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Nurizadeh F, Mohamadifard N, Nouri F, Dehghani F, Zarepur E, Sarrafzadegan N, Kafeshani M. The association between glycemic index, glycemic load and total carbohydrate intake and risk of premature coronary artery disease: Iran Premature Coronary Artery Disease Study (IPAD) - A Case-Control Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:944-952. [PMID: 38233269 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The association between glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), total carbohydrate intake, and risk of cardiovascular diseases has been controversial. Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is characterized by the age of onset lower than 55 and 65 respectively in men and women. The aim of the current study is to investigate the relationship between GI, GL and carbohydrate levels and the risk of PCAD in Iran. METHODS AND RESULTS In total, 419 healthy people and 553 patients struggling with PCAD have participated in this case-control study. Dietary GI and GL were calculated using a validated food frequency questionnaire at the baseline. Crude and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess the relationship between GI, GL, and total carbohydrate intake and risk of PCAD. The mean age of participants was 51.13 ± 6.90 and 46 % of them were women. A significant direct relationship was observed between higher carbohydrate intake (OR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.27-2.38) and GL levels (OR: 1.56, 95 % CI:1.14-2.14) and risk of PCAD. These associations were not significant after adjusting for potential variables. No significant association has been observed between GI and odds of PCAD even after controlling for all covariates. CONCLUSION We found no significant association between GI, GL, and total carbohydrate intake and risk of premature coronary heart disease. Further observational and clinical trials are required to assess this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Nurizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Noushin Mohamadifard
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nouri
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farimah Dehghani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Zarepur
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Kafeshani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Dehghani F, Hajhashemy Z, Keshteli AH, Yazdannik A, Falahi E, Saneei P, Esmaillzadeh A. Nutrient patterns in relation to insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in Iranian women. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2857. [PMID: 38310135 PMCID: PMC10838277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Prior studies have mainly focused on the association of one specific nutrient with insulin resistance (IR) and endothelial dysfunction and limited studies have assessed the association with different nutrient patterns (NPs). We examined the association between various NPs and IR and endothelial dysfunction among Iranian women. This cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 368 female nurses. A 106-items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was applied for dietary assessments. Using factor analysis, the relationships between NPs and markers of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, and QUICKY), and endothelial dysfunction (E-selectin, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1) were assessed. Mean age and body mass index of participants were respectively 35.21 years and 24.04 kg/m2. Three major NPs were identified. NP1, named as "dairy, fruits, and vegetables" had high values of potassium, folate, vitamins A and C, magnesium, and beta carotene. No significant association was observed between this NP and insulin resistance or endothelial dysfunction indices. The second NP was full of chromium, selenium, copper, vitamin B6, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), thiamin, vitamin D, and iron. Adherence to NP2 (named "legumes, nuts, and protein foods") was associated with lower values of insulin (6.8 ± 1.1 versus 8.4 ± 1.1, P = 0.01), homeostasis model assessment-Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (1.3 ± 0.2 versus 1.7 ± 0.2, P = 0.02), and vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) (444.2 ± 27.9 versus 475.8 ± 28.4, P = 0.03). However, adherence to the third NP, rich in saturated fatty acid (SFA), cholesterol, sodium, zinc, vitamin E, and B12, described as "animal fat and meat + vitamin E", was associated with higher amounts of homeostasis model assessment-β (HOMA-β) (531.3 ± 176.2 versus 48.7 ± 179.8, P = 0.03). In conclusion, following the NP2, correlated with higher intakes of chromium, selenium, copper, vitamin B6, MUFA and thiamin was associated with lower values of insulin, HOMA-IR, and sVCAM-1. Adherence to NP3, rich in SFA, cholesterol, vitamin E, vitamin B12, and zinc was associated with higher levels of HOMA-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farimah Dehghani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajhashemy
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ahmadreza Yazdannik
- Department of Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Falahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Sarsangi P, Sasanfar B, Dehghani F, Nadjarzadeh A, Esmaillzadeh A, Salehi-Abargouei A, Mirzaei M. Substituting whole grains for refined grains and risk of developing psychological disorders in Iranian adults: YaHS and TAMYZ studies. Curr Psychol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04076-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Oveissi F, Naficy S, Lee A, Winlaw D, Dehghani F. Materials and manufacturing perspectives in engineering heart valves: a review. Mater Today Bio 2020; 5:100038. [PMID: 32211604 PMCID: PMC7083765 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2019.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Valvular heart diseases (VHD) are a major health burden, affecting millions of people worldwide. The treatments for such diseases rely on medicine, valve repair, and artificial heart valves including mechanical and bioprosthetic valves. Yet, there are countless reports on possible alternatives noting long-term stability and biocompatibility issues and highlighting the need for fabrication of more durable and effective replacements. This review discusses the current and potential materials that can be used for developing such valves along with existing and developing fabrication methods. With this perspective, we quantitatively compare mechanical properties of various materials that are currently used or proposed for heart valves along with their fabrication processes to identify challenges we face in creating new materials and manufacturing techniques to better mimick the performance of native heart valves.
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Key Words
- 3D printing
- Biofabrication
- Biomaterials
- E, Young's modulus
- Electrospinning
- Gal, galactose-α1,3-galactose
- GelMa, gelatin methacrylate
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- HAVIC, human aortic valvular interstitial cells
- MA-HA, methacrylated hyaluronic acid
- NeuGc, N-glycolylneuraminic acid
- P4HB, poly(4-hydroxybutyrate)
- PAAm, polyacrylamide
- PCE, polycitrate-(ε-polypeptide)
- PCL, polycaprolactone
- PE, polyethylene
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PEGDA, polyethylene glycol diacrylate
- PGA, poly(glycolic acid)
- PHA, poly(hydroxyalkanoate)
- PLA, polylactide
- PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate)
- PPG, polypropylene glycol
- PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene
- PU, polyurethane
- SIBS, poly(styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene)
- SMC, smooth muscle cells
- VHD, valvular heart disease
- VIC, aortic valve leaflet interstitial cells
- Valvular heart diseases
- dECM, decellularized extracellular matrix
- ePTFE, expanded PTFE
- xSIBS, crosslinked version of SIBS
- α-SMA, alpha-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Oveissi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - S. Naficy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - A. Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - D.S. Winlaw
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - F. Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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Shammugasamy B, Valtchev P, Dehghani F, Dong Q. The role of citrus peel extract in inhibiting progression and recurrence of prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy047.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Dehghani F, Abbasinia M, Heidari A, Mohammad Salehi N, Firoozi F, Shakeri M. Patient’s View about the Protection of Privacy by Healthcare Practitioners in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom, Iran. IJN 2016. [DOI: 10.29252/ijn.28.98.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Ernst J, Schädlich K, Fischer B, Dehghani F. The endocannabinoid system – Another missing link in endocrine disrupting effects of DEHP? Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1547727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cheng TL, Valtchev P, Murphy CM, Cantrill LC, Dehghani F, Little DG, Schindeler A. A sugar-based phase-transitioning delivery system for bone tissue engineering. Eur Cell Mater 2013; 26:208-21; discussion 220-1. [PMID: 24146213 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v026a15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering approaches commonly involve the delivery of recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMPs). However, there are limitations associated with the currently used carriers, including the need for surgical implantation and the associated increase in infection risk. As an alternative to traditional porous collagen sponge, we have adopted a solution of the injectable sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) as a carrier for rhBMP-2. The ability to deliver rhBMP-2 and other agents by injection reduces the infection risk and lesion size whilst in surgery, with the potential to avoid open surgery altogether in some indications. The primary methodology used for this in vivo study was a C57BL6/J mouse ectopic bone formation model. Specimens were examined by x-ray, microCT, and histology at 3 weeks. SAIB was delivered non-invasively and produced up to 3-fold greater bone volume compared to collagen. To further refine and improve upon the formulation, SAIB containing rhBMP-2 was admixed with candidate compounds including ceramic microparticles, anti-resorptives, and cell signalling inhibitors and further tested in vivo. The formulation combining SAIB/rhBMP-2, the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA), and hydroxyapatite (HA) microparticles yielded a 10-fold greater bone volume than SAIB/rhBMP-2 alone. To investigate the mechanism underlying the synergy between ZA and HA, we used in vitro binding assays and in vivo fluorescent biodistribution studies to demonstrate that ceramic particles could bind and sequester the bisphosphonate. These data show the utility of SAIB as a non-invasive rhBMP delivery system as well as describing an optimised formulation for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Cheng
- Orthopaedic Research & Biotechnology, Research Building, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW 2145,
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Ravarian R, Wei H, Dehghani F. Improving the bioactivity of bioglass/ (PMMA-co-MPMA) organic/inorganic hybrid. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2012; 2011:3593-6. [PMID: 22255116 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6090601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Binary system of CaO-SiO(2) glasses enables the apatite formation in simulated body fluid (SBF). However, the presence of phosphate content in SiO(2)-CaO-P(2)O(5) glasses leads to the formation of orthophosphate nanocrystalline nuclei, which facilitates the generation of carbonate hydroxyapatite; this compound is more compatible with natural bone. The brittle and less flexible properties of bioactive glasses are the major obstacle for their application as bone implant. The hybridization of essential constituents of bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics with polymers such as PMMA can improve their poor mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to improve the bioactivity of nanocomposites fabricated from poly(methyl metacrylate) (PMMA) and bioglass for bone implant applications. Bioglass compounds with various phosphate contents were used for the preparation of PMMA/bioglass hybrid matrices. Since the lack of adhesion between the two phases impedes the homogenous composite formation, a silane coupling agent such as 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylates (MPMA) was incorporated into the polymer structure. The effect of addition of MPMA on the molecular structure of composite was investigated. Furthermore, the presence of MPMA in the system improved the homogeneity of sample. Increasing phosphate content in the inorganic segment of hybrid up to 10 mol% resulted in the formation of apatite layer on the surface; hence the hybrid was bioactive and suitable candidate for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ravarian
- University of Sydney, School of Chemical and Biomolecularengineering, Sydney, Australia.
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Dehghani F, Panjehshahin MR, Mirzaee Z, Mehrabani D. Effect ofFoeniculum vulgareOrganic Extract on Blood Sex Hormones and Reproductive Tissues of Male Rats. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2005.9706529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Dehghani F, Sayan M, Conrad A, Evers J, Ghadban C, Blaheta R, Korf HW, Hailer NP. Inhibition of microglial and astrocytic inflammatory responses by the immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2011; 36:598-611. [PMID: 20609108 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2010.01104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Nucleotide depletion induced by the immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects. It remains unclear whether nucleotide depletion directly counteracts neuronal demise or whether it inhibits microglial or astrocytic activation, thereby resulting in indirect neuroprotection. METHODS Effects of MMF on isolated microglial cells, astrocyte/microglial cell co-cultures and isolated hippocampal neurones were analysed by immunocytochemistry, quantitative morphometry, and elisa. RESULTS We found that: (i) MMF suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial secretion of interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide; (ii) MMF suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced astrocytic production of tumour necrosis factor-α but not of nitric oxide; (iii) MMF strongly inhibited proliferation of both microglial cells and astrocytes; (iv) MMF did not protect isolated hippocampal neurones from excitotoxic injury; and (v) effects of MMF on glial cells were reversed after treatment with guanosine. CONCLUSIONS Nucleotide depletion induced by MMF inhibits microglial and astrocytic activation. Microglial and astrocytic proliferation is suppressed by MMF-induced inhibition of the salvage pathway enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. The previously observed neuroprotection after MMF treatment seems to be indirectly mediated, making this compound an interesting immunosuppressant in the treatment of acute central nervous system lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dehghani
- Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie, Institute of Anatomy 2, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Althaus J, Siegelin MD, Dehghani F, Cilenti L, Zervos AS, Rami A. The serine protease Omi/HtrA2 is involved in XIAP cleavage and in neuronal cell death following focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Neurochem Int 2006; 50:172-80. [PMID: 16978742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2006.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Revised: 07/04/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Omi/HtrA2 is a pro-apoptotic mitochondrial serine protease involved in both forms of apoptosis, caspase-dependent as well as caspase-independent cell death. However, the impact of Omi/HtrA2 in the apoptotic cell machinery that takes place in vivo under pathological conditions such as cerebral ischemia remains unknown. The present study was monitored in order to examine whether Omi/HtrA2 plays a decisive role in apoptosis observed after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Male adult rats were subjected to 90min of focal cerebral ischemia followed by reperfusion and treated with vehicle or ucf-101, a novel and specific Omi/HtrA2 inhibitor, prior reperfusion. Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced a mitochondrial up-regulation of Omi/HtrA2 and significantly increased cytosolic accumulation of Omi/HtrA2. Furthermore, ischemia led to activation of caspase-3 and degradation X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). Treatment of animals prior ischemia with ucf-101, the specific inhibitor of Omi/HtrA2, was able to (1) reduce the number of TUNEL-positive cells, to (2) attenuate the XIAP-breakdown and to (3) reduce the infarct size. This study shows for the first time that focal cerebral ischemia in rats results in Omi/HtrA2 translocation from the mitochondria to the cytosol, where it participates in neuronal cell death. Blocking the proteolytic activity of Omi/HtrA2 with specific inhibitors, such as the ucf-101, could be a novel way to afford neuroprotection and minimize cellular damage in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Althaus
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Anatomie (Anatomie III), Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Franfurt, Main, Germany
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Panjehshahin M, Dehghani F. The effect of glycerol on microscopic structure of heart: An experimental model in rat. Toxicol Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.07.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Panjehshahin M, Bahmanpoor S, Dehghani F. Toxic effect of cyclosporine A on the volume of thymus in mice (a stereological study). Toxicol Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.06.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dehghani F, Khozani TT, Panjehshahin MR, Karbalaedoost S. Effect of Teucrium polium on histology and histochemistry in rat stomach. Indian J Gastroenterol 2005; 24:126-7. [PMID: 16041113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Panjehshahin M, Dehghani F, Dezfullian R. 356 Toxic effect of aqueous coffee extract on male rat kidney (stereological study). Toxicol Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(03)90355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Talaei T, Panjehshahin M, Dehghani F, Panahi Z. 406 Toxic effects of hydro alcoholic extract of Kiwi on the histological structure of the male reproductive tissue. Toxicol Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(03)90405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kohl A, Dehghani F, Korf HW, Hailer NP. The bisphosphonate clodronate depletes microglial cells in excitotoxically injured organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Exp Neurol 2003; 181:1-11. [PMID: 12710928 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4886(02)00049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The bisphosphonate clodronate, clinically used in the treatment of osteoporosis, is known to deplete cells of the monocytic lineage. Using an in vitro model of excitotoxic damage in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSC), we investigated whether clodronate can also prevent microglial activation that occurs in CNS pathologies. Lesioning of OHSC was performed by application of 50 microM N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) for 4 h after 6 days in vitro (div). Treatment of lesioned OHSC with clodronate (1000, 100, or 10 microg/ml) resulted in an almost complete abrogation of the microglial reaction after 3 further div: Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the number of Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B(4)-labeled (IB4+) microglial cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) was reduced to 4.25% compared with OHSC treated with NMDA alone. Continuous treatment with clodronate (100 or 10 microg/ml) of lesioned OHSC for 9 days resulted in a further reduction in the number of microglial cells (reduction to 2.72%). The number of degenerating, propidium iodide-labeled (PI(+)) neurons in lesioned OHSC that received clodronate treatment between 6 and 9 div was not significantly different from OHSC treated with NMDA alone. However, the number of PI(+) neurons in lesioned OHSC that received continuous clodronate treatment for 9 div was significantly higher when compared to NMDA-lesioned OHSC. In summary, clodronate is able to reduce microglial activation induced by excitotoxic neuronal injury. Our results demonstrate that clodronate is a useful tool in the investigation of neuron-glia interactions because it induces an efficient depletion of microglial cells that are activated after excitotoxic CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kohl
- University Hospital for Orthopaedic Surgery Friedrichsheim, Marienburgstrasse 2, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Federal Republic of Germany
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Abstract
The dissolution rate of a drug into the biological environment can be enhanced by forming complexes with cyclodextrins and their derivatives. In this study, ibuprofen-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin complexes were prepared successfully by passing ibuprofen-laden CO(2) through a methyl-beta-cyclodextrin packed bed. The maximum drug loading obtained in this work was 10.8 wt.%, which was comparable to that of a 1:1 complex (13.6 wt.% of ibuprofen). The complex exhibited instantaneous dissolution profiles in water solution. The enhanced dissolution rate was attributed to the amorphous character and improved wettability of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Charoenchaitrakool
- School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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Schöniger S, Kopp MDA, Schomerus C, Maronde E, Dehghani F, Meiniel A, Rodríguez M, Korf HW, Nürnberger F. Effects of neuroactive substances on the activity of subcommissural organ cells in dispersed cell and explant cultures. Cell Tissue Res 2002; 307:101-14. [PMID: 11810318 DOI: 10.1007/s004410100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2001] [Accepted: 08/21/2001] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The subcommissural organ (SCO), an ependymal (glial) circumventricular organ, releases glycoproteins into the cerebrospinal fluid; however, the regulation of its secretory activity is largely unknown. To identify neuroactive substances that may regulate SCO activity, we investigated immunocytochemically identified bovine SCO cells by means of calcium imaging. This analysis was focused on: (1) serotonin (5HT) and substance P (SP), immunocytochemically shown to be present in axons innervating the bovine SCO; and (2) ATP, known to activate glial cells. 5HT had no effect on the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), and its precise role remains to be clarified. SP elicited rises in [Ca(2+)](i) in approx. 30% and ATP in even 85% of the analyzed SCO cells. These effects were dose-dependent, involved NK(3) and P2Y(2) receptors linked to G protein and phospholipase C (PLC) activation, and could not be mimicked by forskolin or 8-bromo-cAMP. In 50% of the SP-sensitive cells, the increases in [Ca(2+)](i) comprised calcium release from thapsigargin-sensitive intracellular stores and an influx of extracellular calcium via protein kinase C (PKC)-induced opening of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). In the remaining SP-sensitive cells, the increase in [Ca(2+)](i) was caused exclusively by influx of extracellular calcium via VGCCs of the L-type. In all ATP-sensitive cells the increase in [Ca(2+)](i) involved calcium release from thapsigargin-sensitive intracellular stores and a PKC-mediated influx of extracellular calcium via L-type VGCCs. Our data suggest that SP and ATP are involved in regulation of the activity of SCO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schöniger
- Institut für Anatomie II, Fachbereich Medizin, J.W. Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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24
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Kopp MD, Meissl H, Dehghani F, Korf HW. The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide modulates glutamatergic calcium signalling: investigations on rat suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons. J Neurochem 2001; 79:161-71. [PMID: 11595768 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00553.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms generated by the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) are synchronized with the external light/dark cycle by photic information transmitted directly from the retina via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT). The RHT contains the neurotransmitters glutamate and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), which code chemically for 'light' or 'darkness' information, respectively. We investigated interactions of PACAP and glutamate by analysing effects on the second messenger calcium in individual SCN neurons using the Fura-2 technique. PACAP did not affect NMDA-mediated calcium increases, but influenced signalling cascades of non-NMDA glutamate receptors, which in turn can regulate NMDA receptors. On the one hand, PACAP amplified/induced glutamate-dependent calcium increases by interacting with alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA)/kainate signalling. This was not related to direct PACAPergic effects on the second messengers cAMP and calcium. On the other hand, PACAP reduced/inhibited calcium increases elicited by glutamate acting on metabotropic receptors. cAMP analogues mimicked this inhibition. Most neurons displaying PACAPergic neuromodulation were immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, which is a marker for retinorecipient SCN neurons. The observed PACAPergic effects provide a broad range of interactions that allow a fine-tuning of the endogenous clock by the integration of 'light' and 'darkness' information on the level of single SCN neurons.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/pharmacology
- Drug Interactions
- Fluorescent Dyes
- Fura-2
- Glutamic Acid/pharmacology
- Glutamic Acid/physiology
- N-Methylaspartate/physiology
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neuropeptides/pharmacology
- Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Glutamate/drug effects
- Receptors, Glutamate/physiology
- Receptors, Kainic Acid/drug effects
- Receptors, Kainic Acid/physiology
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/drug effects
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/physiology
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/drug effects
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/cytology
- alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid/metabolism
- alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Kopp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Hirnforschung, Frankfurt, Germany
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25
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Hailer NP, Wirjatijasa F, Roser N, Hischebeth GT, Korf HW, Dehghani F. Astrocytic factors protect neuronal integrity and reduce microglial activation in an in vitro model of N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced excitotoxic injury in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Eur J Neurosci 2001; 14:315-26. [PMID: 11553282 DOI: 10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute CNS lesions lead to neuronal injury and a parallel glial activation that is accompanied by the release of neurotoxic substances. The extent of the original neuronal damage can therefore be potentiated in a process called secondary damage. As astrocytes are known to secrete immunomodulatory and neuroprotective substances, we investigated whether astrocytic factors can attenuate the amount of neuronal injury as well as the degree of microglial activation in a model of excitotoxic neurodegeneration. Treatment of organotypic hippocampal slice cultures with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) resulted in a reproducible loss of viable granule cells, partial destruction of the regular hippocampal cytoarchitecture and a concomitant accumulation of amoeboid microglial cells at sites of neuronal damage. Astrocyte-conditioned media reduced the amount of NMDA-induced neuronal injury by 45.3%, diminished the degree of microglial activation and resulted in an improved preservation of the hippocampal cytoarchitecture. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta failed to act as a neuroprotectant and even enhanced the amount of neuronal injury by 52.5%. Direct effects of astrocytic factors on isolated microglial cells consisted of increased microglial ramification and down-regulated expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, whereas incubation with TGF-beta had no such effects. In summary, our findings show that hitherto unidentified astrocyte-derived factors that are probably not identical with TGF-beta can substantially enhance neuronal survival, either by eliciting direct neuroprotective effects or by modulating the microglial response to neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Hailer
- University Hospital for Orthopaedic Surgery, Friedrichsheim, Marienburgstr. 2, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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26
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von Gall C, Schneider-Hüther I, Pfeffer M, Dehghani F, Korf HW, Stehle JH. Clock gene protein mPER1 is rhythmically synthesized and under cAMP control in the mouse pineal organ. J Neuroendocrinol 2001; 13:313-6. [PMID: 11264717 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2826.2001.00643.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian clock gene Per1 is an important element of endogenous oscillators that control daily rhythms in central and peripheral tissues. Although such autonomous clock function is lost in the mammalian pineal gland during evolution, mPer1 mRNA and mPER1 protein were found to be strongly elevated in the mouse pineal organ during the dark period compared to daytime values. In vitro studies showed that mPer1 mRNA and mPER1 protein in mouse pineal gland are induced following the activation of a signalling pathway of fundamental importance for pineal physiology, the norepinephrine/cAMP/phosphoCREB cascade. mPER1 may function in the mouse pineal gland as a time-measuring molecule to participate in regulating rhythmic cellular responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C von Gall
- Institute of Anatomy II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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27
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Fleming I, Michaelis UR, Bredenkötter D, Fisslthaler B, Dehghani F, Brandes RP, Busse R. Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor synthase (Cytochrome P450 2C9) is a functionally significant source of reactive oxygen species in coronary arteries. Circ Res 2001; 88:44-51. [PMID: 11139472 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.88.1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the porcine coronary artery, a cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozyme homologous to CYP 2C8/9 has been identified as an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) synthase. As some CYP enzymes are reported to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), we hypothesized that the coronary EDHF synthase may modulate vascular homeostasis by the simultaneous production of ROS and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. In bradykinin-stimulated coronary arteries, antisense oligonucleotides against CYP 2C almost abolished EDHF-mediated responses but potentiated nitric oxide (NO)-mediated relaxation. The selective CYP 2C9 inhibitor sulfaphenazole and the superoxide anion (O(2-)) scavengers Tiron and nordihydroguaretic acid also induced a leftward shift in the NO-mediated concentration-relaxation curve to bradykinin. CYP activity and O(2-) production, determined in microsomes prepared from cells overexpressing CYP 2C9, were almost completely inhibited by sulfaphenazole. Sulfaphenazole did not alter the activity of either CYP 2C8, the leukocyte NADPH oxidase, or xanthine oxidase. ROS generation in coronary artery rings, visualized using either ethidium or dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, was detected under basal conditions. The endothelial signal was attenuated by CYP 2C antisense treatment as well as by sulfaphenazole. In isolated coronary endothelial cells, bradykinin elicited a sulfaphenazole-sensitive increase in ROS production. Although 11,12 epoxyeicosatrienoic acid attenuated the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB in cultured human endothelial cells, nuclear factor-kappaB activity was enhanced after the induction or overexpression of CYP 2C9, as was the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. These results suggest that a CYP isozyme homologous to CYP 2C9 is a physiologically relevant generator of ROS in coronary endothelial cells and modulates both vascular tone and homeostasis.
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MESH Headings
- 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid/pharmacology
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/analogs & derivatives
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Bradykinin/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Coronary Vessels/drug effects
- Coronary Vessels/enzymology
- Coronary Vessels/physiology
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/drug effects
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism
- Cytochrome P450 Family 2
- DNA, Antisense/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- NADPH Oxidases/drug effects
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/physiology
- Oxygenases/drug effects
- Oxygenases/genetics
- Oxygenases/metabolism
- Potassium Chloride/pharmacology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Sulfaphenazole/pharmacology
- Swine
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Xanthine Oxidase/drug effects
- Xanthine Oxidase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fleming
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
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28
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Charoenchaitrakool M, Dehghani F, Foster NR, Chan HK. Micronization by Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions to Enhance the Dissolution Rates of Poorly Water-Soluble Pharmaceuticals. Ind Eng Chem Res 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ie000151a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Charoenchaitrakool
- School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, 2052
| | - F. Dehghani
- School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, 2052
| | - N. R. Foster
- School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, 2052
| | - H. K. Chan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, 2006
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29
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Thal DR, Schultz C, Dehghani F, Yamaguchi H, Braak H, Braak E. Amyloid beta-protein (Abeta)-containing astrocytes are located preferentially near N-terminal-truncated Abeta deposits in the human entorhinal cortex. Acta Neuropathol 2000; 100:608-17. [PMID: 11078212 DOI: 10.1007/s004010000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of the amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abeta is a peptide consisting of 39-43 amino acids and is derived by beta- and gamma-secretase cleavage from the Abeta protein precursor (AbetaPP). An N-terminal-truncated form of Abeta can occur following alpha- and gamma-secretase cleavage of AbetaPP. Fleecy amyloid is a recently identified distinct type of Abeta deposits occurring in the internal layers (pri-alpha, pri-beta and pri-gamma) of the human entorhinal cortex. Fleecy amyloid consists exclusively of N-terminal-truncated Abeta and is a transient form of Abeta deposits, which disappears in late-stage beta-amyloidosis. In this study, the entorhinal cortex of 15 cases with AD-related pathology was used to examine astrocytes in the vicinity of N-terminal-truncated Abeta in fleecy amyloid of the layers pri-alpha, pri-beta, and pri-gamma in comparison to astrocytes in the vicinity of full-length Abeta in layers pre-beta and pre-gamma. Immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies directed against AbetaPP, Abeta40, Abeta42, APbeta17-24, Abeta1-17 and Abeta8-17 as well as by double-labeling with antibodies directed against Abeta17-24, Abeta42, and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP). A large number of GFAP-positive astrocytes containing N-terminal-truncated Abeta fragments appeared in the vicinity of N-terminal-truncated Abeta, whereas Abeta-containing astrocytes were rarely seen in the vicinity of full-length Abeta. These results suggest that N-terminal-truncated Abeta peptide may be cleared preferentially from the extracellular space by astrocytic uptake and processing. Such an astroglial uptake of N-terminal-truncated Abeta may account for the transient nature of fleecy amyloid and point to the use of N-terminal truncation of Abeta in potential therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing the brain from amassing full-length Abeta deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Thal
- Department of Anatomy, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
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30
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Warwick B, Dehghani F, Foster NR, Biffin JR, Regtop HL. Synthesis, Purification, and Micronization of Pharmaceuticals Using the Gas Antisolvent Technique. Ind Eng Chem Res 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ie000189n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Bustami RT, Chan HK, Dehghani F, Foster NR. Generation of micro-particles of proteins for aerosol delivery using high pressure modified carbon dioxide. Pharm Res 2000; 17:1360-6. [PMID: 11205728 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007551006782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility of using the Aerosol Solvent Extraction System (ASES) to generate microparticles of proteins suitable for aerosol delivery from aqueous-based solutions. METHODS The ASES technique using high-pressure carbon dioxide modified with ethanol was utilised for the generation of microparticles of proteins (lysozyme, albumin, insulin and recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase)) from aqueous solutions. Particle size, morphology, size distributions and powder aerosol performance were examined. The biochemical integrity of the processed proteins was assessed by testing the level of molecular aggregation using size exclusion chromatography and by bioassay technique for lysozyme. RESULTS Proteins were precipitated as spherical particles ranging in size from 100 to 500 nm. The primary nano-sized particles agglomerated to form micron-sized particles during the precipitation process. The median size of the particles was a function of the operating conditions. In-vitro aerosol performance tests showed that the percent fine particle mass (< 5 microm) was approximately 65%, 40% and 20% for lysozyme, albumin and insulin, respectively. Negligible loss in the monomer content or biological activity was observed for lysozyme. Insulin exhibited slight aggregation and 93% of the monomer was retained after processing. Albumin was affected by processing and only 50-75% of the monomer was retained compared with 86% in the original material. However, rhDNase was substantially denatured during processing as shown by the significantly reduced monomer content. CONCLUSIONS Micron-sized particles of lysozyme, albumin and insulin with satisfactory inhalation performance were successfully generated from aqueous solutions using the modified ASES technique. The biochemical integrity of the processed proteins was a function of the operating conditions and the nature of the individual protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Bustami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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32
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Dehghani F, Maronde E, Schachenmayr W, Korf HW. Neurofilament H immunoreaction in oligodendrogliomas as demonstrated by a new polyclonal antibody. Acta Neuropathol 2000; 100:122-30. [PMID: 10963358 DOI: 10.1007/s004010050003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have characterized a new polyclonal antibody against heavy chain (H) of neurofilament which can be used to demonstrate neurofilament H in normal brain tissue and oligodendroglioma cells immunocytochemically and immunochemically. Using this antibody we found neurofilament H-immunoreactive tumor cells in 13 oligodendrogliomas (6 WHO grade II, 7 WHO grade III) out of 84 oligodendrogliomas investigated (59 WHO grade II and 25 WHO grade III). Double immunolabeling and confocal laser scanning microscopy showed colocalization of neurofilament H and glial fibrillary acidic protein in certain oligodendroglioma cells. Colocalization of neurofilament and synaptophysin was observed only rarely. The results support the notion that oligodendrogliomas consists of a heterogeneous cell population displaying various stages of differentiation and dedifferentiation. The occurrence of neurofilament H-immunoreactive tumor cells in oligodendrogliomas is not related to the survival of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dehghani
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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33
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Görlach A, Brandes RP, Nguyen K, Amidi M, Dehghani F, Busse R. A gp91phox containing NADPH oxidase selectively expressed in endothelial cells is a major source of oxygen radical generation in the arterial wall. Circ Res 2000; 87:26-32. [PMID: 10884368 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.87.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in regulating vascular tone and intracellular signaling; the enzymes producing ROS in the vascular wall are, however, poorly characterized. We investigated whether a functionally active NADPH oxidase similar to the leukocyte enzyme, ie, containing the subunits p22phox and gp91phox, is expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a stimulus for leukocyte NADPH oxidase, increased ROS generation in cultured ECs and endothelium-intact rat aortic segments, but not in SMCs or endothelium-denuded arteries. NADPH enhanced chemiluminescence in all preparations. p22phox mRNA and protein was detected in ECs and SMCs, whereas the expression of gp91phox was confined to ECs. Endothelial gp91phox was identical to the leukocyte form as determined by sequence analysis. In contrast, mitogenic oxidase-1 (mox1) was expressed in SMCs, but not in ECs. To determine the functional relevance of gp91phox expression, experiments were performed in aortic segments from wild-type, gp91phox(-/-), and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)(-/-) mice. PMA-induced ROS generation was comparable in aortae from wild-type and eNOS(-/-) mice, but was attenuated in segments from gp91phox(-/-) mice. Endothelium-dependent relaxation was greater in aortae from gp91phox(-/-) than from wild-type mice. The ROS scavenger tiron increased endothelium-dependent relaxation in segments from wild-type, but not from gp91phox(-/-) mice. These data demonstrate that ECs, in contrast to SMCs, express a gp91phox-containing leukocyte-type NADPH oxidase. This enzyme is a major source for arterial ROS generation and affects the bioavailability of endothelium-derived NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Görlach
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Institut für Anatomie II (F.D.), Klinikum der J.W. Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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34
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Maronde E, Pfeffer M, von Gall C, Dehghani F, Schomerus C, Wicht H, Kroeber S, Olcese J, Stehle JH, Korf HW. Signal transduction in the rodent pineal organ. From the membrane to the nucleus. Adv Exp Med Biol 2000; 460:109-31. [PMID: 10810507 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-46814-x_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The rodent pineal organ transduces a photoneural input into a hormonal output. This photoneuroendocrine transduction leads to highly elevated levels of the hormone melatonin at night-time which serves as a message for darkness. The melatonin rhythm depends on transcriptional, translational and posttranslational regulation of the arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase, the key enzyme of melatonin biosynthesis. These regulatory mechanisms are fundamentally linked to two second messenger systems, namely the cAMP- and the Ca(2+)-signal transduction pathways. Our data gained by molecular biology, immunohistochemistry and single-cell imaging demonstrate a time- and substance-specific activation of these signaling pathways and provide a framework for the understanding of the complex signal transduction cascades in the rodent pineal gland which in concert not only regulate the basic profile but also fine-tune the circadian rhythm in melatonin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Maronde
- Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie, Anatomisches Institut II, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
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35
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Schultz C, Dehghani F, Hubbard GB, Thal DR, Struckhoff G, Braak E, Braak H. Filamentous tau pathology in nerve cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes of aged baboons. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2000; 59:39-52. [PMID: 10744034 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/59.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular filamentous inclusions containing abnormally phosphorylated tau protein are hallmarks of several human neurodegenerative disorders. This study reveals tau-positive cytoskeletal abnormalities in neurons and glial cells of aged baboons. The brains of four baboons (Papio hamadryas, 20-30 yr of age) were examined using the Gallyas silver technique for neurofibrillary changes and phosphorylation-dependent anti-tau antibodies (AT8, AT100, AT270, PHF-1, TG-3). Conspicuous changes were noted in two animals, 26 and 30 yr of age. In both animals, a combination of neuronal and glial cytoskeletal pathology was seen preferentially affecting limbic brain areas, including the hippocampal formation. In the 30-yr-old animal, numerous tau-positive inclusions were seen in the granule cells of the fascia dentata. These cells even exhibited an accumulation of argyrophilic neurofibrillary tangles. The glial changes affected both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Tau-positive astrocytes were seen in perivascular, subpial, and subependymal locations. Tau-positive oligodendrocytes preferentially occurred in limbic fiber tracts including the entorhinal perforant path. Ultrastructurally, tau-positive straight filaments (10-14 nm) in both neurons and glial cells were revealed by anti-tau immunoelectron microscopy. This study thus indicates the potential usefulness of aged baboons for experimental investigation of neuronal and glial filamentous tau pathology. This nonhuman primate species may provide valuable information pertinent to the broad spectrum of human tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schultz
- Department of Anatomy, Johann-Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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36
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Maronde E, Wicht H, Taskén K, Genieser HG, Dehghani F, Olcese J, Korf HW. CREB phosphorylation and melatonin biosynthesis in the rat pineal gland: involvement of cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase type II. J Pineal Res 1999; 27:170-82. [PMID: 10535767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.1999.tb00613.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) at amino acid serine 133 appears as an important link between the norepinephrine (NE)-induced activation of second messenger systems and the stimulation of melatonin biosynthesis. Here we investigated in the rat pineal gland: 1) the type of protein kinase that mediates CREB phosphorylation: and 2) its impact on melatonin biosynthesis. Immunochemical or immunocytochemical demonstration of serine133-phosphorylated cyclic AMP regulated element binding protein (pCREB) and radioimmunological detection of melatonin revealed that only cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitors suppressed NE-induced CREB phosphorylation and stimulation of melatonin biosynthesis, whereas inhibitors of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, protein kinase C, or calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) were ineffective. Investigations with cyclic AMP-agonist pairs that selectively activate either PKA type I or II link NE-induced CREB phosphorylation and stimulation of melatonin biosynthesis to the activation of PKA type II. Our data suggest that PKA type II plays an important role in the transcriptional control of melatonin biosynthesis in the rat pineal organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Maronde
- Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie, Anatomisches Institut II, J.W. Goethe Universität, Frankfurt, FRG
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37
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Abstract
The three most common methods of sterilization in use today are ethylene oxide exposure, gamma-irradiation, and steam sterilization. Each of these methods has serious limitations for the sterilization of some materials used in medicine, especially thermally and hydrolytically sensitive polymers by themselves and in combination with proteins. In this work, we demonstrate a potential new method of sterilization by using supercritical fluid carbon dioxide. Using this method we achieve complete inactivation of a wide variety of bacterial organisms at moderate temperatures and in the absence of organic solvents or irradiation. Sterilization is a function of both the proximity to the fluid's critical point and the chemical nature of the fluid itself. When biodegradable polymers poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid and polylactic acid were included in the sterilization process, there was no effect on the inactivation efficiency, yet no physical or chemical damage to these thermally and hydrolytically labile materials was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Dillow
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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38
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Maronde E, Pfeffer M, Olcese J, Molina CA, Schlotter F, Dehghani F, Korf HW, Stehle JH. Transcription factors in neuroendocrine regulation: rhythmic changes in pCREB and ICER levels frame melatonin synthesis. J Neurosci 1999; 19:3326-36. [PMID: 10212292 PMCID: PMC6782257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/1998] [Revised: 02/05/1999] [Accepted: 02/11/1999] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter-driven activation of transcription factors is important for control of neuronal and neuroendocrine functions. We show with an in vivo approach that the norepinephrine cAMP-dependent rhythmic hormone production in rat pineal gland is accompanied by a temporally regulated switch in the ratio of a transcriptional activator, phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (pCREB), and a transcriptional inhibitor, inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER). pCREB accumulates endogenously at the beginning of the dark period and declines during the second half of the night. Concomitant with this decline, the amount of ICER rises. The changing ratio between pCREB and ICER shapes the in vivo dynamics in mRNA and, thus, protein levels of arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase, the rate-limiting enzyme of melatonin synthesis. Consequently, a silenced ICER expression in pinealocytes leads to a disinhibited arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase transcription and a primarily enhanced melatonin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Maronde
- Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie, Institute for Anatomy II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Kopp MD, Schomerus C, Dehghani F, Korf HW, Meissl H. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and melatonin in the suprachiasmatic nucleus: effects on the calcium signal transduction cascade. J Neurosci 1999; 19:206-19. [PMID: 9870951 PMCID: PMC6782373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) harbors an endogenous oscillator generating circadian rhythms that are synchronized to the external light/dark cycle by photic information transmitted via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT). The RHT has recently been shown to contain pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) as neurotransmitter/neuromodulator. PACAPergic effects on cAMP-mediated signaling events in the SCN are restricted to distinct time windows and sensitive to melatonin. In neurons isolated from the SCN of neonatal rats we investigated by means of the fura-2 technique whether PACAP and melatonin also influence the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). PACAP elicited increases of [Ca2+]i in 27% of the analyzed neurons, many of which were also responsive to the RHT neurotransmitters glutamate and/or substance P. PACAP-induced changes of [Ca2+]i were independent of cAMP, because they were not mimicked by forskolin or 8-bromo-cAMP. PACAP caused G-protein- and phospholipase C-mediated calcium release from inositol-trisphosphate-sensitive stores and subsequent protein kinase C-mediated calcium influx, demonstrated by treatment with GDP-beta-S, neomycin, U-73122, calcium-free saline, thapsigargin, bisindolylmaleimide, and chelerythrine. The calcium influx was insensitive to antagonists of voltage-gated calcium channels of the L-, N-, P-, Q- and T-type (diltiazem, nifedipine, verapamil, omega-conotoxin, omega-agatoxin, amiloride). Immunocytochemical characterization of the analyzed cells revealed that >50% of the PACAP-sensitive neurons were GABA-immunopositive. Our data demonstrate that in the SCN PACAP affects the [Ca2+]i, suggesting that different signaling pathways (calcium as well as cAMP) are involved in PACAPergic neurotransmission or neuromodulation. Melatonin did not interfere with calcium signaling, indicating that in SCN neurons the hormone primarily affects the cAMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Kopp
- Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie, Anatomisches Institut II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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40
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von Gall C, Duffield GE, Hastings MH, Kopp MD, Dehghani F, Korf HW, Stehle JH. CREB in the mouse SCN: a molecular interface coding the phase-adjusting stimuli light, glutamate, PACAP, and melatonin for clockwork access. J Neurosci 1998; 18:10389-97. [PMID: 9852576 PMCID: PMC6793329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a central pacemaker in mammals, driving many endogenous circadian rhythms. An important pacemaker target is the regulation of a hormonal message for darkness, the circadian rhythm in melatonin synthesis. The endogenous clock within the SCN is synchronized to environmental light/dark cycles by photic information conveyed via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) and by the nocturnal melatonin signal that acts within a feedback loop. We investigated how melatonin intersects with the temporally gated resetting actions of two RHT transmitters, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and glutamate. We analyzed immunocytochemically the inducible phosphorylation of the transcription factor Ca2+/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the SCN of a melatonin-proficient (C3H) and a melatonin-deficient (C57BL) mouse strain. In vivo, light-induced phase shifts in locomotor activity were consistently accompanied by CREB phosphorylation in the SCN of both strains. However, in the middle of subjective nighttime, light induced larger phase delays in C57BL than in C3H mice. In vitro, PACAP and glutamate induced CREB phosphorylation in the SCN of both mouse strains, with PACAP being more effective during late subjective daytime and glutamate being more effective during subjective nighttime. Melatonin suppressed PACAP- but not glutamate-induced phosphorylation of CREB. The distinct temporal domains during which glutamate and PACAP induce CREB phosphorylation imply that during the light/dark transition the SCN switches sensitivity between these two RHT transmitters. Because these temporal domains are not different between C3H and C57BL mice, the sensitivity windows are set independently of the rhythmic melatonin signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- C von Gall
- Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie, Anatomisches Institut II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Dehghani F, Schachenmayr W, Laun A, Korf HW. Prognostic implication of histopathological, immunohistochemical and clinical features of oligodendrogliomas: a study of 89 cases. Acta Neuropathol 1998; 95:493-504. [PMID: 9600596 DOI: 10.1007/s004010050830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Histopathological, immunohistochemical and clinical parameters were correlated with survival in 89 cases of oligodendroglioma (65 patients with grade II and 24 patients with grade III of the WHO classification). Median survival time and 5-year survival rate were 3.5 years and 76% for patients with oligodendroglioma grade II and 0.875 years and 23% for patients with oligodendroglioma grade III. The tumor biopsy specimens were immunohistochemically analyzed for Ki 67 (MIB-1), vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and synaptophysin. MIB-1 nuclear labeling index ranged from 0.0% to 33.4%; vimentin-immunoreactive tumor cells were found in 25 cases. MIB-1 nuclear labeling index and vimentin immunoreaction showed a significant statistical correlation to the 5-year survival rate of the patients. Tumors with vimentin expression (n=25) and/or high MIB-1 labeling index (n=26) had a poorer prognosis than tumors lacking vimentin expression (n=57) and/or displaying a low MIB-1 labeling index (n=56). The expression of immunoreactivity for GFAP (n=53), NSE (n=23) and synaptophysin (n=15) appeared to be of no prognostic relevance. Patients with gross total tumor resection (n=47) had a median survival time and 5-year survival rate of 3.3 years and 84% compared to 1.2 years and 42% for patients with subtotal resection (n=41). The comparison between patients who underwent surgery alone (n=53) and those who had surgery plus postoperative radiation therapy showed no significant survival benefit from postoperative radiation therapy. In conclusion, tumor grade, MIB-1 labeling index, expression of vimentin and the extent of surgery are shown to be of prognostic relevance for patients with oligodendroglioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dehghani
- Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie, Anatomisches Institut II, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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