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Anderson J, Imran S, Ng YY, Wang T, Ashley S, Minh Thang C, Quang Thanh L, Thi Trang Dai V, Van Thanh P, Thi Hong Nhu B, Ngoc Xuan Trang D, Thi Phuong Trinh P, Thanh Binh L, Thuong Vu N, Trong Toan N, Novakovic B, Tang MLK, Wurzel D, Mulholland K, Pellicci DG, Do LAH, Licciardi PV. Differential anti-viral response to respiratory syncytial virus A in preterm and term infants. EBioMedicine 2024; 102:105044. [PMID: 38447274 PMCID: PMC10933467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm infants are more likely to experience severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease compared to term infants. The reasons for this are multi-factorial, however their immature immune system is believed to be a major contributing factor. METHODS We collected cord blood from 25 preterm (gestational age 30.4-34.1 weeks) and 25 term infants (gestation age 37-40 weeks) and compared the response of cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) to RSVA and RSVB stimulation using neutralising assays, high-dimensional flow cytometry, multiplex cytokine assays and RNA-sequencing. FINDINGS We found that preterm and term infants had similar maternally derived neutralising antibody titres to RSVA and RSVB. Preterm infants had significantly higher myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) RSV infection compared to term infants. Differential gene expression analysis of RSVA stimulated CBMCs revealed enrichment of genes involved in cytokine production and immune regulatory pathways involving IL-10, IL-36γ, CXCL1, CXCL2, SOCS1 and SOCS3 in term infants, while differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in preterm infants were related to cell cycle (CDK1, TTK, ESCO2, KNL1, CDC25A, MAD2L1) without associated expression of immune response genes. Furthermore, enriched genes in term infants were highly correlated suggesting an increased co-ordination of their immune response to RSVA. When comparing DEGs in preterm and term infants following RSVB stimulation, no differences in immune response genes were identified. INTERPRETATION Overall, our data suggests that preterm infants have a more restricted immunological response to RSVA compared with term infants. While further studies are required, these findings may help to explain why preterm infants are more susceptible to severe RSV disease and identify potential therapeutic targets to protect these vulnerable infants. FUNDING Murdoch Children's Research Institute Infection and Immunity theme grant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Anderson
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Samira Imran
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yan Yung Ng
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Ashley
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Boris Novakovic
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mimi L K Tang
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Allergy and Lung Health Unit, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danielle Wurzel
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Allergy and Lung Health Unit, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Lu L, Li J, Wei R, Guidi I, Cozzuto L, Ponomarenko J, Prats-Ejarque G, Boix E. Selective cleavage of ncRNA and antiviral activity by RNase2/EDN in THP1-induced macrophages. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:209. [PMID: 35347428 PMCID: PMC8960563 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRNase2 is the member of the RNaseA family most abundant in macrophages. Here, we knocked out RNase2 in THP-1 cells and analysed the response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). RSV induced RNase2 expression, which significantly enhanced cell survival. Next, by cP-RNAseq sequencing, which amplifies the cyclic-phosphate endonuclease products, we analysed the ncRNA population. Among the ncRNAs accumulated in WT vs KO cells, we found mostly tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and second miRNAs. Differential sequence coverage identified tRFs from only few parental tRNAs, revealing a predominant cleavage at anticodon and d-loops at U/C (B1) and A (B2) sites. Selective tRNA cleavage was confirmed in vitro using the recombinant protein. Likewise, only few miRNAs were significantly more abundant in WT vs RNase2-KO cells. Complementarily, by screening of a tRF & tiRNA array, we identified an enriched population associated to RNase2 expression and RSV exposure. The results confirm the protein antiviral action and provide the first evidence of its cleavage selectivity on ncRNAs.
Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ranlei Wei
- National Frontier Center of Disease Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Irene Guidi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Luca Cozzuto
- Bioinformatic Unit, Centre de Regulació Genòmica (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Ponomarenko
- Bioinformatic Unit, Centre de Regulació Genòmica (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Prats-Ejarque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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Lu L, Wei R, Prats-Ejarque G, Goetz M, Wang G, Torrent M, Boix E. Human RNase3 immune modulation by catalytic-dependent and independent modes in a macrophage-cell line infection model. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2963-2985. [PMID: 33226440 PMCID: PMC8004517 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03695-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human RNase3 is a member of the RNaseA superfamily involved in host immunity. RNase3 is expressed by leukocytes and shows broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Together with a direct antimicrobial action, RNase3 exhibits immunomodulatory properties. Here, we have analysed the transcriptome of macrophages exposed to the wild-type protein and a catalytic-defective mutant (RNase3-H15A). The analysis of differently expressed genes (DEGs) in treated THP1-derived macrophages highlighted a common pro-inflammatory "core-response" independent of the protein ribonucleolytic activity. Network analysis identified the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as the main central regulatory protein. Expression of selected DEGs and MAPK phosphorylation were inhibited by an anti-EGFR antibody. Structural analysis suggested that RNase3 activates the EGFR pathway by direct interaction with the receptor. Besides, we identified a subset of DEGs related to the protein ribonucleolytic activity, characteristic of virus infection response. Transcriptome analysis revealed an early pro-inflammatory response, not associated to the protein catalytic activity, followed by a late activation in a ribonucleolytic-dependent manner. Next, we demonstrated that overexpression of macrophage endogenous RNase3 protects the cells against infection by Mycobacterium aurum and the human respiratory syncytial virus. Comparison of cell infection profiles in the presence of Erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor, revealed that the receptor activation is required for the antibacterial but not for the antiviral protein action. Moreover, the DEGs related and unrelated to the protein catalytic activity are associated to the immune response to bacterial and viral infection, respectively. We conclude that RNase3 modulates the macrophage defence against infection in both catalytic-dependent and independent manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - RanLei Wei
- Center of Precision Medicine and Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guillem Prats-Ejarque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Maria Goetz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Gang Wang
- Center of Precision Medicine and Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Marc Torrent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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Anderson J, Do LAH, Toh ZQ, Hoe E, Reitsma A, Mulholland K, Licciardi PV. Vitamin D Induces Differential Effects on Inflammatory Responses During Bacterial and/or Viral Stimulation of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:602. [PMID: 32318074 PMCID: PMC7154168 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are the leading causes of respiratory infections amongst children <5 years of age. Co-infection with these pathogens is common during early life and often associated with increased disease severity. Epidemiological studies have shown that low levels of Vitamin D3 (VitD3) are associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory pathogens. However, the role of VitD3 in the context of pneumococcal and RSV exposure are poorly understood. We found that VitD3 significantly reduced Th17 cell expression and IL-17A and IL-22 secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) when stimulated with a pneumococcal whole cell antigen (WCA). Levels of IFN-γ were also decreased whilst IL-10 and IL-1β were increased. Effects of VitD3 on innate responses following RSV stimulation was limited, only reducing IL-6. VitD3 also reduced the number of TLR2+CD14+ monocytes, whilst increasing TLR7+CD14+ monocytes and TLR4+CD56+ NK cells. In WCA-stimulated PBMCs, VitD3 increased IL-1β levels but reduced TLR2+CD14+ monocytes. For pneumococcal WCA-RSV co-stimulation, VitD3 only had a limited effect, mainly through increased IL-1β and RANTES as well as TLR4+CD56+ NK cells. Our results suggest that VitD3 can modulate the inflammatory response to pneumococci but has limited effects during viral or bacterial-viral exposure. This is the first study to examine the effects of VitD3 in the context of pneumococcal-RSV co-stimulation, with important implications on the potential role of VitD3 in the control of excessive inflammatory responses during pneumococcal and RSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Anderson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Edwin Hoe
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrea Reitsma
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Chirkova T, Ha B, Rimawi BH, Oomens AGP, Hartert TV, Anderson LJ. In vitro model for the assessment of human immune responses to subunit RSV vaccines. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229660. [PMID: 32191728 PMCID: PMC7081972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the single most important cause of serious lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children worldwide and a high priority for vaccine development. Despite over 50 years of research, however, no vaccine is yet available. One block to vaccine development is an incomplete understanding of the aberrant memory response to the formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine (FI-RSV) given to children in the 1960s. This vaccine caused enhanced respiratory disease (ERD) with later natural RSV infection. Concern that any non-live virus vaccine may also cause ERD has blocked development of subunit vaccines for young children. A number of animal FI-RSV studies suggest various immune mechanisms behind ERD. However, other than limited data from the original FI-RSV trial, there is no information on the human ERD-associated responses. An in vitro model with human blood specimens may shed light on the immune memory responses likely responsible for ERD. Memory T cell responses to an antigen are guided by the innate responses, particularly dendritic cells that present an antigen in conjunction with co-stimulatory molecules and cytokine signaling. Our in vitro model involves human monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDC) and allogenic T cell cultures to assess innate responses that direct T cell responses. Using this model, we evaluated human responses to live RSV, FI-RSV, and subunit RSV G vaccines (G-containing virus-like particles, G-VLP). Similar to findings in animal studies, FI-RSV induced prominent Th2/Th17-biased responses with deficient type-1 responses compared to live virus. Responses to G-VLPs were similar to live virus, i.e. biased towards a Th1 and not a Th2/Th17. Also mutating CX3C motif in G gave a more pronounced moDC responses associated with type-1 T cell responses. This in vitro model identifies human immune responses likely associated with ERD and provides another pre-clinical tool to assess the safety of RSV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Chirkova
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Binh Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Bassam H. Rimawi
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, WakeMed Health & Hospitals, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Antonius G. P. Oomens
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Tina V. Hartert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Larry J. Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Szakács Z, Mészáros T, de Jonge MI, Gyurcsányi RE. Selective counting and sizing of single virus particles using fluorescent aptamer-based nanoparticle tracking analysis. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13942-13948. [PMID: 29845157 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01310a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Detection and counting of single virus particles in liquid samples are largely limited to narrow size distribution of viruses and purified formulations. To address these limitations, here we propose a calibration-free method that enables concurrently the selective recognition, counting and sizing of virus particles as demonstrated through the detection of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), an enveloped virus with a broad size distribution, in throat swab samples. RSV viruses were selectively labeled through their attachment glycoproteins (G) with fluorescent aptamers, which further enabled their identification, sizing and counting at the single particle level by fluorescent nanoparticle tracking analysis. The proposed approach seems to be generally applicable to virus detection and quantification. Moreover, it could be successfully applied to detect single RSV particles in swab samples of diagnostic relevance. Since the selective recognition is associated with the sizing of each detected particle, this method enables to discriminate viral elements linked to the virus as well as various virus forms and associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szakács
- MTA-BME Lendület Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellert tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Mészáros
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Róbert E Gyurcsányi
- MTA-BME Lendület Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellert tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
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Percze K, Szakács Z, Scholz É, András J, Szeitner Z, Kieboom CHVD, Ferwerda G, Jonge MID, Gyurcsányi RE, Mészáros T. Aptamers for respiratory syncytial virus detection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42794. [PMID: 28220811 PMCID: PMC5318870 DOI: 10.1038/srep42794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of the infectious agents is pivotal for appropriate care of patients with viral diseases. Current viral diagnostics rely on selective detection of viral nucleic acid or protein components. In general, detection of proteins rather than nucleic acids is technically more suitable for rapid tests. However, protein-based virus identification methods depend on antibodies limiting the practical applicability of these approaches. Aptamers rival antibodies in target selectivity and binding affinity, and excel in terms of robustness and cost of synthesis. Although aptamers have been generated for virus identification in laboratory settings, their introduction into routine virus diagnostics has not been realized, yet. Here, we demonstrate that the rationally designed SELEX protocol can be applied on whole virus to select aptamers, which can potentially be applied for viral diagnostics. This approach does not require purified virus protein or complicated virus purification. The presented data also illustrate that corroborating the functionality of aptamers with various approaches is essential to pinpoint the most appropriate aptamer amongst the panel of candidates obtained by the selection. Our protocol yielded aptamers capable of detecting respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), an important pathogen causing severe disease especially in young infants, at clinically relevant concentrations in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Percze
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szakács
- MTA-BME “Lendület” Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Scholz
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit András
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Szeitner
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Corné H. van den Kieboom
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben Ferwerda
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marien I. de Jonge
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Róbert E. Gyurcsányi
- MTA-BME “Lendület” Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Mészáros
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-BME Research Group for Technical Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
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Jans J, elMoussaoui H, de Groot R, de Jonge MI, Ferwerda G. Actin- and clathrin-dependent mechanisms regulate interferon gamma release after stimulation of human immune cells with respiratory syncytial virus. Virol J 2016; 13:52. [PMID: 27004689 PMCID: PMC4802911 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause recurrent and severe respiratory tract infections. Cytoskeletal proteins are often involved during viral infections, either for cell entry or the initiation of the immune response. The importance of actin and clathrin dynamics for cell entry and the initiation of the cellular immune response against RSV in human immune cells is not known yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of actin and clathrin on cell entry of RSV and the subsequent effect on T cell activation and interferon gamma release in human immune cells. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and purified monocytes were isolated from healthy adults and stimulated in vitro with RSV. Actin and clathrin dynamics were inhibited with respectively cytochalasin D and chlorpromazine. T cell receptor signaling was inhibited with cyclosporin A. Flow cytometry was used to determine the role of actin and clathrin on cell entry and T cell activation by RSV. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to investigate the contribution of actin and clathrin on the release of interferon gamma. Results Cell entry, virus gene transcription and interferon gamma release are actin-dependent. Post-endocytic processes like the increased expression of major histocompatibility complex II on monocytes , T cell activation and the release of interferon gamma are clathrin-dependent. Finally, T cell receptor signaling affects T cell activation, whereas soluble interleukin 18 is dispensable. Conclusion Analysis of cell entry and interferon gamma release after infection with RSV reveals the importance of actin- and clathrin-dependent signaling in human immune cells. Insights into the cellular biology of the human immune response against respiratory syncytial virus will provide a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and may prove useful in the development of preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jop Jans
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud university medical center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hicham elMoussaoui
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud university medical center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald de Groot
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud university medical center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud university medical center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben Ferwerda
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud university medical center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Vissers M, Ahout IML, de Jonge MI, Ferwerda G. Mucosal IgG Levels Correlate Better with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Load and Inflammation than Plasma IgG Levels. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2015; 23:243-5. [PMID: 26656116 PMCID: PMC4783421 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00590-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Maternal vaccination is currently considered a strategy against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. In RSV-infected infants, high mucosal IgG levels correlated better with reduced RSV load and lower mucosal CXCL10 levels than plasma IgG levels. For future vaccination strategies against RSV, more focus should be on the mucosal humoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Vissers
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge M L Ahout
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben Ferwerda
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Vissers M, Schreurs I, Jans J, Heldens J, de Groot R, de Jonge MI, Ferwerda G. Antibodies enhance CXCL10 production during RSV infection of infant and adult immune cells. Cytokine 2015; 76:458-464. [PMID: 26253531 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is a major burden in infants below three months of age, when the primary immune response is mainly dependent on innate immunity and maternal antibodies. We investigated the influence of antibodies on innate immunity during RSV infection. PBMCs from infants and adults were stimulated with live RSV and inactivated RSV in combination with antibody-containing and antibody-depleted serum. The immune response was determined by transcriptome analysis and chemokine levels were measured using ELISA and flow cytometry. Microarray data showed that CXCL10 gene transcription was RSV dependent, whereas CXCL11 and IFNα were upregulated in an antibody-dependent manner. Although the presence of antibodies reduces RSV infection rate, it enhances the innate immune response. In adult immune cells, antibodies enhance CXCL10, CXCL11, IFNα and IFNγ production in response to RSV infection. Contrary, in infant immune cells only CXCL10 was enhanced in an antibody-dependent manner. Monocytes are the main source of CXCL10 and they produce CXCL10 in both an antibody- and virus-dependent manner. This study shows that antibodies enhance CXCL10 production in infant immune cells. CXCL10 has been implicated in exuberating the inflammatory response during viral infections and antibodies could therefore play a role in the pathogenesis of RSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Vissers
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Schreurs
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jop Jans
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco Heldens
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald de Groot
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben Ferwerda
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Recognition of Streptococcus pneumoniae and muramyl dipeptide by NOD2 results in potent induction of MMP-9, which can be controlled by lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Infect Immun 2014; 82:4952-8. [PMID: 25183734 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02150-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) is a protease involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix collagen. Evidence suggests that MMP-9 is involved in pathogenesis during Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. However, not much is known about the induction of MMP-9 and the regulatory processes involved. We show here that the Gram-positive bacteria used in this study induced large amounts of MMP-9, in contrast to the Gram-negative bacteria that were used. An important pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) for Gram-positive bacteria is muramyl dipeptide (MDP). MDP is a very potent inducer of MMP-9 and showed a dose-dependent MMP-9 induction. Experiments using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Crohn's disease patients with nonfunctional NOD2 showed that MMP-9 induction by Streptococcus pneumoniae and MDP is NOD2 dependent. Increasing amounts of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an important PAMP for Gram-negative bacteria, resulted in decreasing amounts of MMP-9. Moreover, the induction of MMP-9 by MDP could be counteracted by simultaneously adding LPS. The inhibition of MMP-9 expression by LPS was found to be regulated posttranscriptionally, independently of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), an endogenous inhibitor of MMP-9. Collectively, these data show that Streptococcus pneumoniae is able to induce large amounts of MMP-9. These high MMP-9 levels are potentially involved in Streptococcus pneumoniae pathogenesis.
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