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Wu K, Chen J, Lin J, Zhu E, Xu X, Yan X, Ju L, Huang M, Zhang Y. The role of ferroptosis in DM-induced liver injury. Biometals 2024:10.1007/s10534-024-00600-6. [PMID: 38874821 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-024-00600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The liver damage caused by Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Liver injury in DM can be caused by ferroptosis, a form of cell death caused by iron overload. However, the role of iron transporters in this context is still not clear. Herein, we attempted to shed light on the pathophysiological mechanism of ferroptosis. DM was induced in 8-week-old male rats by streptozotocin (STZ) before assessment of the degree of liver injury. Together with histopathological changes, variations in glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), ferritin heavy chain (FTH), ferritin light chain (FTL), ferroportin and Prussian blue staining, were monitored in rat livers before and after treatment with Fer-1. In the liver of STZ-treated rats, GSH and SOD levels decreased, whereas those of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. Expression of TFR1, FTH and FTL increased whereas that of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and ferroportin did not change significantly. Prussian blue staining showed that iron levels increased. Histopathology showed liver fibrosis and decreased glycogen content. Fer-1 treatment reduced iron and MDA levels but GSH and SOD levels were unchanged. Expression of FTH and FTL was reduced whereas that of ferroportin showed a mild decrease. Fer-1 treatment alleviated liver fibrosis, increased glycogen content and mildly improved liver function. Our study demonstrates that ferroptosis is involved in DM-induced liver injury. Regulating the levels of iron transporters may become a new therapeutic strategy in ferroptosis-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keping Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiasi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Enyi Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhong Yan
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Ju
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingcheng Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
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Ahmadi Badi S, Malek A, Seyedi SA, Bereimipour A, Irian S, Shojaie S, Sohouli MH, Rohani P, Masotti A, Khatami S, Siadat SD. Direct and macrophage stimulation mediated effects of active, inactive, and cell-free supernatant forms of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium duncaniae on hepcidin gene expression in HepG2 cells. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:287. [PMID: 38833010 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Hepcidin is a crucial regulator of iron homeostasis with protective effects on liver fibrosis. Additionally, gut microbiota can also affect liver fibrosis and iron metabolism. Although the hepatoprotective potential of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium duncaniae, formerly known as F. prausnitzii, has been reported, however, their effects on hepcidin expression remain unknown. We investigated the direct and macrophage stimulation-mediated effects of active, heat-inactivated, and cell-free supernatant (CFS) forms of A. muciniphila and F. duncaniae on hepcidin expression in HepG2 cells by RT-qPCR analysis. Following stimulation of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) -differentiated THP-1 cells with A. muciniphila and F. duncaniae, IL-6 concentration was assessed via ELISA. Additionally, the resulting supernatant was treated with HepG2 cells to evaluate the effect of macrophage stimulation on hepcidin gene expression. The expression of genes mediating iron absorption and export was also examined in HepG2 and Caco-2 cells via RT-qPCR. All forms of F. duncaniae increased hepcidin expression while active and heat-inactivated/CFS forms of A. muciniphila upregulated and downregulated its expression, respectively. Active, heat-inactivated, and CFS forms of A. muciniphila and F. duncaniae upregulated hepcidin expression, consistent with the elevation of IL-6 released from THP-1-stimulated cells as a macrophage stimulation effect in HepG2 cells. A. muciniphila and F. duncaniae in active, inactive, and CFS forms altered the expression of hepatocyte and intestinal iron-mediated absorption /exporter genes, namely dcytb and dmt1, and fpn in HepG2 and Caco-2 cells, respectively. In conclusion, A. muciniphila and F. duncaniae affect not only directly but also through macrophage stimulation the expression of hepcidin gene in HepG2 cells. These findings underscore the potential of A. muciniphila and F. duncaniae as a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis by modulating hepcidin and intestinal and hepatocyte iron metabolism mediated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ahmadi Badi
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Malek
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Bereimipour
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Saeed Irian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Shojaie
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pejman Rohani
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Shohreh Khatami
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Song Z, Miao X, Xie X, Tang G, Deng J, Hu M, Liu S, Leng S. Associations between serum ferritin baselines and trajectories and the incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a prospective cohort study. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:141. [PMID: 38760825 PMCID: PMC11100236 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Evidence from prospective cohort studies on the relationship between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and longitudinal changes in serum ferritin (SF) still limited. This study aimed to investigate the associations of SF baselines and trajectories with new-onset MASLD and to present a MASLD discriminant model. METHODS A total of 1895 participants who attended health examinations at least three times in a hospital in Dalian City between 2015 and 2022 were included. The main outcome was the incidence of MASLD. The associations between SF baselines and trajectories with the risk of MASLD were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. In addition, a MASLD discrimination model was established using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Among the 1895 participants, 492 developed MASLD during follow-up. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that participants in the low-stable trajectory group had a longer MASLD-free time compared with participants in other groups. Compared with those in the low-stable trajectory group, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of new-onset MASLD in the medium-high, high-stable and high-high trajectory groups were 1.54(1.18-2.00), 1.77(1.35-2.32) and 1.55(1.07-2.26), respectively (Ptrend < 0.001). The results were robust in subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Multivariate Cox proportional regression showed that SF was an independent risk factor of MASLD (HR = 1.002, 95%CI: 1.000-1.003, P = 0.003). The restricted cubic spline demonstrated a nonlinear relationship between SF and the risk of MASLD. The 8-variable model had high discriminative performance, good accuracy and clinical effectiveness. The ROC curve results showed that AUC was greater than that of the FLI, HSI and ZJU models (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Not only a higher baseline SF but also SF changing trajectory are significantly associated with risk of new-onset MASLD. SF could be a predictor of the occurrence of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziping Song
- Health Management Center, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinlei Miao
- Health Management Center, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoling Xie
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Guimin Tang
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiayi Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Manling Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Song Leng
- Health Management Center, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China.
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Yang SQ, Zhao X, Zhang J, Liao DY, Wang YH, Wang YG. Ferroptosis in renal fibrosis: a mini-review. J Drug Target 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38721679 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2353363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death that is iron-dependent and distinct from autophagy, apoptosis, and necroptosis. It is primarily characterised by a decrease in glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity, or by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Renal fibrosis is a common pathological change in the progression of various primary and secondary renal diseases to end-stage renal disease and poses a serious threat to human health with high morbidity and mortality. Multiple pathways contribute to the development of renal fibrosis, with ferroptosis playing a crucial role in renal fibrosis pathogenesis due to its involvement in the production of ROS. Ferroptosis is related to several signalling pathways, including System Xc-/GPX4, abnormal iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation. A number of studies have indicated that ferroptosis is closely involved in the process of renal fibrosis caused by various kidney diseases such as glomerulonephritis, renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury, diabetic nephropathy and renal calculus. Identifying the underlying molecular mechanisms that determine cell death would open up new insights to address a therapeutic strategy to renal fibrosis. The review aimed to browse and summarise the known mechanisms of ferroptosis that may be associated with biological reactions of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TianJin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, TianJin, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TianJin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, TianJin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TianJin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, TianJin, China
| | - Dong-Ying Liao
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, TianJin, China
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TianJin, China
| | - Yu-Han Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TianJin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, TianJin, China
| | - Yao-Guang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TianJin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, TianJin, China
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Kwon JH, Kang R, Lee SM, Hahm TS, Cho HS, Jin G, Ko JS. Effect of high-dose intravenous iron injection on hepatic function in a rat model of cirrhosis. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605241253733. [PMID: 38811356 PMCID: PMC11143837 DOI: 10.1177/03000605241253733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the hepatic effects of high-dose intravenous (IV) iron, including those on liver function and the degree of fibrosis, in a rat model of cirrhosis. METHODS We evenly allocated 25 Sprague-Dawley rats into five groups: normal rats (control group), cirrhotic rats receiving IV normal saline (liver cirrhosis [LC] group), and cirrhotic rats receiving 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg IV ferric carboxymaltose (LC-iron20, LC-iron40, and LC-iron80 group, respectively). Biochemical parameters were compared at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The degrees of hepatic fibrosis and iron deposition were evaluated. Inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were also compared. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the 28-day serum alanine aminotransferase levels among the LC-iron20, LC-iron40, and LC-iron80 groups (69 ± 7, 1003 ± 127, 1064 ± 309, 919 ± 346, and 820 ± 195 IU/L in the control, LC, LC-iron20, LC-iron40, and LC-iron80 groups, respectively). Hepatic iron accumulation increased in a dose-dependent manner, but the degree of hepatic fibrosis was comparable among the groups. The inflammatory and oxidative stress marker levels did not differ significantly according to the IV iron dose. CONCLUSIONS Administration of IV iron at various high doses appears safe in our rat model of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sangmin Maria Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Soo Hahm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Sung Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gayoung Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Justin Sangwook Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Li X, Liu L, Wan MX, Gong LM, Su J, Xu L. Active Components of Pueraria lobata through the MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway Alleviate Iron Overload in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400005. [PMID: 38504590 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To delve into the primary active ingredients and mechanism of Pueraria lobata for alleviating iron overload in alcoholic liver disease. METHODS Pueraria lobata's potential targets and signaling pathways in treating alcohol-induced iron overloads were predicted using network pharmacology analysis. Then, animal experiments were used to validate the predictions of network pharmacology. The impact of puerarin or genistein on alcohol-induced iron accumulation, liver injury, oxidative stress, and apoptosis was assessed using morphological examination, biochemical index test, and immunofluorescence. Key proteins implicated in linked pathways were identified using RT-qPCR, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Network pharmacological predictions combined with animal experiments suggest that the model group compared to the control group, exhibited activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, suppression of hepcidin expression, and aggravated iron overload, liver damage, oxidative stress, and hepatocyte death. Puerarin and genistein, the active compounds in Pueraria lobata, effectively mitigated the aforementioned alcohol-induced effects. No statistically significant disparities were seen in the effects above between the two groups receiving drug therapy. CONCLUSION This study preliminarily demonstrated that puerarin and genistein in Pueraria lobata may increase hepcidin production to alleviate alcohol-induced iron overload by inhibiting the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Le Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Mei-Xuan Wan
- College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Li-Min Gong
- College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Juan Su
- College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan, Dali University, Dali, China
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Tyczyńska M, Hunek G, Szczasny M, Brachet A, Januszewski J, Forma A, Portincasa P, Flieger J, Baj J. Supplementation of Micro- and Macronutrients-A Role of Nutritional Status in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4916. [PMID: 38732128 PMCID: PMC11085010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition in which the pathological cumulation of fat with coexisting inflammation and damage of hepatic cells leads to progressive dysfunctions of the liver. Except for the commonly well-known major causes of NAFLD such as obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, or diabetes, an unbalanced diet and imbalanced nutritional status should also be taken into consideration. In this narrative review, we summarized the current knowledge regarding the micro- and macronutrient status of patients suffering from NAFLD considering various diets and supplementation of chosen supplements. We aimed to summarize the knowledge indicating which nutritional impairments may be associated with the onset and progression of NAFLD at the same time evaluating the potential therapy targets that could facilitate the healing process. Except for the above-mentioned objectives, one of the most important aspects of this review was to highlight the possible strategies for taking care of NAFLD patients taking into account the challenges and opportunities associated with the micronutrient status of the patients. The current research indicates that a supplementation of chosen vitamins (e.g., vitamin A, B complex, C, or D) as well as chosen elements such as zinc may alleviate the symptoms of NAFLD. However, there is still a lack of sufficient data regarding healthy ranges of dosages; thus, further research is of high importance in this matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Tyczyńska
- Department of Correct, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Gabriela Hunek
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (G.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Martyna Szczasny
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Adam Brachet
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (G.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Jacek Januszewski
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (G.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (J.J.)
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Teschke R, Eickhoff A. Wilson Disease: Copper-Mediated Cuproptosis, Iron-Related Ferroptosis, and Clinical Highlights, with Comprehensive and Critical Analysis Update. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4753. [PMID: 38731973 PMCID: PMC11084815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Wilson disease is a genetic disorder of the liver characterized by excess accumulation of copper, which is found ubiquitously on earth and normally enters the human body in small amounts via the food chain. Many interesting disease details were published on the mechanistic steps, such as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cuproptosis causing a copper dependent cell death. In the liver of patients with Wilson disease, also, increased iron deposits were found that may lead to iron-related ferroptosis responsible for phospholipid peroxidation within membranes of subcellular organelles. All topics are covered in this review article, in addition to the diagnostic and therapeutic issues of Wilson disease. Excess Cu2+ primarily leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as evidenced by early experimental studies exemplified with the detection of hydroxyl radical formation using the electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping method. The generation of ROS products follows the principles of the Haber-Weiss reaction and the subsequent Fenton reaction leading to copper-related cuproptosis, and is thereby closely connected with ROS. Copper accumulation in the liver is due to impaired biliary excretion of copper caused by the inheritable malfunctioning or missing ATP7B protein. As a result, disturbed cellular homeostasis of copper prevails within the liver. Released from the liver cells due to limited storage capacity, the toxic copper enters the circulation and arrives at other organs, causing local accumulation and cell injury. This explains why copper injures not only the liver, but also the brain, kidneys, eyes, heart, muscles, and bones, explaining the multifaceted clinical features of Wilson disease. Among these are depression, psychosis, dysarthria, ataxia, writing problems, dysphagia, renal tubular dysfunction, Kayser-Fleischer corneal rings, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmias, rhabdomyolysis, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, arthritis, and arthralgia. In addition, Coombs-negative hemolytic anemia is a key feature of Wilson disease with undetectable serum haptoglobin. The modified Leipzig Scoring System helps diagnose Wilson disease. Patients with Wilson disease are well-treated first-line with copper chelators like D-penicillamine that facilitate the removal of circulating copper bound to albumin and increase in urinary copper excretion. Early chelation therapy improves prognosis. Liver transplantation is an option viewed as ultima ratio in end-stage liver disease with untreatable complications or acute liver failure. Liver transplantation finally may thus be a life-saving approach and curative treatment of the disease by replacing the hepatic gene mutation. In conclusion, Wilson disease is a multifaceted genetic disease representing a molecular and clinical challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, D-63450 Hanau, Germany;
- Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Axel Eickhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, D-63450 Hanau, Germany;
- Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Deng Y, Chu X, Li Q, Zhu G, Hu J, Sun J, Zeng H, Huang J, Ge G. Xanthohumol ameliorates drug-induced hepatic ferroptosis via activating Nrf2/xCT/GPX4 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155458. [PMID: 38394733 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a canonical iron-dependent form of regulated cell death (RCD), ferroptosis plays a crucial role in chemical-induced liver injuries. Previous studies have demonstrated that xanthohumol (Xh), a natural prenylflavonoid isolated from hops, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-antioxidative and hepatoprotective properties. However, the regulatory effects of Xh on hepatic ferroptosis and the underlying mechanism have not yet been fully elucidated. PURPOSE To investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Xh against drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and the regulatory effects of Xh on hepatic ferroptosis, as well as to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS/STUDY DESIGN The hepatoprotective benefits of Xh were investigated in APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) mice and HepaRG cells. Xh was administered intraperitoneally to assess its in vivo effects. Histological and biochemical studies were carried out to evaluate liver damage. A series of ferroptosis-related markers, including intracellular Fe2+ levels, ROS and GSH levels, the levels of MDA, LPO and 4-HNE, as well as the expression levels of ferroptosis-related proteins and modulators were quantified both in vivo and in vitro. The modified peptides of Keap1 by Xh were characterized utilizing nano LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Xh remarkably suppresses hepatic ferroptosis and ameliorates AILI both in vitro and in vivo, via suppressing Fe2+ accumulation, ROS formation, MDA generation and GSH depletion, these observations could be considerably mitigated by the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). Mechanistically, Xh could significantly activate the Nrf2/xCT/GPX4 signaling pathway to counteract AILI-induced hepatocyte ferroptosis. Further investigations showed that Xh could covalently modify three functional cysteine residues (cys151, 273, 288) of Keap1, which in turn, reduced the ubiquitination rates of Nrf2 and prolonged its degradation half-life. CONCLUSIONS Xh evidently suppresses hepatic ferroptosis and ameliorates AILI via covalent modifying three key cysteines of Keap1 and activating Nrf2/xCT/GPX4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Deng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiayan Chu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qian Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guanghao Zhu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jianming Sun
- Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Hairong Zeng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jian Huang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Shanghai Institute of Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai 201203, China.
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10
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Mo F, Tang Y, Shen H, Wu L, Liu Q, Nie S, Li M, Ling C. HIF1α/miR-146α/TRAF6/NF-κB axis modulates hepatic iron overload-induced inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 125:109499. [PMID: 37875229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Transfusional therapy is used to cure anemia but raises the risk of hepatic iron overload (IO), which triggers oxidative stress damage, inflammation, and failure even fibrosis. microRNAs play a vital role in developing hepatic diseases. This study presented the mechanism by which IO induce hepatic inflammation through microRNAs. In this study, microRNA expression profiling in the liver was observed after IO for 2 weeks, in which the target microRNA will be found. IO activating the miR-146α/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway was validated, and the molecular mechanism of the IO-induced decrease of miR-146α in the liver was studied in vivo and in vitro. The expression of TRAF6/NF-κB (p65)-dependent inflammatory factors increased, whereas the expression of miR-146α decreased during the IO-induced inflammatory response in the liver. The reduced expression of HNF4α caused by HIF1α and miR-34α may decrease the expression of miR-146α. Overexpression of miR-146α alleviated the hepatic inflammatory response caused by IO. Our findings indicate that miR-146α is a key factor in inducing hepatic IO inflammation, which will be another potential target to prevent IO-induced hepatic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Mo
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiao Tang
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lusha Wu
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Nie
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China; Institute of International Medical Science and Technology, Sanda University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chen Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Liu J, Zhang L, Xu F, Zhang P, Song Y. Chronic administration of triclosan leads to liver fibrosis through hepcidin-ferroportin axis-mediated iron overload. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:144-154. [PMID: 37980003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) has been manufactured as an antibacterial compound for half a century. Currently, it is widely used in various personal care products; however, its potential adverse effects raise a lot of attention. Here, we create a long-term oral administration mouse model and identify the corresponding hepatotoxicity of TCS. We discover that daily intragastric administration of 10 mg/kg TCS to mice for 12 weeks results in severe hepatic fibrosis. Further study displays that hepatic iron increased 18%, 23% and 29% upon oral TCS treatment for 4, 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. Accompanied by hepatic iron variation, splenic and duodenal iron are increased, which indicates systemic iron disorder. Not only excessive iron accumulated in the liver, abnormal hepatic malondialdehyde, prostaglandin synthase 2 and glutathione peroxidase 4 are pointed to ferroptosis. Additional study uncovers that hepcidin expression increases 7%, 10%, 4% in serum and 2.4-, 4.8-, and 2.3-fold on transcriptional levels upon TCS exposure for 4, 8 and 12 weeks, individually. Taken together, the mice in the TCS-treated group show disordered systemic iron homeostasis via the upregulated hepatic hepcidin-ferroportin axis. Meanwhile, both hepatic iron overload (systemic level) and hepatocyte ferroptosis (cellular level) are accused of TCS-induced liver fibrosis. Ferriprox®, an iron scavenger, significantly ameliorates TCS-induced liver fibrosis. In summary, this study confirms the impact of TCS on liver fibrosis; a critical signal pathway is also displayed. The significance of the current study is to prompt us to reevaluate the "pros and cons" of TCS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Institute of Karst Wetland Ecology, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lecong Zhang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Institute of Karst Wetland Ecology, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Fang Xu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Institute of Karst Wetland Ecology, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Institute of Karst Wetland Ecology, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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12
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Ferreira J, Bicho M, Serejo F. Effects of HCV Clearance with Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs) on Liver Stiffness, Liver Fibrosis Stage and Metabolic/Cellular Parameters. Viruses 2024; 16:371. [PMID: 38543737 PMCID: PMC10974411 DOI: 10.3390/v16030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a clinical and pathological syndrome with various causes and is characterized by varying degrees of hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation. It is a significant cause of liver transplantation and liver-related death worldwide. The hepatic manifestations of CHC are typically characterized by slowly progressing liver fibrosis, which is a non-specific and often disproportionate response to tissue damage. A large majority of HCV patients have extrahepatic manifestations with varying degrees of severity. HCV infection is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, which increases insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and iron overload and causes chronic systemic inflammation. HCV infection is treated using direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) with cure rates of over 95 percent, minimal side effects, and shorter therapeutic courses. Despite the effective elimination of the virus, it seemed pertinent to understand to what extent HCV clearance eliminates or attenuates all the systemic alterations already induced by the virus during infection and chronicity. OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to determine whether eliminating HCV with DAAs alters the severity of liver disease (liver stiffness and liver fibrosis stage by TE) and the metabolic/cellular profile of patients with CHC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A group of 329 CHC patients from a Gastroenterology and Hepatology outpatient department were prospectively studied. Of these, 134 were also studied with DAAs. The liver fibrosis stage was evaluated by transient elastography (TE) using a FibroScan® device, and two groups were established for the analysis of liver stiffness (LS): mild and moderate stiffness (fibrosis F1 and F2; F1/2) and severe stiffness (fibrosis and cirrhosis F3 and F4; F3/4). Metabolic/cellular parameters were evaluated before and after antiviral treatment using standard methods: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase (γ-GT), haptoglobin (Hp), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), free iron (Fe), transferrin saturation (TS), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), ferritin (Ft), glycemia, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and platelets count. The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS 24.0 for Windows. RESULTS Comparing the fibrosis stage before and after DAAs treatment, we verify a reduction in LS in 85.7% of patients and an improvement in liver fibrosis stage in 22.2% of them after DAAs treatment. Before DAAs treatment, patients showed a 2.410 risk for higher fibrosis stages (F3/4). Comparing metabolic/cellular parameters before and after DAAs treatment, patients showed lower ALP, AST, ALT, γGT, TG, Fe, TIBC, and Ft values and higher TC, LDL, and Hp values after treatment. As such, HCV elimination reduces iron overload and insulin resistance. On the other hand, it caused dyslipidemia, raising total cholesterol and LDL to levels outside the reference values. The improvement in the liver fibrosis stage by TE was mainly associated with higher baseline platelet count and HDL values and lower insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS With this study, we were able to contribute to the knowledge of the effects of HCV elimination with DAAs on liver disease and metabolic profile to improve the quality of treatment and follow-up of these patients after HCV elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ferreira
- Institute for Scientific Research Bento Rocha Cabral, 1250-047 Lisbon, Portugal;
- TERRA, ISAMB, Genetics Laboratory, Lisbon Medical School, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Manuel Bicho
- Institute for Scientific Research Bento Rocha Cabral, 1250-047 Lisbon, Portugal;
- TERRA, ISAMB, Genetics Laboratory, Lisbon Medical School, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Fátima Serejo
- TERRA, ISAMB, Genetics Laboratory, Lisbon Medical School, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
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Teschke R. Hemochromatosis: Ferroptosis, ROS, Gut Microbiome, and Clinical Challenges with Alcohol as Confounding Variable. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2668. [PMID: 38473913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemochromatosis represents clinically one of the most important genetic storage diseases of the liver caused by iron overload, which is to be differentiated from hepatic iron overload due to excessive iron release from erythrocytes in patients with genetic hemolytic disorders. This disorder is under recent mechanistic discussion regarding ferroptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), the gut microbiome, and alcohol abuse as a risk factor, which are all topics of this review article. Triggered by released intracellular free iron from ferritin via the autophagic process of ferritinophagy, ferroptosis is involved in hemochromatosis as a specific form of iron-dependent regulated cell death. This develops in the course of mitochondrial injury associated with additional iron accumulation, followed by excessive production of ROS and lipid peroxidation. A low fecal iron content during therapeutic iron depletion reduces colonic inflammation and oxidative stress. In clinical terms, iron is an essential trace element required for human health. Humans cannot synthesize iron and must take it up from iron-containing foods and beverages. Under physiological conditions, healthy individuals allow for iron homeostasis by restricting the extent of intestinal iron depending on realistic demand, avoiding uptake of iron in excess. For this condition, the human body has no chance to adequately compensate through removal. In patients with hemochromatosis, the molecular finetuning of intestinal iron uptake is set off due to mutations in the high-FE2+ (HFE) genes that lead to a lack of hepcidin or resistance on the part of ferroportin to hepcidin binding. This is the major mechanism for the increased iron stores in the body. Hepcidin is a liver-derived peptide, which impairs the release of iron from enterocytes and macrophages by interacting with ferroportin. As a result, iron accumulates in various organs including the liver, which is severely injured and causes the clinically important hemochromatosis. This diagnosis is difficult to establish due to uncharacteristic features. Among these are asthenia, joint pain, arthritis, chondrocalcinosis, diabetes mellitus, hypopituitarism, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and cardiopathy. Diagnosis is initially suspected by increased serum levels of ferritin, a non-specific parameter also elevated in inflammatory diseases that must be excluded to be on the safer diagnostic side. Diagnosis is facilitated if ferritin is combined with elevated fasting transferrin saturation, genetic testing, and family screening. Various diagnostic attempts were published as algorithms. However, none of these were based on evidence or quantitative results derived from scored key features as opposed to other known complex diseases. Among these are autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) or drug-induced liver injury (DILI). For both diseases, the scored diagnostic algorithms are used in line with artificial intelligence (AI) principles to ascertain the diagnosis. The first-line therapy of hemochromatosis involves regular and life-long phlebotomy to remove iron from the blood, which improves the prognosis and may prevent the development of end-stage liver disease such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver transplantation is rarely performed, confined to acute liver failure. In conclusion, ferroptosis, ROS, the gut microbiome, and concomitant alcohol abuse play a major contributing role in the development and clinical course of genetic hemochromatosis, which requires early diagnosis and therapy initiation through phlebotomy as a first-line treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, D-63450 Hanau, Germany
- Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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14
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Stiles LI, Ferrao K, Mehta KJ. Role of zinc in health and disease. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:38. [PMID: 38367035 PMCID: PMC10874324 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
This review provides a concise overview of the cellular and clinical aspects of the role of zinc, an essential micronutrient, in human physiology and discusses zinc-related pathological states. Zinc cannot be stored in significant amounts, so regular dietary intake is essential. ZIP4 and/or ZnT5B transport dietary zinc ions from the duodenum into the enterocyte, ZnT1 transports zinc ions from the enterocyte into the circulation, and ZnT5B (bidirectional zinc transporter) facilitates endogenous zinc secretion into the intestinal lumen. Putative promoters of zinc absorption that increase its bioavailability include amino acids released from protein digestion and citrate, whereas dietary phytates, casein and calcium can reduce zinc bioavailability. In circulation, 70% of zinc is bound to albumin, and the majority in the body is found in skeletal muscle and bone. Zinc excretion is via faeces (predominantly), urine, sweat, menstrual flow and semen. Excessive zinc intake can inhibit the absorption of copper and iron, leading to copper deficiency and anaemia, respectively. Zinc toxicity can adversely affect the lipid profile and immune system, and its treatment depends on the mode of zinc acquisition. Acquired zinc deficiency usually presents later in life alongside risk factors like malabsorption syndromes, but medications like diuretics and angiotensin-receptor blockers can also cause zinc deficiency. Inherited zinc deficiency condition acrodermatitis enteropathica, which occurs due to mutation in the SLC39A4 gene (encoding ZIP4), presents from birth. Treatment involves zinc supplementation via zinc gluconate, zinc sulphate or zinc chloride. Notably, oral zinc supplementation may decrease the absorption of drugs like ciprofloxacin, doxycycline and risedronate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy I Stiles
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Ferrao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kosha J Mehta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Education, King's College London, London, UK.
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15
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Gensluckner S, Wernly B, Datz C, Aigner E. Iron, Oxidative Stress, and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:208. [PMID: 38397806 PMCID: PMC10886327 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Excess free iron is a substrate for the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby augmenting oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a well-established cause of organ damage in the liver, the main site of iron storage. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent mechanism of regulated cell death, has recently been gaining attention in the development of organ damage and the progression of liver disease. We therefore summarize the main mechanisms of iron metabolism, its close connection to oxidative stress and ferroptosis, and its particular relevance to disease mechanisms in metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and potential targets for therapy from a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gensluckner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Wernly
- Department of Medicine, General Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5110 Oberndorf, Austria; (B.W.); (C.D.)
| | - Christian Datz
- Department of Medicine, General Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5110 Oberndorf, Austria; (B.W.); (C.D.)
| | - Elmar Aigner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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16
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Ahmadi Badi S, Bereimipour A, Rohani P, Khatami S, Siadat SD. Interplay between gut microbiota and the master iron regulator, hepcidin, in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Pathog Dis 2024; 82:ftae005. [PMID: 38555503 PMCID: PMC10990161 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a proven role for hepcidin and the composition of gut microbiota and its derivatives in the pathophysiology of liver fibrosis. AREA COVERED This review focuses on the literature search regarding the effect of hepcidin and gut microbiota on regulating liver physiology. We presented the regulating mechanisms of hepcidin expression and discussed the possible interaction between gut microbiota and hepcidin regulation. Furthermore, we investigated the importance of the hepcidin gene in biological processes and bacterial interactions using bioinformatics analysis. EXPERT OPINION One of the main features of liver fibrosis is iron accumulation in hepatic cells, including hepatocytes. This accumulation can induce an oxidative stress response, inflammation, and activation of hepatic stellate cells. Hepcidin is a crucial regulator of iron by targeting ferroportin expressed on hepatocytes, macrophages, and enterocytes. Various stimuli, such as iron load and inflammatory signals, control hepcidin regulation. Furthermore, a bidirectional relationship exists between iron and the composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota. We explored the potential of gut microbiota to influence hepcidin expression and potentially manage liver fibrosis, as the regulation of iron metabolism plays a crucial role in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ahmadi Badi
- Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1963737611, Iran
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran
| | - Ahmad Bereimipour
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Pejman Rohani
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran
| | - Shohreh Khatami
- Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1963737611, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1963737611, Iran
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran,1963737611, Iran
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Luo J, Liu Z, Wang Q, Tan S. Liver iron overload and fat content analyzed by magnetic resonance contribute to evaluatingthe progression of chronic hepatitis B. Biomed Rep 2024; 20:23. [PMID: 38169881 PMCID: PMC10758915 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and its complications still have a major role in liver-related mortality. It has been indicated that hepatic iron and steatosis may influence liver fibrosis and carcinogenesis. The present study aimed to assess the liver iron and fat in patients with CHB by MRI in order to estimate the associations among liver iron, fat and the severity and progression of liver fibrosis. In the present retrospective study, consecutive patients with CHB examined from August 2018 to August 2020 were analyzed. Liver iron and fat content were assessed by MRI, which was measured as liver iron content (LIC) and proton density fat fraction (PDFF). A total of 340 patients were included in the current study. For LIC, the median value was 1.68 mg/g and elevated LIC was seen in 122 patients (35.9%). For liver fat content, the median value of PDFF was 3.1%, while only 15.0% of patients had liver steatosis (PDFF ≥5%). Age, total bilirubin and sex were independent predictive factors of liver iron overload [odds ratio (OR)=1.036, 1.005 and 8.834, respectively]. A higher platelet count (OR=1.005) and no portal hypertension (OR=0.381) independently predicted liver steatosis. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of PDFF for the identification of liver cirrhosis estimated by different non-invasive tools ranged from 0.629 to 0.704. It was concluded that iron overload was common in patients with CHB, particularly in those with older age, male sex and high total bilirubin level, and liver steatosis was less common in CHB. Liver iron and fat content analyzed by MRI may contribute to the evaluation of the severity and progression of CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinni Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Siwei Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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Bao H, Wang Y, Xiong H, Xia Y, Cui Z, Liu L. Mechanism of Iron Ion Homeostasis in Intestinal Immunity and Gut Microbiota Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:727. [PMID: 38255801 PMCID: PMC10815743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron is a vital trace element that plays an important role in humans and other organisms. It plays an active role in the growth, development, and reproduction of bacteria, such as Bifidobacteria. Iron deficiency or excess can negatively affect bacterial hosts. Studies have reported a major role of iron in the human intestine, which is necessary for maintaining body homeostasis and intestinal barrier function. Organisms can maintain their normal activities and regulate some cancer cells in the body by regulating iron excretion and iron-dependent ferroptosis. In addition, iron can modify the interaction between hosts and microorganisms by altering their growth and virulence or by affecting the immune system of the host. Lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus), and Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) were reported to increase trace elements, protect the host intestinal barrier, mitigate intestinal inflammation, and regulate immune function. This review article focuses on the two aspects of the iron and gut and generally summarizes the mechanistic role of iron ions in intestinal immunity and the remodeling of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhifu Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (Y.X.)
| | - Lingbin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (Y.X.)
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Himoto T, Fujita K, Mimura S, Tani J, Morishita A, Kubota S, Masaki T. Involvement of essential trace elements in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus‑related chronic liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:19. [PMID: 38223320 PMCID: PMC10785032 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Essential trace elements are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease (CLD), which causes hepatic inflammation, steatosis and fibrosis. The present study investigated the roles of essential trace elements in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus-related CLD (CLD-C) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and compared the levels of these trace elements between the two groups. Serum zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu) and ferritin levels were measured in patients with CLD-C (n=66) and NASH (n=26). Subsequently, the correlations between the levels of these essential trace elements in patient sera and the biochemical or pathological parameters of patients with CLD-C and NASH were determined. The results demonstrated that the serum ferritin levels were significantly correlated with serum alanine aminotransferase levels in both the CLD-C and NASH groups. In both groups, the serum Zn and Se levels were significantly associated with serum albumin levels, and inversely associated with the stages of hepatic fibrosis. Furthermore, serum ferritin levels were positively associated, and serum Zn levels were inversely correlated with the grades of hepatic steatosis in patients with CLD-C, whereas serum Se levels were closely associated with the grades of hepatic steatosis only in patients with NASH. In both groups, serum ferritin levels were positively correlated, and serum Zn levels were inversely correlated with homeostasis model for the assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values, and serum Se was negatively correlated with the HOMA-IR values in patients with CLD-C only. In conclusion, these results indicated that the involvement of essential trace elements in insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis may differ slightly between patients with CLD-C and those with NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Himoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shima Mimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Joji Tani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Asashiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | | | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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20
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Zheng Y, Wang L, Wang J, Zhao T, Wang J. Modulation of the HIF-1α-NCOA4-FTH1 Signaling Axis Regulating Ferroptosis-induced Hepatic Stellate Cell Senescence to Explore the Anti-hepatic Fibrosis Mechanism of Curcumol. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2821-2837. [PMID: 38351696 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673271261231213051410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Senescence of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) reduces extracellular matrix expression to reverse liver fibrosis. Ferroptosis is closely related to cellular senescence, but its regulatory mechanisms need to be further investigated. The iron ions weakly bound to ferritin in the cell are called labile iron pool (LIP), and together with ferritin, they maintain cellular iron homeostasis and regulate the cell's sensitivity to ferroptosis. METHODS We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to construct a pathological model group and divided the hepatic stellate cells into a blank group, a model group, and a curcumol 12.5 mg/L group, a curcumol 25 mg/L group, and a curcumol 50 mg/L group. HIF-1α-NCOA4- FTH1 signalling axis, ferroptosis and cellular senescence were detected by various cellular molecular biology experiments. RESULT We found that curcumol could induce hepatic stellate cell senescence by promoting iron death in hepatic stellate cells. Curcumol induced massive deposition of iron ions in hepatic stellate cells by activating the HIF-1α-NCOA4-FTH1 signalling axis, which further led to iron overload and lipid peroxidation-induced ferroptosis. Interestingly, our knockdown of HIF-1α rescued curcumol-induced LIP and iron deposition in hepatic stellate cells, suggesting that HIF-1α is a key target of curcumol in regulating iron metabolism and ferroptosis. We were able to rescue curcumol-induced hepatic stellate cell senescence when we reduced LIP and iron ion deposition using iron chelators. CONCLUSION Overall, curcumol induces ferroptosis and cellular senescence by increasing HIF-1α expression and increasing NCOA4 interaction with FTH1, leading to massive deposition of LIP and iron ions, which may be the molecular biological mechanism of its anti-liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530222, Guangxi , China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530222, Guangxi , China
| | - Jiaru Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530222, Guangxi , China
| | - Tiejian Zhao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530222, Guangxi , China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530222, Guangxi , China
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21
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Yu G, Liu L, Qin T, Luo Y, Song C, Chen X, Duan H, Jiang Y, Zeng H, Wan H, Shen J. Associations of Serum Iron Status with MAFLD and Liver Fibrosis in the USA: a Nationwide Cross-Section Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:87-98. [PMID: 37079265 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03666-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new terminology characterized by liver steatosis. Iron status is related to many metabolic diseases. However, the researches on the associations of serum iron status with MAFLD are limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations of serum iron status biomarkers with MAFLD and liver fibrosis. A total of 5892 adults were enrolled in the current cross-sectional study using the 2017-March 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Liver steatosis and liver fibrosis were defined by the median values of controlled attenuation parameter ≥ 274 dB/m and liver stiffness measurement ≥ 8 kPa, respectively. The multivariable logistic/linear regression and restricted cubic spline analysis were conducted. After adjusting for potential confounders, higher ferritin levels were associated with higher odds of MAFLD (OR 4.655; 95% CI 2.301, 9.418) and liver fibrosis (OR 7.013; 95% CI 3.910, 12.577). Lower iron levels were associated with a higher prevalence of MAFLD (OR 0.622; 95% CI 0.458, 0.844) and liver fibrosis (OR 0.722; 95% CI 0.536, 0.974). Lower transferrin saturation (TSAT) was associated with a higher prevalence of MAFLD (OR 0.981; 95% CI 0.970, 0.991) and liver fibrosis (OR 0.988; 95% CI 0.979, 0.998). Higher ferritin levels, lower iron levels, and TSAT were associated with a higher prevalence of MAFLD and liver fibrosis. This study extended the knowledge of modifying iron status to prevent MAFLD and liver fibrosis. More prospective and mechanism studies were warranted to confirm the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genfeng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528300, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528300, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Ultrasound, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528300, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yaosheng Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528300, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cheng Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528300, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xingying Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528300, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hualin Duan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528300, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuqi Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528300, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huixian Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528300, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Heng Wan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528300, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528300, Guangdong Province, China.
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22
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Suwała S, Białczyk A, Koperska K, Rajewska A, Krintus M, Junik R. Prevalence and Crucial Parameters in Diabesity-Related Liver Fibrosis: A Preliminary Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7760. [PMID: 38137829 PMCID: PMC10744287 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and obesity have been recognized as confirmed risk factors for the occurrence of liver fibrosis. Despite the long-standing acknowledgment of "diabesity", the simultaneous existence of diabetes and obesity, scholarly literature has shown limited attention to this topic. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the prevalence of liver fibrosis among individuals with diabetes (specifically those who are obese) in order to identify the key factors associated with hepatofibrosis and determine the most important associations and differences between patients with and without liver fibrosis. The research included a total of 164 participants (48.17% had comorbid obesity). Liver elastography (Fibroscan) was performed on these individuals in addition to laboratory tests. Liver fibrosis was found in 34.76% of type 2 diabetes patients; male gender almost doubled the risk of hepatofibrosis (RR 1.81) and diabesity nearly tripled this risk (RR 2.81; however, in degree III of obesity, the risk was elevated to 3.65 times higher). Anisocytosis, thrombocytopenia, or elevated liver enzymes raised the incidence of liver fibrosis by 1.78 to 2.47 times. In these individuals, liver stiffness was negatively correlated with MCV, platelet count, and albumin concentration; GGTP activity and HbA1c percentage were positively correlated. The regression analysis results suggest that the concentration of albumin and the activity of GGTP are likely to have a substantial influence on the future management of liver fibrosis in patients with diabesity. The findings of this study can serve as the basis for subsequent investigations and actions focused on identifying potential therapeutic and diagnostic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Suwała
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 9 Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Białczyk
- Evidence-Based Medicine Students Scientific Club of Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 9 Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.B.); (K.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Kinga Koperska
- Evidence-Based Medicine Students Scientific Club of Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 9 Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.B.); (K.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Alicja Rajewska
- Evidence-Based Medicine Students Scientific Club of Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 9 Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.B.); (K.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Magdalena Krintus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 9 Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Roman Junik
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 9 Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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23
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Grange C, Lux F, Brichart T, David L, Couturier A, Leaf DE, Allaouchiche B, Tillement O. Iron as an emerging therapeutic target in critically ill patients. Crit Care 2023; 27:475. [PMID: 38049866 PMCID: PMC10694984 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The multiple roles of iron in the body have been known for decades, particularly its involvement in iron overload diseases such as hemochromatosis. More recently, compelling evidence has emerged regarding the critical role of non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI), also known as catalytic iron, in the care of critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs). These trace amounts of iron constitute a small percentage of the serum iron, yet they are heavily implicated in the exacerbation of diseases, primarily by catalyzing the formation of reactive oxygen species, which promote oxidative stress. Additionally, catalytic iron activates macrophages and facilitates the growth of pathogens. This review aims to shed light on this underappreciated phenomenon and explore the various common sources of NTBI in ICU patients, which lead to transient iron dysregulation during acute phases of disease. Iron serves as the linchpin of a vicious cycle in many ICU pathologies that are often multifactorial. The clinical evidence showing its detrimental impact on patient outcomes will be outlined in the major ICU pathologies. Finally, different therapeutic strategies will be reviewed, including the targeting of proteins involved in iron metabolism, conventional chelation therapy, and the combination of renal replacement therapy with chelation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Grange
- MexBrain, 13 Avenue Albert Einstein, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Lumière-Matière, UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1-CNRS, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - François Lux
- Institut Lumière-Matière, UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1-CNRS, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231, Paris, France.
| | | | - Laurent David
- Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, CNRS UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Jean Monnet, 15 bd Latarjet, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aymeric Couturier
- MexBrain, 13 Avenue Albert Einstein, Villeurbanne, France
- Nephrology, American Hospital of Paris, Paris, France
| | - David E Leaf
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard Allaouchiche
- University of Lyon, University Lyon I Claude Bernard, APCSe VetAgro Sup UP, 2021. A10, Marcy L'Étoile, France
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Institut Lumière-Matière, UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1-CNRS, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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24
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Tao J, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Xu M. The role of iron and ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. J Histotechnol 2023; 46:184-193. [PMID: 37823564 DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2023.2261093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas. Iron is an essential element for life and is involved in many metabolic processes. Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death that is triggered by iron and oxidative stress. A well-established mouse AP model was adopted to study the role of iron and ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Mice were injected with cerulein to induce AP, and pancreatic tissue samples were analyzed to determine the pathology, cell death, iron deposition, expression of iron transporters, and lipid peroxidation. The role of iron was studied by giving mice extra iron or iron chelator. In vitro studies with acinar cells with ferroptosis activator and inhibitor were also performed to assess the inflammatory response. Iron was found accumulated in the pancreatic tissue of mice who suffered cerulein-induced pancreatitis. Cell death and lipid peroxidation increased in these tissues and could be further modulated by iron dextran or iron chelator. Mice given Hemin through gavage had reduced levels of GSH in pancreatic tissue and increased inflammatory response. Studies with acinar cells showed increased levels of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis-specific mitochondrial damage when treated with ferroptosis inducer and inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinshi Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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25
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Liu Y, Li G, Lu F, Guo Z, Cai S, Huo T. Excess iron intake induced liver injury: The role of gut-liver axis and therapeutic potential. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115728. [PMID: 37864900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive iron intake is detrimental to human health, especially to the liver, which is the main organ for iron storage. Excessive iron intake can lead to liver injury. The gut-liver axis (GLA) refers to the bidirectional relationship between the gut and its microbiota and the liver, which is a combination of signals generated by dietary, genetic and environmental factors. Excessive iron intake disrupts the GLA at multiple interconnected levels, including the gut microbiota, gut barrier function, and the liver's innate immune system. Excessive iron intake induces gut microbiota dysbiosis, destroys gut barriers, promotes liver exposure to gut microbiota and its derived metabolites, and increases the pro-inflammatory environment of the liver. There is increasing evidence that excess iron intake alters the levels of gut microbiota-derived metabolites such as secondary bile acids (BAs), short-chain fatty acids, indoles, and trimethylamine N-oxide, which play an important role in maintaining homeostasis of the GLA. In addition to iron chelators, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory agents currently used in iron overload therapy, gut barrier intervention may be a potential target for iron overload therapy. In this paper, we review the relationship between excess iron intake and chronic liver diseases, the regulation of iron homeostasis by the GLA, and focus on the effects of excess iron intake on the GLA. It has been suggested that probiotics, fecal microbiota transfer, farnesoid X receptor agonists, and microRNA may be potential therapeutic targets for iron overload-induced liver injury by protecting gut barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Guangyan Li
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Fayu Lu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Ziwei Guo
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Shuang Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Taoguang Huo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
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26
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Maus M, López-Polo V, Mateo L, Lafarga M, Aguilera M, De Lama E, Meyer K, Sola A, Lopez-Martinez C, López-Alonso I, Guasch-Piqueras M, Hernandez-Gonzalez F, Chaib S, Rovira M, Sanchez M, Faner R, Agusti A, Diéguez-Hurtado R, Ortega S, Manonelles A, Engelhardt S, Monteiro F, Stephan-Otto Attolini C, Prats N, Albaiceta G, Cruzado JM, Serrano M. Iron accumulation drives fibrosis, senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Nat Metab 2023; 5:2111-2130. [PMID: 38097808 PMCID: PMC10730403 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Fibrogenesis is part of a normal protective response to tissue injury that can become irreversible and progressive, leading to fatal diseases. Senescent cells are a main driver of fibrotic diseases through their secretome, known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Here, we report that cellular senescence, and multiple types of fibrotic diseases in mice and humans are characterized by the accumulation of iron. We show that vascular and hemolytic injuries are efficient in triggering iron accumulation, which in turn can cause senescence and promote fibrosis. Notably, we find that senescent cells persistently accumulate iron, even when the surge of extracellular iron has subdued. Indeed, under normal conditions of extracellular iron, cells exposed to different types of senescence-inducing insults accumulate abundant ferritin-bound iron, mostly within lysosomes, and present high levels of labile iron, which fuels the generation of reactive oxygen species and the SASP. Finally, we demonstrate that detection of iron by magnetic resonance imaging might allow non-invasive assessment of fibrotic burden in the kidneys of mice and in patients with renal fibrosis. Our findings suggest that iron accumulation plays a central role in senescence and fibrosis, even when the initiating events may be independent of iron, and identify iron metabolism as a potential therapeutic target for senescence-associated diseases.
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Grants
- SAF2017-82613-R "la Caixa" Foundation (Caixa Foundation)
- of M. Serrano was funded by the IRB and “laCaixa” Foundation, and by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (SAF2017-82613-R), European Research Council (ERC-2014-AdG/669622), and grant RETOS COLABORACION RTC2019-007125-1 from MCIN/AEI, and Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Empresa i Coneixement of Catalonia (Grup de Recerca consolidat 2017 SGR 282)
- M.M. received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement (No 794744) and from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN) (RYC2020-030652-I /AEI /10.13039/501100011033)
- V.L.P. was recipient of a predoctoral contract from Spanish Ministry of Education (FPU-18/05917).
- K.M. was recipient of fellowships from the German Cardiac, the German Research Foundation, and a postdoctoral contract Juan de la Cierva from the MCIN.
- F.H.G. was supported by the PhD4MD Collaborative Research Training Programme for Medical Doctors (IRB Barcelona/Hospital Clinic/IDIBAPS).
- M. Sanchez was funded by grants PID2021-122436OB-I00 from MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033 / FEDER, UE, and RETOS COLABORACION RTC2019-007074-1 from MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033.
- G.A. was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through project PI 20/01360, FEDER funds.
- J.M.C was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through projects PI18/00910 and PI21/00931 (Co-funded by European Regional Development Fund. ERDF, a way to build Europe), and thanks CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya for institutional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mate Maus
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Vanessa López-Polo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Mateo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Mònica Aguilera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugenia De Lama
- Radiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kathleen Meyer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Sola
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Lopez-Martinez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ines López-Alonso
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Fernanda Hernandez-Gonzalez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Selim Chaib
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Rovira
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mayka Sanchez
- Iron Metabolism: Regulation and Diseases Group, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Rosa Faner
- Biomedicine Department, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alvar Agusti
- Universitat de Barcelona, Institut Respiratori, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Diéguez-Hurtado
- Deparment of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Sagrario Ortega
- Transgenics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Manonelles
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Freddy Monteiro
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Prats
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Albaiceta
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep M Cruzado
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, UK.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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27
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Huenchuguala S, Segura-Aguilar J. On the Role of Iron in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3094. [PMID: 38002094 PMCID: PMC10669582 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition metal characteristics of iron allow it to play a fundamental role in several essential aspects of human life such as the transport of oxygen through hemoglobin or the transport of electrons in the mitochondrial respiratory chain coupled to the synthesis of ATP. However, an excess or deficiency of iron is related to certain pathologies. The maintenance of iron homeostasis is essential to avoid certain pathologies related to iron excess or deficiency. The existence of iron deposits in postmortem tissues of Parkinson's patients has been interpreted as evidence that iron plays a fundamental role in the degenerative process of the nigrostriatal system in this disease. The use of iron chelators has been successful in the treatment of diseases such as transfusion-dependent thalassemia and pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration. However, a clinical study with the iron chelator deferiprone in patients with Parkinson's disease has not shown positive effects but rather worsened clinical symptoms. This suggests that iron may not play a role in the degenerative process of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Huenchuguala
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8370003, Chile
| | - Juan Segura-Aguilar
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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28
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Kang M, Behr GG, Jafari R, Gambarin M, Otazo R, Kee Y. Free-breathing high isotropic resolution quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) of liver using 3D multi-echo UTE cones acquisition and respiratory motion-resolved image reconstruction. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:1844-1858. [PMID: 37392413 PMCID: PMC10529485 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To enable free-breathing and high isotropic resolution liver quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) using 3D multi-echo UTE cones acquisition and respiratory motion-resolved image reconstruction. METHODS Using 3D multi-echo UTE cones MRI, a respiratory motion was estimated from the k-space center of the imaging data. After sorting the k-space data with estimated motion, respiratory motion state-resolved reconstruction was performed for multi-echo data followed by nonlinear least-squares fitting for proton density fat fraction (PDFF),R 2 * $$ {\mathrm{R}}_2^{\ast } $$ , and fat-corrected B0 field maps. PDFF and B0 field maps were subsequently used for QSM reconstruction. The proposed method was compared with motion-averaged (gridding) reconstruction and conventional 3D multi-echo Cartesian MRI in moving gadolinium phantom and in vivo studies. Region of interest (ROI)-based linear regression analysis was performed on these methods to investigate correlations between gadolinium concentration and QSM in the phantom study and betweenR 2 * $$ {\mathrm{R}}_2^{\ast } $$ and QSM in in vivo study. RESULTS Cones with motion-resolved reconstruction showed sharper image quality compared to motion-averaged reconstruction with a substantial reduction of motion artifacts in both moving phantom and in vivo studies. For ROI-based linear regression analysis of the phantom study, susceptibility values from cones with motion-resolved reconstruction (QSM ppm $$ {\mathrm{QSM}}_{\mathrm{ppm}} $$ = 0.31 × gadolinium mM + $$ \times {\mathrm{gadolinium}}_{\mathrm{mM}}+ $$ 0.05,R 2 $$ {R}^2 $$ = 0.999) and Cartesian without motion (QSM ppm $$ {\mathrm{QSM}}_{\mathrm{ppm}} $$ = 0.32× gadolinium mM + $$ \times {\mathrm{gadolinium}}_{\mathrm{mM}}+ $$ 0.04,R 2 $$ {R}^2 $$ = 1.000) showed linear relationships with gadolinium concentrations and showed good agreement with each other. For in vivo, motion-resolved reconstruction showed higher goodness of fit (QSM ppm $$ {\mathrm{QSM}}_{\mathrm{ppm}} $$ = 0.00261 × R 2 s - 1 * - $$ \times {\mathrm{R}}_{2_{{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}}^{\ast }- $$ 0.524,R 2 $$ {R}^2 $$ = 0.977) compared to motion-averaged reconstruction (QSM ppm $$ {\mathrm{QSM}}_{\mathrm{ppm}} $$ = 0.0021 × R 2 s - 1 * - $$ \times {\mathrm{R}}_{2_{{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}}}^{\ast }- $$ 0.572,R 2 $$ {R}^2 $$ = 0.723) in ROI-based linear regression analysis betweenR 2 * $$ {\mathrm{R}}_2^{\ast } $$ and QSM. CONCLUSION Feasibility of free-breathing liver QSM was demonstrated with motion-resolved 3D multi-echo UTE cones MRI, achieving high isotropic resolution currently unachievable in conventional Cartesian MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- MungSoo Kang
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Gerald G. Behr
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ramin Jafari
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maya Gambarin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ricardo Otazo
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Youngwook Kee
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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29
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Ali N, Ferrao K, Mehta KJ. Liver Iron Loading in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1427-1439. [PMID: 36306827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a common chronic liver disease with increasing incidence worldwide. Alcoholic liver steatosis/steatohepatitis can progress to liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, which can cause predisposition to hepatocellular carcinoma. ALD diagnosis and management are confounded by several challenges. Iron loading is a feature of ALD which can exacerbate alcohol-induced liver injury and promote ALD pathologic progression. Knowledge of the mechanisms that mediate liver iron loading can help identify cellular/molecular targets and thereby aid in designing adjunct diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches for ALD. Herein, the cellular mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced liver iron loading are reviewed and how excess iron in patients with ALD can promote liver fibrosis and aggravate disease pathology is discussed. Alcohol-induced increase in hepatic transferrin receptor-1 expression and up-regulation of high iron protein in Kupffer cells (proposed) facilitate iron deposition and retention in the liver. Iron is loaded in both parenchymal and nonparenchymal liver cells. Iron-loaded liver can promote ferroptosis and thereby contribute to ALD pathology. Iron and alcohol can independently elevate oxidative stress. Therefore, a combination of excess iron and alcohol amplifies oxidative stress and accelerates liver injury. Excess iron-stimulated hepatocytes directly or indirectly (through Kupffer cell activation) activate the hepatic stellate cells via secretion of proinflammatory and profibrotic factors. Persistently activated hepatic stellate cells promote liver fibrosis, and thereby facilitate ALD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najma Ali
- GKT School of Medical Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Ferrao
- GKT School of Medical Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kosha J Mehta
- Centre for Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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30
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Schmidt U, Uluca B, Vokic I, Malik B, Kolbe T, Lassnig C, Holcmann M, Moreno-Viedma V, Robl B, Mühlberger C, Gotthardt D, Sibilia M, Rülicke T, Müller M, Csiszar A. Inducible overexpression of a FAM3C/ILEI transgene has pleiotropic effects with shortened life span, liver fibrosis and anemia in mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286256. [PMID: 37713409 PMCID: PMC10503705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
FAM3C/ILEI is an important factor in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction, tumor progression and metastasis. Overexpressed in many cancers, elevated ILEI levels and secretion correlate with poor patient survival. Although ILEI's causative role in invasive tumor growth and metastasis has been demonstrated in several cellular tumor models, there are no available transgenic mice to study these effects in the context of a complex organism. Here, we describe the generation and initial characterization of a Tet-ON inducible Fam3c/ILEI transgenic mouse strain. We find that ubiquitous induction of ILEI overexpression (R26-ILEIind) at weaning age leads to a shortened lifespan, reduced body weight and microcytic hypochromic anemia. The anemia was reversible at a young age within a week upon withdrawal of ILEI induction. Vav1-driven overexpression of the ILEIind transgene in all hematopoietic cells (Vav-ILEIind) did not render mice anemic or lower overall fitness, demonstrating that no intrinsic mechanisms of erythroid development were dysregulated by ILEI and that hematopoietic ILEI hyperfunction did not contribute to death. Reduced serum iron levels of R26-ILEIind mice were indicative for a malfunction in iron uptake or homeostasis. Accordingly, the liver, the main organ of iron metabolism, was severely affected in moribund ILEI overexpressing mice: increased alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase levels indicated liver dysfunction, the liver was reduced in size, showed increased apoptosis, reduced cellular iron content, and had a fibrotic phenotype. These data indicate that high ILEI expression in the liver might reduce hepatoprotection and induce liver fibrosis, which leads to liver dysfunction, disturbed iron metabolism and eventually to death. Overall, we show here that the novel Tet-ON inducible Fam3c/ILEI transgenic mouse strain allows tissue specific timely controlled overexpression of ILEI and thus, will serve as a versatile tool to model the effect of elevated ILEI expression in diverse tissue entities and disease conditions, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Schmidt
- IMP—Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Betül Uluca
- IMP—Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iva Vokic
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barizah Malik
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Kolbe
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Holcmann
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Bernhard Robl
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carina Mühlberger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Gotthardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnes Csiszar
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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31
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Takahashi N, Kato M, Yamada Y, Tsujikawa H, Irie R, Okabayashi K, Kitagawa Y, Kuroda T. Abnormal distribution of fat tissue and its association with intestinal failure-associated liver disease in children and adolescents with long-time parenteral nutrition support: A case-control study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2023; 47:938-946. [PMID: 37416985 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with intestinal failure (IF) often present with abnormal body composition characterized by high fat mass. However, the distribution of fat and its association with the development of IF-associated liver disease (IFALD) remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the body composition and its relationship with IFALD in older children and adolescents with IF. METHODS This retrospective case-control study enrolled patients with IF receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) at Keio University Hospital who initiated PN before the age of 20 years (cases). The control group included patients with abdominal pain, with available computed tomography (CT) scan and anthropometric data. CT scan images of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) were used for body composition analysis and compared between the groups. Liver histology was compared with CT scan findings in IF patients who underwent biopsy. RESULTS Nineteen IF patients and 124 control patients were included. To account for age distribution, 51 control patients were selected. The median skeletal muscle index was 33.9 (29.1-37.3) in the IF group and 42.1 (39.1-45.7) in the control group (P < 0.01). The median visceral adipose tissue index (VATI) was 9.6 (4.9-21.0) in the IF group and 4.6 (3.0-8.3) in the control group (P = 0.018). Among the 13 patients with IF who underwent liver biopsies, 11 (84.6%) had steatosis, and there was a tendency for fibrosis to correlate with VATI. CONCLUSION Patients with IF exhibit low skeletal muscle mass and high visceral fat, which may be related to liver fibrosis. Routine monitoring of body composition is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Takahashi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototoshi Kato
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Yamada
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanako Tsujikawa
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Irie
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Nippon Koukan Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Okabayashi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kuroda
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Breborowicz A. Iron increases the profibrotic properties of the senescent peritoneal mesothelial cells. Int J Artif Organs 2023; 46:473-480. [PMID: 37564017 DOI: 10.1177/03913988231192123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of anemia in peritoneal dialysis patients often requires intravenous iron supplementation. Iron diffuses into the peritoneal cavity and is injurious to the peritoneum. We studied how intermittent exposure to iron changes the properties of the senescent peritoneal mesothelial cells (MC). METHODS Replicative senescence was induced in MC in control medium (Con) or in control medium with intermittent exposure to iron isomaltoside 15 µg/dL (Con-IIS). After 10 passages properties of MC from both groups were compared to MC not exposed to replicative senescence. RESULTS In senescent MC population doubling time was elongated, intracellular generation of free radicals and staining for β-galactosidase was stronger than in MC not exposed to replicative senescence. All these effects were stronger in MC intermittently exposed to IIS. In these cells intracellular iron content was also higher. Also expression of genes p21 and p53 was stronger in MC intermittently treated with IIS. In senescent cells higher release and expression of IL6 and TGFβ1 was observed and that effect was stronger in MC treated with iron. Senescent MC had reduced fibrinolytic activity, what may predispose to the peritoneal fibrosis. Synthesis of collagen was higher in senescent cells, more in MC treated with iron. CONCLUSION MC aging results in change of their genotype and phenotype which lead to their profibrotic effect. Exposure to iron enhances these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Breborowicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland
- Department of Histology, Collegium Medicum, Zielona Gora University, Zielona Gora, Poland
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33
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Li Y, Lu Y, Nian M, Sheng Q, Zhang C, Han C, Dou X, Ding Y. Therapeutic potential and mechanism of Chinese herbal medicines in treating fibrotic liver disease. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:643-657. [PMID: 37777315 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathological condition characterized by replacement of normal liver tissue with scar tissue, and also the leading cause of liver-related death worldwide. During the treatment of liver fibrosis, in addition to antiviral therapy or removal of inducers, there remains a lack of specific and effective treatment strategies. For thousands of years, Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been widely used to treat liver fibrosis in clinical setting. CHMs are effective for liver fibrosis, though its mechanisms of action are unclear. In recent years, many studies have attempted to determine the possible mechanisms of action of CHMs in treating liver fibrosis. There have been substantial improvements in the experimental investigation of CHMs which have greatly promoted the understanding of anti-liver fibrosis mechanisms. In this review, the role of CHMs in the treatment of liver fibrosis is described, based on studies over the past decade, which has addressed the various mechanisms and signaling pathways that mediate therapeutic efficacy. Among them, inhibition of stellate cell activation is identified as the most common mechanism. This article provides insights into the research direction of CHMs, in order to expand its clinical application range and improve its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yunrui Lu
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Mozuo Nian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Qiuju Sheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xiaoguang Dou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China.
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Cobilinschi CO, Săulescu I, Caraiola S, Nițu AF, Dumitru RL, Husar-Sburlan I, Bălănescu AR, Opriș-Belinski D. A "Mix and Match" in Hemochromatosis-A Case Report and Literature Focus on the Liver. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1586. [PMID: 37763705 PMCID: PMC10534457 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder characterized by increased iron storage in various organs with progressive multisystemic damage. Despite the reports dating back to 1865, the diagnosis of hemochromatosis poses a challenge to clinicians due to its non-specific symptoms and indolent course causing significant delay in disease recognition. The key organ that is affected by iron overload is the liver, suffering from fibrosis, cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma, complications that can be prevented via early diagnosis and treatment. This review aims to draw attention to the pitfalls in diagnosing hemochromatosis. We present a case with multiorgan complaints, abnormal iron markers and a consistent genetic result. We then examine the relevant literature and discuss hemochromatosis subtypes and liver involvement, including transplant outcome and treatment options. In summary, hemochromatosis remains difficult to diagnose due to its symptom heterogeneity and rarity; thus, further education for practitioners of all disciplines is useful in facilitating its early recognition and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Oana Cobilinschi
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.C.); (I.S.); (S.C.); (A.R.B.); (D.O.-B.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Sfânta Maria Clinical Hospital Bucharest, 011172 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Săulescu
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.C.); (I.S.); (S.C.); (A.R.B.); (D.O.-B.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Sfânta Maria Clinical Hospital Bucharest, 011172 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Caraiola
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.C.); (I.S.); (S.C.); (A.R.B.); (D.O.-B.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andra Florina Nițu
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Sf Maria Clinical Hospital Bucharest, 011172 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Radu Lucian Dumitru
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.C.); (I.S.); (S.C.); (A.R.B.); (D.O.-B.)
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Sf Maria Clinical Hospital Bucharest, 011172 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ioana Husar-Sburlan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sf Maria Clinical Hospital Bucharest, 011172 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Andra Rodica Bălănescu
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.C.); (I.S.); (S.C.); (A.R.B.); (D.O.-B.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Sfânta Maria Clinical Hospital Bucharest, 011172 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Opriș-Belinski
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.C.); (I.S.); (S.C.); (A.R.B.); (D.O.-B.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Sfânta Maria Clinical Hospital Bucharest, 011172 Bucharest, Romania
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Feng Y, Jia L, Ma W, Tian C, Du H. Iron Chelator Deferoxamine Alleviates Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy by Relieving Inflammation and Fibrosis in Rats. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1266. [PMID: 37627331 PMCID: PMC10452339 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most devastating diabetic microvascular complications. It has previously been observed that iron metabolism levels are abnormal in diabetic patients. However, the mechanism by which iron metabolism levels affect DN is poorly understood. This study was designed to evaluate the role of iron-chelator deferoxamine (DFO) in the improvement of DN. Here, we established a DN rat model induced by diets high in carbohydrates and fat and streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Our data demonstrated that DFO treatment for three weeks greatly attenuated renal dysfunction as evidenced by decreased levels of urinary albumin, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine, which were elevated in DN rats. Histopathological observations showed that DFO treatment improved the renal structures of DN rats and preserved podocyte integrity by preventing the decrease of transcripts of nephrin and podocin. In addition, DFO treatment reduced the overexpression of fibronectin 1, collagen I, IL-1β, NF-κB, and MCP-1 in DN rats, as well as inflammatory cell infiltrates and collagenous fibrosis. Taken together, our findings unveiled that iron chelation via DFO injection had a protective impact on DN by alleviating inflammation and fibrosis, and that it could be a potential therapeutic strategy for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China;
| | - Li Jia
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wan Ma
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenying Tian
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huahua Du
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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36
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Liu D, Luo Y, Zheng Y, Ji R, Zhou Y. Effect of elevated serum ferritin on the risk of death in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 35:795-802. [PMID: 37161969 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
It is still debatable whether serum ferritin is a potential prognostic marker in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. In this meta-analysis, we hope to investigate the relationship between elevated serum ferritin and the risk of death in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, SinoMed, WAN FANG, and ClinicalTrials.gov without language restrictions from inception to 3 October 2022, and finally identified a total of eight eligible studies with 1829 patients. The pooled prevalence of elevated serum ferritin in decompensated cirrhosis was 40.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 32.1-49.2%], and it was higher in males, patients with alcohol-associated liver disease, those with Child-Pugh grade C, those with hepatic encephalopathy, and nonsurvivors. Nonsurvivors had significantly higher serum ferritin levels than survivors [mean difference 247.90; 95% CI, 130.97-364.84]. With a pooled unadjusted hazard ratio of 2.38 (95% CI, 1.78-3.18), high serum ferritin was associated with an increased risk of death in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, with low heterogeneity among the included studies. In conclusion, high serum ferritin levels were associated with mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. More prospective and homogeneous clinical studies are required to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University
- Department of Gastroenterology
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Luo
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University
- Department of Gastroenterology
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongning Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Mehta KJ. Iron-Related Genes and Proteins in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Detection and Therapy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1773-1784. [PMID: 37269528 PMCID: PMC10238768 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are located in various tissues of the body. These cells exhibit regenerative and reparative properties, which makes them highly valuable for cell-based therapy. Despite this, majority of MSC-related studies remain to be translated for regular clinical use. This is partly because there are methodical challenges in pre-administration MSC labelling, post-administration detection and tracking of cells, and in retention of maximal therapeutic potential in-vivo. This calls for exploration of alternative or adjunctive approaches that would enable better detection of transplanted MSCs via non-invasive methods and enhance MSC therapeutic potential in-vivo. Interestingly, these attributes have been demonstrated by some iron-related genes and proteins.Accordingly, this unique forward-looking article integrates the apparently distinct fields of iron metabolism and MSC biology, and reviews the utility of iron-related genes and iron-related proteins in facilitating MSC detection and therapy, respectively. Effects of genetic overexpression of the iron-related proteins ferritin, transferrin receptor-1 and MagA in MSCs and their utilisation as reporter genes for improving MSC detection in-vivo are critically evaluated. In addition, the beneficial effects of the iron chelator deferoxamine and the iron-related proteins haem oxygenase-1, lipocalin-2, lactoferrin, bone morphogenetic protein-2 and hepcidin in enhancing MSC therapeutics are highlighted with the consequent intracellular alterations in MSCs. This review aims to inform both regenerative and translational medicine. It can aid in formulating better methodical approaches that will improve, complement, or provide alternatives to the current pre-transplantation MSC labelling procedures, and enhance MSC detection or augment the post-transplantation MSC therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosha J Mehta
- Centre for Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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Abstract
COVID-19 can cause detrimental effects on health. Vaccines have helped in reducing disease severity and transmission but their long-term effects on health and effectiveness against future viral variants remain unknown. COVID-19 pathogenesis involves alteration in iron homeostasis. Thus, a contextual understanding of iron-related parameters would be very valuable for disease prognosis and therapeutics.Accordingly, we reviewed the status of iron and iron-related proteins in COVID-19. Iron-associated alterations in COVID-19 reported hitherto include anemia of inflammation, low levels of serum iron (hypoferremia), transferrin and transferrin saturation, and high levels of serum ferritin (hyperferritinemia), hepcidin, lipocalin-2, catalytic iron, and soluble transferrin receptor (in ICU patients). Hemoglobin levels can be low or normal, and compromised hemoglobin function has been proposed. Membrane-bound transferrin receptor may facilitate viral entry, so it acts as a potential target for antiviral therapy. Lactoferrin can provide natural defense by preventing viral entry and/or inhibiting viral replication. Serum iron and ferritin levels can predict COVID-19-related hospitalization, severity, and mortality. Serum hepcidin and ferritin/transferrin ratio can predict COVID-19 severity. Here, serum levels of these iron-related parameters are provided, caveats of iron chelation for therapy are discussed and the interplay of these iron-related parameters in COVID-19 is explained.This synopsis is crucial as it clearly presents the iron picture of COVID-19. The information may assist in disease prognosis and/or in formulating iron-related adjunctive strategies that can help reduce infection/inflammation and better manage COVID-19 caused by future variants. Indeed, the current picture will augment as more is revealed about these iron-related parameters in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Suriawinata
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kosha J Mehta
- Centre for Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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Shen Y, Li X, Xiong S, Hou S, Zhang L, Wang L, Dai X, Zhao Y. Untargeted metabonomic analysis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with iron overload in rats via UPLC/MS. Free Radic Res 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37326040 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2226315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In recent years, many metabolites specific to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been identified thanks to the application of metabolomics techniques. This study aimed to investigate the candidate targets and potential molecular pathways involved in NAFLD in the presence of iron overload. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with control or high-fat diet with or without excess iron. After 8,16,20 weeks of treatment, urine samples of rats were collected for metabolomics analysis using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Blood and liver samples were also collected. RESULTS High-fat, high-iron diet resulted in increased triglyceride accumulation and increased oxidative damage. A total of 13 metabolites and four potential pathways were identified. Compared to the control group, the intensities of adenine, cAMP, hippuric acid, kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid, uric acid, and citric acid were significantly lower (P < 0.05) and the concentration of other metabolites was significantly higher in the high-fat diet group. In the high-fat, high-iron group, the differences in the intensities of the above metabolites were amplified. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that NAFLD rats have impaired antioxidant system and liver function, lipid disorders, abnormal energy, and glucose metabolism, and that iron overload may further exacerbate these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xianan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shichao Xiong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shaoying Hou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lijia Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xuezheng Dai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
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Yang K, Pan Y, Jin L, Yu F, Zhang F. Low Serum Soluble Transferrin Receptor Levels Are Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2757-2764. [PMID: 35969310 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron metabolism disorder is closely related to acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). This study was conducted to analyze the serum levels of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related ACLF and to evaluate the predictive value of sTfR for the short-term prognosis of HBV-ACLF. A total of 359 patients, including 139 with HBV-ACLF, 103 with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and 117 healthy controls (HCs), participated in this study. We measured serum levels of ferritin, transferrin, and sTfR using nephelometry and performed data analysis using SPSS software. Ferritin levels were significantly higher in HBV-ACLF patients (both P < 0.001), while transferrin and sTfR were significantly lower (all P < 0.001) than in patients with CHB and HCs. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that serum sTfR significantly correlated with the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (r = -0.366, P < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (r = -0.322, P < 0.001), total bilirubin (TBIL) (r = -0.222, P = 0.009), alpha fetoprotein (AFP) (r = 0.329, P < 0.001), prothrombin time-international normalization ratio (PT-INR) (r = -0.428, P < 0.001), and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) (r = -0.459, P < 0.001). Nonsurviving HBV-ACLF patients who died within 30 days had much lower serum sTfR levels than surviving patients (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that decreased serum sTfR levels were independently associated with 30-day mortality in patients with HBV-ACLF (P = 0.003). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for predicting 30-day mortality showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for serum sTfR was 0.813 (95% CI: 0.738-0.874, P < 0.001). This was similar to that of the MELD score (AUC = 0.812, 95% CI: 0.737-0.873, P < 0.001). Serum sTfR combined with MELD score significantly improved the predictive capacity for 30-day mortality in patients with HBV-ACLF (AUC = 0.871, 95% CI: 0.803-0.922, P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the overall cumulative 30-day mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with serum sTfR levels ≤ 0.55 mg/L compared to those with serum sTfR levels > 0.55 mg/L (P < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Department of Medical Technology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Medical Technology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Infectious Disease, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Furong Yu
- Department of Medical Technology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Fasu Zhang
- Department of Medical Technology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
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Kolaric TO, Kuna L, Covic M, Roguljic H, Matic A, Sikora R, Hefer M, Petrovic A, Mihaljevic V, Smolic R, Bilic-Curcic I, Vcev A, Smolic M. Preclinical Models and Promising Pharmacotherapeutic Strategies in Liver Fibrosis: An Update. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4246-4260. [PMID: 37232739 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis represents one of the greatest challenges in medicine. The fact that it develops with the progression of numerous diseases with high prevalence (NAFLD, viral hepatitis, etc.) makes liver fibrosis an even greater global health problem. Accordingly, it has received much attention from numerous researchers who have developed various in vitro and in vivo models to better understand the mechanisms underlying fibrosis development. All these efforts led to the discovery of numerous agents with antifibrotic properties, with hepatic stellate cells and the extracellular matrix at the center of these pharmacotherapeutic strategies. This review focuses on the current data on numerous in vivo and in vitro models of liver fibrosis and on various pharmacotherapeutic targets in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Omanovic Kolaric
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Lucija Kuna
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marina Covic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Roguljic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Matic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pathophysiology and Physiology with Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Renata Sikora
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Hefer
- Department of Physics, Biophysics, and Chemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Petrovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vjera Mihaljevic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Robert Smolic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Bilic-Curcic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Vcev
- Department of Pathophysiology and Physiology with Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Smolic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Xia L, Shen Y, Liu S, Du J. Iron overload triggering ECM-mediated Hippo/YAP pathway in follicle development: a hypothetical model endowed with therapeutic implications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1174817. [PMID: 37223010 PMCID: PMC10200985 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1174817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of iron homeostasis plays a negative role in follicle development. The dynamic changes in follicle growth are dependent on Hippo/YAP signaling and mechanical forces. However, little is known about the liaison between iron overload and the Hippo/YAP signalling pathway in term of folliculogenesis. Here, based on the available evidence, we established a hypothesized model linking excessive iron, extracellular matrix (ECM), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and Hippo/Yes-associated protein (YAP) signal regarding follicle development. Hypothetically, the TGF-β signal and iron overload may play a synergistic role in ECM production via YAP. We speculate that the dynamic homeostasis of follicular iron interacts with YAP, increasing the risk of ovarian reserve loss and may enhance the sensitivity of follicles to accumulated iron. Hence, therapeutic interventions targeting iron metabolism disorders, and Hippo/YAP signal may alter the consequences of the impaired developmental process based on our hypothesis, which provides potential targets and inspiration for further drug discovery and development applied to clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjin Xia
- National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yupei Shen
- National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suying Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Du
- National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wang X, Zhou Y, Min J, Wang F. Zooming in and out of ferroptosis in human disease. Front Med 2023; 17:173-206. [PMID: 37121959 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-0992-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is defined as an iron-dependent regulated form of cell death driven by lipid peroxidation. In the past decade, it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases that together involve almost every organ of the body, including various cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases, liver diseases, kidney diseases, endocrine metabolic diseases, iron-overload-related diseases, orthopedic diseases and autoimmune diseases. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its regulatory pathways could provide additional strategies for the management of these disease conditions. Indeed, there are an expanding number of studies suggesting that ferroptosis serves as a bona-fide target for the prevention and treatment of these diseases in relevant pre-clinical models. In this review, we summarize the progress in the research into ferroptosis and its regulatory mechanisms in human disease, while providing evidence in support of ferroptosis as a target for the treatment of these diseases. We also discuss our perspectives on the future directions in the targeting of ferroptosis in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Junxia Min
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Fudi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
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Sun X, Zhang X, Yan H, Wu H, Cao S, Zhao W, Dong T, Zhou A. Protective effect of curcumin on hepatolenticular degeneration through copper excretion and inhibition of ferroptosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 113:154539. [PMID: 36898256 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD) is an autosomal recessive disorder concerning copper metabolism. Copper overload is also accompanied by iron overload in HLD patients, which can lead to ferroptosis. Curcumin, the active component in turmeric, has the potential to inhibit ferroptosis. PURPOSE The current study proposed a systematic investigation of the protective effects of curcumin against HLD and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The protective effect of curcumin on toxic milk (TX) mice was studied. Liver tissue was observed via hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and the ultrastructure of the liver tissue was observed through transmission electron microscopy. Copper levels in the tissues, serum, and metabolites were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). In addition, serum and liver indicators were evaluated. In cellular experiments, the effect of curcumin on the viability of rat normal liver cells (BRL-3A) was determined via the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell and mitochondrial morphology were observed in curcumin-mediated HLD model cells. The intracellular copper ion fluorescence intensity was observed via fluorescence microscopy, and intracellular copper iron content was detected using AAS. Further, oxidative stress indicators were evaluated. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular mitochondrial membrane potential were examined via flow cytometry. Furthermore, the expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were determined via western blotting (WB). RESULTS The histopathology of the liver confirmed the hepatoprotective effects of curcumin. Curcumin improved copper metabolism in TX mice. Both serum liver enzyme markers and antioxidant enzyme levels indicated the protective effect of curcumin against HLD-related liver injury. The MTT assay results showed that curcumin was protective against excess copper-induced injury. Curcumin improved the morphology of HLD model cells and their mitochondrial morphology. The Cu2+ fluorescent probe and the AAS results indicated that curcumin reduced Cu2+ content in HLD hepatocytes. In addition, curcumin improved oxidative stress levels and prevented the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential in HLD model cells. The ferroptosis inducer Erastin reversed these effects of curcumin. WB revealed that curcumin promoted Nrf2, HO-1, and GPX4 protein expression in HLD model cells, and the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 reversed the effects of curcumin. CONCLUSION Curcumin demonstrates a protective role by expelling copper and inhibiting ferroptosis, activating the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 signaling pathway in HLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Hui Yan
- The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Hongfei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230038, China.
| | - Shijian Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wenchen Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15219, United States
| | - Ting Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - An Zhou
- The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230038, China.
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A Novel Hepcidin Mutation. Transfus Clin Biol 2023:S1246-7820(23)00037-X. [PMID: 36925058 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bioactive peptide hormone hepcidin-25 regulates iron levels by inhibiting iron transport to plasma via ferroportin. Hepcidin-25 is synthesized in the liver where the 84 amino acids pro-hepcidin is cleaved into the bioactive hepcidin-25. A patient admitted to the hospital presented with infertility and fatigue. METHODS Genomic DNA was purified from whole blood using the Maxwell 16 system (Promega). MLPA analysis was performed to detect large genomic rearrangements using the SALSA MLPA kit # P347, Hemochromatosis (MRC Holland, Holland). Plasma hepcidin measurements were performed using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS A novel HAMP mutation (homozygous one base deletion in c.215delG, p.Cys72Serfs*?) was detected. The deletion in nucleotide 215 causes a frameshift altering the predicted protein sequence from cysteine13 in mature peptide. Whether this leads to nonsense mediated decay of the mRNA or synthesis of an aberrant peptide in unknown, but bioactive hepcidin-25 was undetectable in plasma. The patient had massive iron overload with ferritin up to 8360 µg/L. He was anaemic with a Hb at 7.0 mmol/L (11.3 g/dL) and suffered from hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with a total testosterone of 1.2 nmol/l . Continued treatment with venesection and gonadotropins led to reduced fatigue, reduction in iron overload, a normalized Hb and improvement of semen quality. CONCLUSION A novel hepcidin mutation was detected in a patient with massive iron overload, fatigue and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
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Tadokoro T, Morishita A, Himoto T, Masaki T. Nutritional Support for Alcoholic Liver Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061360. [PMID: 36986091 PMCID: PMC10059060 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is a common finding in alcohol use disorders and is associated with the prognosis of patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). These patients also frequently show deficiencies in vitamins and trace elements, increasing the likelihood of anemia and altered cognitive status. The etiology of malnutrition in ALD patients is multifactorial and complex and includes inadequate dietary intake, abnormal absorption and digestion, increased skeletal and visceral protein catabolism, and abnormal interactions between ethanol and lipid metabolism. Most nutritional measures derive from general chronic liver disease recommendations. Recently, many patients with ALD have been diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, which requires individualized treatment via nutritional therapy to avoid overnutrition. As ALD progresses to cirrhosis, it is frequently complicated by protein–energy malnutrition and sarcopenia. Nutritional therapy is also important in the management of ascites and hepatic encephalopathy as liver failure progresses. The purpose of the review is to summarize important nutritional therapies for the treatment of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Tadokoro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-87-891-2156
| | - Takashi Himoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu 761-0123, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
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Bigorra Mir M, Charlebois E, Tsyplenkova S, Fillebeen C, Pantopoulos K. Cardiac Hamp mRNA Is Predominantly Expressed in the Right Atrium and Does Not Respond to Iron. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065163. [PMID: 36982241 PMCID: PMC10049151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is a liver-derived hormone that controls systemic iron traffic. It is also expressed in the heart, where it acts locally. We utilized cell and mouse models to study the regulation, expression, and function of cardiac hepcidin. Hepcidin-encoding Hamp mRNA was induced upon differentiation of C2C12 cells to a cardiomyocyte-like phenotype and was not further stimulated by BMP6, BMP2, or IL-6, the major inducers of hepatic hepcidin. The mRNAs encoding hepcidin and its upstream regulator hemojuvelin (Hjv) are primarily expressed in the atria of the heart, with ~20-fold higher Hamp mRNA levels in the right vs. left atrium and negligible expression in the ventricles and apex. Hjv−/− mice, a model of hemochromatosis due to suppression of liver hepcidin, exhibit only modest cardiac Hamp deficiency and minor cardiac dysfunction. Dietary iron manipulations did not significantly affect cardiac Hamp mRNA in the atria of wild-type or Hjv−/− mice. Two weeks following myocardial infarction, Hamp was robustly induced in the liver and heart apex but not atria, possibly in response to inflammation. We conclude that cardiac Hamp is predominantly expressed in the right atrium and is partially regulated by Hjv; however, it does not respond to iron and other inducers of hepatic hepcidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bigorra Mir
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Edouard Charlebois
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Sofiya Tsyplenkova
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Carine Fillebeen
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Kostas Pantopoulos
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-340-8260 (ext. 25293)
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48
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Iron metabolism and ferroptosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus and complications: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:186. [PMID: 36882414 PMCID: PMC9992652 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of iron homeostasis is essential for proper endocrine function. A growing body of evidence suggests that iron imbalance is a key factor in the development of several endocrine diseases. Nowadays, ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, has become increasingly recognized as an important process to mediate the pathogenesis and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It has been shown that ferroptosis in pancreas β cells leads to decreased insulin secretion; and ferroptosis in the liver, fat, and muscle induces insulin resistance. Understanding the mechanisms concerning the regulation of iron metabolism and ferroptosis in T2DM may lead to improved disease management. In this review, we summarized the connection between the metabolic pathways and molecular mechanisms of iron metabolism and ferroptosis in T2DM. Additionally, we discuss the potential targets and pathways concerning ferroptosis in treating T2DM and analysis the current limitations and future directions concerning these novel T2DM treatment targets.
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49
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Radiomics nomograms based on R2* mapping and clinical biomarkers for staging of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a single-center retrospective study. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:1653-1667. [PMID: 36149481 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-09137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the value of R2* mapping-based radiomics nomograms in staging liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS Between January 2020 and December 2020, 151 patients with chronic hepatitis B were randomly divided into training (n = 103) and validation (n = 48) cohorts. From January to February 2021, 58 patients were included in a test cohort. Radiomics features were selected using the interclass correlation coefficient and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method. Three radiomics nomograms, combining the radiomics score (Radscore) derived from R2* mapping and clinical variables, were used for staging significant and advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Performance of the model was evaluated using the AUC. The utility and clinical benefits were evaluated using the continuous net reclassification index (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS The Radscore calculated by 12 radiomics features and independent factors (laminin and platelet) of advanced fibrosis were used to construct the radiomics nomograms. In the test cohort, the AUCs of the radiomics nomograms for staging significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis were 0.738 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.604-0.872), 0.879 (95% CI: 0.779-0.98), and 0.952 (95% CI: 0.878-1), respectively. NRI, IDI, and DCA confirmed that radiomics nomograms demonstrated varying degrees of clinical benefit and improvement for advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis, but not for significant fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Radiomics nomograms combined with R2* mapping-based Radscore, laminin, and platelet have value in staging advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis but limited value for staging significant fibrosis. KEY POINTS • Laminin and platelets were independent predictors of advanced fibrosis. • Radiomics analysis based on R2* mapping was beneficial for evaluating advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. • It was difficult to distinguish significant fibrosis using a radiomics nomogram, which is possibly due to the complex pathological microenvironment of chronic liver diseases.
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50
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Ju H, Liu T, Yang M, Cheng M, Wu G. Iron and atrial fibrillation: A review. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 46:312-318. [PMID: 36799332 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), one of the most common arrhythmias in clinical practice, is classified into paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent AF according to its duration. The development of AF is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the exact etiology of this disease remains poorly understood. Recent studies found disorders of iron metabolism might be involved in the progression of AF. Abnormal iron metabolism in cardiomyocytes provides arrhythmogenic substrates through a variety of mechanisms, including calcium mishandling, ion channel remodeling, and oxidative stress overaction. Interestingly, in AF patients with iron overload, interventions on iron metabolism, such as iron chelators and ferroptosis inhibitors, has been shown to prevent AF via reducing ferroptosis. Herein, we review the possible mechanisms, consequences, and therapeutic implications of altered atrial iron handling for AF pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ju
- Department of Cardiology, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Manqi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mian Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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