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Yu NN, Park G. Nitric Oxide in Fungi: Production and Function. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:155. [PMID: 38392826 PMCID: PMC10889981 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized in all kingdoms of life, where it plays a role in the regulation of various physiological and developmental processes. In terms of endogenous NO biology, fungi have been less well researched than mammals, plants, and bacteria. In this review, we summarize and discuss the studies to date on intracellular NO biosynthesis and function in fungi. Two mechanisms for NO biosynthesis, NO synthase (NOS)-mediated arginine oxidation and nitrate- and nitrite-reductase-mediated nitrite reduction, are the most frequently reported. Furthermore, we summarize the multifaceted functions of NO in fungi as well as its role as a signaling molecule in fungal growth regulation, development, abiotic stress, virulence regulation, and metabolism. Finally, we present potential directions for future research on fungal NO biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Yu
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyungsoon Park
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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2
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Tian Z, Wang X, Li Y, Xi Y, He M, Guo Y. Co-inoculation of Soybean Seedling with Trichoderma asperellum and Irpex laceratus Promotes the Absorption of Nitrogen and Phosphorus. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:87. [PMID: 38311653 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03571-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Soybean are one of the main oil crops in the world. The study demonstrated that co-inoculation with Trichoderma asperellum (Sordariomycetes, Hypocreomycetidae) and Irpex laceratus (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) isolated from Kosteletzkya virginica can promote the growth of soybean seedlings. The two fungi were found to produce various enzymes, including cellulase, amylase, laccase, protease, and urease. Upon inoculation, T. asperellum mainly colonized within the phloem of the roots in soybean seedlings, while I. laceratus mainly in the xylem and phloem of the roots. Physiological parameters, such as plant height, root length, and fresh weight, were significantly increased in soybean seedlings co-inoculated with T. asperellum and I. laceratus. Moreover, the expression of key genes related to N and P absorption and metabolism was also increased, leading to improved N and P utilization efficiency in soybean seedlings. These results indicate that the two fungi may have complementary roles in promoting plant growth, co-inoculation with T. asperellum and I. laceratus can enhance the growth and nutrient uptake of soybean. These findings suggest that T. asperellum and I. laceratus have the potential to be used as bio-fertilizers to improve soybean growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyuan Tian
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yanyi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yu Xi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mengting He
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Asha S, Kattupalli D, Vijayanathan M, Soniya EV. Identification of nitric oxide mediated defense signaling and its microRNA mediated regulation during Phytophthora capsici infection in black pepper. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:33-47. [PMID: 38435849 PMCID: PMC10901764 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide plays a significant role in the defense signaling during pathogen interaction in plants. Quick wilt disease is a devastating disease of black pepper, and leads to sudden mortality of pepper vines in plantations. In this study, the role of nitric oxide was studied during Phytophthora capsici infection in black pepper variety Panniyur-1. Nitric oxide was detected from the different histological sections of P. capsici infected leaves. Furthermore, the genome-wide transcriptome analysis characterized typical domain architect and structural features of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitric oxide associated 1 (NOA1) gene that are involved in nitric oxide biosynthesis in black pepper. Despite the upregulation of nitrate reductase (Pn1_NR), a reduced expression of Pn1_NOA1 was detected in the P. capsici infected black pepper leaf. Subsequent sRNAome-assisted in silico analysis revealed possible microRNA mediated regulation of Pn1_NOA mRNAs. Furthermore, sRNA/miRNA mediated cleavage on Pn1_NOA1 mRNA was validated through modified 5' RLM RACE experiments. Several hormone-responsive cis-regulatory elements involved in stress response was detected from the promoter regions of Pn_NOA1, Pn_NR1 and Pn_NR2 genes. Our results revealed the role of nitric oxide during stress response of P. capsici infection in black pepper, and key genes involved in nitric oxide biosynthesis and their post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01414-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Asha
- Transdisciplinary Biology, Plant Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India
- Present Address: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala Agricultural University, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Divya Kattupalli
- Transdisciplinary Biology, Plant Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India
| | - Mallika Vijayanathan
- Transdisciplinary Biology, Plant Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India
- Present Address: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Capital Region, Denmark
| | - E. V. Soniya
- Transdisciplinary Biology, Plant Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India
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Houmani H, Corpas FJ. Can nutrients act as signals under abiotic stress? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108313. [PMID: 38171136 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Plant cells are in constant communication to coordinate development processes and environmental reactions. Under stressful conditions, such communication allows the plant cells to adjust their activities and development. This is due to intercellular signaling events which involve several components. In plant development, cell-to-cell signaling is ensured by mobile signals hormones, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), or hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as well as several transcription factors and small RNAs. Mineral nutrients, including macro and microelements, are determinant factors for plant growth and development and are, currently, recognized as potential signal molecules. This review aims to highlight the role of nutrients, particularly calcium, potassium, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron as signaling components with special attention to the mechanism of response against stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayet Houmani
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain; Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, PO Box 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
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Parwez R, Aqeel U, Aftab T, Khan MMA, Naeem M. Melatonin supplementation combats nickel-induced phytotoxicity in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. plants through metal accumulation reduction, upregulation of NO generation, antioxidant defence machinery and secondary metabolites. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107981. [PMID: 37639982 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) at a toxic level (80 mg kg-1 of soil) adversely affects the crop performance of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Melatonin (MEL), a potent plant growth regulator, is ascribed to offer promising roles in heavy metal stress alleviation. In this study, different doses viz. 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μM of MEL were administered to plants through foliage under normal and Ni-stress conditions. The experiment unveiled positive roles of MEL in enhancing root-shoot lengths, fresh-dry weights, seed yield and restoring photosynthetic efficiency assessed in terms of higher Fv/Fm, YII, qP, and lower NPQ values in plants exposed to Ni (80 mg kg-1). MEL supplementation (at 75 μM) effectively restricted Ni accumulation and regulated oxidative stress via modulation of MDA, O2-, H2O2 and NO generation, most prominently. Besides, MEL at 75 μM more conspicuously perked up the activities of antioxidant enzymes like SOD, POX, CAT and APX by 15.7, 20.0, 14.5 and 16.5% higher than the Ni-exposed plants for effective ROS scavenging. Likewise, MEL at 75 μM also efficiently counteracted Ni-generated osmotic stress, through an upscaled accumulation of proline (19.6%) along with the enhancement in the concentration of total phenols (13.6%), total tannins (11.2%), total flavonoids (25.5%) and total alkaloids (19.2%) in plant's leaves. Furthermore, under 80 mg kg-1 Ni stress, MEL at 75 μM improved the seed's trigonelline content by 40.1% higher compared to Ni-disturbed plants, upgrading the pharmacological actions of the plant. Thus, the present study deciphers the envisaged roles of MEL in the alleviation of Ni stress in plants to enhance overall crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukhsar Parwez
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Umra Aqeel
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Tariq Aftab
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - M Masroor A Khan
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - M Naeem
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Vlasova V, Lapina T, Statinov V, Ermilova E. N-Acetyl-L-glutamate Kinase of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: In Vivo Regulation by PII Protein and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12873. [PMID: 37629055 PMCID: PMC10454706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Acetyl-L-glutamate kinase (NAGK) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the ornithine/arginine biosynthesis pathway in eukaryotic and bacterial oxygenic phototrophs. NAGK is the most highly conserved target of the PII signal transduction protein in Cyanobacteria and Archaeplastida (red algae and Chlorophyta). However, there is still much to be learned about how NAGK is regulated in vivo. The use of unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model system has already been instrumental in identifying several key regulation mechanisms that control nitrogen (N) metabolism. With a combination of molecular-genetic and biochemical approaches, we show the existence of the complex CrNAGK control at the transcriptional level, which is dependent on N source and N availability. In growing cells, CrNAGK requires CrPII to properly sense the feedback inhibitor arginine. Moreover, we provide primary evidence that CrPII is only partly responsible for regulating CrNAGK activity to adapt to changing nutritional conditions. Collectively, our results suggest that in vivo CrNAGK is tuned at the transcriptional and post-translational levels, and CrPII and additional as yet unknown factor(s) are integral parts of this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elena Ermilova
- Biological Faculty, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.); (T.L.); (V.S.)
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7
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Zboińska M, Janeczko A, Kabała K. Involvement of NO in V-ATPase Regulation in Cucumber Roots under Control and Cadmium Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2884. [PMID: 37571036 PMCID: PMC10420687 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule that participates in plant adaptation to adverse environmental factors. This study aimed to clarify the role of NO in the regulation of vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) in the roots of cucumber seedlings grown under control and Cd stress conditions. In addition, the relationship between NO and salicylic acid (SA), as well as their interrelations with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), have been verified. The effect of NO on V-ATPase was studied by analyzing two enzyme activities, the expression level of selected VHA genes and the protein level of selected VHA subunits in plants treated with a NO donor (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) and NO biosynthesis inhibitors (tungstate, WO42- and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, L-NAME). Our results indicate that NO functions as a positive regulator of V-ATPase and that this regulation depends on NO generated by nitrate reductase and NOS-like activity. It was found that the mechanism of NO action is not related to changes in the gene expression or protein level of the V-ATPase subunits. The results suggest that in cucumber roots, NO signaling interacts with the SA pathway and, to a lesser extent, with two other known V-ATPase regulators, H2O2 and H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zboińska
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anna Janeczko
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Kabała
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland;
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Maia LB. Bringing Nitric Oxide to the Molybdenum World-A Personal Perspective. Molecules 2023; 28:5819. [PMID: 37570788 PMCID: PMC10420851 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum-containing enzymes of the xanthine oxidase (XO) family are well known to catalyse oxygen atom transfer reactions, with the great majority of the characterised enzymes catalysing the insertion of an oxygen atom into the substrate. Although some family members are known to catalyse the "reverse" reaction, the capability to abstract an oxygen atom from the substrate molecule is not generally recognised for these enzymes. Hence, it was with surprise and scepticism that the "molybdenum community" noticed the reports on the mammalian XO capability to catalyse the oxygen atom abstraction of nitrite to form nitric oxide (NO). The lack of precedent for a molybdenum- (or tungsten) containing nitrite reductase on the nitrogen biogeochemical cycle contributed also to the scepticism. It took several kinetic, spectroscopic and mechanistic studies on enzymes of the XO family and also of sulfite oxidase and DMSO reductase families to finally have wide recognition of the molybdoenzymes' ability to form NO from nitrite. Herein, integrated in a collection of "personal views" edited by Professor Ralf Mendel, is an overview of my personal journey on the XO and aldehyde oxidase-catalysed nitrite reduction to NO. The main research findings and the path followed to establish XO and AO as competent nitrite reductases are reviewed. The evidence suggesting that these enzymes are probable players of the mammalian NO metabolism is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B Maia
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Allagulova CR, Lubyanova AR, Avalbaev AM. Multiple Ways of Nitric Oxide Production in Plants and Its Functional Activity under Abiotic Stress Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11637. [PMID: 37511393 PMCID: PMC10380521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous signaling molecule that plays an important role in plant ontogenesis and responses to different stresses. The most widespread abiotic stress factors limiting significantly plant growth and crop yield are drought, salinity, hypo-, hyperthermia, and an excess of heavy metal (HM) ions. Data on the accumulation of endogenous NO under stress factors and on the alleviation of their negative effects under exogenous NO treatments indicate the perspectives of its practical application to improve stress resistance and plant productivity. This requires fundamental knowledge of the NO metabolism and the mechanisms of its biological action in plants. NO generation occurs in plants by two main alternative mechanisms: oxidative or reductive, in spontaneous or enzymatic reactions. NO participates in plant development by controlling the processes of seed germination, vegetative growth, morphogenesis, flower transition, fruit ripening, and senescence. Under stressful conditions, NO contributes to antioxidant protection, osmotic adjustment, normalization of water balance, regulation of cellular ion homeostasis, maintenance of photosynthetic reactions, and growth processes of plants. NO can exert regulative action by inducing posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins changing the activity of different enzymes or transcriptional factors, modulating the expression of huge amounts of genes, including those related to stress tolerance. This review summarizes the current data concerning molecular mechanisms of NO production and its activity in plants during regulation of their life cycle and adaptation to drought, salinity, temperature stress, and HM ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulpan R Allagulova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Alsu R Lubyanova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Azamat M Avalbaev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
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Graska J, Fidler J, Gietler M, Prabucka B, Nykiel M, Labudda M. Nitric Oxide in Plant Functioning: Metabolism, Signaling, and Responses to Infestation with Ecdysozoa Parasites. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:927. [PMID: 37508359 PMCID: PMC10376146 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that is involved in a wide range of physiological processes in plants, including responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Changes in endogenous NO concentration lead to activation/deactivation of NO signaling and NO-related processes. This paper presents the current state of knowledge on NO biosynthesis and scavenging pathways in plant cells and highlights the role of NO in post-translational modifications of proteins (S-nitrosylation, nitration, and phosphorylation) in plants under optimal and stressful environmental conditions. Particular attention was paid to the interactions of NO with other signaling molecules: reactive oxygen species, abscisic acid, auxins (e.g., indole-3-acetic acid), salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid. In addition, potential common patterns of NO-dependent defense responses against attack and feeding by parasitic and molting Ecdysozoa species such as nematodes, insects, and arachnids were characterized. Our review definitely highlights the need for further research on the involvement of NO in interactions between host plants and Ecdysozoa parasites, especially arachnids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Graska
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.F.); (M.G.); (B.P.); (M.N.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mateusz Labudda
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.F.); (M.G.); (B.P.); (M.N.)
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Hu L, Gao X, Li Y, Lyu J, Xiao X, Zhang G, Yu J. Nitric Oxide Induced by Ammonium/Nitrate Ratio Ameliorates Low-Light Stress in Brassica pekinesis: Regulation of Photosynthesis and Root Architecture. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087271. [PMID: 37108434 PMCID: PMC10138312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-light intensity affects plant growth and development and, finally, causes a decrease in yield and quality. There is a need for improved cropping strategies to solve the problem. We previously demonstrated that moderate ammonium:nitrate ratio (NH4+:NO3-) mitigated the adverse effect caused by low-light stress, although the mechanism behind this alleviation is unclear. The hypothesis that the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) induced by moderate NH4+:NO3- (10:90) involved in regulating photosynthesis and root architecture of Brassica pekinesis subjected to low-light intensity was proposed. To prove the hypothesis, a number of hydroponic experiments were conducted. The results showed that in plants exposed to low-light intensity, the exogenous donors NO (SNP) and NH4+:NO3- (N, 10:90) treatments significantly increased leaf area, growth range, and root fresh weight compared with nitrate treatment. However, the application of hemoglobin (Hb, NO scavenger), N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, NOS inhibitor), and sodium azide (NaN3, NR inhibitor) in N solution remarkably decreased the leaf area, canopy spread, the biomass of shoot and root, the surface area, and volume and tips of the root. The application of N solution and exogenous SNP significantly enhanced Pn (Net photosynthetic rate) and rETR (relative electron transport rates) compared with solo nitrate. While all these effects of N and SNP on photosynthesis, such as Pn, Fv/Fm (maximum quantum yield of PSII), Y(II) (actual photosynthetic efficiency), qP (photochemical quenching), and rETR were reversed when the application of Hb, L-NAME, and NaN3 in N solution. The results also showed that the N and SNP treatments were more conducive to maintaining cell morphology, chloroplast structure, and a higher degree of grana stacking of low-light treated plants. Moreover, the application of N significantly increased the NOS and NR activities, and the NO levels in the leaves and roots of mini Chinese cabbage seedlings treated with N were significantly higher than those in nitrate-treated plants. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that NO synthesis induced by the appropriate ammonia-nitrate ratio (NH4+:NO3- = 10:90) was involved in the regulation of photosynthesis and root structure of Brassica pekinesis under low-light stress, effectively alleviating low-light stress and contributing to the growth of mini Chinese cabbage under low-light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Hu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xueqin Gao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yutong Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xuemei Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Wang Y, Johnson GI, Postles A, Coyne KJ. Nitrate reductase enzymes in alga Chattonella subsalsa are regulated by environmental cues at the translational and post-translational levels. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1059074. [PMID: 36937302 PMCID: PMC10018130 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1059074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrate reductase (NR) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in nitrate assimilation. Plant and algal NRs have a highly conserved domain architecture but differ in regulation. In plants, NR activity is regulated by reversible phosphorylation and subsequent binding of 14-3-3 proteins at a conserved serine residue. Algal NRs typically lack 14-3-3 binding motifs, which have only recently been identified in a few algal species. Previous research indicates that the alga, Chattonella subsalsa, possesses a novel NR, NR2-2/2HbN (NR2), which incorporates a 2/2 hemoglobin domain. A second NR (NR3) in C. subsalsa lacks the cytochrome b5 (heme-Fe) domain but includes a putative binding motif for 14-3-3 proteins. The expression of NR2 and NR3 genes indicates that NR2 transcript abundance was regulated by light, nitrogen source, and temperature, while NR3 transcript levels were only regulated by light. Here, we measured total NR activity in C. subsalsa and the potential for regulation of NR activity by putative 14-3-3 binding proteins. Results indicate that NR activity in C. subsalsa was regulated by light, nitrogen source, and temperature at the translational level. NR activity was also regulated by endogenous rhythm and temperature at the post-translational level, supporting the hypothesis that NR3 is regulated by 14-3-3 binding proteins. Together with a previous report describing the regulation of NR gene expression in C. subsalsa, results suggest that C. subsalsa responds to environmental conditions by differential regulation of NRs at transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. This flexibility may provide a competitive advantage for this species in the environment. To date, this is the first report which provides evidence for the potential post-translational regulation of NR by 14-3-3 proteins in algal species and suggests that regulatory mechanisms for NR activity may be shared between plants and some algal species.
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Kaya C, Ugurlar F, Farooq S, Ashraf M, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Combined application of asparagine and thiourea improves tolerance to lead stress in wheat by modulating AsA-GSH cycle, lead detoxification and nitrogen metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 190:119-132. [PMID: 36113307 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb), like other heavy metals, is not essentially required for optimal plant growth; however, plants uptake it from the soil, which poses an adverse effect on growth and yield. Asparagine (Asp) and thiourea (Thi) are known to assuage the negative impacts of heavy metal pollution on plant growth; however, combined application of Asp and Thi has rarely been tested to discern if it could improve wheat yield under Pb stress. Thus, this experimentation tested the role of individual and combined applications of Asp (40 mM) and Thi (400 mg/L) in improving wheat growth under lead (Pb as PbCl2, 0.1 mM) stress. Lead stress significantly reduced plant growth, chlorophyll contents and photosystem system II (PSII) efficiency, whereas it increased Pb accumulation in the leaves and roots, leaf proline contents, phytochelatins, and oxidative stress related attributes. The sole or combined application of Asp and Thi increased the vital antioxidant biomolecules/enzymes, including reduced glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (AsA), ascorbate peroxsidase (APX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR). Furthermore, the sole or the combined application of Asp and Thi modulated nitrogen metabolism by stimulating the activities of nitrate and nitrite reductase, glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamine synthetase (GS). Asp and Thi together led to improve plant growth and vital physiological processes, but lowered down Pb accumulation compared to those by their sole application. The results suggest that Asp and Thi synergistically can improve wheat growth under Pb-toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Ugurlar
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Shahid Farooq
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, Sanlıurfa, 63250, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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14
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Allagulova CR, Avalbaev AM, Lubyanova AR, Lastochkina OV, Shakirova FM. Current Concepts of the Mechanisms of Nitric Oxide Formation in Plants. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 69:61. [DOI: 10.1134/s1021443722030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
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15
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Yi Y, Peng Y, Song T, Lu S, Teng Z, Zheng Q, Zhao F, Meng S, Liu B, Peng Y, Chen G, Zhang J, Ye N. NLP2-NR Module Associated NO Is Involved in Regulating Seed Germination in Rice under Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11060795. [PMID: 35336677 PMCID: PMC8953764 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress has the most severe impact on plant growth and development, including seed germination. However, little is known about the mechanism of NR (nitrate reductase)-associated nitric oxide (NO) regulates salt tolerance during seed germination in rice. Herein, we shown that inhibition of seed germination by salt stress was significantly impaired by sodium nitroferricyanide (SNP), a NO donor. Then a triple mutant, nr1/nr2/nr3, was generated. Results shown that germination of triple mutants were delayed and were much more sensitive to salt stress than WT plant, which can be rescued by application of SNP. qPCR analysis revealed that expressions of abscisic acid (ABA) catabolism gene, OsABA8ox1, was suppressed in triple mutants under salt stress, resulting in an elevated ABA content. Similar to SNP, application of nitrate also rescued seed germination under salt stress, which, however, was blocked in the triple mutants. Further study revealed that a nitrate responsive transcript factor, OsNLP2, was induced by salt stress, which thus up-regulates the expression of OsNRs and NR activity, resulting in promoted salt tolerance during seed germination. In addition, nitrate-mediated salt tolerance was impaired in mutant of aba8ox1, a target gene for NLP2. Transient trans-activation assays further revealed NLP2 can significantly activate the expression of OsABA8ox1 and OsNR1, suggesting that NLP2 activates expression of ABA catabolism gene directly or indirectly via NR-associated NO. Taken together, our results demonstrate that NLP2-NR associated NO was involved in salt response by increasing ABA catabolism during seed germination and highlight the importance of NO for stress tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yake Yi
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.L.); (Z.T.); (Q.Z.); (F.Z.); (S.M.); (B.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yaqiong Peng
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.L.); (Z.T.); (Q.Z.); (F.Z.); (S.M.); (B.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Tao Song
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Siqiong Lu
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.L.); (Z.T.); (Q.Z.); (F.Z.); (S.M.); (B.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Zhenning Teng
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.L.); (Z.T.); (Q.Z.); (F.Z.); (S.M.); (B.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Qin Zheng
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.L.); (Z.T.); (Q.Z.); (F.Z.); (S.M.); (B.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Fankai Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.L.); (Z.T.); (Q.Z.); (F.Z.); (S.M.); (B.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Shuan Meng
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.L.); (Z.T.); (Q.Z.); (F.Z.); (S.M.); (B.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Bohang Liu
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.L.); (Z.T.); (Q.Z.); (F.Z.); (S.M.); (B.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.L.); (Z.T.); (Q.Z.); (F.Z.); (S.M.); (B.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Guanghui Chen
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.L.); (Z.T.); (Q.Z.); (F.Z.); (S.M.); (B.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Nenghui Ye
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.P.); (S.L.); (Z.T.); (Q.Z.); (F.Z.); (S.M.); (B.L.); (Y.P.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice Stress Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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16
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Le QT, Lee WJ, Choi JH, Nguyen DT, Truong HA, Lee SA, Hong SW, Lee H. The Loss of Function of the NODULE INCEPTION-Like PROTEIN 7 Enhances Salt Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:743832. [PMID: 35140727 PMCID: PMC8818864 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.743832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants acquire nitrogen, an essential macronutrient, from the soil as nitrate. Since nitrogen availability is a major determinant of crop productivity, the soil is amended with nitrogenous fertilizers. Extensive use of irrigation can lead to the accumulation of salt in the soil, which compromises crop productivity. Our characterization of NODULE INCEPTION (NIN)-like PROTEIN 7 (NLP7), a transcription factor regulating the primary response to nitrate, revealed an intersection of salt stress and nitrate metabolism. The growth of loss-of-function mutant nlp7 was tolerant to high salinity that normally reduces the fresh weight and chlorophyll and protein content of wild type (Col-0). On a medium with high salinity, the nlp7 experienced less stress, accumulating less proline, producing less nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and expressing lower transcript levels of marker genes, such as RD29A and COR47, than Col-0. Nevertheless, more sodium ions were translocated to and accumulated in the shoots of nlp7 than that of Col-0. Since nlp7 also expressed less nitrate reductase (NR) activity, nitrate accumulated to abnormally high levels with or without salinity. We attributed the enhanced salt tolerance of nlp7 to the balanced accumulation of nitrate anions and sodium cations. Our results suggest that nitrate metabolism and signaling might be targeted to improve salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Tri Le
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Je Lee
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Ho Choi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dinh Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hai An Truong
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-A Lee
- Department of Forest Bio Resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Suk-Whan Hong
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hojoung Lee
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Li Q, You J, Qiao T, Zhong DB, Yu X. Sodium chloride stimulates the biomass and astaxanthin production by Haematococcus pluvialis via a two-stage cultivation strategy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126214. [PMID: 34715336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge facing by astaxanthin industrialization is the low productivity and high production costs. This study established a two-stage cultivation strategy based on the application of NaCl to improve the production of biomass and astaxanthin by Haematococcus pluvialis. During the first growth stage, 12.5 mg L-1 NaCl led to a remarkable enhancement in biomass, which was 1.28 times compared with the control. Moreover, 2 g L-1 NaCl stimulated the astaxanthin content from 12.18 mg g-1 to 25.92 mg g-1 during the second induction stage. Simultaneously, salinity stress application increased the lipids and GABA contents, as well as the levels of Ca2+ and carotenogenic genes' expression, but suppressed the contents of carbohydrate and protein and high-light induced-ROS. This study proposed a simple and convenient strategy for efficient coproduction of biomass and astaxanthin and provides insights into the underlying mechanism of astaxanthin biosynthesis in H. pluvialis induced by salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jinkun You
- Kunming Edible Fungi Institute of All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Tengsheng Qiao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Du-Bo Zhong
- Yunnan Yunce Quality Testing Co., Ltd, Kunming 650217, China
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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18
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Tsuchiya Y, Nakamura T, Izumi Y, Okazaki K, Shinano T, Kubo Y, Katsuhara M, Sasaki T, Yamamoto Y. Physiological Role of Aerobic Fermentation Constitutively Expressed in an Aluminum-Tolerant Cell Line of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1460-1477. [PMID: 34184745 PMCID: PMC8981456 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al)-tolerant tobacco cell line ALT301 derived from SL (wild-type) hardly exhibits Al-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared with SL. Molecular mechanism leading to this phenotype was investigated comparatively with SL. Under normal growth condition, metabolome data suggested the activation of glycolysis and lactate fermentation but the repression of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in ALT301, namely aerobic fermentation, which seemed to be transcriptionally controlled partly by higher expression of genes encoding lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. Microarray and gene ontology analyses revealed the upregulation of the gene encoding related to APETALA2.3 (RAP2.3)-like protein, one of the group VII ethylene response factors (ERFVIIs), in ALT301. ERFVII transcription factors are known to be key regulators for hypoxia response that promotes substrate-level ATP production by glycolysis and fermentation. ERFVIIs are degraded under normoxia by the N-end rule pathway of proteolysis depending on both oxygen and nitric oxide (NO), and NO is produced mainly by nitrate reductase (NR) in plants. In ALT301, levels of the NR gene expression (NIA2), NR activity and NO production were all lower compared with SL. Consistently, the known effects of NO on respiratory pathways were also repressed in ALT301. Under Al-treatment condition, NO level increased in both lines but was lower in ALT301. These results suggest that the upregulation of the RAP2.3-like gene and the downregulation of the NIA2 gene and resultant NO depletion in ALT301 coordinately enhance aerobic fermentation, which seems to be related to a higher capacity to prevent ROS production in mitochondria under Al stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Tsuchiya
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama
University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Takuji Nakamura
- Lowland Crop Rotation System Group, Division of
Lowland Farming Research, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center (HARC),
NARO, 1 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan
| | - Yohei Izumi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama
University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Keiki Okazaki
- Central Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO
(CARC/NARO), 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Takuro Shinano
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Graduate School of
Agriculture, Hokkaido University, N9, W9, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido
060-8589, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kubo
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life
Science, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Maki Katsuhara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama
University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sasaki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama
University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama
University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
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19
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Noureldeen A, Asif M, Ansari T, Khan F, Shariq M, Ahmad F, Mfarrej MFB, Khan A, Tariq M, Siddiqui MA, Al-Barty A, Darwish H. Effect of Individual, Simultaneous and Sequential Inoculation of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Meloidogyne incognita on Growth, Biochemical, Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Antioxidants of Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1145. [PMID: 34199744 PMCID: PMC8228199 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. K-21) to investigate the bioprotective nature of Pseudomonas fluorescens and its interactive effects with Meloidogyne incognita in terms of growth biomarkers, changes in biochemical attributes and modulation in antioxidant enzymes of the tomato plant. In this study, we grew tomato plants with M. incognita and P. fluorescens in separate pots, simultaneously and sequentially (15 days prior or post) after 15 days of seed sowing. The sequential inoculation of Mi15→Pf maximally increased the root-knot index and decreased the nematode population. It was also noted that inoculation suppressed the plant growth biomarkers in comparison to control. However, maximum suppression in nematode reproduction and increment in growth and physiological attributes were observed when P. fluorescens was applied 15 days prior to the nematode (Pf15→Mi) as compared to control. All the treatments showed an increase in antioxidant enzymes. Expression of phenol content and defensive enzymes such as peroxidase (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased, in contrast to a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents when compared with the untreated inoculated plants. However, the highest levels of POX and SOD, and a lowest of phenol, MDA and H2O2 were displayed in the treatment Pf15→Mi, followed by Mi+Pf and Mi15→Pf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Noureldeen
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.N.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Mohd Asif
- Plant Pathology and Nematology, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (T.A.); (F.K.); (M.S.); (F.A.); (A.K.); (M.A.S.)
- Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine and Homeopathy, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Taruba Ansari
- Plant Pathology and Nematology, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (T.A.); (F.K.); (M.S.); (F.A.); (A.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Faryad Khan
- Plant Pathology and Nematology, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (T.A.); (F.K.); (M.S.); (F.A.); (A.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Mohammad Shariq
- Plant Pathology and Nematology, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (T.A.); (F.K.); (M.S.); (F.A.); (A.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Faheem Ahmad
- Plant Pathology and Nematology, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (T.A.); (F.K.); (M.S.); (F.A.); (A.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Manar Fawzi Bani Mfarrej
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Amir Khan
- Plant Pathology and Nematology, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (T.A.); (F.K.); (M.S.); (F.A.); (A.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Moh Tariq
- Department of Botany, Lords University, Alwar 301028, India;
| | - Mansoor Ahmad Siddiqui
- Plant Pathology and Nematology, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (T.A.); (F.K.); (M.S.); (F.A.); (A.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Amal Al-Barty
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.N.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Hadeer Darwish
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
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20
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Pirooz P, Amooaghaie R, Ahadi A, Sharififar F. Silicon- induced nitric oxide burst modulates systemic defensive responses of Salvia officinalis under copper toxicity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:752-761. [PMID: 33799186 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the role of nitric oxide (NO) burst in modulating Si-induced defensive responses in leaves and roots of Salvia officinalis under copper (Cu) stress were investigated. The result showed that 400 μM Cu markedly reduced shoot dry weight, but increased electrolyte leakage (EL) in leaves and both Si and sodium nitroprusside (SNP as the NO donor) improved these attributes in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, Cu toxicity systemically boosted a NO burst in both roots and shoots and applying Si and SNP markedly intensified it. The application of Si and SNP alone as well as their combination improved growth parameters and systemically alleviated Cu-induced lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation through lowering Cu accumulation, increasing proline content, enhancing the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in both roots and leaves and up-regulating expression of SOD gene in leaves of S. officinalis. NO generation was substantially arrested and the responses induced by Si were significantly suppressed by pretreatment with 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxy l-3-oxide (cPTIO) as a NO scavenger, Nx-Nitro- L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) as a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, and tungstate as a nitrate reductase inhibitor. These novel results indicate that Si can induce Cu tolerance through triggering NO generation which systemically modulates defensive reactions in both roots and leaves of Salvia officinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariya Pirooz
- Plant Science Department, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Rayhaneh Amooaghaie
- Plant Science Department, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran; Biotechnology Research Institute, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Alimohammad Ahadi
- Genetic Department, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fariba Sharififar
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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21
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Pande A, Mun BG, Lee DS, Khan M, Lee GM, Hussain A, Yun BW. NO Network for Plant-Microbe Communication Underground: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:658679. [PMID: 33815456 PMCID: PMC8010196 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.658679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms governing plant-microbe interaction in the rhizosphere attracted a lot of investigative attention in the last decade. The rhizosphere is not simply a source of nutrients and support for the plants; it is rather an ecosystem teeming with diverse flora and fauna including different groups of microbes that are useful as well as harmful for the plants. Plant-microbe interaction occurs via a highly complex communication network that involves sophisticated machinery for the recognition of friend and foe at both sides. On the other hand, nitric oxide (NO) is a key, signaling molecule involved in plant development and defense. Studies on legume-rhizobia symbiosis suggest the involvement of NO during recognition, root hair curling, development of infection threads, nodule development, and nodule senescence. A similar role of NO is also suggested in the case of plant interaction with the mycorrhizal fungi. Another, insight into the plant-microbe interaction in the rhizosphere comes from the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)/microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by the host plant and thereby NO-mediated activation of the defense signaling cascade. Thus, NO plays a major role in mediating the communication between plants and microbes in the rhizosphere. Interestingly, reports suggesting the role of silicon in increasing the number of nodules, enhancing nitrogen fixation, and also the combined effect of silicon and NO may indicate a possibility of their interaction in mediating microbial communication underground. However, the exact role of NO in mediating plant-microbe interaction remains elusive. Therefore, understanding the role of NO in underground plant physiology is very important, especially in relation to the plant's interaction with the rhizospheric microbiome. This will help devise new strategies for protection against phytopathogens and enhancing plant productivity by promoting symbiotic interaction. This review focuses on the role of NO in plant-microbe communication underground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Pande
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Bong-Gyu Mun
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Da-Sol Lee
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Murtaza Khan
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Geun-Mo Lee
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Adil Hussain
- Department of Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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22
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Tewari RK, Horemans N, Watanabe M. Evidence for a role of nitric oxide in iron homeostasis in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:990-1006. [PMID: 33196822 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), once regarded as a poisonous air pollutant, is now understood as a regulatory molecule essential for several biological functions in plants. In this review, we summarize NO generation in different plant organs and cellular compartments, and also discuss the role of NO in iron (Fe) homeostasis, particularly in Fe-deficient plants. Fe is one of the most limiting essential nutrient elements for plants. Plants often exhibit Fe deficiency symptoms despite sufficient tissue Fe concentrations. NO appears to not only up-regulate Fe uptake mechanisms but also makes Fe more bioavailable for metabolic functions. NO forms complexes with Fe, which can then be delivered into target cells/tissues. NO generated in plants can alleviate oxidative stress by regulating antioxidant defense processes, probably by improving functional Fe status and by inducing post-translational modifications in the enzymes/proteins involved in antioxidant defense responses. It is hypothesized that NO acts in cooperation with transcription factors such as bHLHs, FIT, and IRO to regulate the expression of enzymes and proteins essential for Fe homeostasis. However, further investigations are needed to disentangle the interaction of NO with intracellular target molecules that leads to enhanced internal Fe availability in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nele Horemans
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Boeretang, Mol, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Chiba University, Inage-ward, Yayoicho, Chiba, Japan
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Umnajkitikorn K, Fukudome M, Uchiumi T, Teaumroong N. Elevated Nitrogen Priming Induced Oxinitro-Responses and Water Deficit Tolerance in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10020381. [PMID: 33671261 PMCID: PMC7922565 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Under water deficit conditions, the essential macronutrient nitrogen becomes limited as a result of reduced dissolved nitrogen and root nitrogen uptake. An elevated nitrogen level might be able to mitigate these effects, integrated with the idea of using nitric oxide as abiotic stress tolerant inducers. In this study, we evaluated the potential of using elevated nitrogen priming prior to water shortage to mitigate plant stress through nitric oxide accumulation. We grew rice plants in 300 mg L-1 nitrogen for 10 weeks, then we primed plants with four different nitrogen concentrations: 100, 300 (control), 500 and 1000 mg L-1 nitrogen prior to inducing water deficit conditions. Plants primed with 500 mg L-1 nitrogen possessed a higher photosynthetic rate, relative water content, electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation under water deficit conditions, compared to control plants. The induction of water deficit tolerance was supported with the activation of antioxidant defense system, induced by the accumulation of nitric oxide in leaves and roots of rice plants. We originally demonstrated the accumulation of nitric oxide in leaves of rice plants. The elevated nitrogen priming can be used to enhance water deficit tolerance in irrigated paddy fields, instead of nitric oxide donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamolchanok Umnajkitikorn
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Mitsutaka Fukudome
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (M.F.); (T.U.)
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiki Uchiumi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (M.F.); (T.U.)
| | - Neung Teaumroong
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
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Jedelská T, Luhová L, Petřivalský M. Nitric oxide signalling in plant interactions with pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:848-863. [PMID: 33367760 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species have emerged as crucial signalling and regulatory molecules across all organisms. In plants, fungi, and fungi-like oomycetes, NO is involved in the regulation of multiple processes during their growth, development, reproduction, responses to the external environment, and biotic interactions. It has become evident that NO is produced and used as a signalling and defence cue by both partners in multiple forms of plant interactions with their microbial counterparts, ranging from symbiotic to pathogenic modes. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of NO in plant-pathogen interactions, focused on biotrophic, necrotrophic, and hemibiotrophic fungi and oomycetes. Actual advances and gaps in the identification of NO sources and fate in plant and pathogen cells are discussed. We review the decisive role of time- and site-specific NO production in germination, oriented growth, and active penetration by filamentous pathogens of the host tissues, as well in pathogen recognition, and defence activation in plants. Distinct functions of NO in diverse interactions of host plants with fungal and oomycete pathogens of different lifestyles are highlighted, where NO in interplay with reactive oxygen species governs successful plant colonization, cell death, and establishment of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Jedelská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Luhová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Petřivalský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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25
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Abedi S, Iranbakhsh A, Oraghi Ardebili Z, Ebadi M. Nitric oxide and selenium nanoparticles confer changes in growth, metabolism, antioxidant machinery, gene expression, and flowering in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.): potential benefits and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:3136-3148. [PMID: 32902749 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to provide a better insight into the plant responses to nitric oxide (NO) and selenium nanoparticle (nSe). Chicory seedlings were sprayed with nSe (0, 4, and 40 mg l-1), and/or NO (0 and 25 μM). NO and/or nSe4 improved shoot and root biomass by an average of 32%. The nSe40 adversely influenced shoot and root biomass (mean = 26%), exhibiting moderate toxicity partly relieved by NO. The nSe and NO treatments transcriptionally stimulated the dehydration response element B1A (DREB1A) gene (mean = 29.6-fold). At the transcriptional level, nSe4 or NO moderately upregulated phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate transferase (HCT1) genes (mean = sevenfold). The nSe4 + NO, nSe40, and nSe40 + NO groups drastically induced the expression of PAL and HCT1 genes (mean = 30-fold). With a similar trend, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA Quinate/shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HQT1) gene was also upregulated in response to nSe and/or NO (mean = 25-fold). The activities of nitrate reductase and catalase enzymes were also induced in the nSe- and/or NO-treated seedlings. Likewise, the application of these supplements associated with an increase in ascorbate concentration (mean = 31.5%) reduced glutathione (mean = 35%). NO and/or nSe enhanced the PAL activity (mean = 36.4%) and soluble phenols (mean = 40%). The flowering was also influenced by the supplements in dose and compound dependent manner exhibiting the long-time responses. It appears that the nSe-triggered signaling can associate with a plethora of developmental, physiological, and molecular responses at least in part via the fundamental regulatory roles of transcription factors, like DREB1A as one the most significant genes for conferring tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abedi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Iranbakhsh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Mostafa Ebadi
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
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Baslam M, Mitsui T, Sueyoshi K, Ohyama T. Recent Advances in Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in C3 Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E318. [PMID: 33396811 PMCID: PMC7795015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C and N are the most important essential elements constituting organic compounds in plants. The shoots and roots depend on each other by exchanging C and N through the xylem and phloem transport systems. Complex mechanisms regulate C and N metabolism to optimize plant growth, agricultural crop production, and maintenance of the agroecosystem. In this paper, we cover the recent advances in understanding C and N metabolism, regulation, and transport in plants, as well as their underlying molecular mechanisms. Special emphasis is given to the mechanisms of starch metabolism in plastids and the changes in responses to environmental stress that were previously overlooked, since these changes provide an essential store of C that fuels plant metabolism and growth. We present general insights into the system biology approaches that have expanded our understanding of core biological questions related to C and N metabolism. Finally, this review synthesizes recent advances in our understanding of the trade-off concept that links C and N status to the plant's response to microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marouane Baslam
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; (M.B.); (T.M.)
| | - Toshiaki Mitsui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; (M.B.); (T.M.)
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;
| | - Kuni Sueyoshi
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;
| | - Takuji Ohyama
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;
- Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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27
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Wang KK, Tian Y, Li PF, Liu CY, Yang GP. Sources of nitric oxide during the outbreak of Ulva prolifera in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea off Qingdao. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 162:105177. [PMID: 33080558 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been identified as a key physiological modulator and signaling molecule in animals and plants. However, due to its high reactivity, our knowledge of its production and consumption pathways in the ocean remain limited. Laboratory experiments showed that Ulva prolifera can produce NO, producing as much as 0.44 ± 0.04 nmol h-1 g-1. During the growth period, U. prolifera released NO, but during the decay period NO was absorbed by U. prolifera and bacteria. Furthermore, field investigations examined NO concentrations in the coastal waters of the Yellow Sea off Qingdao, where the U. prolifera green tide occurred in summer 2018. The average concentrations of NO in the surface seawater were 70.2 ± 38.2 pmol L-1 and 18.9 ± 10.3 pmol L-1 in the late- and after-bloom periods, respectively. NO release by U. prolifera was the primary contributor to the high NO concentrations during the late-bloom period. The study area was a net source of NO to the atmosphere during the study period, with average NO sea-air fluxes from the Qingdao coastal waters being 1.5 × 10-12 mol m-2 s-1 and 0.4 × 10-12 mol m-2 s-1 in the late- and after-bloom periods, respectively. This study concluded that the coastal waters of the Yellow Sea off Qingdao contributed more NO to the atmosphere during the bloom of U. prolifera than afterward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Ke Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Pei-Feng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Chun-Ying Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Gui-Peng Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
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28
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Hancock JT. Nitric Oxide Signaling in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1550. [PMID: 33198158 PMCID: PMC7697264 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an integral part of cell signaling mechanisms in animals and plants. In plants, its enzymatic generation is still controversial. Evidence points to nitrate reductase being important, but the presence of a nitric oxide synthase-like enzyme is still contested. Regardless, NO has been shown to mediate many developmental stages in plants, and to be involved in a range of physiological responses, from stress management to stomatal aperture closure. Downstream from its generation are alterations of the actions of many cell signaling components, with post-translational modifications of proteins often being key. Here, a collection of papers embraces the differing aspects of NO metabolism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Hancock
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
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29
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Ma M, Wendehenne D, Philippot L, Hänsch R, Flemetakis E, Hu B, Rennenberg H. Physiological significance of pedospheric nitric oxide for root growth, development and organismic interactions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2336-2354. [PMID: 32681574 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is essential for plant growth and development, as well as interactions with abiotic and biotic environments. Its importance for multiple functions in plants means that tight regulation of NO concentrations is required. This is of particular significance in roots, where NO signalling is involved in processes, such as root growth, lateral root formation, nutrient acquisition, heavy metal homeostasis, symbiotic nitrogen fixation and root-mycorrhizal fungi interactions. The NO signal can also be produced in high levels by microbial processes in the rhizosphere, further impacting root processes. To explore these interesting interactions, in the present review, we firstly summarize current knowledge of physiological processes of NO production and consumption in roots and, thereafter, of processes involved in NO homeostasis in root cells with particular emphasis on root growth, development, nutrient acquisition, environmental stresses and organismic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ma
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - David Wendehenne
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Philippot
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Institute for Plant Biology, Technische Universität, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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30
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Rather BA, Mir IR, Sehar Z, Anjum NA, Masood A, Khan NA. The outcomes of the functional interplay of nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide in metal stress tolerance in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:523-534. [PMID: 32836198 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phytotoxicity of metals constraints plants health, metabolism and productivity. The sustainable approaches for minimizing major metals-accrued phytotoxicity have been least explored. The gasotransmitters signaling molecules such as nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) play a significant role in the mitigation of major consequences of metals stress. Versatile gaseous signaling molecules, NO and H2S are involved in the regulation of various physiological processes in plants and their tolerance to abiotic stresses. However, literature available on NO or H2S stand alone, and the major insights into the roles of NO and/or H2S in plant tolerance, particularly to metals, remained unclear. Given above, this paper aimed to (a) briefly overview metals and highlight their major phytotoxicity; (b) appraises literature reporting potential mechanisms underlying the roles of NO and H2S in plant-metal tolerance; (c) crosstalk on NO and H2S in relation to plant metal tolerance. Additionally, major aspects so far unexplored in the current context have also been mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal A Rather
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Iqbal R Mir
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Zebus Sehar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Naser A Anjum
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Asim Masood
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
| | - Nafees A Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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31
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Nejamkin A, Foresi N, Mayta ML, Lodeyro AF, Castello FD, Correa-Aragunde N, Carrillo N, Lamattina L. Nitrogen Depletion Blocks Growth Stimulation Driven by the Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:312. [PMID: 32265964 PMCID: PMC7100548 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a messenger molecule widespread studied in plant physiology. Latter evidence supports the lack of a NO-producing system involving a NO synthase (NOS) activity in higher plants. However, a NOS gene from the unicellular marine alga Ostreococcus tauri (OtNOS) was characterized in recent years. OtNOS is a genuine NOS, with similar spectroscopic fingerprints to mammalian NOSs and high NO producing capacity. We are interested in investigating whether OtNOS activity alters nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen availability, thus improving growth promotion conditions in tobacco. Tobacco plants were transformed with OtNOS under the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing OtNOS accumulated higher NO levels compared to siblings transformed with the empty vector, and displayed accelerated growth in different media containing sufficient nitrogen availability. Under conditions of nitrogen scarcity, the growth promoting effect of the OtNOS expression is diluted in terms of total leaf area, protein content and seed production. It is proposed that OtNOS might possess a plant growth promoting effect through facilitating N remobilization and nitrate assimilation with potential to improve crop plants performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Nejamkin
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Noelia Foresi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Martín L. Mayta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Anabella F. Lodeyro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Fiorella Del Castello
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Natalia Correa-Aragunde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Néstor Carrillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Lorenzo Lamattina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O), the third most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, is produced in great quantities by microalgae, but molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here we show that the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii produces N2O in the light by a reduction of NO driven by photosynthesis and catalyzed by flavodiiron proteins, the dark N2O production being catalyzed by a cytochrome p450. Both mechanisms of N2O production are present in chlorophytes, but absent from diatoms. Our study provides an unprecedented mechanistic understanding of N2O production by microalgae, allowing a better assessment of N2O-producing hot spots in aquatic environments. Nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, is produced mostly from aquatic ecosystems, to which algae substantially contribute. However, mechanisms of N2O production by photosynthetic organisms are poorly described. Here we show that the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii reduces NO into N2O using the photosynthetic electron transport. Through the study of C. reinhardtii mutants deficient in flavodiiron proteins (FLVs) or in a cytochrome p450 (CYP55), we show that FLVs contribute to NO reduction in the light, while CYP55 operates in the dark. Both pathways are active when NO is produced in vivo during the reduction of nitrites and participate in NO homeostasis. Furthermore, NO reduction by both pathways is restricted to chlorophytes, organisms particularly abundant in ocean N2O-producing hot spots. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of N2O production in eukaryotic phototrophs and represent an important step toward a comprehensive assessment of greenhouse gas emission by aquatic ecosystems.
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Filina V, Grinko A, Ermilova E. Truncated Hemoglobins 1 and 2 Are Implicated in the Modulation of Phosphorus Deficiency-Induced Nitric Oxide Levels in Chlamydomonas. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090947. [PMID: 31438612 PMCID: PMC6770159 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Truncated hemoglobins (trHbs) form a widely distributed family of proteins found in archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Accumulating evidence suggests that trHbs may be implicated in functions other than oxygen delivery, but these roles are largely unknown. Characterization of the conditions that affect trHb expression and investigation of their regulatory mechanisms will provide a framework for elucidating the functions of these globins. Here, the transcription of Chlamydomonas trHb genes (THB1–12) under conditions of phosphorus (P) deprivation was analyzed. Three THB genes, THB1, THB2, and THB12 were expressed at the highest level. For the first time, we demonstrate the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) under P-limiting conditions and the production of NO by cells via a nitrate reductase-independent pathway. To clarify the functions of THB1 and THB2, we generated and analyzed strains in which these THBs were strongly under-expressed by using an artificial microRNA approach. Similar to THB1 knockdown, the depletion of THB2 led to a decrease in cell size and chlorophyll levels. We provide evidence that the knockdown of THB1 or THB2 enhanced NO production under P deprivation. Overall, these results demonstrate that THB1 and THB2 are likely to contribute, at least in part, to acclimation responses in P-deprived Chlamydomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Filina
- Biological Faculty, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alexandra Grinko
- Biological Faculty, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Elena Ermilova
- Biological Faculty, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia.
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