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Ghosh S, Chowdhury J. Predicting band gaps of ABN 3 perovskites: an account from machine learning and first-principle DFT studies. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6385-6397. [PMID: 38380242 PMCID: PMC10877485 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00402g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The present paper is primarily focused on predicting the band gaps of nitride perovskites from machine learning (ML) models. The ML models have been framed from the feature descriptors and band gap values of 1563 inorganic nitride perovskites having formation energies <-0.026 eV and band gaps ranging from ∼1.0 to 3.1 eV. Four supervised ML models such as multi-layer perceptron (MLP), gradient boosted decision tree (GBDT), support vector regression (SVR) and random forest regression (RFR) have been considered to predict the band gaps of the said systems. The accuracy of each model has been tested from mean absolute error, root-mean-square error and determination coefficient R2 values. The bivariate plots between the predicted and input band gaps of the compounds for both the training and test datasets have also been estimated. Additionally, two ABN3-type nitride perovskites CeBN3 (B = Mo, W) have been selected and their electronic band structures and optoelectronic properties have been studied from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The band gap values of the said compounds have been estimated from DFT calculations at PBE, HSE06, G0W0@PBE, G0W0@HSE06 level of theories. The present study will be helpful in exploring the ML models in predicting the band gaps of nitride perovskites which in turn may bear potential applications in photovoltaic cells and optical luminescent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University 188, Raja S.C. Mallick Road Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Joydeep Chowdhury
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University 188, Raja S.C. Mallick Road Kolkata 700032 India
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2
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Wang S, Wang F, Xu X, Zhang N, Zhang R, Lv L, Jiang X, Huang X, Wu S, Ding Y. Methylammonium-Based Quasi-Two-Dimensional Perovskite Single Crystals for Highly Sensitive X-ray Detection and Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58566-58572. [PMID: 38063362 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The strategy of introducing large organic cations into three-dimensional perovskites could reduce the dimensionality of perovskites to form quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) perovskites, resulting in increased stability and reduced detection limits due to less ion migration. Herein, a quasi-2D perovskite single crystal (BDA)(MA)2Pb3Br10 (BDA = NH3C4H8NH3, MA = CH3NH3) with a layered structure was grown by the temperature-cooling solution method. The X-ray detector based on the (BDA)(MA)2Pb3Br10 single crystal has a sensitivity as high as 1984 μC Gy-1 cm-2 at 55.6 V/mm, and it could detect X-rays as low as 28.12 nGy s-1 at 22.2 V/mm. In addition, the X-ray imaging system based on the single-crystal device easily distinguishes between metals and plastics and exhibits a spatial resolution estimated as 250 μm, indicating the feasibility of (BDA)(MA)2Pb3Br10 crystals for X-ray imaging. This research offers a method for the design of quasi-2D layered perovskites and enhances photoelectronic applications in X-ray inspection and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
| | - Xieming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
| | - Lingfei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shaofan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yuchong Ding
- Research & Development Center of Material and Equipment, No. 26 Research Institute, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Chongqing 400060, China
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3
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Sharif R, Khalid A, Ahmad SW, Rehman A, Qutab HG, Akhtar HH, Mahmood K, Afzal S, Saleem F. A comprehensive review of the current progresses and material advances in perovskite solar cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3803-3833. [PMID: 37496623 PMCID: PMC10367966 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00319a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted ample consideration from the photovoltaic community owing to their continually-increasing power conversion efficiency (PCE), viable solution-processed methods, and inexpensive materials ingredients. Over the past few years, the performance of perovskite-based devices has exceeded 25% due to superior perovskite films achieved using low-temperature synthesis procedures along with evolving appropriate interface and electrode-materials. The current review provides comprehensive knowledge to enhance the performance and materials advances for perovskite solar cells. The latest progress in terms of perovskite crystal structure, device construction, fabrication procedures, and challenges are thoroughly discussed. Also discussed are the different layers such as ETLs and buffer-layers employed in perovskite solar-cells, seeing their transmittance, carrier mobility, and band gap potentials in commercialization. Generally, this review delivers a critical assessment of the improvements, prospects, and trials of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Sharif
- Department of Chemical & Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Lahore Faisalabad Campus, 3½ Km. Khurrianwala - Makkuana By-Pass Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Arshi Khalid
- Department of Humanities & Basic Sciences, University of Engineering & Technology Lahore Faisalabad Campus, 3½ Km. Khurrianwala - Makkuana By-Pass Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Syed Waqas Ahmad
- Department of Chemical & Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Lahore Faisalabad Campus, 3½ Km. Khurrianwala - Makkuana By-Pass Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Chemical & Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Lahore Faisalabad Campus, 3½ Km. Khurrianwala - Makkuana By-Pass Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Haji Ghulam Qutab
- Department of Chemical & Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Lahore Faisalabad Campus, 3½ Km. Khurrianwala - Makkuana By-Pass Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Husnain Akhtar
- Department of Chemical & Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Lahore Faisalabad Campus, 3½ Km. Khurrianwala - Makkuana By-Pass Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Department of Chemical & Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Lahore Faisalabad Campus, 3½ Km. Khurrianwala - Makkuana By-Pass Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Shabana Afzal
- Department of Basic Sciences, Humanities Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Engineering and Technology Multan Pakistan
| | - Faisal Saleem
- Department of Chemical & Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Lahore Faisalabad Campus, 3½ Km. Khurrianwala - Makkuana By-Pass Faisalabad Pakistan
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4
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Zanoni KPS, Pérez-Del-Rey D, Dreessen C, Rodkey N, Sessolo M, Soltanpoor W, Morales-Masis M, Bolink HJ. Tin(IV) Oxide Electron Transport Layer via Industrial-Scale Pulsed Laser Deposition for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37368062 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Electron transport layers (ETL) based on tin(IV) oxide (SnO2) are recurrently employed in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by many deposition techniques. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) offers a few advantages for the fabrication of such layers, such as being compatible with large scale, patternable, and allowing deposition at fast rates. However, a precise understanding of how the deposition parameters can affect the SnO2 film, and as a consequence the solar cell performance, is needed. Herein, we use a PLD tool equipped with a droplet trap to minimize the number of excess particles (originated from debris) reaching the substrate, and we show how to control the PLD chamber pressure to obtain surfaces with very low roughness and how the concentration of oxygen in the background gas can affect the number of oxygen vacancies in the film. Using optimized deposition conditions, we obtained solar cells in the n-i-p configuration employing methylammonium lead iodide perovskite as the absorber layer with power conversion efficiencies exceeding 18% and identical performance to devices having the more typical atomic layer deposited SnO2 ETL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassio P S Zanoni
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático J. Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Daniel Pérez-Del-Rey
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático J. Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Chris Dreessen
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático J. Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Nathan Rodkey
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático J. Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Michele Sessolo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático J. Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Wiria Soltanpoor
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Monica Morales-Masis
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Bolink
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático J. Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
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5
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Schmidt F, Amrein M, Hedwig S, Kober-Czerny M, Paracchino A, Holappa V, Suhonen R, Schäffer A, Constable EC, Snaith HJ, Lenz M. Organic solvent free PbI 2 recycling from perovskite solar cells using hot water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 447:130829. [PMID: 36682249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells represent an emerging and highly promising renewable energy technology. However, the most efficient perovskite solar cells critically depend on the use of lead. This represents a possible environmental concern potentially limiting the technologies' commercialization. Here, we demonstrate a facile recycling process for PbI2, the most common lead-based precursor in perovskite absorber material. The process uses only hot water to effectively extract lead from synthetic precursor mixes, plastic- and glass-based perovskites (92.6 - 100% efficiency after two extractions). When the hot extractant is cooled, crystalline PbI2 in high purity (> 95.9%) precipitated with a high yield: from glass-based perovskites, the first cycle of extraction / precipitation was sufficient to recover 94.4 ± 5.6% of Pb, whereas a second cycle yielded another 10.0 ± 5.2% Pb, making the recovery quantitative. The solid extraction residue remaining is consequently deprived of metals and may thus be disposed as non-hazardous waste. Therefore, exploiting the highly temperature-dependent solubility of PbI2 in water provides a straightforward, easy to implement way to efficiently extract lead from PSC at the end-of-life and deposit the extraction residues in a cost-effective manner, mitigating the potential risk of lead leaching at the perovskites' end-of-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schmidt
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Meret Amrein
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Hedwig
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Kober-Czerny
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | | | - Ville Holappa
- Printed materials systems, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Kaitoväylä 1, Oulu 90570, Finland
| | - Riikka Suhonen
- Printed materials systems, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Kaitoväylä 1, Oulu 90570, Finland
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Edwin C Constable
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Markus Lenz
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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6
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Masawa SM, Bakari R, Xu J, Yao J. Progress and challenges in the fabrication of lead-free all-inorganic perovskites solar cells using solvent and compositional engineering Techniques-A review. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Umar A, Singh PK, Dwivedi DK, Algadi H, Ibrahim AA, Alhammai MAM, Baskoutas S. High Power-Conversion Efficiency of Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells: A Theoretical Investigation. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2201. [PMID: 36557500 PMCID: PMC9781076 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Solar cells based on lead-free perovskite have demonstrated great potential for next-generation renewable energy. The SCAPS-1D simulation software was used in this study to perform novel device modelling of a lead-free perovskite solar cell of the architecture ITO/WS2/CH3NH3SnI3/P3HT/Au. For the performance evaluation, an optimization process of the different parameters such as thickness, bandgap, doping concentration, etc., was conducted. Extensive optimization of the thickness and doping density of the absorber and electron transport layer resulted in a maximum power-conversion efficiency of 33.46% for our designed solar cell. Because of the short diffusion length and higher defect density in thicker perovskite, an absorber thickness of 1.2 µm is recommended for optimal solar cell performance. Therefore, we expect that our findings will pave the way for the development of lead-free and highly effective perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, and Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pravin Kumar Singh
- Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Gammalkilsvägen 18, 590 53 Ulrika, Sweden
| | - D. K. Dwivedi
- Photonics and Photovoltaic Research Lab, Department of Physics and Material Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur 273010, India
| | - Hassan Algadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, and Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen A. M. Alhammai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, and Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sotirios Baskoutas
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece
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8
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Nazir G, Lee SY, Lee JH, Rehman A, Lee JK, Seok SI, Park SJ. Stabilization of Perovskite Solar Cells: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2204380. [PMID: 36103603 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exceptional power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.7% in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been achieved, which is comparable with their traditional rivals (Si-based solar cells). However, commercialization-worthy efficiency and long-term stability remain a challenge. In this regard, there are increasing studies focusing on the interface engineering in PSC devices to overcome their poor technical readiness. Herein, the roles of electrode materials and interfaces in PSCs are discussed in terms of their PCEs and perovskite stability. All the current knowledge on the factors responsible for the rapid intrinsic and external degradation of PSCs is presented. Then, the roles of carbonaceous materials as substitutes for noble metals are focused on, along with the recent research progress in carbon-based PSCs. Furthermore, a sub-category of PSCs, that is, flexible PSCs, is considered as a type of exceptional power source due to their high power-to-weight ratios and figures of merit for next-generation wearable electronics. Last, the future perspectives and directions for research in PSCs are discussed, with an emphasis on their commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazanfar Nazir
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Yi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Adeela Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Sang Il Seok
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
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Chowdhury TH, Reo Y, Yusoff ARBM, Noh Y. Sn-Based Perovskite Halides for Electronic Devices. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203749. [PMID: 36257820 PMCID: PMC9685468 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Because of its less toxicity and electronic structure analogous to that of lead, tin halide perovskite (THP) is currently one of the most favorable candidates as an active layer for optoelectronic and electric devices such as solar cells, photodiodes, and field-effect transistors (FETs). Promising photovoltaics and FETs performances have been recently demonstrated because of their desirable electrical and optical properties. Nevertheless, THP's easy oxidation from Sn2+ to Sn4+ , easy formation of tin vacancy, uncontrollable film morphology and crystallinity, and interface instability severely impede its widespread application. This review paper aims to provide a basic understanding of THP as a semiconductor by highlighting the physical structure, energy band structure, electrical properties, and doping mechanisms. Additionally, the key chemical instability issues of THPs are discussed, which are identified as the potential bottleneck for further device development. Based on the understanding of the THPs properties, the key recent progress of THP-based solar cells and FETs is briefly discussed. To conclude, current challenges and perspective opportunities are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Towhid H. Chowdhury
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology77 Cheongam‐Ro, Nam‐GuPohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Youjin Reo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology77 Cheongam‐Ro, Nam‐GuPohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Abd Rashid Bin Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology77 Cheongam‐Ro, Nam‐GuPohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Yong‐Young Noh
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology77 Cheongam‐Ro, Nam‐GuPohang37673Republic of Korea
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10
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Nagaya Wong N, Ha SK, Williams K, Shcherbakov-Wu W, Swan JW, Tisdale WA. Robust estimation of charge carrier diffusivity using transient photoluminescence microscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:104201. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient microscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for imaging the diffusion of excitons and free charge carriers in optoelectronic materials. In many excitonic materials, extraction of diffusion coefficients can be simplified because of the linear relationship between signal intensity and local excited state population. However, in materials where transport is dominated by free charge carriers, extracting diffusivities accurately from multidimensional data is complicated by the nonlinear dependence of the measured signal on the local charge carrier density. To obtain accurate estimates of charge carrier diffusivity from transient microscopy data, statistically robust fitting algorithms coupled to efficient 3D numerical solvers that faithfully relate local carrier dynamics to raw experimental measurables are sometimes needed. Here, we provide a detailed numerical framework for modeling the spatiotemporal dynamics of free charge carriers in bulk semiconductors with significant solving speed reduction and for simulating the corresponding transient photoluminescence microscopy data. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we apply a fitting algorithm using a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler to experimental data on bulk CdS and methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) crystals. Parameter analyses reveal that transient photoluminescence microscopy can be used to obtain robust estimates of charge carrier diffusivities in optoelectronic materials of interest, but that other experimental approaches should be used for obtaining carrier recombination constants. Additionally, simplifications can be made to the fitting model depending on the experimental conditions and material systems studied. Our open-source simulation code and fitting algorithm are made freely available to the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Nagaya Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Seung Kyun Ha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Kristopher Williams
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Wenbi Shcherbakov-Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - James W. Swan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - William A. Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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11
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Quy H, Bark CW. Ni-Doped SnO 2 as an Electron Transport Layer by a Low-Temperature Process in Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22256-22262. [PMID: 35811856 PMCID: PMC9260750 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on a planar structure have recently become more attractive due to their simple manufacturing process and relatively low cost, while most perovskite solar cells employ highly porous TiO2 as an electron transport layer in mesoporous devices offering higher energy conversion efficiency (PCE). In planar structural devices, non-radiative recombination effects of the absorber layer and the electron transport layer cause potential loss and lower PCE. We created an efficient electron transport layer by combining low-temperature Ni-doped SnO2 with SDBS as a surfactant (denoted as Ni:SnO2). Doping Ni+ into low-temperature solution-processed SnO2 increased the power conversion efficiency of PSCs from 17.8 to 19.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang
V. Quy
- Division
of Energy Technology, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute
of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Chung W. Bark
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
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12
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Progress and Recent Strategies in the Synthesis and Catalytic Applications of Perovskites Based on Lanthanum and Aluminum. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093288. [PMID: 35591622 PMCID: PMC9100353 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanum aluminate-based perovskite (LaAlO3) has excellent stability at high temperatures, low toxicity, and high chemical resistance and also offers wide versatility to the substitution of La3+ and Al3+, thus, allowing it to be applied as a catalyst, nano-adsorbent, sensor, and microwave dielectric resonator, amongst other equally important uses. As such, LaAlO3 perovskites have gained importance in recent years. This review considers the extensive literature of the past 10 years on the synthesis and catalytic applications of perovskites based on lanthanum and aluminum (LaAlO3). The aim is, first, to provide an overview of the structure, properties, and classification of perovskites. Secondly, the most recent advances in synthetic methods, such as solid-state methods, solution-mediated methods (co-precipitation, sol–gel, and Pechini synthesis), thermal treatments (combustion, microwave, and freeze drying), and hydrothermal and solvothermal methods, are also discussed. The most recent energetic catalytic applications (the dry and steam reforming of methane; steam reforming of toluene, glycerol, and ethanol; and oxidative coupling of methane, amongst others) using these functional materials are also addressed. Finally, the synthetic challenges, advantages, and limitations associated with the preparation methods and catalytic applications are discussed.
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Kumar M, Pawar V, Jha PK, Jha PA, Singh P. Compositional degradation with Br content in Cesium lead halide CsPbBrxI3-x. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.122893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Beisenbayev AR, Sadirkhanov ZT, Yerlanuly Y, Kaikanov MI, Jumabekov AN. Self-Powered Organometal Halide Perovskite Photodetector with Embedded Silver Nanowires. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1034. [PMID: 35407152 PMCID: PMC9000456 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) configuration of perovskite photodetectors (PPDs) suggests easy and low-cost manufacturing. However, the basic structures of MSM PPDs include vertical and lateral configurations, which require the use of expensive materials such as transparent conductive oxides or/and sophisticated fabrication techniques such as lithography. Integrating metallic nanowire-based electrodes into the perovskite photo-absorber layer to form one-half of the MSM PPD structure could potentially resolve the key issues of both configurations. Here, a manufacturing of solution-processed and self-powered MSM PPDs with embedded silver nanowire electrodes is demonstrated. The embedding of silver nanowire electrode into the perovskite layer is achieved by treating the silver nanowire/perovskite double layer with a methylamine gas vapor. The evaporated gold layer is used as the second electrode to form MSM PPDs. The prepared MSM PPDs show a photoresponsivity of 4 × 10-5 AW-1 in the UV region and 2 × 10-5 AW-1 in the visible region. On average, the devices exhibit a photocurrent of 1.1 × 10-6 A under white light (75 mW cm-2) illumination with an ON/OFF ratio of 83.4. The results presented in this work open up a new method for development and fabrication of simple, solution-processable MSM self-powered PPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almaz R. Beisenbayev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Zhandos T. Sadirkhanov
- Department of Physics, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Z.T.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.I.K.)
| | - Yerassyl Yerlanuly
- Department of Physics, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Z.T.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.I.K.)
| | - Marat I. Kaikanov
- Department of Physics, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Z.T.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.I.K.)
| | - Askhat N. Jumabekov
- Department of Physics, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Z.T.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.I.K.)
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15
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Lie S, Bruno A, Wong LH, Etgar L. Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells with > 13% Efficiency and 27% Transperancy Using Plasmonic Au Nanorods. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:11339-11349. [PMID: 35201744 PMCID: PMC8915162 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Semitransparent hybrid perovskites open up applications in windows and building-integrated photovoltaics. One way to achieve semitransparency is by thinning the perovskite film, which has several benefits such as cost efficiency and reduction of lead. However, this will result in a reduced light absorbance; therefore, to compromise this loss, it is possible to incorporate plasmonic metal nanostructures, which can trap incident light and locally amplify the electromagnetic field around the resonance peaks. Here, Au nanorods (NRs), which are not detrimental for the perovskite and whose resonance peak overlaps with the perovskite band gap, are deposited on top of a thin (∼200 nm) semitransparent perovskite film. These semitransparent perovskite solar cells with 27% average visible transparency show enhancement in the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor, demonstrating 13.7% efficiency (improved by ∼6% compared to reference cells). Space-charge limited current, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Mott-Schottky analyses shed more light on the trap density, nonradiative recombination, and defect density in these Au NR post-treated semitransparent perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, Au NR implementation enhances the stability of the solar cell under ambient conditions. These findings show the ability to compensate for the light harvesting of semitransparent perovskites using the plasmonic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stener Lie
- Singapore-HUJ
Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Nanomaterials for Energy
and Energy-Water Nexus (NEW), Campus for
Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
- School
of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Energy
Research Institute, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Lydia Helena Wong
- Singapore-HUJ
Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Nanomaterials for Energy
and Energy-Water Nexus (NEW), Campus for
Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
- School
of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Lioz Etgar
- Singapore-HUJ
Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Nanomaterials for Energy
and Energy-Water Nexus (NEW), Campus for
Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Institute
of Chemistry, Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Impact of Cesium Concentration on Optoelectronic Properties of Metal Halide Perovskites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051936. [PMID: 35269167 PMCID: PMC8911591 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Performance of a perovskite solar cell is largely influenced by the optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskite films. Here we study the influence of cesium concentration on morphology, crystal structure, photoluminescence and optical properties of the triple cation perovskite film. Incorporation of small amount (x = 0.1) of cesium cations into Csx(MA0.17FA0.83)1−x Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 leads to enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cell resulting mainly from significant rise of the short-current density and the fill factor value. Further increase of Cs concentration (x > 0.1) decreases the film’s phase purity, carrier lifetime and correspondingly reduces PCE of the solar cell. Higher concentration of Cs (x ≥ 0.2) causes phase segregation of the perovskite alongside with formation of Cs-rich regions impeding light absorption.
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Surendran A, Enale H, Thottungal A, Sarapulova A, Knapp M, Nishanthi ST, Dixon D, Bhaskar A. Unveiling the Electrochemical Mechanism of High-Capacity Negative Electrode Model-System BiFeO 3 in Sodium-Ion Batteries: An In Operando XAS Investigation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:7856-7868. [PMID: 35107246 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Careful development and optimization of negative electrode (anode) materials for Na-ion batteries (SIBs) are essential, for their widespread applications requiring a long-term cycling stability. BiFeO3 (BFO) with a LiNbO3-type structure (space group R3c) is an ideal negative electrode model system as it delivers a high specific capacity (770 mAh g-1), which is proposed through a conversion and alloying mechanism. In this work, BFO is synthesized via a sol-gel method and investigated as a conversion-type anode model-system for sodium-ion half-cells. As there is a difference in the first and second cycle profiles in the cyclic voltammogram, the operating mechanism of charge-discharge is elucidated using in operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy. In the first discharge, Bi is found to contribute toward the electrochemical activity through a conversion mechanism (Bi3+ → Bi0), followed by the formation of Na-Bi intermetallic compounds. Evidence for involvement of Fe in the charge storage mechanism through conversion of the oxide (Fe3+) form to metallic Fe and back during discharging/charging is also obtained, which is absent in previous literature reports. Reversible dealloying and subsequent oxidation of Bi and oxidation of Fe are observed in the following charge cycle. In the second discharge cycle, a reduction of Bi and Fe oxides is observed. Changes in the oxidation states of Bi and Fe, and the local coordination changes during electrochemical cycling are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the optimization of cycling stability of BFO is carried out by varying binders and electrolyte compositions. Based on that, electrodes prepared with the Na-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder are chosen for optimization of the electrolyte composition. BFO-CMC electrodes exhibit the best electrochemical performance in electrolytes containing fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) as the additive. BFO-CMC electrodes deliver initial capacity values of 635 and 453 mAh g-1 in the Na-insertion (discharge) and deinsertion (charge) processes, respectively, in the electrolyte composition of 1 M NaPF6 in EC/DEC (1:1, v/v) with a 2% FEC additive. The capacity values stabilize around 10th cycle and capacity retention of 73% is observed after 60 cycles with respect to the 10th cycle charge capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammu Surendran
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division, CSIR-CECRI, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Harsha Enale
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division, CSIR-CECRI, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Aswathi Thottungal
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division, CSIR-CECRI, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Angelina Sarapulova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen D-76344, Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen D-76344, Germany
| | - S T Nishanthi
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division, CSIR-CECRI, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ditty Dixon
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division, CSIR-CECRI, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Aiswarya Bhaskar
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division, CSIR-CECRI, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Effects of the PbBr 2:PbI 2 Molar Ratio on the Formation of Lead Halide Thin Films, and the Ratio's Application for High Performance and Wide Bandgap Solar Cells. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030837. [PMID: 35160782 PMCID: PMC8837168 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effects of the molar ratio (x) of PbBr2 on the phases, microstructure, surface morphology, optical properties, and structural defects of mixed lead halides PbI2(1−x)Br2x for use in solar cell devices. Results indicate that as x increased to 0.3, the surface morphology continued to improve, accompanied by the growth of PbI2 grains. This resulted in lead halide films with a very smooth and continuous morphology, including large grains when the film was formed at x = 0.3. In addition, the microstructure changed from (001)-oriented pure PbI2 to a highly (001)-oriented β (PbI2-rich) phase. The plausible mechanism for the enhanced morphology of the lead halide films by the addition of PbBr2 is proposed based on the growth of a Br-saturated lead iodide solid solution. Furthermore, iodine vacancies, identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, decreased as the ratio of PbBr2 increased. Finally, an electrical analysis of the solar cells was performed by using a PN heterojunction model, revealing that structural defects, such as iodine vacancies and grain boundaries, are the main contributors to the degradation of the performance of pure PbI2-based solar cells (including high leakage, low stability, and high hysteresis), which was significantly improved by the addition of PbBr2. The solar cell fabricated at x = 0.3 in air showed excellent stability and performance. The device lost merely 20% of the initial efficiency of 4.11% after 1500 h without encapsulation. This may be due to the dense microstructure and the reduced structural defects of lead halides formed at x = 0.3.
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Developments on Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs): A Critical Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This review provides detailed information on perovskite solar cell device background and monitors stepwise scientific efforts applied to improve device performance with time. The work reviews previous studies and the latest developments in the perovskite crystal structure, electronic structure, device architecture, fabrication methods, and challenges. Advantages, such as easy bandgap tunability, low charge recombination rates, and low fabrication cost, are among the topics discussed. Some of the most important elements highlighted in this review are concerns regarding commercialization and prototyping. Perovskite solar cells are generally still lab-based devices suffering from drawbacks such as device intrinsic and extrinsic instabilities and rising environmental concerns due to the use of the toxic inorganic lead (Pb) element in the perovskite (ABX3) light-active material. Some interesting recommendations and possible future perspectives are well articulated.
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20
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Islam MA, Mohafez H, Sobayel K, Wan Muhamad Hatta SF, Hasan AKM, Khandaker MU, Akhtaruzzaman M, Muhammad G, Amin N. Degradation of Perovskite Thin Films and Solar Cells with Candle Soot C/Ag Electrode Exposed in a Control Ambient. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3463. [PMID: 34947812 PMCID: PMC8705018 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have already achieved efficiencies of over 25%; however, their instability and degradation in the operational environment have prevented them from becoming commercially viable. Understanding the degradation mechanism, as well as improving the fabrication technique for achieving high-quality perovskite films, is crucial to overcoming these shortcomings. In this study, we investigated details in the changes of physical properties associated with the degradation and/or decomposition of perovskite films and solar cells using XRD, FESEM, EDX, UV-Vis, Hall-effect, and current-voltage (I-V) measurement techniques. The dissociation, as well as the intensity of perovskite peaks, have been observed as an impact of film degradation by humidity. The decomposition rate of perovskite film has been estimated from the structural and optical changes. The performance degradation of novel planner structure PSCs has been investigated in detail. The PSCs were fabricated in-room ambient using candle soot carbon and screen-printed Ag electrode. It was found that until the perovskite film decomposed by 30%, the film properties and cell efficiency remained stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aminul Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Hamidreza Mohafez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Khan Sobayel
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (K.S.); (A.K.M.H.); (M.A.)
| | | | - Abul Kalam Mahmud Hasan
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (K.S.); (A.K.M.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Md. Akhtaruzzaman
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (K.S.); (A.K.M.H.); (M.A.)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Ghulam Muhammad
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 51178, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nowshad Amin
- College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (The National Energy University), Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia;
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21
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Recent Issues and Configuration Factors in Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells towards Large Scaling Production. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123186. [PMID: 34947535 PMCID: PMC8708322 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented development of perovskite-silicon (PSC-Si) tandem solar cells in the last five years has been hindered by several challenges towards industrialization, which require further research. The combination of the low cost of perovskite and legacy silicon solar cells serve as primary drivers for PSC-Si tandem solar cell improvement. For the perovskite top-cell, the utmost concern reported in the literature is perovskite instability. Hence, proposed physical loss mechanisms for intrinsic and extrinsic instability as triggering mechanisms for hysteresis, ion segregation, and trap states, along with the latest proposed mitigation strategies in terms of stability engineering, are discussed. The silicon bottom cell, being a mature technology, is currently facing bottleneck challenges to achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCE) greater than 26.7%, which requires more understanding in the context of light management and passivation technologies. Finally, for large-scale industrialization of the PSC-Si tandem solar cell, the promising silicon wafer thinning, and large-scale film deposition technologies could cause a shift and align with a more affordable and flexible roll-to-roll PSC-Si technology. Therefore, this review aims to provide deliberate guidance on critical fundamental issues and configuration factors in current PSC-Si tandem technologies towards large-scale industrialization. to meet the 2031 PSC-Si Tandem road maps market target.
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Efficient and Stable Perovskite Large Area Cells by Low-Cost Fluorene-Xantene-Based Hole Transporting Layer. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14196081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among the new generation photovoltaics, perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology reached top efficiencies in a few years. Currently, the main objective to further develop PSCs is related to the fabrication of stable devices with cost-effective materials and reliable fabrication processes to achieve a possible industrialization pathway. In the n-i-p device configuration, the hole transporting material (HTM) used most is the highly doped organic spiro-fluorene-based material (Spiro-OMeTAD). In addition to the high cost related to its complex synthesis, this material has different issues such as poor photo, thermal and moisture stability. Here, we test on small and large area PSCs a commercially available HTM (X55, Dyenamo) with a new core made by low-cost fluorene–xantene units. The one-pot synthesis of this compound reduces 30 times its cost with respect to Spiro-OMeTAD. The optoelectronic performances and properties are characterized through JV measurement, IPCE (incident photon to current efficiency), steady-state photoluminescence and ISOS stability test. SEM (scanning electron microscope) images reveal a uniform and pinhole free coverage of the X55 HTM surface, which reduces the charge recombination losses and improves the device performance relative to Spiro-OMeTAD from 16% to 17%. The ISOS-D-1 stability test on large area cells without any encapsulation reports an efficiency drop of about 15% after 1000 h compared to 30% for the reference case.
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Liu X, Fan J, Huang C. Advances in Theoretical Calculation of Halide Perovskites for Photocatalysis. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.695490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalysis, which includes water splitting for hydrogen fuel generation, degradation of organic pollutants, and CO2 reduction using renewable solar energy, is one of the most promising solutions for environmental protection and energy conversion. Halide perovskite has recently emerged as a new promising material for photocatalytic applications. The exploration of new efficient halide perovskite-based photocatalysts and understanding of photocatalytic reaction mechanisms can be revealed using theoretical calculations. The progress and applications of first-principles atomistic modeling and simulation of halide perovskite photocatalysts, including metal halide perovskites, halide perovskite heterojunctions, and other promising perovskite derivatives, are presented in this review. Critical insights into the challenges and future research directions of photocatalysis using halide perovskites are also discussed.
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Crystal Engineering Approach for Fabrication of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cell in Ambient Conditions. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14061751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate the high potentialities of pristine single-cation and mixed cation/anion perovskite solar cells (PSC) fabricated by sequential method deposition in p-i-n planar architecture (ITO/NiOX/Perovskite/PCBM/BCP/Ag) in ambient conditions. We applied the crystal engineering approach for perovskite deposition to control the quality and crystallinity of the light-harvesting film. The formation of a full converted and uniform perovskite absorber layer from poriferous pre-film on a planar hole transporting layer (HTL) is one of the crucial factors for the fabrication of high-performance PSCs. We show that the in-air sequential deposited MAPbI3-based PSCs on planar nickel oxide (NiOX) permitted to obtain a Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) exceeding 14% while the (FA,MA,Cs)Pb(I,Br)3-based PSC achieved 15.6%. In this paper we also compared the influence of transporting layers on the cell performance by testing material depositions quantity and thickness (for hole transporting layer), and conditions of deposition processes (for electron transporting layer). Moreover, we optimized second step of perovskite deposition by varying the dipping time of substrates into the MA(I,Br) solution. We have shown that the layer by layer deposition of the NiOx is the key point to improve the efficiency for inverted perovskite solar cell out of glove-box using sequential deposition method, increasing the relative efficiency of +26% with respect to reference cells.
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Noculak A, Boehme SC, Aebli M, Shynkarenko Y, McCall KM, Kovalenko MV. Pressure‐Induced Perovskite‐to‐non‐Perovskite Phase Transition in CsPbBr
3. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Noculak
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Dübendorf Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Switzerland
| | - Simon C. Boehme
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Dübendorf Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Switzerland
| | - Marcel Aebli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Dübendorf Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Switzerland
| | - Yevhen Shynkarenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Dübendorf Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Switzerland
| | - Kyle M. McCall
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Dübendorf Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Dübendorf Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Switzerland
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Probing the ionic defect landscape in halide perovskite solar cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6098. [PMID: 33257707 PMCID: PMC7705665 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19769-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Point defects in metal halide perovskites play a critical role in determining their properties and optoelectronic performance; however, many open questions remain unanswered. In this work, we apply impedance spectroscopy and deep-level transient spectroscopy to characterize the ionic defect landscape in methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) perovskites in which defects were purposely introduced by fractionally changing the precursor stoichiometry. Our results highlight the profound influence of defects on the electronic landscape, exemplified by their impact on the device built-in potential, and consequently, the open-circuit voltage. Even low ion densities can have an impact on the electronic landscape when both cations and anions are considered as mobile. Moreover, we find that all measured ionic defects fulfil the Meyer–Neldel rule with a characteristic energy connected to the underlying ion hopping process. These findings support a general categorization of defects in halide perovskite compounds. Defects in perovskite affect the properties and performance in optoelectronic devices, yet the nature of ionic defects remains elusive. Here, the authors investigate the ionic defect landscape in perovskite introduced by varying precursor stoichiometry, and find the defects fulfill the Meyer-Neldel rule.
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Piveteau L, Morad V, Kovalenko MV. Solid-State NMR and NQR Spectroscopy of Lead-Halide Perovskite Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19413-19437. [PMID: 32986955 PMCID: PMC7677932 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Two- and three-dimensional lead-halide perovskite (LHP) materials are novel semiconductors that have generated broad interest owing to their outstanding optical and electronic properties. Characterization and understanding of their atomic structure and structure-property relationships are often nontrivial as a result of the vast structural and compositional tunability of LHPs as well as the enhanced structure dynamics as compared with oxide perovskites or more conventional semiconductors. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy contributes to this thrust through its unique capability of sampling chemical bonding element-specifically (1/2H, 13C, 14/15N, 35/37Cl, 39K, 79/81Br, 87Rb, 127I, 133Cs, and 207Pb nuclei) and locally and shedding light onto the connectivity, geometry, topology, and dynamics of bonding. NMR can therefore readily observe phase transitions, evaluate phase purity and compositional and structural disorder, and probe molecular dynamics and ionic motion in diverse forms of LHPs, in which they can be used practically, ranging from bulk single crystals (e.g., in gamma and X-ray detectors) to polycrystalline films (e.g., in photovoltaics, photodetectors, and light-emitting diodes) and colloidal nanocrystals (e.g., in liquid crystal displays and future quantum light sources). Herein we also outline the immense practical potential of nuclear quadrupolar resonance (NQR) spectroscopy for characterizing LHPs, owing to the strong quadrupole moments, good sensitivity, and high natural abundance of several halide nuclei (79/81Br and 127I) combined with the enhanced electric field gradients around these nuclei existing in LHPs as well as the instrumental simplicity. Strong quadrupole interactions, on one side, make 79/81Br and 127I NMR rather impractical but turn NQR into a high-resolution probe of the local structure around halide ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Piveteau
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
- CNRS,
UPR 3079, CEMHTI, Orléans, 45071 Cedex 02, France
| | - Viktoriia Morad
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
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29
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Imani SM, Ladouceur L, Marshall T, Maclachlan R, Soleymani L, Didar TF. Antimicrobial Nanomaterials and Coatings: Current Mechanisms and Future Perspectives to Control the Spread of Viruses Including SARS-CoV-2. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12341-12369. [PMID: 33034443 PMCID: PMC7553040 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic has attracted considerable attention toward innovative methods and technologies for suppressing the spread of viruses. Transmission via contaminated surfaces has been recognized as an important route for spreading SARS-CoV-2. Although significant efforts have been made to develop antibacterial surface coatings, the literature remains scarce for a systematic study on broad-range antiviral coatings. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the antiviral materials and coatings that could be implemented for suppressing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 via contaminated surfaces. We discuss the mechanism of operation and effectivity of several types of inorganic and organic materials, in the bulk and nanomaterial form, and assess the possibility of implementing these as antiviral coatings. Toxicity and environmental concerns are also discussed for the presented approaches. Finally, we present future perspectives with regards to emerging antimicrobial technologies such as omniphobic surfaces and assess their potential in suppressing surface-mediated virus transfer. Although some of these emerging technologies have not yet been tested directly as antiviral coatings, they hold great potential for designing the next generation of antiviral surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Imani
- School of Biomedical Engineering,
McMaster University, 1280 Main Street
West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Liane Ladouceur
- School of Biomedical Engineering,
McMaster University, 1280 Main Street
West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Terrel Marshall
- Department of Engineering Physics,
McMaster University, 1280 Main Street
West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Roderick Maclachlan
- Department of Engineering Physics,
McMaster University, 1280 Main Street
West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- School of Biomedical Engineering,
McMaster University, 1280 Main Street
West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
- Department of Engineering Physics,
McMaster University, 1280 Main Street
West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Tohid F. Didar
- School of Biomedical Engineering,
McMaster University, 1280 Main Street
West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
McMaster University, 1280 Main Street
West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute of
Infectious Disease Research, McMaster
University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5,
Canada
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30
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Pandech N, Kongnok T, Palakawong N, Limpijumnong S, Lambrecht WRL, Jungthawan S. Effects of the van der Waals Interactions on Structural and Electronic Properties of CH 3NH 3(Pb,Sn)(I,Br,Cl) 3 Halide Perovskites. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25723-25732. [PMID: 33073098 PMCID: PMC7557212 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In hybrid perovskite materials like CH3NH3PbI3, methylammonium (MA) lead iodide (MAPI), the orientation of the MA+ cations and their ordering can significantly affect the structure of the inorganic framework. Although the states near the band edges are known to be primarily derived from the Pb and halogen orbitals rather than from the organic ion, the latter may have an indirect effect through their impact on the structural relaxation. In this work, we investigate both the structural relaxation effects of the inorganic framework in response to the MA+ orientation and their impact on the electronic structure near the band edges. Calculations are performed for MA(Pb,Sn)X 3 with (X = I, Br, and Cl) materials for both Pb- and Sn-based compounds. The work focuses on the high-temperature α-phase, which is nominally cubic if averaged over all possible MA orientations and in which no alternating rotations of the octahedral occur, so that the unit cell is the smallest possible. The effects of van der Waals (vdW) corrections to density functional theory on the structural relaxation are investigated. Our results reveal that the vdW interactions between the MA+ cation and the inorganic framework can strongly affect the optimized orientation and position of the molecule and the resulting distortion of the inorganic framework. Consequently, it also affects the electronic properties of the materials and specifically can change the band structure from direct to indirect band gaps. The robustness of this result is studied by comparing hybrid functional calculations and quasiparticle self-consistent GW calculations as well as spin-orbit coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasak Pandech
- School
of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree
University of Technology, Nakhon
Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Thailand
Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science,
Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thanundon Kongnok
- School
of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree
University of Technology, Nakhon
Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Thailand
Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science,
Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nirawith Palakawong
- School
of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree
University of Technology, Nakhon
Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Thailand
Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science,
Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sukit Limpijumnong
- School
of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree
University of Technology, Nakhon
Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- The
Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology, 924 Sukhumvit Road, Phra Khanong,
Khlong Toei, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Walter R. L. Lambrecht
- Department
of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7079, United States
| | - Sirichok Jungthawan
- School
of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree
University of Technology, Nakhon
Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Thailand
Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science,
Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence in Advanced Functional Materials, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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31
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Fraccarollo A, Zoccante A, Marchese L, Cossi M. Ab initio modeling of 2D and quasi-2D lead organohalide perovskites with divalent organic cations and a tunable band gap. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20573-20587. [PMID: 32893270 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06851a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe theoretically the structure and properties of layered lead organohalide perovskites, considering purely bi-dimensional (2D) PbI4 layers, and quasi-2D systems where the inorganic layers are formed by more than one lead iodide sheet. The intercalating organic dications were designed to have low lying virtual orbitals (LUMO), so as to induce in the perovskite the appearance of virtual bands, localized in the organic layer, either close to the inorganic conduction band bottom or valence band top, or in some cases in the middle of the inorganic band gap. Such a feature is quite uncommon for this class of materials, and deserves attention since it allows one to tune the effective band gap of the material, possibly leading to the absorption of visible light and influencing the optical properties deeply. We discuss the effect of functional groups on the organic cations, and of the different symmetries used in geometry optimizations: a careful analysis of the contributions to the dispersion curves and band gaps was performed. The charge carrier mobility is also discussed, computing the conductivity over relaxation time and the effective masses for all the systems, with particular attention to the features related to the unusual organic intra-gap bands. All the structures were optimized at the DFT level, with inclusion of dispersion effects; dispersion curves were computed with full relativistic potentials, and the band gaps corrected for long range coulombic effects at the GW level. A semiempirical approach, based on the integration of charge carrier group velocities over a dense grid of k-points, was used to compute the conductivities and effective masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fraccarollo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, via T. Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy.
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32
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Sabzyan H, Ghaderi F. Computational study of iron perovskite CH 3NH 3FeI 3as an alternative to the lead perovskite CH 3NH 3PbI 3for application in solar cells. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:465501. [PMID: 32521527 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab9b4f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Structural and optical properties of methylammonium iron iodide perovskite CH3NH3FeI3are studied at DFT-PBE(mBJ)/FP-LAPW + lo level of theory to assess feasibility of the replacement of the toxic lead with the non-toxic iron in the perovskite layer of solar cells. Starting from experimental crystal structure of the Pb perovskite, volume and aspect ratio (c/a) and atomic positions are optimized for the CH3NH3FeI3structure, and its electronic and optical characteristics are calculated. An index, measuring the raw optical performance of the light harvesting layer of a solar cell is introduced and calculated for the two Fe and Pb perovskites. Comparative values of this index shows that the iron perovskite CH3NH3FeI3has an acceptable optical performance, ∼61% that of the Pb perovskite CH3NH3PbI3. Analysis of the Brewster angles (θB) calculated for the TiO2/perovskite and perovskite/spiro interfaces shows that the Fe perovskite solar cell can have better optical harvesting performance by a factor of 1.32, which improves its comparative overall performance up to 80%. As a conclusion, application of iron perovskite CH3NH3FeI3is promising, especially due to its much lower costs and significantly alleviated environmental hazards of the incorporating solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sabzyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, I. R. Iran
| | - Forouzan Ghaderi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, I. R. Iran
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33
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Tooghi A, Fathi D, Eskandari M. High-performance perovskite solar cell using photonic-plasmonic nanostructure. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11248. [PMID: 32647193 PMCID: PMC7347543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a coupled optical-electrical modeling method is applied to simulate perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to find ways to improve light absorption by the active layer and ensure that the generated carriers are collected effectively. Initially, a planar structure of the PSC is investigated and its optical losses are determined. To reduce the losses and enhance collection efficiency, a convex light-trapping configuration of PSC is used and the impacts of these nanostructures on all parts of the cell are investigated. In this convex nanostructured PSC, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is found to be increased when the thickness of the absorbing layer remained unchanged. Then, a plasmonic reflector is applied to trap light inside the perovskite. In this structure, by scattering light through the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of the Au back-contact, the electromagnetic field is found to concentrate in the active layer. This results in increased perovskite absorption and, consequently, a high current density of the cell. In the final structure, which is the integration of these two structures, optical losses are found to be greatly diminished and the short-circuit current density (Jsc) is increased from 18.63 mA/cm2 for the planar structure to 23.5 mA/cm2 for the proposed structure. Due to the increased Jsc and open-circuit voltage (Voc) caused by the improved carrier collection, the PCE increases from 14.62 to 19.54%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tooghi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Fathi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Eskandari
- Nanomaterial Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR) on TMU, Tehran, Iran
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34
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Stock C, Songvilay M, Gehring PM, Xu G, Roessli B. Broadband critical dynamics in disordered lead-based perovskites. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:374012. [PMID: 32252031 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab86ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Materials based on the cubic perovskite unit cell continue to provide the basis for technologically important materials with two notable recent examples being lead-based relaxor piezoelectrics and lead-based organic-inorganic halide photovoltaics. These materials carry considerable disorder, arising from site substitution in relaxors and molecular vibrations in the organic-inorganics, yet much of our understanding of these systems derives from the initial classic work of Prof. Roger A Cowley, who applied both theory and neutron scattering methods while at Chalk River Laboratories to the study of lattice vibrations in SrTiO3. Neutron scattering continues to play a vital role in characterizing lattice vibrations in perovskites owing to the simple cross section and the wide range of energy resolutions achievable with current neutron instrumentation. We discuss the dynamics that drive the phase transitions in the relaxors and organic-inorganic lead-halides in terms of neutron scattering and compare them to those in phase transitions associated with a 'central peak' and also a soft mode. We review some of the past experimental work on these materials and present new data from high-resolution time-of-flight backscattering spectroscopy taken on organic-inorganic perovskites. We will show that the structural transitions in disordered lead-based perovskites are driven by a broad frequency band of excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stock
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - M Songvilay
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - P M Gehring
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899, United States of America
| | - Guangyong Xu
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899, United States of America
| | - B Roessli
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging (LNS), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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35
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Aebli M, Benin BM, McCall KM, Morad V, Thöny D, Grützmacher H, Kovalenko MV. White CsPbBr
3
: Characterizing the One‐Dimensional Cesium Lead Bromide Polymorph. Helv Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Aebli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Bogdan M. Benin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Kyle M. McCall
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Viktoriia Morad
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Debora Thöny
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
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36
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Non-Fullerene Small Molecule Electron-Transporting Materials for Efficient p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061082. [PMID: 32486471 PMCID: PMC7353412 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
PC61BM is commonly used in perovskite solar cells (PSC) as the electron transport material (ETM). However, PC61BM film has various disadvantages, such as its low coverage or the many pinholes that appear due to its aggregation behavior. These faults may lead to undesirable direct contact between the metal cathode and perovskite film, which could result in charge recombination at the perovskite/metal interface. In order to overcome this problem, three alternative non-fullerene electron materials were applied to inverted PSCs; they were evaluated on suitability as electron transport layers. The roles and effects of these non-fullerene ETMs on device performance were studied using photoluminescence (PL) measurements, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), internal resistance in PSC measurements, and conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM). It was found that one of the tested materials, IT-4f, showed excellent electron extraction ability and was associated with reduced recombination. The PSC with IT-4f as the ETM produced better cell-performance; it had an average PCE of 11.21%, which makes it better than the ITIC and COi8DFIC-based devices. Finally, IT-4f was compared with PC61BM; it was found that the two materials have quite comparable efficiency and stability levels.
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37
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Lamichhane A, Ravindra NM. Energy Gap-Refractive Index Relations in Perovskites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E1917. [PMID: 32325802 PMCID: PMC7215549 DOI: 10.3390/ma13081917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the energy gap-refractive index relations of perovskites are examined in detail. In general, the properties of perovskites are dependent on the structural reorganization and covalent nature of their octahedral cages. Based on this notion, a simple relation governing the energy gap and the refractive index is proposed for perovskites. The results obtained with this relation are in good accord with the literature values and are consistent with some well-established relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneer Lamichhane
- Interdisciplinary Program in Materials Science & Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA;
- Department of Physics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Nuggehalli M. Ravindra
- Interdisciplinary Program in Materials Science & Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA;
- Department of Physics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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38
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Rameez M, Shahbazi S, Raghunath P, Lin MC, Hung CH, Diau EWG. Development of Novel Mixed Halide/Superhalide Tin-Based Perovskites for Mesoscopic Carbon-Based Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2443-2448. [PMID: 32160751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tin perovskites suffer from poor stability and a self-doping effect. To solve this problem, we synthesized novel tin perovskites based on superhalide with varied ratios of tetrafluoroborate to iodide and implemented them into solar cells based on a mesoscopic carbon-electrode architecture because film formation was an issue in applying this material for a planar heterojunction device structure. We undertook quantum-chemical calculations based on plane-wave density functional theory (DFT) methods and explored the structural and electronic properties of tin perovskites FASnI3-x(BF4)x in the series x = 0, 1, 2, and 3. We found that only the x = 2 case, FASnI(BF4)2, was successfully produced, beyond the standard FASnI3. The electrochemical impedance and X-ray photoelectron spectra indicate that the addition of tin tetrafluoroborate instead of SnI2 suppressed trap-assisted recombination by decreasing the Sn4+ content. The power conversion efficiency of the FASnI(BF4)2 device with FAI and Sn(BF4)2 in an equimolar ratio improved 72% relative to that of a standard FASnI3 solar cell, with satisfactory photostability under ambient air conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rameez
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST), Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Saeed Shahbazi
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST), Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Putikam Raghunath
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ming Chang Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chen Hsiung Hung
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Eric Wei-Guang Diau
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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39
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Al Mogren MM, Ahmed NM, Hasanein AA. Molecular modeling and photovoltaic applications of porphyrin-based dyes: A review. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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40
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Elshorbagy MH, López-Fraguas E, Chaudhry FA, Sánchez-Pena JM, Vergaz R, García-Cámara B. A monolithic nanostructured-perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell: feasibility of light management through geometry and materials selection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2271. [PMID: 32041982 PMCID: PMC7010828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of several layers of different materials, taking advantage of their complementary bandgap energies, improves the absorption in multi-junction solar cells. Unfortunately, the inherent efficiency increment of this strategy has a limitation: each interface introduces optical losses. In this paper, we study the effects of materials and geometry in the optical performance of a nanostructured hybrid perovskite - silicon tandem solar cell. Our proposed design increases the performance of both subcells by managing light towards the active layer, as well as by minimizing reflections losses in the interfaces. We sweep both refractive index and thickness of the transport layers and the dielectric spacer composing the metasurface, obtaining a range of these parameters for the proper operation of the device. Using these values, we obtain a reduction in the optical losses, in particular they are more than a 33% lower than those of a planar cell, mainly due to a reduction of the reflectivity in the device. This approach leads to an enhancement in the optical response, widens the possibilities for the manufacturers to use different materials, and allows wide geometrical tolerances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud H Elshorbagy
- GDAF-UC3M, Department Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Avda. Universidad, 30. Leganés, Madrid, Spain
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, 61519, El-Minya, Egypt
| | - Eduardo López-Fraguas
- GDAF-UC3M, Department Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Avda. Universidad, 30. Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fateh A Chaudhry
- GDAF-UC3M, Department Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Avda. Universidad, 30. Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Sánchez-Pena
- GDAF-UC3M, Department Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Avda. Universidad, 30. Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Vergaz
- GDAF-UC3M, Department Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Avda. Universidad, 30. Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Braulio García-Cámara
- GDAF-UC3M, Department Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Avda. Universidad, 30. Leganés, Madrid, Spain.
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Sinha S, Zhu T, France-Lanord A, Sheng Y, Grossman JC, Porfyrakis K, Warner JH. Atomic structure and defect dynamics of monolayer lead iodide nanodisks with epitaxial alignment on graphene. Nat Commun 2020; 11:823. [PMID: 32041958 PMCID: PMC7010709 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead Iodide (PbI2) is a large bandgap 2D layered material that has potential for semiconductor applications. However, atomic level study of PbI2 monolayer has been limited due to challenges in obtaining thin crystals. Here, we use liquid exfoliation to produce monolayer PbI2 nanodisks (30-40 nm in diameter and > 99% monolayer purity) and deposit them onto suspended graphene supports to enable atomic structure study of PbI2. Strong epitaxial alignment of PbI2 monolayers with the underlying graphene lattice occurs, leading to a phase shift from the 1 T to 1 H structure to increase the level of commensuration in the two lattice spacings. The fundamental point vacancy and nanopore structures in PbI2 monolayers are directly imaged, showing rapid vacancy migration and self-healing. These results provide a detailed insight into the atomic structure of monolayer PbI2, and the impact of the strong van der Waals interaction with graphene, which has importance for future applications in optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Sinha
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Taishan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Arthur France-Lanord
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yuewen Sheng
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kyriakos Porfyrakis
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 204 Dean Keeton Street, Austin, 78712, USA.
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Shinozaki K, Kawano N. Rapid Synthesis of Quantum-Sized Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Nanocrystals in Glass. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1237. [PMID: 31988378 PMCID: PMC6985175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A bulk sample of an organic–inorganic (OI) perovskite crystal of (C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbBr4 with a layered structure showing excellent luminescent properties was rapidly synthesised. The raw materials of OI crystal were impregnated into nanoporous glass having 4-nm pores and dried, obtaining a translucent sample of OI nanocrystals in glass (OIiG). An absorbance shoulder was observed at E = 3.04 eV for OIiG, which was attributed to exciton bands, and photoluminescence (PL) duration times of τ1 = 2.8 ns and τ2 = 8.6 ns were recorded for OIiG. In contrast, for a single-crystal sample, E = 2.94 eV, τ1 = 4.1 ns, τ2 = 11.0 ns. Compared to those of the single-crystal sample, the OIiG has a higher absorbance energy, and the duration time was shorter. The exciton activation energy was 195 meV for OIiG, in contrast with 121 meV for single crystal. We propose that these changes are due to the size effect because the particle size (3–4 nm in diameter) in the OIiG is close to the Bohr radius of layer-structured OI crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Shinozaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan.
| | - Naoki Kawano
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, 1-1 Tegata Gakuenmachi, Akita-shi, Akita, 010-8502, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Şahin
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Dilek Kilinç
- Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Sabit Horoz
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
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Vickers ET, Xu K, Li X, Zhang JZ. Dependence of stability and electronic and optical properties of perovskite quantum dots on capping ligand chain length. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:034701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5133803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Thomas Vickers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueming Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
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Computational Screening of New Perovskite Materials Using Transfer Learning and Deep Learning. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9245510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most studied materials, perovskites exhibit a wealth of superior properties that lead to diverse applications. Computational prediction of novel stable perovskite structures has big potential in the discovery of new materials for solar panels, superconductors, thermal electric, and catalytic materials, etc. By addressing one of the key obstacles of machine learning based materials discovery, the lack of sufficient training data, this paper proposes a transfer learning based approach that exploits the high accuracy of the machine learning model trained with physics-informed structural and elemental descriptors. This gradient boosting regressor model (the transfer learning model) allows us to predict the formation energy with sufficient precision of a large number of materials of which only the structural information is available. The enlarged training set is then used to train a convolutional neural network model (the screening model) with the generic Magpie elemental features with high prediction power. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superior performance of our transfer learning model and screening model compared to the baseline models. We then applied the screening model to filter out promising new perovskite materials out of 21,316 hypothetical perovskite structures with a large portion of them confirmed by existing literature.
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Safari Z, Zarandi MB, Giuri A, Bisconti F, Carallo S, Listorti A, Esposito Corcione C, Nateghi MR, Rizzo A, Colella S. Optimizing the Interface between Hole Transporting Material and Nanocomposite for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1627. [PMID: 31744047 PMCID: PMC6915573 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The performances of organometallic halide perovskite-based solar cells severely depend on the device architecture and the interface between each layer included in the device stack. In particular, the interface between the charge transporting layer and the perovskite film is crucial, since it represents both the substrate where the perovskite polycrystalline film grows, thus directly influencing the active layer morphology, and an important site for electrical charge extraction and/or recombination. Here, we focus on engineering the interface between a perovskite-polymer nanocomposite, recently developed by our group, and different commonly employed polymeric hole transporters, namely PEDOT: PSS [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)], PEDOT, PTAA [poly(bis 4-phenyl}{2,4,6-trimethylphenyl}amine)], Poly-TPD [Poly(N,N'-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)-benzidine] Poly-TPD, in inverted planar perovskite solar cell architecture. The results show that when Poly-TPD is used as the hole transfer material, perovskite film morphology improved, suggesting an improvement in the interface between Poly-TPD and perovskite active layer. We additionally investigate the effect of the Molecular Weight (MW) of Poly-TPD on the performance of perovskite solar cells. By increasing the MW, the photovoltaic performances of the cells are enhanced, reaching power conversion efficiency as high as 16.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Safari
- Department of Physics, Yazd University, P.O. Box 89195-741, Yazd 89195-741, Iran; (Z.S.); (M.B.Z.)
| | - Mahmood Borhani Zarandi
- Department of Physics, Yazd University, P.O. Box 89195-741, Yazd 89195-741, Iran; (Z.S.); (M.B.Z.)
| | - Antonella Giuri
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Innovazione, Università del Salento, via per Monteroni, km 1, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Francesco Bisconti
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia CNR-Nanotec, Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Sonia Carallo
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia CNR-Nanotec, Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Andrea Listorti
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia CNR-Nanotec, Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Carola Esposito Corcione
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Innovazione, Università del Salento, via per Monteroni, km 1, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Mohamad Reza Nateghi
- Department of Chemistry, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd 8915 813135, Iran;
| | - Aurora Rizzo
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia CNR-Nanotec, Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvia Colella
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia CNR-Nanotec, Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
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Ciccioli A, Panetta R, Luongo A, Brunetti B, Vecchio Ciprioti S, Mele ML, Latini A. Stabilizing lead halide perovskites with quaternary ammonium cations: the case of tetramethylammonium lead iodide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:24768-24777. [PMID: 31686067 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04051j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organoammonium lead halide perovskites, especially methylammonium lead iodide CH3NH3PbI3, are promising photovoltaic materials, but they are far from commercial applications due in particular to their thermal instability and moisture sensitivity. Here, we present a multitechnique study aimed at investigating the kinetic and thermodynamic stability of the simplest quaternary ammonium lead iodide, tetramethylammonium lead iodide N(CH3)4PbI3. The kinetics of thermal decomposition was studied by X-ray powder diffraction of samples treated in air at different temperatures combined with Rietveld quantitative phase analysis, and by the isoconversional analysis of differential thermal analysis measurements. Evidence for first order kinetics was obtained, with an activation energy of 280-290 kJ mol-1, suggesting that the breaking of the C-N bond is the rate determining step. The composition of the gas phase released under heating was investigated by Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry, giving evidence for the occurrence of the process N(CH3)4PbI3(s) = PbI2(s) + N(CH3)3(g) + CH3I(g), consistent with the kinetic results. Decomposition pressures and thermodynamic properties were derived by Knudsen effusion mass loss experiments, obtaining values of 391.5 ± 2.0 kJ mol-1 and -577.4 ± 4.0 kJ mol-1 for the decomposition and formation enthalpies at 298 K, respectively. The reactivity towards water of N(CH3)4PbI3 was checked by XRD after total and prolonged immersion in water at room temperature. Overall, N(CH3)4PbI3 was found to be thermally much more stable than CH3NH3PbI3, both kinetically and thermodynamically, and much less prone to water-induced degradation, suggesting that the use of a quaternary ammonium cation may be an effective strategy in order to produce more stable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ciccioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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Nguyen TP, Nguyen DLT, Nguyen VH, Le TH, Vo DVN, Ly QV, Kim SY, Le QV. Recent Progress in Carbon-Based Buffer Layers for Polymer Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1858. [PMID: 31717989 PMCID: PMC6918399 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based materials are promising candidates as charge transport layers in various optoelectronic devices and have been applied to enhance the performance and stability of such devices. In this paper, we provide an overview of the most contemporary strategies that use carbon-based materials including graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, carbon quantum dots, and graphitic carbon nitride as buffer layers in polymer solar cells (PSCs). The crucial parameters that regulate the performance of carbon-based buffer layers are highlighted and discussed in detail. Furthermore, the performances of recently developed carbon-based materials as hole and electron transport layers in PSCs compared with those of commercially available hole/electron transport layers are evaluated. Finally, we elaborate on the remaining challenges and future directions for the development of carbon-based buffer layers to achieve high-efficiency and high-stability PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang Phan Nguyen
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Dang Le Tri Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam; (D.L.T.N.); (Q.V.L.)
| | - Van-Huy Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications, Lac Hong University, Bien Hoa 810000, Vietnam;
| | - Thu-Ha Le
- Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University–Ho Chi Minh City (VNU–HCM), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam;
| | - Dai-Viet N. Vo
- Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Vietnam;
| | - Quang Viet Ly
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam; (D.L.T.N.); (Q.V.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam; (D.L.T.N.); (Q.V.L.)
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Assirey EAR. Perovskite synthesis, properties and their related biochemical and industrial application. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:817-829. [PMID: 31516324 PMCID: PMC6733782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The perovskite structure is shown to be the single most versatile ceramic host. Inorganic perovskite type oxides are attractive compounds for varied applications due to its large number of compounds, they exhibit both physical and biochemical characteristics and their Nano-formulation have been utilized as catalysts in many reaction due to their sensitivity, unique long-term stability and anti-interference ability. Some perovskites materials are very hopeful applicants for the improvement of effective anodic catalysts performance. Depending Perovskite-phase metal oxides distinct variety of properties they became useful for various applications they are newly used in electrochemical sensing of alcohols, glucose, hydrogen peroxide, gases, and neurotransmitters. Perovskite organometallic halide showed efficient essential properties for photovoltaic solar cells. This review presents a full coverage of the structure, progress of perovskites and their related applications. Stress is focused particularly to different methods of perovskites properties and there related application.
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