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Chen H, Du P, Yang T, Xu X, Cui T, Dai Y. Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with high risk of breast cancer: a pooled analysis of 68,014 participants. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1274340. [PMID: 37901319 PMCID: PMC10613072 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1274340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women. Previous studies had shown that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection might serve as a risk factor for breast cancer, while some studies failed to find such an association. Methods In this study, we presented a first attempt to capture and clarify this clinical debate via a cumulative analysis (registration ID: CRD42023445888). Results After systematically searching and excluding the irrelevant publications, five case-control or cohort studies were finally included. The synthetic effect from the eligible studies showed that patients with HCV infection had a significantly higher prevalence of breast cancer than non-HCV infected general population (combined HR= 1.382, 95%CI: 1.129 to 1.692, P=0.002). There was no evidence of statistical heterogeneity during this pooled analysis (I2 = 13.2%, P=0.33). The sensitivity analyses confirmed the above findings. No significant publication bias was observed among the included studies. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms for this relationship might be associated with persistent infection/inflammation, host immune response, and the modulation of HCV-associated gene expression. Discussion Though the causal association between HCV infection and breast cancer did not seem quite as strong, screening for HCV might enable the early detection of breast cancer and help to prevent the progression of the disease. Since the topic of this study remains a matter of clinical debate, further studies are still warranted to validate this potential association. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023445888.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pei Du
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianyao Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tiantai People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueyuan Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianyang Cui
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhang Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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Obi S, Kanda M, Ooka Y, Ohyama H, Yokouchi R, Sato N, Mochizuki H, Omata M. The incidence of all organ malignancies and overall survival of patient with sustained virological response of HCV-comparable to SMR (standardized mortality ratio) of Japan general population. Hepatol Int 2023; 17:562-572. [PMID: 36811823 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10495-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study prospectively observed the incidence of all malignancies and the prognosis of all patients in a population of patients who achieved Sustained Virological Response (SVR) with a 100% capture rate. DESIGN A prospective study of 651 SVR cases was conducted from July 2013 to December 2021. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of all malignancies, and the secondary endpoint was overall survival. The cancer incidence during the follow-up period was calculated using the man-year method, and risk factors were analyzed. In addition, sex- and age-matched standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was used to compare the general population with the study population. RESULTS The overall median follow-up was 5.44 years. 107 malignancies occurred in 99 patients during the follow-up. The incidence of all malignancies was 3.94/100 person-years. The cumulative incidence was 3.6% at 1 year, 11.1% at 3 years, and 17.9% at 5 years, and continued to increase almost linearly. The incidence of liver cancer and non-liver cancer was 1.94/100 patient-years vs. 1.81%/100 patient-years. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 99.3%, 96.5%, and 94.4%, respectively. This life expectancy was compared to the standardized mortality ratio of the Japanese population, which proved non-inferior. CONCLUSION It was found that malignancies of other organs occur as frequently as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, follow-up of patients who have achieved SVR should focus not only on HCC but also on malignant tumors of other organs, and lifelong follow could contribute prolonged life expectancy for the previously short-lived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Obi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, 3426-3 Anesaki, Ichihara, Chiba, 2990111, Japan. .,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoundo Hospital of Sasaki Institute, 1-8 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Miho Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoundo Hospital of Sasaki Institute, 1-8 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ooka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Yokouchi
- Department of Cancer Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Naho Sato
- Department of Cancer Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.,Department of Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masao Omata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.,The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Honma Y, Shibata M, Morino K, Koya Y, Hayashi T, Ogino N, Kusanaga M, Oe S, Miyagawa K, Abe S, Tabaru A, Harada M. Impact of Interferon-Free Direct-Acting Antivirals on the Incidence of Extrahepatic Malignancies in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:685-698. [PMID: 36100828 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of extrahepatic malignancies (EHMs) after hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication by interferon (IFN)-based and IFN-free direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) treatment remains unclear. AIMS The aim was to evaluate the cumulative incidence of EHMs diagnosed for the first time after the antiviral treatments. METHODS We analyzed a total 527 patients with chronic HCV infection and without prior history of any malignancies who achieved sustained virological response by antiviral treatments, including IFN-based (n = 242) or IFN-free DAAs (n = 285). The baseline predictors for EHM occurrence were analyzed using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Thirty-two patients were diagnosed with EHMs, 14 in IFN-based and 18 in IFN-free DAAs, respectively. The total duration of follow-up was 1,796 person-years in IFN-based and 823 person-years in IFN-free DAAs. The incidence of EHMs in IFN-based and IFN-free DAAs was 7.8 and 21.9 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. The cumulative incidence of EHMs was significantly higher in IFN-free DAAs than IFN-based (p = 0.002). IFN-free DAAs was a single independent predictor for incidence of EHMs (p = 0.012). As for gender, the incidence of EHMs was significantly higher in IFN-free DAAs only in the female cohort (p = 0.002). After propensity score matching, IFN-free DAAs was a single independent predictor for incidence of EHMs in the female patients (p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of EHMs after HCV eradication is higher in IFN-free DAAs than IFN-based regimens, especially in female patients. We should carefully follow-up not only HCC but also EHMs after IFN-free DAAs regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Honma
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Michihiko Shibata
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kahori Morino
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yudai Koya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Moji Medical Center, 3-1 Higashiminato-machi, Moji-ku, Kitakyushu, 801-8502, Japan
| | - Tsuguru Hayashi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Ogino
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Masashi Kusanaga
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Shinji Oe
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Koichiro Miyagawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Shintaro Abe
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Akinari Tabaru
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wakamatsu Hospital of the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-17-1 Hama-machi, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, 800-0024, Japan
| | - Masaru Harada
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
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Kadry DY, Elbahnasawy MA, Mansour MTM, EL Gebaly OK, Aziz H, Kamel MM, Abdel-Moneim AS, Radwan S. The impact of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections in patients with Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2023; 37:3946320231207342. [PMID: 37859403 PMCID: PMC10588407 DOI: 10.1177/03946320231207342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HCV and occult HBV among newly diagnosed pre-treatment Egyptian lymphoma patients and evaluate patients' outcomes based on the presence of the viral infections. METHODS The study included 80 therapy-naïve lymphoma patients including 71 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and 9 Hodgkin lymphoma disease (HD) in addition to 100 healthy volunteers. HBV screening using HBsAg and anti-HBc IgM and HCV using AB/Ag ELISA and real-time RT-PCR were screened in tested and control groups. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were conducted to diseased patients. RESULTS Healthy patients showed 4/100, (4%) active HCV infection and 1/100, (1%) active HBV infection and no occult HBV infection. Among NHL patients, 28 were positive for HBV (6 active and 22 occult HBV infection). Occult HBV was also detected in 5/9 HD patients. HCV was detected in (30/71, 42.3%) of NHL patients and in a single HD patient. Ten occult HBV NHL patients showed a mixed infection with HCV. The incidence of both HCV and HBV are higher in NHL than HL patients. After antitumor treatment, complete remission for lymphoma was achieved in 45% of patients. Both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were correlated and significantly associated with patients' LDH levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings claim the suggestive role of HCV and occult HBV infections in NHL but not HL patients in comparison to healthy control, suggesting pre-screening of related factors including occult HBV in for potential better therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Y Kadry
- Clinical Pathology Department and Microbiology Lab, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Elbahnasawy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed TM Mansour
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omnia K EL Gebaly
- Clinical Pathology Department and Microbiology Lab, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala Aziz
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Kamel
- Clinical Pathology Department and Microbiology Lab, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Abdel-Moneim
- Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, Taif University, Al-Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Radwan
- Clinical Pathology Department and Microbiology Lab, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Derbak MA, Buchok OV, Ganich TM, Rivis MV, Lazur YV, Polyak-Tovt VM, Timashev VV. PECULIARITIES OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE LIVER IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C IN THE PRESENCE OF CHRONIC PANCREATITIS. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:2359-2364. [PMID: 38112349 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202311103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To study the features of the functional state of the liver in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in the presence of CP, depending on the enzymatic activity of the pancreas. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: 72 patients were under observation: 52 with CHC and CP with exocrine secretory insufficiency (EI) of the pancreas and 20 - with CHC and CP without EI. In all patients, the degree of liver fibrosis, levels of aminotransferases, total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltransferase, albumin, stool coproscopy and pancreatic fecal elastase-1 (FE-1) were determined. RESULTS Results: It was revealed that in patients with CHC combined with CP+EI of the pancreas, higher activity of the necroinflammatory process and deeper stages of liver fibrosis is more often noted than in patients with preserved exocrine function of the pancreas. A statistically significant association was established between the degree of liver fibrosis and the presence of EI of the pancreas (p=0.03), namely, in patients with CHC and CP with EI of the pancreas, the degree of fibrosis F2-4 was 2.8 times more frequent. Also, higher levels of aminotransferases and lower levels of albumin were noted in this group of patients than in patients with CHC and CP with preserved exocrine function of the pancreatic gland. CONCLUSION Conclusions: In patients with CHC combined with CP+EI of the pancreas, higher levels of fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity of the liver are more often detected, as well as a tendency to lower albumin levels, than in patients with CHC and CP without EI.
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6
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Viral Agents as Potential Drivers of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Tumorigenesis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102105. [DOI: 10.3390/v14102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among numerous causative agents recognized as oncogenic drivers, 13% of total cancer cases occur as a result of viral infections. The intricacy and diversity of carcinogenic processes, however, raise significant concerns about the mechanistic function of viruses in cancer. All tumor-associated viruses have been shown to encode viral oncogenes with a potential for cell transformation and the development of malignancies, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Given the difficulties in identifying single mechanistic explanations, it is necessary to combine ideas from systems biology and viral evolution to comprehend the processes driving viral cancer. The potential for more efficient and acceptable therapies lies in targeted medicines that aim at viral proteins or trigger immune responses to either avoid infection or eliminate infected or cancerous cells. In this review, we aim to describe the role of viral infections and their mechanistic approaches in DLBCL tumorigenesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review summarizing the oncogenic potential of numerous viral agents in DLBCL development.
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Kawata K, Atsukawa M, Ohta K, Chida T, Noritake H, Arai T, Iwakiri K, Yasuda S, Toyoda H, Okubo T, Hiraoka A, Watanabe T, Uojima H, Nozaki A, Tani J, Morishita A, Kageyama F, Sasada Y, Nagasawa M, Matsushita M, Oyaizu T, Mikami S, Ikegami T, Abe H, Matsuura K, Tanaka Y, Tsubota A. Mac-2-binding protein glycan isomer predicts all malignancies after sustained virological response in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:1855-1869. [PMID: 35344290 PMCID: PMC9315127 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite reports of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection after achieving sustained virological response (SVR), only few studies have demonstrated the incidence of other (non-HCC) malignancies. This study aimed to clarify the incidence, survival probability, and factors associated with malignancy, especially non-HCC malignancies, in patients with chronic HCV infection after achieving SVR. In this retrospective study, records of 3580 patients with chronic HCV infection who achieved SVR following direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment were analyzed. The cumulative post-SVR incidence of non-HCC malignancies was 0.9%, 3.1%, and 6.8% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The survival probability for patients with non-HCC malignancies was 99.1%, 78.8%, and 60.2% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively, and the rate was significantly lower than that for patients with HCC. The Cox proportional hazards regression model identified Mac-2-binding protein glycan isomer (M2BPGi) cutoff index (COI) ≥ 1.90 at baseline and ≥ 1.50 at 12 weeks following DAA treatment as significant and independent factors associated with the post-SVR incidence of non-HCC malignancies. Furthermore, patients with either M2BPGi COI ≥ 1.90 at baseline or M2BPGi COI ≥ 1.50 at SVR12 had a significantly higher risk of post-SVR incidence of non-HCC malignancies than of HCC. Conclusion: M2BPGi measurements at baseline and SVR12 may help predict the post-SVR incidence of non-HCC malignancies in patients with chronic HCV infection who achieved SVR following DAA treatment. Early identification of these patients is critical to prolong patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Kawata
- 12793Hepatology DivisionDepartment of Internal Medicine IIHamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsuShizuokaJapan
| | - Masanori Atsukawa
- 26367Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineNippon Medical SchoolBunkyo-ku, TokyoJapan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ohta
- 12793Hepatology DivisionDepartment of Internal Medicine IIHamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsuShizuokaJapan
| | - Takeshi Chida
- 12793Hepatology DivisionDepartment of Internal Medicine IIHamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsuShizuokaJapan
| | - Hidenao Noritake
- 12793Hepatology DivisionDepartment of Internal Medicine IIHamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsuShizuokaJapan
| | - Taeang Arai
- 26367Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineNippon Medical SchoolBunkyo-ku, TokyoJapan
| | - Katsuhiko Iwakiri
- 26367Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineNippon Medical SchoolBunkyo-ku, TokyoJapan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- 37124Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOgaki Municipal HospitalOgaki, GifuJapan
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- 37124Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOgaki Municipal HospitalOgaki, GifuJapan
| | - Tomomi Okubo
- 38626Division of GastroenterologyNippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh HospitalInzaiChibaJapan
| | - Atsushi Hiraoka
- Gastroenterology CenterEhime Prefectural Central HospitalMatsuyamaEhimeJapan
| | - Tsunamasa Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineSt. Marianna University School of MedicineKawasakiKanagawaJapan
| | - Haruki Uojima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal MedicineKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaKanagawaJapan
| | - Akito Nozaki
- 26437Gastroenterological CenterYokohama City University Medical CenterYokohamaKanagawaJapan
| | - Joji Tani
- Department of Gastroenterology and NeurologyKagawa University Graduate School of MedicineKita-gunKagawaJapan
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and NeurologyKagawa University Graduate School of MedicineKita-gunKagawaJapan
| | - Fujito Kageyama
- 37050Department of GastroenterologyHamamatsu Medical CenterHamamatsuShizuokaJapan
| | - Yuzo Sasada
- 13773Department of GastroenterologyIwata City HospitalIwataShizuokaJapan
| | - Masamichi Nagasawa
- Department of GastroenterologySeirei Hamamatsu General HospitalHamamatsuShizuokaJapan
| | - Masahiro Matsushita
- Department of GastroenterologyShimada Municipal HospitalShimadaShizuokaJapan
| | - Tatsuki Oyaizu
- 26388Department of GastroenterologyShizuoka City Shizuoka HospitalShizuokaShizuokaJapan
| | - Shigeru Mikami
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of Internal MedicineKikkoman General HospitalNodaChibaJapan
| | - Tadashi Ikegami
- Department of GastroenterologyIbaraki Medical CenterTokyo Medical UniversityAmiIbarakiJapan
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineShinmatusdo Central General HospitalMatsudoChibaJapan
| | - Kentaro Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabolismNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaAichiJapan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- 13205Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyFaculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoKumamotoJapan
| | - Akihito Tsubota
- Core Research FacilitiesResearch Center for Medical ScienceThe Jikei University School of MedicineMinato-ku, TokyoJapan
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Loosen SH, Schöler D, Luedde M, Eschrich J, Luedde T, Kostev K, Roderburg C. Differential role of chronic liver diseases on the incidence of cancer: a longitudinal analysis among 248,224 outpatients in Germany. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04198-5. [PMID: 35867204 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic liver diseases, especially chronic hepatitis, are a known risk factor for the development of liver cancer. However, the risk of total cancer development and malignant potential from these diseases is largely unknown. Systematic data on the risk of cancer development from these diseases are missing. Therefore, the goal of this study is to analyze the risk of total cancer development in chronic liver diseases. METHODS A cohort of 15,706 patients with chronic hepatitis and 15,706 patients without hepatitis were matched by propensity scoring from outpatient practices in Germany over a period of 15 years. Cox regression models were conducted to study the association between alcoholic hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and cancer incidence, including liver, other digestive organs, skin, prostate, breast and lymphoid and hematopoietic tissue cancer. RESULTS Within 10 years of the index date, 19.3% of patients with alcoholic hepatitis and 13.4% of non-hepatitis individuals were diagnosed with cancer (log-rank p = 0.035). These proportions were 15.0 vs. 9.9% (p = 0.078) for autoimmune hepatitis, 8.7 vs. 7.1% (p = 0.015) for hepatitis B, and 12.7 vs. 7.6% (p < 0.001) for hepatitis C. In regression analyses, only alcoholic hepatitis (HR: 1.84, 95% CI 1.32-2.54) and hepatitis C (HR: 2.10, 95% CI 1.77-2.50) were significantly associated with increased risk of cancer. There was a very strong positive association between hepatitis C and liver cancer (HR: 78.2 (95% CI 10.9-560.7). Furthermore, hepatitis C was associated with an increased risk of respiratory organ cancer (HR: 2.59, 95% CI 1.42-4.73). CONCLUSION This study confirms the strong association between chronic hepatitis and liver cancer, but also with an overall elevated cancer risk, and especially of cancer in the respiratory tract in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven H Loosen
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - David Schöler
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Eschrich
- Clinic for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medical Center, Augustenbuger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Roderburg
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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9
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Cheng JS, Chen TC, Chen TDI, Ku HP, Huang SW, Wu TS, Chien RN, Chang ML. Association between breast cancer and hepatitis C: A joint study of hospitalized patients and nationwide cohorts. Transl Res 2022; 245:117-129. [PMID: 35259528 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Whether hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with breast cancer risk remains elusive, and we aimed to elucidate it. A nationwide population-based cohort study of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (TNHIRD) was conducted. Additionally, breast cancer risk factors, and HCV core expression were surveyed in breast cancer patients of a tertiary care center. Three TNHIRD cohorts (1:4:4, propensity score-matched, 2003-2012), including HCV-treated (3646 HCV-infected females with interferon-based therapy ≥6 months), HCV-untreated (n = 14,584) and HCV-uninfected (n = 14,584) cohorts, were enrolled. The HCV-untreated cohort had the highest 9-year breast cancer cumulative incidence (2.017%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.382%-2.846%), while the HCV-treated (1.073%; 0.414%-2.356%), and HCV-uninfected (1.453%; 0.785%-2.486%) cohorts showed no difference. Untreated HCV infection (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.701; 95% CI: 1.205%-2.400), urban residency (1.658, 1.183-2.323), and baseline cardiovascular events (1.920; 1.005-3.668) were associated with incident breast cancers. The interaction analysis showed that particularly among patients <49 years, HCV infection was associated with breast cancer development (2.193; 1.097-4.384). Of 12,170 hospitalized breast cancer patients, 4.90% were HCV Ab-positive. HCV Ab-positive patients were older (60.92+/-10.82 vs 53.91+/-11.38 years, P < 0.0001) and had a higher body mass index (25.39+/-5.1 vs 24.5+/-4.3 kg/m2, P = 0.007), rates of diabetes (30.60 vs 19.98%, P < 0.0001), hypertension (46.9 vs 30.39%, P < 0.0001), dyslipidemia (25.52 vs 20.28%, P = 0.031), and hyperuricemia (11.38 vs 5.52%, P < 0.0001) than their counterparts. No HCV core-positive cells were demonstrated in breast cancer tissues. Conclusions: Untreated HCV infection, urbanization, and cardiovascular events were potential risk factors for breast cancer. The HCV-associated risk was most prominent among patients <49 years, might not be associated with in situ HCV core-related oncogenesis but with metabolic alterations, and was reversed by anti-HCV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jur-Shan Cheng
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ching Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-DI Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ping Ku
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Huang
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shu Wu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Nan Chien
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Chang
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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10
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Rojas Rojas T, Poizot-Martin I, Rey D, Duvivier C, Bani-Sadr F, Cabie A, Delobel P, Jacomet C, Allavena C, Ferry T, Pugliese P, Valantin MA, Lamaury I, Hustache-Matthieu L, Fresard A, Houyou T, Huleux T, Cheret A, Makinson A, Obry-Roguet V, Lions C, Carrieri MP, Protopopescu C. Incidence of cervical, breast and colorectal cancers between 2010 and 2015 in people living with HIV in France. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261069. [PMID: 35333883 PMCID: PMC8956191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the incidence rates between 2010 and 2015 for invasive cervical cancer (ICC), breast cancer (BC), and colorectal cancer (CRC) in people living with HIV (PLWH) in France, and to compare them with those in the French general population. These cancers are targeted by the national cancer-screening program. SETTING This is a retrospective study based on the longitudinal data of the French Dat'AIDS cohort. METHODS Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for ICC and BC, and incidence rates for all three cancers were calculated overall and for specific sub-populations according to nadir CD4 cell count, HIV transmission category, HIV diagnosis period, and HCV coinfection. RESULTS The 2010-2015 CRC incidence rate was 25.0 [95% confidence interval (CI): 18.6-33.4] per 100,000 person-years, in 44,642 PLWH (both men and women). Compared with the general population, the ICC incidence rate was significantly higher in HIV-infected women both overall (SIR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.18-3.14) and in the following sub-populations: nadir CD4 ≤ 200 cells/mm3 (SIR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.45-4.74), HIV transmission through intravenous drug use (SIR = 5.14, 95% CI: 1.93-13.70), HCV coinfection (SIR = 3.52, 95% CI: 1.47-8.47) and HIV diagnosis before 2000 (SIR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.07-3.97). Conversely, the BC incidence rate was significantly lower in the study sample than in the general population (SIR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.42-0.73). CONCLUSION The present study showed no significant linear trend between 2010 and 2015 in the incidence rates of the three cancers explored in the PLWH study sample. Specific recommendations for ICC screening are still required for HIV-infected women and should focus on sub-populations at greatest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rojas Rojas
- Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM Sainte-Marguerite, Clinical Immuno-Hematological Unit Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Poizot-Martin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM Sainte-Marguerite, Clinical Immuno-Hematological Unit Marseille, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - David Rey
- Le Trait d’Union, HIV-Infection Care Center, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Claudine Duvivier
- APHP-Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre d’Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, IHU Imagine, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin—CNRS 8104—INSERM U1016—RIL Team: Retrovirus, Infection and Latency, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Centre Médical de l’Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Firouzé Bani-Sadr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Robert Debré Hospital, University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - André Cabie
- Université des Antilles, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique, France
| | - Pierre Delobel
- CHU de Toulouse, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales-INSERM, UMR 1043- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Jacomet
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital Infectious and Tropical disease Department, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Clotilde Allavena
- Infectious Diseases Department, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, INSERM UIC 1413, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Tristan Ferry
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Marc-Antoine Valantin
- GHPS Pitié Salpêtrière APHP, Infectious Diseases, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 6-INSERM-IPLESP, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Lamaury
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | | | - Anne Fresard
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Tamazighth Houyou
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
- ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional De La Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Huleux
- Service Universitaire des Maladies Infectieuses et du Voyageur—Centre Hospitalier G. DRON Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
| | - Antoine Cheret
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bicêtre Hospital, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Alain Makinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Montpellier University Hospital, INSERM U1175/IRD UMI 233, Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Obry-Roguet
- Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM Sainte-Marguerite, Clinical Immuno-Hematological Unit Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Lions
- Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM Sainte-Marguerite, Clinical Immuno-Hematological Unit Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Maria Patrizia Carrieri
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
- ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional De La Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Camelia Protopopescu
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
- ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional De La Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Marseille, France
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Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma among Patients with Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus in Taiwan: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030583. [PMID: 35158850 PMCID: PMC8833658 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is difficult to diagnose and has a high mortality rate. Large-scale database research is necessary to examine and strengthen the correlation between viral hepatitis and NHL. This retrospective cohort study analyzed differences in the risk of developing NHL for patients with hepatitis to elucidate these relationships by using nationwide data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. In this study, the incidence rate of NHL in patients with hepatitis B was 0.22%, and in patients with hepatitis C, the incidence rate of NHL was 0.35%. These comparisons indicate that patients with HBV or HCV have a higher incidence of NHL (OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.93–2.91). Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are associated with an increased risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); however, adequate data corroborating these associations are lacking. Therefore, a study based on the national database was performed to investigate the correlation between HBV and HCV with NHL in Taiwan. This research was a retrospective cohort study using a nationally representative database established by the Health and Welfare Data Science Center of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan. The participants were patients with HBV and HCV, analyzed using the propensity score matching method. The study results indicated that the incidence rate of NHL (0.13%) was significantly higher than that in patients from the general population. After controlling related variables, the hazard ratio (HR) of the incidence of NHL in patients with hepatitis was 2.37 (95% CI, 1.93–2.91). Furthermore, the incidence of NHL in patients with HBV was significantly higher than in patients from the general population (HR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.94–3.19). The incidence of NHL in patients with HCV was significantly higher than in patients from the general population (HR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.73–3.22). This study indicated that HBV and HCV significantly increase the risk of NHL.
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12
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Koustas E, Trifylli EM, Sarantis P, Papavassiliou AG, Karamouzis MV. Role of autophagy in cholangiocarcinoma: An autophagy-based treatment strategy. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1229-1243. [PMID: 34721764 PMCID: PMC8529918 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i10.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are diverse biliary epithelial tumours involving the intrahepatic, perihilar and distal parts of the biliary tree. The three entirely variable entities have distinct epidemiology, molecular characteristics, prognosis and strategy for clinical management. However, many cholangiocarcinoma tumor-cells appear to be resistant to current chemotherapeutic agents. The role of autophagy and the therapeutic value of autophagy-based therapy are largely unknown in CCA. The multistep nature of autophagy offers a plethora of regulation points, which are prone to be deregulated and cause different human diseases, including cancer. However, it offers multiple targetable points for designing novel therapeutic strategies. Tumor cells have evolved to use autophagy as an adaptive mechanism for survival under stressful conditions such as energy imbalance and hypoxic region of tumors within the tumor microenvironment, but also to increase invasiveness and resistance to chemotherapy. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the interplay between autophagy and cholangiocarcinogenesis, together with some preclinical studies with agents that modulate autophagy in order to induce tumor cell death. Altogether, a combinatorial strategy, which comprises the current anti-cancer agents and autophagy modulators, would represent a positive CCA patient approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Koustas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Eleni-Myrto Trifylli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Sarantis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Michalis V Karamouzis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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Fiorino S, Tateo F, Biase DD, Gallo CG, Orlandi PE, Corazza I, Budriesi R, Micucci M, Visani M, Loggi E, Hong W, Pica R, Lari F, Zippi M. SARS-CoV-2: lessons from both the history of medicine and from the biological behavior of other well-known viruses. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:1105-1133. [PMID: 34468163 PMCID: PMC8412036 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of the current pandemic worldwide and its associated disease COVID-19. In this review, we have analyzed SARS-CoV-2 characteristics and those ones of other well-known RNA viruses viz. HIV, HCV and Influenza viruses, collecting their historical data, clinical manifestations and pathogenetic mechanisms. The aim of the work is obtaining useful insights and lessons for a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2. These pathogens present a distinct mode of transmission, as SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza viruses are airborne, whereas HIV and HCV are bloodborne. However, these viruses exhibit some potential similar clinical manifestations and pathogenetic mechanisms and their understanding may contribute to establishing preventive measures and new therapies against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirio Fiorino
- Internal Medicine Unit, Budrio Hospital, Budrio (Bologna), Azienda USL, Bologna, 40054, Italy
- Author for correspondence: Tel.: +39 051 809 259;
| | - Fabio Tateo
- Institute of Geosciences & Earth Resources, CNR, c/o Department of Geosciences, Padova University, 35127, Italy
| | - Dario De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Claudio G Gallo
- Fisiolaserterapico Emiliano, Castel San Pietro Terme, Bologna, 40024, Italy
| | | | - Ivan Corazza
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Matteo Micucci
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Michela Visani
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Loggi
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Wandong Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Roberta Pica
- Unit of Gastroenterology & Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, 00157, Italy
| | - Federico Lari
- Internal Medicine Unit, Budrio Hospital, Budrio (Bologna), Azienda USL, Bologna, 40054, Italy
| | - Maddalena Zippi
- Unit of Gastroenterology & Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, 00157, Italy
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14
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Yang Y, Jiang Z, Wu W, Ruan L, Yu C, Xi Y, Wang L, Wang K, Mo J, Zhao S. Chronic Hepatitis Virus Infection Are Associated With High Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Cumulative Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:703558. [PMID: 34307172 PMCID: PMC8297975 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.703558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting studies demonstrated both chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection might be associated not only with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma but also extrahepatic malignancies, i.e., gastric cancer (GC). However, a quantitative result addressing the association between HBV/HCV infection and GC development is scarce. A systematic search to identify the eligible studies was performed in four databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the PsychINFO. The relationship between HBV/HCV infection and the risk of GC was quantified by calculating the hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). More methodologies of this study were available in the PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021243719). Thirteen included studies involving 7,027,546 individuals (mean age, 42.6-71.9 years) were enrolled in the pooled analyses. Two articles provided the clinical data of both HBV and HCV infections. The proportion of high methodological quality studies was 76.9% (10/13). Synthetic results from 10 eligible studies of HBV showed that HBV infection was associated with a significantly higher risk of GC when compared with the healthy controls without HBV infection (pooled HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08–1.47; P = 0.003; heterogeneity, I2 = 89.3%; P< 0.001). In line with this finding, the combined effect derived from five included studies of HCV also supported a significant positive association between chronic HBV infection and GC development (pooled HR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.28–2.76; P = 0.001; heterogeneity, I2 = 74.7%; P = 0.003). In conclusion, both chronic HBV and HCV infections were related to a high risk of GC. The plausible mechanisms underlying such association might be correlated to HBV/HCV infection-induced persistent inflammation, immune dysfunction, and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusha Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Zufu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Weizhou Wu
- Department of Urology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Libin Ruan
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Chengyang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Yuning Xi
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Liling Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Jinggang Mo
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Shankun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
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Chu YY, Cheng JS, Wu TS, Chen CW, Chang MY, Ku HP, Chien RN, Chang ML. Association between Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Esophageal Cancer: An Asian Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112395. [PMID: 34071668 PMCID: PMC8198559 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes many extrahepatic cancers, and whether HCV infection is associated with esophageal cancer development remains inconclusive. Methods: A nationwide population-based cohort study of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (TNHIRD) was conducted. Results: From 2003 to 2012, of 11,895,993 patients, three 1:1:1 propensity score-matched cohorts, including HCV-treated (interferon-based therapy ≧6 months, n = 9047), HCV-untreated (n = 9047), and HCV-uninfected cohorts (n = 9047), were enrolled. The HCV-untreated cohort had the highest 9-year cumulative incidence of esophageal cancer among the three cohorts (0.174%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.068–0.395) (p = 0.0292). However, no difference in cumulative incidences was identified between the HCV-treated (0.019%; 0.002–0.109%) and HCV-uninfected cohorts (0.035%; 0.007–0.133%) (p = 0.5964). The multivariate analysis showed that HCV positivity (hazard ratio (HR): 5.1, 95% CI HR: 1.39–18.51) and male sex (HR: 8.897; 95% CI HR: 1.194–66.323) were independently associated with the development of esophageal cancer. Of the three cohorts, the HCV-untreated cohort had the highest cumulative incidence of overall mortality at 9 years (21.459%, 95% CI: 18.599–24.460) (p < 0.0001), and the HCV-treated (12.422%, 95% CI: 8.653–16.905%) and HCV-uninfected cohorts (5.545%, 95% CI: 4.225–7.108%) yielded indifferent cumulative mortality incidences (p = 0.1234). Conclusions: Although HCV positivity and male sex were independent factors associated with esophageal cancer development, whether HCV infection is the true culprit or a bystander for developing esophageal cancer remains to be further investigated. Interferon-based anti-HCV therapy might attenuate esophageal risk and decrease overall mortality in HCV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yi Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.C.); (C.-W.C.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New Taipei Municipal Tu Cheng Hospital, New Taipei City 236, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan; (T.-S.W.); (M.-Y.C.); (R.-N.C.)
| | - Jur-Shan Cheng
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shu Wu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan; (T.-S.W.); (M.-Y.C.); (R.-N.C.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Linkou 333423, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.C.); (C.-W.C.)
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan; (T.-S.W.); (M.-Y.C.); (R.-N.C.)
| | - Ming-Yu Chang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan; (T.-S.W.); (M.-Y.C.); (R.-N.C.)
- Division of Pediatric Neurologic Medicine, Chang Gung Children’s Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ping Ku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New Taipei Municipal Tu Cheng Hospital, New Taipei City 236, Taiwan;
| | - Rong-Nan Chien
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan; (T.-S.W.); (M.-Y.C.); (R.-N.C.)
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Chang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan; (T.-S.W.); (M.-Y.C.); (R.-N.C.)
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 8102); Fax: +886-3-3272236
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Hussein O, El-Ghitany EM, Omran M, Matariek G, Elbadaly EA, Hamdy R, Gamal A, Zayed MM, Nasr A, Hamdy O, Elbasiony M, Abdelwahab K. High Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Antibody in Breast Cancer Patients in Egypt. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021; 15:11782234211002499. [PMID: 33814915 PMCID: PMC7995286 DOI: 10.1177/11782234211002499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a known risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. Several epidemiological studies have pointed out to an association of HCV infection with other extrahepatic malignancies. The role of chronic HCV in breast cancer causation is less clear. Egypt is an endemic area of HCV infection with resulting significant morbidity. The association between HCV status and breast cancer risk in Egyptian women is hitherto unknown. Methods: A retrospective study was performed. The prevalence of anti-HCV seropositivity was estimated in a sample of women with a breast cancer diagnosis, retrieved from the hospital records, and was compared to the raw data of a population study in Egypt. Anti-HCV negative and positive patients were compared regarding the disease course and outcome. Results: Retrospective analysis revealed a markedly high prevalence of anti-HCV seropositivity in young breast cancer patients. In patients younger than 45 years, 13.4% were anti-HCV positive. Seropositivity was 6-fold higher in these patients than in adult females of the same age without cancer diagnosis (P = .003). The biological type, tumor size, nodal status, and disease-free survival were not affected by the patients’ HCV status. Conclusion: Young Egyptian breast cancer patients have a dramatically high prevalence of HCV seropositivity. Further population studies are strongly required to investigate the epidemiological association of these two significant health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Hussein
- Oncology Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Engy Mohamed El-Ghitany
- Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mawadda Omran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | | | - Rana Hamdy
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amira Gamal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Nasr
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Omar Hamdy
- Oncology Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elbasiony
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abdelwahab
- Oncology Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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17
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Extrahepatic Malignancies After Treatment with Direct Antiviral Agents for Chronic HCV Infection. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 51:584-590. [PMID: 31407252 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-019-00293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct antiviral agents (DAAs) have become the treatment of choice for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). A safety concern was raised about a possible relationship between DDAs and malignancies. We report unexpected development of extrahepatic malignancies after DAA treatment. METHODS Four hundred thirty-one patients were treated with DAAs in our unit between January 2015 and February 2018. The most common regimen used the combination of paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir with/without dasabuvir (PrOD) (141 patients, 32.7%). The most common genotype was G1b (317 patients, 73.5%). RESULTS Nine patients (2.08%) were diagnosed with malignancies after treatment: three patients developed lymphoma, one laryngeal carcinoma, one pancreatic adenocarcinoma, one cervix carcinoma, one lung carcinoma, one developed recurrent transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, and one developed recurrent metastatic breast cancer. The incidence of these malignancies in the cohort was 696 to 100,000 for lymphoma and 232 to 100,000 for each one of the other malignancies described, while the incidence in the general population is 20, 8.8, 1.7, 44.7, 142, and 89.7 to 100,000, respectively. Five of these patients were treated with PrOD, two with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir, one with simeprevir and sofosbuvir, and one with ledipasvir and sofosbuvir. The occurrence of the malignancies was 3 months to 4 years after the end of the treatment. Besides, 10 patients (2.3%) developed HCC and one developed recurrent aggressive HCC. CONCLUSIONS This report raises a question about a possible relationship between treatment with DAAs and development of extrahepatic malignancies. Thus, data collection from larger cohorts is critical to determine the relationship possibility.
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18
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Wu D, Hu S, Chen G, Chen L, Liu J, Chen W, Lv Y, Chen X, Lin S, Wu F. Association of hepatitis C infection and risk of kidney cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Viral Hepat 2021; 28:226-235. [PMID: 33141502 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although some epidemiological studies have investigated the association between Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the development of kidney cancer, the results are far from consistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to determine the association. PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane database were searched from 1 January 1975 to 7 January 2020. Study selection, data extraction and bias assessment (using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale) were performed independently by 2 authors. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. In all, 16 studies (11 cohort studies and 5 case-control studies) involving a total of 391,071 HCV patients and 38,333,839 non-HCV controls were included. The overall analysis showed a 47% higher risk to develop kidney cancer among the patients with HCV infection (pooled OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.14-1.91), despite significant heterogeneity (I2 = 87.6%). The multivariable meta-regression showed that study design, age, sample size and HIV co-infection were significant sources of variance, and totally accounted for 82% of the I2 . The risk of KC in HCV patients was further increased in studies without HCV/HBV- and HCV/HIV- co-infection (pooled OR 1.66; 95%CI 1.23-2.24). Multiple sensitivity analyses did not change the significant association. The present meta-analysis indicated that HCV-infected patients have a significantly higher risk of developing kidney cancer. Our results highlighted the rationale for improved renal surveillance in HCV patients for the early diagnosis of kidney cancer. Further investigations for the mechanisms underlying HCV-induced kidney cancer are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiping Hu
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guozi Chen
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Longjiao Chen
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenlin Chen
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Youwen Lv
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoni Chen
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fenfang Wu
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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19
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Su FH, Bai CH, Le TN, Muo CH, Chang SN, Te A, Sung FC, Yeh CC. Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Are at an Increased Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Case-Control Study in Taiwan. Front Oncol 2021; 10:561420. [PMID: 33489873 PMCID: PMC7819899 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.561420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Studies evaluating colorectal cancer (CRC) risk associated with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are limited. Methods In this case-control study, we identify 67,670 CRC cases newly diagnosed from 2005 to 2011 and randomly selected 67,670 controls without HCV and CRC from the same database, frequency matched by age and sex of cases. Results Results of logistic regression analysis revealed that the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of CRC was 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08–1.24, p < 0.001) in association with chronic HCV. The CRC risk was slightly greater for women than for men. The risk decreased with age, with the aOR decreased from 2.26 (95% CI = 1.32–3.87, p = 0.003) in patients under 45 years old to 1.31 (95% CI = 1.10–1.55, p = 0.03) in patients aged 50–59, and 1.10 (95% CI = 1.00–1.22, p = 0.061) in patients aged over 70. Conclusions Our findings suggested that patients with chronic HCV infection are at an elevated risk of developing CRC. Our data also imply that the CRC prevention programs are needed to target younger HCV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Hsiung Su
- Department of Family Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Huey Bai
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thi Nga Le
- International Master/PhD Program, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Muo
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ni Chang
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Arlene Te
- Department of Family Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Chang Sung
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health Services Administration, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Yeh
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Master Program in Applied Molecular Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Abutaleb A, Almario JA, Alghsoon S, Yoon JA, Gheysens K, Kottilil S, Wilson E. Higher Levels of Fibrosis in a Cohort of Veterans with Chronic Viral Hepatitis are Associated with Extrahepatic Cancers. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2021; 11:195-200. [PMID: 33746444 PMCID: PMC7953003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS An estimated 2.4 million Americans, including more than 150,000 veterans, are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV is estimated to cause roughly 25% of all hepatocellular carcinoma. Although its mechanism is unknown, developing evidence suggests that chronic HCV infection is also associated with the development of extrahepatic cancers (EHCs). This paper aims to assess the relationship of hepatic fibrosis and chronic HCV with the risk of developing EHC. METHODS We conducted a single-center retrospective chart review of 1541 patients linked to the hepatitis clinic at the Veterans Affairs (VA) Maryland Health Care System who underwent transient elastography for evaluation and management of liver disease from 2014 to 2018. Liver fibrosis was measured using ultrasound and transient elastography. Extrahepatic cancer and site was identified by a retrospective chart review. RESULTS In adjusted analysis of EHCs, advanced age (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.30-3.04), and higher measured stiffness (OR 2.19, 95% CI: 1.32-3.64) were associated with an increased likelihood of developing EHC, controlling for HBV infection, HCV exposure, heavy alcohol use, and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS We observed a significant association between increasing age and increasing levels of liver fibrosis with increased risk of EHC, notably prostate, head and neck squamous cell, lung, and hematologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Abutaleb
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Saleh Alghsoon
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, USA
| | - Ji Ae Yoon
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Kate Gheysens
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, USA
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Eleanor Wilson
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA,Address for correspondence: Eleanor Wilson, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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21
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Wang S, Guo XZ, Xu SX, Qi XS. Risk and treatment of non-hepatic cancers in patients with cirrhosis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2020; 28:655-659. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v28.i15.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with cirrhosis are at a high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, it remains controversial about whether or not there is a high risk for non-hepatic cancers in patients with liver cirrhosis. Additionally, the management of non-hepatic cancers in cirrhotic patients is a clinical challenge, because the use of surgery and anticancer drugs is often compromised by the presence of liver dysfunction. This editorial aims to briefly summarize the findings on the risk and management of non-hepatic cancers in patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China,Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shi-Xue Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China,Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xing-Shun Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, Liaoning Province, China
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22
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Borsetto D, Fussey J, Fabris L, Bandolin L, Gaudioso P, Phillips V, Polesel J, Boscolo-Rizzo P. HCV infection and the risk of head and neck cancer: A meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2020; 109:104869. [PMID: 32599500 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has consistently suggested a role for HCV in the etiology of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but the conclusions of these studies have often been limited by small sample size. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to summarize present evidence on the association between HCV infection and HNSCC. After screening citations from literature search, eight observational studies investigating the association between HCV and cancer(s) of either oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx or larynx were included. For each cancer site, risk ratios from individual studies were displayed in forest plots; pooled risk ratios (RR) and corresponding confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. A significant association was found between HCV infection and cancers of the oral cavity (RR = 2.13; 95%: 1.61-2.83), oropharynx (RR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.21-2.72), and larynx (RR = 2.57; 95% CI: 1.11-5.94). A similar picture emerged for hypopharyngeal cancer, though this result did not fully reach statistical significance because of the small number of available studies (RR = 2.15; 95% CI: 0.73-6.31). These findings remained similar after exclusion of patients with HIV co-infection. Our results highlighted the importance of surveillance of the upper aerodigestive tract in patients with known chronic HCV infections in order to enable HNSCC early diagnosis. In addition, they could be a reminder of the possibility of undiagnosed HCV infection to the clinicians treating HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Borsetto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Fussey
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Liver Center and Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Luigia Bandolin
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Gaudioso
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy
| | | | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy.
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23
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Zhang W, Xiao F, Li J, Guo X, Lin Z, Huang Z, Mao N, Sun B, Wang G. Rare heterochronous liver and pancreatic multiple primary cancers: a case report and literature review. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2020; 58:1094-1098. [PMID: 32380555 DOI: 10.1055/a-1160-6082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, with the continuous improvement of medical diagnostic techniques, the incidence of multiple primary carcinoma (MPC) has increased gradually. Elderly patients are at high risk of MPC. However, the risk of developing a second primary malignancy is 1 % for primary liver malignancy 1. The risk of pancreatic cancers as secondary malignancies with primary liver malignancy is very rare. Here, we report a rare case of heterochronous liver and pancreatic MPCs and review the related literature. We report this case to raise the clinician's attention to the disease because the long-term survival rate can be effectively improved by timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. For patients with HCV-positive primary cancers, active antiviral therapy should be simultaneously provided with antitumor therapy, thereby effectively reducing the incidence of MPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangjun Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhitao Lin
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zijian Huang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Mao
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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24
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Parkin DM, Hämmerl L, Ferlay J, Kantelhardt EJ. Cancer in Africa 2018: The role of infections. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:2089-2103. [PMID: 31254479 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We estimate the fractions of cancer attributed to infections in Africa in 2018. The number of new cancer cases occurring was taken from Globocan2018 with some additional estimations based on data from African population-based registries. Population attributable fractions were calculated using prevalence of infection and relative risk in exposed vs. nonexposed. The greatest share of infection-associated cancers is due to the human papillomaviruses (12.1% of all cancers in Africa and 15.4% in sub-Saharan Africa [SSA]); of these, cervical cancer is by far the most common. Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is responsible for 3.1% of all cancers in Africa, the hepatitis viruses (B and C) for 2.9% and Helicobacter pylori for 2.7% (non-Cardia Gastric cancer and primary gastric lymphomas). Two percent of cancers are attributable to the Epstein-Barr virus, Schistosoma haematobium increases the risk of bladder cancer resulting in 1.0% of all cancers. HIV-related NHL and squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva account for 0.6% of cancers. Altogether 24.5% of cancers in Africa and 28.7% in SSA are due to infectious agents. Infections are by far the most common cancer risk factor for cancer in Africa-the traditional risk factors (smoking, alcohol and unhealthy diet) probably cause only one in eight cancers in Africa. Prevention should focus on those infectious diseases preventable through vaccination (HPV and hepatitis B) which could reduce two-thirds of the burden. Helicobacter pylori and schistosomiasis are treatable with antibiotics and praziquantel, with a potential reduction of one in eight infection-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald M Parkin
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- African Cancer Registry Network, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Hämmerl
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jacques Ferlay
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Eva J Kantelhardt
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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25
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Hepatitis C virus infection and risk of pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 65:101691. [PMID: 32088651 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence has suggested an association between Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and risk of pancreatic cancer (PAC). Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis of available evidence to explore this association. METHODS We systematically retrieved studies that investigated the association between HCV infection and risk of PAC. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95 % confidence interval (CI) of PAC for patients with HCV infection was calculated using the fixed- or random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 16 studies (8 cohort and 8 case-control) were included in this meta-analysis. Combined, patients with HCV infection were more likely to develop PAC than people without it (pooled OR = 1.51, 95 % CI: 1.31, 1.74; I2 = 63.49 %, p-value for heterogeneity< 0.001). Studies that adjusted their results for diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, alcohol intake, and smoking showed lower ORs than studies that did not adjust for them. CONCLUSION HCV infection was associated with increased risk of PAC, but this association was attenuated among studies that adjusted their results for potential risk factors for PAC. Future prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm this association.
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26
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Su TH, Tseng TC, Liu CJ, Chou SW, Liu CH, Yang HC, Chen PJ, Chen DS, Chen CL, Kao JH. Antiviral therapy against chronic hepatitis C is associated with a reduced risk of oral cancer. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:901-908. [PMID: 31853972 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To identify the risk factors of oral cancer, we investigated the association between chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and oral cancer, and the development of oral cancer after anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy. We conducted a nationwide, population-based cohort study from 2004 to 2012 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. CHC patients without anti-HCV therapy were matched with those non-HCV patients by age, sex and comorbidities. Moreover, CHC patients who underwent pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PegIFN/RBV) anti-HCV therapy were matched with CHC patients without anti-HCV therapy. A total of 100,058 patients were included in the HCV cohort and non-HCV cohorts, respectively. Their mean age was 59 years and 50% of these were male. CHC infection significantly increased the cumulative incidence of lichen planus and oral cancer. After adjustment for confounders and competing mortality, CHC infection significantly increased the risk of oral cancer (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.677, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.392-2.020, p < 0.001). Another 23,735 CHC patients without anti-HCV therapy were matched with 23,735 CHC patients in the treatment cohort. After adjustment for confounders and competing for mortality, the risk of oral cancer was significantly reduced in CHC patients receiving anti-HCV therapy (HR: 0.652, 95% CI: 0.479-0.887, p = 0.007). To minimize the inclusion of pre-existing unidentified oral cancer, we excluded oral cancer developed within the first year of CHC or anti-HCV therapy and found these associations remained statistically significant. In conclusion, CHC significantly increases the risk of oral cancer. Moreover, PegIFN/RBV antiviral therapy significantly reduces the risk of HCV-related oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Hung Su
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chung Tseng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wan Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hua Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Shinn Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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27
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Donà S, Borsetto D, Fussey J, Biscaro V, Vian E, Spinato G, Menegaldo A, Da Mosto MC, Rigoli R, Polesel J, Boscolo-Rizzo P. Association between hepatitis C and B viruses and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Virol 2019; 121:104209. [PMID: 31711028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2019.104209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B and C viruses are known to be carcinogenic and have been associated with the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma as well as hepatocellular carcinoma. The incidence of head and neck cancer is increasing worldwide, and early diagnosis is vital in order to achieve good oncological outcomes. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between chronic hepatitis B and C infection, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). STUDY DESIGN We performed a retrospective case control study with 774 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients undergoing treatment, and 1518 cancer-free controls undergoing hernia surgery. Hepatitis B and C serologies were tested prior to treatment, and cases and controls were age- and sex-matched before analysing rates of infection. RESULTS HNSCC patients were more likely than controls to have evidence of chronic hepatitis B (OR = 2.76; CI 95 %, 1.64-4.64) and hepatitis C (OR = 2.59; 95 % CI, 1.46-4.60) infection. No substantial association was found between hepatitis B and C infection and other known risk factors for head and neck cancer. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a positive association between both hepatitis B and hepatitis C chronic infection, and HNSCC. More work is needed to establish a causal role, however an awareness of the possibility of increased risk of HNSCC may lead to earlier diagnosis and better outcomes in patients with hepatitis B and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Donà
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy
| | - Daniele Borsetto
- Cambridge ENT Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
| | - Jonathan Fussey
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Biscaro
- Department of Clinical Pathology, AULSS 2, Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Elisa Vian
- Department of Clinical Pathology, AULSS 2, Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Giacomo Spinato
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Section of Oncology and Immunology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Menegaldo
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Da Mosto
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy
| | - Roberto Rigoli
- Department of Clinical Pathology, AULSS 2, Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy.
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28
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Ferri C, Feld JJ, Bondin M, Cacoub P. Expert opinion on managing chronic HCV in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and other extrahepatic malignancies. Antivir Ther 2019; 23:23-33. [PMID: 30451149 DOI: 10.3851/imp3250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HCV is a carcinogen that is well established as a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. Evidence that HCV plays a role in the development of extrahepatic malignancies is less robust; however, epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated an association between HCV infection and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The strongest evidence for a link between HCV and tumourigenesis is the clear association between viral eradication, as indicated by achievement of sustained virological response, and remission of B-cell NHL. All-oral direct-acting antiviral-based therapies are effective in patients with HCV-associated NHL and well tolerated. For this reason, it is important that clinicians assess HCV-infected patients for HCV-associated extrahepatic malignancies so patients can receive timely diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan J Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Patrice Cacoub
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7211, and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 959, F-75013, Paris, France.,CNRS, FRE3632, F-75005, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, F-75013, Paris, France
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29
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Ioannou GN, Green PK, Berry K, Graf SA. Eradication of Hepatitis C Virus Is Associated With Reduction in Hematologic Malignancies: Major Differences Between Interferon and Direct-Acting Antivirals. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:1124-1136. [PMID: 31388632 PMCID: PMC6671776 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether eradication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) leads to a reduction in the risk of hematologic malignancies. We aimed to determine the impact of sustained virologic response (SVR) induced by either direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) or interferon (IFN) on the risk of hematologic malignancies. We identified 69,581 patients who initiated antiviral treatment in the Veterans Affairs national health care system from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2015, including 40,410 (58%) IFN‐only regimens, 4,546 (6.5%) DAA + IFN regimens, and 24,625 (35%) DAA‐only regimens. We retrospectively followed patients to identify incident cases of hematologic malignancies or monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS), a premalignant precursor of multiple myeloma. Among patients treated with IFN, SVR was significantly associated with a reduction in the risk of lymphoma (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51‐0.97), multiple myeloma (AHR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.20‐0.77), MGUS (AHR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.42‐0.99), or all hematologic malignancies and MGUS combined (AHR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.53‐0.84) over a mean follow‐up of 10.6 years. In contrast, among patients treated with DAA, SVR was not associated with the risk of lymphoma, multiple myeloma, MGUS, or all hematologic malignancies and MGUS combined (AHR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.66‐1.78) during a mean follow‐up of 2.9 years. Neither IFN‐induced SVR nor DAA‐induced SVR was associated with risk of colon cancer or prostate cancer, which were chosen a priori as comparison/control malignancies. Conclusion: We describe novel strong associations between IFN‐induced SVR and lymphoma, multiple myeloma, MGUS, and all hematologic malignancies combined. Surprisingly, these associations were not observed with DAA‐induced SVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N Ioannou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington Seattle WA.,Research and Development Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle WA
| | - Pamela K Green
- Research and Development Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle WA
| | - Kristin Berry
- Research and Development Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle WA
| | - Solomon A Graf
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington Seattle WA.,Clinical Research Division Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center Seattle WA
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30
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Pollicino T, Musolino C, Saitta C, Tripodi G, Lanza M, Raffa G, Tocco FCD, Raggi C, Bragazzi MC, Barbera A, Navarra G, Invernizzi P, Alvaro D, Raimondo G. Free episomal and integrated HBV DNA in HBsAg-negative patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2019; 10:3931-3938. [PMID: 31231470 PMCID: PMC6570464 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with an increased risk of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) development, and it has been hypothesized an etiological role of HBV in the development of this tumor. Very little is known about occult HBV infection (OBI) in ICC. Aims of the study were to investigate the OBI prevalence and to characterize the HBV molecular status at intrahepatic level in OBI-positive cases with ICC. Frozen liver tumor specimens from 47 HBV surface-antigen-negative patients with ICC and 41 paired non-tumor liver tissues were tested for OBI by 4 different HBV-specific nested PCR. Covalently closed circular HBV DNA (HBV cccDNA) and viral integrations were investigated in OBI-positive cases. HBV DNA was detected in tumor and/or non-tumor specimens from 29/47 (61.7%) ICC patients. HBV cccDNA was found in tissues from 5/17 (34.5%) cases examined. HBV integration was detected in 4/10 (40%) tumor tissues tested and involved HBx and HBV-core gene sequences in 3 and 1 cases, respectively. Viral integration occurred: (a) 9,367 nucleotides upstream of the cat-eye-syndrome critical region protein-5-isoform coding sequence; (b) within the cystinosin isoform-1-precursor gene; (c) within the thromboxane-A-synthase-1 gene; (d) within the ATPase phospholipid transporting 9B gene. Occult HBV infection is highly prevalent in patients with ICC. Both free viral genomes and integrated HBV DNA can be present in these cases. These results suggest an involvement of HBV in the carcinogenic process leading to ICC development even in cases with occult infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Pollicino
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital of Messina, Italy.,Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Musolino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Carlo Saitta
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital of Messina, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tripodi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Lanza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Raffa
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital of Messina, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Raggi
- Humanitas Research and Clinical Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Present address: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | | | - Adalberto Barbera
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Italy.,Division of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital of Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Navarra
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Italy.,Division of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital of Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Humanitas Research and Clinical Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Present address: Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Raimondo
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital of Messina, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
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31
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Lledó G, Benítez-Gutiérrez L, Arias A, Requena S, Cuervas-Mons V, de Mendoza C. Benefits of hepatitis C cure with antivirals: why test and treat? Future Microbiol 2019; 14:425-435. [PMID: 30900911 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the major causes of death worldwide due to infectious agents. The advent of direct-acting antivirals has dramatically improved the chance of HCV elimination, even for patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Along with HCV cure, benefits are recognized in terms of regression of liver fibrosis and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, beyond hepatic outcomes, several extrahepatic benefits may result from sustained HCV eradication, including improvements in the neurocognitive function and reduced cardiovascular disease risk. Finally, there is no doubt that the individual success of direct-acting antivirals is largely contributing to halt HCV transmission globally, in the absence of an effective HCV prophylactic vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Lledó
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Arias
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Requena
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,Internal Medicine Laboratory, Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentín Cuervas-Mons
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,Internal Medicine Laboratory, Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Autónoma, Madrid. Spain
| | - Carmen de Mendoza
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,Internal Medicine Laboratory, Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Madrid, Spain.,San Pablo-CEU University, Madrid. Spain
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32
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Couronné L, Bachy E, Roulland S, Nadel B, Davi F, Armand M, Canioni D, Michot JM, Visco C, Arcaini L, Besson C, Hermine O. From hepatitis C virus infection to B-cell lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:92-100. [PMID: 29045541 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to liver disorders, hepatitis C virus (HCV) is also associated with extrahepatic immune manifestations and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), especially marginal zone lymphoma, de novo or transformed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and to a lesser extent, follicular lymphoma. Epidemiological data and clinical observations argue for an association between HCV and lymphoproliferative disorders. The causative role of HCV in NHL has been further supported by the response to antiviral therapy. Pathophysiological processes at stake leading from HCV infection to overt lymphoma still need to be further elucidated. Based on reported biological studies, several mechanisms of transformation seem however to emerge. A strong body of evidence supports the hypothesis of an indirect transformation mechanism by which sustained antigenic stimulation leads from oligoclonal to monoclonal expansion and sometimes to frank lymphoma, mostly of marginal zone subtype. By infecting lymphocytes, HCV could play a direct role in cellular transformation, particularly in de novo large B-cell lymphoma. Finally, HCV is associated with follicular lymphoma in a subset of patients. In this setting, it may be hypothesized that inflammatory cytokines stimulate proliferation and transformation of IgH-BCL2 clones that are increased during chronic HCV infection. Unraveling the pathogenesis of HCV-related B-cell lymphoproliferation is of prime importance to optimize therapeutic strategies, especially with the recent development of new direct-acting antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Couronné
- Department of Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Necker Hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - E Bachy
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France.,Department of Hematology, Lyon Sud Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - S Roulland
- Center of Immunology of Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - B Nadel
- Center of Immunology of Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - F Davi
- INSERM U1104, Marseille, France.,CNRS UMR 7280, Marseille, France.,Department of Hematology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - M Armand
- INSERM U1104, Marseille, France.,CNRS UMR 7280, Marseille, France.,Department of Hematology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - D Canioni
- Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - J M Michot
- Department of Hematology and Drug Development, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif; France
| | - C Visco
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - L Arcaini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Departement of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Besson
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of Versailles, Le Chesnay, France.,University of Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Paris-Saclay University, Communauté Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.,INSERM U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - O Hermine
- Department of Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Necker Hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
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33
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Billa O, Chalouni M, Salmon D, Poizot-Martin I, Gilbert C, Katlama C, Neau D, Chas J, Morlat P, Lacombe K, Naqvi A, Barange K, Gervais A, Bouchaud O, Rosenthal E, Lascoux-Combe C, Garipuy D, Alric L, Dominguez S, Vittecoq D, Goujard C, Duvivier C, Aumaitre H, Miailhes P, Zucman D, Simon A, Lazaro E, Raffi F, Esterle L, Wittkop L, Bani-Sadr F. Factors associated with non-AIDS-defining cancers and non HCV-liver related cancers in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients- ANRS-CO13 HEPAVIH cohort. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208657. [PMID: 30562358 PMCID: PMC6298669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to the general population, HIV-infected patients are at higher risk of developing non-AIDS-defining cancers. Chronic HCV infection has also been associated with a higher risk than that of the general population of developing cancers other than hepatocarcinoma. Evaluation of the impact of HCV-related factors on non-AIDS-defining and non HCV-liver (NANL) related cancers among HIV/HCV co-infected patients are scarce. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of HIV/HCV clinical characteristics on NANL related cancers in a large cohort of HIV/HCV-coinfected patients followed from 2005 to 2017. Cox proportional hazards models with delayed entry were used to estimate factors associated with NANL related cancer. Among 1391 patients followed for a median of 5 years, 60 patients developed NANL related cancers, yielding an incidence rate of 8.9 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, [6.6–11.1]). By final multivariable analysis, after adjustment for sex, tobacco or alcohol consumption, baseline CD4 cell count and HCV sustained viral response (SVR), age and a longer duration since HIV diagnosis were independently associated with a higher risk of NANL related cancer (aHR for each additional year 1.10, 95% CI 1.06–1.14, p<0.0001 and 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.11, p = 0.02, respectively). Duration of HCV infection, cirrhosis, HCV viral load, genotype and SVR were not associated with the occurrence of NANL related cancer. Among HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, age and the duration of HIV infection were the only characteristics found to be associated with the occurrence of NANL related cancer. In contrast, no association was observed with any HCV-related variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumar Billa
- Univ Bordeaux, ISPED, Inserm Bordeaux Population Health, team MORPH3EUS, UMR 1219, CIC-EC 1401, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathieu Chalouni
- Univ Bordeaux, ISPED, Inserm Bordeaux Population Health, team MORPH3EUS, UMR 1219, CIC-EC 1401, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dominique Salmon
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Unité Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales- Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Poizot-Martin
- Aix Marseille Université, APHM Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Service d’Immuno-hématologie clinique, Marseille, France
- INSERM, U912 (SESSTIM)- Marseille, France
| | - Camille Gilbert
- Univ Bordeaux, ISPED, Inserm Bordeaux Population Health, team MORPH3EUS, UMR 1219, CIC-EC 1401, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christine Katlama
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, Service Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Paris, France
- Institut Pierre Louis Epidémiologie et Santé Publique UPMC, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Didier Neau
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Service Maladies infectieuses et tropicales Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Chas
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Service Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Morlat
- Univ Bordeaux, ISPED, Inserm Bordeaux Population Health, team MORPH3EUS, UMR 1219, CIC-EC 1401, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Service de médecine interne, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux, France
| | - Karine Lacombe
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Paris, France
- UMR S1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Alissa Naqvi
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Service d’Infectiologie, Hôpital Archet 1, Nice, France
| | - Karl Barange
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Service Gastro-entérologie et hépatologie, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Gervais
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Bouchaud
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Avicenne, Service Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Bobigny, France
- Université Paris 13 Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Eric Rosenthal
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Service de Médecine Interne et Cancérologie, Hôpital l’Archet, Nice, France
- Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Caroline Lascoux-Combe
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Garipuy
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Services des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Services de Médecine interne-Pole Digestif, Toulouse, France
- UMR 152, IRD, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Dominguez
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Service Immunologie clinique et maladies infectieuses, Immunologie clinique, Créteil, France
| | - Daniel Vittecoq
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Hôpitaux universitaires Paris Sud, Service Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Hôpitaux universitaires Paris Sud, Service Médecine interne et Immunologie clinique, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Cécile Goujard
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Hôpitaux universitaires Paris Sud, Service Médecine interne et Immunologie clinique, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Claudine Duvivier
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Centre d’Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, IHU Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Hugues Aumaitre
- Centre Hospitalier de Perpignan, Service Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Perpignan, France
| | - Patrick Miailhes
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Lyon, France
| | | | - Anne Simon
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Estibaliz Lazaro
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, hôpital Haut-Lévèque, Service de Médecine interne et Maladies Infectieuses, Pessac, France
| | - François Raffi
- CHU de Nantes, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, CIC 1413, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Laure Esterle
- Univ Bordeaux, ISPED, Inserm Bordeaux Population Health, team MORPH3EUS, UMR 1219, CIC-EC 1401, Bordeaux, France
| | - Linda Wittkop
- Univ Bordeaux, ISPED, Inserm Bordeaux Population Health, team MORPH3EUS, UMR 1219, CIC-EC 1401, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé publique, Service d’information médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Firouzé Bani-Sadr
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
- Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA-4684 / SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France
- * E-mail:
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Samoylov AS, Bushmanov AY, Udalov YD, Galstyan IA, Nugis VY, Kozlova MG, Nikitina VA, Khvostunov IK, Golub EV. ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA, PROSTATE AND SKIN CANCER IN ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME SURVIVOR AFTER THE 1986 CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR ACCIDENT: CASE REPORT. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2018; 182:85-89. [PMID: 30137627 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of hemoblastosis is often associated with the influence of various genotoxic unfavorable factors, in particular, with the effect of ionizing radiation. This article presents a case report of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in a patient who was involved in the 1986 accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant and suffered an acute radiation syndrome of degree II severity. Based on clinical and cytogenetic dosimetry, the average absorbed radiation dose to the whole body was estimated to be 4.3 Gy. During long-term clinical follow-up (27 years), moderate transient instability of hematological parameters was observed: lymphocytosis, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, which was associated with chronic viral hepatitis C. Further cytogenetic investigations demonstrated a very high frequency of translocations, up to 50 times background values, that persisted over 3 decades. In 2014, the patient was diagnosed and operated on for prostate cancer and received a course of radiotherapy (total fractionated local dose of 35 Gy) in May 2015. From December 2015 through April 2016, the patient experienced general weakness and developed progressive cytopenia. A diagnosis of AML, resulting from a myelodysplastic syndrome, was confirmed by abnormal complex clones detected in 38% of metaphases by the mFISH-method, along with other chromosomal rearrangements. The patient underwent several chemotherapy treatments for AML but eventually died of bilateral pneumonia in March 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Samoylov
- Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yu Bushmanov
- Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu D Udalov
- Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Galstyan
- Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Yu Nugis
- Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - M G Kozlova
- Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Nikitina
- Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - I K Khvostunov
- National Medical Radiological Research Center, Obninsk, Russia
| | - E V Golub
- National Medical Radiological Research Center, Obninsk, Russia
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Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and its impact on the prognosis of head and neck cancer patients. Oral Oncol 2018; 87:138-143. [PMID: 30527229 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies have shown a higher prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) compared to the general population. In Brazil, the prevalence of HCV infection is considered low (1.38%). The aim of this study was to determine HCV prevalence and how this can modify outcomes of patients with HNC. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort. METHODS Patients with a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm in the head and neck (HN) region and who had serology performed for HCV were included. Patients were classified into two groups: head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and other head and neck malignant neoplasms (OHNMN). Descriptive statistics were performed for all variables of interest. Means were compared using ANOVA and proportions using chi-square tests. Survival data were compared by Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test. RESULTS Global HCV prevalence in patients with HNC was 7.8%, reaching 12.8% in HNSCC and 3.4% in OHNMN (p = 0.003). There was a higher risk of developing a second primary neoplasm in HNSCC compared to OHNMN patients (20.6% versus 4.6%; p = 0.001). The mean survival was not different between HCV-positive and HCV-negative patients (6.0 years versus 6.6 years, respectively, p = 0.516). CONCLUSION The prevalence of HCV infection was higher in HNC patients compared to the general Brazilian population. It seems reasonable to consider that HCV infection is associated with an increased risk of HNC, but HCV infection does not worsens the prognosis of HNC patients.
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Allaire M, Nahon P, Layese R, Bourcier V, Cagnot C, Marcellin P, Guyader D, Pol S, Larrey D, De Lédinghen V, Ouzan D, Zoulim F, Roulot D, Tran A, Bronowicki JP, Zarski JP, Riachi G, Calès P, Péron JM, Alric L, Bourlière M, Mathurin P, Blanc JF, Abergel A, Serfaty L, Mallat A, Grangé JD, Attali P, Bacq Y, Wartelle C, Dao T, Thabut D, Pilette C, Silvain C, Christidis C, Nguyen-Khac E, Bernard-Chabert B, Zucman D, DI Martino V, Sutton A, Letouzé E, Audureau E, Roudot-Thoraval F. Extrahepatic cancers are the leading cause of death in patients achieving hepatitis B virus control or hepatitis C virus eradication. Hepatology 2018; 68:1245-1259. [PMID: 29663511 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Data on extrahepatic cancers (EHCs) in compensated viral cirrhosis are limited. The objective of the prospective multicenter Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA et les Hépatites virales CO12 CirVir cohort was to assess the occurrence of all clinical events in patients with compensated viral cirrhosis, including all types of cancer. Patients with the following inclusion criteria were enrolled in 35 French centers: (1) biopsy-proven hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis, (2) Child-Pugh A, or (3) absence of previous liver complications including primary liver cancer (PLC). Patients were followed up prospectively every 6 months. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated according to age and gender using 5-year periods. The impact of sustained viral response (SVR) in HCV patients and maintained viral suppression in HBV patients were assessed using time-dependent analysis. A total of 1,671 patients were enrolled between 2006 and 2012 (median age, 54.9 years; men, 67.3%; HCV, 1,323; HBV, 317; HCV-HBV, 31). Metabolic features and excessive alcohol and tobacco consumption were recorded in 15.2%, 36.4%, and 56.4% of cases, respectively. After a median follow-up of 59.7 months, 227 PLCs were diagnosed (5-year cumulative incidence [CumI] 13.4%) and 93 patients developed EHC (14 patients with lymphoid or related tissue cancer and 79 with solid tissue cancer; 5-year EHC CumI, 5.9%). Compared to the general French population, patients were younger at cancer diagnosis, with significantly higher risk of EHC in HCV patients (SMR, 1.31; 95 confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.64; P = 0.017) and after SVR (SMR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.08-2.22; P = 0.013). EHC was the fourth leading cause of death in the whole cohort and the first in patients with viral control/eradication. CONCLUSION Compared to the general French population, HCV cirrhosis is associated with a higher risk of EHC and the first cause of death in patients with viral cirrhosis who achieve virological control/eradication. (Hepatology 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Allaire
- Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie et Nutrition, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France.,Inserm UMR 1149, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Nahon
- Service d'Hépatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France.,Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Inserm UNR-1162, Paris, France
| | - Richard Layese
- Service de Santé Publique and Unité de Recherche Clinique (URC-Mondor), AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor; A-TVB DHU, CEpiA (Clinical Epidemiology and Aging), UPEC, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Valérie Bourcier
- Service d'Hépatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France
| | - Carole Cagnot
- ANRS (France Recherche Nord & sud Sida-hiv Hépatites), Paris, France
| | | | - Dominique Guyader
- Service d'Hépatologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - Stanislas Pol
- Service d'Hépatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France.,Inserm MS20 et U1223, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Larrey
- Service d'Hépatologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France.,Liver and Gastroenterology, Department-IRB-INSERM-1183, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Denis Ouzan
- Service d'Hépatologie, Institut Arnaud Tzanck, Saint Laurent du Var, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Service d'Hépatologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Albert Tran
- Service d'Hépatologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France.,Hepatic Complications in Obesity, Inserm U1065, C3M, Team 8, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bronowicki
- Service d'Hépatologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Zarski
- Service d'Hépatologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Michallon, Grenoble, France
| | - Ghassan Riachi
- Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Charles-Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Paul Calès
- Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France.,Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES 3859, SFR ICAT 4208, UFR Santé, Université d'Angers, UBL, Angers, France
| | - Jean-Marie Péron
- Service d'Hépatologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Bourlière
- Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Saint Joseph, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Mathurin
- Service d'Hépatologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Claude Huriez, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Frédéric Blanc
- Service d'Hépatologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Saint André, Bordeaux, France
| | - Armand Abergel
- Service d'Hépatologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Hôtel Dieu, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lawrence Serfaty
- Service d'Hépatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Ariane Mallat
- Service d'Hépatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, University Paris-Est, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Créteil, France
| | | | - Pierre Attali
- Service d'Hépatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Yannick Bacq
- Service d'Hépatologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Trousseau, Tours, France
| | - Claire Wartelle
- Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-En-Provence, France
| | - Thông Dao
- Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie et Nutrition, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Dominique Thabut
- Service d'Hépatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital La Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Christine Silvain
- Service d'Hépatologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Eric Nguyen-Khac
- Service d'Hépatologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Amiens, Amiens, France
| | | | - David Zucman
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - Vincent DI Martino
- Service d'Hépatologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France
| | - Angela Sutton
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques, Groupe Hospitalier Paris, Seine-Saint-Denis, France.,Service de Biochimie, AP-HP, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France.,Inserm U1148, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - Eric Letouzé
- Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Inserm UNR-1162, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Audureau
- Service de Santé Publique and Unité de Recherche Clinique (URC-Mondor), AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor; A-TVB DHU, CEpiA (Clinical Epidemiology and Aging), UPEC, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Françoise Roudot-Thoraval
- Service de Santé Publique and Unité de Recherche Clinique (URC-Mondor), AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor; A-TVB DHU, CEpiA (Clinical Epidemiology and Aging), UPEC, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
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Fiorino S, Di Saverio S, Leandri P, Tura A, Birtolo C, Silingardi M, de Biase D, Avisar E. The role of matricellular proteins and tissue stiffness in breast cancer: a systematic review. Future Oncol 2018; 14:1601-1627. [PMID: 29939077 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignancies consist not only of cancerous and nonmalignant cells, but also of additional elements, as extracellular matrix. The aim of this review is to summarize meta-analyses, describing breast tissue stiffness and risk of breast carcinoma (BC) assessing the potential relationship between matricellular proteins (MPs) and survival. A systematic computer-based search of published articles, according to PRISMA statement, was conducted through Ovid interface. Mammographic density and tissue stiffness are associated with the risk of BC development, suggesting that MPs may influence BC prognosis. No definitive conclusions are available and additional researches are required to definitively clarify the role of each MP, mammographic density and stiffness in BC development and the mechanisms involved in the onset of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirio Fiorino
- Internal Medicine 'C' Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Local Health Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salomone Di Saverio
- Cambridge Colorectal Unit, Box 201, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Paolo Leandri
- Internal Medicine 'C' Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Local Health Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Tura
- Metabolic Unit, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Birtolo
- Geriatric Unit, Azienda USL-Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Silingardi
- Internal Medicine 'A' Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Local Health Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, Molecular Pathology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eli Avisar
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Abstract
Infectious agents, such as HCV, account for ∼15% of human cancers. HCV infects not only hepatocytes but also extrahepatic cells. Chronic HCV infection can induce chronic inflammation with qualitative and quantitative alterations of the immune repertoire and tissue microenvironment, which could induce various neoplasias. Epidemiological studies and meta-analyses suggest an increased rate of extrahepatic cancers in patients with chronic HCV infection along with a higher risk of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), highlighting the need to screen for HCV infection in patients with these cancers. Development of B cell NHL has been associated with HCV infection, with a relative risk of ∼1.5. Direct transformation related to the presence of the virus and chronic antigenic stimulation are the two major non-exclusive mechanisms involved in HCV-related lymphomagenesis. HCV infection alters survival of patients with lymphoma, and sustained virologic response (SVR) substantially improves prognosis. Antiviral treatments might induce remission of indolent lymphoma when SVR is achieved even without chemotherapy, emphasizing the role of HCV in lymphomagenesis in this context. However, studies are needed to provide prospective evidence of a causal relationship between chronic HCV infection and other extrahepatic cancers and to determine whether the risk of extrahepatic cancers is reduced with SVR. In this Review, we report on recent studies analysing the risk of extrahepatic cancers associated with chronic HCV infection. Although there is no doubt regarding the direct and indirect causality between HCV and NHL, an increased risk of other cancers is less clear, with the exception of cholangiocarcinoma.
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The Role of miRNAs in Virus-Mediated Oncogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041217. [PMID: 29673190 PMCID: PMC5979478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, viruses are reported to be responsible for more than 15% of all tumors worldwide. The oncogenesis could be influenced directly by the activity of viral oncoproteins or by the chronic infection or inflammation. The group of human oncoviruses includes Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) or polyomaviruses, and transregulating retroviruses such as HIV or HTLV-1. Most of these viruses express short noncoding RNAs called miRNAs to regulate their own gene expression or to influence host gene expression and thus contribute to the carcinogenic processes. In this review, we will focus on oncogenic viruses and summarize the role of both types of miRNAs, viral as well as host’s, in the oncogenesis.
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Is There a Relationship Between Treatment With Direct Antiviral Agents for HCV Infection and the Development of Malignancies? J Clin Gastroenterol 2018; 52:353-359. [PMID: 28590324 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Direct antiviral agents (DAAs) have become the treatment of choice for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. As these drugs are new, it is important to learn the adverse events of these drugs in the short and long terms. We report on 7 patients who developed malignancies during treatment with DAAs or a short time after finishing treatment. METHODS We treated 133 patients with DAAs in our unit between January 2015 and June 2016, 100 (75%) of whom were treated with the combination of paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir with/without dasabuvir (PrOD). The distribution of HCV genotypes was as follow: G1b 114 (85.7%), G1a 3 (2.2%), G2 3 (2.2%), G3 10 (7.5%), G4 2 (1.5%). One hundred ten (82.7%) patients finished treatment. Adverse events were recorded during treatment and after finishing treatment. Efficacy was determined by assessment of serum HCV RNA. RESULTS We observed malignancies in 7 patients: 1 developed laryngeal carcinoma, 1 developed pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 1 developed oropharyngeal lymphoma, 1 developed recurrent aggressive transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, 1 developed recurrent aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma, and 2 patients developed de novo hepatocellular carcinoma. All of these patients had advanced liver disease. CONCLUSIONS This report raises questions about DAAs and the possible development of malignancies. It will be important to look at large clinical trial data and real-world experience to determine if this relationship is real.
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HCV nonstructural protein 4 is associated with aggressiveness features of breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2017; 25:297-302. [PMID: 29285674 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-017-0829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has the lymphotropic feature that is supposed to be the reason of related extrahepatic manifestation. HCV viral oncoproteins may participate in the regulation of some gene expression that has been implicated in tumorigenesis. Our aim is to evaluate the HCV-NS4 circulating levels in breast cancer (BC) and to investigate its relation with BC tumor aggressiveness. METHODS This study was performed among 158 Egyptian women (120 with BC and 38 with benign breast diseases). ELISA was used for detection of anti-HCV antibodies, HCV-NS4, fibronectin, and CA 15-3. RESULTS No association between HCV detection in this group of BC patients (27.5% in BC vs. 23.7% in breast benign diseases, P = 0.687). Among HCV-infected patients, the mean HCV-NS4 serum level in BC was significantly higher than benign group (61.7 μg/mL vs. 33.9 μg/mL, P = 0.0005). Fibronectin levels were higher (P = 0.014) in patients infected with HCV than noninfected BC patients. Elevated HCV-NS4 levels were associated with tumor severity features like large size, late stages, high grades, and infiltrated lymph nodes. The elevated levels of HCV-NS4 (> 40 μg/mL) yielded an estimated odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of 2.5 (0.98-6.36), 1.2 (0.44-3.33), 1.9 (0.53-7.00), and 2.5 (0.87-7.33) for developing large size, late stages, high grades, and infiltrated lymph nodes, respectively. Interestingly, HCV-NS4 levels significantly correlated with other BC tumor marker like CA15-3 (r = 0.535; P = 0.0009) and fibronectin (r = 0.432; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS HCV-NS4 appears to be associated with BC progression features. Oncologists treating such BC patients should consider HCV screening to enable the early identification and to prevent progression of the disease.
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Viral Oncology: Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6120111. [PMID: 29186062 PMCID: PMC5742800 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6120111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncoviruses are implicated in approximately 12% of all human cancers. A large number of the world's population harbors at least one of these oncoviruses, but only a small proportion of these individuals go on to develop cancer. The interplay between host and viral factors is a complex process that works together to create a microenvironment conducive to oncogenesis. In this review, the molecular biology and oncogenic pathways of established human oncoviruses will be discussed. Currently, there are seven recognized human oncoviruses, which include Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV), Human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1), Human Herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), and Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV). Available and emerging therapies for these oncoviruses will be mentioned.
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Torres HA, Shigle TL, Hammoudi N, Link JT, Samaniego F, Kaseb A, Mallet V. The oncologic burden of hepatitis C virus infection: A clinical perspective. CA Cancer J Clin 2017; 67:411-431. [PMID: 28683174 PMCID: PMC5591069 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects millions of people worldwide and is associated with cancer. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have changed HCV treatment paradigms, but little is known about the management of HCV infection in patients with cancer. The substantial burden of HCV infection and the inconclusive evidence regarding its detection and management in patients with cancer prompted the authors to review the literature and formulate recommendations. Patients for whom HCV screening is recommended included all patients with hematologic malignancies, hematopoietic cell transplantation candidates, and patients with liver cancer. There is a lack of consensus-based recommendations for the identification of HCV-infected patients with other types of cancer, but physicians may at least consider screening patients who belong to groups at heightened risk of HCV infection, including those born during 1945 through 1965 and those at high risk for infection. Patients with evidence of HCV infection should be assessed by an expert to evaluate liver disease severity, comorbidities associated with HCV infection, and treatment opportunities. DAA therapy should be tailored on the basis of patient prognosis, type of cancer, cancer treatment plan, and hepatic and virologic parameters. HCV-infected patients with cancer who have cirrhosis (or even advanced fibrosis) and those at risk for liver disease progression, especially patients with HCV-associated comorbidities, should have ongoing follow-up, regardless of whether there is a sustained virologic response, to ensure timely detection and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV infection and its treatment should not be considered contraindications to cancer treatment and should not delay the initiation of an urgent cancer therapy. CA Cancer J Clin 2017. © 2017 American Cancer Society. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:411-431. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrys A. Torres
- H. A. Torres: Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control
and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,
USA
| | - Terri Lynn Shigle
- T. L. Shigle: Division of Pharmacy, Section of Clinical Pharmacy
Services, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nassim Hammoudi
- N. Hammoudi and V. Mallet: Université Paris
Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de
Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin Port Royal, Hepatology service; Institut National
de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale unité 1223; Institut
Pasteur; all in Paris, France
| | - J. T. Link
- J. T. Link and A. Kaseb: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical
Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Felipe Samaniego
- F. Samaniego: Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, The University
of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed Kaseb
- J. T. Link and A. Kaseb: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical
Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vincent Mallet
- N. Hammoudi and V. Mallet: Université Paris
Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de
Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin Port Royal, Hepatology service; Institut National
de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale unité 1223; Institut
Pasteur; all in Paris, France
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Abstract
Epidemiologic studies show an increased risk of mortality among hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected individuals compared with uninfected individuals from hepatic and nonhepatic causes. This article reviews the biologic plausibility of and epidemiologic evidence for the association between HCV and five extrahepatic malignancies: cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), pancreatic adenocarcinoma, papillary thyroid cancer, oral squamous cell cancer, and renal/kidney cancer. There is sufficient evidence to suggest that HCV is associated with intrahepatic CCA. The evidence for the link between HCV and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, oral squamous cell cancer, and renal/kidney cancer is compelling but requires further study. Based on available studies, there is no significant association between HCV, extrahepatic CCA, and papillary thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Balakrishnan
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Matthew T Glover
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fasiha Kanwal
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Segna D, Dufour JF. Other Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus Infection (Pulmonary, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, Nondiabetes Endocrine Disorders). Clin Liver Dis 2017; 21:607-629. [PMID: 28689597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are a rare but serious condition. This article summarizes the current literature on the association between HCV and endocrine and pulmonary manifestations, as well as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). HCV may directly infect extrahepatic tissues and interact with the immune system predisposing for obstructive and interstitial lung disease, ITP, autoimmune thyroiditis, infertility, growth hormone and adrenal deficiencies, osteoporosis, and potentially lung and thyroid cancers. However, in many cases, the current evidence is divergent and cannot sufficiently confirm a true association, which emphasizes the need for future targeted projects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Segna
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital - Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 4, Bern 3010, Switzerland; Division of Hepatology, Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital- Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 4, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital- Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 4, Bern 3010, Switzerland.
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The roles of the exoribonucleases DIS3L2 and XRN1 in human disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1377-1384. [PMID: 27911720 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RNA degradation is a vital post-transcriptional process which ensures that transcripts are maintained at the correct level within the cell. DIS3L2 and XRN1 are conserved exoribonucleases that are critical for the degradation of cytoplasmic RNAs. Although the molecular mechanisms of RNA degradation by DIS3L2 and XRN1 have been well studied, less is known about their specific roles in the development of multicellular organisms or human disease. This review focusses on the roles of DIS3L2 and XRN1 in the pathogenesis of human disease, particularly in relation to phenotypes seen in model organisms. The known diseases associated with loss of activity of DIS3L2 and XRN1 are discussed, together with possible mechanisms and cellular pathways leading to these disease conditions.
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Massarweh NN, El-Serag HB. Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Control 2017; 24:1073274817729245. [PMID: 28975830 PMCID: PMC5937247 DOI: 10.1177/1073274817729245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are the most frequently occurring types of primary liver cancer and together are among the most common incident cancers worldwide. There are a number of modifiable and nonmodifiable HCC and ICC risk factors that have been reported. A review of the existing literature the epidemiology and risk factors for HCC and ICC was performed. There are a number of major infectious, lifestyle, metabolic, and heritable risk factors for both HCC and ICC. Some of these risk factors are either potentially preventable (eg, alcohol and tobacco use) or are currently treatable (eg hepatitis infection). In most cases, the molecular pathway or mechanism by which these etiologic factors cause primary liver cancer has not been well delineated. However, in nearly all cases, it is believed that a given risk factor causes liver injury and inflammation which results in chronic liver disease. Given the rising prevalence of several common HCC and ICC risk factors in the western world, the best opportunities for improving the care of these patients are either through the prevention of modifiable risk factors that are associated with the development of chronic liver disease or the identification of at risk patients, ensuring they are appropriately screened for the development of primary liver cancer, and initiating treatment early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader N. Massarweh
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hashem B. El-Serag
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess risk factors of high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN) recurrence in a cohort of HIV-infected MSM. DESIGN AND METHODS Consecutive HIV-infected 100 MSM with a history of successfully treated intra-anal HGAIN with electrocautery were followed with anal cytology, human papillomavirus (HPV) determination, and high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) at 3-6-month intervals. HGAIN recurrence was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Risk factors of recurrence were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. The value of different tests for detecting recurrence was also assessed. RESULTS After a mean follow-up of 17.6 months, 39 of the 100 patients [39%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 29-49] developed recurrent HGAIN, 24 at the previously treated site, and 15 at a different site. The probability of recurrence was 23.5% at 12 months (95% CI: 13.9-33.1) and 53.3% at 24 months (95% CI: 34.3-72.7). Risk factors of recurrence were presence of hepatitis C antibodies (hazard ratio 2.79; 95% CI: 1.04-7.53), nadir CD4 cell count less than 200 cells/μl (hazard ratio 2.61; 95% CI: 1.06-6.44), and HGAIN lesions affecting at least two octants of anal circumference (hazard ratio 8.27; 95% CI: 1.1-62). Infection by at least two HPV oncogenic strains increased the risk of recurrence (hazard ratio 2.3; 95% CI: 0.98-5.42). HRA, anal cytology, and oncogenic HPV determination test showed a sensitivity of 100, 79.4, and 86.7%, and a specificity of 57.7, 36.6, and 34.7%, respectively, for detecting HGAIN recurrence. CONCLUSION The risk of HGAIN recurrence in HIV-infected MSM is high. Regular posttreatment follow-up of these patients is mandatory, and performing direct HRA appears to be the best strategy.
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Yao ZH, Liao WY, Ho CC, Chen KY, Shih JY, Chen JS, Lin ZZ, Lin CC, Chih-Hsin Yang J, Yu CJ. Real-World Data on Prognostic Factors for Overall Survival in EGFR Mutation-Positive Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with First-Line Gefitinib. Oncologist 2017; 22:1075-1083. [PMID: 28507206 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring an activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and receiving gefitinib as first-line treatment in real-world practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled 226 patients from June 2011 to May 2013. During this period, gefitinib was the only EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor reimbursed by the Bureau of National Health Insurance of Taiwan. RESULTS The median progression-free survival and median OS were 11.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.7-14.2) and 26.9 months (21.2-32.5), respectively. The Cox proportional hazards regression model revealed that postoperative recurrence, performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Grade [ECOG] ≥2), smoking index (≥20 pack-years), liver metastasis at initial diagnosis, and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were independent prognostic factors for OS (hazard ratio [95% CI] 0.3 [0.11-0.83], p = .02; 2.69 [1.60-4.51], p < .001; 1.92 [1.24-2.97], p = .003; 2.26 [1.34-3.82], p = .002; 3.38 [1.85-7.78], p < .001, respectively). However, brain metastasis (BM) at initial diagnosis or intracranial progression during gefitinib treatment had no impact on OS (1.266 [0.83-1.93], p = .275 and 0.75 [0.48-1.19], p = .211, respectively). CONCLUSION HCV infection, performance status (ECOG ≥2), newly diagnosed advanced NSCLC without prior operation, and liver metastasis predicted poor OS in EGFR mutation-positive advanced NSCLC patients treated with first-line gefitinib; however, neither BM at initial diagnosis nor intracranial progression during gefitinib treatment had an impact on OS. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The finding that chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection might predict poor overall survival (OS) in epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with first-line gefitinib may raise awareness of benefit from anti-HCV treatment in this patient population. Brain metastasis in the initial diagnosis or intracranial progression during gefitinib treatment is not a prognostic factor for OS. This study, which enrolled a real-world population of NSCLC patients, including sicker patients who were not eligible for a clinical trial, may have impact on guiding usual clinical practice.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/mortality
- Brain Neoplasms/secondary
- Brain Neoplasms/therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Disease Progression
- Disease-Free Survival
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- Female
- Gain of Function Mutation
- Gefitinib
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/epidemiology
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/mortality
- Liver Neoplasms/secondary
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Lung/pathology
- Lung/surgery
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy
- Prognosis
- Quinazolines/therapeutic use
- Retrospective Studies
- Smoking/epidemiology
- Taiwan/epidemiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Han Yao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Liao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chi Ho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuan Shih
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shing Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhong-Zhe Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - James Chih-Hsin Yang
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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