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Dehghani F, Hajhashemy Z, Keshteli AH, Yazdannik A, Falahi E, Saneei P, Esmaillzadeh A. Nutrient patterns in relation to insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in Iranian women. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2857. [PMID: 38310135 PMCID: PMC10838277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Prior studies have mainly focused on the association of one specific nutrient with insulin resistance (IR) and endothelial dysfunction and limited studies have assessed the association with different nutrient patterns (NPs). We examined the association between various NPs and IR and endothelial dysfunction among Iranian women. This cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 368 female nurses. A 106-items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was applied for dietary assessments. Using factor analysis, the relationships between NPs and markers of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, and QUICKY), and endothelial dysfunction (E-selectin, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1) were assessed. Mean age and body mass index of participants were respectively 35.21 years and 24.04 kg/m2. Three major NPs were identified. NP1, named as "dairy, fruits, and vegetables" had high values of potassium, folate, vitamins A and C, magnesium, and beta carotene. No significant association was observed between this NP and insulin resistance or endothelial dysfunction indices. The second NP was full of chromium, selenium, copper, vitamin B6, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), thiamin, vitamin D, and iron. Adherence to NP2 (named "legumes, nuts, and protein foods") was associated with lower values of insulin (6.8 ± 1.1 versus 8.4 ± 1.1, P = 0.01), homeostasis model assessment-Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (1.3 ± 0.2 versus 1.7 ± 0.2, P = 0.02), and vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) (444.2 ± 27.9 versus 475.8 ± 28.4, P = 0.03). However, adherence to the third NP, rich in saturated fatty acid (SFA), cholesterol, sodium, zinc, vitamin E, and B12, described as "animal fat and meat + vitamin E", was associated with higher amounts of homeostasis model assessment-β (HOMA-β) (531.3 ± 176.2 versus 48.7 ± 179.8, P = 0.03). In conclusion, following the NP2, correlated with higher intakes of chromium, selenium, copper, vitamin B6, MUFA and thiamin was associated with lower values of insulin, HOMA-IR, and sVCAM-1. Adherence to NP3, rich in SFA, cholesterol, vitamin E, vitamin B12, and zinc was associated with higher levels of HOMA-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farimah Dehghani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajhashemy
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ahmadreza Yazdannik
- Department of Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Falahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mphasha MH, Skaal L, Mothibal T. Diet and exercise knowledge and practices for diabetes care within families in Senwabarwana. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2024; 66:e1-e8. [PMID: 38299525 PMCID: PMC10839224 DOI: 10.4102/safp.v66i1.5767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family members (FMs) are a valuable source of support, as the bulk of daily diabetes treatment occurs at home. Family members' insufficient understanding of patient support can lead to poor diabetes outcomes. Lack of knowledge about good diet and exercise can lead to unhealthy food preparation and sedentary lifestyles, affecting patients and increasing the risk of diabetes. This study aims to fill the gap in the level of knowledge of FMs relating to appropriate care for diabetic patients under their care. This will relate specifically to diet and exercise. METHODS A cross-sectional survey conducted in Senwabarwana, Limpopo province, involved 200 FMs caring for diabetic patients for at least 6 months. Their experience could offer valuable insights into the competence of their care. Data were collected regarding knowledge and practice using a close-ended questionnaire, with Likert scale responses and SPSS analysis, including descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests. Knowledge was assessed on a scale ranging from poor to excellent: poor (0% - 50%), fair (51% - 60%), good (61% - 74%) and excellent ( 75%). Practice was assessed as poor (0% - 50%), fair (51% - 69%) and good (70% - 100%). RESULTS Thirty-one percent of participants demonstrated excellent knowledge and only 9% demonstrated good practice. Unfortunately, 53% stated that obese patients with diabetes should skip meals to lose weight. Only 3.5% and 19%, respectively, are familiar with recommendations for exercise and glucose monitoring. Barely 35.5% of FMs eat breakfast every day, while 87.5% report exercising. CONCLUSION Few FMs possess excellent diabetes management knowledge but still indulge in bad practices, increasing their risk of developing diabetes. Additionally, they may potentially cause health problems for patients.Contribution: Family-centred behaviour change intervention is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabitsela H Mphasha
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Healthcare Sciences, University of Limpopo, Polokwane.
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Haramshahi M, A-Elgadir TME, Daabo HMA, Altinkaynak Y, Hjazi A, Saxena A, Najm MAA, Almulla AF, Alsaalamy A, Kashani MA. Nutrient patterns and risk of diabetes mellitus type 2: a case-control study. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:10. [PMID: 38229053 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Although the significance of diet in preventing or managing diabetes complications is highlighted in current literature, there is insufficient evidence regarding the correlation between nutrient patterns and these complications. The objective of this case-control study is to investigate this relationship by analyzing the dietary intake of nutrients in participants with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS A case-control study was conducted at the Tabriz Center of Metabolism and Endocrinology to investigate the relationship between nutrient patterns and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The study enrolled 225 newly diagnosed cases of T2D and 225 controls. The dietary intake of nutrients was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Principal component analysis using Varimax rotation was used to obtain nutrient patterns. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the risk of T2D. RESULTS The participants' mean (SD) age and BMI were 39.8 (8.8) years and 27.8 (3.6) kg/m2, respectively. The results identified three major nutrient patterns. The first nutrient pattern was characterized by high consumption of sucrose, animal protein, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B12, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and potassium. The second nutrient pattern included fiber, plant protein, vitamin D, Riboflavin, Vitamin B5, copper, and Magnesium. The third nutrient pattern was characterized by fiber, plant protein, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin C, calcium, and potassium. Individuals in the highest tertile of nutrient pattern 3 (NP3) had a lower risk of T2D compared to those in the lowest tertile after adjusting for confounders. The odds ratio was 0.52 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.30-0.89 and a P_trend of 0.039. CONCLUSION This study found that conforming to a nutrient pattern consisting of plant protein, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin B2, potassium, and calcium is linked to a lower likelihood of developing T2D.The initial results suggest that following a nutrient pattern that includes these nutrients may reduce the risk of T2D. However, further research is required to confirm the relationship between nutrient patterns and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Haramshahi
- Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Yahya Altinkaynak
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Archana Saxena
- Department of Management, Uttaranchal Institute of Management, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mazin A A Najm
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Abbas F Almulla
- College of technical engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsaalamy
- College of technical engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna, 66002, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Amin Kashani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Katimba HA, Wang R, Cheng C, Zhang Y, Lu W, Ma Y. Zinc Absorption & Homeostasis in the Human Body: A General Overview. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2195188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Mukoma G, Norris SA, Chikowore T. Nutrient Patterns and Body Mass Index: A Comparative Longitudinal Analysis in Urban Black South African Adolescents and Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051075. [PMID: 36904075 PMCID: PMC10004796 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We set out to evaluate the association between nutrient patterns and general adiposity in black South African adolescents and adults and to determine whether the interactions are longitudinally sustained over 24 months. METHODS Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to derive the nutrient patterns of 750 participants (250 adolescents between 13 and 17 years old and 500 adults who were 27 years or 45+ years old). PCA was applied to 25 nutrients, computed from the quantified food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ) over a 24 months period. RESULTS The nutrient patterns between adolescents and adults were similar over time; however, their associations with BMI were different. Among the adolescents, only the "plant-driven nutrients pattern" was significantly associated with a 0.56% (95% CI (0.33; 0.78); p < 0.001) increase in BMI. Among the adults, the "plant-driven nutrient pattern" (0.43% (95% CI (0.03; 0.85); p < 0.001) and the "fat-driven nutrients pattern" (0.18% (95% CI (0.06; 0.29); p < 0.001) were significantly associated with a BMI increase. Furthermore, the "plant-driven nutrient pattern", "fat-driven nutrient pattern" and the animal-driven nutrient pattern revealed sex differences in their association with BMI. CONCLUSION Urban adolescents and adults had consistent nutrient patterns, but their BMI relationships changed with age and gender, an important finding for future nutrition interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudani Mukoma
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 1862, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-799037819
| | - Shane A. Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 1862, South Africa
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Tinashe Chikowore
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 1862, South Africa
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Amini MR, Payandeh N, Sheikhhossein F, Alvani M, Talebyan A, Mohtashaminia F, Hekmatdoost A. The Effects of Capsinoids and Fermented Red Pepper Paste Supplementation on Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Nutr Res 2022; 11:302-315. [PMID: 36381475 PMCID: PMC9633970 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2022.11.4.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in order to investigate the effects of capsinoids and fermented red pepper paste (FRPP) supplementation on lipid profile. Relevant studies were identified by searches of five databases from inception to November 2021 using relevant keywords. All clinical trials investigating the effect of capsinoids and FRPP on total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were included. Out of 1,203 citations, eight trials that enrolled 393 participants were included. Capsinoids and FRPP resulted in a significant reduction in TC (weighted mean differences [WMD], -9.92 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI], -17.92 to -1.92; p = 0.015) but no significant changes in TG (WMD, -19.38 mg/dL; 95% CI, -39.94 to 1.18; p = 0.065), HDL-C (WMD, 0.83 mg/dL; 95% CI, -0.76 to 2.42; p = 0.305) and LDL-C (WMD, -0.59 mg/dL; 95% CI, -4.96 to 3.79; p = 0.793). Greater effects on TC were detected in trials performed on duration lasting less than twelve weeks, mean age of > 40, both sexes, and sample size of > 50. TG was reduced by using FRPP in studies conducted on mean age of > 40. HDL-C increased by using FRPP in studies conducted on duration of < 12 weeks, mean age of > 40, and sample size of ≤ 50. Overall, these data provided evidence that capsinoids and FRPP supplementation has beneficial effects on TC but not TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Amini
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Nastaran Payandeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sheikhhossein
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Mohsen Alvani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Alireza Talebyan
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohtashaminia
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran
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Makura-Kankwende CBT, Gradidge PJ, Crowther NJ, Ratshikombo T, Goedecke JH, Micklesfield LK, Norris SA, Chikowore T. Association of Longitudinal Nutrient Patterns with Body Composition in Black Middle-Aged South African Women: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12792. [PMID: 36232088 PMCID: PMC9565998 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association of longitudinal nutrient patterns with body composition in a cohort of 132 black South African middle-aged women over five years. Nutrient patterns were identified using principal component analysis at baseline and follow-up 5 years later. Associations between nutrient patterns and repeated body composition measures were evaluated using generalized estimating equations, before and after adjusting for baseline education and repeated measures of age, socio-economic status, physical activity and employment. The animal-driven nutrient pattern was associated with increases in repeated measures of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (β coefficient, 5.79 [95% CI, 0.01-11.57] cm2), fat mass index (FMI) (0.47 [0.01-0.93] kg·m-2) and lean mass index (LMI) (0.50 [0.18-1.17] kg·m-2) (p < 0.05) after adjustment. Vitamin C, sugar, and potassium-driven nutrient pattern was associated with higher FMI (0.50 [0.12-0.88] kg·m-2) and LMI (0.58 [0.07-1.10] kg·m-2) before and after adjustment (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that dietary interventions to curb obesity in black middle-aged South African women should focus on attenuation of nutrient patterns centred on added sugar, animal fat and animal protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B. T. Makura-Kankwende
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa
| | - Philippe J. Gradidge
- Department of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa
| | - Nigel J. Crowther
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa
| | - Tshifhiwa Ratshikombo
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa
| | - Julia H. Goedecke
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Lisa K. Micklesfield
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa
| | - Shane A. Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa
- School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Tinashe Chikowore
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa
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Nikniaz L, Mahmudiono T, Jasim SA, Vajdi M, Thangavelu L, Farhangi MA. Nutrient pattern analysis of mineral based, simple sugar based, and fat based diets and risk of metabolic syndrome: a comparative nutrient panel. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:51. [PMID: 35232417 PMCID: PMC8889682 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-00963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is growing evidence on the association between nutrient patterns and metabolic risk factors, very little is known about the relationship between nutrient patterns and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to examine the associations of nutrient patterns with MetS among apparently healthy obese adults living in Tabriz, Iran. METHODS Three hundred and forty-seven apparently healthy obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) adults aged 20-50 years were included in this cross-sectional study. Dietary intake of 38 nutrients was assessed by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) of 132 food items. Nutrient patterns were determined using factor analysis. The MetS was defined based on the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). RESULTS Three major nutrient patterns were extracted: "Mineral based pattern", "Simple sugar based pattern" and "Fat based pattern". There was no significant association between nutrient patterns and MetS, in the crude model even after adjusting for confounders. There was a significant difference between quartiles in the mineral based pattern for free mass (FFM), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), large Waist circumference (WC) and Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). In the simple sugar based pattern, we observed a significant association for SBP, DBP, and triglyceride (TG) levels. In addition, the fat based pattern was positively associated with BMI, and weight. CONCLUSIONS We did not observe any significant association of nutrient patterns with the risk of MetS amongst the apparently healthy obese adult's population. Whereas we confirmed the deleterious effect of the simple sugar and fat based patterns on several metabolic risk factors, our findings also showed that the mineral based pattern is related to healthier metabolic factors in an Iranian population. These results should be approved by future studies to recognize any causal relationship between adherence to specific nutrient patterns and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Nikniaz
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Kota Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Maarif University College, Al-anbar-Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Mahdi Vajdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Assessment of the association between plant-based dietary exposures and cardiovascular disease risk profile in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:361. [PMID: 35183139 PMCID: PMC8858494 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have investigated dietary attributes associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Africa. However, there has been no effort to critically assess the existing evidence. This systematic review examined available evidence on the association between plant-based dietary exposures and CVD risk profile in Africa. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020159862. Methods We conducted a literature search for observational studies reporting on plant-based dietary exposures in relation to CVD risk profile in African populations. PubMed-Medline, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and African Journals Online platforms were searched up to 19 March 2021. Titles and abstracts of the identified records were screened independently by two investigators. The quality of the studies was also assessed independently. Results Of 458 entries identified, 15 studies published between 2002 and 2020 were included in this review. These studies originated from 12 sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. Sample sizes ranged from 110 to 2362, age from 18 to 80 years; and majority of participants were females (66.0%). In all, four plant-based dietary exposures were identified across SSA. Sixty percent of the studies reported a significant association between a plant-based dietary exposure with at least one CVD risk factor such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, overweight/obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Conclusions The few available studies suggest that there may be a protective effect of plant-based dietary exposures on CVD risk profile in the African setting. Nonetheless, more elaborated studies are still needed to address plant-based diet (PBD) adherence in relation with CVD risk in African populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12724-w.
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Subramani PA, Shaik FB, Michael RD, Panati K, Narala VR. Thiamine Is a Natural Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor Gamma (PPAR-γ) Activator. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220127121403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
There has been increasing evidence for the correlation between thiamine deficiency and type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is a condition in which an individual’s insulin sensitivity is highly compromised. Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor etiologically relevant to T2D. We hypothesized that thiamine could be a PPAR-γ ligand and thus activate PPAR-γ and ameliorate T2D.
Objective:
This study aims to establish thiamine as a PPAR-γ ligand via molecular docking and dynamics simulations (MDS) and thiamine’s ability to induce adipogenesis, upregulating PPAR-γ and AP-2 genes using in vitro assays.
Methods:
Thiamine/PPAR-γ binding was studied using Schrödinger’s Glide. The bound complex was simulated in the OPLS 2005 force field using Desmond. 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells were differentiated in the presence of thiamine and rosiglitazone and stained with Oil Red O. Nuclear protein from the differentiated cells was used to study the binding of the PPAR-γ response element (PPRE) using an ELISA-based assay. mRNA from differentiated cells was used to study the expression of genes using quantitative RT-PCR.
Results:
In silico docking shows that thiamine binds with PPAR-γ. MDS indicate that the interactions between thiamine and PPAR-γ are stable over a significant period. Thiamine induces the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner and enhances the PPRE-binding activity of PPAR-γ. Thiamine treatment significantly increases the mRNA levels of PPAR-γ and AP-2 genes.
Conclusion:
Our results show that thiamine is a PPAR-γ ligand. Animal studies and clinical trials are required to corroborate the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parasuraman Aiya Subramani
- Department of Zoology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, A.P., 516 005, India
- Centre for Fish Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai-600117, India
| | | | - R. Dinakaran Michael
- Centre for Fish Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai-600117, India
| | - Kalpana Panati
- Department of Biotechnology, Government College for Men, Kadapa -516 004, India
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Sex Differences in the Associations of Nutrient Patterns with Total and Regional Adiposity: A Study of Middle-Aged Black South African Men and Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124558. [PMID: 34960108 PMCID: PMC8706560 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The study evaluated the association between nutrient patterns with body fat and regional adiposity in middle-aged black South African (SA) men and women and determined if this differed by sex. Body fat and regional adiposity (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and dietary intake (7-day quantified food frequency questionnaire) were measured in black SA men (n = 414) and women (n = 346). Using principal component analysis, nutrient patterns were computed from 25 nutrients in the combined sample. Four nutrient patterns were extracted, explaining 67% of the variance in nutrient intake. Animal and fat, as well as the vitamin C, sugar, and potassium driven patterns, were positively associated with total adiposity. In contrast, the retinol and vitamin B12 pattern was associated with the centralisation of fat. Notably, the strength of the association between the animal-driven nutrient pattern and BMI was greater in men (1.14 kg/m2, 95% CI (0.63–1.66)) than in women (0.81 kg/m2, 95% CI (0.25–1.36)) (Pint = 0.017). In contrast, the plant-driven pattern was associated with higher abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in women (44 cm2, 95% CI (22–67)) but not men (Pint = 1.54 × 10−4). These differences suggest that although men and women have similar nutrient patterns, their associations with the whole body and regional body fat are different.
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Balakrishna Y, Manda S, Mwambi H, van Graan A. Identifying Nutrient Patterns in South African Foods to Support National Nutrition Guidelines and Policies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093194. [PMID: 34579071 PMCID: PMC8465156 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Food composition databases (FCDBs) provide the nutritional content of foods and are essential for developing nutrition guidance and effective intervention programs to improve nutrition of a population. In public and nutritional health research studies, FCDBs are used in the estimation of nutrient intake profiles at the population levels. However, such studies investigating nutrient co-occurrence and profile patterns within the African context are very rare. This study aimed to identify nutrient co-occurrence patterns within the South African FCDB (SAFCDB). A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to 28 nutrients and 971 foods in the South African FCDB to determine compositionally similar food items. A second principal component analysis was applied to the food items for validation. Eight nutrient patterns (NPs) explaining 73.4% of the nutrient variation among foods were identified: (1) high magnesium and manganese; (2) high copper and vitamin B12; (3) high animal protein, niacin, and vitamin B6; (4) high fatty acids and vitamin E; (5) high calcium, phosphorous and sodium; (6) low moisture and high available carbohydrate; (7) high cholesterol and vitamin D; and (8) low zinc and high vitamin C. Similar food patterns (FPs) were identified from a PCA on food items, yielding subgroups such as dark-green, leafy vegetables and, orange-coloured fruit and vegetables. One food pattern was associated with high sodium levels and contained bread, processed meat and seafood, canned vegetables, and sauces. The data-driven nutrient and food patterns found in this study were consistent with and support the South African food-based dietary guidelines and the national salt regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusentha Balakrishna
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban 4001, South Africa
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa; (S.M.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-31-203-4855
| | - Samuel Manda
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa; (S.M.); (H.M.)
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Henry Mwambi
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa; (S.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Averalda van Graan
- Biostatistics Research Unit, SAFOODS Division, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 8001, South Africa;
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8001, South Africa
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Zhang HW, Guo Y, Sun LX, Ni FB, Xu K. Prognostic value of small mother against decapentaplegic expression in human gastric cancer. Bioengineered 2021; 12:2534-2549. [PMID: 34138687 PMCID: PMC8806811 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1935192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy in the world with alow 5-year survival rate. To date, no study has investigated the prognostic role of the small mother against decapentaplegic (SMAD) in gastric cancer. The association of SMADs with overall survival (OS) of gastric cancer was analyzed on the online Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter database. Clinical data such as stage, differentiation, gender, treatment, and Her2 mutation status of gastric cancer patients were analyzed. The (E)-SIS3 was used to inhibit SMAD3 expression in gastric cancer cells, and the effects of SMAD3 on gastric cancer cells were analyzed via real-time cellular analysis (RTCA), flow cytometry, colony formation, and immunofluorescence assay. The results showed that the high expression of three members of SMADs (SMAD1, SMAD2, SMAD4) was correlated with afavorable OS of gastric cancer patients. Meanwhile, SMAD3 expression level indicated highly differentiated cancer. We also observed that surgical treatment was associated with high expression level of SMAD1 and SMAD2. Besides, the effect of Her2 on gastric cancer was not noticeable. Moreover, (E)-SIS3 pharmacological assay revealed that inhibition of expression of SMAD3 suppressed the proliferation and migration ability of gastric cancer cells via inducing apoptosis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the high expression level of three members of SMADs (SMAD1, SMAD2, and SMAD4) is significantly correlated with favorable OS of gastric cancer patients, which is opposite to SMAD3. Thus, SMADs regulate the differentiation of cancer and can be used to guide treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Wei Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Surgery, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Xiao Sun
- Department of Surgery, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Biao Ni
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ke Xu
- Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Hoffmann J, Busse S, von Hoff F, Borucki K, Frodl T, Busse M. Association Between Homocysteine and Vitamin Levels in Demented Patients. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:1781-1792. [PMID: 33998538 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is known that the nutritional status among elderly persons and, in particular, patients with dementia, is compromised, malnutrition that results in insufficient uptake of several vitamins is often not diagnosed. OBJECTIVE An elevated homocysteine level is a known strong risk factor for vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several B vitamins are involved in the metabolism of homocysteine. Therefore, we investigated the serum levels of vitamin B1, vitamin B6, folate, and vitamin B12 in 97 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or different forms of dementia and 54 elderly control persons without dementia. RESULTS Compared to aged non-demented people, vitamins B1, B6, B12, and folate were decreased in serum of patients with AD, and patients with Lewy body dementia had reduced vitamin B12 level. Vitamin B6 was diminished in VaD. Patients with frontotemporal dementia showed no alterations in vitamin levels. Age was identified as an important factor contributing to the concentrations of vitamin B1 and B6 in serum, but not vitamin B12 and folate. Increased levels of total homocysteine were detected especially in MCI and AD. Homocysteine correlated negatively with levels of vitamins B6, B12, and folate and positively with Q Albumin. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that despite increased homocysteine already present in MCI, vitamin levels are decreased only in dementia. We propose to determine the vitamin levels in patients with cognitive decline, but also elderly people in general, and recommend supplementing these nutrients if needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hoffmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Busse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Franz von Hoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Borucki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mandy Busse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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15
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Teymoori F, Mokhtari E, Salehi P, Hosseini-Esfahani F, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. A nutrient pattern characterized by vitamin A, C, B6, potassium, and fructose is associated with reduced risk of insulin-related disorders: A prospective study among participants of Tehran lipid and glucose study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:12. [PMID: 33499915 PMCID: PMC7836167 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-related disorders, including insulin resistance, insulin insensitivity, and insulinemia, is considered early predictors of major chronic disease risk. Using a set of correlated nutrient as nutrient patterns to explore the diet-disease relationship has drawn more attention recently. We aimed to investigate the association of nutrient patterns and insulin markers' changes prospectively among adults who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). METHODS For the present study, 995 men and women aged 30-75 years, with complete information on insulin and dietary intake in survey III TLGS, were selected and followed three years until survey IV. Dietary intakes at baseline were assessed using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutrient patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA). We extracted five dominant patterns based on the scree plot and categorized them into quartiles. Linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between Nutrient patterns and three-year insulin markers changes, including fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-S. RESULTS The mean (SD) age and BMI of participants (43.1 % male) were 46.2(10.9) year and 28.0(4.7) kg/m2, respectively. The median (IQR, 25, 75) of 3 years changes of insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-S were 0.35 (- 1.71, 2.67) mU/mL, 0.25 (- 0.28, 0.84) and - 6.60 (- 22.8, 7.76), respectively. In the fully adjusted model for potential confounders, per each quartile increment of the fifth nutrient pattern, the β coefficients (95 % CI) of changes in insulin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-S were - 0.36 (- 0.62, - 0.10); P value = 0.007, -0.10 (-0.19, -0.01); P value = 0.022, and 1.92 (0.18, 3.66); P value = 0.030, respectively. There were no significant association between other nutrient patterns and insulin related indices. CONCLUSIONS Present study showed that high adherence to a nutrient pattern rich in vitamin A, vitamin C, pyridoxine, potassium, and fructose is inversely associated with 3-years changes in insulin, HOMA-IR, and directly associated with HOMA-S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985717413, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mokhtari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985717413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pantea Salehi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985717413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985717413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Damen MSMA, Stankiewicz TE, Park SH, Helsley RN, Chan CC, Moreno-Fernandez ME, Doll JR, Szabo S, Herbert DR, Softic S, Divanovic S. Non-hematopoietic IL-4Rα expression contributes to fructose-driven obesity and metabolic sequelae. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2377-2387. [PMID: 34302121 PMCID: PMC8528699 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The risks of excess sugar intake in addition to high-fat diet consumption on immunopathogenesis of obesity-associated metabolic diseases are poorly defined. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 signaling via IL-4Rα regulates adipose tissue lipolysis, insulin sensitivity, and liver fibrosis in obesity. However, the contribution of IL-4Rα to sugar rich diet-driven obesity and metabolic sequelae remains unknown. METHODS WT, IL-4Rα-deficient (IL-4Rα-/-) and STAT6-deficient mice (STAT6-/-) male mice were fed low-fat chow, high fat (HF) or HF plus high carbohydrate (HC/fructose) diet (HF + HC). Analysis included quantification of: (i) body weight, adiposity, energy expenditure, fructose metabolism, fatty acid oxidation/synthesis, glucose dysmetabolism and hepatocellular damage; (ii) the contribution of the hematopoietic or non-hematopoietic IL-4Rα expression; and (iii) the relevance of IL-4Rα downstream canonical STAT6 signaling pathway in this setting. RESULTS We show that IL-4Rα regulated HF + HC diet-driven weight gain, whole body adiposity, adipose tissue inflammatory gene expression, energy expenditure, locomotor activity, glucose metabolism, hepatic steatosis, hepatic inflammatory gene expression and hepatocellular damage. These effects were potentially, and in part, dependent on non-hematopoietic IL-4Rα expression but were independent of direct STAT6 activation. Mechanistically, hepatic ketohexokinase-A and C expression was dependent on IL-4Rα, as it was reduced in IL-4Rα-deficient mice. KHK activity was also affected by HF + HC dietary challenge. Further, reduced expression/activity of KHK in IL-4Rα mice had a significant effect on fatty acid oxidation and fatty acid synthesis pathways. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight potential contribution of non-hematopoietic IL-4Rα activation of a non-canonical signaling pathway that regulates the HF + HC diet-driven induction of obesity and severity of obesity-associated sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S. M. A. Damen
- grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Traci E. Stankiewicz
- grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Se-Hyung Park
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine and Kentucky Children’s Hospital, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Robert N. Helsley
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine and Kentucky Children’s Hospital, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Calvin C. Chan
- grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Maria E. Moreno-Fernandez
- grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Jessica R. Doll
- grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Sara Szabo
- grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - De’Broski R. Herbert
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Samir Softic
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine and Kentucky Children’s Hospital, Lexington, KY USA ,grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Senad Divanovic
- grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
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Nutrient Patterns and Body Composition Parameters of Black South African Women. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010006. [PMID: 33375014 PMCID: PMC7822018 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is more prevalent in black South African women than men. However, little is known about the nutrient patterns associated with body composition indices in black African women. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to 25 nutrients derived from quantified food frequency questionnaires (QFFQs) in 498 middle aged black South African women. Three nutrient patterns, the plant driven, animal driven and Vitamin C, sugar and potassium driven nutrient patterns, accounted for 59% of the variance of nutrient intake. Linear models of the body composition parameters as outcome variables indicated that a standard deviation increase in the animal driven nutrient pattern was significantly associated with increases in body mass index (BMI) (1.29 kg·m−2 (95% CI, 0.54–2.04; p = 0.001), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) (26.30 cm2 (7.97–44.63); p = 0.005), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (9.88 cm2 (5.13–14.63); p < 0.001), VAT/SAT ratio (0.01 (0.00–0.02); p = 0.018), whole body fat mass index (0.74 kg·m−2 (0.25–1.22); p = 0.003), and whole body lean mass index (0.53 kg·m−2 (0.23–0.83); p = 0.001). An increase in plant driven nutrient pattern was significantly associated with an increase in SAT of 20.45 cm2 (0.47–40.43); p = 0.045. This study demonstrates that animal driven nutrient pattern, characterised by the consumption of more animal protein and fat nutrients, similar to the western diet is associated with increased body fat and lean mass.
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Yarizadeh H, Setayesh L, Roberts C, Yekaninejad MS, Mirzaei K. Nutrient pattern of unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E increase resting metabolic rate of overweight and obese women. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 92:214-222. [PMID: 32672509 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Obesity plays an important role in the development of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. A low resting metabolic rate (RMR) for a given body size and composition is a risk factor for obesity, however, there is limited evidence available regarding the association of nutrient patterns and RMR. The aim of this study was to determine the association of nutrient patterns and RMR in overweight and obese women. Study design: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 360 women who were overweight or obese. Method: Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative standard food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutrient patterns were also extracted by principal components analysis (PCA). All participants were evaluated for their body composition, RMR, and blood parameters. Result: Three nutrient patterns explaining 64% of the variance in dietary nutrients consumption were identified as B-complex-mineral, antioxidant, and unsaturated fatty acid and vitamin E (USFA-vit E) respectively. Participants were categorized into two groups based on the nutrient patterns. High scores of USFA-vit E pattern was significantly associated with the increase of RMR (β = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.79 to 68.16, p = 0.04). No significant associations were found among B-complex-mineral pattern (β = -0.00, 95% CI = -49.67 to 46.03, p = 0.94) and antioxidant pattern (β = 0.03, 95% CI -41.42 to 22.59, p = 0.56) with RMR. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the "USFA-vit E" pattern (such as PUFA, oleic, linoleic, vit.E, α-tocopherol and EPA) was associated with increased RMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yarizadeh
- Students' Scientific Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 1417755331, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Setayesh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Caroline Roberts
- Department of Nutritional Sciences School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building room 4.108
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, phase II study to evaluate the efficacy of ginseng in reducing fatigue in patients treated for head and neck cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:2479-2487. [PMID: 32617701 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03300-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatigue is a distressing symptom in head & neck cancer patients before during and at the end of curative therapy. Pharmacologic and not pharmacologic treatments have been proposed with scarce or no evidence of efficacy. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of American ginseng in respect to placebo in reducing fatigue in patients treated for head and neck cancer with curative intent. METHODS Thirty-two patients who had completed oncological treatment for a primary Head & neck tumor for at least 1 year and had a global fatigue score > 4 by means of Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) were randomized to receive 1000 mg of American ginseng or placebo per day for 8 weeks with the aim to assess their efficacy. Changes in fatigue scores in the 2 subgroups of patients before and after the treatment with American ginseng or placebo, were assessed by the BFI at baseline and at the end of week 8. RESULTS The mean of the mean values of the BFI measured at 8 weeks (end of treatment) was 4.6 in the Ginseng arm and 3.4 in the Placebo arm (p = ns). Mean comparison showed a tendency to statistical significance only for the single item on interference with general activity (p = 0.06), with better performance for placebo. The mean of the differences between baseline values and 8 weeks values was not significantly different between treatment arms considering the entire questionnaire. CONCLUSION The present data shows that American ginseng has insufficient evidence to be recommended for Cancer Related Fatigue (CRF) in post treatment HNC survivors.
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Vajdi M, Farhangi MA, Nikniaz L. Diet-derived nutrient patterns and components of metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional community- based study. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:69. [PMID: 32429966 PMCID: PMC7236137 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-0547-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the main public health problems worldwide. Although some relations between dietary intakes and MetS have been found, few studies have focused on association between dietary nutrients interactions and the risk of the MetS and its components. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between nutrient patterns and MetS and its components among Iranian adult population. METHODS A total of 588 subjects (aged 18-64 years, 271 males and 317 females) enrolled in the cross sectional study. Dietary consumption was evaluated using an 80-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Biochemical assessments including fasting blood sugar (FBS), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and serum lipids were performed by enzymatic methods. Nutrient patterns were obtained by factor analysis procedure using principal component method. Multinational logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between nutrient patterns and MetS and its components. RESULTS Three nutrient patterns explaining 53.66% of the variance in dietary nutrients intake, were recognized in the current study. Animal-sourced nutrient pattern was significantly associated with the higher odds of MetS and high triglyceride (TG) levels. Plant-sourced nutrient pattern (high intake of fiber, carbohydrate, vitamins B6, B3, C, B1, E, D, magnesium, potassium, and linoleic acid) was significantly associated with lower risk of MetS and lower blood pressure (p < 0.05). Third nutrient pattern (mixed-source) was significantly related to higher risk of MetS, high waist circumference (WC) and high systolic blood pressure (SBP). CONCLUSION This present study confirms the important effect of nutrients and their patterns on MetS risk. Our results suggest that adherence to the nutrient pattern rich in fiber, carbohydrate, vitamins D, B6, B3, C, B1, E, magnesium, potassium, linoleic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is associated with a lower risk of MetS, while animal- and mixed-sourced nutrient patterns are positively associated with greater odds of MetS; However, further longitudinal and interventional studies are required to make a clear conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Vajdi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Leila Nikniaz
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Mottaghian M, Salehi P, Teymoori F, Mirmiran P, Hosseini-Esfahani F, Azizi F. Nutrient patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors among Iranian adults: Tehran lipid and glucose study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:653. [PMID: 32393204 PMCID: PMC7216539 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08767-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to assess the relation between nutrient patterns and changes in adult anthropometric and cardiometabolic factors. Methods This study was conducted on 1637 adults participating in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2005–2008), who were free of cardiovascular diseases and cancer and had completed dietary data. They were followed to the next survey (2008–2011). Dietary intakes were collected and nutrient patterns were obtained. Three year changes in anthropometric and cardiometabolic factors were measured. Results Five nutrient patterns were extracted. The first pattern was characterized by “plant protein, thiamine, niacin, and minerals including phosphorus, zinc, copper, magnesium, manganese, and selenium”. Animal protein, lactose, vitamin D, riboflavine, pantothenic acid, vitamin B12, calcium, phosphorus, and zinc" were loaded in the second pattern. The third and fourth patterns were characterized by “vitamin K, fiber, calcium, iron, manganese, and potassium”, and “high correlation with starch, thiamine and folate, and negative correlation with mono and poly unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E”, respectively. The fifth pattern was high in Fructose, vitamins A, C, pyridoxine, and potassium. There was no association between nutrient patterns and 3-year changes in blood pressure and fasting blood glucose; whereas, per each quartile increment of the fifth pattern adjusted for potential confounders, triglyceride change was decreased [β = − 3.66, 95% CI (− 6.57, − 0.57); P for trend = 0.014]. Conclusion Present study indicates that nutrient patterns may have an association with cardiometabolic factors, particularly a pattern rich in fructose, vitamins A, C, pyridoxine, and potassium which decreases triglyceride level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mottaghian
- Student Research committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pantea Salehi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985717413, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985717413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1985717413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Kang LJ, Oh E, Cho C, Kwon H, Lee CG, Jeon J, Lee H, Choi S, Han SJ, Nam J, Song CU, Jung H, Kim HY, Park EJ, Choi EJ, Kim J, Eyun SI, Yang S. 3'-Sialyllactose prebiotics prevents skin inflammation via regulatory T cell differentiation in atopic dermatitis mouse models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5603. [PMID: 32221370 PMCID: PMC7101440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
3'-Sialyllactose (3'-SL), a natural prebiotic, maintains immune homeostasis and exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects. Although regulatory T cells (Tregs) prevent excessive inflammation and maintain immune tolerance, the effect of 3'-SL on Treg regulation is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 3'-SL on Treg responses in atopic dermatitis (AD) pathogenesis. Oral administration of 3'-SL reduced AD-like symptoms such as ear, epidermal, and dermal thickness in repeated topical application of house dust mites (HDM) and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). 3'-SL inhibited IgE, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α secretion and markedly downregulated AD-related cytokines including IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and Tslp through regulation of NF-κB in ear tissue. Additionally, in vitro assessment of Treg differentiation revealed that 3'-SL directly induced TGF-β-mediated Treg differentiation. Furthermore, 3'-SL administration also ameliorated sensitization and elicitation of AD pathogenesis by suppressing mast cell infiltration and production of IgE and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse serum by mediating the Treg response. Furthermore, Bifidobacterium population was also increased by 3'-SL administration as prebiotics. Our data collectively show that 3'-SL has therapeutic effects against AD progression by inducing Treg differentiation, downregulating AD-related cytokines, and increasing the Bifidobacterium population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjeong Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanmi Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - HoKeun Kwon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Choong-Gu Lee
- Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangwon-do, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangil Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jae Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Nam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Une Song
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Jung
- Synovizen Inc, Seoul, 06621, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of mucosal immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- East-West Medical Research Institute, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Choi
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoung Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Il Eyun
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Siyoung Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Pham A, Gavin PD, Libinaki R, Ramirez G, Khan JT, Boyd BJ. Differential Effects of TPM, A Phosphorylated Tocopherol Mixture, and Other Tocopherol Derivatives as Excipients for Enhancing the Solubilization of Co-Enzyme Q10 as a Lipophilic Drug During Digestion of Lipid- Based Formulations. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:628-636. [PMID: 31385769 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190806114022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tocopherol-based excipient, TPM, when incorporated into a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT)-based lipid formulation, has been previously shown to improve the solubilization of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) during in vitro digestion which is strongly correlated with enhanced exposure in vivo. METHODS The current study aimed to gain further understanding of the MCT + TPM co-formulation, by assessing the formulation performance under fasted and fed in vitro digestion conditions, with different drug and excipient loading levels. Natural and synthetic-derived TPM were equivalent, and with d-α- tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) outperformed other derivatives in enhancing the solubilisation of CoQ10 during digestion. RESULT Fed conditions significantly improved the solubility of CoQ10 during in vitro digestion of the formulation in comparison with fasted conditions. The addition of TPM at 10% (w/w) of the total MCT + TPM provided optimal performance in terms of CoQ10 solubilization during digestion. CONCLUSION The results further highlights the potential of TPM as an additive in lipid formulations to improve the solubilization and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pham
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Paul D Gavin
- Phosphagenics Limited, 11 Duerdin Street, Clayton VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Roksan Libinaki
- Phosphagenics Limited, 11 Duerdin Street, Clayton VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Gisela Ramirez
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jamal T Khan
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Malmir H, Shayanfar M, Mohammad-Shirazi M, Tabibi H, Sharifi G, Esmaillzadeh A. Patterns of nutrients intakes in relation to glioma: A case-control study. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:1406-1413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Associations of Nutrient Patterns with the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome: Results from the Baseline Data of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11050990. [PMID: 31052301 PMCID: PMC6566447 DOI: 10.3390/nu11050990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
: The association between nutrient patterns and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been examined in a Japanese population. A cross-sectional study was performed on 30,108 participants (aged 35-69 years) in the baseline survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Dietary intake was assessed using a 46-item food frequency questionnaire. MetS was diagnosed according to the Joint Interim Statement Criteria of 2009, using body mass index instead of waist circumference. Factor analysis was applied to energy-adjusted intake of 21 nutrients, and three nutrient patterns were extracted: Factor 1 (fiber, potassium and vitamins pattern); Factor 2 (fats and fat-soluble vitamins pattern); and Factor 3 (saturated fatty acids, calcium and vitamin B2 pattern). In multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for sex, age, and other potential confounders, Factor 1 scores were associated with a significantly reduced odds ratio (OR) of MetS and all five components. Factor 2 scores were associated with significantly increased prevalence of MetS, obesity, and high blood pressure. Factor 3 scores were significantly associated with lower OR of MetS, high blood pressure, high serum triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol levels. Analysis of nutrient patterns may be useful to assess the overall quality of diet and its association with MetS.
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Hammarstedt A, Gogg S, Hedjazifar S, Nerstedt A, Smith U. Impaired Adipogenesis and Dysfunctional Adipose Tissue in Human Hypertrophic Obesity. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:1911-1941. [PMID: 30067159 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is the largest and best storage site for excess lipids. However, it has a limited ability to expand by recruiting and/or differentiating available precursor cells. When inadequate, this leads to a hypertrophic expansion of the cells with increased inflammation, insulin resistance, and a dysfunctional prolipolytic tissue. Epi-/genetic factors regulate SAT adipogenesis and genetic predisposition for type 2 diabetes is associated with markers of an impaired SAT adipogenesis and development of hypertrophic obesity also in nonobese individuals. We here review mechanisms for the adipose precursor cells to enter adipogenesis, emphasizing the role of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) and its endogenous antagonist gremlin-1, which is increased in hypertrophic SAT in humans. Gremlin-1 is a secreted and a likely important mechanism for the impaired SAT adipogenesis in hypertrophic obesity. Transiently increasing BMP-4 enhances adipogenic commitment of the precursor cells while maintained BMP-4 signaling during differentiation induces a beige/brown oxidative phenotype in both human and murine adipose cells. Adipose tissue growth and development also requires increased angiogenesis, and BMP-4, as a proangiogenic molecule, may also be an important feedback regulator of this. Hypertrophic obesity is also associated with increased lipolysis. Reduced lipid storage and increased release of FFA by hypertrophic SAT are important mechanisms for the accumulation of ectopic fat in the liver and other places promoting insulin resistance. Taken together, the limited expansion and storage capacity of SAT is a major driver of the obesity-associated metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Hammarstedt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Silvia Gogg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Shahram Hedjazifar
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Annika Nerstedt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Ulf Smith
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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27
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Chikowore T, Cockeran M, Conradie KR, van Zyl T. C679X loss-of-function PCSK9 variant lowers fasting glucose levels in a black South African population: A longitudinal study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 144:279-285. [PMID: 30227170 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the longitudinal association of the loss-of-function (LOF) PCSK9 variants (C679X and A443T), proxies of PCSK9 inhibitor drugs, with LDL-C, fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin. METHODS We conducted a five year, longitudinal study, nested within the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study, among 737 apparently healthy, male and female black South Africans of the North West province. Genotyping of the C679X and A443T PCSK9 variants was achieved using Taqman assays from Applied Biosystems. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine longitudinal association of the A443T and C679X PCSK9 variants with LDL-C, fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin. RESULTS C679X and A443T variant carriers were associated with significant reductions in LDL-C of -0.98(-1.29, -0.67) mmol/L; p < 0.001) and -0.39(-0.57, -0.20) mmol/L; p < 0.001) respectively, compared to the non-carriers. Only C679X variant was independently associated with reductions in fasting glucose of -0.37 (-0.61, -0.13) mmol/L; p = 0.002) compared to non-carriers. However, the association of the selected variants with glycated hemoglobin were not significant. C679X and A443T carriers were associated with -0.07 (-0.23, 0.09) %; p = 0.400), 0.05 (-0.13, 0.22) %; p = 0.599) of glycated haemoglobin respectively. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that carriers of A443T and C679X variants exhibit sustained low LDL-C levels over 5 years and have varied effects on T2D biomarkers compared to non-carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinashe Chikowore
- MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Human Genetics, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Mathematical and Statistical Sciences (CoE-MaSS), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Marike Cockeran
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, North West University, Potchefstroom, North West Province 2520, South Africa
| | - Karin R Conradie
- Center for Excellence in Nutrition, North West University, Potchefstroom, North West Province 2520, South Africa
| | - Tertia van Zyl
- Center for Excellence in Nutrition, North West University, Potchefstroom, North West Province 2520, South Africa
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