutants with LS to mitigate their effects, and design therapeutic strategies. However, the use of animal models is often invasive, and requires a careful examination of different bioethics aspects. This makes it necessary to design in vitro models mimicking some physico-chemical aspects with relevance for LS performance, which can be done by exploiting the tools provided by the science and technology of interfaces to shed light on the most fundamental physico-chemical bases governing the interaction between LS and particulate matter. This review provides an updated perspective of the use of fluid films of LS models for shedding light on the potential impact of particulate matter in the performance of LS film. It should be noted that even though the used model systems cannot account for some physiological aspects, it is expected that the information contained in this review can contribute on the understanding of the potential toxicological effects of air pollution.
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25
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Xu J, Li L, Ren J, Zhong X, Xie C, Zheng A, Abudukadier A, Tuerxun M, Zhang S, Tang L, Hairoula D, Zou X. Whole-Exome Sequencing Implicates the USP34 rs777591A > G Intron Variant in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Kashi Cohort. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:792027. [PMID: 35198563 PMCID: PMC8859106 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.792027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors are important factors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) onset. Plenty of risk and new causative genes for COPD have been identified in patients of the Chinese Han population. In contrast, we know considerably little concerning the genetics in the Kashi COPD population (Uyghur). This study aims at clarifying the genetic maps regarding COPD susceptibility in Kashi (China). Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used to analyze three Uyghur families with COPD in Kashi (eight patients and one healthy control). Sanger sequencing was also used to verify the WES results in 541 unrelated Uyghur COPD patients and 534 Uyghur healthy controls. WES showed 72 single nucleotide variants (SNVs), two deletions, and small insertions (InDels), 26 copy number variants (CNVs), and 34 structural variants (SVs), including g.71230620T > A (rs12449210T > A, NC_000,016.10) in the HYDIN axonemal central pair apparatus protein (HYDIN) gene and g.61190482A > G (rs777591A > G, NC_000002.12) in the ubiquitin-specific protease 34 (USP34) gene. After Sanger sequencing, we found that rs777591“AA” under different genetic models except for the dominant model (adjusted OR = 0.8559, 95%CI 0.6568–1.115, p > .05), could significantly reduce COPD risk, but rs12449210T > A was not related to COPD. In stratified analysis of smoking status, rs777591“AA” reduced COPD risk significantly among the nonsmoker group. Protein and mRNA expression of USP34 in cigarette smoke extract-treated BEAS-2b cells increased significantly compared with those in the control group. Our findings associate the USP34 rs777591“AA” genotype as a protector factor in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingran Xu
- Department of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Kashi, Kashi, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Kashi, Kashi, China
| | - Xuemei Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Kashi, Kashi, China
| | - Chengxin Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Kashi, Kashi, China
| | - Aifang Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Kashi, Kashi, China
| | - Ayiguzali Abudukadier
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Kashi, Kashi, China
| | - Maimaitiaili Tuerxun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Kashi, Kashi, China
| | - Sujie Zhang
- Department of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Lifeng Tang
- Department of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Kashi, Kashi, China
| | - Dilare Hairoula
- Department of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Kashi, Kashi, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zou
- Department of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Kashi, Kashi, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoguang Zou,
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26
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Numata M, Voelker DR. Anti-inflammatory and anti-viral actions of anionic pulmonary surfactant phospholipids. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159139. [PMID: 35240310 PMCID: PMC9050941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Cooney AL, Wambach JA, Sinn PL, McCray PB. Gene Therapy Potential for Genetic Disorders of Surfactant Dysfunction. Front Genome Ed 2022; 3:785829. [PMID: 35098209 PMCID: PMC8798122 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2021.785829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is critically important to prevent atelectasis by lowering the surface tension of the alveolar lining liquid. While respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is common in premature infants, severe RDS in term and late preterm infants suggests an underlying genetic etiology. Pathogenic variants in the genes encoding key components of pulmonary surfactant including surfactant protein B (SP-B, SFTPB gene), surfactant protein C (SP-C, SFTPC gene), and the ATP-Binding Cassette transporter A3 (ABCA3, ABCA3 gene) result in severe neonatal RDS or childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD). These proteins play essential roles in pulmonary surfactant biogenesis and are expressed in alveolar epithelial type II cells (AEC2), the progenitor cell of the alveolar epithelium. SP-B deficiency most commonly presents in the neonatal period with severe RDS and requires lung transplantation for survival. SFTPC mutations act in an autosomal dominant fashion and more commonly presents with chILD or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis than neonatal RDS. ABCA3 deficiency often presents as neonatal RDS or chILD. Gene therapy is a promising option to treat monogenic lung diseases. Successes and challenges in developing gene therapies for genetic disorders of surfactant dysfunction include viral vector design and tropism for target cell types. In this review, we explore adeno-associated virus (AAV), lentiviral, and adenoviral (Ad)-based vectors as delivery vehicles. Both gene addition and gene editing strategies are compared to best design treatments for lung diseases resulting from pathogenic variants in the SFTPB, SFTPC, and ABCA3 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Cooney
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ashley L. Cooney,
| | - Jennifer A. Wambach
- Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Patrick L. Sinn
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Paul B. McCray
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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28
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Hemming JM, Szyroka J, Shokano G, Arnold T, Skoda MWA, Rennie AR, Thompson KC. Changes to lung surfactant monolayers upon exposure to gas phase ozone observed using X-ray and neutron reflectivity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2022; 2:753-760. [PMID: 35923664 PMCID: PMC9281625 DOI: 10.1039/d2ea00032f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lung surfactant at the air water interface reacts with ozone leading to changes in surface tension, film thickness, structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M. Hemming
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Justyna Szyroka
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Gracia Shokano
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Thomas Arnold
- European Spallation Source, The ESS Campus, Lund, Sweden, SE-221 00
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Maximilian W. A. Skoda
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Adrian R. Rennie
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström and Centre for Neutron Scattering, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katherine C. Thompson
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
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29
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Autilio C. Techniques to evaluate surfactant activity for a personalized therapy of RDS neonates. Biomed J 2021; 44:671-677. [PMID: 34758409 PMCID: PMC8847822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to both European and American Guidelines, preterm neonates have to be treated by nasal continuous air pressure (CPAP) early in the delivery room. The administration of surfactant should be reserved only for babies with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) with increased oxygen requirement, according to different thresholds of FiO2. However, these oxygenation thresholds do not fully take into consideration the lung physiopathology and mechanics or the lung surfactant biology of RDS neonates. Since surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) seems to be more effective if it is initiated within the first 3 hours after birth, the use of a reliable bench-to-bedside biological test able to predict as soon as possible the necessity of SRT will help optimise individualised therapies and personalise the actual collective strategy used to treat RDS neonates. With this in mind, in the present review several quantitative and qualitative biological tests to assess the surfactant status in RDS neonates are introduced as potential candidates for the early prediction of SRT requirement, summarising the state-of-the-art in the evaluation of surfactant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Autilio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute ``Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)'', Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Jose Antonio Novais 12, Madrid, Spain; Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, "San Carlo" Hospital, Potenza, Italy.
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30
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Yau E, Chen Y, Song C, Webb J, Carillo M, Kawasawa YI, Tang Z, Takahashi Y, Umstead TM, Dovat S, Chroneos ZC. Genomic and epigenomic adaptation in SP-R210 (Myo18A) isoform-deficient macrophages. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152150. [PMID: 34735924 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, from regulating the inflammatory response to pathogens to resolving inflammation and aiding tissue repair. The surfactant protein A (SP-A) receptor SP-R210 (MYO18A) has been shown to affect basal and inflammatory macrophage states. Specifically, disruption of the longer splice isoform SP-R210L/MYO18Aα renders macrophages hyper-inflammatory, although the mechanism by which this occurs is not well understood. We asked whether disruption of the L isoform led to the hyper-inflammatory state via alteration of global genomic responses. RNA sequencing analysis of L isoform-deficient macrophages (SP-R210L(DN)) revealed basal and influenza-induced upregulation of genes associated with inflammatory pathways, such as TLR, RIG-I, NOD, and cytoplasmic DNA signaling, whereas knockout of both SP-R210 isoforms (L and S) only resulted in increased RIG-I and NOD signaling. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis showed increased genome-wide deposition of the pioneer transcription factor PU.1 in SP-R210L(DN) cells, with increased representation around genes relevant to inflammatory pathways. Additional ChIP-seq analysis of histone H3 methylation marks showed decreases in both repressive H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 marks with a commensurate increase in transcriptionally active (H3K4me3) histone marks in the L isoform deficient macrophages. Influenza A virus (IAV) infection, known to stimulate a wide array of anti-viral responses, caused a differential redistribution of PU.1 binding between proximal promoter and distal sites and decoupling from Toll-like receptor regulated gene promoters in SP-R210L(DN) cells. These finding suggest that the inflammatory differences seen in SP-R210L-deficient macrophages are a result of transcriptional differences that are mediated by epigenetic changes brought about by differential expression of the SP-R210 isoforms. This provides an avenue to explore how the signaling pathways downstream of the receptor and the ligands can modulate the macrophage inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Yau
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PA, USA.
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jason Webb
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Marykate Carillo
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yoshinori Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Todd M Umstead
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zissis C Chroneos
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PA, USA.
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31
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Huck B, Hidalgo A, Waldow F, Schwudke D, Gaede KI, Feldmann C, Carius P, Autilio C, Pérez-Gil J, Schwarzkopf K, Murgia X, Loretz B, Lehr CM. Systematic Analysis of Composition, Interfacial Performance and Effects of Pulmonary Surfactant Preparations on Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Aerosolized Nanomaterials. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Huck
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Department of Drug Delivery Saarland University Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrucken Germany
- Department of Pharmacy Saarland University Campus E8 1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Alberto Hidalgo
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Department of Drug Delivery Saarland University Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrucken Germany
| | - Franziska Waldow
- Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center Parkallee 1-40 23845 Borstel Germany
- German Center for Infection Research Thematic Translational Unit Tuberculosis Site Research Center Borstel Parkallee 1-40 23845 Borstel Germany
| | - Dominik Schwudke
- Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center Parkallee 1-40 23845 Borstel Germany
- German Center for Infection Research Thematic Translational Unit Tuberculosis Site Research Center Borstel Parkallee 1-40 23845 Borstel Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN) Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center Site Research Center Borstel Parkallee 1-40 Borstel 23845 Germany
| | - Karoline I. Gaede
- BioMaterialBank Nord, Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center Parkallee 35 23845 Borstel Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN) Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center Site Research Center Borstel Parkallee 1-40 Borstel 23845 Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Patrick Carius
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Department of Drug Delivery Saarland University Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrucken Germany
- Department of Pharmacy Saarland University Campus E8 1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Chiara Autilio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, and Research Institute “Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)” Complutense University 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Jesus Pérez-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, and Research Institute “Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)” Complutense University 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Konrad Schwarzkopf
- Klinikum Saarbrücken Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 66119 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Xabier Murgia
- Biotechnology Area GAIKER Technology Centre 48170 Zamudio Spain
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Department of Drug Delivery Saarland University Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrucken Germany
- Department of Pharmacy Saarland University Campus E8 1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Department of Drug Delivery Saarland University Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrucken Germany
- Department of Pharmacy Saarland University Campus E8 1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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32
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Ravera F, Miller R, Zuo YY, Noskov BA, Bykov AG, Kovalchuk VI, Loglio G, Javadi A, Liggieri L. Methods and models to investigate the physicochemical functionality of pulmonary surfactant. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Labarrere CA, Kassab GS. Pattern Recognition Proteins: First Line of Defense Against Coronaviruses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652252. [PMID: 34630377 PMCID: PMC8494786 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China, has become a worldwide pandemic affecting almost 204 million people and causing more than 4.3 million deaths as of August 11 2021. This pandemic has placed a substantial burden on the global healthcare system and the global economy. Availability of novel prophylactic and therapeutic approaches are crucially needed to prevent development of severe disease leading to major complications both acutely and chronically. The success in fighting this virus results from three main achievements: (a) Direct killing of the SARS-CoV-2 virus; (b) Development of a specific vaccine, and (c) Enhancement of the host's immune system. A fundamental necessity to win the battle against the virus involves a better understanding of the host's innate and adaptive immune response to the virus. Although the role of the adaptive immune response is directly involved in the generation of a vaccine, the role of innate immunity on RNA viruses in general, and coronaviruses in particular, is mostly unknown. In this review, we will consider the structure of RNA viruses, mainly coronaviruses, and their capacity to affect the lungs and the cardiovascular system. We will also consider the effects of the pattern recognition protein (PRP) trident composed by (a) Surfactant proteins A and D, mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and complement component 1q (C1q), (b) C-reactive protein, and (c) Innate and adaptive IgM antibodies, upon clearance of viral particles and apoptotic cells in lungs and atherosclerotic lesions. We emphasize on the role of pattern recognition protein immune therapies as a combination treatment to prevent development of severe respiratory syndrome and to reduce pulmonary and cardiovascular complications in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and summarize the need of a combined therapeutic approach that takes into account all aspects of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 disease to allow mankind to beat this pandemic killer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghassan S Kassab
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
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34
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Cino EA, Borbuliak M, Hu S, Tieleman DP. Lipid distributions and transleaflet cholesterol migration near heterogeneous surfaces in asymmetric bilayers. Faraday Discuss 2021; 232:103-113. [PMID: 34549760 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Specific and nonspecific protein-lipid interactions in cell membranes have important roles in an abundance of biological functions. We have used coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to assess lipid distributions and cholesterol flipping dynamics around surfaces in a model asymmetric plasma membrane containing one of six structurally distinct entities: aquaporin-1 (AQP1), the bacterial β-barrel outer membrane proteins OmpF and OmpX, the KcsA potassium channel, the WALP23 peptide and a carbon nanotube (CNT). Our findings revealed varied lipid partitioning and cholesterol flipping times around the different solutes and putative cholesterol binding sites in AQP1 and KcsA. The results suggest that protein-lipid interactions can be highly variable, and that surface-dependent lipid profiles are effectively manifested in CG simulations with the Martini force field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio A Cino
- Centre for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariia Borbuliak
- Centre for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Shangnong Hu
- Centre for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - D Peter Tieleman
- Centre for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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35
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Floros J, Thorenoor N, Tsotakos N, Phelps DS. Human Surfactant Protein SP-A1 and SP-A2 Variants Differentially Affect the Alveolar Microenvironment, Surfactant Structure, Regulation and Function of the Alveolar Macrophage, and Animal and Human Survival Under Various Conditions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:681639. [PMID: 34484180 PMCID: PMC8415824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.681639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human innate host defense molecules, SP-A1 and SP-A2 variants, differentially affect survival after infection in mice and in lung transplant patients. SP-A interacts with the sentinel innate immune cell in the alveolus, the alveolar macrophage (AM), and modulates its function and regulation. SP-A also plays a role in pulmonary surfactant-related aspects, including surfactant structure and reorganization. For most (if not all) pulmonary diseases there is a dysregulation of host defense and inflammatory processes and/or surfactant dysfunction or deficiency. Because SP-A plays a role in both of these general processes where one or both may become aberrant in pulmonary disease, SP-A stands to be an important molecule in health and disease. In humans (unlike in rodents) SP-A is encoded by two genes (SFTPA1 and SFTPA2) and each has been identified with extensive genetic and epigenetic complexity. In this review, we focus on functional, structural, and regulatory differences between the two SP-A gene-specific products, SP-A1 and SP-A2, and among their corresponding variants. We discuss the differential impact of these variants on the surfactant structure, the alveolar microenvironment, the regulation of epithelial type II miRNome, the regulation and function of the AM, the overall survival of the organism after infection, and others. Although there have been a number of reviews on SP-A, this is the first review that provides such a comprehensive account of the differences between human SP-A1 and SP-A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Floros
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Nithyananda Thorenoor
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Nikolaos Tsotakos
- School of Science, Engineering, and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, PA, United States
| | - David S Phelps
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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36
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Pioselli B, Salomone F, Mazzola G, Amidani D, Sgarbi E, Amadei F, Murgia X, Catinella S, Villetti G, De Luca D, Carnielli V, Civelli M. Pulmonary surfactant: a unique biomaterial with life-saving therapeutic applications. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:526-590. [PMID: 34525915 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210825110421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a complex lipoprotein mixture secreted into the alveolar lumen by type 2 pneumocytes, which is composed by tens of different lipids (approximately 90% of its entire mass) and surfactant proteins (approximately 10% of the mass). It is crucially involved in maintaining lung homeostasis by reducing the values of alveolar liquid surface tension close to zero at end-expiration, thereby avoiding the alveolar collapse, and assembling a chemical and physical barrier against inhaled pathogens. A deficient amount of surfactant or its functional inactivation is directly linked to a wide range of lung pathologies, including the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. This paper reviews the main biophysical concepts of surfactant activity and its inactivation mechanisms, and describes the past, present and future roles of surfactant replacement therapy, focusing on the exogenous surfactant preparations marketed worldwide and new formulations under development. The closing section describes the pulmonary surfactant in the context of drug delivery. Thanks to its peculiar composition, biocompatibility, and alveolar spreading capability, the surfactant may work not only as a shuttle to the branched anatomy of the lung for other drugs but also as a modulator for their release, opening to innovative therapeutic avenues for the treatment of several respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elisa Sgarbi
- Preclinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma. Italy
| | | | - Xabi Murgia
- Department of Biotechnology, GAIKER Technology Centre, Zamudio. Spain
| | | | | | - Daniele De Luca
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, Antoine Béclère Medical Center, APHP, South Paris University Hospitals, Paris, France; Physiopathology and Therapeutic Innovation Unit-U999, South Paris-Saclay University, Paris. France
| | - Virgilio Carnielli
- Division of Neonatology, G Salesi Women and Children's Hospital, Polytechnical University of Marche, Ancona. Italy
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37
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Simulated Breathing: Application of Molecular Dynamics Simulations to Pulmonary Lung Surfactant. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13071259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we delve into the topic of the pulmonary surfactant (PS) system, which is present in the respiratory system. The total composition of the PS has been presented and explored, from the types of cells involved in its synthesis and secretion, down to the specific building blocks used, such as the various lipid and protein components. The lipid and protein composition varies across species and between individuals, but ultimately produces a PS monolayer with the same role. As such, the composition has been investigated for the ways in which it imposes function and confers peculiar biophysical characteristics to the system as a whole. Moreover, a couple of theories/models that are associated with the functions of PS have been addressed. Finally, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations of pulmonary surfactant have been emphasized to not only showcase various group’s findings, but also to demonstrate the validity and importance that MD simulations can have in future research exploring the PS monolayer system.
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38
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Wang S, Li Z, Wang X, Zhang S, Gao P, Shi Z. The Role of Pulmonary Surfactants in the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:698905. [PMID: 34267664 PMCID: PMC8276044 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.698905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung alveolar type-II (AT-II) cells produce pulmonary surfactant (PS), consisting of proteins and lipids. The lipids in PS are primarily responsible for reducing the air-fluid surface tension inside the alveoli of the lungs and to prevent atelectasis. The proteins are of two types: hydrophilic and hydrophobic. Hydrophilic surfactants are primarily responsible for opsonisation, thereby protecting the lungs from microbial and environmental contaminants. Hydrophobic surfactants are primarily responsible for respiratory function. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the lungs through ACE-2 receptors on lungs and replicates in AT-II cells leading to the etiology of Coronavirus disease - 2019 (COVID-19). The SARS-CoV-2 virus damages the AT-II cells and results in decreased production of PS. The clinical symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 patients are like those of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). The PS treatment is first-line treatment option for NRDS and found to be well tolerated in ARDS patients with inconclusive efficacy. Over the past 70°years, a lot of research is underway to produce natural/synthetic PS and developing systems for delivering PS directly to the lungs, in addition to finding the association between PS levels and respiratory illnesses. In the present COVID-19 pandemic situation, the scientific community all over the world is searching for the effective therapeutic options to improve the clinical outcomes. With a strong scientific and evidence-based background on role of PS in lung homeostasis and infection, few clinical trials were initiated to evaluate the functions of PS in COVID-19. Here, we connect the data on PS with reference to pulmonary physiology and infection with its possible therapeutic benefit in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengguang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shiming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zuorong Shi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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39
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Viklund E, Bake B, Hussain-Alkhateeb L, Koca Akdeva H, Larsson P, Olin AC. Current smoking alters phospholipid- and surfactant protein A levels in small airway lining fluid: An explorative study on exhaled breath. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253825. [PMID: 34170967 PMCID: PMC8232447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small airways are difficult to access. Exhaled droplets, also referred to as particles, provide a sample of small airway lining fluid and may reflect inflammatory responses. We aimed to explore the effect of smoking on the composition and number of exhaled particles in a smoker-enriched study population. We collected and chemically analyzed exhaled particles from 102 subjects (29 never smokers, 36 former smokers and 37 current smokers) aged 39 to 83 years (median 63). A breathing maneuver maximized the number exhaled particles, which were quantified with a particle counter. The contents of surfactant protein A and albumin in exhaled particles was quantified with immunoassays and the contents of the phospholipids dipalmitoyl- and palmitoyl-oleoyl- phosphatidylcholine with mass spectrometry. Subjects also performed spirometry and nitrogen single breath washout. Associations between smoking status and the distribution of contents in exhaled particles and particle number concentration were tested with quantile regression, after adjusting for potential confounders. Current smokers, compared to never smokers, had higher number exhaled particles and more surfactant protein A in the particles. The magnitude of the effects of current smoking varied along the distribution of each PEx-variable. Among subjects with normal lung function, phospholipid levels were elevated in current smokers, in comparison to no effect of smoking on these lipids at abnormal lung function. Smoking increased exhaled number of particles and the contents of lipids and surfactant protein A in the particles. These findings might reflect early inflammatory responses to smoking in small airway lining fluid, also when lung function is within normal limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Viklund
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Björn Bake
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Laith Hussain-Alkhateeb
- Global Health, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hatice Koca Akdeva
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Larsson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin Olin
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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40
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Polyhydroxyalkanoate Nanoparticles for Pulmonary Drug Delivery: Interaction with Lung Surfactant. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061482. [PMID: 34204969 PMCID: PMC8229857 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are polyesters produced intracellularly by many bacterial species as energy storage materials, which are used in biomedical applications, including drug delivery systems, due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, we evaluated the potential application of this nanomaterial as a basis of inhaled drug delivery systems. To that end, we assessed the possible interaction between PHA nanoparticles (NPs) and pulmonary surfactant using dynamic light scattering, Langmuir balances, and epifluorescence microscopy. Our results demonstrate that NPs deposited onto preformed monolayers of DPPC or DPPC/POPG bind these surfactant lipids. This interaction facilitated the translocation of the nanomaterial towards the aqueous subphase, with the subsequent loss of lipid from the interface. NPs that remained at the interface associated with liquid expanded (LE)/tilted condensed (TC) phase boundaries, decreasing the size of condensed domains and promoting the intermixing of TC and LE phases at submicroscopic scale. This provided the stability necessary for attaining high surface pressures upon compression, countering the destabilization induced by lipid loss. These effects were observed only for high NP loads, suggesting a limit for the use of these NPs in pulmonary drug delivery.
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41
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Stasi A, Franzin R, Fiorentino M, Squiccimarro E, Castellano G, Gesualdo L. Multifaced Roles of HDL in Sepsis and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Renal Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5980. [PMID: 34205975 PMCID: PMC8197836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are a class of blood particles, principally involved in mediating reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissue to liver. Omics approaches have identified crucial mediators in the HDL proteomic and lipidomic profile, which are involved in distinct pleiotropic functions. Besides their role as cholesterol transporter, HDLs display anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-thrombotic, and anti-infection properties. Experimental and clinical studies have unveiled significant changes in both HDL serum amount and composition that lead to dysregulated host immune response and endothelial dysfunction in the course of sepsis. Most SARS-Coronavirus-2-infected patients admitted to the intensive care unit showed common features of sepsis disease, such as the overwhelmed systemic inflammatory response and the alterations in serum lipid profile. Despite relevant advances, episodes of mild to moderate acute kidney injury (AKI), occurring during systemic inflammatory diseases, are associated with long-term complications, and high risk of mortality. The multi-faceted relationship of kidney dysfunction with dyslipidemia and inflammation encourages to deepen the clarification of the mechanisms connecting these elements. This review analyzes the multifaced roles of HDL in inflammatory diseases, the renal involvement in lipid metabolism, and the novel potential HDL-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Stasi
- Renal, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Rossana Franzin
- Renal, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Marco Fiorentino
- Renal, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Enrico Squiccimarro
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplant (DETO), University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Department, Heart & Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Renal, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (M.F.)
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42
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Da Silva E, Vogel U, Hougaard KS, Pérez-Gil J, Zuo YY, Sørli JB. An adverse outcome pathway for lung surfactant function inhibition leading to decreased lung function. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 2:225-236. [PMID: 34345865 PMCID: PMC8320609 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled substances, such as consumer products, chemicals at the workplace, and nanoparticles, can affect the lung function in several ways. In this paper, we explore the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) that starts when inhaled substances that reach the alveoli inhibit the function of the lung surfactant, and leads to decreased lung function. Lung surfactant covers the inner surface of the alveoli, and regulates the surface tension at the air-liquid interface during breathing. The inhibition of the lung surfactant function leads to alveolar collapse because of the resulting high surface tension at the end of expiration. The collapsed alveoli can be re-opened by inspiration, but this re-opening causes shear stress on cells covering the alveoli. This can damage the alveolar-capillary membrane integrity, allowing blood components to enter the alveolar airspace. Blood components, such as albumin, can interact with the lung surfactant and further inhibit its function. The collapse of the alveoli is responsible for a decrease in the surface area available for blood oxygenation, and it reduces the volume of air that can be inhaled and exhaled. These different key events lead to decreased lung function, characterized by clinical signs of respiratory toxicity and reduced blood oxygenation. Here we present the weight of evidence that supports the AOP, and we give an overview of the methods available in vitro and in vivo to measure each key event of the pathway, and how this AOP can potentially be used in screening for inhalation toxicity.
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Key Words
- AO, adverse outcome
- AOP, adverse outcome pathway
- ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Adverse outcome pathway
- Alternative method
- EAGMST, Extended Advisory Group on Molecular Screening and Toxicogenomics
- GHS, Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
- Inhalation
- KE, key event
- Lung surfactant
- MIE, molecular initiating event
- Nanomaterials
- New approach methodology
- OECD, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
- OI, oxygenation index
- PaO2, dissolved oxygen in the plasma
- SaO2, percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen
- Spray products
- TEER, trans epithelial electrical resistance
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Da Silva
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karin S. Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesus Pérez-Gil
- Faculty of Biology and Research Institute “12 de Octubre (imas12)”, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yi Y. Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Jorid B. Sørli
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Arroyo R, Kingma PS. Surfactant protein D and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a new way to approach an old problem. Respir Res 2021; 22:141. [PMID: 33964929 PMCID: PMC8105703 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a collectin protein synthesized by alveolar type II cells in the lungs. SP-D participates in the innate immune defense of the lungs by helping to clear infectious pathogens and modulating the immune response. SP-D has shown an anti-inflammatory role by down-regulating the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in different signaling pathways such as the TLR4, decreasing the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lung, and modulating the oxidative metabolism in the lungs. Recombinant human SP-D (rhSP-D) has been successfully produced mimicking the structure and functions of native SP-D. Several in vitro and in vivo experiments using different animal models have shown that treatment with rhSP-D reduces the lung inflammation originated by different insults, and that rhSP-D could be a potential treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a rare disease for which there is no effective therapy up to date. BPD is a complex disease in preterm infants whose incidence increases with decreasing gestational age at birth. Lung inflammation, which is caused by different prenatal and postnatal factors like infections, lung hyperoxia and mechanical ventilation, among others, is the key player in BPD. Exacerbated inflammation causes lung tissue injury that results in a deficient gas exchange in the lungs of preterm infants and frequently leads to long-term chronic lung dysfunction during childhood and adulthood. In addition, low SP-D levels and activity in the first days of life in preterm infants have been correlated with a worse pulmonary outcome in BPD. Thus, SP-D mediated functions in the innate immune response could be critical aspects of the pathogenesis in BPD and SP-D could inhibit lung tissue injury in this preterm population. Therefore, administration of rhSP-D has been proposed as promising therapy that could prevent BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Arroyo
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave. ML7029, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Paul S Kingma
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave. ML7029, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA. .,Airway Therapeutics Inc, Cincinnati, OH, 45249, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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44
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Kiener M, Roldan N, Machahua C, Sengupta A, Geiser T, Guenat OT, Funke-Chambour M, Hobi N, Kruithof-de Julio M. Human-Based Advanced in vitro Approaches to Investigate Lung Fibrosis and Pulmonary Effects of COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:644678. [PMID: 34026781 PMCID: PMC8139419 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.644678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused considerable socio-economic burden, which fueled the development of treatment strategies and vaccines at an unprecedented speed. However, our knowledge on disease recovery is sparse and concerns about long-term pulmonary impairments are increasing. Causing a broad spectrum of symptoms, COVID-19 can manifest as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the most severely affected patients. Notably, pulmonary infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causing agent of COVID-19, induces diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) followed by fibrotic remodeling and persistent reduced oxygenation in some patients. It is currently not known whether tissue scaring fully resolves or progresses to interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. The most aggressive form of pulmonary fibrosis is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). IPF is a fatal disease that progressively destroys alveolar architecture by uncontrolled fibroblast proliferation and the deposition of collagen and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. It is assumed that micro-injuries to the alveolar epithelium may be induced by inhalation of micro-particles, pathophysiological mechanical stress or viral infections, which can result in abnormal wound healing response. However, the exact underlying causes and molecular mechanisms of lung fibrosis are poorly understood due to the limited availability of clinically relevant models. Recently, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 with the urgent need to investigate its pathogenesis and address drug options, has led to the broad application of in vivo and in vitro models to study lung diseases. In particular, advanced in vitro models including precision-cut lung slices (PCLS), lung organoids, 3D in vitro tissues and lung-on-chip (LOC) models have been successfully employed for drug screens. In order to gain a deeper understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection and ultimately alveolar tissue regeneration, it will be crucial to optimize the available models for SARS-CoV-2 infection in multicellular systems that recapitulate tissue regeneration and fibrotic remodeling. Current evidence for SARS-CoV-2 mediated pulmonary fibrosis and a selection of classical and novel lung models will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Kiener
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nuria Roldan
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Machahua
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arunima Sengupta
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Thierry Guenat
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Funke-Chambour
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nina Hobi
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Kruithof-de Julio
- Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
- Organoid Core, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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45
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Delafiori J, Navarro LC, Siciliano RF, de Melo GC, Busanello EN, Nicolau JC, Sales GM, de Oliveira AN, Val FFA, de Oliveira DN, Eguti A, dos Santos LA, Dalçóquio TF, Bertolin AJ, Abreu-Netto RL, Salsoso R, Baía-da-Silva D, Marcondes-Braga FG, Sampaio VS, Judice CC, Costa FT, Durán N, Perroud MW, Sabino EC, Lacerda MV, Reis LO, Fávaro WJ, Monteiro WM, Rocha AR, Catharino RR. Covid-19 Automated Diagnosis and Risk Assessment through Metabolomics and Machine Learning. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2471-2479. [PMID: 33471512 PMCID: PMC8023531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is still placing a heavy health and financial burden worldwide. Impairment in patient screening and risk management plays a fundamental role on how governments and authorities are directing resources, planning reopening, as well as sanitary countermeasures, especially in regions where poverty is a major component in the equation. An efficient diagnostic method must be highly accurate, while having a cost-effective profile. We combined a machine learning-based algorithm with mass spectrometry to create an expeditious platform that discriminate COVID-19 in plasma samples within minutes, while also providing tools for risk assessment, to assist healthcare professionals in patient management and decision-making. A cross-sectional study enrolled 815 patients (442 COVID-19, 350 controls and 23 COVID-19 suspicious) from three Brazilian epicenters from April to July 2020. We were able to elect and identify 19 molecules related to the disease's pathophysiology and several discriminating features to patient's health-related outcomes. The method applied for COVID-19 diagnosis showed specificity >96% and sensitivity >83%, and specificity >80% and sensitivity >85% during risk assessment, both from blinded data. Our method introduced a new approach for COVID-19 screening, providing the indirect detection of infection through metabolites and contextualizing the findings with the disease's pathophysiology. The pairwise analysis of biomarkers brought robustness to the model developed using machine learning algorithms, transforming this screening approach in a tool with great potential for real-world application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeany Delafiori
- Innovare
Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária
Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 350-13083-970, Brazil
| | - Luiz Cláudio Navarro
- RECOD
Laboratory, Computing Institute, University
of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz,, Campinas, São Paulo 573-13083-852, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Focaccia Siciliano
- Clinical
Division of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
- Instituto
do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 44-05403-90, Brazil
| | - Gisely Cardoso de Melo
- Tropical
Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas 69040-000,Brazil
- Amazonas
State University, Manaus, Amazonas 25-69040-000, Brazil
| | - Estela Natacha
Brandt Busanello
- Innovare
Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária
Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 350-13083-970, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Nicolau
- Instituto
do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 44-05403-90, Brazil
| | - Geovana Manzan Sales
- Innovare
Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária
Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 350-13083-970, Brazil
| | - Arthur Noin de Oliveira
- Innovare
Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária
Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 350-13083-970, Brazil
| | - Fernando Fonseca Almeida Val
- Tropical
Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas 69040-000,Brazil
- Amazonas
State University, Manaus, Amazonas 25-69040-000, Brazil
| | - Diogo Noin de Oliveira
- Innovare
Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária
Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 350-13083-970, Brazil
| | - Adriana Eguti
- Sumaré
State Hospital, Sumaré, São Paulo 2400-13175-490, Brazil
| | | | - Talia Falcão Dalçóquio
- Instituto
do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 44-05403-90, Brazil
| | - Adriadne Justi Bertolin
- Instituto
do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 44-05403-90, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Linhares Abreu-Netto
- Tropical
Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas 69040-000,Brazil
- Amazonas
State University, Manaus, Amazonas 25-69040-000, Brazil
| | - Rocio Salsoso
- Instituto
do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 44-05403-90, Brazil
| | - Djane Baía-da-Silva
- Tropical
Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas 69040-000,Brazil
- Amazonas
State University, Manaus, Amazonas 25-69040-000, Brazil
| | - Fabiana G Marcondes-Braga
- Instituto
do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 44-05403-90, Brazil
| | - Vanderson Souza Sampaio
- Tropical
Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas 69040-000,Brazil
- Health
Surveillance Foundation of Amazonas State, Manaus, Amazonas, 4010-69093-018 Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina Judice
- Laboratory
of Tropical Diseases, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Fabio Trindade
Maranhão Costa
- Laboratory
of Tropical Diseases, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Nelson Durán
- Laboratory
of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-865, Brazil
| | | | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Institute
of Tropical Medicine, University of São
Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo 470-05403-000,Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius
Guimarães Lacerda
- Tropical
Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas 69040-000,Brazil
- Leônidas and Maria Deane Institute, Manaus, Amazonas, 476-69057-070 Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Reis
- UroScience
Laboratory, University of Campinas, Cidade
Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 126-13083-887, Brazil
| | - Wagner José Fávaro
- Laboratory
of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
- Tropical
Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas 69040-000,Brazil
- Amazonas
State University, Manaus, Amazonas 25-69040-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson Rezende Rocha
- RECOD
Laboratory, Computing Institute, University
of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz,, Campinas, São Paulo 573-13083-852, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ramos Catharino
- Innovare
Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária
Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo 350-13083-970, Brazil
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46
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Gandhi CK, Chen C, Amatya S, Yang L, Fu C, Zhou S, Wu R, Buendía-Roldan I, Selman M, Pardo A, Floros J. SNP and Haplotype Interaction Models Reveal Association of Surfactant Protein Gene Polymorphisms With Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis of Mexican Population. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:588404. [PMID: 33469544 PMCID: PMC7813780 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.588404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease caused by inhalation of common environmental organic particles. Surfactant proteins (SPs) play a role in innate immunity and surfactant function. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or haplotypes of the SP genes associate with HP. Methods: Seventy-five HP patients caused by avian antigen and 258 controls, asymptomatic antigen exposed and non-exposed were enrolled. SNP association was performed using logistic regression analysis and SNP-SNP interaction models. Results: Based on odds ratio, regression analyses showed association of (a) rs7316_G, 1A3 (protective) compared to antigen exposed; (b) male sex, smoking, rs721917_T and rs1130866_T (protective) compared to non-exposed controls with HP; (c) compared to antigen exposed, 25 interactions associated with HP in a three-SNP model; (d) compared to non-exposed, (i) rs1136451 associated with increased, whereas rs1136450 and rs1130866 associated with lower HP risk, (ii) 97 interactions associated with HP in a three-SNP model. The majority of SNP-SNP interactions associated with increased HP risk involved SNPs of the hydrophilic SPs, whereas, the majority of interactions associated with lower HP risk involved SNPs of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic SPs; (e) haplotypes of SP genes associated with HP risk. Conclusions: The complexity of SNPs interactions of the SFTP genes observed indicate that the lung inflammatory response to avian antigens is modulated by a complex gene interplay rather than by single SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan K. Gandhi
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Chixiang Chen
- Department of Public Health Science, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Shaili Amatya
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Lili Yang
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenqi Fu
- Department of Public Health Science, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Shouhao Zhou
- Department of Public Health Science, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Rongling Wu
- Department of Public Health Science, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Ivette Buendía-Roldan
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moisés Selman
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Annie Pardo
- Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joanna Floros
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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47
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Amatya S, Ye M, Yang L, Gandhi CK, Wu R, Nagourney B, Floros J. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Interactions of the Surfactant Protein Genes Associated With Respiratory Distress Syndrome Susceptibility in Preterm Infants. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:682160. [PMID: 34671583 PMCID: PMC8521105 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.682160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), due to surfactant deficiency in preterm infants, is the most common cause of respiratory morbidity. The surfactant proteins (SFTP) genetic variants have been well-studied in association with RDS; however, the impact of SNP-SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) interactions on RDS has not been addressed. Therefore, this study utilizes a newer statistical model to determine the association of SFTP single SNP model and SNP-SNP interactions in a two and a three SNP interaction model with RDS susceptibility. Methods: This study used available genotype and clinical data in the Floros biobank at Penn State University. The patients consisted of 848 preterm infants, born <36 weeks of gestation, with 477 infants with RDS and 458 infants without RDS. Seventeen well-studied SFTPA1, SFTPA2, SFTPB, SFTPC, and SFTPD SNPs were investigated. Wang's statistical model was employed to test and identify significant associations in a case-control study. Results: Only the rs17886395 (C allele) of the SFTPA2 was associated with protection for RDS in a single-SNP model (Odd's Ratio 0.16, 95% CI 0.06-0.43, adjusted p = 0.03). The highest number of interactions (n = 27) in the three SNP interactions were among SFTPA1 and SFTPA2. The three SNP models showed intergenic and intragenic interactions among all SFTP SNPs except SFTPC. Conclusion: The single SNP model and SNP interactions using the two and three SNP interactions models identified SFTP-SNP associations with RDS. However, the large number of significant associations containing SFTPA1 and/or SFTPA2 SNPs point to the importance of SFTPA1 and SFTPA2 in RDS susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaili Amatya
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Meixia Ye
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Yang
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chintan K Gandhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Rongling Wu
- Public Health Science, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Beth Nagourney
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joanna Floros
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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48
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Zuo YY, Uspal WE, Wei T. Airborne Transmission of COVID-19: Aerosol Dispersion, Lung Deposition, and Virus-Receptor Interactions. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16502-16524. [PMID: 33236896 PMCID: PMC7724984 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), due to infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is now causing a global pandemic. Aerosol transmission of COVID-19, although plausible, has not been confirmed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a general transmission route. Considering the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, especially nosocomial outbreaks and other superspreading events, there is an urgent need to study the possibility of airborne transmission and its impact on the lung, the primary body organ attacked by the virus. Here, we review the complete pathway of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from aerosol dispersion in air to subsequent biological uptake after inhalation. In particular, we first review the aerodynamic and colloidal mechanisms by which aerosols disperse and transmit in air and deposit onto surfaces. We then review the fundamental mechanisms that govern regional deposition of micro- and nanoparticles in the lung. Focus is given to biophysical interactions between particles and the pulmonary surfactant film, the initial alveolar-capillary barrier and first-line host defense system against inhaled particles and pathogens. Finally, we summarize the current understanding about the structural dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its interactions with receptors at the atomistic and molecular scales, primarily as revealed by molecular dynamics simulations. This review provides urgent and multidisciplinary knowledge toward understanding the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and its health impact on the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Y. Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Hawaii at Manoa,
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, John A.
Burns School of Medicine, University of
Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96826, United
States
| | - William E. Uspal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Hawaii at Manoa,
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Tao Wei
- Chemical Engineering Department,
Howard University, Washington, DC
20059, United States
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49
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Wang HY, Bharti D, Levental I. Membrane Heterogeneity Beyond the Plasma Membrane. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:580814. [PMID: 33330457 PMCID: PMC7710808 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.580814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure and organization of cellular membranes have received intense interest, particularly in investigations of the raft hypothesis. The vast majority of these investigations have focused on the plasma membrane of mammalian cells, yielding significant progress in understanding membrane heterogeneity in terms of lipid composition, molecular structure, dynamic regulation, and functional relevance. In contrast, investigations on lipid organization in other membrane systems have been comparatively scarce, despite the likely relevance of membrane domains in these contexts. In this review, we summarize recent observations on lipid organization in organellar membranes, including endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, endo-lysosomes, lipid droplets, and secreted membranes like lung surfactant, milk fat globule membranes, and viral membranes. Across these non-plasma membrane systems, it seems that the biophysical principles underlying lipid self-organization contribute to lateral domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yin Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Deepti Bharti
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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50
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Mechanical ventilation-induced alterations of intracellular surfactant pool and blood-gas barrier in healthy and pre-injured lungs. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 155:183-202. [PMID: 33188462 PMCID: PMC7910377 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01938-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation triggers the manifestation of lung injury and pre-injured lungs are more susceptible. Ventilation-induced abnormalities of alveolar surfactant are involved in injury progression. The effects of mechanical ventilation on the surfactant system might be different in healthy compared to pre-injured lungs. In the present study, we investigated the effects of different positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilations on the structure of the blood–gas barrier, the ultrastructure of alveolar epithelial type II (AE2) cells and the intracellular surfactant pool (= lamellar bodies, LB). Rats were randomized into bleomycin-pre-injured or healthy control groups. One day later, rats were either not ventilated, or ventilated with PEEP = 1 or 5 cmH2O and a tidal volume of 10 ml/kg bodyweight for 3 h. Left lungs were subjected to design-based stereology, right lungs to measurements of surfactant proteins (SP−) B and C expression. In pre-injured lungs without ventilation, the expression of SP-C was reduced by bleomycin; while, there were fewer and larger LB compared to healthy lungs. PEEP = 1 cmH2O ventilation of bleomycin-injured lungs was linked with the thickest blood–gas barrier due to increased septal interstitial volumes. In healthy lungs, increasing PEEP levels reduced mean AE2 cell size and volume of LB per AE2 cell; while in pre-injured lungs, volumes of AE2 cells and LB per cell remained stable across PEEPs. Instead, in pre-injured lungs, increasing PEEP levels increased the number and decreased the mean size of LB. In conclusion, mechanical ventilation-induced alterations in LB ultrastructure differ between healthy and pre-injured lungs. PEEP = 1 cmH2O but not PEEP = 5 cmH2O ventilation aggravated septal interstitial abnormalities after bleomycin challenge.
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