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Awad SM, Elgazzar HM, Hassan EH, Allam ET, Zaid AB, Elkhadry SW, Rizk SK, Fotoh DS, Salem TAEH. Leptin gene Polymorphism and Leptin protein levels in Pediatric Autoimmune Hepatitis. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38808600 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2024.2360083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin plays a role in regulating energy balance, immunity, and inflammation. Studies suggest higher leptin levels might be associated with various autoimmune diseases. Most of them were in adult. To our knowledge, our study is one of the few that describe serum leptin level and leptin gene polymorphism in children with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). OBJECTIVE Our study aims to explore the association between serum leptin level and genetic variations in leptin gene with the likelihood of AIH in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-one children with AIH and 29 healthy children serving as a control group were included. Serum leptin levels were measured by ELISA assays. Leptin rs2167270 genotyping was done using the real time-PCR. The relationship of serum leptin level and leptin gene polymorphism with patients' data was studied. Patients follow up to assess treatment response. RESULTS Children with AIH had significantly higher levels of leptin compared to healthy controls. GG genotype was significantly more prevalent in the AIH group compared to controls. CONCLUSION High serum leptin levels and leptin gene polymorphism may play a role in AIH development. It is worthy to recognize if leptin can serve as diagnostic and/or therapeutic target in AIH in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah M Awad
- Department of Clinical microbiology and immunology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-koom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M Elgazzar
- Department of Clinical microbiology and immunology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-koom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Eman H Hassan
- Department of Clinical microbiology and immunology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-koom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Esraa T Allam
- Department of Clinical pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-koom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B Zaid
- Immunology department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-koom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Sally W Elkhadry
- Department of Epidemiology and preventive medicine, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-koom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Sara K Rizk
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology department, Faculty of Medicine, Menofia University, Shebin El-koom, Egypt
| | - Dina S Fotoh
- Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation department, Faculty of Medicine, Menofia University, Shebin El-koom, Egypt
| | - Tahany Abd El Hamid Salem
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-koom, Menoufia, Egypt
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Kim W, Chu JO, Kim DY, Lee SH, Choi CH, Lee KH. Mimicking chronic alcohol effects through a controlled and sustained ethanol release device. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:31. [PMID: 38715085 PMCID: PMC11077717 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption, a pervasive societal issue, poses considerable health risks and socioeconomic consequences. Alcohol-induced hepatic disorders, such as fatty liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis, underscore the need for comprehensive research. Existing challenges in mimicking chronic alcohol exposure in cellular systems, attributed to ethanol evaporation, necessitate innovative approaches. In this study, we developed a simple, reusable, and controllable device for examining the physiological reactions of hepatocytes to long-term alcohol exposure. Our approach involved a novel device designed to continuously release ethanol into the culture medium, maintaining a consistent ethanol concentration over several days. We evaluated device performance by examining gene expression patterns and cytokine secretion alterations during long-term exposure to ethanol. These patterns were correlated with those observed in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Our results suggest that our ethanol-releasing device can be used as a valuable tool to study the mechanisms of chronic alcohol-mediated hepatic diseases at the cellular level. Our device offers a practical solution for studying chronic alcohol exposure, providing a reliable platform for cellular research. This innovative tool holds promise for advancing our understanding of the molecular processes involved in chronic alcohol-mediated hepatic diseases. Future research avenues should explore broader applications and potential implications for predicting and treating alcohol-related illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanil Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ok Chu
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyung Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Ha Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Chang YC, Yu MH, Huang HP, Chen DH, Yang MY, Wang CJ. Mulberry leaf extract inhibits obesity and protects against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2024; 14:266-275. [PMID: 38707917 PMCID: PMC11068992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mulberry leaf has been recognized as a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, which was distributed throughout the Asia. The aqueous extract of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) has various biologically active components such as polyphenols and flavonoids. However, the inhibitory effect of MLE in hepatocarcinogenesis is poorly understood. In this study, we determined the role of MLE supplementation in preventing hepatocarcinogenesis in a carcinogen-initiated high-fat diet (HFD)-promoted Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model. The rats were fed an HFD to induce obesity and spontaneous hepatomas by administering 0.01% diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in their drinking water for 12 weeks (HD group), and also to fed MLE through oral ingestion at daily doses of 0.5%, 1%, or 2%. At the end of the 12-week experimental period, the liver tumors were analyzed to identify markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities, and their serum was analyzed to determine their nutritional status and liver function. Histopathological analysis revealed that MLE supplementation significantly suppressed the severity and incidence of hepatic tumors. Furthermore, compared with the HFD + DEN groups, the expression of protein kinase C (PKC)-α and Rac family small GTPase 1 (Rac1) was lower in the MLE groups. These findings suggest that MLE prevents obesity-enhanced, carcinogen-induced hepatocellular carcinoma development, potentially through the protein kinase C (PKC)α/Rac1 signaling pathway. MLE might be an effective chemoprevention modality for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ching Chang
- Department of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsun Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Pei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Medical College, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Hui Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Yuan Yang
- Department of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Department of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
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Guerra-Ávila PL, Guzmán TJ, Vargas-Guerrero B, Domínguez-Rosales JA, Cervantes-Garduño AB, Salazar-Montes AM, Sánchez-Orozco LV, Gurrola-Díaz CM. Comparative Screening of the Liver Gene Expression Profiles from Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Rat Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4151. [PMID: 38673735 PMCID: PMC11050131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Experimental animal models of diabetes can be useful for identifying novel targets related to disease, for understanding its physiopathology, and for evaluating emerging antidiabetic treatments. This study aimed to characterize two rat diabetes models: HFD + STZ, a high-fat diet (60% fat) combined with streptozotocin administration (STZ, 35 mg/kg BW), and a model with a single STZ dose (65 mg/kg BW) in comparison with healthy rats. HFD + STZ- induced animals demonstrated a stable hyperglycemia range (350-450 mg/dL), whereas in the STZ-induced rats, we found glucose concentration values with a greater dispersion, ranging from 270 to 510 mg/dL. Moreover, in the HFD + STZ group, the AUC value of the insulin tolerance test (ITT) was found to be remarkably augmented by 6.2-fold higher than in healthy animals (33,687.0 ± 1705.7 mg/dL/min vs. 5469.0 ± 267.6, respectively), indicating insulin resistance (IR). In contrast, a more moderate AUC value was observed in the STZ group (19,059.0 ± 3037.4 mg/dL/min) resulting in a value 2.5-fold higher than the average exhibited by the control group. After microarray experiments on liver tissue from all animals, we analyzed genes exhibiting a fold change value in gene expression <-2 or >2 (p-value <0.05). We found 27,686 differentially expressed genes (DEG), identified the top 10 DEGs and detected 849 coding genes that exhibited opposite expression patterns between both diabetes models (491 upregulated genes in the STZ model and 358 upregulated genes in HFD + STZ animals). Finally, we performed an enrichment analysis of the 849 selected genes. Whereas in the STZ model we found cellular pathways related to lipid biosynthesis and metabolism, in the HFD + STZ model we identified pathways related to immunometabolism. Some phenotypic differences observed in the models could be explained by transcriptomic results; however, further studies are needed to corroborate these findings. Our data confirm that the STZ and the HFD + STZ models are reliable experimental models for human T1D and T2D, respectively. These results also provide insight into alterations in the expression of specific liver genes and could be utilized in future studies focusing on diabetes complications associated with impaired liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Lucía Guerra-Ávila
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (C.U.C.S.), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Puerta peatonal 7, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara C.P. 44350, Mexico; (P.L.G.-Á.); (T.J.G.); (B.V.-G.); (J.A.D.-R.); (A.M.S.-M.); (L.V.S.-O.)
| | - Tereso J. Guzmán
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (C.U.C.S.), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Puerta peatonal 7, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara C.P. 44350, Mexico; (P.L.G.-Á.); (T.J.G.); (B.V.-G.); (J.A.D.-R.); (A.M.S.-M.); (L.V.S.-O.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Belinda Vargas-Guerrero
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (C.U.C.S.), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Puerta peatonal 7, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara C.P. 44350, Mexico; (P.L.G.-Á.); (T.J.G.); (B.V.-G.); (J.A.D.-R.); (A.M.S.-M.); (L.V.S.-O.)
| | - José Alfredo Domínguez-Rosales
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (C.U.C.S.), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Puerta peatonal 7, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara C.P. 44350, Mexico; (P.L.G.-Á.); (T.J.G.); (B.V.-G.); (J.A.D.-R.); (A.M.S.-M.); (L.V.S.-O.)
| | - Alejandra Beatriz Cervantes-Garduño
- Laboratorio de Genómica Clínica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, Mexico;
| | - Adriana María Salazar-Montes
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (C.U.C.S.), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Puerta peatonal 7, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara C.P. 44350, Mexico; (P.L.G.-Á.); (T.J.G.); (B.V.-G.); (J.A.D.-R.); (A.M.S.-M.); (L.V.S.-O.)
| | - Laura Verónica Sánchez-Orozco
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (C.U.C.S.), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Puerta peatonal 7, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara C.P. 44350, Mexico; (P.L.G.-Á.); (T.J.G.); (B.V.-G.); (J.A.D.-R.); (A.M.S.-M.); (L.V.S.-O.)
| | - Carmen Magdalena Gurrola-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (C.U.C.S.), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Puerta peatonal 7, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara C.P. 44350, Mexico; (P.L.G.-Á.); (T.J.G.); (B.V.-G.); (J.A.D.-R.); (A.M.S.-M.); (L.V.S.-O.)
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5
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Sherwood TA, Medvecky R, Miller C, Wetzel DL. Biochemical, molecular, and physiological assessments of crude oil dietary exposure in sub-adult red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 278:109864. [PMID: 38378123 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
A 14-day exposure study in which sub-adult red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) were fed a petroleum crude oil-treated pellet feed was conducted to assess the potential effects of ingesting an oil-contaminated food source. Though food consumption decreased, significant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons accumulated in the body and liver, which did not affect the body and liver's fatty acid composition. In the red drum given the crude oil-treated feed, a significant decrease in the RNA:DNA growth rate index was noted, while only subtle changes in body and liver lipid composition were seen. Differentially expressed gene analysis in the liver demonstrated a significant down-regulation of leptin and up-regulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses indicated enrichment of terms and pathways associated with cholesterol biosynthesis and oxidative stress. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis further predicted activation of seven pathways associated with cholesterol biosynthesis. Measured oxidative stress biomarkers in the blood indicated decreased systemic antioxidants with increased lipid peroxidation. The results of this study suggest that dietary oil exposure alters the signaling of biological pathways critical in cholesterol biosynthesis and disruptions in systemic oxidative homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy A Sherwood
- Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA.
| | - Rebecca Medvecky
- Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA
| | - Christelle Miller
- Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA
| | - Dana L Wetzel
- Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA
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Xie L, Wang H, Hu J, Liu Z, Hu F. The role of novel adipokines and adipose-derived extracellular vesicles (ADEVs): Connections and interactions in liver diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116104. [PMID: 38428826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissues (AT) are an important endocrine organ that secretes various functional adipokines, peptides, non-coding RNAs, and acts on AT themselves or other distant tissues or organs through autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine manners. An accumulating body of evidence has suggested that many adipokines play an important role in liver metabolism. Besides the traditional adipokines such as adiponectin and leptin, many novel adipokines have recently been identified to have regulatory effects on the liver. Additionally, AT can produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) that act on peripheral tissues. However, under pathological conditions, such as obesity and diabetes, dysregulation of adipokines is associated with functional changes in AT, which may cause liver diseases. In this review, we focus on the newly discovered adipokines and EVs secreted by AT and highlight their actions on the liver under the context of obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), and some other liver diseases. Clarifying the action of adipokines and adipose tissue-derived EVs on the liver would help to identify novel therapeutic targets or biomarkers for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jinying Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuoying Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Health Law Research Center, School of Law, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Fang Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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Choudhary D, Andreani GA, Mahmood S, Wen X, Patel MS, Rideout TC. Postnatal Consumption of Black Bean Powder Protects against Obesity and Dyslipidemia in Male Adult Rat Offspring from Obese Pregnancies. Nutrients 2024; 16:1029. [PMID: 38613062 PMCID: PMC11013182 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The adverse influence of maternal obesity on offspring metabolic health throughout the life-course is a significant public health challenge with few effective interventions. We examined if black bean powder (BBP) supplementation to a high-calorie maternal pregnancy diet or a postnatal offspring diet could offer protection against the metabolic programming of metabolic disease risk in adult offspring. Female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of three diets (n = 10/group) for a 3-week pre-pregnancy period and throughout gestation and lactation: (i) a low-caloric control diet (CON); (ii) a high-caloric obesity-inducing diet (HC); or (iii) the HC diet with 20% black bean powder (HC-BBP). At weaning [postnatal day (PND) 21], one male pup from each dam was weaned onto the CON diet throughout the postnatal period until adulthood (PND120). In addition, a second male from the HC group only was weaned onto the CON diet supplemented with BBP (CON-BBP). Thus, based on the maternal diet exposure and offspring postnatal diet, four experimental adult offspring groups were compared: CON/CON, HC/CON, HC-BPP/CON, and HC/CON-BBP. On PND120, blood was collected for biochemical analysis (e.g., lipids, glycemic control endpoints, etc.), and livers were excised for lipid analysis (triglycerides [TG] and cholesterol) and the mRNA/protein expression of lipid-regulatory targets. Compared with the CON/CON group, adult offspring from the HC/CON group exhibited a higher (p < 0.05) body weight (BW) (682.88 ± 10.67 vs. 628.02 ± 16.61 g) and hepatic TG (29.55 ± 1.31 vs. 22.86 ± 1.85 mmol/g). Although maternal BBP supplementation (HC-BBP/CON) had little influence on metabolic outcomes, the consumption of BBP in the postnatal period (HC/CON-BBP) lowered hepatic TG and cholesterol compared with the other treatment groups. Reduced hepatic TG in the HC/CON-BBP was likely associated with lower postnatal BW gain (vs. HC/CON), lower mRNA and protein expression of hepatic Fasn (vs. HC/CON), and lower serum leptin concentration (vs. CON/CON and HC groups). Our results suggest that the postnatal consumption of a black-bean-powder-supplemented diet may protect male rat offspring against the programming of obesity and dyslipidemia associated with maternal obesity. Future work should investigate the bioactive fraction of BBP responsible for the observed effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Choudhary
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; (D.C.); (G.A.A.); (S.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA;
| | - Gabriella A. Andreani
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; (D.C.); (G.A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Saleh Mahmood
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; (D.C.); (G.A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Xiaozhong Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA;
| | - Mulchand S. Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA;
| | - Todd C. Rideout
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; (D.C.); (G.A.A.); (S.M.)
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8
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Leciejewska N, Jędrejko K, Gómez-Renaud VM, Manríquez-Núñez J, Muszyńska B, Pokrywka A. Selective androgen receptor modulator use and related adverse events including drug-induced liver injury: Analysis of suspected cases. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 80:185-202. [PMID: 38059982 PMCID: PMC10847181 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-023-03592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) have demonstrated agonist activity on the androgen receptor in various tissues, stimulating muscle mass growth and improving bone reconstruction. Despite being in clinical trials, none has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or European Medicines Agency for pharmacotherapy. Still, SARMs are very popular as performance-enhancing drugs. The FDA has issued warnings about the health risks associated with SARMs, but the long-term exposure and possible adverse events still need to be fully understood. This review aims to evaluate the adverse events associated with using SARMs by humans. METHODS PubMed database was searched from September 16, 2022, to October 2, 2023. In total, 20 records were included in the final review. Data from preclinical and clinical studies supported the review. RESULTS Since 2020, 20 reports of adverse events, most described as drug-induced liver injury associated with the use of SARM agonists, have been published. The main symptoms mentioned were cholestatic or hepatocellular liver injury and jaundice. Limited data are related to the dosages and purity of SARM supplements. CONCLUSION Promoting SARMs as an anabolic agent in combination with other performance-enhancing drugs poses a risk to users not only due to doping controls but also to health safety. The lack of quality control of consumed supplements makes it very difficult to assess the direct impact of SARMs on the liver and their potential hepatotoxic effects. Therefore, more detailed analyses are needed to determine the safety of using SARMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Leciejewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karol Jędrejko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Víctor M Gómez-Renaud
- Human Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Josué Manríquez-Núñez
- Department of Research and Graduate Studies in Food Sciences, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Santiago de Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Bożena Muszyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pokrywka
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Grzelak N, Kaczmarek D, Mrówczyński W. Comparison of the effects of BDNF/TRKB signalling on metabolic biomarkers in the liver of sedentary and trained rats with normal and knockout BDNF genotypes. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1268648. [PMID: 38152248 PMCID: PMC10751318 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1268648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the modulation of metabolic processes in the liver is poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether hepatic concentrations or activities of metabolic biomarkers depend on altered BDNF/TrkB content in the liver, resulting from different BDNF genotypes of rats. In addition, it was assessed whether 5-week moderate endurance training modifies the levels of BDNF/Trk-B signaling and studied hepatic markers. Methods: Experiments were performed on wild-type and heterozygous BDNF knockout (HET, SD-Bdnf) rats, which were divided into four groups: control with normal genotype (Bdnf+/+), control with BDNF knockout genotype (Bdnf+/-), trained with normal genotype (Bdnf+/+T) and trained with BDNF knockout genotype (Bdnf +/-T). BDNF/TrkB concentrations as well as selected metabolic biomarkers including lipids-total cholesterol (CHOL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG); enzymes-alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP); hormones-insulin (INS) and leptin (LEPT) as well as interleukin-6 (IL-6) as regeneration indicator were measured directly in liver homogenates. Results and Discussion: The study showed that Bdnf+/- rats exhibited reduced BDNF/TrkB signaling (BDNF, p < 0.0001; Trk-B, p = 0.0005), altered lipid levels (CHOL, p < 0.0001; LDL, p < 0.0001; TG, p = 0.0006) and reduced hepatic ALAT (p = 0.0004) and GGT (p < 0.0001) activity, which may contribute to hepatic steatosis and obesity, as well as indicate impairment of specific metabolic pathways in the liver. Interestingly, endurance training did not alter hepatic BDNF and TrkB content, but improved ALAT (p = 0.0366) and ASAT (p = 0.0191) activities and increased hepatic IL-6 (p = 0.0422) levels in Bdnf +/- rats, suggesting enhanced liver regeneration in animals with BDNF allele loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Grzelak
- Department of Neurobiology, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dominik Kaczmarek
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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10
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Gabbia D, De Martin S. Targeting the Adipose Tissue-Liver-Gut Microbiota Crosstalk to Cure MASLD. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1471. [PMID: 38132297 PMCID: PMC10741127 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex system, playing a peculiar role in regulating innate and systemic immunity. Increasing evidence links dysfunctional gut microbiota to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) due to the activation of multiple pathways in the gut and in the liver, including those mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs), that sustain hepatic inflammation. Thus, many efforts have been made to unravel the role of microbiota-associated dysfunction in MASLD, with the final aim of finding novel strategies to improve liver steatosis and function. Moreover, recent evidence underlines the role of adipose tissue in sustaining hepatic inflammation during MASLD development. In this review, we focus on the recently discovered strategies proposed to improve the alteration of gut microbiota observed in MASLD patients, with a particular insight into those known to modulate gut microbiota-associated dysfunction and to affect the complex crosstalk between the gut, the adipose tissue, and the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gabbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 351131 Padova, Italy;
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11
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López-Méndez I, Maldonado-Rojas ADC, Uribe M, Juárez-Hernández E. Hunger & satiety signals: another key mechanism involved in the NAFLD pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1213372. [PMID: 37753211 PMCID: PMC10518611 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1213372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent metabolic disease, although prevalence could change according to region, nowadays is considered a public health problem whose real impact on the health system is unknown. NAFLD has a multifactorial and complex pathophysiology, due to this, developing a unique and effective pharmacological treatment has not been successful in reverting or avoiding the progression of this liver disease. Even though NAFLD pathophysiology is known, all actual treatments are focused on modifying or regulating the metabolic pathways, some of which interplay with obesity. It has been known that impairments in hunger and satiety signals are associated with obesity, however, abnormalities in these signals in patients with NAFLD and obesity are not fully elucidated. To describe these mechanisms opens an additional option as a therapeutic target sharing metabolic pathways with NAFLD, therefore, this review aims to describe the hormones and peptides implicated in both hunger-satiety in NAFLD. It has been established that NAFLD pharmacological treatment cannot be focused on a single purpose; hence, identifying interplays that lead to adding or modifying current treatment options could also have an impact on another related outcome such as hunger or satiety signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván López-Méndez
- Hepatology and Transplants Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Misael Uribe
- Gastroenterology and Obesity Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eva Juárez-Hernández
- Translational Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Eitan A, Gover O, Sulimani L, Meiri D, Schwartz B. The Effect of Orally Administered Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD) on Obesity Parameters in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13797. [PMID: 37762099 PMCID: PMC10530777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged cannabis users show a lower prevalence of obesity and associated comorbidities. In rodent models, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) from the plant Cannabis sativa L. have shown anti-obesity properties, suggesting a link between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and obesity. However, the oral administration route has rarely been studied in this context. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prolonged oral administration of pure THC and CBD on obesity-related parameters and peripheral endocannabinoids. C57BL/6 male mice were fed with either a high-fat or standard diet and then received oral treatment in ramping doses, namely 10 mg/kg of THC or CBD for 5 weeks followed by 30 mg/kg for an additional 5 weeks. Mice treated with THC had attenuated weight gain and improved glucose tolerance, followed by improvement in steatosis markers and decreased hypertrophic cells in adipose epididymal tissue. Mice treated with CBD had improved glucose tolerance and increased markers of lipid metabolism in adipose and liver tissues, but in contrast to THC, CBD had no effect on weight gain and steatosis markers. CBD exclusively decreased the level of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol in the liver. These data suggest that the prolonged oral consumption of THC, but not of CBD, ameliorates diet-induced obesity and metabolic parameters, possibly through a mechanism of adipose tissue adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Eitan
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 9190401, Israel; (A.E.); (O.G.)
| | - Ofer Gover
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 9190401, Israel; (A.E.); (O.G.)
| | - Liron Sulimani
- Cannasoul Analytics, 9 Tarshish Industrial Park, Caesarea 3079822, Israel;
| | - David Meiri
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;
| | - Betty Schwartz
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 9190401, Israel; (A.E.); (O.G.)
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13
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Bustos-Aibar M, Aguilera CM, Alcalá-Fdez J, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Plaza-Díaz J, Plaza-Florido A, Tofe I, Gil-Campos M, Gacto MJ, Anguita-Ruiz A. Shared gene expression signatures between visceral adipose and skeletal muscle tissues are associated with cardiometabolic traits in children with obesity. Comput Biol Med 2023; 163:107085. [PMID: 37399741 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity in children is related to the development of cardiometabolic complications later in life, where molecular changes of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and skeletal muscle tissue (SMT) have been proven to be fundamental. The aim of this study is to unveil the gene expression architecture of both tissues in a cohort of Spanish boys with obesity, using a clustering method known as weighted gene co-expression network analysis. For this purpose, we have followed a multi-objective analytic pipeline consisting of three main approaches; identification of gene co-expression clusters associated with childhood obesity, individually in VAT and SMT (intra-tissue, approach I); identification of gene co-expression clusters associated with obesity-metabolic alterations, individually in VAT and SMT (intra-tissue, approach II); and identification of gene co-expression clusters associated with obesity-metabolic alterations simultaneously in VAT and SMT (inter-tissue, approach III). In both tissues, we identified independent and inter-tissue gene co-expression signatures associated with obesity and cardiovascular risk, some of which exceeded multiple-test correction filters. In these signatures, we could identify some central hub genes (e.g., NDUFB8, GUCY1B1, KCNMA1, NPR2, PPP3CC) participating in relevant metabolic pathways exceeding multiple-testing correction filters. We identified the central hub genes PIK3R2, PPP3C and PTPN5 associated with MAPK signaling and insulin resistance terms. This is the first time that these genes have been associated with childhood obesity in both tissues. Therefore, they could be potential novel molecular targets for drugs and health interventions, opening new lines of research on the personalized care in this pathology. This work generates interesting hypotheses about the transcriptomics alterations underlying metabolic health alterations in obesity in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Bustos-Aibar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Concepción M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús Alcalá-Fdez
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Ruiz-Ojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at the Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Munich, Germany.
| | - Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group, Sport and Health University Research Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, 92617, CA, United States.
| | - Inés Tofe
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029, Madrid, Spain; University Clinical Hospital, Institute Maimónides of Biomedicine Investigation of Córdoba, University of Córdoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Gil-Campos
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029, Madrid, Spain; University Clinical Hospital, Institute Maimónides of Biomedicine Investigation of Córdoba, University of Córdoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - María J Gacto
- Department of Software Engineering, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Augusto Anguita-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Barcelona Institute for Global Health, ISGlobal, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Jia X, Xu F, Lu S, Jie H, Guan W, Zhou Y. An unusual signal transducer GIV/Girdin engages in the roles of adipocyte-derived hormone leptin in liver fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166797. [PMID: 37478565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Obese patients usually have hyperleptinemia and are prone to develop liver fibrosis. Leptin is intimately linked to liver fibrogenesis, a multi-receptor-driven disease. Gα-Interacting Vesicle-associated protein (GIV) functions as a multimodular signal transducer and a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Gi controling key signalings downstream of diverse receptors. This study aimed to examine the roles of GIV in leptin-caused liver fibrosis and employed the culture-activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and leptin-deficient mice, respectively. Results indicated that leptin upregulated GIV expression in HSCs. GIV was involved in leptin-induced HSC activation and liver fibrosis. GIV mediated leptin regulation of TIMP1, MMP9, PDGFβ receptor and TGFβ receptor and was required for leptin stimulating the pathways of Erk1/2, Akt1, and Smad3. GIV was also a mediator for leptin-regulation of Cyclin D1 and Caspase-3 activity but GIV reduced Caspase-3 level independently of leptin in vivo. Erk1/2 signaling, Egr1 and c-Jun were associated with the effect of leptin on GIV expression in HSCs. Leptin-induced Erk1/2 signaling increased Egr1 and p-c-Jun levels and promoted their binding to GIV promoter at the sites between -190 bp and -180 bp and between -382 bp and - 376 bp, respectively. Egr1 knockdown lessened leptin-upregulation of GIV in vitro and in vivo. In human cirrhotic livers, the increase in GIV protein level parallelled with the elevated p-Erk1/2 and Egr1 levels in HSCs. In summary, the unusual signal transducer GIV was identified as an important mediator in leptin-induced liver fibrosis. GIV may have significant implications in liver fibrosis progression of obese patients with hyperleptinaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jia
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical School, Nantong University, Qi xiou Road 19, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feifan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), 500 Yonghe Road, Nantong 226011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sidan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical School, Nantong University, Qi xiou Road 19, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huang Jie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Qi xiou Road 19, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Qi xiou Road 19, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yajun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical School, Nantong University, Qi xiou Road 19, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Mishra G, Singh P, Molla M, Yimer YS, Dinda SC, Chandra P, Singh BK, Dagnew SB, Assefa AN, Ewunetie A. Harnessing the potential of probiotics in the treatment of alcoholic liver disorders. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1212742. [PMID: 37361234 PMCID: PMC10287977 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1212742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current scenario, prolonged consumption of alcohol across the globe is upsurging an appreciable number of patients with the risk of alcohol-associated liver diseases. According to the recent report, the gut-liver axis is crucial in the progression of alcohol-induced liver diseases, including steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite several factors associated with alcoholic liver diseases, the complexity of the gut microflora and its great interaction with the liver have become a fascinating area for researchers due to the high exposure of the liver to free radicals, bacterial endotoxins, lipopolysaccharides, inflammatory markers, etc. Undoubtedly, alcohol-induced gut microbiota imbalance stimulates dysbiosis, disrupts the intestinal barrier function, and trigger immune as well as inflammatory responses which further aggravate hepatic injury. Since currently available drugs to mitigate liver disorders have significant side effects, hence, probiotics have been widely researched to alleviate alcohol-associated liver diseases and to improve liver health. A broad range of probiotic bacteria like Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Escherichia coli, Sacchromyces, and Lactococcus are used to reduce or halt the progression of alcohol-associated liver diseases. Several underlying mechanisms, including alteration of the gut microbiome, modulation of intestinal barrier function and immune response, reduction in the level of endotoxins, and bacterial translocation, have been implicated through which probiotics can effectively suppress the occurrence of alcohol-induced liver disorders. This review addresses the therapeutic applications of probiotics in the treatment of alcohol-associated liver diseases. Novel insights into the mechanisms by which probiotics prevent alcohol-associated liver diseases have also been elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Mishra
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Pradeep Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Molla
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Shumet Yimer
- Social Pharmacy Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | | | - Phool Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India
| | | | - Samuel Berihun Dagnew
- Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Nigussie Assefa
- Social Pharmacy Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Amien Ewunetie
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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16
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Marino GM, Arble DM. Peripheral clock disruption and metabolic disease: moving beyond the anatomy to a functional approach. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1182506. [PMID: 37284222 PMCID: PMC10241243 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1182506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and circadian disruption are associated with an increased risk of metabolic disease, including obesity and diabetes. Mounting evidence indicates that misaligned and/or non-functional clock proteins in peripheral tissues critically contribute to the presentation of metabolic disease. Many of the foundational studies which led to this conclusion have focused on specific tissues such as the adipose, pancreas, muscle, and liver. While these studies have greatly advanced the field, the use of anatomical markers to manipulate tissue-specific molecular clocks may not be representative of the circadian disruption that occurs within the clinical population. In this manuscript, we argue that investigators can gain a better understanding of the consequences of sleep and circadian disruption by targeting groups of cells with a functional relationship, even if those cells go beyond anatomical boundaries. This approach is especially important when considering metabolic outcomes which rely on endocrine signaling molecules, such as leptin, that have multiple sites of action. Through the review of several studies, as well as our own work, this article reframes peripheral clock disruption from a functional approach. We additionally present new evidence that disruption of the molecular clock within all cells expressing the leptin receptor affects leptin sensitivity in a time-dependent manner. Taken together, this perspective aims to provide new insight into the mechanisms leading to metabolic disease associated with circadian disruption and various sleep disorders.
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Pokhrel S, Dilts M, Stahl Z, Boehme S, Frame G, Chiang JY, Ferrell JM. Tgr5-/- mice are protected from ethanol-induced metabolic alterations through enhanced leptin and Fgf21 signaling. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0138. [PMID: 37185802 PMCID: PMC10145946 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is caused by chronic use of alcohol and ranges from hepatic steatosis to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Bile acids are physiological detergents that also regulate hepatic glucose and lipid homeostasis by binding to several receptors. One such receptor, Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), may represent a therapeutic target for ALD. Here, we used a chronic 10-day + binge ethanol-feeding model in mice to study the role of TGR5 in alcohol-induced liver injury. METHODS Female C57BL/6J wild-type mice and Tgr5-/- mice were pair-fed Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet with ethanol (5% v/v) or isocaloric control diet for 10 days followed by a gavage of 5% ethanol or isocaloric maltose control, respectively, to represent a binge-drinking episode. Tissues were harvested 9 hours following the binge, and metabolic phenotypes were characterized through examination of liver, adipose, and brain mechanistic pathways. RESULTS Tgr5-/- mice were protected from alcohol-induced accumulation of hepatic triglycerides. Interestingly, liver and serum levels of Fgf21 were significantly increased during ethanol feeding in Tgr5-/- mice, as was phosphorylation of Stat3. Parallel to Fgf21 levels, increased leptin gene expression in white adipose tissue and increased leptin receptor in liver were detected in Tgr5-/- mice fed ethanol diet. Adipocyte lipase gene expression was significantly increased in Tgr5-/- mice regardless of diet, whereas adipose browning markers were also increased in ethanol-fed Tgr5-/- mice, indicating potential for enhanced white adipose metabolism. Lastly, hypothalamic mRNA targets of leptin, involved in the regulation of food intake, were significantly increased in Tgr5-/- mice fed ethanol diet. CONCLUSIONS Tgr5-/- mice are protected from ethanol-induced liver damage and lipid accumulation. Alterations in lipid uptake and Fgf21 signaling, and enhanced metabolic activity of white adipose tissue, may mediate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabita Pokhrel
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew Dilts
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Zachary Stahl
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Shannon Boehme
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Gabrielle Frame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - John Y.L. Chiang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Jessica M. Ferrell
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
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18
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Yang JH, Byeon EH, Kang D, Hong SG, Yang J, Kim DR, Yun SP, Park SW, Kim HJ, Huh JW, Kim SY, Kim YW, Lee DK. Fermented Soybean Paste Attenuates Biogenic Amine-Induced Liver Damage in Obese Mice. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050822. [PMID: 36899958 PMCID: PMC10000487 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines are cellular components produced by the decarboxylation of amino acids; however, excessive biogenic amine production causes adverse health problems. The relationship between hepatic damage and biogenic amine levels in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. In this study, mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks to induce obesity, presenting early-stage of NAFLD. We administered histamine (20 mg/kg) + tyramine (100 mg/kg) via oral gavage for 6 days to mice with HFD-induced early-stage NAFLD. The results showed that combined histamine and tyramine administration increased cleaved PARP-1 and IL-1β in the liver, as well as MAO-A, total MAO, CRP, and AST/ALT levels. In contrast, the survival rate decreased in HFD-induced NAFLD mice. Treatment with manufactured or traditional fermented soybean paste decreased biogenically elevated hepatic cleaved PARP-1 and IL-1β expression and blood plasma MAO-A, CRP, and AST/ALT levels in HFD-induced NAFLD mice. Additionally, the biogenic amine-induced reduction in survival rate was alleviated by fermented soybean paste in HFD-induced NAFLD mice. These results show that biogenic amine-induced liver damage can be exacerbated by obesity and may adversely affect life conservation. However, fermented soybean paste can reduce biogenic amine-induced liver damage in NAFLD mice. These results suggest a beneficial effect of fermented soybean paste on biogenic amine-induced liver damage and provide a new research perspective on the relationship between biogenic amines and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hwan Yang
- Department of Physiology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Byeon
- Department of Physiology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawon Kang
- Department of Physiology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Geun Hong
- Department of Physiology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsung Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Huh
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yong Kim
- Fermented and Processed Food Science Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju-Gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Wan Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kun Lee
- Department of Physiology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Sim JH, Kim KW, Ko Y, Kwon HM, Moon YJ, Jun IG, Kim SH, Kim S, Song JG, Hwang GS. Association of sex-specific donor skeletal muscle index with surgical outcomes in living donor liver transplantation recipients. Liver Int 2023; 43:684-694. [PMID: 36377561 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent study reported a correlation between the muscle mass of male donors and graft failure in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) recipients. We investigated the association of sex-specific donor skeletal muscle index (SMI) with mortality and graft failure in LDLT recipients. METHODS We retrospectively analysed 2750 sets of donors and recipients between January 2008 and January 2018. The recipient outcomes were analysed by dividing the data according to donor sex. Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between donor SMI by sex and 1-year mortality and graft failure in recipients. RESULTS In the male donor group, robust donor (increased SMI) was significantly associated with higher risks for mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-1.06, p = .023) and graft failure (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06, p = .007) at 1 year. In the female donor group, the robust donor was significantly associated with lower risks for mortality (HR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87-0.97, p = .003) and graft failure (HR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.90-1.00, p = .032) at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS Donor SMI was associated with surgical outcomes in recipients. Robust male and female donors were a significant negative and protective factor for grafts respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Sim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Won Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Image Metrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - YouSun Ko
- Department of Radiology, Asan Image Metrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Mee Kwon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Moon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gu Jun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonok Kim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gol Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Sam Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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He Y, Su Y, Duan C, Wang S, He W, Zhang Y, An X, He M. Emerging role of aging in the progression of NAFLD to HCC. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101833. [PMID: 36565959 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With the aging of global population, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has surged in recent decades. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease that follows a progressive course, ranging from simple fatty liver, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is well established that aging induces pathological changes in liver and potentiates the occurrence and progression of NAFLD, HCC and other age-related liver diseases. Studies of senescent cells also indicate a pivotal engagement in the development of NAFLD via diverse mechanisms. Moreover, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), silence information regulator protein family (sirtuins), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) are three vital and broadly studied targets involved in aging process and NAFLD. Nevertheless, the crucial role of these aging-associated factors in aging-related NAFLD remains underestimated. Here, we reviewed the current research on the roles of aging, cellular senescence and three aging-related factors in the evolution of NAFLD to HCC, aiming at inspiring promising therapeutic targets for aging-related NAFLD and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyuan He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghong Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengcheng Duan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Yingting Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei An
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ming He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
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21
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Omics Data Preprocessing for Machine Learning: A Case Study in Childhood Obesity. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020248. [PMID: 36833178 PMCID: PMC9956296 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of machine learning techniques for the construction of predictive models of disease outcomes (based on omics and other types of molecular data) has gained enormous relevance in the last few years in the biomedical field. Nonetheless, the virtuosity of omics studies and machine learning tools are subject to the proper application of algorithms as well as the appropriate pre-processing and management of input omics and molecular data. Currently, many of the available approaches that use machine learning on omics data for predictive purposes make mistakes in several of the following key steps: experimental design, feature selection, data pre-processing, and algorithm selection. For this reason, we propose the current work as a guideline on how to confront the main challenges inherent to multi-omics human data. As such, a series of best practices and recommendations are also presented for each of the steps defined. In particular, the main particularities of each omics data layer, the most suitable preprocessing approaches for each source, and a compilation of best practices and tips for the study of disease development prediction using machine learning are described. Using examples of real data, we show how to address the key problems mentioned in multi-omics research (e.g., biological heterogeneity, technical noise, high dimensionality, presence of missing values, and class imbalance). Finally, we define the proposals for model improvement based on the results found, which serve as the bases for future work.
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22
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Recent Advances in the Knowledge of the Mechanisms of Leptin Physiology and Actions in Neurological and Metabolic Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021422. [PMID: 36674935 PMCID: PMC9860943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight is frequently associated with low-grade inflammation. Evidence indicates a relationship between obesity and cancer, as well as with other diseases, such as diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, in which inflammation and the actions of various adipokines play a role in the pathological mechanisms involved in these disorders. Leptin is mainly produced by adipose tissue in proportion to fat stores, but it is also synthesized in other organs, where leptin receptors are expressed. This hormone performs numerous actions in the brain, mainly related to the control of energy homeostasis. It is also involved in neurogenesis and neuroprotection, and central leptin resistance is related to some neurological disorders, e.g., Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. In peripheral tissues, leptin is implicated in the regulation of metabolism, as well as of bone density and muscle mass. All these actions can be affected by changes in leptin levels and the mechanisms associated with resistance to this hormone. This review will present recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of leptin action and their underlying roles in pathological situations, which may be of interest for revealing new approaches for the treatment of diseases where the actions of this adipokine might be compromised.
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23
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Singdam P, Naowaboot J, Senggunprai L, Boonloh K, Pannangpetch P. Pluchea indica Leaf Extract Alleviates Dyslipidemia and Hepatic Steatosis by Modifying the Expression of Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes in Rats Fed a High Fat-High Fructose Diet. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:384-398. [PMID: 36721751 PMCID: PMC9843721 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.4.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of Pluchea indica leaf extract (PIE) on dyslipidemia and lipid accumulation in the liver, emphasizing its molecular mechanisms in regulating lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat-high fructose diet (HFFD). Male rats were fed HFFD (40% lard and 20% fructose) for ten weeks. They were then divided into four groups receiving distilled water, PIE (100 or 300 mg/kg/d), and pioglitazone (10 mg/kg/d) for a further six weeks, during which the HFFD was continued. After the experiment, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance (OGT), serum insulin and leptin levels, lipid profiles, and hepatic triglyceride content were measured. Histological examination and expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes in the liver were measured. HFFD-fed rats indicated a significantly increased FBG, serum leptin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores with impaired OGT and dyslipidemia compared to rats fed a normal diet. PIE significantly reduced FBG, serum leptin, and HOMA-IR scores and improved OGT. Additionally, PIE significantly improved dyslipidemia and decreased serum-free fatty acids and liver triglyceride content. Hepatic histological examination showed a marked reduction lipid accumulation in relation to HFFD controls. Interestingly, PIE significantly downregulated the expression of lipid synthesis-related genes and upregulated the expression of fatty-acid oxidation-related genes. In conclusion, PIE alleviates dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis in HFFD rats plausibly by increasing insulin resistance and modifying the gene expression associated with lipid metabolism. PIE may be used as preventive nutrition for dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharin Singdam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jarinyaporn Naowaboot
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Laddawan Senggunprai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kampeebhorn Boonloh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Patchareewan Pannangpetch
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand,
Correspondence to Patchareewan Pannangpetch, E-mail:
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24
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Tourkochristou E, Assimakopoulos SF, Thomopoulos K, Marangos M, Triantos C. NAFLD and HBV interplay - related mechanisms underlying liver disease progression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:965548. [PMID: 36544761 PMCID: PMC9760931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.965548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) constitute common chronic liver diseases with worldwide distribution. NAFLD burden is expected to grow in the coming decade, especially in western countries, considering the increased incidence of diabetes and obesity. Despite the organized HBV vaccinations and use of anti-viral therapies globally, HBV infection remains endemic and challenging public health issue. As both NAFLD and HBV have been associated with the development of progressive fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the co-occurrence of both diseases has gained great research and clinical interest. The causative relationship between NAFLD and HBV infection has not been elucidated so far. Dysregulated fatty acid metabolism and lipotoxicity in NAFLD disease seems to initiate activation of signaling pathways that enhance pro-inflammatory responses and disrupt hepatocyte cell homeostasis, promoting progression of NAFLD disease to NASH, fibrosis and HCC and can affect HBV replication and immune encountering of HBV virus, which may further have impact on liver disease progression. Chronic HBV infection is suggested to have an influence on metabolic changes, which could lead to NAFLD development and the HBV-induced inflammatory responses and molecular pathways may constitute an aggravating factor in hepatic steatosis development. The observed altered immune homeostasis in both HBV infection and NAFLD could be associated with progression to HCC development. Elucidation of the possible mechanisms beyond HBV chronic infection and NAFLD diseases, which could lead to advanced liver disease or increase the risk for severe complications, in the case of HBV-NAFLD co-existence is of high clinical significance in the context of designing effective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia Tourkochristou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stelios F. Assimakopoulos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece,*Correspondence: Stelios F. Assimakopoulos,
| | - Konstantinos Thomopoulos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Markos Marangos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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25
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Pal SC, Eslam M, Mendez-Sanchez N. Detangling the interrelations between MAFLD, insulin resistance, and key hormones. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:573-589. [PMID: 35921046 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-022-00391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has increasingly become a significant and highly prevalent cause of chronic liver disease, displaying a wide array of risk factors and pathophysiologic mechanisms of which only a few have so far been clearly elucidated. A bidirectional interaction between hormonal discrepancies and metabolic-related disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been described. Since the change in nomenclature from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to MAFLD is based on the clear impact of metabolic elements on the disease, the reciprocal interactions of hormones such as insulin, adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), and estrogens have strongly pointed to the intrinsic links that lead to the heterogeneous epidemiology, clinical presentations, and risk factors involved in MAFLD in different populations. The objective of this work is twofold. Firstly, there is a brief discussion regarding the change in nomenclature as well as epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiologic mechanisms other than hormonal effects, which include nutrition and the gut microbiome, as well as genetic and epigenetic influences. Secondly, we review the basis of the most important hormonal factors involved in the development and progression of MAFLD that act both independently and in an interrelated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya C Pal
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, 4510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150. Col. Toriello Guerra, 14050, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mohammed Eslam
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nahum Mendez-Sanchez
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, 4510, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150. Col. Toriello Guerra, 14050, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
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26
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Roglia V, Potestà M, Minchella A, Bruno SP, Bernardini R, Lettieri-Barbato D, Iacovelli F, Gismondi A, Aquilano K, Canini A, Muleo R, Colizzi V, Mattei M, Minutolo A, Montesano C. Exogenous miRNAs from Moringa oleifera Lam. recover a dysregulated lipid metabolism. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1012359. [PMID: 36465560 PMCID: PMC9715436 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1012359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A balanced diet is critical for human health, and edible plants play an important role in providing essential micronutrients as well as specific microRNAs (miRNAs) that can regulate human gene expression. Here we present the effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) miRNAs (mol-miRs) on lipid metabolism. Through in silico studies we identified the potential genes involved in lipid metabolism targeted by mol-miRs. To this end, we tested the efficacy of an aqueous extract of MO seeds (MOES), as suggested in traditional African ethnomedicine, or its purified miRNAs. The biological properties of MO preparations were investigated using a human derived hepatoma cell line (HepG2) as a model. MOES treatment decreased intracellular lipid accumulation and induced apoptosis in HepG2. In the same cell line, transfection with mol-miRs showed similar effects to MOES. Moreover, the effect of the mol-miR pool was investigated in a pre-obese mouse model, in which treatment with mol-miRs was able to prevent dysregulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Roglia
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Potestà
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- UNESCO Interdisciplinary Chair in Biotechnology and Bioethics, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Paola Bruno
- Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernardini
- Interdepartmental Center for Animal Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Lettieri-Barbato
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Gismondi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Canini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosario Muleo
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Science, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Vittorio Colizzi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- UNESCO Interdisciplinary Chair in Biotechnology and Bioethics, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mattei
- UNESCO Interdisciplinary Chair in Biotechnology and Bioethics, Rome, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Animal Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Minutolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Montesano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- UNESCO Interdisciplinary Chair in Biotechnology and Bioethics, Rome, Italy
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Abdelmissih S. A Bitter Experience That Enlightens the Future: COVID-19 Neurological Affection and Perspectives on the Orexigenic System. Cureus 2022; 14:e30788. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Adipokines in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Are We on the Road toward New Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets? BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081237. [PMID: 36009862 PMCID: PMC9405285 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an unmet medical need due to its increasingly high incidence, severe clinical consequences, and the absence of feasible diagnostic tools and effective drugs. This review summarizes the preclinical and clinical data on adipokines, cytokine-like hormones secreted by adipose tissue, and NAFLD. The aim is to establish the potential of adipokines as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as their potential as therapeutic targets for NAFLD. The limitations of current research are also discussed, and future perspectives are outlined. Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the major cause of chronic hepatic illness and the leading indication for liver transplantation in the future decades. NAFLD is also commonly associated with other high-incident non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular complications, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Aggravating the socio-economic impact of this complex pathology, routinely feasible diagnostic methodologies and effective drugs for NAFLD management are unavailable. The pathophysiology of NAFLD, recently defined as metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is correlated with abnormal adipose tissue–liver axis communication because obesity-associated white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation and metabolic dysfunction prompt hepatic insulin resistance (IR), lipid accumulation (steatosis), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and fibrosis. Accumulating evidence links adipokines, cytokine-like hormones secreted by adipose tissue that have immunometabolic activity, with NAFLD pathogenesis and progression; however, much uncertainty still exists. Here, the current knowledge on the roles of leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, resistin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), visfatin, chemerin, and adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein (AFABP) in NAFLD, taken from preclinical to clinical studies, is overviewed. The effect of therapeutic interventions on adipokines’ circulating levels are also covered. Finally, future directions to address the potential of adipokines as therapeutic targets and disease biomarkers for NAFLD are discussed.
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29
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Wang D, Wu M, Zhang X, Li L, Lin M, Shi X, Zhao Y, Huang C, Li X. Hepatokine Fetuin B expression is regulated by leptin-STAT3 signalling and associated with leptin in obesity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12869. [PMID: 35896788 PMCID: PMC9329397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17000-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an expanding global public health problem and a leading cause of metabolic disorders. The hepatokine Fetuin B participates in regulating insulin resistance, glucose metabolism and liver steatosis. However, the mechanism underlying Fetuin B activation remains unclear. Our previous population-based study demonstrated a significant association between serum Fetuin B and body fat mass in an obese population, which indicates its potential in mediating obesity-related metabolic disorders. In the present study, we further revealed a significant correlation between Fetuin B and leptin, the classic adipokine released by expanding adipose tissue, in this obese population. Consistently, elevated Fetuin B and leptin levels were confirmed in diet-induced obese mice. Furthermore, an in vitro study demonstrated that the leptin signalling pathway directly activated the transcription and expression of Fetuin B in primary hepatocytes and AML12 cells in a STAT3-dependent manner. STAT3 binds to the response elements on FetuB promoter to directly activate FetuB transcription. Finally, the mediating effect of Fetuin B in insulin resistance induced by leptin was confirmed according to mediation analysis in this obese population. Therefore, our study identifies leptin-STAT3 as an upstream signalling pathway that activates Fetuin B and provides new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.,Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, China
| | - Menghua Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.,Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Mingzhu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Xiulin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Caoxin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
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30
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Al-Bulish MSM, Cao W, Yang R, Wang Y, Xue C, Tang Q. Docosahexaenoic acid-rich fish oil alleviates hepatic steatosis in association with regulation of gut microbiome in ob/ob mice. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111373. [PMID: 35761631 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
It remains to study whether docosahexaenoic acid-rich fish oil (DHA-FO) improves hepatic lipid metabolism by leptin-independent mechanisms. We used ob/ob mice as a model to investigate the effects of DHA-FO on hepatic steatosis. DHA-FO inhibited lipid droplets (LD) formation in liver of ob/ob mice. Probably because DHA-FO consumption prevented the accumulation of oleic acid, and suppressed the synthesis of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters. These beneficial effects might be concerned with the promotion of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production. Furthermore, DHA-FO could reverse gut bacteria dysbiosis, including increasing the abundance of SCFAs producers (e.g. Akkermansia and unclassified_Muribaculaceae), and suppressing the proliferation of conditional pathogenic bacteria, such as unclassified_Lachnospiraceae. DHA-FO also promoted colonic microbial function ("Glycerolipid metabolism") associated with lipid metabolism. As a potential ingredient for functional food, DHA-FO reduced LD accumulation, which might be associated with modulation of obesity-linked gut microbiome in ob/ob mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wanxiu Cao
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ruili Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjuan Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Misch M, Puthanveetil P. The Head-to-Toe Hormone: Leptin as an Extensive Modulator of Physiologic Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105439. [PMID: 35628271 PMCID: PMC9141226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a well-known hunger-sensing peptide hormone. The role of leptin in weight gain and metabolic homeostasis has been explored for the past two decades. In this review, we have tried to shed light upon the impact of leptin signaling on health and diseases. At low or moderate levels, this peptide hormone supports physiological roles, but at chronically higher doses exhibits detrimental effects on various systems. The untoward effects we observe with chronically higher levels of leptin are due to their receptor-mediated effect or due to leptin resistance and are not well studied. This review will help us in understanding the non-anorexic roles of leptin, including their contribution to the metabolism of various systems and inflammation. We will be able to get an alternative perspective regarding the physiological and pathological roles of this mysterious peptide hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Misch
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
| | - Prasanth Puthanveetil
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-630-960-3935
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Jiang C, Liu Y, Wang Y, Su E, Du L, Tang Y, Xie J, Wei D. Hypolipidemic effects of the fermented soymilk with a novel
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
strain X7021 on mice via modulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chentian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering Department of Food Science and Technology School of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yafan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering Department of Food Science and Technology School of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering Department of Food Science and Technology School of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Erzheng Su
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Lei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering Department of Food Science and Technology School of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Ya‐Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Jingli Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering Department of Food Science and Technology School of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing (SCICB) Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering Department of Food Science and Technology School of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing (SCICB) Shanghai 200237 China
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Petrescu AD, Grant S, Williams E, An SY, Seth N, Shell M, Amundsen T, Tan C, Nadeem Y, Tjahja M, Weld L, Chu CS, Venter J, Frampton G, McMillin M, DeMorrow S. Leptin Enhances Hepatic Fibrosis and Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Cholestasis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:484-502. [PMID: 34896073 PMCID: PMC8895426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine with roles in food intake and energy metabolism through its actions on neurons in the hypothalamus. The role of leptin in obesity and cardiovascular disorders is well documented. However, its influence on liver conditions such as cholestasis is poorly understood. The effects of exogenous leptin and leptin-neutralizing antibody on biliary hyperplasia, hepatic fibrosis, and inflammation in the multidrug resistance protein 2 knockout (Mdr2KO) mouse model of cholestasis were assessed by quantifying markers specific for cholangiocytes, activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and cytokines. Serum and hepatic leptin were increased in Mdr2KO mice compared with FVB/NJ (FVBN) controls, and exogenous leptin enhanced biliary hyperplasia and liver fibrosis in Mdr2KO and FVBN mice. Leptin administration increased hepatic expression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 and IL-6 in Mdr2KO mice. In contrast, leptin-neutralizing antibody reduced intrahepatic bile duct mass and decreased HSC activation in Mdr2KO mice compared with FVBN controls. Sex-related differences were noted, with female Mdr2KO mice having more leptin than males. In cholangiocytes and LX2 cells in vitro, leptin increased phosphorylated Akt and stimulated cell proliferation. Leptin receptor siRNA and inhibitors of Akt phosphorylation impaired leptin-induced cell proliferation and proinflammatory cytokines. The current data suggest that leptin is abnormally increased in cholestatic mice, and excess leptin increases ductular reaction, hepatic fibrosis, and inflammation via leptin receptor-mediated phosphorylation of Akt in cholangiocytes and HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca D Petrescu
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Stephanie Grant
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Elaina Williams
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Su Yeon An
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Nikhil Seth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Mark Shell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Tyson Amundsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Christopher Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Yusra Nadeem
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Matthew Tjahja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Lancaster Weld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Christopher S Chu
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Julie Venter
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Gabriel Frampton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
| | - Matthew McMillin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
| | - Sharon DeMorrow
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas.
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Iacob SA, Iacob DG. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in HIV/HBV Patients - a Metabolic Imbalance Aggravated by Antiretroviral Therapy and Perpetuated by the Hepatokine/Adipokine Axis Breakdown. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:814209. [PMID: 35355551 PMCID: PMC8959898 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.814209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with the metabolic syndrome and is one of the most prevalent comorbidities in HIV and HBV infected patients. HIV plays an early and direct role in the development of metabolic syndrome by disrupting the mechanism of adipogenesis and synthesis of adipokines. Adipokines, molecules that regulate the lipid metabolism, also contribute to the progression of NAFLD either directly or via hepatic organokines (hepatokines). Most hepatokines play a direct role in lipid homeostasis and liver inflammation but their role in the evolution of NAFLD is not well defined. The role of HBV in the pathogenesis of NAFLD is controversial. HBV has been previously associated with a decreased level of triglycerides and with a protective role against the development of steatosis and metabolic syndrome. At the same time HBV displays a high fibrogenetic and oncogenetic potential. In the HIV/HBV co-infection, the metabolic changes are initiated by mitochondrial dysfunction as well as by the fatty overload of the liver, two interconnected mechanisms. The evolution of NAFLD is further perpetuated by the inflammatory response to these viral agents and by the variable toxicity of the antiretroviral therapy. The current article discusses the pathogenic changes and the contribution of the hepatokine/adipokine axis in the development of NAFLD as well as the implications of HIV and HBV infection in the breakdown of the hepatokine/adipokine axis and NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Alexandra Iacob
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Gabriela Iacob
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- *Correspondence: Diana Gabriela Iacob,
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35
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Ahmed E, Elmaghraby D, Salem F. Persea americana attenuates inflammatory response associated with hyperlipidemia in ovariectomized and irradiated rats by regulating MMP-3/TIMP-1 levels. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.354428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Pivtorak K, Fedzhaga I, Pivtorak N, Vozniuk L, Klekot O. FAT AND MUSCLE COMPONENTS OF BODY WEIGHT AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE CONCENTRATION OF SERUM ADIPOKINES IN PATIENTS WITH NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2022; 75:1289-1294. [PMID: 35758445 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202205210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: Identify differences in indexes of body fat and muscle masses, as well as blood adipokines in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, from gender-appropriate healthy men and women. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: 135 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with normal, overweight and obesity and 20 almost healthy individuals for the control group were examined. Verification of the diagnosis was performed in accordance with the recommendations of the unified clinical protocol. An anthropometric examination of patients was performed according to the method, which included the determination of 48 anthropometric parameters. The formulas determined the absolute amount of adipose and muscle tissue. Levels of adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Results: According to Matiegka, body fat was 30.2-35.2% higher, and muscle body weight was 17.4-29.1% lower in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease compared to healthy people. The concentration of leptin in the serum of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was statistically significantly higher (2.05-3.78 times) compared with almost healthy individuals. At the same time, the indicators of adiponectin concentration (1.54-1.92 times) and log A / L index (1.16-1.32 times) were lower. Correlations between changes in muscle mass and adipokines concentration have been established. CONCLUSION Conclusions: In addition to the known increase in body fat in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, there has been established a significant decrease in muscle mass. A direct correlation between adiponectin concentration and an inverse correlation between leptin levels and muscle mass in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iryna Fedzhaga
- NATIONAL PIROGOV MEMORIAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, VINNYTSIA, UKRAINE
| | - Natalya Pivtorak
- NATIONAL PIROGOV MEMORIAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, VINNYTSIA, UKRAINE
| | - Larysa Vozniuk
- NATIONAL PIROGOV MEMORIAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, VINNYTSIA, UKRAINE
| | - Olexandra Klekot
- NATIONAL PIROGOV MEMORIAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, VINNYTSIA, UKRAINE
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Al-Harithy RN, Alomari AS. Expression of leptin mRNA as non-invasive biomarker in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14844. [PMID: 34519143 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Leptin, an adipocyte-derived signalling molecule that plays important role in the regulation of energy balance, body weight and glucose metabolism. OBJECTIVE To evaluate leptin mRNA expression as a predictive biomarker in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS To detect the expression patterns of leptin mRNA, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on samples collected from 71 T2DM patients and 32 non-diabetic controls. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was utilised to assess the discriminatory power of leptin mRNA. RESULTS Leptin mRNA levels were reduced significantly in diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic controls (P ≤ .0001). The ROC curve analysis showed a significant association between leptin mRNA levels and T2DM (P ≤ .0001), with a high area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.89-0.98). The analysis also showed that fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin had high AUC values of 0.88 and 0.97 with (95% CI: 0.80-0.93 and 0.92-0.99), respectively. CONCLUSION This study shows that the reduced leptin mRNA expression level is significantly associated with T2DM and could be used as a predictive and diagnostic biomarker for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amani S Alomari
- Department of Biochemistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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38
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Abd El-Hameed NM, Abd El-Aleem SA, Khattab MA, Ali AH, Mohammed HH. Curcumin activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 gene (Nrf2): Prophylactic and therapeutic effect in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Life Sci 2021; 285:119983. [PMID: 34599938 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Modern dietary habits have been associated with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). Curcumin is a natural herbal found to suppress cellular oxidative states and could be beneficial in NASH. This study investigates the effect of curcumin in an animal model of NASH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty rats were allocated into five groups. Control, High Fat Diet (HFD), curcumin prophylactic (CP) and therapeutic (CT) groups. HFD regimen was given for 16 weeks. Curcumin was given along with HFD (prophylactic) or after establishment of the model for two weeks (therapeutic). Livers and blood samples were harvested for histological, biochemical, and molecular studies. KEY FINDINGS Livers from HFD groups showed vascular, inflammatory, cellular degenerative and fibrotic changes. The hepatic damage was reflected by the increased serum liver enzymes. HFD groups showed excessive fibrotic change. Interestingly, curcumin administration as prophylactic or therapeutic significantly preserved and/or restored liver structure. This was evidenced by the normalization of the liver enzymes, preservation and/or reversibility of cellular changes and the decrease of the stage of fibrosis. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 gene (Nrf2) expression showed no changes in the HFD groups, however it showed upregulation in curcumin treated groups. Thus, the protective and therapeutic effect of curcumin could be induced through upregulation of the Nrf2 gene. Curcumin has a beneficial prophylactic and therapeutic effect that could hinder the development and/or treat NASH in susceptible livers. SIGNIFICANCE Curcumin has a beneficial prophylactic and therapeutic effect that could hinder the development and/or treat NASH in susceptible livers.
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Jiménez-Cortegana C, García-Galey A, Tami M, del Pino P, Carmona I, López S, Alba G, Sánchez-Margalet V. Role of Leptin in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070762. [PMID: 34209386 PMCID: PMC8301314 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which affects about a quarter of the global population, poses a substantial health and economic burden in all countries, yet there is no approved pharmacotherapy to treat this entity, nor well-established strategies for its diagnosis. Its prevalence has been rapidly driven by increased physical inactivity, in addition to excessive calorie intake compared to energy expenditure, affecting both adults and children. The increase in the number of cases, together with the higher morbimortality that this disease entails with respect to the general population, makes NAFLD a serious public health problem. Closely related to the development of this disease, there is a hormone derived from adipocytes, leptin, which is involved in energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Numerous studies have verified the relationship between persistent hyperleptinemia and the development of steatosis, fibrinogenesis and liver carcinogenesis. Therefore, further studies of the role of leptin in the NAFLD spectrum could represent an advance in the management of this set of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41073 Seville, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (A.G.-G.); (M.T.); (S.L.); (G.A.)
| | - Alba García-Galey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41073 Seville, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (A.G.-G.); (M.T.); (S.L.); (G.A.)
| | - Malika Tami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41073 Seville, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (A.G.-G.); (M.T.); (S.L.); (G.A.)
| | - Pilar del Pino
- Unit of Digestive Diseases, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41073 Seville, Spain; (P.d.P.); (I.C.)
| | - Isabel Carmona
- Unit of Digestive Diseases, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41073 Seville, Spain; (P.d.P.); (I.C.)
| | - Soledad López
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41073 Seville, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (A.G.-G.); (M.T.); (S.L.); (G.A.)
| | - Gonzalo Alba
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41073 Seville, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (A.G.-G.); (M.T.); (S.L.); (G.A.)
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41073 Seville, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (A.G.-G.); (M.T.); (S.L.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Current Perspectives on the Beneficial Effects of Soybean Isoflavones and Their Metabolites for Humans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071064. [PMID: 34209224 PMCID: PMC8301030 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybeans are rich in proteins and lipids and have become a staple part of the human diet. Besides their nutritional excellence, they have also been shown to contain various functional components, including isoflavones, and have consequently received increasing attention as a functional food item. Isoflavones are structurally similar to 17-β-estradiol and bind to estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). The estrogenic activity of isoflavones ranges from a hundredth to a thousandth of that of estrogen itself. Isoflavones play a role in regulating the effects of estrogen in the human body, depending on the situation. Thus, when estrogen is insufficient, isoflavones perform the functions of estrogen, and when estrogen is excessive, isoflavones block the estrogen receptors to which estrogen binds, thus acting as an estrogen antagonist. In particular, estrogen antagonistic activity is important in the breast, endometrium, and prostate, and such antagonistic activity suppresses cancer occurrence. Genistein, an isoflavone, has cancer-suppressing effects on estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) cancers, including breast cancer. It suppresses the function of enzymes such as tyrosine protein kinase, mitogen-activated kinase, and DNA polymerase II, thus inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Genistein is the most biologically active and potent isoflavone candidate for cancer prevention. Furthermore, among the various physiological functions of isoflavones, they are best known for their antioxidant activities. S-Equol, a metabolite of genistein and daidzein, has strong antioxidative effects; however, the ability to metabolize daidzein into S-equol varies based on racial and individual differences. The antioxidant activity of isoflavones may be effective in preventing dementia by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Alzheimer's-related tau proteins. Genistein also reduces allergic responses by limiting the expression of mast cell IgE receptors, which are involved in allergic responses. In addition, they have been known to prevent and treat various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndromes, osteoporosis, diabetes, brain-related diseases, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and inflammation. Further, it also has positive effects on menstrual irregularity in non-menopausal women and relieving menopausal symptoms in middle-aged women. Recently, soybean consumption has shown steep increasing trend in Western countries where the intake was previously only 1/20-1/50 of that in Asian countries. In this review, I have dealt with the latest research trends that have shown substantial interest in the biological efficacy of isoflavones in humans and plants, and their related mechanisms.
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Leptin Receptors Are Not Required for Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery to Normalize Energy and Glucose Homeostasis in Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051544. [PMID: 34064308 PMCID: PMC8147759 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitization to the adipokine leptin is a promising therapeutic strategy against obesity and its comorbidities and has been proposed to contribute to the lasting metabolic benefits of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. We formally tested this idea using Zucker fatty fa/fa rats as an established genetic model of obesity, glucose intolerance, and fatty liver due to leptin receptor deficiency. We show that the changes in body weight in these rats following RYGB largely overlaps with that of diet-induced obese Wistar rats with intact leptin receptors. Further, food intake and oral glucose tolerance were normalized in RYGB-treated Zucker fatty fa/fa rats to the levels of lean Zucker fatty fa/+ controls, in association with increased glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and insulin release. In contrast, while fatty liver was also normalized in RYGB-treated Zucker fatty fa/fa rats, their circulating levels of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) remained elevated at the level of obese Zucker fatty fa/fa controls. These findings suggest that the leptin system is not required for the normalization of energy and glucose homeostasis associated with RYGB, but that its potential contribution to the improvements in liver health postoperatively merits further investigation.
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