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Gao J, Lei P, Su X, Liang J, Ren B, Ma X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Ma W. In vitro pharmacokinetic behavior in lung of harringtonine, an antagonist of SARS-CoV-2 associated proteins: New insights of inhalation therapy for COVID-19. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155582. [PMID: 38608595 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that harringtonine (HT) could specifically bind with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein and host cell transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) to block membrane fusion, which is an effective antagonist for SARS-CoV-2. PURPOSE Our study focused on in-depth exploration of in vitro pharmacokinetic characteristics of HT in lung. METHODS HPLC-fluorescence detection method was used to detect changes of HT content. Incubation systems of lung microsomes for phase I metabolism and UGT incubation systems for phase II metabolism were performed to elucidate metabolites and metabolic mechanisms of HT, and then the metabolic enzyme phenotypes for HT were clarified by chemical inhibition method and recombinant enzyme method. Through metabolomics, we comprehensively evaluated the physiological dynamic changes in SD rat and human lung microsomes, and revealed the relationship between metabolomics and pharmacological activity of HT. RESULTS HPLC-fluorescence detection method showed strong specificity, high accuracy, and good stability for rapid quantification of HT. We confirmed that HT mainly underwent phase I metabolism, and the metabolites of HT in different species were all identified as 4'-demethyl HT, with metabolic pathway being hydrolysis reaction. CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 participated in HT metabolism, but as HT metabolism was not NADPH dependent, the esterase HCES1 in lung also played a role. The main KEGG pathways in SD rat and human lung microsomes were cortisol synthesis and secretion, steroid hormone biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism, respectively. The downregulated key biomarkers of 11-deoxycortisol, 21-deoxycortisol and 9(10)-EpOME suggested that HT could prevent immunosuppression and interfere with infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSION HT was mainly metabolized into 4'-demethyl HT through phase I reactions, which was mediated by CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and HCES1. The downregulation of 11-deoxycortisol, 21-deoxycortisol and 9(10)-EpOME were key ways of HT against SARS-CoV-2. Our study was of great significance for development and clinical application of HT in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Panpan Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xinyue Su
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jinna Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Bingxi Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yuxiu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yongjing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Weina Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Lin WJ, Chiang AWT, Zhou EH, Liang C, Liu CH, Ma WL, Cheng WC, Lewis NE. iLipidome: enhancing statistical power and interpretability using hidden biosynthetic interdependencies in the lipidome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.16.594607. [PMID: 38826229 PMCID: PMC11142111 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.16.594607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Numerous biological processes and diseases are influenced by lipid composition. Advances in lipidomics are elucidating their roles, but analyzing and interpreting lipidomics data at the systems level remain challenging. To address this, we present iLipidome, a method for analyzing lipidomics data in the context of the lipid biosynthetic network, thus accounting for the interdependence of measured lipids. iLipidome enhances statistical power, enables reliable clustering and lipid enrichment analysis, and links lipidomic changes to their genetic origins. We applied iLipidome to investigate mechanisms driving changes in cellular lipidomes following supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and successfully identified the genetic causes of alterations. We further demonstrated how iLipidome can disclose enzyme-substrate specificity and pinpoint prospective glioblastoma therapeutic targets. Finally, iLipidome enabled us to explore underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular disease and could guide the discovery of early lipid biomarkers. Thus, iLipidome can assist researchers studying the essence of lipidomic data and advance the field of lipid biology.
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Das UN. Can essential fatty acids (EFAs) prevent and ameliorate post-COVID-19 long haul manifestations? Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:112. [PMID: 38641607 PMCID: PMC11027247 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
It is hypothesized that COVID-19, post-COVID and post-mRNA COVID-19 (and other related) vaccine manifestations including "long haul syndrome" are due to deficiency of essential fatty acids (EFAs) and dysregulation of their metabolism. This proposal is based on the observation that EFAs and their metabolites can modulate the swift immunostimulatory response of SARS-CoV-2 and similar enveloped viruses, suppress inappropriate cytokine release, possess cytoprotective action, modulate serotonin and bradykinin production and other neurotransmitters, inhibit NF-kB activation, regulate cGAS-STING pathway, modulate gut microbiota, inhibit platelet activation, regulate macrophage and leukocyte function, enhance wound healing and facilitate tissue regeneration and restore homeostasis. This implies that administration of EFAs could be of benefit in the prevention and management of COVID-19 and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, 2221 NW 5th St, Battle ground, WA, 98604, USA.
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Arete Hospitals, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 4500032, India.
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Zhang T, Zhao X, Zhang X, Liang X, Guan Z, Wang G, Liu G, Wu Z. Research on the metabolic regulation mechanism of Yangyin Qingfei decoction plus in severe pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in mice. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1376812. [PMID: 38694915 PMCID: PMC11061391 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1376812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: With amazing clinical efficacy, Yangyin Qingfei Decoction Plus (YQDP), a well-known and age-old Chinese compound made of ten Chinese botanical drugs, is utilized in clinical settings to treat a range of respiratory conditions. This study examines the impact of Yangyin Qingfei Decoction (YQDP) on lung tissue metabolic products in severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) model mice and examines the mechanism of YQDP in treating MP infection using UPLC-MS/MS technology. Methods: YQDP's chemical composition was ascertained by the use of Agilent 1260 Ⅱ high-performance liquid chromatography. By using a nasal drip of 1010 CCU/mL MP bacterial solution, an SMPP mouse model was created. The lung index, pathology and ultrastructural observation of lung tissue were utilized to assess the therapeutic effect of YQDP in SMPP mice. Lung tissue metabolites were found in the normal group, model group, and YQDP group using UPLC-MS/MS technology. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent test (ELISA), the amount of serum inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), was found. Additionally, the protein expression of PI3K, P-PI3K, AKT, P-AKT, NF-κB, and P-NF-κB was found using Western blot. Results: The contents of chlorogenic acid, paeoniflorin, forsythrin A, forsythrin, and paeonol in YQDP were 3.480 ± 0.051, 3.255 ± 0.040, 3.612 ± 0.017, 1.757 ± 0.031, and 1.080 ± 0.007 mg/g respectively. YQDP can considerably lower the SMPP mice's lung index (p < 0.05). In the lung tissue of YQDP groups, there has been a decrease (p < 0.05) in the infiltration of inflammatory cells at varying concentrations in the alveoli compared with the model group. A total of 47 distinct metabolites, including choline phosphate, glutamyl lysine, L-tyrosine, 6-thioinosine, Glu Trp, 5-hydroxydecanoate, etc., were linked to the regulation of YQDP, according to metabolomics study. By controlling the metabolism of porphyrins, pyrimidines, cholines, fatty acids, sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, ferroptosis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, enrichment analysis suggested that YQDP may be used to treat SMPP. YQDP can lower the amount of TNF-α and IL-6 in model group mice as well as downregulate P-PI3K, P-AKT, and P-NF-κB expression (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A specific intervention effect of YQDP is observed in SMPP model mice. Through the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathways, YQDP may have therapeutic benefits by regulating the body's metabolism of α-Linoleic acid, sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, arachidonic acid, and the production of unsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiyu Zhao
- The First Clinical College of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xining Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangyu Liang
- The First Clinical College of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenglong Guan
- The First Clinical College of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Guanghan Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Guanghua Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenqi Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
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Akbar Z, Kunhipurayil HH, Saliba J, Ahmad J, Al-Mansoori L, Al-Khatib HA, Al Thani AA, Shi Z, Shaito AA. The Association between Lifestyle Factors and COVID-19: Findings from Qatar Biobank. Nutrients 2024; 16:1037. [PMID: 38613072 PMCID: PMC11013885 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) manifestations range from mild to severe life-threatening symptoms, including death. COVID-19 susceptibility has been associated with various factors, but studies in Qatar are limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between COVID-19 susceptibility and various sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, including age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, education level, dietary patterns, supplement usage, physical activity, a history of bariatric surgery, diabetes, and hypertension. We utilized logistic regression to analyze these associations, using the data of 10,000 adult participants, aged from 18 to 79, from Qatar Biobank. In total, 10.5% (n = 1045) of the participants had COVID-19. Compared to non-smokers, current and ex-smokers had lower odds of having COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.44-0.68 and OR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.57-0.86, respectively). Vitamin D supplement use was associated with an 18% reduction in the likelihood of contracting COVID-19 (OR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69-0.97). Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), a history of bariatric surgery, and higher adherence to the modern dietary pattern-characterized by the consumption of foods high in saturated fat and refined carbohydrates-were positively associated with COVID-19. Our findings indicate that adopting a healthy lifestyle may be helpful in the prevention of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoha Akbar
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | | | - Jessica Saliba
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut P.O. Box 100, Lebanon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 90656, Lebanon
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Layla Al-Mansoori
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar (H.A.A.-K.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Hebah A. Al-Khatib
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar (H.A.A.-K.)
| | - Asmaa A. Al Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar (H.A.A.-K.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Zumin Shi
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Abdullah A. Shaito
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar (H.A.A.-K.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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Rai P, Marano JM, Kang L, Coutermarsh-Ott S, Daamen AR, Lipsky PE, Weger-Lucarelli J. Obesity fosters severe disease outcomes in a mouse model of coronavirus infection associated with transcriptomic abnormalities. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29587. [PMID: 38587204 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has been identified as an independent risk factor for severe outcomes in humans with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other infectious diseases. Here, we established a mouse model of COVID-19 using the murine betacoronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus 1 (MHV-1). C57BL/6 and C3H/HeJ mice exposed to MHV-1 developed mild and severe disease, respectively. Obese C57BL/6 mice developed clinical manifestations similar to those of lean controls. In contrast, all obese C3H/HeJ mice succumbed by 8 days postinfection, compared to a 50% mortality rate in lean controls. Notably, both lean and obese C3H/HeJ mice exposed to MHV-1 developed lung lesions consistent with severe human COVID-19, with marked evidence of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). To identify early predictive biomarkers of worsened disease outcomes in obese C3H/HeJ mice, we sequenced RNA from whole blood 2 days postinfection and assessed changes in gene and pathway expression. Many pathways uniquely altered in obese C3H/HeJ mice postinfection aligned with those found in humans with severe COVID-19. Furthermore, we observed altered gene expression related to the unfolded protein response and lipid metabolism in infected obese mice compared to their lean counterparts, suggesting a role in the severity of disease outcomes. This study presents a novel model for studying COVID-19 and elucidating the mechanisms underlying severe disease outcomes in obese and other hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Rai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Marano
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Biomedical Affairs and Research, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Monroe, Louisiana, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sheryl Coutermarsh-Ott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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7
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Conte C, Cipponeri E, Roden M. Diabetes Mellitus, Energy Metabolism, and COVID-19. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:281-308. [PMID: 37934800 PMCID: PMC10911957 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes mellitus (mostly type 2), and COVID-19 show mutual interactions because they are not only risk factors for both acute and chronic COVID-19 manifestations, but also because COVID-19 alters energy metabolism. Such metabolic alterations can lead to dysglycemia and long-lasting effects. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential for a further rise of the diabetes pandemic. This review outlines how preexisting metabolic alterations spanning from excess visceral adipose tissue to hyperglycemia and overt diabetes may exacerbate COVID-19 severity. We also summarize the different effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the key organs and tissues orchestrating energy metabolism, including adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, and pancreas. Last, we provide an integrative view of the metabolic derangements that occur during COVID-19. Altogether, this review allows for better understanding of the metabolic derangements occurring when a fire starts from a small flame, and thereby help reducing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Conte
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome 00166, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan 20099, Italy
| | - Elisa Cipponeri
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan 20099, Italy
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
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Ding D, Zhao H, Liu Y, Li S, Wei J, Yang Y, Wang S, Xing G, Hou S, Wang X, Zhang Y. Whole-transcriptome sequencing revealed the role of noncoding RNAs in susceptibility and resistance of Pekin ducks to DHAV-3. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103416. [PMID: 38301494 PMCID: PMC10846394 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
As the most prevalent pathogen of duck viral hepatitis (DVH), duck hepatitis A virus genotype 3 (DHAV-3) has caused huge economic losses to the duck industry in China. Herein, we obtained whole-transcriptome sequencing data of susceptible (S) and resistant (R) Pekin duckling samples at 0 h, 12 h, and 24 h after DHAV-3 infection. We found that DHAV-3 infection induces 5,396 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 85 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), and 727 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) at 24 hpi in S vs. R ducks, those upregulated genes were enriched in inflammation and cell communications pathways and downregulated genes were related to metabolic processes. Upregulated genes showed high connectivity with the miR-33, miR-193, and miR-11591, and downregulated genes were mainly regulated by miR-2954, miR-125, and miR-146b. With the construction of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis, we further identified a few aberrantly expressed lncRNAs (e.g., MSTRG.36194.1, MSTRG.50601.1, MSTRG.34328.7, and MSTRG.29445.1) that regulate expression of hub genes (e.g., THBD, CLIC2, IL8, ACOX2, GPHN, SMLR1, and HAO1) by sponging those highly connected miRNAs. Altogether, our findings defined a dual role of ncRNAs in immune and metabolic regulation during DHAV-3 infection, suggesting potential new targets for treating DHAV-3 infected ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingbang Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haonan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaofei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuze Yang
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuaiqin Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guangnan Xing
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuisheng Hou
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yunsheng Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Denker L, Dixon AM. The cell edit: Looking at and beyond non-structural proteins to understand membrane rearrangement in coronaviruses. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 752:109856. [PMID: 38104958 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a positive-stranded RNA virus that sits at the centre of the recent global pandemic. As a member of the coronaviridae family of viruses, it shares features such as a very large genome (>30 kb) that is replicated in a purpose-built replication organelle. Biogenesis of the replication organelle requires significant and concerted rearrangement of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, a job that is carried out by a group of integral membrane non-structural proteins (NSP3, 4 and 6) expressed by the virus along with a host of viral replication enzymes and other factors that support transcription and replication. The primary sites for RNA replication within the replication organelle are double membrane vesicles (DMVs). The small size of DMVs requires generation of high membrane curvature, as well as stabilization of a double-membrane arrangement, but the mechanisms that underlie DMV formation remain elusive. In this review, we discuss recent breakthroughs in our understanding of the molecular basis for membrane rearrangements by coronaviruses. We incorporate established models of NSP3-4 protein-protein interactions to drive double membrane formation, and recent data highlighting the roles of lipid composition and host factor proteins (e.g. reticulons) that influence membrane curvature, to propose a revised model for DMV formation in SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Denker
- Warwick Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Ann M Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7SH, UK.
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Deng S, Tian X, Belshaw R, Zhou J, Zhang S, Yang Y, Huang C, Chen W, Qiu H, Choo SW. An RNA-Seq analysis of coronavirus in the skin of the Pangolin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:910. [PMID: 38195813 PMCID: PMC10776870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Protection of the Critically Endangered East Asian Pangolin species is hampered by the vulnerability of captive individuals to infection. Studies have previously shown the pangolin to have a unique pseudogenisation of many immunity genes (including IFNE, IFIH1, cGAS, STING, TLR5, and TLR11), and we suspected that these losses could account for this vulnerability. Here we used RNA-Seq data to show the effect of these gene losses on the transcriptional response to a viral skin infection in a deceased pangolin. This virus is very closely related to the one causing the current COVID-19 pandemic in the human population (SARS-CoV2), and we found the most upregulated pathway was the same one previously identified in the lungs of SARS-CoV2-infected humans. As predicted, we found that the pathways downstream of the lost genes were not upregulated. For example, the pseudogenised interferon epsilon (IFNE) is known to be particularly important in epithelial immunity, and we show that interferon-related responses were not upregulated in the infected pangolin skin. We suggest that the pangolin's innate gene pseudogenisation is indeed likely to be responsible for the animal's vulnerability to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Deng
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325060, China
| | - Xuechen Tian
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325060, China
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Centre, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325060, China
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325060, China
| | - Robert Belshaw
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325060, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhou
- China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation (CBCGDF), Empark International Apartment, No. 69, Banding Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation (CBCGDF), Empark International Apartment, No. 69, Banding Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325060, China
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Centre, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325060, China
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325060, China
- Dorothy and George Hennings College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Kean University, 1000 Morris Ave, Union, NJ, 07083, USA
| | - Chang Huang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325060, China
| | - Weikang Chen
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325060, China
| | - Hailu Qiu
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325060, China
| | - Siew Woh Choo
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325060, China.
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Centre, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325060, China.
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325060, China.
- Dorothy and George Hennings College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Kean University, 1000 Morris Ave, Union, NJ, 07083, USA.
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11
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Radwan E, Abdelaziz A, Mandour MAM, Meki ARMA, El-Kholy MM, Mohamed MN. MBOAT7 expression is associated with disease progression in COVID-19 patients. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:79. [PMID: 38183501 PMCID: PMC10771377 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late 2019 caused a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 became one of the most challenging health emergencies, hence the necessity to find different prognostic factors for disease progression, and severity. Membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7 (MBOAT7) demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects through acting as a fine-tune regulator of the amount of cellular free arachidonic acid. We aimed in this study to evaluate MBOAT7 expression in COVID-19 patients and to correlate it with disease severity and outcomes. METHODS This case-control study included 56 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and 28 control subjects. Patients were further classified into moderate (n = 28) and severe (n = 28) cases. MBOAT7, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) mRNA levels were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) samples isolated from patients and control subjects by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In addition, circulating MBOAT7 protein levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Significant lower levels of circulating MBOAT7 mRNA and protein were observed in COVID-19 patients compared to control subjects with severe COVID-19 cases showing significant lower levels compared to moderate cases. Moreover, severe cases showed a significant upregulation of TNF-α and IL-1ß mRNA. MBOAT7 mRNA and protein levels were significantly correlated with inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1ß, C-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin), liver enzymes, severity, and oxygen saturation levels. CONCLUSION COVID-19 is associated with downregulation of MBAOT7, which correlates with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Radwan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.
- Department of Biochemistry, Sphinx University, New Assiut City, Assiut 10, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Abdelaziz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Manal A M Mandour
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Raheim M A Meki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Sphinx University, New Assiut City, Assiut 10, Egypt
| | - Maha M El-Kholy
- Department of Chest diseases and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwan N Mohamed
- Department of Chest diseases and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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12
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Chen S, Liang J, Chen D, Huang Q, Sun K, Zhong Y, Lin B, Kong J, Sun J, Gong C, Wang J, Gao Y, Zhang Q, Sun H. Cerebrospinal fluid metabolomic and proteomic characterization of neurologic post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:209-222. [PMID: 37858739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 causes neurological post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (neuro-PASC) remains unclear. Herein, we conducted proteomic and metabolomic analyses of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 21 neuro-PASC patients, 45 healthy volunteers, and 26 inflammatory neurological diseases patients. Our data showed 69 differentially expressed metabolites and six differentially expressed proteins between neuro-PASC patients and healthy individuals. Elevated sphinganine and ST1A1, sphingolipid metabolism disorder, and attenuated inflammatory responses may contribute to the occurrence of neuro-PASC, whereas decreased levels of 7,8-dihydropterin and activation of steroid hormone biosynthesis may play a role in the repair process. Additionally, a biomarker cohort consisting of sphinganine, 7,8-dihydroneopterin, and ST1A1 was preliminarily demonstrated to have high value in diagnosing neuro-PASC. In summary, our study represents the first attempt to integrate the diagnostic benefits of CSF with the methodological advantages of multi-omics, thereby offering valuable insights into the pathogenesis of neuro-PASC and facilitating the work of neuroscientists in disclosing different neurological dimensions associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilan Chen
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jianhao Liang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Dingqiang Chen
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Qiyuan Huang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Kaijian Sun
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yuxia Zhong
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Baojia Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jingjing Kong
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jiaduo Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Chengfang Gong
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Qingguo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Haitao Sun
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Ding C, Chen Y, Miao G, Qi Z. Research Advances on the Role of Lipids in the Life Cycle of Human Coronaviruses. Microorganisms 2023; 12:63. [PMID: 38257890 PMCID: PMC10820681 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are emerging pathogens with a significant potential to cause life-threatening harm to human health. Since the beginning of the 21st century, three highly pathogenic and transmissible human CoVs have emerged, triggering epidemics and posing major threats to global public health. CoVs are enveloped viruses encased in a lipid bilayer. As fundamental components of cells, lipids can play an integral role in many physiological processes, which have been reported to play important roles in the life cycle of CoVs, including viral entry, uncoating, replication, assembly, and release. Therefore, research on the role of lipids in the CoV life cycle can provide a basis for a better understanding of the infection mechanism of CoVs and provide lipid targets for the development of new antiviral strategies. In this review, research advances on the role of lipids in different stages of viral infection and the possible targets of lipids that interfere with the viral life cycle are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiling Ding
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (C.D.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yibo Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (C.D.); (Y.C.)
| | - Gen Miao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Zhongtian Qi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (C.D.); (Y.C.)
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14
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Queirós-Reis L, Mesquita JR, Brancale A, Bassetto M. Exploring the Fatty Acid Binding Pocket in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein - Confirmed and Potential Ligands. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:7282-7298. [PMID: 37991468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a respiratory virus responsible for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and the still ongoing and unprecedented global pandemic. The key viral protein for cell infection is the spike glycoprotein, a surface-exposed fusion protein that both recognizes and mediates entry into host cells. Within the spike glycoprotein, a fatty acid binding pocket (FABP) was confirmed, with the crystallization of linoleic acid (LA) occupying a well-defined site. Importantly, when the pocket is occupied by a fatty acid, an inactive conformation is stabilized, and cell recognition is hindered. In this review, we discuss ligands reported so far for this site, correlating their activity predicted through in silico studies with antispike experimental activity, assessed by either binding assays or cell-infection assays. LA was the first confirmed ligand, cocrystallized in a cryo-EM structure of the spike protein, resulting in increased stability of the inactive conformation of the spike protein. The next identified ligand, lifitegrast, was also experimentally confirmed as a ligand with antiviral activity, suggesting the potential for diverse chemical scaffolds to bind this site. Finally, SPC-14 was also confirmed as a ligand, although no inhibition assays were performed. In this review, we identified 20 studies describing small-molecule compounds predicted to bind the pocket in in silico studies and with confirmed binding or in vitro activity, either inhibitory activity against the spike-ACE2 interaction or antiviral activity in cell-based assays. When considering all ligands confirmed with in vitro assays, a good overall occupation of the pocket should be complemented with the ability to make direct interactions, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic, with key amino acid residues defining the pocket surface. Among the active compounds, long flexible carbon chains are recurrent, with retinoids capable of binding the FABP, although bulkier systems are also capable of affecting viral fitness. Compounds able to bind this site with high affinity have the potential to stabilize the inactive conformation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and therefore reduce the virus's ability to infect new cells. Since this pocket is conserved in highly pathogenic human coronaviruses, including MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, this effect could be exploited for the development of new antiviral agents, with broad-spectrum anticoronavirus activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Queirós-Reis
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - João R Mesquita
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIunit), Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrea Brancale
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 166 28 Praha, Czechia
| | - Marcella Bassetto
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3BN, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K
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15
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Ziaei S, Alimohammadi‐Kamalabadi M, Hasani M, Malekahmadi M, Persad E, Heshmati J. The effect of quercetin supplementation on clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7504-7514. [PMID: 38107099 PMCID: PMC10724618 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) affects both the respiratory system and the body as a whole. Natural molecules, such as flavonoid quercetin, as potential treatment methods to help patients combat COVID-19. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to give a comprehensive overview of the impact of quercetin supplementation on inflammatory factors, hospital admission, and mortality of patients with COVID-19. The search has been conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library using relevant keywords until August 25, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing COVID-19 patients who received quercetin supplementation versus controls. We included five studies summarizing the evidence in 544 patients. Meta-analysis showed that quercetin administration significantly reduced LDH activity (standard mean difference (SMD): -0.42, 95% CI: -0.82, -0.02, I 2 = 48.86%), decreased the risk of hospital admission by 70% (RR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.62, I 2 = 00.00%), ICU admission by 73% (RR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.78, I 2 = 20.66%), and mortality by 82% (RR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.98, I 2 = 00.00%). No significant changes in CRP, D-dimmer, and ferritin were found between groups. Quercetin was found to significantly reduce LDH levels and decrease the risk of hospital and ICU admission and mortality in patients with COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Ziaei
- ICU Department, Emam Reza HospitalKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Malek Alimohammadi‐Kamalabadi
- Department of Cellular‐Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Motahareh Hasani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of HealthGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Department of Cellular‐Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medicinal Sciences Tehran IranTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Emma Persad
- Department for Evidence‐based Medicine and EvaluationDanube University KremsKremsAustria
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Songhor Healthcare CenterKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
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16
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Dasgupta A, Gangai S, Narayan R, Kapoor S. Mapping the Lipid Signatures in COVID-19 Infection: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Solutions. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14411-14433. [PMID: 37899546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic ignited research centered around the identification of robust biomarkers and therapeutic targets. SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible, hijacks the metabolic machinery of the host cells. It relies on lipids and lipoproteins of host cells for entry, trafficking, immune evasion, viral replication, and exocytosis. The infection causes host cell lipid metabolic remodelling. Targeting lipid-based processes is thus a promising strategy for countering COVID-19. Here, we review the role of lipids in the different steps of the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and identify lipid-centric targetable avenues. We discuss lipidome changes in infected patients and their relevance as potential clinical diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. We summarize the emerging direct and indirect therapeutic approaches for targeting COVID-19 using lipid-inspired approaches. Given that viral protein-targeted therapies may become less effective due to mutations in emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, lipid-inspired interventions may provide additional and perhaps better means of combating this and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishi Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- IIT-Bombay Monash Academy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Shon Gangai
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences (SCMS), Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Ponda, Goa 403401, India
| | - Rishikesh Narayan
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences (SCMS), Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Ponda, Goa 403401, India
- School of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences (SILS), Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Ponda, Goa 403401, India
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- IIT-Bombay Monash Academy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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17
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Mazurak VC, Rivas-Serna IM, Parsons SR, Monirujjaman M, Maybank KE, Woo SK, Rewa OG, Cave AJ, Richard C, Clandinin MT. Plasma essential fatty acid on hospital admission is a marker of COVID-19 disease severity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18973. [PMID: 37923927 PMCID: PMC10624896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is important for allocation of resources to predict those COVID patients at high risk of dying or organ failure. Early signals to initiate cellular events of host immunity can be derived from essential fatty acid metabolites preceding the cascade of proinflammatory signals. Much research has focused on understanding later proinflammatory responses. We assessed if remodelling of plasma phospholipid content of essential fatty acids by the COVID-19 virus provides early markers for potential death and disease severity. Here we show that, at hospital admission, COVID-19 infected subjects who survive exhibit higher proportions of C20:4n-6 in plasma phospholipids concurrent with marked proinflammatory cytokine elevation in plasma compared to healthy subjects. In contrast, more than half of subjects who die of this virus exhibit very low C18:2n-6 and C20:4n-6 content in plasma phospholipids on hospital admission compared with healthy control subjects. Moreover, in these subjects who die, the low level of primary inflammatory signals indicates limited or aberrant stimulation of host immunity. We conclude that COVID-19 infection results in early fundamental remodelling of essential fatty acid metabolism. In subjects with high mortality, it appears that plasma n-6 fatty acid content is too low to stimulate cellular events of host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera C Mazurak
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Irma Magaly Rivas-Serna
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Sarah R Parsons
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Md Monirujjaman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Krista E Maybank
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Stanley K Woo
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Oleksa G Rewa
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andrew J Cave
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - M Thomas Clandinin
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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18
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Pereira RDD, Rabelo RAN, Oliveira NFDM, Porto SLT, Andrade ACDSP, Queiroz-Junior CM, Barbosa CLN, de Souza-Costa LP, Santos FRDS, Oliveira FBR, da Silva BLV, Umezu HL, Ferreira R, da Silva GSF, Cruz JS, Teixeira MM, Costa VV, Machado FS. A 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor, Zileuton, Modulates Host Immune Responses and Improves Lung Function in a Model of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Induced by Betacoronavirus. Viruses 2023; 15:2049. [PMID: 37896826 PMCID: PMC10611395 DOI: 10.3390/v15102049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exacerbated inflammatory responses are a hallmark of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Zileuton (Zi) is a selective inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, an enzyme involved in the production of several inflammatory/pro-resolving lipid mediators. Herein, we investigated the effect of Zi treatment in a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) model. Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)3-infected mice treated with Zi significantly improved the clinical score, weight loss, cardiopulmonary function, and survival rates compared with infected untreated animals. The protection observed in Zi-treated mice was associated with a lower inflammatory score, reduced dendritic cell-producing tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and increased neutrophil-producing interleukin (IL)-10 in the lungs three days after infection (dpi). At 5 dpi, the lungs of treated mice showed an increase in Th2-, Treg CD4+-, and Treg CD8+-producing IL-10 and reduced Th1 infiltrating cells. Furthermore, similar results were found upon Zi treatment after SARS-CoV-2 infection in transgenic mice expressing the human angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor driven by the cytokeratin-18 (K18) gene promoter (K18-hACE2), significantly improving the clinical score, weight loss, and lung inflammatory score compared with untreated animals. Our data suggest that Zi protects against developing severe lung disease during SARS induced by betacoronavirus without affecting the host's capacity to deal with infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela das Dores Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (R.d.D.P.); (R.A.N.R.); (N.F.d.M.O.); (S.L.T.P.); (L.P.d.S.-C.); (F.R.d.S.S.); (F.B.R.O.); (R.F.); (J.S.C.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Rayane Aparecida Nonato Rabelo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (R.d.D.P.); (R.A.N.R.); (N.F.d.M.O.); (S.L.T.P.); (L.P.d.S.-C.); (F.R.d.S.S.); (F.B.R.O.); (R.F.); (J.S.C.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Natália Fernanda de Melo Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (R.d.D.P.); (R.A.N.R.); (N.F.d.M.O.); (S.L.T.P.); (L.P.d.S.-C.); (F.R.d.S.S.); (F.B.R.O.); (R.F.); (J.S.C.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Samuel Luiz Teixeira Porto
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (R.d.D.P.); (R.A.N.R.); (N.F.d.M.O.); (S.L.T.P.); (L.P.d.S.-C.); (F.R.d.S.S.); (F.B.R.O.); (R.F.); (J.S.C.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Ana Claudia dos Santos Pereira Andrade
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.P.A.); (C.M.Q.-J.); (B.L.V.d.S.)
| | - Celso M. Queiroz-Junior
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.P.A.); (C.M.Q.-J.); (B.L.V.d.S.)
| | - César Luís Nascimento Barbosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (R.d.D.P.); (R.A.N.R.); (N.F.d.M.O.); (S.L.T.P.); (L.P.d.S.-C.); (F.R.d.S.S.); (F.B.R.O.); (R.F.); (J.S.C.); (M.M.T.)
- Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Pedro de Souza-Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (R.d.D.P.); (R.A.N.R.); (N.F.d.M.O.); (S.L.T.P.); (L.P.d.S.-C.); (F.R.d.S.S.); (F.B.R.O.); (R.F.); (J.S.C.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Felipe Rocha da Silva Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (R.d.D.P.); (R.A.N.R.); (N.F.d.M.O.); (S.L.T.P.); (L.P.d.S.-C.); (F.R.d.S.S.); (F.B.R.O.); (R.F.); (J.S.C.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Fernando Bento Rodrigues Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (R.d.D.P.); (R.A.N.R.); (N.F.d.M.O.); (S.L.T.P.); (L.P.d.S.-C.); (F.R.d.S.S.); (F.B.R.O.); (R.F.); (J.S.C.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Bárbara Luísa Vieira da Silva
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.P.A.); (C.M.Q.-J.); (B.L.V.d.S.)
| | - Hanna L. Umezu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (H.L.U.); (G.S.F.d.S.)
| | - Raquel Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (R.d.D.P.); (R.A.N.R.); (N.F.d.M.O.); (S.L.T.P.); (L.P.d.S.-C.); (F.R.d.S.S.); (F.B.R.O.); (R.F.); (J.S.C.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Glauber S. F. da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (H.L.U.); (G.S.F.d.S.)
| | - Jader Santos Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (R.d.D.P.); (R.A.N.R.); (N.F.d.M.O.); (S.L.T.P.); (L.P.d.S.-C.); (F.R.d.S.S.); (F.B.R.O.); (R.F.); (J.S.C.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (R.d.D.P.); (R.A.N.R.); (N.F.d.M.O.); (S.L.T.P.); (L.P.d.S.-C.); (F.R.d.S.S.); (F.B.R.O.); (R.F.); (J.S.C.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.P.A.); (C.M.Q.-J.); (B.L.V.d.S.)
| | - Fabiana Simão Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (R.d.D.P.); (R.A.N.R.); (N.F.d.M.O.); (S.L.T.P.); (L.P.d.S.-C.); (F.R.d.S.S.); (F.B.R.O.); (R.F.); (J.S.C.); (M.M.T.)
- Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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Ahmed N, Francis ME, Ahmed N, Kelvin AA, Pezacki JP. microRNA-185 Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection through the Modulation of the Host's Lipid Microenvironment. Viruses 2023; 15:1921. [PMID: 37766327 PMCID: PMC10536008 DOI: 10.3390/v15091921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of the novel betacoronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there has been an urgent need for the development of fast-acting antivirals, particularly in dealing with different variants of concern (VOC). SARS-CoV-2, like other RNA viruses, depends on host cell machinery to propagate and misregulate metabolic pathways to its advantage. Herein, we discovered that the immunometabolic microRNA-185 (miR-185) restricts SARS-CoV-2 propagation by affecting its entry and infectivity. The antiviral effects of miR-185 were studied in SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein pseudotyped virus, surrogate virus (HCoV-229E), as well as live SARS-CoV-2 virus in Huh7, A549, and Calu-3 cells. In each model, we consistently observed microRNA-induced reduction in lipid metabolism pathways-associated genes including SREBP2, SQLE, PPARG, AGPAT3, and SCARB1. Interestingly, we also observed changes in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) levels, the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Taken together, these data show that miR-185 significantly restricts host metabolic and other pathways that appear to be essential to SAR-CoV-2 replication and propagation. Overall, this study highlights an important link between non-coding RNAs, immunometabolic pathways, and viral infection. miR-185 mimics alone or in combination with other antiviral therapeutics represent possible future fast-acting antiviral strategies that are likely to be broadly antiviral against multiple variants as well as different virus types of potential pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Magen E. Francis
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Noreen Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Alyson A. Kelvin
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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20
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English CJ, Lohning AE, Mayr HL, Jones M, MacLaughlin H, Reidlinger DP. The association between dietary quality scores with C-reactive protein and novel biomarkers of inflammation platelet-activating factor and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2: a cross-sectional study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:38. [PMID: 37700354 PMCID: PMC10496320 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00756-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy dietary patterns are associated with lower inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and adherence can be measured using diet quality scores. Inflammation is traditionally measured with C-reactive protein (hsCRP), however there is interest in novel pro-inflammatory markers platelet-activating factor (PAF) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) that are specifically involved in endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between PAF, Lp-PLA2, hsCRP, and six diet scores. One hundred adults (49 ± 13 years, 31% male) with variable CVD risk were recruited. Fasting PAF, Lp-PLA2 and hsCRP and usual dietary intake were measured. Adherence to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Dairy-adjusted DASH, Vegetarian Lifestyle Index, Healthy Eating Index for Australians (HEIFA), Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and PREDIMED-Plus (erMedDiet) scores were calculated. Correlations and multiple regressions were performed. hsCRP, but not PAF, independently correlated with several diet scores. Lp-PLA2 independently correlated with Vegetarian Lifestyle Index only in unadjusted models. A one-point increase in adherence to the DASH Index, the Dairy-adjusted DASH Index and the Vegetarian Lifestyle Index was associated with a 30%, 30%, and 33% reduction in hsCRP levels, respectively. Smaller effects were seen with the other diet scores with a one-point increase in adherence resulting in a 19%, 22% and 16% reduction in hsCRP with HEIFA, MEDAS, erMedDiet scores, respectively. The lack of stronger associations between the novel markers of inflammation and diet scores may be due to confounding by COVID-19 infection and vaccination programs, which prevents any firm conclusion on the relationship between PAF, Lp-PLA2 and healthy dietary patterns. Future research should aim to examine the relationship with these novel markers and healthy dietary patterns in a non-pandemic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J English
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Anna E Lohning
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Hannah L Mayr
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Jones
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Evidence-Based Healthcare, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Helen MacLaughlin
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Nutrition Research Collaborative, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dianne P Reidlinger
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia.
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21
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Zhao M, Zheng Z, Yin Z, Zhang J, Qin J, Wan J, Wang M. Resolvin D2 and its receptor GPR18 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: A promising biomarker and therapeutic target. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106832. [PMID: 37364787 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of the initiation and progression of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (CVMDs). Anti-inflammation strategies and those that promote inflammation resolution have gradually become potential therapeutic approaches for CVMDs. Resolvin D2 (RvD2), a specialized pro-resolving mediator, exerts anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution effects through its receptor GPR18, a G protein-coupled receptor. Recently, the RvD2/GPR18 axis has received more attention due to its protective role in CVMDs, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischaemiareperfusion, and diabetes. Here, we introduce basic information about RvD2 and GPR18, summarize their roles in different immune cells, and review the therapeutic potential of the RvD2/GPR18 axis in CVMDs. In summary, RvD2 and its receptor GPR18 play an important role in the occurrence and development of CVMDs and are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zihui Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zheng Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jishou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Juanjuan Qin
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Center for Healthy Aging, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China.
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22
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Micek A, Bolesławska I, Jagielski P, Konopka K, Waśkiewicz A, Witkowska AM, Przysławski J, Godos J. Association of dietary intake of polyphenols, lignans, and phytosterols with immune-stimulating microbiota and COVID-19 risk in a group of Polish men and women. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1241016. [PMID: 37599696 PMCID: PMC10436747 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1241016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Devastating consequences of COVID-19 disease enhanced the role of promoting prevention-focused practices. Among targeted efforts, diet is regarded as one of the potential factors which can affect immune function and optimal nutrition is postulated as the method of augmentation of people's viral resistance. As epidemiological evidence is scarce, the present study aimed to explore the association between dietary intake of total polyphenols, lignans and plant sterols and the abundance of immunomodulatory gut microbiota such as Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli and the risk of developing COVID-19 disease. Methods Demographic data, dietary habits, physical activity as well as the composition of body and gut microbiota were analyzed in a sample of 95 young healthy individuals. Dietary polyphenol, lignan and plant sterol intakes have been retrieved based on the amount of food consumed by the participants, the phytochemical content was assessed in laboratory analysis and using available databases. Results For all investigated polyphenols and phytosterols, except campesterol, every unit increase in the tertile of intake category was associated with a decrease in the odds of contracting COVID-19. The risk reduction ranged from several dozen percent to 70 %, depending on the individual plant-based chemical, and after controlling for basic covariates it was statistically significant for secoisolariciresinol (OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.11-0.61), total phytosterols (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.22-0.95) and for stigmasterols (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.14-0.72). We found an inverse association between increased β-sitosterol intake and phytosterols in total and the occurrence of Escherichia coli in stool samples outside reference values, with 72% (OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.08-0.86) and 66% (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.10-1.08) reduced odds of abnormal level of bacteria for the highest compared with the lowest tertile of phytochemical consumption. Additionally, there was a trend of more frequent presence of Enterococcus spp. at relevant level in people with a higher intake of lariciresinol. Conclusion The beneficial effects of polyphenols and phytosterols should be emphasized and these plant-based compounds should be regarded in the context of their utility as antiviral agents preventing influenza-type infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Micek
- Statistical Laboratory, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Izabela Bolesławska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Jagielski
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Konopka
- Department of Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Waśkiewicz
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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23
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Ming S, Qu S, Wu Y, Wei J, Zhang G, Jiang G, Huang X. COVID-19 Metabolomic-Guided Amino Acid Therapy Protects from Inflammation and Disease Sequelae. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200265. [PMID: 36775870 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a worldwide pandemic since 2019. A metabolic disorder is a contributing factor to deaths from COVID-19. However, the underlying mechanism of metabolic dysfunction in COVID-19 patients and the potential interventions are not elucidated. Here targeted plasma metabolomic is performed, and the metabolite profiles among healthy controls, and asymptomatic, moderate, and severe COVID-19 patients are compared. Among the altered metabolites, arachidonic acid and linolenic acid pathway metabolites are profoundly up-regulated in COVID-19 patients. Arginine biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism pathways are significantly disturbed in asymptomatic patients. In the comparison of metabolite variances among the groups, higher levels of l-citrulline and l-glutamine are found in asymptomatic carriers and moderate or severe patients at the remission stage. Furthermore, l-citrulline and l-glutamine combination therapy is demonstrated to effectively protect mice from coronavirus infection and endotoxin-induced sepsis, and is observed to efficiently prevent the occurrence of pulmonary fibrosis and central nervous system damage. Collectively, the data reveal the metabolite profile of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients and propose a potential strategy for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Ming
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518100, China
| | - Siying Qu
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Yongjian Wu
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Jiayou Wei
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518100, China
| | - Guanmin Jiang
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518100, China
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24
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Piédrola I, Martínez S, Gradillas A, Villaseñor A, Alonso-Herranz V, Sánchez-Vera I, Escudero E, Martín-Antoniano IA, Varona JF, Ruiz A, Castellano JM, Muñoz Ú, Sádaba MC. Deficiency in the production of antibodies to lipids correlates with increased lipid metabolism in severe COVID-19 patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188786. [PMID: 37426663 PMCID: PMC10327431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antibodies to lipids are part of the first line of defense against microorganisms and regulate the pro/anti-inflammatory balance. Viruses modulate cellular lipid metabolism to enhance their replication, and some of these metabolites are proinflammatory. We hypothesized that antibodies to lipids would play a main role of in the defense against SARS-CoV-2 and thus, they would also avoid the hyperinflammation, a main problem in severe condition patients. Methods Serum samples from COVID-19 patients with mild and severe course, and control group were included. IgG and IgM to different glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids were analyzed using a high-sensitive ELISA developed in our laboratory. A lipidomic approach for studying lipid metabolism was performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS). Results Mild and severe COVID-19 patients had higher levels of IgM to glycerophosphocholines than control group. Mild COVID-19 patients showed higher levels of IgM to glycerophosphoinositol, glycerophosphoserine and sulfatides than control group and mild cases. 82.5% of mild COVID-19 patients showed IgM to glycerophosphoinositol or glycerophosphocholines plus sulfatides or glycerophosphoserines. Only 35% of severe cases and 27.5% of control group were positive for IgM to these lipids. Lipidomic analysis identify a total of 196 lipids, including 172 glycerophospholipids and 24 sphingomyelins. Increased levels of lipid subclasses belonging to lysoglycerophospholipids, ether and/or vinyl-ether-linked glycerophospholipids, and sphingomyelins were observed in severe COVID-19 patients, when compared with those of mild cases and control group. Conclusion Antibodies to lipids are essential for defense against SARS-CoV-2. Patients with low levels of anti-lipid antibodies have an elevated inflammatory response mediated by lysoglycerophospholipids. These findings provide novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Piédrola
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Martínez
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Gradillas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alma Villaseñor
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Alonso-Herranz
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez-Vera
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Escudero
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel A. Martín-Antoniano
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Felipe Varona
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Hospitales de Madrid (HM), Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Ruiz
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Hospitales de Madrid (HM), Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose María Castellano
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Hospitales de Madrid (HM), Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Úrsula Muñoz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - María C. Sádaba
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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Chen P, Wu M, He Y, Jiang B, He ML. Metabolic alterations upon SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential therapeutic targets against coronavirus infection. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:237. [PMID: 37286535 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection has become a global pandemic due to the high viral transmissibility and pathogenesis, bringing enormous burden to our society. Most patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. Although only a small proportion of patients progressed to severe COVID-19 with symptoms including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated coagulopathy, and cardiovascular disorders, severe COVID-19 is accompanied by high mortality rates with near 7 million deaths. Nowadays, effective therapeutic patterns for severe COVID-19 are still lacking. It has been extensively reported that host metabolism plays essential roles in various physiological processes during virus infection. Many viruses manipulate host metabolism to avoid immunity, facilitate their own replication, or to initiate pathological response. Targeting the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host metabolism holds promise for developing therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent studies dedicated to uncovering the role of host metabolism during the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 in aspects of entry, replication, assembly, and pathogenesis with an emphasis on glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. Microbiota and long COVID-19 are also discussed. Ultimately, we recapitulate metabolism-modulating drugs repurposed for COVID-19 including statins, ASM inhibitors, NSAIDs, Montelukast, omega-3 fatty acids, 2-DG, and metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mandi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaqing He
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Binghua Jiang
- Cell Signaling and Proteomic Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China.
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Kawabata K, Sato Y, Kubo T, Tokumura A, Nishi H, Morimoto K. Phospholipid analysis of two influenza A virus-infected cell lines differing in their viral replication kinetics. Arch Virol 2023; 168:132. [PMID: 37027089 PMCID: PMC10080527 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05766-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations in phospholipid composition in infected cells during influenza A virus replication were analyzed using two different susceptible host cell lines: H292 cells, exhibiting a rapid cytopathic effect, and A549 cells, exhibiting a retarded cytopathic effect. Microarray analysis demonstrated that A549 cells recognized influenza A virus invasion, expression of pathogen recognition genes was affected, and antiviral genes were activated. On the other hand, H292 cells did not display such an antiviral state, and in these cells, rapid virus amplification and a rapid cytopathic effect were observed. Levels of ceramide, diacylglycerol, and lysolipids were higher in virus-infected cells than in the corresponding mock-infected cells at the later stages of infection. The accumulation of these lipids in IAV-infected cells occurred together with viral replication. The relationship between the characteristic features of ceramide, diacylglycerol, and lysolipid in the plasma membrane, where enveloped viruses are released, and their role in viral envelope formation are discussed. Our results indicate that viral replication disturbs cellular lipid metabolism, with consequences for viral replication kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kawabata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1, Yasuhigashi, Asaminamiku, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Sato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1, Yasuhigashi, Asaminamiku, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan
| | - Takanori Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1, Yasuhigashi, Asaminamiku, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1, Yasuhigashi, Asaminamiku, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1, Yasuhigashi, Asaminamiku, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan
| | - Kinjiro Morimoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1, Yasuhigashi, Asaminamiku, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan.
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Zhao L, Yao L, Chen R, He J, Lin T, Qiu S, Chen G, Chen H, Qiu SX. Pinostrobin from plants and propolis against human coronavirus HCoV-OC43 by modulating host AHR/CYP1A1 pathway and lipid metabolism. Antiviral Res 2023; 212:105570. [PMID: 36863496 PMCID: PMC9974210 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Coronaviruses, as enveloped positive-strand RNA viruses, manipulate host lipid compositions to enable robust viral replication. Temporal modulation of the host lipid metabolism is a potential novel strategy against coronaviruses. Here, the dihydroxyflavone pinostrobin (PSB) was identified through bioassay that inhibited the increment of human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) in human ileocecal colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Lipid metabolomic studies showed that PSB interfered with linoleic acid and arachidonic acid metabolism pathways. PSB significantly decreased the level of 12, 13- epoxyoctadecenoic (12, 13-EpOME) and increased the level of prostaglandin E2. Interestingly, exogenous supplement of 12, 13-EpOME in HCoV-OC43-infected cells significantly stimulated HCoV-OC43 virus replication. Transcriptomic analyses showed that PSB is a negative modulator of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)/cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1signaling pathway and its antiviral effects can be counteracted by supplement of FICZ, a well-known AHR agonist. Integrative analyses of metabolomic and transcriptomic indicated that PSB could affect linoleic acid and arachidonic acid metabolism axis through AHR/CYP1A1 pathway. These results highlight the importance of the AHR/CYP1A1 pathway and lipid metabolism in the anti-coronavirus activity of the bioflavonoid PSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Liyuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jiani He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Tingting Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Silin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Guohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Hongfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China.
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Carmo HRP, Yoshinaga MY, Castillo AR, Britto Chaves-Filho A, Bonilha I, Barreto J, Muraro SP, de Souza GF, Davanzo GG, Perroud MW, Lukhna K, Ntsekhe M, Davidson S, Velloso LA, Nadruz W, Carvalho LSF, Sáinz-Jaspeado M, Farias AS, Proença-Módena JL, Moraes-Vieira PM, Karathanasis SK, Yellon D, Miyamoto S, Remaley AT, Sposito AC. Phenotypic changes in low-density lipoprotein particles as markers of adverse clinical outcomes in COVID-19. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 138:107552. [PMID: 36889041 PMCID: PMC9969752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plasma concentration decline is a biomarker for acute inflammatory diseases, including coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Phenotypic changes in LDL during COVID-19 may be equally related to adverse clinical outcomes. METHODS Individuals hospitalized due to COVID-19 (n = 40) were enrolled. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 30 (D0, D2, D4, D6, and D30). Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity were measured. In a consecutive series of cases (n = 13), LDL was isolated by gradient ultracentrifugation from D0 and D6 and was quantified by lipidomic analysis. Association between clinical outcomes and LDL phenotypic changes was investigated. RESULTS In the first 30 days, 42.5% of participants died due to Covid-19. The serum ox-LDL increased from D0 to D6 (p < 0.005) and decreased at D30. Moreover, individuals who had an ox-LDL increase from D0 to D6 to over the 90th percentile died. The plasma Lp-PLA2 activity also increased progressively from D0 to D30 (p < 0.005), and the change from D0 to D6 in Lp-PLA2 and ox-LDL were positively correlated (r = 0.65, p < 0.0001). An exploratory untargeted lipidomic analysis uncovered 308 individual lipids in isolated LDL particles. Paired-test analysis from D0 and D6 revealed higher concentrations of 32 lipid species during disease progression, mainly represented by lysophosphatidyl choline and phosphatidylinositol. In addition, 69 lipid species were exclusively modulated in the LDL particles from non-survivors as compared to survivors. CONCLUSIONS Phenotypic changes in LDL particles are associated with disease progression and adverse clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients and could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Y Yoshinaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Stéfanie Primon Muraro
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Fabiano de Souza
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Gastão Davanzo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Kishal Lukhna
- Division of Cardiology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mpiko Ntsekhe
- Division of Cardiology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sean Davidson
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Internal Medicine Department, Unicamp Medical School, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson Nadruz
- Cardiology Division, Unicamp Medical School, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandro S Farias
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunomodulation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Hub of Global Health (HGH), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Proença-Módena
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Hub of Global Health (HGH), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Hub of Global Health (HGH), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sotirios K Karathanasis
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory Translational Vascular Medicine Branch National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Derek Yellon
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory Translational Vascular Medicine Branch National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Toelzer C, Gupta K, Berger I, Schaffitzel C. Cryo-EM reveals binding of linoleic acid to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, suggesting an antiviral treatment strategy. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2023; 79:111-121. [PMID: 36762857 PMCID: PMC9912919 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798323000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and concomitant lockdowns presented a global health challenge and triggered unprecedented research efforts to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. The spike glycoprotein decorating the surface of SARS-CoV-2 virions is a prime target for vaccine development, antibody therapy and serology as it binds the host cell receptor and is central for viral cell entry. The electron cryo-microscopy structure of the spike protein revealed a hydrophobic pocket in the receptor-binding domain that is occupied by an essential fatty acid, linoleic acid (LA). The LA-bound spike protein adopts a non-infectious locked conformation which is more stable than the infectious form and shields important immunogenic epitopes. Here, the impact of LA binding on viral infectivity and replication, and the evolutionary conservation of the pocket in other highly pathogenic coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), are reviewed. The importance of LA metabolic products, the eicosanoids, in regulating the human immune response and inflammation is highlighted. Lipid and fatty-acid binding to a hydrophobic pocket in proteins on the virion surface appears to be a broader strategy employed by viruses, including picornaviruses and Zika virus. Ligand binding stabilizes their protein structure and assembly, and downregulates infectivity. In the case of rhinoviruses, this has been exploited to develop small-molecule antiviral drugs that bind to the hydrophobic pocket. The results suggest a COVID-19 antiviral treatment based on the LA-binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Toelzer
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre: BrisSynBio, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kapil Gupta
- Imophoron Ltd, St Philips Central, Albert Road, Bristol BS2 0XJ, United Kingdom
| | - Imre Berger
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre: BrisSynBio, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
- Max Planck Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Christiane Schaffitzel
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre: BrisSynBio, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
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30
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Ehrlich A, Ioannidis K, Nasar M, Abu Alkian I, Daskal Y, Atari N, Kliker L, Rainy N, Hofree M, Shafran Tikva S, Houri I, Cicero A, Pavanello C, Sirtori CR, Cohen JB, Chirinos JA, Deutsch L, Cohen M, Gottlieb A, Bar-Chaim A, Shibolet O, Mandelboim M, Maayan SL, Nahmias Y. Efficacy and safety of metabolic interventions for the treatment of severe COVID-19: in vitro, observational, and non-randomized open-label interventional study. eLife 2023; 12:79946. [PMID: 36705566 PMCID: PMC9937660 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Viral infection is associated with a significant rewire of the host metabolic pathways, presenting attractive metabolic targets for intervention. Methods We chart the metabolic response of lung epithelial cells to SARS-CoV-2 infection in primary cultures and COVID-19 patient samples and perform in vitro metabolism-focused drug screen on primary lung epithelial cells infected with different strains of the virus. We perform observational analysis of Israeli patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 and comparative epidemiological analysis from cohorts in Italy and the Veteran's Health Administration in the United States. In addition, we perform a prospective non-randomized interventional open-label study in which 15 patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 were given 145 mg/day of nanocrystallized fenofibrate added to the standard of care. Results SARS-CoV-2 infection produced transcriptional changes associated with increased glycolysis and lipid accumulation. Metabolism-focused drug screen showed that fenofibrate reversed lipid accumulation and blocked SARS-CoV-2 replication through a PPARα-dependent mechanism in both alpha and delta variants. Analysis of 3233 Israeli patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 supported in vitro findings. Patients taking fibrates showed significantly lower markers of immunoinflammation and faster recovery. Additional corroboration was received by comparative epidemiological analysis from cohorts in Europe and the United States. A subsequent prospective non-randomized interventional open-label study was carried out on 15 patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19. The patients were treated with 145 mg/day of nanocrystallized fenofibrate in addition to standard-of-care. Patients receiving fenofibrate demonstrated a rapid reduction in inflammation and a significantly faster recovery compared to patients admitted during the same period. Conclusions Taken together, our data suggest that pharmacological modulation of PPARα should be strongly considered as a potential therapeutic approach for SARS-CoV-2 infection and emphasizes the need to complete the study of fenofibrate in large randomized controlled clinical trials. Funding Funding was provided by European Research Council Consolidator Grants OCLD (project no. 681870) and generous gifts from the Nikoh Foundation and the Sam and Rina Frankel Foundation (YN). The interventional study was supported by Abbott (project FENOC0003). Clinical trial number NCT04661930.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Ehrlich
- Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer Science and EngineeringJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life SciencesJerusalemIsrael
| | - Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer Science and EngineeringJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life SciencesJerusalemIsrael
| | - Makram Nasar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Barzilai Medical CenterAshkelonIsrael
| | | | - Yuval Daskal
- Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer Science and EngineeringJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life SciencesJerusalemIsrael
| | - Nofar Atari
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
| | - Limor Kliker
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
| | - Nir Rainy
- Laboratory Division, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical CenterZerifinItaly
| | - Matan Hofree
- Klarman Cell Observatory, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeUnited States
| | - Sigal Shafran Tikva
- Laboratory Division, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical CenterZerifinItaly
- Hadassah Research and Innovation CenterJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of School of Life and Health Sciences, The Jerusalem College of Technology Lev Academic CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Inbal Houri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - Arrigo Cicero
- IRCSS S.Orsola-Malpighi University HospitalBolognaItaly
| | - Chiara Pavanello
- Centro Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItaly
- Centro Dislipidemie, Niguarda HospitalMilanoItaly
| | | | - Jordana B Cohen
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Julio A Chirinos
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | | | - Merav Cohen
- Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer Science and EngineeringJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life SciencesJerusalemIsrael
| | - Amichai Gottlieb
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Barzilai Medical CenterAshkelonIsrael
| | - Adina Bar-Chaim
- Laboratory Division, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical CenterZerifinItaly
| | - Oren Shibolet
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | | | - Shlomo L Maayan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Barzilai Medical CenterAshkelonIsrael
| | - Yaakov Nahmias
- Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer Science and EngineeringJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life SciencesJerusalemIsrael
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31
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Wang M, Zhang Y, Li C, Chang W, Zhang L. The relationship between gut microbiota and COVID-19 progression: new insights into immunopathogenesis and treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1180336. [PMID: 37205106 PMCID: PMC10185909 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a global health crisis. Increasing evidence underlines the key role of competent immune responses in resisting SARS-CoV-2 infection and manifests the disastrous consequence of host immune dysregulation. Elucidating the mechanisms responsible for deregulated host immunity in COVID-19 may provide a theoretical basis for further research on new treatment modalities. Gut microbiota comprises trillions of microorganisms colonizing the human gastrointestinal tract and has a vital role in immune homeostasis and the gut-lung crosstalk. Particularly, SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to the disruption of gut microbiota equilibrium, a condition called gut dysbiosis. Due to its regulatory effect on host immunity, gut microbiota has recently received considerable attention in the field of SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology. Imbalanced gut microbiota can fuel COVID-19 progression through production of bioactive metabolites, intestinal metabolism, enhancement of the cytokine storm, exaggeration of inflammation, regulation of adaptive immunity and other aspects. In this review, we provide an overview of the alterations in gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients, and their effects on individuals' susceptibility to viral infection and COVID-19 progression. Moreover, we summarize currently available data on the critical role of the bidirectional regulation between intestinal microbes and host immunity in SARS-CoV-2-induced pathology, and highlight the immunomodulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota contributing to COVID-19 pathogenesis. In addition, we discuss the therapeutic benefits and future perspectives of microbiota-targeted interventions including faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), bacteriotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Man Wang, ; Chunmei Li,
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Radiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Man Wang, ; Chunmei Li,
| | - Wenguang Chang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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32
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English CJ, Lohning AE, Mayr HL, Jones M, Reidlinger DP. Interrelationships among platelet-activating factor and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 activity and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Biofactors 2022; 49:457-471. [PMID: 36538603 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has been assessed through blood lipids and inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Recent clinical interest in novel pro-inflammatory markers platelet-activating factor (PAF) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2 ) recognizes that vascular damage can exist in the absence of traditional risk factors. This cross-sectional study investigated the potential relationship between circulating PAF, Lp-PLA2 , hsCRP, and traditional risk factors for CVD. One hundred adults (49 ± 13 years, 31% male) with variable CVD risk were recruited. Fasting inflammatory markers PAF, Lp-PLA2 and hsCRP and total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured. Blood pressure, body mass index, and waist circumference were measured. Medical and physical activity data were self-reported. Linear and multiple regressions were performed. PAF, Lp-PLA2 , and hsCRP independently correlated with several CVD risk factors. PAF was correlated significantly with risk factors in an unexpected way; there was a medium positive correlation between PAF and HDL cholesterol (r = 0.394, p < 0.001) and medium negative correlations with Total:HDL cholesterol; (r = -0.436, p < 0.001) systolic blood pressure; (r = -0.307, p = 0.001); BMI (r = -0.381, p < 0.001); and waist circumference (r = -0.404, p < 0.001). There were large positive correlations between Lp-PLA2 and LDL (r = 0.525, p < 0.001) and non-HDL cholesterol (r = 0.508, p < 0.001). There were large positive correlations between hsCRP and Total:HDL cholesterol (r = 0.524, p < 0.001); BMI (r = 0.668, p < 0.001); and waist circumference (r = 0.676, p < 0.001). PAF, Lp-PLA2 , and hsCRP are implicated in the pathophysiology of inflammation in CVD; however, the relationships between each marker and traditional risk factors were different suggesting they may be involved in different atherogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J English
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anna E Lohning
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hannah L Mayr
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Jones
- Institute of Evidence-Based Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dianne P Reidlinger
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
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Chirinos JA, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Dávila-Del-Carpio GH, Bizri AR, Andrade-Villanueva JF, Salman O, Cure-Cure C, Rosado-Santander NR, Cornejo Giraldo MP, González-Hernández LA, Moghnieh R, Angeliki R, Cruz Saldarriaga ME, Pariona M, Medina C, Dimitroulis I, Vlachopoulos C, Gutierrez C, Rodriguez-Mori JE, Gomez-Laiton E, Cotrina Pereyra R, Ravelo Hernández JL, Arbañil H, Accini-Mendoza J, Pérez-Mayorga M, Milionis C, Poulakou G, Sánchez G, Valdivia-Vega R, Villavicencio-Carranza M, Ayala-García RJ, Castro-Callirgos CA, Alfaro Carrasco RM, Garrido Lecca Danos W, Sharkoski T, Greene K, Pourmussa B, Greczylo C, Ortega-Legaspi J, Jacoby D, Chittams J, Katsaounou P, Alexiou Z, Sympardi S, Sweitzer NK, Putt M, Cohen JB. A randomized clinical trial of lipid metabolism modulation with fenofibrate for acute coronavirus disease 2019. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1847-1857. [PMID: 36344766 PMCID: PMC9640855 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cytotoxicity may involve inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. Fenofibrate activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. Whether fenofibrate can be used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in humans remains unknown. Here, we randomly assigned inpatients and outpatients with COVID-19 within 14 d of symptom onset to 145 mg of oral fenofibrate nanocrystal formulation versus placebo for 10 d, in a double-blinded fashion. The primary endpoint was a severity score whereby participants were ranked across hierarchical tiers incorporating time to death, mechanical ventilation duration, oxygenation, hospitalization and symptom severity and duration. In total, 701 participants were randomized to fenofibrate (n = 351) or placebo (n = 350). The mean age of participants was 49 ± 16 years, 330 (47%) were female, mean body mass index was 28 ± 6 kg/m2 and 102 (15%) had diabetes. Death occurred in 41 participants. Compared with placebo, fenofibrate had no effect on the primary endpoint. The median (interquartile range) rank in the placebo arm was 347 (172, 453) versus 345 (175, 453) in the fenofibrate arm (P = 0.819). There was no difference in secondary and exploratory endpoints, including all-cause death, across arms. There were 61 (17%) adverse events in the placebo arm compared with 46 (13%) in the fenofibrate arm, with slightly higher incidence of gastrointestinal side effects in the fenofibrate group. Overall, among patients with COVID-19, fenofibrate has no significant effect on various clinically relevant outcomes ( NCT04517396 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Chirinos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo
- Instituto de Investigación MASIRA, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School and Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Oday Salman
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School and Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Athens, Greece
- Department of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | | | - Luz A González-Hernández
- Unidad de VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara and Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Rima Moghnieh
- Department of Medicine, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rapti Angeliki
- 6th Department of Pulmonary Medicine, SOTIRIA Athens General Hospital of Chest Disease, Athens, Greece
| | - María E Cruz Saldarriaga
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales, Hospital Nacional Adolfo Guevara Velasco, Cuzco, Peru
| | - Marcos Pariona
- Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Carola Medina
- Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Ioannis Dimitroulis
- 6th Department of Pulmonary Medicine, SOTIRIA Athens General Hospital of Chest Disease, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalambos Vlachopoulos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School,, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Juan E Rodriguez-Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Nacional Alberto Sabogal Sologuren, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Charalampos Milionis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ioannina University General Hospital, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Garyfallia Poulakou
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tiffany Sharkoski
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School and Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Athens, Greece
| | - Katherine Greene
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School and Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Athens, Greece
| | - Bianca Pourmussa
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School and Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Athens, Greece
| | - Candy Greczylo
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School and Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Athens, Greece
| | - Juan Ortega-Legaspi
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School and Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Athens, Greece
| | - Douglas Jacoby
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School and Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Athens, Greece
| | - Jesse Chittams
- Biostatistics Analysis Core, Office of Nursing Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paraskevi Katsaounou
- Section of Pneumonology and Respiratory Failure, 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi Alexiou
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, THRIASIO Eleusis General Hospital, Eleusis, Greece
| | - Styliani Sympardi
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, THRIASIO Eleusis General Hospital, Eleusis, Greece
| | - Nancy K Sweitzer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mary Putt
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jordana B Cohen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Toelzer C, Gupta K, Yadav SKN, Hodgson L, Williamson MK, Buzas D, Borucu U, Powers K, Stenner R, Vasileiou K, Garzoni F, Fitzgerald D, Payré C, Gautam G, Lambeau G, Davidson AD, Verkade P, Frank M, Berger I, Schaffitzel C. The free fatty acid-binding pocket is a conserved hallmark in pathogenic β-coronavirus spike proteins from SARS-CoV to Omicron. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadc9179. [PMID: 36417532 PMCID: PMC9683698 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) persists, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) emerge, accumulating spike (S) glycoprotein mutations. S receptor binding domain (RBD) comprises a free fatty acid (FFA)-binding pocket. FFA binding stabilizes a locked S conformation, interfering with virus infectivity. We provide evidence that the pocket is conserved in pathogenic β-coronaviruses (β-CoVs) infecting humans. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and VOCs bind the essential FFA linoleic acid (LA), while binding is abolished by one mutation in common cold-causing HCoV-HKU1. In the SARS-CoV S structure, LA stabilizes the locked conformation, while the open, infectious conformation is devoid of LA. Electron tomography of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells reveals that LA treatment inhibits viral replication, resulting in fewer deformed virions. Our results establish FFA binding as a hallmark of pathogenic β-CoV infection and replication, setting the stage for FFA-based antiviral strategies to overcome COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Toelzer
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Kapil Gupta
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
- Imophoron Ltd., St. Philips Central, Albert Rd, Bristol BS2 0XJ, UK
| | - Sathish K. N. Yadav
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Lorna Hodgson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | | | - Dora Buzas
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
- Max Planck Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Ufuk Borucu
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Kyle Powers
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Richard Stenner
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Kate Vasileiou
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Frederic Garzoni
- Imophoron Ltd., St. Philips Central, Albert Rd, Bristol BS2 0XJ, UK
| | - Daniel Fitzgerald
- Halo Therapeutics Ltd., St. Philips Central, Albert Rd, Bristol BS2 0XJ, UK
| | - Christine Payré
- Université Côte d’Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Gunjan Gautam
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Université Côte d’Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Andrew D. Davidson
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Paul Verkade
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | | | - Imre Berger
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
- Max Planck Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
- Halo Therapeutics Ltd., St. Philips Central, Albert Rd, Bristol BS2 0XJ, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Christiane Schaffitzel
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
- Halo Therapeutics Ltd., St. Philips Central, Albert Rd, Bristol BS2 0XJ, UK
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35
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dos Santos AAC, Rodrigues LE, Alecrim-Zeza AL, de Araújo Ferreira L, Trettel CDS, Gimenes GM, da Silva AF, Sousa-Filho CPB, Serdan TDA, Levada-Pires AC, Hatanaka E, Borges FT, de Barros MP, Cury-Boaventura MF, Bertolini GL, Cassolla P, Marzuca-Nassr GN, Vitzel KF, Pithon-Curi TC, Masi LN, Curi R, Gorjao R, Hirabara SM. Molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in tissue-specific metabolic modulation by SARS-CoV-2. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1037467. [PMID: 36439786 PMCID: PMC9684198 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1037467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is triggered by the SARS-CoV-2, which is able to infect and cause dysfunction not only in lungs, but also in multiple organs, including central nervous system, skeletal muscle, kidneys, heart, liver, and intestine. Several metabolic disturbances are associated with cell damage or tissue injury, but the mechanisms involved are not yet fully elucidated. Some potential mechanisms involved in the COVID-19-induced tissue dysfunction are proposed, such as: (a) High expression and levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α IL-6, IL-1β, INF-α and INF-β, increasing the systemic and tissue inflammatory state; (b) Induction of oxidative stress due to redox imbalance, resulting in cell injury or death induced by elevated production of reactive oxygen species; and (c) Deregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, exacerbating the inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. In this review, we discuss the main metabolic disturbances observed in different target tissues of SARS-CoV-2 and the potential mechanisms involved in these changes associated with the tissue dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Eduardo Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lins Alecrim-Zeza
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liliane de Araújo Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio dos Santos Trettel
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Mandú Gimenes
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelson Fernandes da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tamires Duarte Afonso Serdan
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adriana Cristina Levada-Pires
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Hatanaka
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Teixeira Borges
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Divisão de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Paes de Barros
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Cury-Boaventura
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Lopes Bertolini
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Science Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Priscila Cassolla
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Science Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Kaio Fernando Vitzel
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tania Cristina Pithon-Curi
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laureane Nunes Masi
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Gorjao
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Massao Hirabara
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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36
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Linoleic acid binds to SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and represses replication of seasonal human coronavirus OC43. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19114. [PMID: 36352079 PMCID: PMC9645759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids belong to a group of compounds already acknowledged for their broad antiviral efficacy. However, little is yet known about their effect on replication of human coronaviruses. To shed light on this subject, we first screened 15 fatty acids, three lipid-soluble vitamins, and cholesterol, on SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, and identified the four fatty acids with the highest RdRp inhibitory potential. Among them, linoleic acid was found to have the greatest interaction with SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, with its direct binding to the cavity formed by the RNA double helix and protein. Linoleic acid forms hydrophobic interactions with multiple residues, and at the same time forms electrostatic interactions including the hydrogen bond with Lys593 and Asp865. In line with these results, a dose-dependent inhibition of HCoV-OC43 replication in vitro was observed, additionally strengthened by data from in vivo study, which also confirmed anti-inflammatory potential of linoleic acid. Based on these results, we concluded that our study provides a new understanding of the antiviral properties of fatty acids against human coronaviruses including the SARS-CoV-2 strain. Particularly, they lays down a new prospect for linoleic acid's RdRp-inhibitory activity, as a candidate for further studies, which are warranted to corroborate the results presented here.
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37
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Yan B, Fung K, Ye S, Lai PM, Wei YX, Sze KH, Yang D, Gao P, Kao RYT. Linoleic acid metabolism activation in macrophages promotes the clearing of intracellular Staphylococcus aureus. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12445-12460. [PMID: 36382278 PMCID: PMC9629105 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04307f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens pose an increasing threat to human health. Certain bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, are able to survive within professional phagocytes to escape the bactericidal effects of antibiotics and evade killing by immune cells, potentially leading to chronic or persistent infections. By investigating the macrophage response to S. aureus infection, we may devise a strategy to prime the innate immune system to eliminate the infected bacteria. Here we applied untargeted tandem mass spectrometry to characterize the lipidome alteration in S. aureus infected J774A.1 macrophage cells at multiple time points. Linoleic acid (LA) metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism pathways were found to be two major perturbed pathways upon S. aureus infection. The subsequent validation has shown that sphingolipid metabolism suppression impaired macrophage phagocytosis and enhanced intracellular bacteria survival. Meanwhile LA metabolism activation significantly reduced intracellular S. aureus survival without affecting the phagocytic capacity of the macrophage. Furthermore, exogenous LA treatment also exhibited significant bacterial load reduction in multiple organs in a mouse bacteremia model. Two mechanisms are proposed to be involved in this progress: exogenous LA supplement increases downstream metabolites that partially contribute to LA's capacity of intracellular bacteria-killing and LA induces intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through an electron transport chain pathway in multiple immune cell lines, which further increases the capacity of killing intracellular bacteria. Collectively, our findings not only have characterized specific lipid pathways associated with the function of macrophages but also demonstrated that exogenous LA addition may activate lipid modulator-mediated innate immunity as a potential therapy for bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingpeng Yan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong 21 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong China
| | - Kingchun Fung
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong 21 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong China
| | - Sen Ye
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Pok-Man Lai
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong 21 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong China
| | - Yuan Xin Wei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong 21 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong China
| | - Kong-Hung Sze
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong 21 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong China
| | - Dan Yang
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong 21 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong China
| | - Richard Yi-Tsun Kao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong 21 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong China
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Guntur VP, Nemkov T, de Boer E, Mohning MP, Baraghoshi D, Cendali FI, San-Millán I, Petrache I, D’Alessandro A. Signatures of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Impaired Fatty Acid Metabolism in Plasma of Patients with Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Metabolites 2022; 12:1026. [PMID: 36355108 PMCID: PMC9699059 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise intolerance is a major manifestation of post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (PASC, or "long-COVID"). Exercise intolerance in PASC is associated with higher arterial blood lactate accumulation and lower fatty acid oxidation rates during graded exercise tests to volitional exertion, suggesting altered metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction. It remains unclear whether the profound disturbances in metabolism that have been identified in plasma from patients suffering from acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are also present in PASC. To bridge this gap, individuals with a history of previous acute COVID-19 infection that did not require hospitalization were enrolled at National Jewish Health (Denver, CO, USA) and were grouped into those that developed PASC (n = 29) and those that fully recovered (n = 16). Plasma samples from the two groups were analyzed via mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics and compared against plasma metabolic profiles of healthy control individuals (n = 30). Observational demographic and clinical data were retrospectively abstracted from the medical record. Compared to plasma of healthy controls or individuals who recovered from COVID-19, PASC plasma exhibited significantly higher free- and carnitine-conjugated mono-, poly-, and highly unsaturated fatty acids, accompanied by markedly lower levels of mono-, di- and tricarboxylates (pyruvate, lactate, citrate, succinate, and malate), polyamines (spermine) and taurine. Plasma from individuals who fully recovered from COVID-19 exhibited an intermediary metabolic phenotype, with milder disturbances in fatty acid metabolism and higher levels of spermine and taurine. Of note, depletion of tryptophan-a hallmark of disease severity in COVID-19-is not normalized in PASC patients, despite normalization of kynurenine levels-a tryptophan metabolite that predicts mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In conclusion, PASC plasma metabolites are indicative of altered fatty acid metabolism and dysfunctional mitochondria-dependent lipid catabolism. These metabolic profiles obtained at rest are consistent with previously reported mitochondrial dysfunction during exercise, and may pave the way for therapeutic intervention focused on restoring mitochondrial fat-burning capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsi P. Guntur
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Esther de Boer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael P. Mohning
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - David Baraghoshi
- Department of Biostatistics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Francesca I. Cendali
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Inigo San-Millán
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
| | - Irina Petrache
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Biltekin S, Karadaǧ AE, Demirci B, Demirci F. ACE2 and LOX Enzyme Inhibitions of Different Lavender Essential Oils and Major Components Linalool and Camphor. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:36561-36566. [PMID: 36278093 PMCID: PMC9583641 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this present study, Lavandula angustifolia, Lavandula stoechas, and Lavandula × heterophylla essential oils and their main compounds linalool and camphor were evaluated in vitro for lipoxygenase enzyme (LOX) and for angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibition potential. The chemical compositions of L. angustifolia, L. stoechas, and L. heterophylla essential oils were confirmed both by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection, where 22.4, 0.9, and 30.6% linalool and 17.8, 54.7, and 15% camphor were identified for each oil among other components, respectively. Enzyme inhibitory activity studies were performed at 20 μg/mL for the tested essential oils, whereas for linalool and camphor concentrations, 5 μg/mL was used. The ACE2 inhibitions of L. angustifolia, L. stoechas, and L. heterophylla essential oils were 25.4, 34.1, and 27.1%, while the LOX inhibitions were observed as 79, 49.1, and 86.7%, respectively. In addition, linalool and camphor showed remarkable ACE2 inhibition with 77.1 and 85.1%, whereas the LOX inhibition was observed at 92 and 67.2%, respectively. In conclusion of the initial findings, further detailed in vivo studies are needed to confirm the safe use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevde
Nur Biltekin
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
- Institute
of Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Esra Karadaǧ
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul
Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
- Graduate
School of Health Sciences, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Betül Demirci
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu
University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Fatih Demirci
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu
University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
- Faculty of
Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, N. Cyprus, Mersin 10, Famagusta 99450, Turkey
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40
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He Z, Zhong Y, Liao M, Dai L, Wang Y, Zhang S, Sun C. Integrated analysis of intestinal microbiota and metabolomic reveals that decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) infection induces secondary bacterial infection and metabolic reprogramming in Marsupenaeus japonicus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:982717. [PMID: 36189245 PMCID: PMC9524744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with global warming and increasing marine pollution, some novel marine viruses have become widespread in the aquaculture industry, causing huge losses to the aquaculture industry. Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) is one of the newly discovered marine viruses that has been reported to be detected in a variety of farmed crustacean and wild populations. Several previous studies have found that DIV1 can induce Warburg effect-related gene expression. In this study, the effects of DIV1 infection on intestinal health of shrimp were further explored from the aspects of histological, enzymatic activities, microorganisms and metabolites using Marsupenaeus japonicus as the object of study. The results showed that obvious injury in the intestinal mucosa was observed after DIV1 infection, the oxidative and antioxidant capacity of the shrimp intestine was unbalanced, the activity of lysozyme was decreased, and the activities of digestive enzymes were disordered, and secondary bacterial infection was caused. Furthermore, the increased abundance of harmful bacteria, such as Photobacterium and Vibrio, may synergized with DIV1 to promote the Warburg effect and induce metabolic reprogramming, thereby providing material and energy for DIV1 replication. This study is the first to report the changes of intestinal microbiota and metabolites of M. japonicus under DIV1 infection, demonstrating that DIV1 can induce secondary bacterial infection and metabolic reprogramming. Several bacteria and metabolites highly associated with DIV1 infection were screened, which may be leveraged for diagnosis of pathogenic infections or incorporated as exogenous metabolites to enhance immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao He
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yunqi Zhong
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Minze Liao
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Linxin Dai
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Chengbo Sun, ; Shuang Zhang,
| | - Chengbo Sun
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Chengbo Sun, ; Shuang Zhang,
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41
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Branche E, Wang YT, Viramontes KM, Valls Cuevas JM, Xie J, Ana-Sosa-Batiz F, Shafee N, Duttke SH, McMillan RE, Clark AE, Nguyen MN, Garretson AF, Crames JJ, Spann NJ, Zhu Z, Rich JN, Spector DH, Benner C, Shresta S, Carlin AF. SREBP2-dependent lipid gene transcription enhances the infection of human dendritic cells by Zika virus. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5341. [PMID: 36097162 PMCID: PMC9465152 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) as a global health threat has highlighted the unmet need for ZIKV-specific vaccines and antiviral treatments. ZIKV infects dendritic cells (DC), which have pivotal functions in activating innate and adaptive antiviral responses; however, the mechanisms by which DC function is subverted to establish ZIKV infection are unclear. Here we develop a genomics profiling method that enables discrete analysis of ZIKV-infected versus neighboring, uninfected primary human DCs to increase the sensitivity and specificity with which ZIKV-modulated pathways can be identified. The results show that ZIKV infection specifically increases the expression of genes enriched for lipid metabolism-related functions. ZIKV infection also increases the recruitment of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors to lipid gene promoters, while pharmacologic inhibition or genetic silencing of SREBP2 suppresses ZIKV infection of DCs. Our data thus identify SREBP2-activated transcription as a mechanism for promoting ZIKV infection amenable to therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Branche
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ying-Ting Wang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Karla M Viramontes
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joan M Valls Cuevas
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jialei Xie
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Fernanda Ana-Sosa-Batiz
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Norazizah Shafee
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sascha H Duttke
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Rachel E McMillan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alex E Clark
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael N Nguyen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Aaron F Garretson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jan J Crames
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nathan J Spann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Neurology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Deborah H Spector
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Christopher Benner
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Aaron F Carlin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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42
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Tirado-Kulieva VA, Hernández-Martínez E, Choque-Rivera TJ. Phenolic compounds versus SARS-CoV-2: An update on the main findings against COVID-19. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10702. [PMID: 36157310 PMCID: PMC9484857 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 remains an international concern. Although there are drugs to fight it, new natural alternatives such as polyphenols are essential due to their antioxidant activity and high antiviral potential. In this context, this review reports the main findings on the effect of phenolic compounds (PCs) against SARS-CoV-2 virus. First, the proven activity of PCs against different human viruses is briefly detailed, which serves as a starting point to study their anti-COVID-19 potential. SARS-CoV-2 targets (its proteins) are defined. Findings from in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies of a wide variety of phenolic compounds are shown, emphasizing their mechanism of action, which is fundamental for drug design. Furthermore, clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of PCs in the prevention and as a possible therapeutic management against COVID-19. The results were complemented with information on the influence of polyphenols in strengthening/modulating the immune system. It is recommended to investigate compounds such as vitamins, minerals, alkaloids, triterpenes and fatty acids, and their synergistic use with PCs, many of which have been successful against SARS-CoV-2. Based on findings on other viruses, synergistic evaluation of PCs with accepted drugs against COVID-19 is also suggested. Other recommendations and limitations are also shown, which is useful for professionals involved in the development of efficient, safe and low-cost therapeutic strategies based on plant matrices rich in PCs. To the authors' knowledge, this manuscript is the first to evaluate the relationship between the antiviral and immunomodulatory (including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects) activity of PCs and their underlying mechanisms in relation to the fight against COVID-19. It is also of interest for the general population to be informed about the importance of consuming foods rich in bioactive compounds for their health benefits. Phenolic compounds are known for their high potential against various human viruses. Phenolic compounds also have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. Medicinal plants used against COVID-19 are rich in phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds interfere with the activity of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. A wide variety of food products with high polyphenolic content are presented.
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Lai M, De Carli A, Filipponi C, Iacono E, La Rocca V, Lottini G, Piazza CR, Quaranta P, Sidoti M, Pistello M, Freer G. Lipid balance remodelling by human positive-strand RNA viruses and the contribution of lysosomes. Antiviral Res 2022; 206:105398. [PMID: 35985406 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A marked reorganization of internal membranes occurs in the cytoplasm of cells infected by single stranded positive-sense RNA viruses. Most cell compartments change their asset to provide lipids for membrane rearrangement into replication organelles, where to concentrate viral proteins and enzymes while hiding from pathogen pattern recognition molecules. Because the endoplasmic reticulum is a central hub for lipid metabolism, when viruses hijack the organelle to form their replication organelles, a cascade of events change the intracellular environment. This results in a marked increase in lipid consumption, both by lipolysis and lipophagy of lipid droplets. In addition, lipids are used to produce energy for viral replication. At the same time, inflammation is started by signalling lipids, where lysosomal processing plays a relevant role. This review is aimed at providing an overview on what takes place after human class IV viruses have released their genome into the host cell and the consequences on lipid metabolism, including lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Lai
- Centro Retrovirus, Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale, Strada Statale del Brennero 2, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56127, Italy.
| | - Alessandro De Carli
- Centro Retrovirus, Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale, Strada Statale del Brennero 2, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56127, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy.
| | - Carolina Filipponi
- Centro Retrovirus, Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale, Strada Statale del Brennero 2, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56127, Italy.
| | - Elena Iacono
- Centro Retrovirus, Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale, Strada Statale del Brennero 2, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56127, Italy.
| | - Veronica La Rocca
- Centro Retrovirus, Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale, Strada Statale del Brennero 2, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56127, Italy; Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giulia Lottini
- Centro Retrovirus, Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale, Strada Statale del Brennero 2, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56127, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy.
| | - Carmen Rita Piazza
- Centro Retrovirus, Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale, Strada Statale del Brennero 2, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56127, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy.
| | - Paola Quaranta
- Centro Retrovirus, Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale, Strada Statale del Brennero 2, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56127, Italy.
| | - Maria Sidoti
- Centro Retrovirus, Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale, Strada Statale del Brennero 2, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56127, Italy.
| | - Mauro Pistello
- Centro Retrovirus, Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale, Strada Statale del Brennero 2, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56127, Italy.
| | - Giulia Freer
- Centro Retrovirus, Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale, Strada Statale del Brennero 2, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56127, Italy.
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Chirinos J, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Giamarellos-Bourboulis E, Dávila-Del-Carpio G, Bizri A, Andrade-Villanueva J, Salman O, Cure-Cure C, Rosado-Santander N, Giraldo MC, González-Hernández L, Moghnieh R, Angeliki R, Saldarriaga MC, Pariona M, Medina C, Dimitroulis I, Vlachopoulos C, Gutierrez C, Rodriguez-Mori J, Gomez-Laiton E, Pereyra R, Hernández JR, Arbañil H, Accini-Mendoza J, Pérez-Mayorga M, Milionis H, Poulakou G, Sánchez G, Valdivia-Vega R, Villavicencio-Carranza M, Ayala-Garcia R, Castro-Callirgos C, Carrasco RA, Danos WL, Sharkoski T, Greene K, Pourmussa B, Greczylo C, Chittams J, Katsaounou P, Alexiou Z, Sympardi S, Sweitzer N, Putt M, Cohen J. A Randomized Trial of Lipid Metabolism Modulation with Fenofibrate for Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019. RESEARCH SQUARE 2022:rs.3.rs-1933913. [PMID: 35982675 PMCID: PMC9387540 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1933913/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Abnormal cellular lipid metabolism appears to underlie SARS-CoV-2 cytotoxicity and may involve inhibition of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Fenofibrate, a PPAR-α activator, modulates cellular lipid metabolism. Fenofibric acid has also been shown to affect the dimerization of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Fenofibrate and fenofibric acid have been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell culture systems in vitro . Methods We randomly assigned 701 participants with COVID-19 within 14 days of symptom onset to 145 mg of fenofibrate (nanocrystal formulation with dose adjustment for renal function or dose-equivalent preparations of micronized fenofibrate or fenofibric acid) vs. placebo for 10 days, in a double-blinded fashion. The primary endpoint was a ranked severity score in which participants were ranked across hierarchical tiers incorporating time to death, duration of mechanical ventilation, oxygenation parameters, subsequent hospitalizations and symptom severity and duration. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04517396. Findings: Mean age of participants was 49 ± 16 years, 330 (47%) were female, mean BMI was 28 ± 6 kg/m 2 , and 102 (15%) had diabetes mellitus. A total of 41 deaths occurred. Compared with placebo, fenofibrate administration had no effect on the primary endpoint. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) rank in the placebo arm was 347 (172, 453) vs. 345 (175, 453) in the fenofibrate arm (P = 0.819). There was no difference in various secondary and exploratory endpoints, including all-cause death, across randomization arms. These results were highly consistent across pre-specified sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Conclusion Among patients with COVID-19, fenofibrate has no significant effect on various clinically relevant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Oday Salman
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Perelman School of Medicine, American University of Beirut
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tiffany Sharkoski
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Katherine Greene
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Bianca Pourmussa
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Candy Greczylo
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Perelman School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mary Putt
- Perelman School of Medicine. University of Pennsylvania
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45
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Ciccarelli M, Merciai F, Carrizzo A, Sommella E, Di Pietro P, Caponigro V, Salviati E, Musella S, Sarno VD, Rusciano M, Toni AL, Iesu P, Izzo C, Schettino G, Conti V, Venturini E, Vitale C, Scarpati G, Bonadies D, Rispoli A, Polverino B, Poto S, Pagliano P, Piazza O, Licastro D, Vecchione C, Campiglia P. Untargeted lipidomics reveals specific lipid profiles in COVID-19 patients with different severity from Campania region (Italy). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 217:114827. [PMID: 35569273 PMCID: PMC9085356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 infection evokes various systemic alterations that push patients not only towards severe acute respiratory syndrome but causes an important metabolic dysregulation with following multi-organ alteration and potentially poor outcome. To discover novel potential biomarkers able to predict disease's severity and patient's outcome, in this study we applied untargeted lipidomics, by a reversed phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-trapped ion mobility mass spectrometry platform (RP-UHPLC-TIMS-MS), on blood samples collected at hospital admission in an Italian cohort of COVID-19 patients (45 mild, 54 severe, 21 controls). In a subset of patients, we also collected a second blood sample in correspondence of clinical phenotype modification (longitudinal population). Plasma lipid profiles revealed several lipids significantly modified in COVID-19 patients with respect to controls and able to discern between mild and severe clinical phenotype. Severe patients were characterized by a progressive decrease in the levels of LPCs, LPC-Os, PC-Os, and, on the contrary, an increase in overall TGs, PEs, and Ceramides. A machine learning model was built by using both the entire dataset and with a restricted lipid panel dataset, delivering comparable results in predicting severity (AUC= 0.777, CI: 0.639-0.904) and outcome (AUC= 0.789, CI: 0.658-0.910). Finally, re-building the model with 25 longitudinal (t1) samples, this resulted in 21 patients correctly classified. In conclusion, this study highlights specific lipid profiles that could be used monitor the possible trajectory of COVID-19 patients at hospital admission, which could be used in targeted approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Merciai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy,PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy,IRCCS Neuromed, Loc. Camerelle, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Eduardo Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Paola Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Vicky Caponigro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | | | - Simona Musella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Laura Toni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Paola Iesu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Carmine Izzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Conti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | | | - Carolina Vitale
- San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuliana Scarpati
- San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Domenico Bonadies
- San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonella Rispoli
- San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Poto
- San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Ornella Piazza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | | | - Carmine Vecchione
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy,IRCCS Neuromed, Loc. Camerelle, Pozzilli, IS, Italy,Corresponding author at: Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy,Corresponding author
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46
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Yan B, Yuan S, Cao J, Fung K, Lai PM, Yin F, Sze KH, Qin Z, Xie Y, Ye ZW, Yuen TTT, Chik KKH, Tsang JOL, Zou Z, Chan CCY, Luo C, Cai JP, Chan KH, Chung TWH, Tam AR, Chu H, Jin DY, Hung IFN, Yuen KY, Kao RYT, Chan JFW. Phosphatidic acid phosphatase 1 impairs SARS-CoV-2 replication by affecting the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4744-4755. [PMID: 35874954 PMCID: PMC9305268 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.73057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses exploit the host lipid metabolism machinery to achieve efficient replication. We herein characterize the lipids profile reprogramming in vitro and in vivo using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based untargeted lipidomics. The lipidome of SARS-CoV-2-infected Caco-2 cells was markedly different from that of mock-infected samples, with most of the changes involving downregulation of ceramides. In COVID-19 patients' plasma samples, a total of 54 lipids belonging to 12 lipid classes that were significantly perturbed compared to non-infected control subjects' plasma samples were identified. Among these 12 lipid classes, ether-linked phosphatidylcholines, ether-linked phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines, and ceramides were the four most perturbed. Pathway analysis revealed that the glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, and ether lipid metabolisms pathway were the most significantly perturbed host pathways. Phosphatidic acid phosphatases (PAP) were involved in all three pathways and PAP-1 deficiency significantly suppressed SARS-CoV-2 replication. siRNA knockdown of LPIN2 and LPIN3 resulted in significant reduction of SARS-CoV-2 load. In summary, these findings characterized the host lipidomic changes upon SARS-CoV-2 infection and identified PAP-1 as a potential target for intervention for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingpeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jianli Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kingchun Fung
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Pok-Man Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Feifei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Kong-Hung Sze
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhenzhi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yubin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zi-Wei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Terrence Tsz-Tai Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kenn Ka-Heng Chik
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jessica Oi-Ling Tsang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zijiao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chris Chun-Yiu Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Cuiting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Tom Wai-Hing Chung
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anthony Raymond Tam
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Richard Yi-Tsun Kao
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangdong Province, China
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47
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Al-Sayyar A, Hulme KD, Thibaut R, Bayry J, Sheedy FJ, Short KR, Alzaid F. Respiratory Tract Infections in Diabetes - Lessons From Tuberculosis and Influenza to Guide Understanding of COVID-19 Severity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:919223. [PMID: 35957811 PMCID: PMC9363013 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.919223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with type-2 diabetes (T2D) are more likely to develop severe respiratory tract infections. Such susceptibility has gained increasing attention since the global spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in early 2020. The earliest reports marked T2D as an important risk-factor for severe forms of disease and mortality across all adult age groups. Several mechanisms have been proposed for this increased susceptibility, including pre-existing immune dysfunction, a lack of metabolic flexibility due to insulin resistance, inadequate dietary quality or adverse interactions with antidiabetic treatments or common comorbidities. Some mechanisms that predispose patients with T2D to severe COVID-19 may indeed be shared with other previously characterized respiratory tract infections. Accordingly, in this review, we give an overview of response to Influenza A virus and to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections. Similar risk factors and mechanisms are discussed between the two conditions and in the case of COVID-19. Lastly, we address emerging approaches to address research needs in infection and metabolic disease, and perspectives with regards to deployment or repositioning of metabolically active therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katina D. Hulme
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ronan Thibaut
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151/CNRS UMRS8253, Immunity and Metabolism of Diabetes (IMMEDIAB), Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Department of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, India
| | | | - Kirsty R. Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Fawaz Alzaid
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151/CNRS UMRS8253, Immunity and Metabolism of Diabetes (IMMEDIAB), Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
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48
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De Angelis A, Park SH, Opella SJ. Magnetically Aligned Lipid Bilayers with High Cholesterol for Solid-State NMR of Membrane Proteins. Biochemistry 2022; 61:1561-1571. [PMID: 35849647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid bicelles are valuable membrane model systems to study membrane proteins by NMR and other physicochemical techniques. The range of bicelle compositions that are compatible with uniaxial alignment of the lipid bilayers in a magnetic field is still limited with regard to the addition of large amounts (>20%) of cholesterol and/or sphingolipids. Here, we demonstrate that n-dodecyl-β-D-melibioside (DDMB), which was recently introduced as a detergent to produce sphingolipid-cholesterol-rich isotropic bicelles for solution NMR studies, can also be used to produce magnetically alignable lipid bilayers with high cholesterol content that are well suited for solid-state NMR of membrane proteins. Remarkably, DDMB enables the preparation of high q bicelles that contain 50% mol cholesterol while retaining their ability to form a stable, well-aligned liquid crystalline bilayer phase in a magnetic field. We show that the intact 46-residue membrane-bound form of Pf1 bacteriophage coat protein and a truncated construct of the membrane protein Vpu from HIV-1 (residues 2-30) in DDMB bicelles are well aligned and undergo fast and uniaxial rotational diffusion about the bilayer normal, similarly to what is observed in other bicelle and macrodisc systems. We also demonstrate a spectroscopic method that measures the increase in the thickness of DMPC bilayers that results from the addition of cholesterol, using the PISA-wheel spectral patterns of trans-membrane helices as a molecular goniometer. For example, we find that the hydrophobic thickness of DMPC bilayers is increased by approximately 2.5 Å in the presence of 35% mol cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna De Angelis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0307 United States
| | - Sang Ho Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0307 United States
| | - Stanley J Opella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0307 United States
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49
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Roingeard P, Eymieux S, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Hourioux C, Patient R, Blanchard E. The double-membrane vesicle (DMV): a virus-induced organelle dedicated to the replication of SARS-CoV-2 and other positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:425. [PMID: 35841484 PMCID: PMC9287701 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Positive single-strand RNA (+ RNA) viruses can remodel host cell membranes to induce a replication organelle (RO) isolating the replication of their genome from innate immunity mechanisms. Some of these viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), induce double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) for this purpose. Viral non-structural proteins are essential for DMV biogenesis, but they cannot form without an original membrane from a host cell organelle and a significant supply of lipids. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the initial mechanisms of autophagic processes have been shown to be essential for the biogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 DMVs. However, by analogy with other DMV-inducing viruses, it seems likely that the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and lipid droplets are also involved. As for hepatitis C virus (HCV), pores crossing both membranes of SARS-CoV-2-induced DMVs have been identified. These pores presumably allow the supply of metabolites essential for viral replication within the DMV, together with the export of the newly synthesized viral RNA to form the genome of future virions. It remains unknown whether, as for HCV, DMVs with open pores can coexist with the fully sealed DMVs required for the storage of large amounts of viral RNA. Interestingly, recent studies have revealed many similarities in the mechanisms of DMV biogenesis and morphology between these two phylogenetically distant viruses. An understanding of the mechanisms of DMV formation and their role in the infectious cycle of SARS-CoV-2 may be essential for the development of new antiviral approaches against this pathogen or other coronaviruses that may emerge in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Roingeard
- INSERM U1259, Faculté de Médecine, Université François Rabelais de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours Cedex, France. .,Plate-Forme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Sébastien Eymieux
- INSERM U1259, Faculté de Médecine, Université François Rabelais de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours Cedex, France.,Plate-Forme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- INSERM U1259, Faculté de Médecine, Université François Rabelais de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours Cedex, France.,Plate-Forme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christophe Hourioux
- INSERM U1259, Faculté de Médecine, Université François Rabelais de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours Cedex, France.,Plate-Forme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Romuald Patient
- INSERM U1259, Faculté de Médecine, Université François Rabelais de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours Cedex, France.,Plate-Forme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Emmanuelle Blanchard
- INSERM U1259, Faculté de Médecine, Université François Rabelais de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours Cedex, France.,Plate-Forme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
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50
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Geng F, Chen J, Tang S, Azzam E, Zhang J, Zhang S. Additional Evidence for Commonalities between COVID-19 and Radiation Injury: Novel Insight into COVID-19 Candidate Drugs. Radiat Res 2022; 198:306-317. [PMID: 35834824 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00058.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a challenge to biosecurity and public health. The speed of vaccine development lags behind that of virus evolution and mutation. To date, no agent has been demonstrated to be fully effective against COVID-19. Therefore, it remains of great urgency to rapidly develop promising therapeutic and diagnostic candidates. Intriguingly, mounting evidence hints at parallel etiologies between SARS-CoV-2 infection and radiation injury. Herein, from the perspectives of immunogenic pathway activation and metabolic alterations, we provide novel evidence of commonalities between these two pathological conditions based on the most recent findings. Since numerous agents have been developed to prevent or reverse radiation injury in the past 70 years to ensure nuclear safety, we also advocate investigating the promising function of radioprotectors and radiomitigators against COVID-19 in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghao Geng
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shaokai Tang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Edouard Azzam
- Radiobiology and Health, Isotopes, Radiobiology & Environment Directorate (IRED), Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu 610051, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621099, China
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