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Yang Q, Li S, Ou H, Zhang Y, Zhu G, Li S, Lei L. Exosome-based delivery strategies for tumor therapy: an update on modification, loading, and clinical application. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:41. [PMID: 38281957 PMCID: PMC10823703 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignancy is a major public health problem and among the leading lethal diseases worldwide. Although the current tumor treatment methods have therapeutic effect to a certain extent, they still have some shortcomings such as poor water solubility, short half-life, local and systemic toxicity. Therefore, how to deliver therapeutic agent so as to realize safe and effective anti-tumor therapy become a problem urgently to be solved in this field. As a medium of information exchange and material transport between cells, exosomes are considered to be a promising drug delivery carrier due to their nano-size, good biocompatibility, natural targeting, and easy modification. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the isolation, identification, drug loading, and modification of exosomes as drug carriers for tumor therapy alongside their application in tumor therapy. Basic knowledge of exosomes, such as their biogenesis, sources, and characterization methods, is also introduced herein. In addition, challenges related to the use of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles are discussed, along with future trends. This review provides a scientific basis for the application of exosome delivery systems in oncological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Haibo Ou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Gangcai Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shaohong Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Lanjie Lei
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China.
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Awadalla ME, Alkadi H, Alarjani M, Al-Anazi AE, Ibrahim MA, ALOhali TA, Enani M, Alturaiki W, Alosaimi B. Moderately Low Effectiveness of the Influenza Quadrivalent Vaccine: Potential Mismatch between Circulating Strains and Vaccine Strains. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1050. [PMID: 37376439 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The annual seasonal influenza vaccination is the most effective way of preventing influenza illness and hospitalization. However, the effectiveness of influenza vaccines has always been controversial. Therefore, we investigated the ability of the quadrivalent influenza vaccine to induce effective protection. Here we report strain-specific influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against laboratory-confirmed influenza cases during the 2019/2020 season, characterized by the co-circulation of four different influenza strains. During 2019-2020, 778 influenza-like illness (ILI) samples were collected from 302 (39%) vaccinated ILI patients and 476 (61%) unvaccinated ILI patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. VE was found to be 28% and 22% for influenza A and B, respectively. VE for preventing A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 illness was 37.4% (95% CI: 43.7-54.3) and 39.2% (95% CI: 21.1-28.9), respectively. The VE for preventing influenza B Victoria lineage illness was 71.7% (95% CI: -0.9-3), while the VE for the Yamagata lineage could not be estimated due to the limited number of positive cases. The overall vaccine effectiveness was moderately low at 39.7%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of the Flu A genotypes in our dataset clustered together, indicating their close genetic relatedness. In the post-COVID-19 pandemic, flu B-positive cases have reached three-quarters of the total number of influenza-positive cases, indicating a nationwide flu B surge. The reasons for this phenomenon, if related to the quadrivalent flu VE, need to be explored. Annual monitoring and genetic characterization of circulating influenza viruses are important to support Influenza surveillance systems and to improve influenza vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaweya E Awadalla
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham Alkadi
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Modhi Alarjani
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah E Al-Anazi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanad A Ibrahim
- Data Science Program, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Ahmad ALOhali
- Medical Protocol Department, Kind Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushira Enani
- Dr. Sulaiman Alhabib Medical Group, Department of Medicine, Olaya Medical Complex, Riyadh 11643, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Alturaiki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Alosaimi
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
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Domnich A, Panatto D, Pariani E, Napoli C, Chironna M, Manini I, Rizzo C, Orsi A, Icardi G. Relative effectiveness of the adjuvanted vs non-adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccines against severe laboratory-confirmed influenza among hospitalized Italian older adults. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 125:164-169. [PMID: 36332902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to investigate the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of the MF59-adjuvanted trivalent (aTIV) and non-adjuvanted quadrivalent (QIVe) egg-based standard-dose vaccines against severe laboratory-confirmed influenza. METHODS This test-negative case-control study was conducted in a hospital setting during four recent Italian influenza seasons (from 2018/19 to 2021/22). The clinical outcome was severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) with laboratory confirmation diagnosed among subjects aged ≥65 years. rVE of aTIV versus QIVe was estimated through propensity score matching followed by logistic regression. RESULTS The influenza virus circulated to a significant extent only during the 2018/19 and 2019/20 seasons. The final population included 512 vaccinated older adults, of which 83 were cases and 429 were test-negative controls. aTIV and QIVe users differed substantially from the point of view of several baseline characteristics. The propensity score adjusted rVE of aTIV vs QIVe was 59.2% (95% CI: 14.6%, 80.5%), 54.7% (95% CI: -28.7%, 84.0%) and 56.9% (95% CI: -7.8%, 82.8%) against any influenza, A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2), respectively. CONCLUSION aTIV was more effective than QIVe in preventing laboratory-confirmed SARI. The benefits of aTIV may be obscured by confounding indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Domnich
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Donatella Panatto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Interuniversity Research Center on Influenza and Other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Pariani
- Interuniversity Research Center on Influenza and Other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), Genoa, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria Chironna
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Manini
- Interuniversity Research Center on Influenza and Other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), Genoa, Italy; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Rizzo
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Orsi
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Interuniversity Research Center on Influenza and Other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), Genoa, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Icardi
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital - IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Interuniversity Research Center on Influenza and Other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), Genoa, Italy
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4
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Ge J, Lin X, Guo J, Liu L, Li Z, Lan Y, Liu L, Guo J, Lu J, Huang W, Xin L, Wang D, Qin K, Xu C, Zhou J. The Antibody Response Against Neuraminidase in Human Influenza A (H3N2) Virus Infections During 2018/2019 Flu Season: Focusing on the Epitopes of 329- N-Glycosylation and E344 in N2. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:845088. [PMID: 35387078 PMCID: PMC8978628 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.845088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza A (H3N2) virus has been a concern since its first introduction in humans in 1968. Accumulating antigenic changes in viral hemagglutinin (HA), particularly recent cocirculations of multiple HA genetic clades, allow H3N2 virus evade into humans annually. From 2010, the binding of neuraminidase (NA) to sialic acid made the traditional assay for HA inhibition antibodies (Abs) unsuitable for antigenicity characterization. Here, we investigated the serum anti-NA response in a cohort with a seroconversion of microneutralizing (MN) Abs targeting the circulating strain, A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2, 3C.2a1)-like, a virus during 2018/2019 flu seasons. We discovered that MN Ab titers show no difference between children and adults. Nevertheless, higher titers of Abs with NA activity inhibition (NI) activity of 129 and seroconversion rate of 68.42% are presented in children aged 7-17 years (n = 19) and 73.47 and 41.17% in adults aged 21-59 years (n = 17), respectively. The MN Abs generated in children display direct correlations with HA- and NA-binding Abs or NI Abs. The NI activity exhibited cross-reactivity to N2 of H3N2 viruses of 2007 and 2013, commonly with 329-N-glycosylation and E344 in N2, a characteristic of earlier 3C.2a H3N2 virus in 2014. The percentage of such viruses pronouncedly decreased and was even replaced by those dominant H3N2 viruses with E344K and 329 non-glycosylation, which have a significantly low activity to the tested antisera. Our findings suggest that NI assay is a testable assay applied in H3N2 infection in children, and the antigenic drift of current N2 should be considered for vaccine selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ge
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlei Guo
- The Disease Control and Prevention of Qinhuai District, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Qinhuai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liqi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Guo
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Weijuan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xin
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dayan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Qin
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiling Xu
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Omer I, Rosenberg A, Sefty H, Pando R, Mandelboim M, Mendelson E, Keinan-Boker L, Glatman-Freedman A. Lineage-matched versus mismatched influenza B vaccine effectiveness following seasons of marginal influenza B circulation. Vaccine 2022; 40:880-885. [PMID: 35016804 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several countries have recently transitioned from the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) to the quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV) in order to outweigh influenza B vaccine-mismatch. However, few studies thus far evaluated its benefits versus the TIV in a systematic manner. Our objective was to compare the QIV VE with lineage-mismatched TIV VE. METHODS We estimated the 2015-2016, 2017-2018, 2019-2020 end-of season influenza B VE against laboratory-confirmed influenza-like illness (ILI) among community patients, using the test-negative design. VE was estimated for pre-determined age groups and for moving age intervals of 15 years. RESULTS Since 2011-2012 season, alternate seasons in Israel were dominated by influenza B circulation. Compared with the lineage-mismatched TIV used during the 2015-2016 and 2017-2018 seasons, the 2019-2020 QIV showed the highest all-ages VE, with VE estimates of 56.9 (95% CI 30.1 to 73.4), 16.5 (95% CI -22.5 to 43.1) and -25.8 (95% CI -85.3 to 14.6) for the 2019-2020, 2017-2018 and 2015-2016 seasons, respectively. The 2019-2020 VE point estimated were the highest for the 0.5-4, 5-17 and 18-44 years age groups and for more 15-year age intervals as compared to the other seasons. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the rapid transition from the TIV to the QIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Omer
- School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Alina Rosenberg
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel
| | - Hanna Sefty
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel
| | - Rakefet Pando
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel
| | - Lital Keinan-Boker
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel; School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Aharona Glatman-Freedman
- School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel.
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6
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Wang MH, Lou J, Cao L, Zhao S, Chan RW, Chan PK, Chan MCW, Chong MK, Wu WK, Wei Y, Zhang H, Zee BC, Yeoh EK. Characterization of key amino acid substitutions and dynamics of the influenza virus H3N2 hemagglutinin. J Infect 2021; 83:671-677. [PMID: 34627840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The annual epidemics of seasonal influenza is partly attributed to the continued virus evolution. It is challenging to evaluate the effect of influenza virus mutations on evading population immunity. In this study, we introduce a novel statistical and computational approach to measure the dynamic molecular determinants underlying epidemics using effective mutations (EMs), and account for the time of waning mutation advantage against herd immunity by measuring the effective mutation periods (EMPs). Extensive analysis is performed on the sequencing and epidemiology data of H3N2 epidemics in ten regions from season to season. We systematically identified 46 EMs in the hemagglutinin (HA) gene, in which the majority were antigenic sites. Eight EMs were located in immunosubdominant stalk domain, an important target for developing broadly reactive antibodies. The EMs might provide timely information on key substitutions for influenza vaccines antigen design. The EMP suggested that major genetic variants of H3N2 circulated in Southeast Asia for an average duration of 4.5 years (SD 2.4) compared to a significantly shorter 2.0 years (SD 1.0) in temperate regions. The proposed method bridges population epidemics and molecular characteristics of infectious diseases, and would find broad applications in various pathogens mutation estimations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Haitian Wang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jingzhi Lou
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lirong Cao
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shi Zhao
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Renee Wy Chan
- CUHK-UMCU Joint Research Laboratory of Respiratory Virus & Immunobiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul Ks Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Martin Chi-Wai Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Marc Kc Chong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - William Kk Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuchen Wei
- Department of Microbiology, Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Benny Cy Zee
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Eng-Kiong Yeoh
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
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7
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Influenza vaccine effectiveness within prospective cohorts of healthcare personnel in Israel and Peru 2016-2019. Vaccine 2021; 39:6956-6967. [PMID: 34509322 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data on influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza illness among healthcare personnel (HCP). METHODS HCP with direct patient contact working full-time in hospitals were followed during three influenza seasons in Israel (2016-2017 to 2018-2019) and Peru (2016 to 2018). Trivalent influenza vaccines were available at all sites, except during 2018-2019 when Israel used quadrivalent vaccines; vaccination was documented by electronic medical records, vaccine registries, and/or self-report (for vaccinations outside the hospital). Twice-weekly active surveillance identified acute respiratory symptoms or febrile illness (ARFI); self-collected respiratory specimens were tested by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. IVE was 100 × 1-hazard ratio (adjusted for sex, age, occupation, and hospital). RESULTS Among 5,489 HCP who contributed 10,041 person-seasons, influenza vaccination coverage was 47% in Israel and 32% in Peru. Of 3,056 ARFIs in Israel and 3,538 in Peru, A or B influenza virus infections were identified in 205 (7%) in Israel and 87 (2.5%) in Peru. IVE against all viruses across seasons was 1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = -30%, 25%) in Israel and 12% (95% CI = -61%, 52%) in Peru. CONCLUSION Estimates of IVE were null using person-time models during six study seasons in Israel and Peru.
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8
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Pando R, Stern S, Nemet I, Glatman-Freedman A, Sefty H, Zuckerman NS, Drori Y, Friedman N, McCauley JW, Keinan-Boker L, Mendelson E, Daniels RS, Mandelboim M. Diversity in the Circulation of Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses in the Northern Hemisphere in the 2018-19 Season. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:375. [PMID: 33924296 PMCID: PMC8069444 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While vaccination is considered the most effective means to prevent influenza infection, its seasonal effectiveness varies, depending on the circulating influenza strains. Here, we characterized the circulation of influenza strains in October-2018 and March-2019 around the world. For this, we used nasopharyngeal samples collected from outpatient and hospitalized patients in Israel and data reported in ECDC, CDC, and WHO databases. Influenza A(H3N2) was dominant in Israel, while in Europe, Asia, and USA, A(H1N1)pdm09 virus circulated first, and then the A(H3N2) virus also appeared. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that A(H3N2) viruses circulating in Israel belonged to clade-3C.3a, while in Europe, Asia, and USA, A(H3N2) viruses belonged to subclade-3C.2a1, but were later replaced by clade-3C.3a viruses in USA. The vaccine A(H3N2) components of that year, A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016-(H3N2)-like-viruses, belonged to clade-3C.2a1. The circulation of different influenza subtypes and clades of A(H3N2) viruses in a single season highlights the need for universal influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakefet Pando
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (R.P.); (A.G.-F.); (H.S.); (N.S.Z.); (L.K.-B.)
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (S.S.); (I.N.); (Y.D.); (N.F.); (E.M.)
| | - Shahar Stern
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (S.S.); (I.N.); (Y.D.); (N.F.); (E.M.)
| | - Ital Nemet
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (S.S.); (I.N.); (Y.D.); (N.F.); (E.M.)
| | - Aharona Glatman-Freedman
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (R.P.); (A.G.-F.); (H.S.); (N.S.Z.); (L.K.-B.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Hanna Sefty
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (R.P.); (A.G.-F.); (H.S.); (N.S.Z.); (L.K.-B.)
| | - Neta S. Zuckerman
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (R.P.); (A.G.-F.); (H.S.); (N.S.Z.); (L.K.-B.)
| | - Yaron Drori
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (S.S.); (I.N.); (Y.D.); (N.F.); (E.M.)
| | - Nehemya Friedman
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (S.S.); (I.N.); (Y.D.); (N.F.); (E.M.)
| | - John W. McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Center, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; (J.W.M.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Lital Keinan-Boker
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (R.P.); (A.G.-F.); (H.S.); (N.S.Z.); (L.K.-B.)
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (S.S.); (I.N.); (Y.D.); (N.F.); (E.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Rodney S. Daniels
- Worldwide Influenza Center, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; (J.W.M.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; (S.S.); (I.N.); (Y.D.); (N.F.); (E.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
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9
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Drori Y, Pando R, Sefty H, Rosenberg A, Mendelson E, Keinan-Boker L, Shohat T, Mandelboim M, Glatman-Freedman A. Influenza vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza in a vaccine-mismatched influenza B-dominant season. Vaccine 2020; 38:8387-8395. [PMID: 33243633 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2017-2018 influenza season in Israel was characterized by the predominance of influenza B Yamagata, with a lesser circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza A(H3N2). We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the inactivated influenza vaccine which was selected for use that season. METHODS End-of-season VE and 95% confidence intervals (CI) against laboratory-confirmed influenza-like illness (ILI) were estimated by means of the test-negative design. Age-specific VE analysis was carried out using a moving age interval. RESULTS Specimen were obtained from 1,453 community ILI patients; 610 (42.0%) were influenza-positive, among which 69.7% were B, 17.2% A(H1N1)pdm09 and 13.4% A(H3N2). A 98.6% of molecularly characterized influenza B belonged to the Yamagata lineage. Of the sampled individuals, 1320 were suitable for VE analysis. Of those vaccinated, 90.6% received the inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) containing a Victoria lineage influenza B-like virus. VE against influenza A differed by age, with the highest VE of 72.9% (95%CI 31.9-89.2%) observed in children 0.5-14 years old, while all ages VE was 46.6% (95%CI 10.4-68.2%). All ages VE against influenza B was 23.2% (95%CI -10.1-46.4%) with age-specific analysis showing non-significant VE estimates. Utilizing a moving age interval of 15 years, afforded a detailed age-specific insight into influenza VE against the influenza viruses circulating during the 2017-2018 season. CONCLUSIONS The moderate-high 2017-2018 influenza A VE among children and adolescents, supports seasonal influenza vaccination at a young age. The low VE against influenza B in Israel, is most likely the result of influenza B/TIV-mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Drori
- Central Virology Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - R Pando
- Central Virology Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - H Sefty
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - A Rosenberg
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - E Mendelson
- Central Virology Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; School of Public Health, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - L Keinan-Boker
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - T Shohat
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; School of Public Health, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; School of Public Health, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Glatman-Freedman
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; School of Public Health, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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10
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Costantino C, Casuccio A, Restivo V. Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness: A Commentary of Special Issue Editors. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030545. [PMID: 32962128 PMCID: PMC7564991 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Special Issue “Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness”, published in the journal Vaccines, has the main aim to increase international literature data on vaccine effectiveness and safety and on vaccination strategies in order to reduce vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccination coverage rates. The main topics included in the call for papers were vaccines administered to infants, adolescents, adults, elderly people, at-risk populations (due to comorbidities and personal risk factors) and healthcare workers and strategies adopted to promote vaccination adherence among these categories. This Special Issue started from the assumption that, despite vaccination being universally recognized as one of the best strategies to increase duration and quality of life during the last centuries, vaccination coverage rates are often under the levels recommended to reduce circulation and to extinguish vaccine-preventable diseases. Vaccine hesitancy involves at least 15% of the general population, and healthcare workers also sometimes demonstrate doubts on vaccination effectiveness and safety. At the end of the six-month submission period, 16 articles (15 research article and one review) were accepted after the peer-review processes and published online.
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