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Li J, Nie Z, Hu J, Wang L, Song C, Xu D, Gao J, Xu P, Xu G. Geographical traceability of flavor compounds in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis): Implications for quality differentiation, authenticity assessment, and mechanism research. Food Chem 2024; 451:139429. [PMID: 38670016 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Geographical traceability plays a crucial role in ensuring quality assurance, brand establishment, and the sustainable development of the crab industry. In this study, we examined the possibility of using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry with multivariate statistical authenticity analysis to identify the origin of crabs from five sites downstream of the Yangtze River. Significant variations were observed in the levels of alcoholic flavor compounds in the hepatopancreas and muscles of crabs from different geographical locations, and a support vector machine exhibited discriminant ability with 100% accuracy. These flavor variations exhibited significant correlations with the types and concentrations of elements within the crabs, as well as with free amino acids. This study offers a practical approach for determining the geographical traceability of Chinese mitten crabs and elucidates the role of elements in flavor modulation, thereby providing innovative strategies to enhance the efficiency of crab farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Zhijuan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jiawen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Lanmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Chao Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Dongpo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jiangcao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.
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2
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Olsen T, Vinknes KJ, Barvíková K, Stolt E, Lee-Ødegård S, Troensegaard H, Johannessen H, Elshorbagy A, Sokolová J, Krijt J, Křížková M, Ditrói T, Nagy P, Øvrebø B, Refsum H, Thoresen M, Retterstøl K, Kožich V. Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction in humans with overweight and obesity: Evidence of an altered plasma and urine sulfurome, and a novel metabolic signature that correlates with loss of fat mass and adipose tissue gene expression. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103192. [PMID: 38776754 PMCID: PMC11163171 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In animals, dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health, possibly mediated by altering sulfur amino acid metabolism and enhanced anti-obesogenic processes in adipose tissue. AIM To assess the effects of SAAR over time on the plasma and urine SAA-related metabolites (sulfurome) in humans with overweight and obesity, and explore whether such changes were associated with body weight, body fat and adipose tissue gene expression. METHODS Fifty-nine subjects were randomly allocated to SAAR (∼2 g SAA, n = 31) or a control diet (∼5.6 g SAA, n = 28) consisting of plant-based whole-foods and supplemented with capsules to titrate contents of SAA. Sulfurome metabolites in plasma and urine at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks were measured using HPLC and LC-MS/MS. mRNA-sequencing of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) was performed to assess changes in gene expression. Data were analyzed with mixed model regression. Principal component analyses (PCA) were performed on the sulfurome data to identify potential signatures characterizing the response to SAAR. RESULTS SAAR led to marked decrease of the main urinary excretion product sulfate (p < 0.001) and plasma and/or 24-h urine concentrations of cystathionine, sulfite, thiosulfate, H2S, hypotaurine and taurine. PCA revealed a distinct metabolic signature related to decreased transsulfuration and H2S catabolism that predicted greater weight loss and android fat mass loss in SAAR vs. controls (all pinteraction < 0.05). This signature correlated positively with scWAT expression of genes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, electron transport and β-oxidation (FDR = 0.02). CONCLUSION SAAR leads to distinct alterations of the plasma and urine sulfurome in humans, and predicted increased loss of weight and android fat mass, and adipose tissue lipolytic gene expression in scWAT. Our data suggest that SAA are linked to obesogenic processes and that SAAR may be useful for obesity and related disorders. TRIAL IDENTIFIER: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04701346.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Postboks 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Postboks 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristýna Barvíková
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, and General University Hospital, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Emma Stolt
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Postboks 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sindre Lee-Ødegård
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Postboks 4959 Nydalen, OUS HF Aker sykehus, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hannibal Troensegaard
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Postboks 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Johannessen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postboks 45980 Nydalen, OUS HF Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Amany Elshorbagy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Chamblion street, Qesm Al Attarin, Alexandria 5372066, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Jitka Sokolová
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, and General University Hospital, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Krijt
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, and General University Hospital, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Křížková
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, and General University Hospital, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tamás Ditrói
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Ráth György u. 7-9, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Ráth György u. 7-9, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Anatomy and Histology, HUN-REN-UVMB Laboratory of Redox Biology Research Group, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; Chemistry Institute, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bente Øvrebø
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Postboks 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Department of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Postboks 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Postboks 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Magne Thoresen
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1122 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Postboks 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4959 Nydalen, OUS HF Aker sykehus, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Viktor Kožich
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, and General University Hospital, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Bråtveit M, Van Parys A, Olsen T, Strand E, Marienborg I, Laupsa-Borge J, Haugsgjerd TR, McCann A, Dhar I, Ueland PM, Dierkes J, Dankel SN, Nygård OK, Lysne V. Association between dietary macronutrient composition and plasma one-carbon metabolites and B-vitamin cofactors in patients with stable angina pectoris. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1678-1690. [PMID: 38361451 PMCID: PMC11063666 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Elevated plasma concentrations of several one-carbon metabolites are associated with increased CVD risk. Both diet-induced regulation and dietary content of one-carbon metabolites can influence circulating concentrations of these markers. We cross-sectionally analysed 1928 patients with suspected stable angina pectoris (geometric mean age 61), representing elevated CVD risk, to assess associations between dietary macronutrient composition (FFQ) and plasma one-carbon metabolites and related B-vitamin status markers (GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS or microbiological assay). Diet-metabolite associations were modelled on the continuous scale, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol and total energy intake. Average (geometric mean (95 % prediction interval)) intake was forty-nine (38, 63) energy percent (E%) from carbohydrate, thirty-one (22, 45) E% from fat and seventeen (12, 22) E% from protein. The strongest associations were seen for higher protein intake, i.e. with higher plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) (% change (95 % CI) 3·1 (2·1, 4·1)), cobalamin (2·9 (2·1, 3·7)), riboflavin (2·4 (1·1, 3·7)) and folate (2·1 (1·2, 3·1)) and lower total homocysteine (tHcy) (-1·4 (-1·9, -0·9)) and methylmalonic acid (MMA) (-1·4 (-2·0, -0·8)). Substitution analyses replacing MUFA or PUFA with SFA demonstrated higher plasma concentrations of riboflavin (5·0 (0·9, 9·3) and 3·3 (1·1, 5·6)), tHcy (2·3 (0·7, 3·8) and 1·3 (0·5, 2·2)) and MMA (2·0 (0·2, 3·9) and 1·7 (0·7, 2·7)) and lower PLP (-2·5 (-5·3, 0·3) and -2·7 (-4·2, -1·2)). In conclusion, a higher protein intake and replacing saturated with MUFA and PUFA were associated with a more favourable metabolic phenotype regarding metabolites associated with CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Bråtveit
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anthea Van Parys
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Strand
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Marienborg
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Johnny Laupsa-Borge
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Indu Dhar
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jutta Dierkes
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simon Nitter Dankel
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar Kjell Nygård
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vegard Lysne
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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4
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Olsen T, Stolt E, Øvrebø B, Elshorbagy A, Tore EC, Lee-Ødegård S, Troensegaard H, Johannessen H, Doeland B, Vo AAD, Dahl AF, Svendsen K, Thoresen M, Refsum H, Rising R, Barvíková K, van Greevenbroek M, Kožich V, Retterstøl K, Vinknes KJ. Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction in humans with overweight and obesity: a translational randomized controlled trial. J Transl Med 2024; 22:40. [PMID: 38195568 PMCID: PMC10775517 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04833-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health in animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary SAAR on body weight, body composition, resting metabolic rate, gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue (WAT), and an extensive blood biomarker profile in humans with overweight or obesity. METHODS N = 59 participants with overweight or obesity (73% women) were randomized stratified by sex to an 8-week plant-based dietary intervention low (~ 2 g/day, SAAR) or high (~ 5.6 g/day, control group) in sulfur amino acids. The diets were provided in full to the participants, and both investigators and participants were blinded to the intervention. Outcome analyses were performed using linear mixed model regression adjusted for baseline values of the outcome and sex. RESULTS SAAR led to a ~ 20% greater weight loss compared to controls (β 95% CI - 1.14 (- 2.04, - 0.25) kg, p = 0.013). Despite greater weight loss, resting metabolic rate remained similar between groups. Furthermore, SAAR decreased serum leptin, and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. In WAT, 20 genes were upregulated whereas 24 genes were downregulated (FDR < 5%) in the SAAR group compared to controls. Generally applicable gene set enrichment analyses revealed that processes associated with ribosomes were upregulated, whereas processes related to structural components were downregulated. CONCLUSION Our study shows that SAAR leads to greater weight loss, decreased leptin and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. Further research on SAAR is needed to investigate the therapeutic potential for metabolic conditions in humans. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04701346, registered Jan 8th 2021, https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/study/NCT04701346.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Emma Stolt
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Øvrebø
- Department of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amany Elshorbagy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elena C Tore
- Department of Internal Medicine and CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sindre Lee-Ødegård
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hannibal Troensegaard
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Johannessen
- Department of Paedriatic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beate Doeland
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna A D Vo
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja F Dahl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magne Thoresen
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Kristýna Barvíková
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marleen van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine and CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Viktor Kožich
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Vinknes KJ, Olsen T, Zaré HK, Bastani NE, Stolt E, Dahl AF, Cox RD, Refsum H, Retterstøl K, Åsberg A, Elshorbagy A. Cysteine-lowering treatment with mesna against obesity: Proof of concept and results from a human phase I, dose-finding study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:3161-3170. [PMID: 37435697 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether mesna-sodium-2-mercaptoethane sulfonate) can reduce diet-induced fat gain in mice, and to assess the safety of single ascending mesna doses in humans to find the dose associated with lowering of plasma tCys by at least 30%. METHODS C3H/HeH mice were shifted to a high-fat diet ± mesna in drinking water; body composition was measured at weeks 0, 2 and 4. In an open, phase I, single ascending dose study, oral mesna (400, 800, 1200, 1600 mg) was administered to 17 men with overweight or obesity. Mesna and tCys concentrations were measured repeatedly for a duration of 48 hours postdosing in plasma, as well as in 24-hour urine. RESULTS Compared with controls, mesna-treated mice had lower tCys and lower estimated mean fat mass gain from baseline (week 2: 4.54 ± 0.40 vs. 6.52 ± 0.36 g; week 4: 6.95 ± 0.35 vs. 8.19 ± 0.34 g; Poverall = .002), but similar lean mass gain. In men with overweight, mesna doses of 400-1600 mg showed dose linearity and were well tolerated. Mesna doses of 800 mg or higher decreased plasma tCys by 30% or more at nadir (4h post-dosing). With increasing mesna dose, tCys AUC0-12h decreased (Ptrend < .001), and urine tCys excretion increased (Ptrend = .004). CONCLUSIONS Mesna reduces diet-induced fat gain in mice. In men with overweight, single oral doses of mesna (800-1600 mg) were well tolerated and lowered plasma tCys efficiently. The effect of sustained tCys-lowering by repeated mesna administration on weight loss in humans deserves investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emma Stolt
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja F Dahl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roger D Cox
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Åsberg
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amany Elshorbagy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Jena A, Montoya CA, Fraser K, Giezenaar C, Young W, Mullaney JA, Dilger RN, Roy D, McNabb WC, Roy NC. Metabolite profiling of peripheral blood plasma in pigs in early postnatal life fed whole bovine, caprine or ovine milk. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1242301. [PMID: 37823089 PMCID: PMC10564076 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1242301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminants' milk is commonly used for supplying nutrients to infants when breast milk is unavailable or limited. Previous studies have highlighted the differences between ruminants' milk composition, digestion, absorption, and fermentation. However, whether consuming different ruminants' milk impact the appearance of the circulatory blood metabolites in the early postnatal life is not well understood. The analysis conducted here aimed to determine the effect of feeding exclusively whole milk from bovine, caprine or ovine species to pigs, approximately 7 days-old for 15 days, on circulatory blood plasma metabolites. Relative intensities of plasma metabolites were detected using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomic approach. Seven polar and 83 non-polar (lipids) metabolites in plasma were significantly different (false discovery rate < 0.05) between milk treatments. These included polar metabolites involved in amino acid metabolism and lipids belonging to phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and triglycerides. Compared to the caprine or bovine milk group, the relative intensities of polar metabolites and unsaturated triglycerides were higher in the peripheral circulation of the ovine milk group. In contrast, relative intensities of saturated triglycerides and phosphatidylcholine were higher in the bovine milk group compared to the ovine or caprine milk group. In addition, correlations were identified between amino acid and lipid intake and their appearance in peripheral blood circulation. The results highlighted that consuming different ruminants' milk influences the plasma appearance of metabolites, especially lipids, that may contribute to early postnatal life development in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Jena
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Carlos A. Montoya
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Karl Fraser
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caroline Giezenaar
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Food Experience and Sensory Testing (FEAST) Laboratory, School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane A. Mullaney
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ryan N. Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Debashree Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Warren C. McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C. Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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7
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Tene ST, Adebo OA, Ndinteh DT, Olusegun Obilana A, Foffe HAK, Kenfack JO, Kamdem MHK, Klang JM, Womeni HM. Effect of variety and malting conditions on proteolytic activity, free amino nitrogen, and soluble protein contents of two maize varieties ( Atp-Y and Coca-sr): amylolytic activity and physico-chemical and functional properties of optimal sample. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1163915. [PMID: 37609486 PMCID: PMC10440425 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1163915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The utilization of sprouted meals in beer production and enhancing the physicochemical properties of supplementary foods is widespread in Africa. This work aimed to determine the influence of soaking, germination, maturation and variety conditions on the physicochemical properties, proteolytic activity, free amino nitrogen (FAN) and soluble protein contents of Coca-sr and Atp-Y maize varieties. Methods To achieve this, the central composite design (CCD) was used for the optimization of five parameters, namely soaking time (18-42 h), plant salt concentration (0.5-1.2%), soaking temperature (25-41°C), sprouting time (80-195 h) and ripening time (17.50-42 h), and following dependent variables were investigated: proteolytic activity, FAN content and soluble protein. Optimal samples flours obtained were then subsequently subjected to physicochemical and functional analysis. Results The analysis of results showed that the linear, interactive and quadratic effects of the factors significantly (p<0.05) affected the proteolytic activity, FAN and soluble protein contents of both varieties. The direction of each factor's variation and its effects were not similar in the two varieties. The optimal malting conditions were 7.31 h soaking with 1.678% vegetable salt at a temperature of 34.65°C followed by sprouting for 245.59 h and maturation for 0.765 h for the Atp-Y variety. For the Coca-sr variety, it requires 1.608 h of soaking with 1.678% vegetable salt at a temperature of 51.93°C followed by 273.94 h and 58.73 h for sprouting and ripening time respectively. The meals of Coca-sr produces using these optimal conditions showed a significantly (p<0.05) higher proteolytic activity, FAN and soluble protein content. The amylolytic activity was more pronounced in the Atp-Y variety, as was the content of essential amino acids. The above optimal conditions reduced the content of anti-nutrients (phytates, saponins, oxalates, condensed and hydrolysable tannins), improved the availability of minerals (Ca and Mg), reduced the pH, mass density, water retention capacity and swelling rate. Conclusion As a result, the optimal flours of these two maize varieties could be applied in the formulation of supplementary foods, bakery products and beer by industrialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephano Tambo Tene
- Research Unit of Biochemistry of Medicinal Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Derek Tantoh Ndinteh
- Centre for Natural Products Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Anthony Olusegun Obilana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Hermann Arantes Kohole Foffe
- Research Unit of Biochemistry of Medicinal Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Justine Odelonne Kenfack
- Research Unit of Biochemistry of Medicinal Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Michael Hermann Kengne Kamdem
- Centre for Natural Products Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Julie Mathilde Klang
- Research Unit of Biochemistry of Medicinal Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Hilaire Macaire Womeni
- Research Unit of Biochemistry of Medicinal Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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8
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Tore EC, Eussen SJPM, Bastani NE, Dagnelie PC, Elshorbagy AK, Grootswagers P, Kožich V, Olsen T, Refsum H, Retterstøl K, Stehouwer CDA, Stolt ETK, Vinknes KJ, van Greevenbroek MMJ. The Associations of Habitual Intake of Sulfur Amino Acids, Proteins and Diet Quality with Plasma Sulfur Amino Acid Concentrations: The Maastricht Study. J Nutr 2023; 153:2027-2040. [PMID: 37164267 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma sulfur amino acids (SAAs), i.e., methionine, total cysteine (tCys), total homocysteine (tHcy), cystathionine, total glutathione (tGSH), and taurine, are potential risk factors for obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. However, except for plasma tHcy, little is known about how dietary intake modifies plasma SAA concentrations. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the intake of SAAs and proteins or diet quality is associated with plasma SAAs. METHODS Data from a cross-sectional subset of The Maastricht Study (n = 1145, 50.5% men, 61 interquartile range: [55, 66] y, 22.5% with prediabetes and 34.3% with type 2 diabetes) were investigated. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The intake of SAAs (total, methionine, and cysteine) and proteins (total, animal, and plant) was estimated from the Dutch and Danish food composition tables. Diet quality was assessed using the Dutch Healthy Diet Index, the Mediterranean Diet Score, and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score. Fasting plasma SAAs were measured by liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS) (LC/MS-MS). Associations were investigated with multiple linear regressions with tertiles of dietary intake measures (main exposures) and z-standardized plasma SAAs (outcomes). RESULTS Intake of total SAAs and total proteins was positively associated with plasma tCys and cystathionine. Associations were stronger in women and in those with normal body weight. Higher intake of cysteine and plant proteins was associated with lower plasma tHcy and higher cystathionine. Higher methionine intake was associated with lower plasma tGSH, whereas cysteine intake was positively associated with tGSH. Higher intake of methionine and animal proteins was associated with higher plasma taurine. Better diet quality was consistently related to lower plasma tHcy concentrations, but it was not associated with the other SAAs. CONCLUSION Targeted dietary modifications might be effective in modifying plasma concentrations of tCys, tHcy, and cystathionine, which have been associated with obesity and cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena C Tore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Simone J P M Eussen
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pieter C Dagnelie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Amany K Elshorbagy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Pol Grootswagers
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Viktor Kožich
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine, and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Coen DA Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Emma T K Stolt
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marleen M J van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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9
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Elshorbagy A, Bastani NE, Lee-Ødegård S, Øvrebø B, Haj-Yasein N, Svendsen K, Turner C, Refsum H, Vinknes KJ, Olsen T. The association of fasting plasma thiol fractions with body fat compartments, biomarker profile, and adipose tissue gene expression. Amino Acids 2023; 55:313-323. [PMID: 36542145 PMCID: PMC10038976 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
People with high plasma total cysteine (tCys) have higher fat mass and higher concentrations of the atherogenic apolipoprotein B (apoB). The disulfide form, cystine, enhanced human adipogenesis and correlated with total fat mass in a Middle-Eastern cohort. In 35 European adults with overweight (88.6% women) and with dual-X-ray absorptiometry measurements of regional fat, we investigated how cystine compared to other free disulfides in their association with total regional adiposity, plasma lipid and glucose biomarkers, and adipose tissue lipid enzyme mRNA (n = 19). Most total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) (78%) was protein-bound; 63% of total glutathione (tGSH) was reduced. tCys was 49% protein-bound, 30% mixed-disulfide, 15% cystine, and 6% reduced. Controlling for age and lean mass, cystine and total free cysteine were the fractions most strongly associated with android and total fat: 1% higher cystine predicted 1.97% higher android fat mass (95% CI 0.64, 3.31) and 1.25% (0.65, 2.98) higher total fat mass (both p = 0.005). A positive association between tCys and apoB (β: 0.64%; 95% CI 0.17, 1.12%, p = 0.009) was apparently driven by free cysteine and cystine; cystine was also inversely associated with the HDL-associated apolipoprotein A1 (β: -0.57%; 95% CI -0.96, -0.17%, p = 0.007). No independent positive associations with adiposity were noted for tGSH or tHcy fractions. Plasma cystine correlated with CPT1a mRNA (Spearman's r = 0.68, p = 0.001). In conclusion, plasma cystine-but not homocysteine or glutathione disulfides-is associated with android adiposity and an atherogenic plasma apolipoprotein profile. The role of cystine in human adiposity and cardiometabolic risk deserves investigation. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT02647970 and NCT03629392.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Elshorbagy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sindre Lee-Ødegård
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Øvrebø
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadia Haj-Yasein
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
- The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cheryl Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway.
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Wu G, Xu J, Wang Q, Fang Z, Fang Y, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Cheng X, Sun J, Le G. Methionine-Restricted Diet: A Feasible Strategy Against Chronic or Aging-Related Diseases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5-19. [PMID: 36571820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction (MR) has been associated with multifaceted health-promoting effects. MR is conducive to prevention of several chronic diseases and cancer, and extension of lifespan. A growing number of studies on new phenotypes and mechanisms of MR have become available in the past five years, especially in angiogenesis, neurodegenerative diseases, intestinal microbiota, and intestinal barrier function. In this review, we summarize the characteristics and advantages of MR, and current knowledge on the physiological responses and effects of MR on chronic diseases and aging-associated pathologies. Potential mechanisms, in which hydrogen sulfide, fibroblast growth factor 21, gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and so on are involved, are discussed. Moreover, directions for epigenetics and gut microbiota in an MR diet are presented in future perspectives. This review comprehensively summarizes the novel roles and interpretations of the mechanisms underlying MR in the prevention of chronic diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Wu
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jingxuan Xu
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Qiyao Wang
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Ziyang Fang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yucheng Fang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xiangrong Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Guowei Le
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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11
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Richie JP, Sinha R, Dong Z, Nichenametla SN, Ables GP, Ciccarella A, Sinha I, Calcagnotto AM, Chinchilli VM, Reinhart L, Orentreich D. Dietary Methionine and Total Sulfur Amino Acid Restriction in Healthy Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:111-123. [PMID: 36806866 PMCID: PMC10782544 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dietary restriction of methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys) delays the aging process and aging-related diseases, improves glucose and fat metabolism and reduces oxidative stress in numerous laboratory animal models. Little is known regarding the effects of sulfur amino acid restriction in humans. Thus, our objectives were to determine the impact of feeding diets restricted in Met alone (MetR) or in both Met and Cys (total sulfur amino acids, SAAR) to healthy adults on relevant biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk. DESIGN A controlled feeding study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We included 20 healthy adults (11 females/9 males) assigned to MetR or SAAR diet groups consisting of three 4-wk feeding periods: Control period; low level restriction period (70% MetR or 50% SAAR); and high level restriction period (90% MetR or 65% SAAR) separated by 3-4-wk washout periods. RESULTS No adverse effects were associated with either diet and level of restriction and compliance was high in all subjects. SAAR was associated with significant reductions in body weight and plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL, uric acid, leptin, and insulin, BUN, and IGF-1, and increases in body temperature and plasma FGF-21 after 4 weeks (P<0.05). Fewer changes occurred with MetR including significant reductions in BUN, uric acid and 8-isoprostane and an increase in FGF-21 after 4 weeks (P<0.05). In the 65% SAAR group, plasma Met and Cys levels were significantly reduced by 15% and 13% respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that many of the short-term beneficial effects of SAAR observed in animal models are translatable to humans and support further clinical development of this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA
| | - Raghu Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA
| | - Zhen Dong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA
- Current address: Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Animal Science Laboratory, Cold Spring-on-Hudson, NY
| | - Sailendra N. Nichenametla
- Current address: Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Animal Science Laboratory, Cold Spring-on-Hudson, NY
| | - Gene P. Ables
- Current address: Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Animal Science Laboratory, Cold Spring-on-Hudson, NY
| | - Amy Ciccarella
- Center for Clinical Research, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
| | - Indu Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA
| | - Ana M. Calcagnotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA
| | - Vernon M. Chinchilli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA
| | - Lisa Reinhart
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA
| | - David Orentreich
- Current address: Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Animal Science Laboratory, Cold Spring-on-Hudson, NY
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12
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Nichenametla SN, Mattocks DAL, Cooke D, Midya V, Malloy VL, Mansilla W, Øvrebø B, Turner C, Bastani N, Sokolová J, Pavlíková M, Richie JP, Shoveller A, Refsum H, Olsen T, Vinknes KJ, Kožich V, Ables GP. Cysteine restriction-specific effects of sulfur amino acid restriction on lipid metabolism. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13739. [PMID: 36403077 PMCID: PMC9741510 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreasing the dietary intake of methionine exerts robust anti-adiposity effects in rodents but modest effects in humans. Since cysteine can be synthesized from methionine, animal diets are formulated by decreasing methionine and eliminating cysteine. Such diets exert both methionine restriction (MR) and cysteine restriction (CR), that is, sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR). Contrarily, SAAR diets formulated for human consumption included cysteine, and thus might have exerted only MR. Epidemiological studies positively correlate body adiposity with plasma cysteine but not methionine, suggesting that CR, but not MR, is responsible for the anti-adiposity effects of SAAR. Whether this is true, and, if so, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Using methionine- and cysteine-titrated diets, we demonstrate that the anti-adiposity effects of SAAR are due to CR. Data indicate that CR increases serinogenesis (serine biosynthesis from non-glucose substrates) by diverting substrates from glyceroneogenesis, which is essential for fatty acid reesterification and triglyceride synthesis. Molecular data suggest that CR depletes hepatic glutathione and induces Nrf2 and its downstream targets Phgdh (the serine biosynthetic enzyme) and Pepck-M. In mice, the magnitude of SAAR-induced changes in molecular markers depended on dietary fat concentration (60% fat >10% fat), sex (males > females), and age-at-onset (young > adult). Our findings are translationally relevant as we found negative and positive correlations of plasma serine and cysteine, respectively, with triglycerides and metabolic syndrome criteria in a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Controlled feeding of low-SAA, high-polyunsaturated fatty acid diets increased plasma serine in humans. Serinogenesis might be a target for treating hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailendra N. Nichenametla
- Animal Science LaboratoryOrentreich Foundation for the Advancement of ScienceCold Spring‐on‐HudsonNew YorkUSA
| | - Dwight A. L. Mattocks
- Animal Science LaboratoryOrentreich Foundation for the Advancement of ScienceCold Spring‐on‐HudsonNew YorkUSA
| | - Diana Cooke
- Animal Science LaboratoryOrentreich Foundation for the Advancement of ScienceCold Spring‐on‐HudsonNew YorkUSA
| | - Vishal Midya
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public HealthIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Virginia L. Malloy
- Animal Science LaboratoryOrentreich Foundation for the Advancement of ScienceCold Spring‐on‐HudsonNew YorkUSA
| | - Wilfredo Mansilla
- Department of Animal BioscienceUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Bente Øvrebø
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Cheryl Turner
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Nasser E. Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Jitka Sokolová
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, General University Hospital in PragueCharles University‐First Faculty of MedicinePragueCzech Republic
| | - Markéta Pavlíková
- Department of Probability and Mathematical StatisticsCharles University ‐ Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsPragueCzech Republic
| | - John P. Richie
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and PharmacologyPenn State University College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Anna K. Shoveller
- Department of Animal BioscienceUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Department of PharmacologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Kathrine J. Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Viktor Kožich
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, General University Hospital in PragueCharles University‐First Faculty of MedicinePragueCzech Republic
| | - Gene P. Ables
- Animal Science LaboratoryOrentreich Foundation for the Advancement of ScienceCold Spring‐on‐HudsonNew YorkUSA
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Zhang Y, Jelleschitz J, Grune T, Chen W, Zhao Y, Jia M, Wang Y, Liu Z, Höhn A. Methionine restriction - Association with redox homeostasis and implications on aging and diseases. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102464. [PMID: 36152485 PMCID: PMC9508608 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine is an essential amino acid, involved in the promotion of growth, immunity, and regulation of energy metabolism. Over the decades, research has long focused on the beneficial effects of methionine supplementation, while data on positive effects of methionine restriction (MR) were first published in 1993. MR is a low-methionine dietary intervention that has been reported to ameliorate aging and aging-related health concomitants and diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cognitive disorders. In addition, MR seems to be an approach to prolong lifespan which has been validated extensively in various animal models, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, yeast, and murine models. MR appears to be associated with a reduction in oxidative stress via so far mainly undiscovered mechanisms, and these changes in redox status appear to be one of the underlying mechanisms for lifespan extension and beneficial health effects. In the present review, the association of methionine metabolism pathways with redox homeostasis is described. In addition, the effects of MR on lifespan, age-related implications, comorbidities, and diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Julia Jelleschitz
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany; NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany; Institute of Nutrition, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Weixuan Chen
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yihang Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mengzhen Jia
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Annika Höhn
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany.
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Dong Z, Richie JP, Gao X, Al-Shaar L, Nichenametla SN, Shen B, Orentreich D. Cumulative Consumption of Sulfur Amino Acids and Risk of Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Nutr 2022; 152:2419-2428. [PMID: 36774108 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies have suggested that consumption of sulfur amino acids (SAAs), including methionine and cysteine, is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans and with T2D-related biomarkers in animals. But whether higher long-term SAA intake increases the risk of T2D in humans remains unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the association between long-term dietary SAA intake and risk of T2D. METHODS We analyzed data collected from 2 different cohorts of the Framingham Heart Study, a long-term, prospective, and ongoing study. The Offspring cohort (1991-2014) included participants from fifth through ninth examinations, and the Third-Generation cohort (2002-2011) included participants from first and second examinations. After excluding participants with a clinical history of diabetes, missing dietary data, or implausible total energy intake, 3222 participants in the Offspring cohort and 3205 participants in the Third-Generation cohort were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated FFQ. The relations between energy-adjusted total SAA (methionine and cysteine) intake or individual SAA intake (in quintiles) and risk of incident T2D were estimated via Cox proportional hazards models after adjusting for dietary and nondietary risk factors. Associations across the 2 cohorts were determined by direct combination and meta-analysis. RESULTS During the 23 y of follow-up, 472 participants reported a new diagnosis of T2D in the 2 cohorts. In the meta-analysis, the HRs of T2D comparing the highest with the lowest intake of total SAAs, methionine, and cysteine were 1.8 (95% CI: 1.3, 2.5), 1.7 (95% CI: 1.2, 2.3), and 1.4 (95% CI: 1.0, 2.1), respectively. The association of SAA intake with T2D was attenuated after adjusting animal protein intake in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that excess intake of SAAs is associated with higher risk of T2D. Dietary patterns that are low in SAAs could help in preventing T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dong
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc, Cold Spring, NY, USA.
| | - John P Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Laila Al-Shaar
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Biyi Shen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David Orentreich
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc, Cold Spring, NY, USA
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15
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Observational and clinical evidence that plant-based nutrition reduces dietary acid load. J Nutr Sci 2022; 11:e93. [PMID: 36405093 PMCID: PMC9641522 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary diets in Western countries are largely acid-inducing and deficient in potassium alkali salts, resulting in low-grade metabolic acidosis. The chronic consumption of acidogenic diets abundant in animal-based foods (meats, dairy, cheese and eggs) poses a substantial challenge to the human body's buffering capacities and chronic retention of acid wherein the progressive loss of bicarbonate stores can cause cellular and tissue damage. An elevated dietary acid load (DAL) has been associated with systemic inflammation and other adverse metabolic conditions. In this narrative review, we examine DAL quantification methods and index observational and clinical evidence on the role of plant-based diets, chiefly vegetarian and vegan, in reducing DAL. Quantitation of protein and amino acid composition and of intake of alkalising organic potassium salts and magnesium show that plant-based diets are most effective at reducing DAL. Results from clinical studies and recommendations in the form of expert committee opinions suggest that for a number of common illnesses, wherein metabolic acidosis is a contributing factor, the regular inclusion of plant-based foods offers measurable benefits for disease prevention and management. Based on available evidence, dietary shifts toward plant-based nutrition effectively reduces dietary-induced, low-grade metabolic acidosis.
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16
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Plummer JD, Johnson JE. Intermittent methionine restriction reduces IGF-1 levels and produces similar healthspan benefits to continuous methionine restriction. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13629. [PMID: 35570387 PMCID: PMC9197402 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A sustained state of methionine restriction (MR) dramatically extends the healthspan of several model organisms. For example, continuously methionine‐restricted rodents have less age‐related pathology and are up to 45% longer‐lived than controls. Promisingly, MR is feasible for humans, and studies have suggested that methionine‐restricted individuals may receive similar benefits to rodents. However, long‐term adherence to a methionine‐restricted diet is likely to be challenging for many individuals. Prompted by this, and the fact that intermittent variants of other healthspan‐extending interventions (i.e., intermittent fasting and the cyclic ketogenic diet) are just as effective, if not more, than their continuous counterparts, we hypothesized that an intermittent form of MR might produce similar healthspan benefits to continuous MR. Accordingly, we developed two increasingly stringent forms of intermittent MR (IMR) and assessed whether mice maintained on these diets demonstrate the beneficial metabolic changes typically observed for continuous MR. To the best of our knowledge, we show for the first time that IMR produces similar beneficial metabolic effects to continuous MR, including improved glucose homeostasis and protection against diet‐induced obesity and hepatosteatosis. In addition, like continuous MR, IMR confers beneficial changes in the plasma levels of the hormones IGF‐1, FGF‐21, leptin, and adiponectin. Together, our findings demonstrate that the more practicable intermittent form of MR produces similar healthspan benefits to continuous MR, and thus may represent a more appealing alternative to the classical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D. Plummer
- Department of Biology Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science Cold Spring New York USA
| | - Jay E. Johnson
- Department of Biology Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science Cold Spring New York USA
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17
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Hjorth M, Galigniana NM, Ween O, Ulven SM, Holven KB, Dalen KT, Sæther T. Postprandial Effects of Salmon Fishmeal and Whey on Metabolic Markers in Serum and Gene Expression in Liver Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:1593. [PMID: 35458155 PMCID: PMC9027870 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish is considered an important part of a healthy diet, in part due to the content of long chain omega-3 fatty acids. However, both lean and fatty fish have beneficial health effects, suggesting that micronutrients and proteins may play a role. In a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial, five healthy male participants consumed 5.2 g of protein from either salmon fishmeal or whey. Blood samples were taken before and 30 and 60 min after intake. The concentration of glucose, lipids, hormones and metabolites, including 28 different amino acids and derivatives, were measured in serum or plasma. Cultured HepG2 cells were incubated with or without serum from the participants, and transcriptomic profiling was performed using RNA sequencing. The ingestion of both salmon fishmeal and whey reduced the glucose and triglyceride levels in serum. Protein intake, independent of the source, increased the concentration of 22 amino acids and derivatives in serum. Fishmeal increased the concentration of arginine, methionine, serine, glycine, cystathionine and 2-aminobutyric acid more than whey did. Incubation with postprandial serum resulted in large transcriptomic alterations in serum-fasted HepG2 cells, with the differential expression of >4500 protein coding genes. However, when comparing cells cultivated in fasting serum to postprandial serum after the ingestion of fishmeal and whey, we did not detect any differentially regulated genes, neither with respect to the protein source nor with respect to the time after the meal. The comparable nutrigenomic effects of fishmeal and whey do not change the relevance of fish by-products as an alternative food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (M.H.); (S.M.U.); (K.B.H.); (K.T.D.)
| | - Natalia M. Galigniana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Ola Ween
- Møreforskning AS, Borgundvegen 340, 6009 Ålesund, Norway;
| | - Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (M.H.); (S.M.U.); (K.B.H.); (K.T.D.)
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (M.H.); (S.M.U.); (K.B.H.); (K.T.D.)
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4959, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Tomas Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (M.H.); (S.M.U.); (K.B.H.); (K.T.D.)
| | - Thomas Sæther
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
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18
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Krijt J, Sokolová J, Šilhavý J, Mlejnek P, Kubovčiak J, Liška F, Malínská H, Hüttl M, Marková I, Křížková M, Stipanuk MH, Křížek T, Ditroi T, Nagy P, Kožich V, Pravenec M. High cysteine diet reduces insulin resistance in SHR-CRP rats. Physiol Res 2021; 70:687-700. [PMID: 34505526 PMCID: PMC8820534 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased plasma total cysteine (tCys) has been associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome in human and some animal studies but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the effects of high cysteine diet administered to SHR-CRP transgenic rats, a model of metabolic syndrome and inflammation. SHR-CRP rats were fed either standard (3.2 g cystine/kg diet) or high cysteine diet (HCD, enriched with additional 4 g L-cysteine/kg diet). After 4 weeks, urine, plasma and tissue samples were collected and parameters of metabolic syndrome, sulfur metabolites and hepatic gene expression were evaluated. Rats on HCD exhibited similar body weights and weights of fat depots, reduced levels of serum insulin, and reduced oxidative stress in the liver. The HCD did not change concentrations of tCys in tissues and body fluids while taurine in tissues and body fluids, and urinary sulfate were significantly increased. In contrast, betaine levels were significantly reduced possibly compensating for taurine elevation. In summary, increased Cys intake did not induce obesity while it ameliorated insulin resistance in the SHR-CRP rats, possibly due to beneficial effects of accumulating taurine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Krijt
- Laboratory of Genetics of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 4, Czech Republic. and Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Praha 2, Czech Republic.
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19
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No effect of salmon fish protein on 2-h glucose in adults with increased risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1304-1313. [PMID: 33413727 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The association between fish consumption and decreased risk of CVD is well documented. However, studies on health effects of fish consumption suggest that other components than n-3 PUFA have beneficial cardiometabolic effects, including effects on glucose metabolism. The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of salmon fish protein on cardiometabolic risk markers in a double-blind, randomised controlled parallel trial. We hypothesised that daily intake of a salmon fish protein supplement for 8 weeks would improve glucose tolerance in persons with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our primary outcome measure was serum glucose (s-glucose) 2 h after a standardised oral glucose tolerance test. In total, eighty-eight adults with elevated s-glucose levels were randomised to 7·5 g of salmon fish protein/d or placebo, and seventy-four participants were included in the analysis. We found no significant effect of salmon fish protein supplementation on our primary outcome or other markers related to glucose tolerance, serum lipids, weight or blood pressure compared with placebo. The present study does not support the hypothesis that daily intake of a salmon fish protein supplement for 8 weeks improves glucose tolerance in persons with increased risk of T2DM.
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20
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Odukoya JO, Odukoya JO, Mmutlane EM, Ndinteh DT. Phytochemicals and Amino Acids Profiles of Selected sub-Saharan African Medicinal Plants' Parts Used for Cardiovascular Diseases' Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1367. [PMID: 34575444 PMCID: PMC8472700 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For years, the focus on the lipid-atherosclerosis relationship has limited the consideration of the possible contribution of other key dietary components, such as amino acids (AAs), to cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. Notwithstanding, the potential of plant-based diets, some AAs and phytochemicals to reduce CVDs' risk has been reported. Therefore, in this study, the phytochemical and AA profiles of different medicinal plants' (MPs) parts used for CVDs' treatment in sub-Saharan Africa were investigated. Fourier-transform infrared analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyl, amino and other bioactive compounds' functional groups in the samples. In most of them, glutamic and aspartic acids were the most abundant AAs, while lysine was the most limiting. P. biglobosa leaf, had the richest total branched-chain AAs (BCAAs) level, followed by A. cepa bulb. However, A. cepa bulb had the highest total AAs content and an encouraging nutraceutical use for adults based on its amino acid score. Principal component analysis revealed no sharp distinction between the AAs composition of MPs that have found food applications and those only used medicinally. Overall, the presence of medicinally important phytochemicals and AAs levels in the selected MPs' parts support their use for CVDs treatment as they might not add to the AAs (e.g., the BCAAs) burden in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnson Oluwaseun Odukoya
- Centre for Natural Products Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
- Department of Chemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure PMB 704, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Julianah Olayemi Odukoya
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kwara State University, Malete, Ilorin PMB 1530, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Edwin Mpoh Mmutlane
- Centre for Natural Products Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
| | - Derek Tantoh Ndinteh
- Centre for Natural Products Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
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21
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Alshahawy R, Habachi NE, Allam E, Jernerén F, Refsum H, Elshorbagy A. Changes in plasma fatty acids and related biomarkers during transition to an exclusively plant- and fish-based diet in healthy adults. Nutrition 2021; 90:111306. [PMID: 34166896 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the time scale of plasma fatty acid changes during transition to an exclusively plant- and fish-based diet in healthy individuals and determine whether there are associated alterations in arachidonic acid (ARA)-derived inflammatory mediators, estimated stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) activity, and blood pressure. METHODS In pursuit of a religious fast, 36 adults abstained from eating poultry, meat, dairy products, and eggs, while increasing fish intake for 6 wk. Participants were assessed 1 wk before (W0) and 1 (W1) and 6 (W6) weeks after the diet change. RESULTS By W6, fasting plasma long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LC-PUFAs); docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) had increased (+67% and +73%, respectively; P ≤ 0.001), with early rise of DHA (+22%), but not EPA at W1.The ω-3 index (sum of DHA and EPA as a percent of total fatty acids) increased from 2.1% to 3.4%. ARA decreased progressively (W1, -9%; W6, -16%; P < 0.001). ARA precursors γ-linolenic and dihomo-γ-linolenic acids also decreased, without changes in the ARA-derived mediators prostaglandin-E2 and leukotriene-B4. Myristic acid decreased at W1 (-37%) and W6 (-40%). There was no consistent change in SCD indices. At W6, systolic and diastolic blood pressure had declined by 8 and 5 mm Hg, respectively (P ≤ 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Shifting to a plant- and fish-based diet produces rapid and sustained increases in ω-3 LC-PUFAs and decreases the ω-6 PUFA ARA and its precursors, consistent with a cardio-protective profile. The rapid response suggests that these biomarkers may be useful for assessment of diet interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Alshahawy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kafr-Elshikh, Kafr-Elshikh, Egypt.
| | - Nihal El Habachi
- Alexandria Clinical Research Center, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman Allam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Fredrik Jernerén
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amany Elshorbagy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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22
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Stolt E, Olsen T, Elshorbagy A, Kožich V, van Greevenbroek M, Øvrebø B, Thoresen M, Refsum H, Retterstøl K, Vinknes KJ. Sulfur amino acid restriction, energy metabolism and obesity: a study protocol of an 8-week randomized controlled dietary intervention with whole foods and amino acid supplements. J Transl Med 2021; 19:153. [PMID: 33858441 PMCID: PMC8051033 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary sulfur amino acid (SAA) restriction is an established animal model for increasing lifespan and improving metabolic health. Data from human studies are limited. In the study outlined in this protocol, we will evaluate if dietary SAA restriction can reduce body weight and improve resting energy expenditure (REE) and parameters related to metabolic health. Method/design Men and women (calculated sample size = 60), aged 18–45 years, with body mass index of 27–35 kg/m2 will be included in a double-blind 8-week dietary intervention study. The participants will be randomized in a 1:1 manner to a diet with either low or high SAA. Both groups will receive an equal base diet consisting of low-SAA plant-based whole foods and an amino acid supplement free of SAA. Contrasting SAA contents will be achieved using capsules with or without methionine and cysteine (SAAhigh, total diet SAA ~ 50–60 mg/kg body weight/day; SAAlow, total diet SAA ~ 15–25 mg/kg body weight/day). The primary outcome is body weight change. Data and material collection will also include body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry), resting energy expenditure (whole-room indirect calorimetry) and samples of blood, urine, feces and adipose tissue at baseline, at 4 weeks and at study completion. Measures will be taken to promote and monitor diet adherence. Data will be analyzed using linear mixed model regression to account for the repeated measures design and within-subject correlation. Discussion The strength of this study is the randomized double-blind design. A limitation is the restrictive nature of the diet which may lead to poor compliance. If this study reveals a beneficial effect of the SAAlow diet on body composition and metabolic health, it opens up for new strategies for prevention and treatment of overweight, obesity and its associated disorders. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04701346, Registration date: January 8th, 2021 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02824-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Stolt
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Amany Elshorbagy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Viktor Kožich
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marleen van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine and CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bente Øvrebø
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Magne Thoresen
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway.,The Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
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23
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Wild LE, Alderete TL, Naik NC, Patterson WB, Berger PK, Jones RB, Plows JF, Goran MI. Specific amino acids but not total protein attenuate postpartum weight gain among Hispanic women from Southern California. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1842-1850. [PMID: 33841803 PMCID: PMC8020954 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in the United States, particularly among Hispanic women, which may be partly explained by failure to lose gestational weight during the postpartum period. Previous work indicates that protein and amino acids may protect against weight gain; therefore, this study examined the impact of dietary protein and amino acid intake on changes in postpartum weight and the percent of women meeting the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for these dietary variables among Hispanic women from the Southern California Mother's Milk Study (n = 99). Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to examine the associations between protein and amino acid intake with change in weight after adjusting for maternal age, height, and energy intake. Women's weight increased from prepregnancy to 1-month and 6-months postpartum (71.1 ± 14.6 vs. 73.1 ± 13.1 vs. 74.5 ± 14.6 kg, p < .0001). Although dietary protein was not associated with weight change (β = -1.09; p = .13), phenylalanine (β = -1.46; p = .04), tryptophan (β = -1.71; p = .009), valine (β = -1.34; p = .04), isoleucine (β = -1.26; p = .045), and cysteine (β = -1.52; p = .02) intake were inversely associated with weight change. Additionally, fewer women met the EAR values for cysteine (11.1%), phenylalanine (60.6%), and methionine (69.7%), whereas most women met the EAR values for tryptophan (92.9%), valine (96.0%), and isoleucine (94.9%). Study results indicate that several essential and conditionally essential amino acids were associated with postpartum weight loss, with a significant portion of women not meeting recommended intake levels for some of these amino acids. These results highlight the importance of postpartum maternal diet as a potential modifiable risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Wild
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Tanya L. Alderete
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Noopur C. Naik
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | | | - Paige K. Berger
- Department of PediatricsThe Saban Research InstituteChildren's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Roshonda B. Jones
- Department of PediatricsThe Saban Research InstituteChildren's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Jasmine F. Plows
- Department of PediatricsThe Saban Research InstituteChildren's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Michael I. Goran
- Department of PediatricsThe Saban Research InstituteChildren's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
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24
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Olsen T, Øvrebø B, Turner C, Bastani NE, Refsum H, Vinknes KJ. Effects of short-term methionine and cysteine restriction and enrichment with polyunsaturated fatty acids on oral glucose tolerance, plasma amino acids, fatty acids, lactate and pyruvate: results from a pilot study. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:43. [PMID: 33531059 PMCID: PMC7852127 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In this 7-day pilot study we randomized healthy, normal-weight men and women to either a dietary intervention with methionine and cysteine restriction enriched in PUFA (Met/Cyslow + PUFA, n = 7) or with high contents of methionine, cysteine and SFA (Met/Cyshigh + SFA, n = 7). The objective was to describe the short-term responses in oral glucose tolerance, amino acid profile, total fatty acid profile, pyruvate and lactate following a Met/Cyslow + PUFA diet vs. Met/Cyshigh + SFA. Results The diet groups consisted of five women and two men, aged 20–38 years. After the 7-d intervention median pre- and post-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose concentrations were 5 mmol/L and 4 mmol/L respectively in the Met/Cyslow + PUFA group. In the Met/Cyshigh + SFA group, median pre- and post-OGTT glucose concentrations were 4.8 mmol/L and 4.65 mmol/L after the 7-d intervention. The responses in the amino acid profiles were similar in both groups during the intervention with the exception of serine. Fatty acids decreased from baseline to day 7 in both groups. Plasma lactate and pyruvate were similar for both groups with an increase to day 3 before approaching baseline values at day 7. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02647970, registration date: January 6th 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Biosciences, Domus Medica, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bente Øvrebø
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Biosciences, Domus Medica, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, 4604, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Cheryl Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Biosciences, Domus Medica, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Biosciences, Domus Medica, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Biosciences, Domus Medica, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
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25
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Olsen T, Sollie O, Nurk E, Turner C, Jernerén F, Ivy JL, Vinknes KJ, Clauss M, Refsum H, Jensen J. Exhaustive Exercise and Post-exercise Protein Plus Carbohydrate Supplementation Affect Plasma and Urine Concentrations of Sulfur Amino Acids, the Ratio of Methionine to Homocysteine and Glutathione in Elite Male Cyclists. Front Physiol 2021; 11:609335. [PMID: 33384615 PMCID: PMC7769812 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.609335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma and tissue sulfur amino acid (SAA) availability are crucial for intracellular methylation reactions and cellular antioxidant defense, which are important processes during exercise and in recovery. In this randomized, controlled crossover trial among eight elite male cyclists, we explored the effect of exhaustive exercise and post-exercise supplementation with carbohydrates and protein (CHO+PROT) vs. carbohydrates (CHO) on plasma and urine SAAs, a potential new marker of methylation capacity (methionine/total homocysteine ratio [Met/tHcy]) and related metabolites. The purpose of the study was to further explore the role of SAAs in exercise and recovery. Athletes cycled to exhaustion and consumed supplements immediately after and in 30 min intervals for 120 min post-exercise. After ~18 h recovery, performance was tested in a time trial in which the CHO+PROT group cycled 8.5% faster compared to the CHO group (41:53 ± 1:51 vs. 45:26 ± 1:32 min, p < 0.05). Plasma methionine decreased by ~23% during exhaustive exercise. Two h post-exercise, further decline in methionine had occured by ~55% in the CHO group vs. ~33% in the CHO+PROT group (pgroup × time < 0.001). The Met/tHcy ratio decreased by ~33% during exhaustive exercise, and by ~54% in the CHO group vs. ~27% in the CHO+PROT group (pgroup × time < 0.001) post-exercise. Plasma cystathionine increased by ~72% in the CHO group and ~282% in the CHO+PROT group post-exercise (pgroup × time < 0.001). Plasma total cysteine, taurine and total glutathione increased by 12% (p = 0.03), 85% (p < 0.001) and 17% (p = 0.02), respectively during exhaustive exercise. Using publicly available transcriptomic data, we report upregulated transcript levels of skeletal muscle SLC7A5 (log2 fold-change: 0.45, FDR:1.8e−07) and MAT2A (log2 fold-change: 0.38, FDR: 3.4e−0.7) after acute exercise. Our results show that exercise acutely lowers plasma methionine and the Met/tHcy ratio. This response was attenuated in the CHO+PROT compared to the CHO group in the early recovery phase potentially affecting methylation capacity and contributing to improved recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ove Sollie
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eha Nurk
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,National Institute of Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Cheryl Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fredrik Jernerén
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John L Ivy
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Matthieu Clauss
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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26
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Stanisic D, Jovanovic M, George AK, Homme RP, Tyagi N, Singh M, Tyagi SC. Gut microbiota and the periodontal disease: role of hyperhomocysteinemia. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:9-17. [PMID: 32706987 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is one of the most common conditions resulting from poor oral hygiene and is characterized by a destructive process in the periodontium that essentially includes gingiva, alveolar mucosa, cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Notably, the destructive event in the alveolar bone has been linked to homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism; however, it has not been fully investigated. Therefore; the implication of Hcy towards initiation, progression, and maintenance of the periodontal disease remains incompletely understood. Higher levels of Hcy (also known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)) exerts deleterious effects on gum health and teeth in distinct ways. Firstly, increased production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 leads to an inflammatory cascade of events that affect methionine (Met) and Hcy metabolism (i.e., 1-carbon metabolism) leading to HHcy. Secondly, metabolic dysregulation during chronic medical conditions increases systemic inflammation leading to a decrease in vitamins, more specifically B6, B12, and folic acid, that play important roles as cofactors in Hcy metabolism. Also, given the folate level in the HHcy state that is important during dysbiosis, these two conditions appear to be intimately related, and in this context, HHcy-induced dysbiosis may be one of the potential causes of periodontal disease. This paper sums up the link between periodontitis and HHcy, with a special emphasis on the "oral-gut microbiome axis" and the potential probiotic intervention towards warding off some of the serious periodontal disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Stanisic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milica Jovanovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Akash K George
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Rubens P Homme
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Abstract
Dietary proteins have been used for years to treat obesity. Body weight loss is beneficial when it concerns fat mass, but loss of fat free mass - especially muscle might be detrimental. This occurs because protein breakdown predominates over synthesis, thus administering anabolic dietary compounds like proteins might counter fat free mass loss while allowing for fat mass loss.Indeed, varying the quantity of proteins will decrease muscle anabolic response and increase hyperphagia in rodents fed a low protein diet; but it will favor lean mass maintenance and promote satiety, in certain age groups of humans fed a high protein diet. Beyond protein quantity, protein source is an important metabolic regulator: whey protein and plant based diets exercize favorable effects on the risk of developing obesity, body composition, metabolic parameters or fat free mass preservation of obese patients. Specific amino-acids like branched chain amino acids (BCAA), methionine, tryptophan and its metabolites, and glutamate can also positively influence parameters and complications of obesity especially in rodent models, with less studies translating this in humans.Tuning the quality and quantity of proteins or even specific amino-acids can thus be seen as a potential therapeutic intervention on the body composition, metabolic syndrome parameters and appetite regulation of obese patients. Since these effects vary across age groups and much of the data comes from murine models, long-term prospective studies modulating proteins and amino acids in the human diet are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Simonson
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, CRNH Auvergne, INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, CRNH Auvergne, INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Christelle Guillet
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, CRNH Auvergne, INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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28
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Olsen T, Turner C, Øvrebø B, Bastani NE, Refsum H, Vinknes KJ. Postprandial effects of a meal low in sulfur amino acids and high in polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to a meal high in sulfur amino acids and saturated fatty acids on stearoyl CoA-desaturase indices and plasma sulfur amino acids: a pilot study. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:379. [PMID: 32778150 PMCID: PMC7419218 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05222-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The sulfur amino acid (SAA) cysteine is positively related, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are inversely related to activity of the lipogenic enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD). High SCD activity promotes obesity in animals, and plasma activity indices positively associates with fat mass in humans. SCD may thus be a target for dietary intervention with SAA restriction and PUFA enrichment with unknown potential benefits for body composition. We randomized ten healthy individuals to a meal restricted in SAAs and enriched with PUFAs (Cys/Metlow + PUFA) (n = 5) or a meal enriched in SAA and saturated fatty acids (Cys/Methigh + SFA) (n = 5). We measured plasma SCD activity indices (SCD16 and SCD18) and SAAs response hourly from baseline and up to 4 h postprandial. Results SCD16 was unchanged whereas SCD18 tended to increase in the Cys/Metlow + PUFA compared to the Cys/Methigh + SFA group (ptime*group interaction = 0.08). Plasma concentrations of total cysteine fractions including free and reduced cysteine decreased in the Cys/Metlow + PUFA compared to the Cys/Methigh + SFA group (both ptime*group interaction < 0.001). In conclusion, a meal low in SAA but high in PUFAs reduced plasma cysteine fractions but not SCD activity indices. This pilot study can be useful for the design and diet composition of future dietary interventions that targets SCD and SAA. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02647970, registration date: 6 January 2016
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Medical Biosciences, Domus Medica, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Cheryl Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Bente Øvrebø
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway.,Øvrebø Nutrition, 0550, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway
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29
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Elshorbagy AK, Graham I, Refsum H. Body mass index determines the response of plasma sulfur amino acids to methionine loading. Biochimie 2020; 173:107-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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30
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Effects of dietary amino acids in ameliorating intestinal function during enteric challenges in broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Olsen T, Øvrebø B, Haj-Yasein N, Lee S, Svendsen K, Hjorth M, Bastani NE, Norheim F, Drevon CA, Refsum H, Vinknes KJ. Effects of dietary methionine and cysteine restriction on plasma biomarkers, serum fibroblast growth factor 21, and adipose tissue gene expression in women with overweight or obesity: a double-blind randomized controlled pilot study. J Transl Med 2020; 18:122. [PMID: 32160926 PMCID: PMC7065370 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary restriction of methionine and cysteine is a well-described model that improves metabolic health in rodents. To investigate the translational potential in humans, we evaluated the effects of dietary methionine and cysteine restriction on cardiometabolic risk factors, plasma and urinary amino acid profile, serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression in women with overweight and obesity in a double-blind randomized controlled pilot study. Methods Twenty women with overweight or obesity were allocated to a diet low (Met/Cys-low, n = 7), medium (Met/Cys-medium, n = 7) or high (Met/Cys-high, n = 6) in methionine and cysteine for 7 days. The diets differed only by methionine and cysteine content. Blood and urine were collected at day 0, 1, 3 and 7 and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were taken at day 0 and 7. Results Plasma methionine and cystathionine and urinary total cysteine decreased, whereas FGF21 increased in the Met/Cys-low vs. Met/Cys-high group. The Met/Cys-low group had increased mRNA expression of lipogenic genes in adipose tissue including DGAT1. When we excluded one participant with high fasting insulin at baseline, the Met/Cys-low group showed increased expression of ACAC, DGAT1, and tendencies for increased expression of FASN and SCD1 compared to the Met/Cys-high group. The participants reported satisfactory compliance and that the diets were moderately easy to follow. Conclusions Our data suggest that dietary methionine and cysteine restriction may have beneficial effects on circulating biomarkers, including FGF21, and influence subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression. These results will aid in the design and implementation of future large-scale dietary interventions with methionine and cysteine restriction. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03629392, registration date: 14/08/2018 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03629392.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bente Øvrebø
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadia Haj-Yasein
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sindre Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, OUS HF Aker Sykehus, Postboks 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
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32
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RTB101 and immune function in the elderly: Interpreting an unsuccessful clinical trial. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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33
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Amino Acid Nutrition and Metabolism in Health and Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112623. [PMID: 31683948 PMCID: PMC6893825 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here an overview of the special issue "Amino acid nutrition and metabolism in health and disease" is given. In addition to several comprehensive and timely reviews, this issue had some original research contributions on fundamental research in animal models as well as human clinical trials exploring how the critical nutrients amino acids affect various traits.
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Jonsson WO, Margolies NS, Anthony TG. Dietary Sulfur Amino Acid Restriction and the Integrated Stress Response: Mechanistic Insights. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061349. [PMID: 31208042 PMCID: PMC6627990 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction, also referred to as methionine restriction, increases food intake and energy expenditure and alters body composition in rodents, resulting in improved metabolic health and a longer lifespan. Among the known nutrient-responsive signaling pathways, the evolutionary conserved integrated stress response (ISR) is a lesser-understood candidate in mediating the hormetic effects of dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR). A key feature of the ISR is the concept that a family of protein kinases phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2), dampening general protein synthesis to conserve cellular resources. This slowed translation simultaneously allows for preferential translation of genes with special sequence features in the 5' leader. Among this class of mRNAs is activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), an orchestrator of transcriptional control during nutrient stress. Several ATF4 gene targets help execute key processes affected by SAAR such as lipid metabolism, the transsulfuration pathway, and antioxidant defenses. Exploration of the canonical ISR demonstrates that eIF2 phosphorylation is not necessary for ATF4-driven changes in the transcriptome during SAAR. Additional research is needed to clarify the regulation of ATF4 and its gene targets during SAAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- William O Jonsson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Nicholas S Margolies
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Tracy G Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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35
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Gould RL, Pazdro R. Impact of Supplementary Amino Acids, Micronutrients, and Overall Diet on Glutathione Homeostasis. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1056. [PMID: 31083508 PMCID: PMC6566166 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a critical endogenous antioxidant found in all eukaryotic cells. Higher GSH concentrations protect against cellular damage, tissue degeneration, and disease progression in various models, so there is considerable interest in developing interventions that augment GSH biosynthesis. Oral GSH supplementation is not the most efficient option due to the enzymatic degradation of ingested GSH within the intestine by γ-glutamyltransferase, but supplementation of its component amino acids-cysteine, glycine, and glutamate-enhances tissue GSH synthesis. Furthermore, supplementation with some non-precursor amino acids and micronutrients appears to influence the redox status of GSH and related antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, lowering systemic oxidative stress and slowing the rate of tissue deterioration. In this review, the effects of oral supplementation of amino acids and micronutrients on GSH metabolism are evaluated. And since specific dietary patterns and diets are being prescribed as first-line therapeutics for conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, the impact of overall diets on GSH homeostasis is also assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Gould
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Robert Pazdro
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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36
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Lee S, Olsen T, Vinknes KJ, Refsum H, Gulseth HL, Birkeland KI, Drevon CA. Plasma Sulphur-Containing Amino Acids, Physical Exercise and Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight Dysglycemic and Normal Weight Normoglycemic Men. Nutrients 2018; 11:nu11010010. [PMID: 30577516 PMCID: PMC6356487 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma sulphur-containing amino acids and related metabolites are associated with insulin sensitivity, although the mechanisms are unclear. We examined the effect of exercise on this relationship. Dysglycemic (n = 13) and normoglycemic (n = 13) men underwent 45 min cycling before and after 12 weeks exercise intervention. We performed hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, mRNA-sequencing of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue biopsies, and targeted profiling of plasma metabolites by LC-MS/MS. Insulin sensitivity increased similarly in dysglycemic and normoglycemic men after 12 weeks of exercise, in parallel to similar increases in concentration of plasma glutamine, and decreased concentrations of plasma glutamate, cysteine, taurine, and glutathione. Change in plasma concentrations of cysteine and glutathione exhibited the strongest correlations to exercise-improved insulin sensitivity, and expression of a cluster of genes essential for oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism in both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, as well as mitochondria-related genes such as mitofilin. Forty-five min of cycling decreased plasma concentrations of glutamine and methionine, and increased plasma concentrations of glutamate, homocysteine, cystathionine, cysteine, glutathione, and taurine. Similar acute responses were seen in both groups before and after the 12 weeks training period. Both acute and long-term exercise may influence transsulphuration and glutathione biosynthesis, linking exercise-improved insulin sensitivity to oxidative stress and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindre Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital; 0586 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Hanne L Gulseth
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital; 0586 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health; 0473 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kåre I Birkeland
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital; 0586 Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo; 0450 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
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