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Barreto E, Boehm MMA, Ogutcen E, Abrahamczyk S, Kessler M, Bascompte J, Dellinger AS, Bello C, Dehling DM, Duchenne F, Kaehler M, Lagomarsino LP, Lohmann LG, Maglianesi MA, Morlon H, Muchhala N, Ornelas JF, Perret M, Salinas NR, Smith SD, Vamosi JC, Varassin IG, Graham CH. Macroevolution of the plant-hummingbird pollination system. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38705863 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Plant-hummingbird interactions are considered a classic example of coevolution, a process in which mutually dependent species influence each other's evolution. Plants depend on hummingbirds for pollination, whereas hummingbirds rely on nectar for food. As a step towards understanding coevolution, this review focuses on the macroevolutionary consequences of plant-hummingbird interactions, a relatively underexplored area in the current literature. We synthesize prior studies, illustrating the origins and dynamics of hummingbird pollination across different angiosperm clades previously pollinated by insects (mostly bees), bats, and passerine birds. In some cases, the crown age of hummingbirds pre-dates the plants they pollinate. In other cases, plant groups transitioned to hummingbird pollination early in the establishment of this bird group in the Americas, with the build-up of both diversities coinciding temporally, and hence suggesting co-diversification. Determining what triggers shifts to and away from hummingbird pollination remains a major open challenge. The impact of hummingbirds on plant diversification is complex, with many tropical plant lineages experiencing increased diversification after acquiring flowers that attract hummingbirds, and others experiencing no change or even a decrease in diversification rates. This mixed evidence suggests that other extrinsic or intrinsic factors, such as local climate and isolation, are important covariables driving the diversification of plants adapted to hummingbird pollination. To guide future studies, we discuss the mechanisms and contexts under which hummingbirds, as a clade and as individual species (e.g. traits, foraging behaviour, degree of specialization), could influence plant evolution. We conclude by commenting on how macroevolutionary signals of the mutualism could relate to coevolution, highlighting the unbalanced focus on the plant side of the interaction, and advocating for the use of species-level interaction data in macroevolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Barreto
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Mannfred M A Boehm
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2212 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ezgi Ogutcen
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Stefan Abrahamczyk
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plant, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, Bonn, 53115, Germany
- State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Botany Department, Rosenstein 1, Stuttgart, 70191, Germany
| | - Michael Kessler
- Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Bascompte
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurestrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Agnes S Dellinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Carolina Bello
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - D Matthias Dehling
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - François Duchenne
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Kaehler
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Laura P Lagomarsino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Shirley C. Tucker Herbarium, Louisiana State University, Life Science Annex Building A257, Baton Rouge, 70803, LA, USA
| | - Lúcia G Lohmann
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
- Department of Integrative Biology, University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, 94720-2465, CA, USA
| | - María A Maglianesi
- Escuela de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Estatal a Distancia, San José, 474-2050, Costa Rica
| | - Hélène Morlon
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, UMR 8197, 46 rue d'Ulm, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Nathan Muchhala
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis, 63121, MO, USA
| | - Juan Francisco Ornelas
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa, Veracruz, 91073, Mexico
| | - Mathieu Perret
- Department of Plant Sciences, Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de Genève, University of Geneva, Chem. de l'Impératrice 1, 1292 Pregny-Chambésy, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nelson R Salinas
- Pfizer Plant Research Laboratory, New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, New York City, 10458, NY, USA
| | - Stacey D Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, 1900 Pleasant St, Boulder, 80302, CO, USA
| | - Jana C Vamosi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, T2N1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Isabela G Varassin
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
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Li DM, Pan YG, Liu HL, Yu B, Huang D, Zhu GF. Thirteen complete chloroplast genomes of the costaceae family: insights into genome structure, selective pressure and phylogenetic relationships. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:68. [PMID: 38233753 PMCID: PMC10792896 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-09996-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Costaceae, commonly known as the spiral ginger family, consists of approximately 120 species distributed in the tropical regions of South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia, of which some species have important ornamental, medicinal and ecological values. Previous studies on the phylogenetic and taxonomic of Costaceae by using nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and chloroplast genome fragments data had low resolutions. Additionally, the structures, variations and molecular evolution of complete chloroplast genomes in Costaceae still remain unclear. Herein, a total of 13 complete chloroplast genomes of Costaceae including 8 newly sequenced and 5 from the NCBI GenBank database, representing all three distribution regions of this family, were comprehensively analyzed for comparative genomics and phylogenetic relationships. RESULT The 13 complete chloroplast genomes of Costaceae possessed typical quadripartite structures with lengths from 166,360 to 168,966 bp, comprising a large single copy (LSC, 90,802 - 92,189 bp), a small single copy (SSC, 18,363 - 20,124 bp) and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs, 27,982 - 29,203 bp). These genomes coded 111 - 113 different genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 4 rRNA genes and 28 - 30 tRNAs genes. The gene orders, gene contents, amino acid frequencies and codon usage within Costaceae were highly conservative, but several variations in intron loss, long repeats, simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and gene expansion on the IR/SC boundaries were also found among these 13 genomes. Comparative genomics within Costaceae identified five highly divergent regions including ndhF, ycf1-D2, ccsA-ndhD, rps15-ycf1-D2 and rpl16-exon2-rpl16-exon1. Five combined DNA regions (ycf1-D2 + ndhF, ccsA-ndhD + rps15-ycf1-D2, rps15-ycf1-D2 + rpl16-exon2-rpl16-exon1, ccsA-ndhD + rpl16-exon2-rpl16-exon1, and ccsA-ndhD + rps15-ycf1-D2 + rpl16-exon2-rpl16-exon1) could be used as potential markers for future phylogenetic analyses and species identification in Costaceae. Positive selection was found in eight protein-coding genes, including cemA, clpP, ndhA, ndhF, petB, psbD, rps12 and ycf1. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic trees using chloroplast genome sequences consistently revealed identical tree topologies with high supports between species of Costaceae. Three clades were divided within Costaceae, including the Asian clade, Costus clade and South American clade. Tapeinochilos was a sister of Hellenia, and Parahellenia was a sister to the cluster of Tapeinochilos + Hellenia with strong support in the Asian clade. The results of molecular dating showed that the crown age of Costaceae was about 30.5 Mya (95% HPD: 14.9 - 49.3 Mya), and then started to diverge into the Costus clade and Asian clade around 23.8 Mya (95% HPD: 10.1 - 41.5 Mya). The Asian clade diverged into Hellenia and Parahellenia at approximately 10.7 Mya (95% HPD: 3.5 - 25.1 Mya). CONCLUSION The complete chloroplast genomes can resolve the phylogenetic relationships of Costaceae and provide new insights into genome structures, variations and evolution. The identified DNA divergent regions would be useful for species identification and phylogenetic inference in Costaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Li
- Guangdong Key Lab of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Yan-Gu Pan
- Guangdong Key Lab of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hai-Lin Liu
- Guangdong Key Lab of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Guangdong Key Lab of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Guangdong Key Lab of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Gen-Fa Zhu
- Guangdong Key Lab of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Singh VK, Yadav KS, Thomas SC, Gupta A, Luqman S, Shanker K, Patil UK, Yadav NP. An Update on Pharmacological and Phytochemical Aspects of Costus pictus D. Don - A Promising Anti-diabetic Plant. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:810-829. [PMID: 38288805 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266278569240123115329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Costus is the largest genus in the family Costaceae and encompasses about 150 known species. Among these, Costus pictus D. Don (Synonym: Costus mexicanus) is a traditional medicinal herb used to treat diabetes and other ailments. Currently, available treatment options in modern medicine have several adverse effects. Herbal medicines are gaining importance as they are cost-effective and display improved therapeutic effects with fewer side effects. Scientists have been seeking therapeutic compounds in plants, and various in vitro and in vivo studies report Costus pictus D. Don as a potential source in treating various diseases. Phytochemicals with various pharmacological properties of Costus pictus D. Don, viz. anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, diuretic, analgesic, and anti-microbial have been worked out and reported in the literature. OBJECTIVE The aim of the review is to categorize and summarize the available information on phytochemicals and pharmacological properties of Costus pictus D. Don and suggest outlooks for future research. METHODS This review combined scientific data regarding the use of Costus pictus D. Don plant for the management of diabetes and other ailments. A systematic search was performed on Costus pictus plant with anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and other pharmacological properties using several search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Sci-Finder, other online journals and books for detailed analysis. RESULTS Research data compilation and critical review of the information would be beneficial for further exploration of its pharmacological and phytochemical aspects and, consequently, new drug development. Bioactivity-guided fractionation, isolation, and purification of new chemical entities from the plant as well as pharmacological evaluation of the same will lead to the search for safe and effective novel drugs for better healthcare. CONCLUSION This review critically summarizes the reports on natural compounds, and different extract of Costus pictus D. Don with their potent anti-diabetic activity along with other pharmacological activity. Since this review has been presented in a very interactive manner showing the geographical region of availability, parts of plant used, mechanism of action and phytoconstituents in different extracts of Costus pictus responsible for particular action, it will be of great importance to the interested readers to focus on the development of the new drug leads for the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Kumar Singh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh Yadav
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
| | - Shiny C Thomas
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
| | - Ambika Gupta
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Karuna Shanker
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Umesh Kumar Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India
| | - Narayan Prasad Yadav
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
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Harenčár J, Vargas OM, Escalona M, Schemske DW, Kay KM. Genome assemblies and comparison of two Neotropical spiral gingers: Costus pulverulentus and C. lasius. J Hered 2023; 114:286-293. [PMID: 36928286 PMCID: PMC10212132 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The spiral gingers (Costus L.) are a pantropical genus of herbaceous perennial monocots; the Neotropical clade of Costus radiated rapidly in the past few million years into over 60 species. The Neotropical spiral gingers have a rich history of evolutionary and ecological research that can motivate and inform modern genetic investigations. Here, we present the first 2 chromosome-level genome assemblies in the genus, for C. pulverulentus and C. lasius, and briefly compare their synteny. We assembled the C. pulverulentus genome from a combination of short-read data, Chicago and Dovetail Hi-C chromatin-proximity sequencing, and alignment with a linkage map. We annotated the genome by mapping a C. pulverulentus transcriptome and querying mapped transcripts against a protein database. We assembled the C. lasius genome with Pacific Biosciences HiFi long reads and alignment to the C. pulverulentus genome. These 2 assemblies are the first published genomes for non-cultivated tropical plants. These genomes solidify the spiral gingers as a model system and will facilitate research on the poorly understood genetic basis of tropical plant diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Harenčár
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Oscar M Vargas
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, Arcata, CA, United States
| | - Merly Escalona
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Douglas W Schemske
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kathleen M Kay
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
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Johnson MA. Phylogenetic and functional trait-based community assembly within Pacific Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae): Evidence for clustering at multiple spatial scales. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10048. [PMID: 37153018 PMCID: PMC10160169 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropical rainforest communities are often characterized by a small number of species-rich genera that contribute disproportionately to the alpha diversity in these habitats. In the Pacific Basin, there are nearly 200 species of Cyrtandra, most of which are white-flowered woody shrubs that are single-island endemics. Within these island communities, multiple Cyrtandra species are commonly observed to occur sympatrically in wet forest understories, forming swarms of what appear to be ecologically similar taxa. The aim of this study was to determine whether species of these plants are randomly assembled with respect to phylogenetic relatedness and traits that are ecologically relevant. I examined assembly patterns across three Pacific archipelagoes using a combination of 10 functional traits and a well-resolved phylogeny comprising 34 species of Cyrtandra. Coexisting species were found to be more closely related and more phenotypically similar than would be expected by chance. This pattern was observed at both regional (island) and local (site) spatial scales. The retention of phylogenetic signal in floral traits and the strong influence of these traits on the observed degree of phylogenetic clustering may indicate that generalist insect pollinators act as a biotic filter on oceanic islands, driving selection for similar floral morphology among closely related species of Pacific Cyrtandra. Phylogenetic signal was also detected in leaf size, which contributed to niche clustering at both spatial scales. Coupled with a propensity for long-distance dispersal, and the restricted distribution of Cyrtandra to rainforest understories, this finding suggests that environmental filtering along this trait axis may be more important than dispersal limitation in determining species assemblages. This study supports the theory that plant species are not randomly assembled, and instead, that niche-based processes structure biodiversity at regional and local spatial scales in diverse congeneric species assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Johnson
- Daniel K. Inouye US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research CenterHawaiiHiloUSA
- Rancho Santa Ana Botanic GardenCAClaremontUSA
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Maas PJM, Maas-van de Kamer H, André T, Skinner D, Valderrama E, Specht CD. Eighteen new species of Neotropical Costaceae (Zingiberales). PHYTOKEYS 2023; 222:75-127. [PMID: 37252638 PMCID: PMC10210046 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.222.87779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In preparation for a full taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genera of Costaceae (i.e., Chamaecostus, Costus, Dimerocostus, and Monocostus), we present the description of 17 new species of Neotropical Costus and one new species of the Neotropic endemic genus Chamaecostus with notes on their distribution and ecology, vernacular names (when known), and diagnostic characters for identification. Distribution maps are included for all species, and each description is accompanied by photographic plates illustrating diagnostic characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. M. Maas
- Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Botany, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, NetherlandsNaturalis Biodiversity CentreLeidenNetherlands
| | - Hiltje Maas-van de Kamer
- Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Botany, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, NetherlandsNaturalis Biodiversity CentreLeidenNetherlands
| | - Thiago André
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Botânica, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília (DF), BrazilUniversidade de BrasíliaBrasíliaBrazil
| | - David Skinner
- Le Jardin Ombragé, Tallahassee, (Private botanical garden, Botanic Gardens Conservation International – BGCI – registration ID 50148), Florida, USALe Jardin OmbragéTallahasseeUnited States of America
| | - Eugenio Valderrama
- Cornell University, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H.Bailey Hortorium, School of Integrative Plant Science, Ithaca, NY, USACornell UniversityIthacaUnited States of America
| | - Chelsea D. Specht
- Cornell University, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H.Bailey Hortorium, School of Integrative Plant Science, Ithaca, NY, USACornell UniversityIthacaUnited States of America
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Next-generation sequencing data show rapid radiation and several long-distance dispersal events in early Costaceae. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 179:107664. [PMID: 36403710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The monocot family Costaceae Nakai consists of seven genera but their mutual relationships have not been satisfactorily resolved in previous studies employing classical molecular markers. Phylogenomic analyses of 365 nuclear genes and nearly-complete plastome data provide almost fully resolved insights into their diversification. Paracostus is identified as sister to all other taxa, followed by several very short branches leading to discrete lineages, suggesting an ancient rapid radiation of these early lineages and leaving the exact relationships among them unresolved. Relationships among Chamaecostus, Dimerocostus and Monocostus confirmed earlier findings that these genera form a monophyletic group. The Afro-American Costus is also monophyletic. By contrast, Tapeinochilos appeared as a well-supported crown lineage of Cheilocostus rendering it paraphyletic. As these two genera differ morphologically from one another owing to a shift from insect- to bird-pollination, we propose to keep both names. The divergence time within Costaceae was estimated using penalized likelihood utilizing two fossils within Zingiberales, †Spirematospermum chandlerae and †Ensete oregonense, indicated a relatively recent diversification of Costaceae, between 18 and 9 Mya. Based on these data, the current pantropical distribution of the family is hypothesized to be the result of several long-distance intercontinental dispersal events, which do not correlate with global geoclimatic changes.
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Kay KM, Grossenbacher DL. Evolutionary convergence on hummingbird pollination in Neotropical Costus provides insight into the causes of pollinator shifts. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1572-1583. [PMID: 36068995 PMCID: PMC9826479 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of hummingbird pollination is common across angiosperms throughout the Americas, presenting an opportunity to examine convergence in both traits and environments to better understand how complex phenotypes arise. Here we examine independent shifts from bee to hummingbird pollination in the Neotropical spiral gingers (Costus) and address common explanations for the prevalence of transitions from bee to hummingbird pollination. We use floral traits of species with observed pollinators to predict pollinators of unobserved species and reconstruct ancestral pollination states on a well-resolved phylogeny. We examine whether independent transitions evolve towards the same phenotypic optimum and whether shifts to hummingbird pollination correlate with elevation or climate. Traits predicting hummingbird pollination include small flower size, brightly colored floral bracts and the absence of nectar guides. We find many shifts to hummingbird pollination and no reversals, a single shared phenotypic optimum across hummingbird flowers, and no association between pollination and elevation or climate. Evolutionary shifts to hummingbird pollination in Costus are highly convergent and directional, involve a surprising set of traits when compared with other plants with analogous transitions and refute the generality of several common explanations for the prevalence of transitions from bee to hummingbird pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Kay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California, Santa CruzSanta CruzCA95060USA
| | - Dena L. Grossenbacher
- Department of BiologyCalifornia Polytechnic State UniversitySan Luis ObispoCA93401USA
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Valderrama E, Landis JB, Skinner D, Maas PJM, Maas-van de Kramer H, André T, Grunder N, Sass C, Pinilla-Vargas M, Guan CJ, Phillips HR, de Almeida AMR, Specht CD. The genetic mechanisms underlying the convergent evolution of pollination syndromes in the Neotropical radiation of Costus L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:874322. [PMID: 36161003 PMCID: PMC9493542 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.874322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Selection together with variation in floral traits can act to mold floral form, often driven by a plant's predominant or most effective pollinators. To investigate the evolution of traits associated with pollination, we developed a phylogenetic framework for evaluating tempo and mode of pollination shifts across the genus Costus L., known for its evolutionary toggle between traits related to bee and bird pollination. Using a target enrichment approach, we obtained 957 loci for 171 accessions to expand the phylogenetic sampling of Neotropical Costus. In addition, we performed whole genome resequencing for a subset of 20 closely related species with contrasting pollination syndromes. For each of these 20 genomes, a high-quality assembled transcriptome was used as reference for consensus calling of candidate loci hypothesized to be associated with pollination-related traits of interest. To test for the role these candidate genes may play in evolutionary shifts in pollinators, signatures of selection were estimated as dN/dS across the identified candidate loci. We obtained a well-resolved phylogeny for Neotropical Costus despite conflict among gene trees that provide evidence of incomplete lineage sorting and/or reticulation. The overall topology and the network of genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) indicate that multiple shifts in pollination strategy have occurred across Costus, while also suggesting the presence of previously undetected signatures of hybridization between distantly related taxa. Traits related to pollination syndromes are strongly correlated and have been gained and lost in concert several times throughout the evolution of the genus. The presence of bract appendages is correlated with two traits associated with defenses against herbivory. Although labellum shape is strongly correlated with overall pollination syndrome, we found no significant impact of labellum shape on diversification rates. Evidence suggests an interplay of pollination success with other selective pressures shaping the evolution of the Costus inflorescence. Although most of the loci used for phylogenetic inference appear to be under purifying selection, many candidate genes associated with functional traits show evidence of being under positive selection. Together these results indicate an interplay of phylogenetic history with adaptive evolution leading to the diversification of pollination-associated traits in Neotropical Costus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Valderrama
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Jacob B. Landis
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- BTI Computational Biology Center, Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Dave Skinner
- Le Jardin Ombragé, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Paul J. M. Maas
- Section Botany, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Thiago André
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Nikolaus Grunder
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA, United States
| | - Chodon Sass
- University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Maria Pinilla-Vargas
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Clarice J. Guan
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Heather R. Phillips
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | | | - Chelsea D. Specht
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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10
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Ashokan A, Leong-Škorničková J, Suksathan P, Newman M, Kress WJ, Gowda V. Floral evolution and pollinator diversification in Hedychium: Revisiting Darwin's predictions using an integrative taxonomic approach. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1410-1427. [PMID: 35862825 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Hedychium J. Koenig (Zingiberaceae) is endemic to the Indo-Malayan Realm and is known for its colorful and fragrant flowers. Historically, two different pollination syndromes characterize Hedychium: diurnal or bird pollination, and nocturnal or moth pollination. In this study, we aim to understand the evolution of nocturnal and diurnal flowers, and to test its putative association with lineage diversification in Hedychium. METHODS A molecular tree of Hedychium was used as a scaffold upon which we estimated ancestral character states, phylogenetic signals, and correlations for certain categorical and continuous floral traits. Furthermore, we used phylomorphospace and trait-dependent diversification rate estimation analyses to understand phenotypic evolution and associated lineage diversification in Hedychium. RESULTS Although floral color and size lacked any association with specific pollinators, white or pale flowers were most common in the early branching clades when compared to bright-colored flowers, which were more widely represented in the most-derived clade IV. Five categorical and two continuous characters were identified to have informative evolutionary patterns, which also emphasized that ecology may have played a critical role in the diversification of Hedychium. CONCLUSIONS From our phylogenetic analyses and ecological observations, we conclude that specializations in pollinator interactions are rare in the hyperdiverse clade IV, thus challenging the role of both moth-specialization and bird-specialization as central factors in the diversification of Hedychium. However, our results also suggest that clade III (predominantly island clade) may show specializations, and future studies should investigate ecological and pollinator interactions, along with inclusion of new traits such as floral fragrance and anthesis time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Ashokan
- Tropical Ecology and Evolution (TrEE) Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Jana Leong-Škorničková
- Research & Conservation branch, Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, 259569, Singapore
| | - Piyakaset Suksathan
- Herbarium (QBG), Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P. O. Box 7, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai, 50180, Thailand
| | - Mark Newman
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - W John Kress
- Department of Botany, MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, United States
| | - Vinita Gowda
- Tropical Ecology and Evolution (TrEE) Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
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11
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Harenčár JG, Ávila‐Lovera E, Goldsmith GR, Chen GF, Kay KM. Flexible drought deciduousness in a neotropical understory herb. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1262-1272. [PMID: 35862815 PMCID: PMC9545341 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Adaptive divergence across environmental gradients is a key driver of speciation. Precipitation seasonality gradients are common in the tropics, yet drought adaptation is nearly unexplored in neotropical understory herbs. Here, we examined two recently diverged neotropical spiral gingers, one adapted to seasonal drought and one reliant on perennial water, to uncover the basis of drought adaptation. METHODS We combined ecophysiological trait measurements in the field and greenhouse with experimental and observational assessments of real-time drought response to determine how Costus villosissimus (Costaceae) differs from C. allenii to achieve drought adaptation. RESULTS We found that drought-adapted C. villosissimus has several characteristics indicating flexible dehydration avoidance via semi-drought-deciduousness and a fast economic strategy. Although the two species do not differ in water-use efficiency, C. villosissimus has a more rapid growth rate, lower leaf mass per area, lower stem density, higher leaf nitrogen, and a strong trend of greater light-saturated photosynthetic rates. These fast economic strategy traits align with both field-based observations and experimental dry-down results. During drought, C. villosissimus displays facultative drought-deciduousness, losing lower leaves during the dry season and rapidly growing new leaves in the wet season. CONCLUSIONS We revealed a drought adaptation strategy that has not, to our knowledge, previously been documented in tropical herbs. This divergent drought adaptation evolved recently and is an important component of reproductive isolation between C. villosissimus and C. allenii, indicating that adaptive shifts to survive seasonal drought may be an underappreciated axis of neotropical understory plant diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia G. Harenčár
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology DepartmentUniversity of California, Santa CruzSanta CruzCA95060USA
| | - Eleinis Ávila‐Lovera
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartado Postal 0843‐03092Panamá, República de Panamá
- Schmid College of Science and TechnologyChapman UniversityOrangeCA92866USA
| | | | - Grace F. Chen
- Department of BiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC27858USA
| | - Kathleen M. Kay
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology DepartmentUniversity of California, Santa CruzSanta CruzCA95060USA
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12
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Chen J, Zeng S, Zeng L, Nguyen KS, Yan J, Liu H, Xia N. Parahellenia, a new genus segregated from Hellenia (Costaceae) based on phylogenetic and morphological evidence. PLANT DIVERSITY 2022; 44:389-405. [PMID: 35967252 PMCID: PMC9363654 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies recognized three major lineages of the family Costaceae: a South American clade, an Asian clade and a Costus clade. However, the genus Hellenia within the Asian clade has been shown to be non-monophyletic and its morphology has not been studied carefully. Therefore, the complete plastid genomes of Hellenia species were obtained and the monophyly of Hellenia was tested through four different datasets in this study. Plastid phylogenomic analyses of Costaceae revealed that Hellenia is strongly supported as paraphyletic. Two major clades are recovered, namely the Hellenia s.s. subclade and the Parahellenia subclade. Phylogenetic analyses based on an enlarged taxon sampling of the Asian clade using a two chloroplast markers dataset (trnK intron and trnL-F spacer) confirmed the paraphyly of Hellenia. Meanwhile, morphological analyses suggested that members of the Parahellenia subclade differ from the remaining Hellenia species in many characters including inflorescences, bracts, stigma, axillary buds, floral tubes and labellum. According to the present molecular and morphological evidence, the latter subclade is recognized as a new genus, Parahellenia. Two new species are described, four new combinations are made, and identification keys are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linya Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Khang Sinh Nguyen
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jiawei Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 510225, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianhe Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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13
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Zhuang Y, Manzitto-Tripp EA. Co-expression network analyses of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in Ruellia (Wild Petunias; Acanthaceae). BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:27. [PMID: 35260074 PMCID: PMC8905905 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01955-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anthocyanins are major pigments contributing to flower coloration and as such knowledge of molecular architecture underlying the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway (ABP) is key to understanding flower color diversification. To identify ABP structural genes and associated regulatory networks, we sequenced 16 transcriptomes generated from 10 species of Ruellia and then conducted co-expression analyses among resulting data. Results Complete coding sequences for 12 candidate structural loci representing eight genes plus nine candidate regulatory loci were assembled. Analysis of non-synonymous/synonymous (dn/ds) mutation rates indicated all identified loci are under purifying selection, suggesting overall selection to prevent the accumulation of deleterious mutations. Additionally, upstream enzymes have lower rates of molecular evolution compared to downstream enzymes. However, site-specific tests of selection yielded evidence for positive selection at several sites, including four in F3'H2 and five in DFR3, and these sites are located in protein binding regions. A species-level phylogenetic tree constructed using a newly implemented hybrid transcriptome–RADseq approach implicates several flower color transitions among the 10 species. We found evidence of both regulatory and structural mutations to F3′5'H in helping to explain the evolution of red flowers from purple-flowered ancestors. Conclusions Sequence comparisons and co-expression analyses of ABP loci revealed that mutations in regulatory loci are likely to play a greater role in flower color transitions in Ruellia compared to mutations in underlying structural genes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-021-01955-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Zhuang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, UCB 334, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.,Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado, UCB 350, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.,College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Erin A Manzitto-Tripp
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, UCB 334, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA. .,Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado, UCB 350, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
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14
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Ávila-Lovera E, Goldsmith GR, Kay KM, Funk JL. Above- and below-ground functional trait coordination in the Neotropical understory genus Costus. AOB PLANTS 2022; 14:plab073. [PMID: 35035869 PMCID: PMC8757582 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study of plant functional traits and variation among and within species can help illuminate functional coordination and trade-offs in key processes that allow plants to grow, reproduce and survive. We studied 20 leaf, above-ground stem, below-ground stem and fine-root traits of 17 Costus species from forests in Costa Rica and Panama to answer the following questions: (i) Do congeneric species show above-ground and below-ground trait coordination and trade-offs consistent with theory of resource acquisition and conservation? (ii) Is there correlated evolution among traits? (iii) Given the diversity of habitats over which Costus occurs, what is the relative contribution of site and species to trait variation? We performed a principal components analysis (PCA) to assess for the existence of a spectrum of trait variation and found that the first two PCs accounted for 21.4 % and 17.8 % of the total trait variation, respectively, with the first axis of variation being consistent with a continuum of resource-acquisitive and resource-conservative traits in water acquisition and use, and the second axis of variation being related to the leaf economics spectrum. Stomatal conductance was negatively related to both above-ground stem and rhizome specific density, and these relationships became stronger after accounting for evolutionary relatedness, indicating correlated evolution. Despite elevation and climatic differences among sites, high trait variation was ascribed to individuals rather than to sites. We conclude that Costus species present trait coordination and trade-offs that allow species to be categorized as having a resource-acquisitive or resource-conservative functional strategy, consistent with a whole-plant functional strategy with evident coordination and trade-offs between above-ground and below-ground function. Our results also show that herbaceous species and species with rhizomes tend to agree with trade-offs found in more species-rich comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleinis Ávila-Lovera
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Gregory R Goldsmith
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Kathleen M Kay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Jennifer L Funk
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA
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15
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Leimberger KG, Dalsgaard B, Tobias JA, Wolf C, Betts MG. The evolution, ecology, and conservation of hummingbirds and their interactions with flowering plants. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:923-959. [PMID: 35029017 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The ecological co-dependency between plants and hummingbirds is a classic example of a mutualistic interaction: hummingbirds rely on floral nectar to fuel their rapid metabolisms, and more than 7000 plant species rely on hummingbirds for pollination. However, threats to hummingbirds are mounting, with 10% of 366 species considered globally threatened and 60% in decline. Despite the important ecological implications of these population declines, no recent review has examined plant-hummingbird interactions in the wider context of their evolution, ecology, and conservation. To provide this overview, we (i) assess the extent to which plants and hummingbirds have coevolved over millions of years, (ii) examine the mechanisms underlying plant-hummingbird interaction frequencies and hummingbird specialization, (iii) explore the factors driving the decline of hummingbird populations, and (iv) map out directions for future research and conservation. We find that, despite close associations between plants and hummingbirds, acquiring evidence for coevolution (versus one-sided adaptation) is difficult because data on fitness outcomes for both partners are required. Thus, linking plant-hummingbird interactions to plant reproduction is not only a major avenue for future coevolutionary work, but also for studies of interaction networks, which rarely incorporate pollinator effectiveness. Nevertheless, over the past decade, a growing body of literature on plant-hummingbird networks suggests that hummingbirds form relationships with plants primarily based on overlapping phenologies and trait-matching between bill length and flower length. On the other hand, species-level specialization appears to depend primarily on local community context, such as hummingbird abundance and nectar availability. Finally, although hummingbirds are commonly viewed as resilient opportunists that thrive in brushy habitats, we find that range size and forest dependency are key predictors of hummingbird extinction risk. A critical direction for future research is to examine how potential stressors - such as habitat loss and fragmentation, climate change, and introduction of non-native plants - may interact to affect hummingbirds and the plants they pollinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara G Leimberger
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 3100 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, U.S.A
| | - Bo Dalsgaard
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Joseph A Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Christopher Wolf
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 3100 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, U.S.A
| | - Matthew G Betts
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 3100 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, U.S.A
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16
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Li MJ, Yu HX, Guo XL, He XJ. Out of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and rapid radiation across Eurasia for Allium section Daghestanica (Amaryllidaceae). AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab017. [PMID: 34055281 PMCID: PMC8152445 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The disjunctive distribution (Europe-Caucasus-Asia) and species diversification across Eurasia for the genus Allium sect. Daghestanica has fascinating attractions for researchers aiming to understanding the development and history of modern Eurasia flora. However, no any studies have been carried out to address the evolutionary history of this section. Based on the nrITS and cpDNA fragments (trnL-trnF and rpl32-trnL), the evolutionary history of the third evolutionary line (EL3) of the genus Allium was reconstructed and we further elucidated the evolutionary line of sect. Daghestanica under this background. Our molecular phylogeny recovered two highly supported clades in sect. Daghestanica: the Clade I includes Caucasian-European species and Asian A. maowenense, A. xinlongense and A. carolinianum collected in Qinghai; the Clade II comprises Asian yellowish tepal species, A. chrysanthum, A. chrysocephalum, A. herderianum, A. rude and A. xichuanense. The divergence time estimation and biogeography inference indicated that Asian ancestor located in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and the adjacent region could have migrated to Caucasus and Europe distributions around the Late Miocene and resulted in further divergence and speciation; Asian ancestor underwent the rapid radiation in the QTP and the adjacent region most likely due to the heterogeneous ecology of the QTP resulted from the orogeneses around 4-3 million years ago (Mya). Our study provides a picture to understand the origin and species diversification across Eurasia for sect. Daghestanica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, Institute of Innovation Ecology & School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Huan-Xi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P.R. China
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, MEE, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Jin He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P.R. China
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17
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Ruchisansakun S, Mertens A, Janssens SB, Smets EF, van der Niet T. Evolution of pollination syndromes and corolla symmetry in Balsaminaceae reconstructed using phylogenetic comparative analyses. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:267-280. [PMID: 33091107 PMCID: PMC7789113 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Floral diversity as a result of plant-pollinator interactions can evolve by two distinct processes: shifts between pollination systems or divergent use of the same pollinator. Although both are pollinator driven, the mode, relative importance and interdependence of these different processes are rarely studied simultaneously. Here we apply a phylogenetic approach using the Balsaminaceae (including the species-rich genus Impatiens) to simultaneously quantify shifts in pollination syndromes (as inferred from the shape and colour of the perianth), as well as divergent use of the same pollinator (inferred from corolla symmetry). METHODS For 282 species we coded pollination syndromes based on associations between floral traits and known pollination systems, and assessed corolla symmetry. The evolution of these traits was reconstructed using parsimony- and model-based approaches, using phylogenetic trees derived from phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal and plastid DNA sequence data. KEY RESULTS A total of 71 % of studied species have a bee pollination syndrome, 22 % a bimodal syndrome (Lepidoptera and bees), 3 % a bird pollination syndrome and 5 % a syndrome of autogamy, while 19 % of species have an asymmetrical corolla. Although floral symmetry and pollination syndromes are both evolutionarily labile, the latter shifts more frequently. Shifts in floral symmetry occurred mainly in the direction towards asymmetry, but there was considerable uncertainty in the pattern of shift direction for pollination syndrome. Shifts towards asymmetrical flowers were associated with a bee pollination syndrome. CONCLUSION Floral evolution in Impatiens has occurred through both pollination syndrome shifts and divergent use of the same pollinator. Although the former appears more frequent, the latter is likely to be underestimated. Shifts in floral symmetry and pollination syndromes depend on each other but also partly on the region in which these shifts take place, suggesting that the occurrence of pollinator-driven evolution may be determined by the availability of pollinator species at large geographical scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Ruchisansakun
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg, BE Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arne Mertens
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan, Meise, Belgium
- Department of Biosystems, Lab of Tropical Crop Improvement, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Steven B Janssens
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan, Meise, Belgium
- Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Erik F Smets
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg, BE Leiden, The Netherlands
- Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Timotheüs van der Niet
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu–Natal, Scottsville, South Africa
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18
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Moré M, Ibañez AC, Drewniak ME, Cocucci AA, Raguso RA. Flower Diversification Across "Pollinator Climates": Sensory Aspects of Corolla Color Evolution in the Florally Diverse South American Genus Jaborosa (Solanaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:601975. [PMID: 33365042 PMCID: PMC7750315 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.601975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flower phenotype may diverge within plant lineages when moving across "pollinator climates" (geographic differences in pollinator abundance or preference). Here we explored the potential importance of pollinators as drivers of floral color diversification in the nightshade genus Jaborosa, taking into account color perception capabilities of the actual pollinators (nocturnal hawkmoths vs. saprophilous flies) under a geographic perspective. We analyzed the association between transitions across environments and perceptual color axes using comparative methods. Our results revealed two major evolutionary themes in Jaborosa: (1) a "warm subtropical sphingophilous clade" composed of three hawkmoth-pollinated species found in humid lowland habitats, with large white flowers that clustered together in the visual space of a model hawkmoth (Manduca sexta) and a "cool-temperate brood-deceptive clade" composed of largely fly-pollinated species with small dark flowers found at high altitudes (Andes) or latitudes (Patagonian Steppe), that clustered together in the visual space of a model blowfly (Lucilia sp.) and a syrphid fly (Eristalis tenax). Our findings suggest that the ability of plants to colonize newly formed environments during Andean orogeny and the ecological changes that followed were concomitant with transitions in flower color as perceived by different pollinator functional groups. Our findings suggest that habitat and pollination mode are inextricably linked in the history of this South American plant lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Moré
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana C. Ibañez
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M. Eugenia Drewniak
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea A. Cocucci
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Robert A. Raguso
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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19
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Hembry DH, Weber MG. Ecological Interactions and Macroevolution: A New Field with Old Roots. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011720-121505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Linking interspecific interactions (e.g., mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism) to macroevolution (evolutionary change on deep timescales) is a key goal in biology. The role of species interactions in shaping macroevolutionary trajectories has been studied for centuries and remains a cutting-edge topic of current research. However, despite its deep historical roots, classic and current approaches to this topic are highly diverse. Here, we combine historical and contemporary perspectives on the study of ecological interactions in macroevolution, synthesizing ideas across eras to build a zoomed-out picture of the big questions at the nexus of ecology and macroevolution. We discuss the trajectory of this important and challenging field, dividing research into work done before the 1970s, research between 1970 and 2005, and work done since 2005. We argue that in response to long-standing questions in paleobiology, evidence accumulated to date has demonstrated that biotic interactions (including mutualism) can influence lineage diversification and trait evolution over macroevolutionary timescales, and we outline major open questions for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Hembry
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Marjorie G. Weber
- Department of Plant Biology; Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Vargas OM, Goldston B, Grossenbacher DL, Kay KM. Patterns of speciation are similar across mountainous and lowland regions for a Neotropical plant radiation (Costaceae: Costus). Evolution 2020; 74:2644-2661. [PMID: 33047821 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
High species richness and endemism in tropical mountains are recognized as major contributors to the latitudinal diversity gradient. The processes underlying mountain speciation, however, are largely untested. The prevalence of steep ecogeographic gradients and the geographic isolation of populations by topographic features are predicted to promote speciation in mountains. We evaluate these processes in a species-rich Neotropical genus of understory herbs that range from the lowlands to montane forests and have higher species richness in topographically complex regions. We ask whether climatic niche divergence, geographic isolation, and pollination shifts differ between mountain-influenced and lowland Amazonian sister pairs inferred from a 756-gene phylogeny. Neotropical Costus ancestors diverged in Central America during a period of mountain formation in the last 3 million years with later colonization of Amazonia. Although climatic divergence, geographic isolation, and pollination shifts are prevalent in general, these factors do not differ between mountain-influenced and Amazonian sister pairs. Despite higher climatic niche and species diversity in the mountains, speciation modes in Costus appear similar across regions. Thus, greater species richness in tropical mountains may reflect differences in colonization history, diversification rates, or the prevalence of rapidly evolving plant life forms, rather than differences in speciation mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M Vargas
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95060.,Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California, 95521
| | - Brittany Goldston
- Department of Biology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, 93401
| | - Dena L Grossenbacher
- Department of Biology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, 93401
| | - Kathleen M Kay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95060
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Wang X, Wen M, Qian X, Pei N, Zhang D. Plants are visited by more pollinator species than pollination syndromes predicted in an oceanic island community. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13918. [PMID: 32811900 PMCID: PMC7434763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The pollination syndrome concept has provided powerful utility in understanding the evolution and adaptation of floral traits. However, the utility of this conception has been questioned on the grounds that flowers usually attract a broader spectrum of visitors than one might expect. Furthermore, the relationship between plant specialization and floral traits is poorly understood. Here, we examined the applicability of using the pollination syndrome to predict the pollinators of plants on Yongxing Island. We used the species-level specialization of pollination networks to compare the difference of plant ecological specialization among floral traits. The result of full model was not significant, indicating that floral traits did not affect the pollinator functional groups. The five floral traits explained only 22.5% of the pollinator's visitation preference. Our results showed that plants were visited by more pollinator species than pollination syndromes predicted. Plants with restrictive flowers showed higher specialization than those with unrestrictive flowers, while other floral traits exhibited no significant effect on plant specialization. Generalized pollination system on oceanic island might influence the predictive accuracy of pollination syndromes and the relationship between floral traits and plant ecological specialization. Our findings highlighted the utility and limitations of pollination syndromes concept in oceanic island communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - Meihong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Qian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - Nancai Pei
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dianxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, Guangdong, China.
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Valderrama E, Sass C, Pinilla-Vargas M, Skinner D, Maas PJM, Maas-van de Kamer H, Landis JB, Guan CJ, Specht CD. Unraveling the Spiraling Radiation: A Phylogenomic Analysis of Neotropical Costus L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1195. [PMID: 32922414 PMCID: PMC7456938 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The family of pantropical spiral gingers (Costaceae Nakai; c. 125 spp.) can be used as a model to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying Neotropical diversity. Costaceae has higher taxonomic diversity in South and Central America (c. 72 Neotropical species, c. 30 African, c. 23 Southeast Asian), particularly due to a radiation of Neotropical species of the genus Costus L. (c. 57 spp.). However, a well-supported phylogeny of the Neotropical spiral gingers including thorough sampling of proposed species encompassing their full morphologic and geographic variation is lacking, partly due to poor resolution recovered in previous analyses using a small sampling of loci. Here we use a phylogenomic approach to estimate the phylogeny of a sample of Neotropical Costus species using a targeted enrichment approach. Baits were designed to capture conserved elements' variable at the species level using available genomic sequences of Costus species and relatives. We obtained 832 loci (generating 791,954 aligned base pairs and 31,142 parsimony informative sites) for samples that encompassed the geographical and/or morphological diversity of some recognized species. Higher support values that improve the results of previous studies were obtained when including all the available loci, even those producing unresolved gene trees and having a low proportion of variable sites. Concatenation and coalescent-based species trees methods converge in almost the same topology suggesting a robust estimation of the relationships, even under the high levels of gene tree conflict presented here. The bait set design here presented made inferring a robust phylogeny to test taxonomic hypotheses possible and will improve our understanding of the origins of the charismatic diversity of the Neotropical spiral gingers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Valderrama
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Chodon Sass
- The University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Maria Pinilla-Vargas
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | | | - Paul J. M. Maas
- Section Botany, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Jacob B. Landis
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Clarice J. Guan
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Chelsea D. Specht
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Martel C, Neubig KM, Williams NH, Ayasse M. The uncinate viscidium and floral setae, an evolutionary innovation and exaptation to increase pollination success in the Telipogon alliance (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00457-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Pessoa E, Sader M, Pedrosa-Harand A, Alves M. A natural hybrid, an autopolyploid, or a new species? An integrative case study of a distinctive Costus species (Costaceae) from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. SYST BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2020.1729890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edlley Pessoa
- Laboratório de Estudos Integrados de Plantas, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Mariela Sader
- Laboratory of Plant Cytogenetics and Evolution, Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Andrea Pedrosa-Harand
- Laboratory of Plant Cytogenetics and Evolution, Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Marccus Alves
- Laboratório de Morfo-Taxonomia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
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Ogutcen E, Durand K, Wolowski M, Clavijo L, Graham C, Glauser G, Perret M. Chemical Basis of Floral Color Signals in Gesneriaceae: The Effect of Alternative Anthocyanin Pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:604389. [PMID: 33381138 PMCID: PMC7767864 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.604389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Changes in floral pigmentation can have dramatic effects on angiosperm evolution by making flowers either attractive or inconspicuous to different pollinator groups. Flower color largely depends on the type and abundance of pigments produced in the petals, but it is still unclear whether similar color signals rely on same biosynthetic pathways and to which extent the activation of certain pathways influences the course of floral color evolution. To address these questions, we investigated the physical and chemical aspects of floral color in the Neotropical Gesnerioideae (ca. 1,200 spp.), in which two types of anthocyanins, hydroxyanthocyanins, and deoxyanthocyanins, have been recorded as floral pigments. Using spectrophotometry, we measured flower reflectance for over 150 species representing different clades and pollination syndromes. We analyzed these reflectance data to estimate how the Gesnerioideae flowers are perceived by bees and hummingbirds using the visual system models of these pollinators. Floral anthocyanins were further identified using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. We found that orange/red floral colors in Gesnerioideae are produced either by deoxyanthocyanins (e.g., apigenidin, luteolinidin) or hydroxyanthocyanins (e.g., pelargonidin). The presence of deoxyanthocyanins in several lineages suggests that the activation of the deoxyanthocyanin pathway has evolved multiple times in the Gesnerioideae. The hydroxyanthocyanin-producing flowers span a wide range of colors, which enables them to be discriminated by hummingbirds or bees. By contrast, color diversity among the deoxyanthocyanin-producing species is lower and mainly represented at longer wavelengths, which is in line with the hue discrimination optima for hummingbirds. These results indicate that Gesnerioideae have evolved two different biochemical mechanisms to generate orange/red flowers, which is associated with hummingbird pollination. Our findings also suggest that the activation of the deoxyanthocyanin pathway has restricted flower color diversification to orange/red hues, supporting the potential constraining role of this alternative biosynthetic pathway on the evolutionary outcome of phenotypical and ecological diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Ogutcen
- Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karine Durand
- Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marina Wolowski
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Laura Clavijo
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, National University of Colombia, UNAL, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Catherine Graham
- Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchatel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchatel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Perret
- Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Mathieu Perret,
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Beyond Refugia: New Insights on Quaternary Climate Variation and the Evolution of Biotic Diversity in Tropical South America. NEOTROPICAL DIVERSIFICATION: PATTERNS AND PROCESSES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31167-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Pauw A. A Bird's-Eye View of Pollination: Biotic Interactions as Drivers of Adaptation and Community Change. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nectarivorous birds and bird-pollinated plants are linked by a network of interactions. Here I ask how these interactions influence evolution and community composition. I find near complete evidence for the effect of birds on plant evolution. Experiments show the process in action—birds select among floral phenotypes in a population—and comparative studies find the resulting pattern—bird-pollinated species have long-tubed, red flowers with large nectar volumes. Speciation is accomplished in one “magical” step when adaptation for bird pollination brings about divergent morphology and reproductive isolation. In contrast, evidence that plants drive bird evolution is fragmentary. Studies of selection on population-level variation are lacking, but the resulting pattern is clear—nectarivorous birds have evolved a remarkable number of times and often have long bills and brush-tipped or tubular tongues. At the level of the ecological guild, birds select among plant species via an effect on seed set and thus determine plant community composition. Plants simultaneously influence the relative fitness of bird species and thus determine the composition of the bird guild. Interaction partners may give one guild member a constant fitness advantage, resulting in competitive exclusion and community change, or may act as limiting resources that depress the fitness of frequent species, thus stabilizing community composition and allowing the coexistence of diversity within bird and plant guilds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Pauw
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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Giaretta A, Vasconcelos TN, Mazine FF, Faria JEQ, Flores R, Holst B, Sano PT, Lucas E. Calyx (con)fusion in a hyper-diverse genus: Parallel evolution of unusual flower patterns in Eugenia (Myrtaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 139:106553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chen GF, Schemske DW. Adaptation to seasonal drought in two closely related species of Neotropical
Costus
(Costaceae). Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace F. Chen
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State University East Lansing Michigan
| | - Douglas W. Schemske
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State University East Lansing Michigan
- W. K. Kellogg Biological StationMichigan State University Hickory Corners Michigan
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Ibañez A, Moré M, Salazar G, Leiva S, Barboza G, Cocucci A. Crescendo, diminuendo and subito of the trumpets: winds of change in the concerted evolution between flowers and pollinators in Salpichroa (Solanaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 132:90-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Adeoba MI, Yessoufou K. Analysis of temporal diversification of African Cyprinidae (Teleostei, Cypriniformes). Zookeys 2018:141-161. [PMID: 30588160 PMCID: PMC6302146 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.806.25844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence that freshwater fishes diversify faster than marine fishes signifies that the evolutionary history of biodiversity in freshwater system is of particular interest. Here, the evolutionary diversification events of African Cyprinidae, a freshwater fish family with wide geographic distribution, were reconstructed and analysed. The overall diversification rate of African Cyprinidae is 0.08 species per million year (when extinction rate is very high, i.e., ε = 0.9) and 0.11 species per million year (when ε = 0). This overall rate is lower than the rate reported for African Cichlids, suggesting that African freshwaters might be less conducive for a rapid diversification of Cyprinidae. However, the observed diversification events of African Cyprinidae occurred in the last 10 million years. The temporal pattern of these events follows a non-constant episodic birth-death model (Bayes Factor > 28) and the rate-constant model never outperformed any of the non-constant models tested. The fact that most diversification events occurred in the last 10 million years supports the pattern reported for Cyprinidae in other continent, e.g., Asia, perhaps pointing to concomitant diversification globally. However, the diversification events coincided with major geologic and paleo-climatic events in Africa, suggesting that geological and climatic events may have mediated the diversification patterns of Cyprinidae on the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam I Adeoba
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Kowiyou Yessoufou
- Department of Geography, Environmental management and Energy studies, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
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“Pro-bird” floral traits discourage bumblebee visits to Penstemon gentianoides (Plantaginaceae), a mixed-pollinated herb. Naturwissenschaften 2018; 106:1. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-018-1595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Rangel TF, Edwards NR, Holden PB, Diniz-Filho JAF, Gosling WD, Coelho MTP, Cassemiro FAS, Rahbek C, Colwell RK. Modeling the ecology and evolution of biodiversity: Biogeographical cradles, museums, and graves. Science 2018; 361:361/6399/eaar5452. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aar5452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Individual processes shaping geographical patterns of biodiversity are increasingly understood, but their complex interactions on broad spatial and temporal scales remain beyond the reach of analytical models and traditional experiments. To meet this challenge, we built a spatially explicit, mechanistic simulation model implementing adaptation, range shifts, fragmentation, speciation, dispersal, competition, and extinction, driven by modeled climates of the past 800,000 years in South America. Experimental topographic smoothing confirmed the impact of climate heterogeneity on diversification. The simulations identified regions and episodes of speciation (cradles), persistence (museums), and extinction (graves). Although the simulations had no target pattern and were not parameterized with empirical data, emerging richness maps closely resembled contemporary maps for major taxa, confirming powerful roles for evolution and diversification driven by topography and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago F. Rangel
- Departmento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, 74.001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Neil R. Edwards
- School of Environment, Earth, and Ecosystems, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Philip B. Holden
- School of Environment, Earth, and Ecosystems, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | | | - William D. Gosling
- School of Environment, Earth, and Ecosystems, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marco Túlio P. Coelho
- Departmento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, 74.001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A. S. Cassemiro
- Departmento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, 74.001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ictiologia, Limnologia e Aquicultura. Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Carsten Rahbek
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Robert K. Colwell
- Departmento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, 74.001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Bruun-Lund S, Verstraete B, Kjellberg F, Rønsted N. Rush hour at the Museum – Diversification patterns provide new clues for the success of figs (Ficus L., Moraceae). ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Canal D, Köster N, Jones KE, Korotkova N, Croat TB, Borsch T. Phylogeny and diversification history of the large Neotropical genus Philodendron (Araceae): Accelerated speciation in a lineage dominated by epiphytes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:1035-1052. [PMID: 29995336 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Philodendron is a large genus of ~560 species and among the most conspicuous epiphytic components of Neotropical forests, yet its phylogenetic relationships, timing of divergence, and diversification history have remained unclear. We present a comprehensive phylogenetic study for Philodendron and investigate its diversification, including divergence-time estimates and diversification rate shift analyses. METHODS We performed the largest phylogenetic reconstruction for Philodendron to date, including 125 taxa with a combined dataset of three plastid regions (petD, rpl16, and trnK/matK). We estimated divergence times using Bayesian evolutionary analysis sampling trees and inferred shifts in diversification rates using Bayesian analysis of macroevolutionary mixtures. KEY RESULTS We found that Philodendron, its three subgenera, and the closely related genus Adelonema are monophyletic. Within Philodendron subgenus Philodendron, 12 statistically well-supported clades are recognized. The genus Philodendron originated ~25 mya and a diversification rate upshift was detected at the origin of subgenus Philodendron ~12 mya. CONCLUSIONS Philodendron is a species-rich Neotropical lineage that diverged from Adelonema during the late Oligocene. Within Philodendron, the three subgenera currently accepted are recovered in two lineages: one contains the subgenera Meconostigma and Pteromischum and the other contains subgenus Philodendron. The lineage containing subgenera Meconostigma and Pteromischum underwent a consistent diversification rate. By contrast, a diversification rate upshift occurred within subgenus Philodendron ~12 mya. This diversification rate upshift is associated with the species radiation of the most speciose subgenus within Philodendron. The sections accepted within subgenus Philodendron are not congruent with the clades recovered. Instead, the clades are geographically defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubán Canal
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Köster
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katy E Jones
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadja Korotkova
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas B Croat
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Monsanto Research Building, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri, 63166, USA
| | - Thomas Borsch
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Pollinator-mediated selection on plants can favor transitions to a new pollinator depending on the relative abundances and efficiencies of pollinators present in the community. A frequently observed example is the transition from bee pollination to hummingbird pollination. We present a population genetic model that examines whether the ability to inbreed can influence evolutionary change in traits that underlie pollinator attraction. We find that a transition to a more efficient but less abundant pollinator is favored under a broadened set of ecological conditions if plants are capable of delayed selfing rather than obligately outcrossing. Delayed selfing allows plants carrying an allele that attracts the novel pollinator to reproduce even when this pollinator is rare, providing reproductive assurance. In addition, delayed selfing weakens the effects of Haldane's sieve by increasing the fixation probability for recessive alleles that confer adaptation to the new pollinator. Our model provides novel insight into the paradoxical abundance of recessive mutations in adaptation to hummingbird attraction. It further predicts that transitions to efficient but less abundant pollinators (such as hummingbirds in certain communities) should disproportionately occur in self-compatible lineages. Currently available mating system data sets are consistent with this prediction, and we suggest future areas of research that will enable a rigorous test of this theory.
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37
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Missagia CCC, Alves MAS. Does beak size predict the pollination performance of hummingbirds at long and tubular flowers? A case study of a Neotropical spiral ginger. J Zool (1987) 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caio C. C. Missagia
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Maria Alice S. Alves
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJBrazil
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38
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Atlantic forests to the all Americas: Biogeographical history and divergence times of Neotropical Ficus (Moraceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 122:46-58. [PMID: 29371027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ficus (Moraceae) is well diversified in the Neotropics with two lineages inhabiting the wet forests of this region. The hemiepiphytes of section Americanae are the most diversified with c. 120 species, whereas section Pharmacosycea includes about 20 species mostly with a terrestrial habit. To reconstruct the biogeographical history and diversification of Ficus in the Americas, we produced a dated Bayesian phylogenetic hypothesis of Neotropical Ficus including two thirds of the species sequenced for five nuclear regions (At103, ETS, G3pdh, ITS/5.8S and Tpi). Ancestral range was estimated using all models available in Biogeobears and Binary State Speciation and Extinction analysis was used to evaluate the role of the initial habit and propagule size in diversification. The phylogenetic analyses resolved both Neotropical sections as monophyletic but the internal relationships between species in section Americanae remain unclear. Ficus started their diversification in the Neotropics between the Oligocene and Miocene. The genus experienced two bursts of diversification: in the middle Miocene and the Pliocene. Colonization events from the Amazon to adjacent areas coincide with the end of the Pebas system (10 Mya) and the connection of landmasses. Divergence of endemic species in the Atlantic forest is inferred to have happened after its isolation and the opening and consolidation of the Cerrado. Our results suggest a complex diversification in the Atlantic forest differing between postulated refuges and more instable areas in the South distribution of the forest. Finally the selection for initial hemiepiphytic habit and small to medium propagule size influenced the diversification and current distribution of the species at Neotropical forests marked by the historical instability and long-distance dispersal.
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39
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Serrano-Serrano ML, Rolland J, Clark JL, Salamin N, Perret M. Hummingbird pollination and the diversification of angiosperms: an old and successful association in Gesneriaceae. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2016.2816. [PMID: 28381621 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of specific functional groups of pollinators in the diversification of angiosperms are still to be elucidated. We investigated whether the pollination shifts or the specific association with hummingbirds affected the diversification of a highly diverse angiosperm lineage in the Neotropics. We reconstructed a phylogeny of 583 species from the Gesneriaceae family and detected diversification shifts through time, inferred the timing and amount of transitions among pollinator functional groups, and tested the association between hummingbird pollination and speciation and extinction rates. We identified a high frequency of pollinator transitions, including reversals to insect pollination. Diversification rates of the group increased through time since 25 Ma, coinciding with the evolution of hummingbird-adapted flowers and the arrival of hummingbirds in South America. We showed that plants pollinated by hummingbirds have a twofold higher speciation rate compared with plants pollinated by insects, and that transitions among functional groups of pollinators had little impact on the diversification process. We demonstrated that floral specialization on hummingbirds for pollination has triggered rapid diversification in the Gesneriaceae family since the Early Miocene, and that it represents one of the oldest identified plant-hummingbird associations. Biotic drivers of plant diversification in the Neotropics could be more related to this specific type of pollinator (hummingbirds) than to shifts among different functional groups of pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Liliana Serrano-Serrano
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Rolland
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John L Clark
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, PO Box 870345, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0345, USA
| | - Nicolas Salamin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Perret
- Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Biodiversity, University of Geneva, Chemin de l'Impératrice 1, 1292 Chambésy, Geneva, Switzerland
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40
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Huang ZH, Song YP, Huang SQ. Evidence for passerine bird pollination in Rhododendron species. AOB PLANTS 2017; 9:plx062. [PMID: 29308128 PMCID: PMC5751059 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
When insect activity is limited at low temperature, birds may be comparatively more important pollinators than insects for flowering plants. It has been thought that many large-flowered Rhododendron species are pollinated by local birds in the Himalayan regions because most of these species flower in spring at high elevation with cool atmospheric temperature. However, experimental evidence for the role of bird pollination in this hyperdiverse genus remains scarce. To examine the role of birds and insects in pollination, we observed floral visitors to 15 Rhododendron species with different floral sizes and abundant flowering individuals in the eastern Himalayas, Southwest China. To examine the role of birds and insects in female reproductive success in each species, cages were used to exclude birds but not insects from visiting flowers and net bags were used to exclude all floral visitors. Inflorescences where visitation was excluded did not produce fruits in any of the Rhododendron species, indicating that sexual reproduction in these species depended on pollinator visitation. Bird visits were generally less frequent than bee visits in the studied species. However, in the nine species on which bird visitors were observed, fruit and/or seed set were greatly reduced in inflorescences caged to exclude birds but not bees, compared to open-pollinated inflorescences. In the other six species on which bird visitation was not observed, fruit and seed set did not differ significantly between caged and open inflorescences except in one species (R. wardii). Manipulations to achieve selective exclusion of visitors demonstrated that birds could be effective pollinators for 10 out of 15 studied Rhododendron species in the eastern Himalayas. Floral characteristics of these Rhododendron species and weather conditions might favour the evolution of bird pollination systems in the East Himalayas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Huan Huang
- Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Yun-Peng Song
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Huang
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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41
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Lagomarsino LP, Forrestel EJ, Muchhala N, Davis CC. Repeated evolution of vertebrate pollination syndromes in a recently diverged Andean plant clade. Evolution 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura P. Lagomarsino
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Herbaria 22 Divinity Avenue Cambridge Massachusetts 02138
- Current Address: Department of Biology University of Missouri–St. Louis, and Missouri Botanical Garden 4500 Shaw Boulevard St. Louis Missouri 63110
| | | | - Nathan Muchhala
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri–St. Louis, Research Building One University Boulevard St. Louis Missouri 63121
| | - Charles C. Davis
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Herbaria 22 Divinity Avenue Cambridge Massachusetts 02138
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42
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Porter CK, Benkman CW. Assessing the Potential Contributions of Reduced Immigrant Viability and Fecundity to Reproductive Isolation. Am Nat 2017; 189:580-591. [DOI: 10.1086/691191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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43
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Resolving interspecific relationships within evolutionarily young lineages using RNA-seq data: An example from Pedicularis section Cyathophora (Orobanchaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 107:345-355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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44
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The phylogeny of Heliconia (Heliconiaceae) and the evolution of floral presentation. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 117:150-167. [PMID: 27998817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heliconia (Heliconiaceae, order Zingiberales) is among the showiest plants of the Neotropical rainforest and represent a spectacular co-evolutionary radiation with hummingbirds. Despite the attractiveness and ecological importance of many Heliconia, the genus has been the subject of limited molecular phylogenetic studies. We sample seven markers from the plastid and nuclear genomes for 202 samples of Heliconia. This represents ca. 75% of accepted species and includes coverage of all taxonomic subgenera and sections. We date this phylogeny using fossils associated with other families in the Zingiberales; in particular we review and evaluate the Eocene fossil Ensete oregonense. We use this dated phylogenetic framework to evaluate the evolution of two components of flower orientation that are hypothesized to be important for modulating pollinator discrimination and pollen placement: resupination and erect versus pendant inflorescence habit. Our phylogenetic results suggest that the monophyletic Melanesian subgenus Heliconiopsis and a small clade of Ecuadorian species are together the sister group to the rest of Heliconia. Extant diversity of Heliconia originated in the Late Eocene (39Ma) with rapid diversification through the Early Miocene, making it the oldest known clade of hummingbird-pollinated plants. Most described subgenera and sections are not monophyletic, though closely related groups of species, often defined by shared geography, mirror earlier morphological cladistic analyses. Evaluation of changes in resupination and inflorescence habit suggests that these characters are more homoplasious than expected, and this largely explains the non-monophyly of previously circumscribed subgenera, which were based on these characters. We also find strong evidence for the correlated evolution of resupination and inflorescence habit. The correlated model suggests that the most recent common ancestor of all extant Heliconia had resupinate flowers and erect inflorescences. Finally, we note our nearly complete species sampling and dated phylogeny allow for an assessment of taxonomic history in terms of phylogenetic diversity. We find approximately half of the currently recognized species, corresponding to half of the phylogenetic diversity, have been described since 1975, highlighting the continued importance of basic taxonomic research and conservation initiatives to preserve both described and undiscovered species of Heliconia.
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45
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André T, Salzman S, Wendt T, Specht CD. Speciation dynamics and biogeography of Neotropical spiral gingers (Costaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 103:55-63. [PMID: 27400627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Species can arise via the divisive effects of allopatry as well as due to ecological and/or reproductive character displacement within sympatric populations. Two separate lineages of Costaceae are native to the Neotropics; an early-diverging clade endemic to South America (consisting of ca. 16 species in the genera Monocostus, Dimerocostus and Chamaecostus); and the Neotropical Costus clade (ca. 50 species), a diverse assemblage of understory herbs comprising nearly half of total familial species richness. We use a robust dated molecular phylogeny containing most of currently known species to inform macroevolutionary reconstructions, enabling us to examine the context of speciation in Neotropical lineages. Analyses of speciation rate revealed a significant variation among clades, with a rate shift at the most recent common ancestor of the Neotropical Costus clade. There is an overall predominance of allopatric speciation in the South American clade, as most species display little range overlap. In contrast, sympatry is much higher within the Neotropical Costus clade, independent of node age. Our results show that speciation dynamics during the history of Costaceae is strongly heterogeneous, and we suggest that the Costus radiation in the Neotropics arose at varied geographic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago André
- Departments of Plant and Microbial Biology and Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley, 431 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA.
| | - Shayla Salzman
- Departments of Plant and Microbial Biology and Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley, 431 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA.
| | - Tânia Wendt
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Sala A1-050, Bloco A, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Chelsea D Specht
- Departments of Plant and Microbial Biology and Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley, 431 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA.
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46
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Ji Y, Sun Y, Gao W, Chu K, Wang R, Zhao Q, Sun H. Out of the Sichuan Basin: Rapid species diversification of the freshwater crabs in Sinopotamon (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae) endemic to China. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 100:80-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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47
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Brito VLG, Fendrich TG, Smidt EC, Varassin IG, Goldenberg R. Shifts from specialised to generalised pollination systems in Miconieae (Melastomataceae) and their relation with anther morphology and seed number. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:585-593. [PMID: 26789333 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Most species in Melastomataceae have poricidal anthers related to specialised bee buzz-pollination, while some have anthers with large openings associated to non-bee pollination systems. We tracked the evolution of anther morphology and seed number on the Miconieae phylogenetic tree to understand the evolutionary shifts in such pollination systems. Anther morphometric data and seed number were recorded for 54 taxa. Pollinators (bees, flies, wasps) were recorded for 20 available species. Ancestral state reconstruction was made using Maximum Likelihood from nrITS sequences. We used phylogenetic eigenvector regressions to estimate phylogenetic signal and the adaptive component for these traits. Species pollinated by bees or bees and wasps tend to have smaller pores and fruits with more seeds. Species pollinated by flies or flies and bees and/or wasps tend to have larger pores and fruits with less seeds. Independent evolution occurred three times for anthers with large pores and twice for fruits with few seeds. We detected a phylogenetic signal in both traits, and negative correlated evolution between them. In actinomorphic small-flowered Miconieae, changes in anther morphology can be related to generalisation in the pollination system incorporating flies and wasps as pollinators and lessening the importance of buzzing bees in such process. Differences in pollen removal and deposition may explain differences in anther morphology and seed number in Miconieae.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L G Brito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - T G Fendrich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - E C Smidt
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - I G Varassin
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - R Goldenberg
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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48
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Lagomarsino LP, Condamine FL, Antonelli A, Mulch A, Davis CC. The abiotic and biotic drivers of rapid diversification in Andean bellflowers (Campanulaceae). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:1430-42. [PMID: 26990796 PMCID: PMC4950005 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The tropical Andes of South America, the world's richest biodiversity hotspot, are home to many rapid radiations. While geological, climatic, and ecological processes collectively explain such radiations, their relative contributions are seldom examined within a single clade. We explore the contribution of these factors by applying a series of diversification models that incorporate mountain building, climate change, and trait evolution to the first dated phylogeny of Andean bellflowers (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae). Our framework is novel for its direct incorporation of geological data on Andean uplift into a macroevolutionary model. We show that speciation and extinction are differentially influenced by abiotic factors: speciation rates rose concurrently with Andean elevation, while extinction rates decreased during global cooling. Pollination syndrome and fruit type, both biotic traits known to facilitate mutualisms, played an additional role in driving diversification. These abiotic and biotic factors resulted in one of the fastest radiations reported to date: the centropogonids, whose 550 species arose in the last 5 million yr. Our study represents a significant advance in our understanding of plant evolution in Andean cloud forests. It further highlights the power of combining phylogenetic and Earth science models to explore the interplay of geology, climate, and ecology in generating the world's biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura P. Lagomarsino
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard University HerbariaHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
| | - Fabien L. Condamine
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGöteborgSE 405 30Sweden
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGöteborgSE 405 30Sweden
- Gothenburg Botanical GardenGöteborgSE 413 19Sweden
| | - Andreas Mulch
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK‐F)SenckenbergFrankfurt/Main60325Germany
- Institute for GeosciencesGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt/Main60438Germany
| | - Charles C. Davis
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard University HerbariaHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
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49
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Bergamo PJ, Rech AR, Brito VLG, Sazima M. Flower colour and visitation rates of
C
ostus arabicus
support the ‘bee avoidance’ hypothesis for red‐reflecting hummingbird‐pollinated flowers. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. Bergamo
- Departmento de Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biologia, C.P. 6109 Universidade Estadual de Campinas 13083‐970 Campinas SP Brasil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas 13083‐970 Campinas SPBrasil
| | - André R. Rech
- Departmento de Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biologia, C.P. 6109 Universidade Estadual de Campinas 13083‐970 Campinas SP Brasil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas 13083‐970 Campinas SPBrasil
- Curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri – UFVJM 39100‐000 Diamantina MG Brasil
| | - Vinícius L. G. Brito
- Departmento de Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biologia, C.P. 6109 Universidade Estadual de Campinas 13083‐970 Campinas SP Brasil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Uberlândia‐ UFU 38400‐902 Uberlândia MG Brasil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas 13083‐970 Campinas SP Brasil
| | - Marlies Sazima
- Departmento de Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biologia, C.P. 6109 Universidade Estadual de Campinas 13083‐970 Campinas SP Brasil
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50
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Koenen EJM, Clarkson JJ, Pennington TD, Chatrou LW. Recently evolved diversity and convergent radiations of rainforest mahoganies (Meliaceae) shed new light on the origins of rainforest hyperdiversity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 207:327-339. [PMID: 26053172 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Tropical rainforest hyperdiversity is often suggested to have evolved over a long time-span (the 'museum' model), but there is also evidence for recent rainforest radiations. The mahoganies (Meliaceae) are a prominent plant group in lowland tropical rainforests world-wide but also occur in all other tropical ecosystems. We investigated whether rainforest diversity in Meliaceae has accumulated over a long time or has more recently evolved. We inferred the largest time-calibrated phylogeny for the family to date, reconstructed ancestral states for habitat and deciduousness, estimated diversification rates and modeled potential shifts in macro-evolutionary processes using a recently developed Bayesian method. The ancestral Meliaceae is reconstructed as a deciduous species that inhabited seasonal habitats. Rainforest clades have diversified from the Late Oligocene or Early Miocene onwards. Two contemporaneous Amazonian clades have converged on similar ecologies and high speciation rates. Most species-level diversity of Meliaceae in rainforest is recent. Other studies have found steady accumulation of lineages, but the large majority of plant species diversity in rainforests is recent, suggesting (episodic) species turnover. Rainforest hyperdiversity may best be explained by recent radiations from a large stock of higher level taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J M Koenen
- Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zürich, Switzerland
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - James J Clarkson
- Molecular Systematics Section, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Terence D Pennington
- Herbarium, Library, Art & Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Lars W Chatrou
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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