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Kataki AD, Gupta PG, Cheema U, Nisbet A, Wang Y, Kocher HM, Pérez-Mancera PA, Velliou EG. Mapping Tumor-Stroma-ECM Interactions in Spatially Advanced 3D Models of Pancreatic Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:16708-16724. [PMID: 40052705 PMCID: PMC11931495 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2025] [Revised: 02/19/2025] [Accepted: 02/20/2025] [Indexed: 03/21/2025]
Abstract
Bioengineering-based in vitro tumor models are increasingly important as tools for studying disease progression and therapy response for many cancers, including the deadly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) that exhibits a tumor/tissue microenvironment of high cellular/biochemical complexity. Therefore, it is crucial for in vitro models to capture that complexity and to enable investigation of the interplay between cancer cells and factors such as extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins or stroma cells. Using polyurethane (PU) scaffolds, we performed a systematic study on how different ECM protein scaffold coatings impact the long-term cell evolution in scaffolds containing only cancer or only stroma cells (activated stellate and endothelial cells). To investigate potential further changes in those biomarkers due to cancer-stroma interactions, we mapped their expression in dual/zonal scaffolds consisting of a cancer core and a stroma periphery, spatially mimicking the fibrotic/desmoplastic reaction in PDAC. In our single scaffolds, we observed that the protein coating affected the cancer cell spatial aggregation, matrix deposition, and biomarker upregulation in a cell-line-dependent manner. In single stroma scaffolds, different levels of fibrosis/desmoplasia in terms of ECM composition/quantity were generated depending on the ECM coating. When studying the evolution of cancer and stroma cells in our dual/zonal model, biomarkers linked to cell aggressiveness/invasiveness were further upregulated by both cancer and stroma cells as compared to single scaffold models. Collectively, our study advances the understanding of how different ECM proteins impact the long-term cell evolution in PU scaffolds. Our findings show that within our bioengineered models, we can stimulate the cells of the PDAC microenvironment to develop different levels of aggressiveness/invasiveness, as well as different levels of fibrosis. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of considering spatial complexity to map cell invasion. Our work contributes to the design of in vitro models with variable, yet biomimetic, tissue-like properties for studying the tumor microenvironment's role in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Dimitra Kataki
- Centre
for 3D models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional
Science, University College London, London W1W 7TY, U.K.
| | - Priyanka G. Gupta
- Centre
for 3D models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional
Science, University College London, London W1W 7TY, U.K.
- School
of Life and Health Sciences, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, U.K.
| | - Umber Cheema
- Centre
for 3D models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional
Science, University College London, London W1W 7TY, U.K.
| | - Andrew Nisbet
- Department
of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Yaohe Wang
- Centre
for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, U.K.
| | - Hemant M. Kocher
- Centre
for Tumour Biology and Experimental Cancer Medicine, Barts Cancer
Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, U.K.
| | - Pedro A. Pérez-Mancera
- Department
of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, U.K.
| | - Eirini G. Velliou
- Centre
for 3D models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional
Science, University College London, London W1W 7TY, U.K.
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Bell ATF, Mitchell JT, Kiemen AL, Lyman M, Fujikura K, Lee JW, Coyne E, Shin SM, Nagaraj S, Deshpande A, Wu PH, Sidiropoulos DN, Erbe R, Stern J, Chan R, Williams S, Chell JM, Ciotti L, Zimmerman JW, Wirtz D, Ho WJ, Zaidi N, Thompson E, Jaffee EM, Wood LD, Fertig EJ, Kagohara LT. PanIN and CAF transitions in pancreatic carcinogenesis revealed with spatial data integration. Cell Syst 2024; 15:753-769.e5. [PMID: 39116880 PMCID: PMC11409191 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a new imaging, spatial transcriptomics (ST), and single-cell RNA-sequencing integration pipeline to characterize neoplastic cell state transitions during tumorigenesis. We applied a semi-supervised analysis pipeline to examine premalignant pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs) that can develop into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Their strict diagnosis on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples limited the single-cell characterization of human PanINs within their microenvironment. We leverage whole transcriptome FFPE ST to enable the study of a rare cohort of matched low-grade (LG) and high-grade (HG) PanIN lesions to track progression and map cellular phenotypes relative to single-cell PDAC datasets. We demonstrate that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), including antigen-presenting CAFs, are located close to PanINs. We further observed a transition from CAF-related inflammatory signaling to cellular proliferation during PanIN progression. We validate these findings with single-cell high-dimensional imaging proteomics and transcriptomics technologies. Altogether, our semi-supervised learning framework for spatial multi-omics has broad applicability across cancer types to decipher the spatiotemporal dynamics of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T F Bell
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacob T Mitchell
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Bloomberg Kimmel Immunology Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashley L Kiemen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melissa Lyman
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kohei Fujikura
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jae W Lee
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Bloomberg Kimmel Immunology Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin Coyne
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Bloomberg Kimmel Immunology Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah M Shin
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Bloomberg Kimmel Immunology Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sushma Nagaraj
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Atul Deshpande
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Bloomberg Kimmel Immunology Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dimitrios N Sidiropoulos
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Bloomberg Kimmel Immunology Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rossin Erbe
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Bloomberg Kimmel Immunology Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lauren Ciotti
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacquelyn W Zimmerman
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Bloomberg Kimmel Immunology Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Skip Viragh Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Won Jin Ho
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Bloomberg Kimmel Immunology Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Skip Viragh Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neeha Zaidi
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Bloomberg Kimmel Immunology Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Skip Viragh Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Thompson
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Skip Viragh Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Bloomberg Kimmel Immunology Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Skip Viragh Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura D Wood
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Skip Viragh Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Bloomberg Kimmel Immunology Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Skip Viragh Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Luciane T Kagohara
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Bloomberg Kimmel Immunology Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Skip Viragh Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Saleh O, Shihadeh H, Yousef A, Erekat H, Abdallh F, Al-Leimon A, Elsalhy R, Altiti A, Dajani M, AlBarakat MM. The Effect of Intratumor Heterogeneity in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression and Treatment. Pancreas 2024; 53:e450-e465. [PMID: 38728212 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies. Even though many substantial improvements in the survival rates for other major cancer forms were made, pancreatic cancer survival rates have remained relatively unchanged since the 1960s. Even more, no standard classification system for pancreatic cancer is based on cellular biomarkers. This review will discuss and provide updates about the role of stem cells in the progression of PC, the genetic changes associated with it, and the promising biomarkers for diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The search process used PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases to identify the relevant and related articles. Articles had to be published in English to be considered. RESULTS The increasing number of studies in recent years has revealed that the diversity of cancer-associated fibroblasts is far greater than previously acknowledged, which highlights the need for further research to better understand the various cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations. Despite the huge diversity in pancreatic cancer, some common features can be noted to be shared among patients. Mutations involving CDKN2, P53, and K-RAS can be seen in a big number of patients, for example. Similarly, some patterns of genes and biomarkers expression and the level of their expression can help in predicting cancer behavior such as metastasis and drug resistance. The current trend in cancer research, especially with the advancement in technology, is to sequence everything in hopes of finding disease-related mutations. CONCLUSION Optimizing pancreatic cancer treatment requires clear classification, understanding CAF roles, and exploring stroma reshaping approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Saleh
- From the Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa
| | | | | | - Hana Erekat
- School of medicine, University of Jordan, Amman
| | - Fatima Abdallh
- From the Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa
| | | | | | | | - Majd Dajani
- From the Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa
| | - Majd M AlBarakat
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Zheng C, Wang J, Wang J, Zhang Q, Liang T. Cell of Origin of Pancreatic cancer: Novel Findings and Current Understanding. Pancreas 2024; 53:e288-e297. [PMID: 38277420 PMCID: PMC11882172 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) stands as one of the most lethal diseases globally, boasting a grim 5-year survival prognosis. The origin cell and the molecular signaling pathways that drive PDAC progression are not entirely understood. This review comprehensively outlines the categorization of PDAC and its precursor lesions, expounds on the creation and utility of genetically engineered mouse models used in PDAC research, compiles a roster of commonly used markers for pancreatic progenitors, duct cells, and acinar cells, and briefly addresses the mechanisms involved in the progression of PDAC. We acknowledge the value of precise markers and suitable tracing tools to discern the cell of origin, as it can facilitate the creation of more effective models for PDAC exploration. These conclusions shed light on our existing understanding of foundational genetically engineered mouse models and focus on the origin and development of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlei Zheng
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Jianing Wang
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Junli Wang
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Qi Zhang
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
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Bodoque-Villar R, Padilla-Valverde D, González-López LM, Muñoz-Rodríguez JR, Arias-Pardilla J, Villar-Rodríguez C, Gómez-Romero FJ, Verdugo-Moreno G, Redondo-Calvo FJ, Serrano-Oviedo L. The importance of CXCR4 expression in tumor stroma as a potential biomarker in pancreatic cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:287. [PMID: 37697316 PMCID: PMC10496205 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the main causes of cancer mortality in the world. A characteristic feature of this cancer is that a large part of the tumor volume is composed of a stroma with different cells and factors. Among these, we can highlight the cytokines, which perform their function through binding to their receptors. Given the impact of the CXCR4 receptor in the interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment and its involvement in important signaling pathways in cancer, it is proposed as a very promising prognostic biomarker and as a goal for new targeted therapies. Numerous studies analyze the expression of CXCR4 but we suggest focusing on the expression of CXCR4 in the stroma. METHODS Expression of CXCR4 in specimens from 33 patients with PDAC was evaluated by immunohistochemistry techniques and matched with clinicopathological parameters, overall and disease-free survival rates. RESULTS The percentage of stroma was lower in non-tumor tissue (32.4 ± 5.2) than in tumor pancreatic tissue (67.4 ± 4.8), P-value = 0.001. The level of CXCR4 expression in stromal cells was diminished in non-tumor tissue (8.7 ± 4.6) and higher in tumor pancreatic tissue (23.5 ± 6.1), P-value = 0.022. No significant differences were identified in total cell count and inflammatory cells between non-tumor tissue and pancreatic tumor tissue. No association was observed between CXCR4 expression and any of the clinical or pathological data, overall and disease-free survival rates. Analyzing exclusively the stroma of tumor samples, the CXCR4 expression was associated with tumor differentiation, P-value = 0.05. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we reflect the importance of CXCR4 expression in the stroma of patients diagnosed with PDAC. Our results revealed a high CXCR4 expression in the tumor stroma, which is related to a poor tumor differentiation. On the contrary, we could not find an association between CXCR4 expression and survival and the rest of the clinicopathological variables. Focusing the study on the CXCR4 expression in the tumor stroma could generate more robust results. Therefore, we consider it key to develop more studies to enlighten the role of this receptor in PDAC and its implication as a possible biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Bodoque-Villar
- Traslational Investigation Unit, University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, SESCAM, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - David Padilla-Valverde
- Traslational Investigation Unit, University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, SESCAM, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Surgery, University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, SESCAM, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lucía María González-López
- Traslational Investigation Unit, University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, SESCAM, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Ciudad Real, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Pathology, University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, SESCAM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Ramón Muñoz-Rodríguez
- Traslational Investigation Unit, University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, SESCAM, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Ciudad Real, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Arias-Pardilla
- Traslational Investigation Unit, University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, SESCAM, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Clara Villar-Rodríguez
- Traslational Investigation Unit, University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, SESCAM, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Gómez-Romero
- Traslational Investigation Unit, University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, SESCAM, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Ciudad Real, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Gema Verdugo-Moreno
- Traslational Investigation Unit, University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, SESCAM, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Ciudad Real, Spain
- Head of Research, University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, SESCAM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Redondo-Calvo
- Traslational Investigation Unit, University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, SESCAM, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Ciudad Real, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Anesthesiology, University General Hospital of Ciudad Real SESCAM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Leticia Serrano-Oviedo
- Traslational Investigation Unit, University General Hospital of Ciudad Real, SESCAM, Ciudad Real, Spain.
- Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Ali SMA, Adnan Y, Ali SM, Ahmad Z, Chawla T, Farooqui HA. Immunohistochemical analysis of a panel of cancer stem cell markers and potential therapeutic markers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:2279-2292. [PMID: 36066622 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic malignancies. It is known for its aggressive nature and high mortality rate. This calls for an urgent need of new prognostic and therapeutic markers that can be targeted for personalized treatment of the patient. METHODS Among 142 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancers at Aga Khan University Hospital, a total of 62 patients were selected based on their confirmed diagnosis of PDAC. Immunohistochemistry was performed on Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) sections using selected antibodies (CD44, CD133, L1CAM, HER2, PD-L1, EGFR, COX2 and cyclin D1). All the slides were scored independently by two pathologists as per the set criteria. RESULTS Expression of all cancer stem cell markers was found to be significantly associated with one or more potential therapeutic markers. CD44 expression was significantly associated with HER2 (p = 0.032), COX2 (p = 0.005) and EGFR expression (p = 0.008). CD133 expression also showed significant association with HER2 (p = 0.036), COX2 (p = 0.004) and EGFR expression (p = 0.018). L1CAM expression was found to be associated with expression of COX2 (p = 0.017). None of the proteins markers showed association with overall survival of the patient. On the other hand, among the clinicopathological characteristics, histological differentiation (p = 0.047), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.021) and perineural invasion (p = 0.014) were found to be significantly associated with patient's overall survival. CONCLUSION Internationally, this is the first report that assesses the selected panel of cancer stem cell markers and potential therapeutic targets in a single study and evaluates its combined expression. The study clearly demonstrates association between expression of cancer stem cell markers and therapeutic targets hence paves a way for precision medicine for pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Adnan Ali
- Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
| | - Yumna Adnan
- Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Saleema Mehboob Ali
- Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Tabish Chawla
- Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
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Palma AM, Bushnell GG, Wicha MS, Gogna R. Tumor microenvironment interactions with cancer stem cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 159:343-372. [PMID: 37268400 PMCID: PMC11218813 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer in the United States. Additionally, the low survival rate makes PDAC the third-leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States, and it is projected that by 2030, it will become the second-leading cause of cancer mortality. Several biological factors contribute to PDAC aggressiveness, and their understanding will narrow the gap from biology to clinical care of PDAC, leading to earlier diagnoses and the development of better treatment options. In this review, we describe the origins of PDAC highlighting the role of cancer stem cells (CSC). CSC, also known as tumor initiating cells, which exhibit a unique metabolism that allows them to maintain a highly plastic, quiescent, immune- and therapy-evasive state. However, CSCs can exit quiescence during proliferation and differentiation, with the capacity to form tumors while constituting a small population in tumor tissues. Tumorigenesis depends on the interactions between CSCs and other cellular and non-cellular components in the microenvironment. These interactions are fundamental to support CSC stemness and are maintained throughout tumor development and metastasis. PDAC is characterized by a massive desmoplastic reaction, which result from the deposition of high amounts of extracellular matrix components by stromal cells. Here we review how this generates a favorable environment for tumor growth by protecting tumor cells from immune responses and chemotherapy and inducing tumor cell proliferation and migration, leading to metastasis formation ultimately leading to death. We emphasize the interactions between CSCs and the tumor microenvironment leading to metastasis formation and posit that better understanding and targeting of these interactions will improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grace G Bushnell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Max S Wicha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Rajan Gogna
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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8
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Bubin R, Uljanovs R, Strumfa I. Cancer Stem Cells in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087030. [PMID: 37108193 PMCID: PMC10138709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The first discovery of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in leukaemia triggered active research on stemness in neoplastic tissues. CSCs represent a subpopulation of malignant cells, defined by unique properties: a dedifferentiated state, self-renewal, pluripotency, an inherent resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy, the presence of certain epigenetic alterations, as well as a higher tumorigenicity in comparison with the general population of cancer cells. A combination of these features highlights CSCs as a high-priority target during cancer treatment. The presence of CSCs has been confirmed in multiple malignancies, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, an entity that is well known for its dismal prognosis. As the aggressive course of pancreatic carcinoma is partly attributable to treatment resistance, CSCs could contribute to adverse outcomes. The aim of this review is to summarize the current information regarding the markers and molecular features of CSCs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and the therapeutic options to remove them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bubin
- Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Romans Uljanovs
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Strumfa
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
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9
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Eptaminitaki GC, Zaravinos A, Stellas D, Panagopoulou M, Karaliota S, Baltsavia I, Iliopoulos I, Chatzaki E, Iliopoulos D, Baritaki S. Genome-Wide Analysis of lncRNA-mRNA Co-Expression Networks in CD133+/CD44+ Stem-like PDAC Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041053. [PMID: 36831395 PMCID: PMC9954787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the second most prevalent gastrointestinal malignancy and the most common type of pancreatic cancer is linked with poor prognosis and, eventually, with high mortality rates. Early detection is seldom, while tumor heterogeneity and microarchitectural alterations benefit PDAC resistance to conventional therapeutics. Although emerging evidence suggest the core role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in PDAC aggressiveness, unique stem signatures are poorly available, thus limiting the efforts of anti-CSC-targeted therapy. Herein, we report the findings of the first genome-wide analyses of mRNA/lncRNA transcriptome profiling and co-expression networks in PDAC cell line-derived CD133+/CD44+ cells, which were shown to bear a CSC-like phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Compared to CD133-/CD44- cells, the CD133+/CD44+ population demonstrated significant expression differences in both transcript pools. Using emerging bioinformatic tools, we performed lncRNA target coding gene prediction analysis, which revealed significant Gene Ontology (GO), pathway, and network enrichments in many dyregulated lncRNA nearby (cis or trans) mRNAs, with reported involvement in the regulation of CSC phenotype and functions. In this context, the construction of lncRNA/mRNA networks by ingenuity platforms identified the lncRNAs ATF2, CHEK1, DCAF8, and PAX8 to interact with "hub" SC-associated mRNAs. In addition, the expressions of the above lncRNAs retrieved by TCGA-normalized RNAseq gene expression data of PAAD were significantly correlated with clinicopathological features of PDAC, including tumor grade and stage, nodal metastasis, and overall survival. Overall, our findings shed light on the identification of CSC-specific lncRNA signatures with potential prognostic and therapeutic significance in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giasemi C. Eptaminitaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Cancer Genetics, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Dimitris Stellas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Panagopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sevasti Karaliota
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ismini Baltsavia
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Division of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioannis Iliopoulos
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Division of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ekaterini Chatzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Stavroula Baritaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-281-039-4727
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10
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Li M, Ding W, Wang Y, Ma Y, Du F. Development and validation of a gene signature for pancreatic cancer: based on inflammatory response-related genes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:17166-17178. [PMID: 36192587 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23252-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world with a poor prognosis. There were limited studies investigating the genetic signatures associated with inflammatory responses, tumor microenvironment (TME), and tumor drug sensitivity prediction. In the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, we constructed an inflammatory response-related genes prognostic signature for PC, and predictive ability of the model was assessed via the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database. Then, we explored the differences of TME, immune checkpoint genes and drug resistance genes, and the cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs between different risk score group. Based on the TCGA and ICGC databases, we constructed and validated a prognostic model, which consisted of 5 genes (including AHR, F3, GNA15, IL18, and INHBA). Moreover, the prognostic model was independent prognostic factors affecting overall survival (OS). The low-risk score group had better OS, and lower stromal score, compared with patients in the high-risk score group. The difference of antigen-presenting cells, T cell regulation, and drug resistance genes between different risk score groups was found. In addition, the immune checkpoint genes were positively correlation to risk score. The expression levels of AHR, GNA15, IL18, and INHBA were related to the sensitivity of anti-tumor chemotherapy drugs. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed significant pathway such as calcium signaling pathway and p53 signaling pathway. We successfully constructed a 5-inflammatory response-related gene signature to predict survival, TME, and cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs in PC patients. Furthermore, substantiation was warranted to verify the role of these genes in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjiang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151 of Guangwen Street, Weifang, 261041, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151 of Guangwen Street, Weifang, 261041, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151 of Guangwen Street, Weifang, 261041, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbiao Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151 of Guangwen Street, Weifang, 261041, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Futian Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151 of Guangwen Street, Weifang, 261041, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Roberto M, Arrivi G, Di Civita MA, Barchiesi G, Pilozzi E, Marchetti P, Santini D, Mazzuca F, Tomao S. The role of CXCL12 axis in pancreatic cancer: New biomarkers and potential targets. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1154581. [PMID: 37035150 PMCID: PMC10076769 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1154581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chemokines are small, secreted peptides involved in the mediation of the immune cell recruitment. Chemokines have been implicated in several diseases including autoimmune diseases, viral infections and also played a critical role in the genesis and development of several malignant tumors. CXCL12 is a homeostatic CXC chemokine involved in the process of proliferation, and tumor spread. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive tumors, that is still lacking effective therapies and with a dramatically poor prognosis. Method We conducted a scientific literature search on Pubmed and Google Scholar including retrospective, prospective studies and reviews focused on the current research elucidating the emerging role of CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4 - CXCR7 in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. Results Considering the mechanism of immunomodulation of the CXCL12-CXCR4-CXCR7 axis, as well as the potential interaction with the microenvironment in the PDAC, several combined therapeutic approaches have been studied and developed, to overcome the "cold" immunological setting of PDAC, like combining CXCL12 axis inhibitors with anti PD-1/PDL1 drugs. Conclusion Understanding the role of this chemokine's axis in disease initiation and progression may provide the basis for developing new potential biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for related pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Roberto
- Oncology Unit (UOC) Oncologia A, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anathomo-patological Science, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Arrivi
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’ Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Alberto Di Civita
- Oncology Unit (UOC) Oncologia A, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anathomo-patological Science, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Mattia Alberto Di Civita,
| | - Giacomo Barchiesi
- Oncology Unit (UOC) Oncologia A, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anathomo-patological Science, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pilozzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Anatomia Patologica Unit, Sant’ Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- Oncology Unit (UOC) Oncologia A, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anathomo-patological Science, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Mazzuca
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’ Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silverio Tomao
- Oncology Unit (UOC) Oncologia A, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anathomo-patological Science, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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12
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Shichi Y, Gomi F, Sasaki N, Nonaka K, Arai T, Ishiwata T. Epithelial and Mesenchymal Features of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines in Two- and Three-Dimensional Cultures. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050746. [PMID: 35629168 PMCID: PMC9146102 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an intractable cancer that is difficult to diagnose early, and there is no cure other than surgery. PDAC is classified as an adenocarcinoma that has limited effective anticancer drug and molecular-targeted therapies compared to adenocarcinoma found in other organs. A large number of cancer cell lines have been established from patients with PDAC that have different genetic abnormalities, including four driver genes; however, little is known about the differences in biological behaviors among these cell lines. Recent studies have shown that PDAC cell lines can be divided into epithelial and mesenchymal cell lines. In 3D cultures, morphological and functional differences between epithelial and mesenchymal PDAC cell lines were observed as well as the drug effects of different anticancer drugs. These effects included gemcitabine causing an increased growth inhibition of epithelial PDAC cells, while nab-paclitaxel caused greater mesenchymal PDAC cell inhibition. Thus, examining the characteristics of epithelial or mesenchymal PDAC cells with stromal cells using a 3D co-culture may lead to the development of new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Shichi
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; (Y.S.); (F.G.); (K.N.)
| | - Fujiya Gomi
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; (Y.S.); (F.G.); (K.N.)
| | - Norihiko Sasaki
- Research Team for Geriatric Medicine (Vascular Medicine), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan;
| | - Keisuke Nonaka
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; (Y.S.); (F.G.); (K.N.)
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan;
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; (Y.S.); (F.G.); (K.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3964-1141 (ext. 4414)
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13
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Gp130-Mediated STAT3 Activation Contributes to the Aggressiveness of Pancreatic Cancer through H19 Long Non-Coding RNA Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092055. [PMID: 35565185 PMCID: PMC9100112 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation correlate with the aggressiveness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We demonstrated that the autocrine/paracrine interleukin-6 (IL-6) or leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)/glycoprotein 130 (gp130)/STAT3 pathway contributes to the maintenance of stemness features and membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) expression, and modulates transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad signaling-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion through regulation of TGFβ-RII expression in PDAC cancer stem cell (CSC)-like cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that p-STAT3 acts through the IL-6 or LIF/gp130/STAT3 pathway to access the active promoter region of metastasis-related long non-coding RNA H19 and contribute to its transcription in CSC-like cells. Therefore, the autocrine/paracrine IL-6 or LIF/gp130/STAT3 pathway in PDAC CSC-like cells exhibiting H19 expression is considered to be involved in the aggressiveness of PDAC, and inhibition of the gp130/STAT3 pathway is a promising strategy to target CSCs for the elimination of PDAC (146/150). Abstract Signaling pathways involving signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) play key roles in the aggressiveness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), including their tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been correlated with PDAC aggressiveness, and activation of STAT3 is involved in the regulation of CSC properties. Here, we investigated the involvement of interleukin-6 (IL-6) or the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)/glycoprotein 130 (gp130)/STAT3 pathway and their role in pancreatic CSCs. In PDAC CSC-like cells formed by culturing on a low attachment plate, autocrine/paracrine IL-6 or LIF contributes to gp130/STAT3 pathway activation. Using a gp130 inhibitor, we determined that the gp130/STAT3 pathway contributes to the maintenance of stemness features, the expression of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), and the invasion of PDAC CSC-like cells. The gp130/STAT3 pathway also modulates the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad pathway required for epithelial-mesenchymal transition induction through regulation of TGFβ-RII expression in PDAC CSC-like cells. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that p-STAT3 can access the active promoter region of H19 to influence this metastasis-related long non-coding RNA and contribute to its transcription in PDAC CSC-like cells. Therefore, the autocrine/paracrine IL-6 or LIF/gp130/STAT3 pathway in PDAC CSC-like cells may eventually facilitate invasion and metastasis, two hallmarks of malignancy. We propose that inhibition of the gp130/STAT3 pathway provides a promising strategy for targeting CSCs for the treatment of PDAC.
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14
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microRNA-21 Regulates Stemness in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031275. [PMID: 35163198 PMCID: PMC8835847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common and aggressive type of pancreatic cancer (PCa) with a low survival rate. microRNAs (miRs) are endogenous, non-coding RNAs that moderate numerous biological processes. miRs have been associated with the chemoresistance and metastasis of PDAC and the presence of a subpopulation of highly plastic "stem"-like cells within the tumor, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this study, we investigated the role of miR-21, which is highly expressed in Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2 PDAC cells in association with CSCs. Following miR-21 knockouts (KO) from both MiaPaCa-2 and Panc-1 cell lines, reversed expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and CSCs markers were observed. The expression patterns of key CSC markers, including CD44, CD133, CX-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), and aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1), were changed depending on miR-21 status. miR-21 (KO) suppressed cellular invasion of Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2 cells, as well as the cellular proliferation of MiaPaCa-2 cells. Our data suggest that miR-21 is involved in the stemness of PDAC cells, may play roles in mesenchymal transition, and that miR-21 poses as a novel, functional biomarker for PDAC aggressiveness.
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15
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Lodestijn SC, Miedema DM, Lenos KJ, Nijman LE, Belt SC, El Makrini K, Lecca MC, Waasdorp C, van den Bosch T, Bijlsma MF, Vermeulen L. Marker-free lineage tracing reveals an environment-instructed clonogenic hierarchy in pancreatic cancer. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109852. [PMID: 34686335 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective treatments for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are lacking, and targeted agents have demonstrated limited efficacy. It has been speculated that a rare population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) drives growth, therapy resistance, and rapid metastatic progression in PDAC. These CSCs demonstrate high clonogenicity in vitro and tumorigenic potential in vivo. However, their relevance in established PDAC tissue has not been determined. Here, we use marker-independent stochastic clonal labeling, combined with quantitative modeling of tumor expansion, to uncover PDAC tissue growth dynamics. We find that in contrast to the CSC model, all PDAC cells display clonogenic potential in situ. Furthermore, the proximity to activated cancer-associated fibroblasts determines tumor cell clonogenicity. This means that the microenvironment is dominant in defining the clonogenic activity of PDAC cells. Indeed, manipulating the stroma by Hedgehog pathway inhibition alters the tumor growth mode, revealing that tumor-stroma crosstalk shapes tumor growth dynamics and clonal architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C Lodestijn
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniël M Miedema
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kristiaan J Lenos
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lisanne E Nijman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia C Belt
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Khalid El Makrini
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria C Lecca
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cynthia Waasdorp
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van den Bosch
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Gene Expression in Pancreatic Cancer-Like Cells and Induced Pancreatic Stem Cells Generated by Transient Overexpression of Reprogramming Factors. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030454. [PMID: 33504014 PMCID: PMC7865593 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that transient overexpression of reprogramming factors can be used to generate induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, induced tissue-specific stem (iTS) cells, and fibroblast-like (iF) cells from pancreatic tissue. iF cells have tumorigenic ability and behave similarly to pancreatic cancer cells. In this study, we analyzed gene expression in iF cells and iTS-P cells (iTS cells from pancreatic tissue) via microarray analysis and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression levels of the Mybl2 and Lyn genes, which are reported to be oncogenes, were significantly higher in iF cells than in iTS-P cells. The expression level of Nestin, which is expressed in not only pancreatic progenitor cells but also pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, was also higher in iF cells than in iTS-P cells. Itgb6 and Fgf13, which are involved in the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer, exhibited higher expression levels in iF cells than in iTS-P cells. Unexpectedly, the expression levels of genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), except Bmp4, were lower in iF cells than in iTS-P cells. These data suggest that the Mybl2, Lyn, Nestin, Itgb6, and Fgf13 genes could be important biomarkers to distinguish iTS-P cells from iF cells.
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17
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Maruno T, Fukuda A, Goto N, Tsuda M, Ikuta K, Hiramatsu Y, Ogawa S, Nakanishi Y, Yamaga Y, Yoshioka T, Takaori K, Uemoto S, Saur D, Chiba T, Seno H. Visualization of stem cell activity in pancreatic cancer expansion by direct lineage tracing with live imaging. eLife 2021; 10:55117. [PMID: 33393460 PMCID: PMC7800378 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease. Although rigorous efforts identified the presence of 'cancer stem cells (CSCs)' in PDAC and molecular markers for them, stem cell dynamics in vivo have not been clearly demonstrated. Here we focused on Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (Dclk1), known as a CSC marker of PDAC. Using genetic lineage tracing with a dual-recombinase system and live imaging, we showed that Dclk1+ tumor cells continuously provided progeny cells within pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, primary and metastatic PDAC, and PDAC-derived spheroids in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, genes associated with CSC and epithelial mesenchymal transition were enriched in mouse Dclk1+ and human DCLK1-high PDAC cells. Thus, we provided direct functional evidence for the stem cell activity of Dclk1+ cells in vivo, revealing the essential roles of Dclk1+ cells in expansion of pancreatic neoplasia in all progressive stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Maruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihisa Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norihiro Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Tsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kozo Ikuta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hiramatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuto Yoshioka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Takaori
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Dieter Saur
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tsutomu Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Fukushima-ku Osaka-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Forciniti S, Dalla Pozza E, Greco MR, Amaral Carvalho TM, Rolando B, Ambrosini G, Carmona-Carmona CA, Pacchiana R, Di Molfetta D, Donadelli M, Arpicco S, Palmieri M, Reshkin SJ, Dando I, Cardone RA. Extracellular Matrix Composition Modulates the Responsiveness of Differentiated and Stem Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Lipophilic Derivate of Gemcitabine. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010029. [PMID: 33375106 PMCID: PMC7792955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease. Gemcitabine (GEM) is used as the gold standard drug in PDAC treatment. However, due to its poor efficacy, it remains urgent to identify novel strategies to overcome resistance issues. In this context, an intense stroma reaction and the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been shown to influence PDAC aggressiveness, metastatic potential, and chemoresistance. METHODS We used three-dimensional (3D) organotypic cultures grown on an extracellular matrix composed of Matrigel or collagen I to test the effect of the new potential therapeutic prodrug 4-(N)-stearoyl-GEM, called C18GEM. We analyzed C18GEM cytotoxic activity, intracellular uptake, apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy induction in both Panc1 cell line (P) and their derived CSCs. RESULTS PDAC CSCs show higher sensitivity to C18GEM treatment when cultured in both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D conditions, especially on collagen I, in comparison to GEM. The intracellular uptake mechanisms of C18GEM are mainly due to membrane nucleoside transporters' expression and fatty acid translocase CD36 in Panc1 P cells and to clathrin-mediated endocytosis and CD36 in Panc1 CSCs. Furthermore, C18GEM induces an increase in cell death compared to GEM in both cell lines grown on 2D and 3D cultures. Finally, C18GEM stimulated protective autophagy in Panc1 P and CSCs cultured on 3D conditions. CONCLUSION We propose C18GEM together with autophagy inhibitors as a valid alternative therapeutic approach in PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Forciniti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.F.); (E.D.P.); (G.A.); (C.A.C.-C.); (R.P.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Department of Gastroenterology-Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Dalla Pozza
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.F.); (E.D.P.); (G.A.); (C.A.C.-C.); (R.P.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Raffaella Greco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.R.G.); (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (S.J.R.); (R.A.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Tiago Miguel Amaral Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.R.G.); (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (S.J.R.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (B.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Giulia Ambrosini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.F.); (E.D.P.); (G.A.); (C.A.C.-C.); (R.P.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Cristian Andres Carmona-Carmona
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.F.); (E.D.P.); (G.A.); (C.A.C.-C.); (R.P.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.F.); (E.D.P.); (G.A.); (C.A.C.-C.); (R.P.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Daria Di Molfetta
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.R.G.); (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (S.J.R.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.F.); (E.D.P.); (G.A.); (C.A.C.-C.); (R.P.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (B.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Marta Palmieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.F.); (E.D.P.); (G.A.); (C.A.C.-C.); (R.P.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Stephan Joel Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.R.G.); (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (S.J.R.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Ilaria Dando
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.F.); (E.D.P.); (G.A.); (C.A.C.-C.); (R.P.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.R.G.); (T.M.A.C.); (D.D.M.); (S.J.R.); (R.A.C.)
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19
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Abstract
Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC), containing both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma components, is rare in the digestive system. Limited data is available on ASC of the digestive system (AS-ASC), and the current evidence is available mainly in the form of case reports and case series. We performed a thorough search of the available literature and compiled a review on the epidemiology, histopathology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of AS-ASC. Non-specific clinical and imaging presentations and low diagnostic accuracy of biopsy lead to difficulties in preoperative diagnosis in a high proportion of patients and high malignancy. The pathogenesis remains obscure. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for AS-ASC. The role of chemoradiotherapy as an adjuvant treatment is still inconclusive. Key messages Metastatic linings and the lack of efficacious treatments lead to an unfavorable outcome in AS-ASC patients. Further research could help us understand the pathophysiology of AS-ASCand the unique needs of AS-ASC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Shuai Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Li Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chengdu Shangjinnanfu Hospital, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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20
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Tawfik D, Zaccagnino A, Bernt A, Szczepanowski M, Klapper W, Schwab A, Kalthoff H, Trauzold A. The A818-6 system as an in-vitro model for studying the role of the transportome in pancreatic cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:264. [PMID: 32228510 PMCID: PMC7106758 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06773-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The human pancreatic cancer cell line A818–6 can be grown in vitro either as a highly malignant, undifferentiated monolayer (ML) or as three-dimensional (3D) single layer hollow spheres (HS) simulating a benign, highly differentiated, duct-like pancreatic epithelial structure. This characteristic allowing A818–6 cells to switch from one phenotype to another makes these cells a unique system to characterize the cellular and molecular modifications during differentiation on one hand and malignant transformation on the other hand. Ion channels and transport proteins (transportome) have been implicated in malignant transformation. Therefore, the current study aimed to analyse the transportome gene expression profile in the A818–6 cells growing as a monolayer or as hollow spheres. Methods & Results The study identified the differentially expressed transportome genes in both cellular states of A818–6 using Agilent and Nanostring arrays and some targets were validated via immunoblotting. Additionally, these results were compared to a tissue Affymetrix microarray analysis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients’ tissues. The overall transcriptional profile of the ML and HS cells confirmed the formerly described mesenchymal features of ML and epithelial nature of HS which was further verified via high expression of E-cadherin and low expression of vimentin found in HS in comparison to ML. Among the predicted features between HS and ML was the involvement of miRNA-9 in this switch. Importantly, the bioinformatics analysis also revealed substantial number (n = 126) of altered transportome genes. Interestingly, three genes upregulated in PDAC tissue samples (GJB2, GJB5 and SLC38A6) were found to be also upregulated in ML and 3 down-regulated transportome genes (KCNQ1, TRPV6 and SLC4A) were also reduced in ML. Conclusion This reversible HS/ML in vitro system might help in understanding the pathophysiological impact of the transportome in the dedifferentiation process in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the HS/ML model represents a novel system for studying the role of the transportome during the switch from a more benign, differentiated (HS) to a highly malignant, undifferentiated (ML) phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Tawfik
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Angela Zaccagnino
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Bernt
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Monika Szczepanowski
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, UKSH, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Institute of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, UKSH, Kiel, Germany
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Holger Kalthoff
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Trauzold
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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21
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Alshenawy HA. Significance of Expression of Cancer Stem Cell Markers CD133 and Nestin in Pancreatic Intraepithelial Carcinoma-invasive Adenocarcinoma Sequence. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 28:205-212. [PMID: 32197003 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies and one of the most leading causes of cancer related deaths. It has a very poor prognosis with high recurrence rate. We investigated the expression of CSC markers (CD133 and nestin) in 100 patients [30 pancreatic intraepithelial tumor cases (PanIN) and 70 PDAC cases] and correlate the expression levels of these markers with clinicopathological data with the aid of Ki67 expression. Our findings showed that both cancer stem markers are related to the grade, stage, metastasis of PDAC and to the grade of PanIN cases and revealed that both markers are associated with PanIN-PDAC sequence with inverse relation between them. Both markers may contribute to proliferation, differentiation, invasiveness, and histologic types of PDAC. Sothey may also be useful for developing new therapeutic modalities for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan A Alshenawy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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22
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Schröter P, Hartmann L, Osen W, Baumann D, Offringa R, Eisel D, Debus J, Eichmüller SB, Rieken S. Radiation-induced alterations in immunogenicity of a murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line. Sci Rep 2020; 10:686. [PMID: 31959787 PMCID: PMC6971029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is highlighted by resistance to radiotherapy with the possible exception of hypofractionated irradiation. As single photon doses were reported to increase immunogenicity, we investigated dose-dependent irradiation effects on clonogenic survival, expression of immunologically relevant cell surface molecules and susceptibility to cytotoxic T cell (CTL) mediated killing using a murine PDA cell line. Clonogenicity decreased in a dose-responsive manner showing enhanced radioresistance at single photon doses below 5 Gy. Cell cycle analysis revealed a predominant G2/M arrest, being most pronounced 12 h after irradiation. Polyploidy increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner reaching a maximum frequency 60 h following irradiation with 10 Gy. Irradiation increased surface expression of MHC class I molecules and of immunological checkpoint molecules PDL-1 and CD73, especially at doses ≥ 5 Gy, but not of MHC class II molecules and CXCR4 receptors. Cytotoxicity assays revealed increased CTL lysis of PDA cells at doses ≥ 5 Gy. For the PDA cell line investigated, our data show for the first time that single photon doses ≥ 5 Gy effectively inhibit colony formation and induce a G2/M cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, expression levels of immunomodulatory cell surface molecules became altered possibly enhancing the susceptibility of tumour cells to CTL lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schröter
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Research Group GMP & T Cell Therapy, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Research Group GMP & T Cell Therapy, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Osen
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Research Group GMP & T Cell Therapy, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Baumann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Surgery, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rienk Offringa
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Surgery, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Eisel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Research Group GMP & T Cell Therapy, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan B Eichmüller
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Research Group GMP & T Cell Therapy, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Rieken
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Hsu CC, Liao WY, Chan TS, Chen WY, Lee CT, Shan YS, Huang PJ, Hou YC, Li CR, Tsai KK. The differential distributions of ASPM isoforms and their roles in Wnt signaling, cell cycle progression, and pancreatic cancer prognosis. J Pathol 2019; 249:498-508. [PMID: 31465125 PMCID: PMC6899738 DOI: 10.1002/path.5341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive and treatment‐resistant malignancy. The lack of pathway‐informed biomarkers hampers the development of rational diagnostics or therapies. Recently, the protein abnormal spindle‐like microcephaly‐associated (ASPM) was identified as a novel Wnt and stemness regulator in PDAC, while the pathogenic roles of its protein isoforms remain unclarified. We developed novel isoform‐specific antibodies and genetic knockdown (KD) of putative ASPM isoforms, whereby we uncovered that the levels of ASPM isoform 1 (iI) and ASPM‐iII are variably upregulated in PDAC cells. ASPM isoforms show remarkably different subcellular locations; specifically, ASPM‐iI is exclusively localized to the cortical cytoplasm of PDAC cells, while ASPM‐iII is predominantly expressed in cell nuclei. Mechanistically, ASPM‐iI co‐localizes with disheveled‐2 and active β‐catenin as well as the stemness marker aldehyde dehydrogenase‐1 (ALDH‐1), and its expression is indispensable for the Wnt activity, stemness, and the tumorigenicity of PDAC cells. By contrast, ASPM‐iII selectively regulates the expression level of cyclin E and cell cycle progression in PDAC cells. The expression of ASPM‐iI and ASPM‐iII displays considerable intratumoral heterogeneity in PDAC tissues and only that of ASPM‐iI was prognostically significant; it outperformed ALDH‐1 staining and clinico‐pathological variables in a multivariant analysis. Collectively, the distinct expression patterns and biological functions of ASPM isoforms may illuminate novel molecular mechanisms and prognosticators in PDAC and may pave the way for the development of therapies targeting this novel oncoprotein. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chi Hsu
- Laboratory of Advanced Molecular Therapeutics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Liao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Sian Chan
- Laboratory of Advanced Molecular Therapeutics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Integrative Therapy Center for Gastroenterologic Cancers, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ta Lee
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jui Huang
- Laboratory of Advanced Molecular Therapeutics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Integrative Therapy Center for Gastroenterologic Cancers, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chin Hou
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rong Li
- Department of Teaching and Research, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kelvin K Tsai
- Laboratory of Advanced Molecular Therapeutics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Integrative Therapy Center for Gastroenterologic Cancers, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes (NHRIs), Zhunan, Taiwan
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24
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Kajtazi Y, Kaemmerer D, Sänger J, Schulz S, Lupp A. Somatostatin and chemokine CXCR4 receptor expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma relative to pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:2481-2493. [PMID: 31451931 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) represents one of the most fatal types of cancer with an exceptionally poor prognosis, underscoring the need for improved diagnostic and treatment approaches. An over-expression of somatostatin receptors (SST) as well as of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been shown for many tumour entities. Respective expression data for PAC, however, are scarce and contradictory. METHODS Overall, 137 tumour samples from 70 patients, 26 of whom were diagnosed with PAC and 44 with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (PanNET), were compared in terms of SST and CXCR4 expression by immunohistochemical analysis using well-characterized rabbit monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS Only SST1 and CXCR4 expression was detected in PAC tumours, with SST1 present in 42.3% and CXCR4 in 7.7% of cases. However, the overall staining intensity was very weak. In contrast to the tumour cells, in many PAC cases, tumour capillaries exhibited strong SST3, SST5, or CXCR4 expression. In PanNETs, SST2 was the most-prominently expressed receptor, observed in 75.0% of the tumours at medium-strong intensity. SST5, SST1, and CXCR4 expression was detected in 20.5%, 15.9%, and 11.4% of PanNET cases, respectively, but the staining intensity was only weak. SST2 positivity in PanNET, but not in PAC, was associated with favourable patient outcomes. CONCLUSIONS SST or CXCR4 expression in PAC is clearly of no therapeutic relevance. However, indirect targeting of these tumours via SST3, SST5, or CXCR4 on tumour microvessels may represent a promising additional therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylberta Kajtazi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Kaemmerer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Jörg Sänger
- Laboratory of Pathology and Cytology Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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25
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Huai Y, Zhang Y, Xiong X, Das S, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Gold Nanoparticles sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. Cell Stress 2019; 3:267-279. [PMID: 31440741 PMCID: PMC6702449 DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.08.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest solid cancers with dismal prognosis. Several mechanisms that are mainly responsible for aggressiveness and therapy resistance of PDAC cells include epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness and Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling. Strategies that inhibit these mechanisms are critically important to improve therapeutic outcome in PDAC. In the current study, we wanted to investigate whether gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine. We demonstrated that treatment with AuNPs of 20 nm diameter inhibited migration and colony forming ability of pancreatic cancer cells. Pre-treatment with AuNPs sensitized pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine in both viability and colony forming assays. Mechanistically, pre-treatment of pancreatic cancer cells with AuNPs decreased gemcitabine induced EMT, stemness and MAPK activation. Taken together, these findings suggest that AuNPs could be considered as a potential agent to sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Huai
- Department of Pathology, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Yushan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Xunhao Xiong
- Department of Pathology, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Shamik Das
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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26
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Clinicopathological significance and prognostic role of chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, a meta-analysis and literature review. Int J Surg 2019; 65:32-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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Matsuda Y, Esaka S, Suzuki A, Hamashima Y, Imaizumi M, Matsukawa M, Fujii Y, Aida J, Takubo K, Ishiwata T, Nishimura M, Arai T. Abnormal immunolabelling of SMAD4 in cell block specimens to distinguish malignant and benign pancreatic cells. Cytopathology 2018; 30:201-208. [PMID: 30421464 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis of malignant and benign pancreatic lesions can be challenging, especially with endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) samples that are small and/or degraded. In the present study, we determined how to best evaluate abnormal SMAD4 expression by immunohistochemical staining on cell block specimens from EUS-FNA samples. RESULTS In surgically resected pancreas, when abnormal SMAD4 immunolabelling was evaluated as negative SMAD4 expression, the sensitivity was low (33%), but when it was evaluated as decreased SMAD4 expression, the sensitivity improved (53%). Specificity and positive predictive value were high for both evaluations. There were no false-positive cases. In cell block specimens, decreased SMAD4 expression showed 47% sensitivity and 72% specificity, while negative SMAD4 expression showed lower sensitivity (20%) and higher specificity (100%). Both evaluations in cell block specimens showed lower sensitivity and specificity compared to resected specimens. False-positive and -negative rates were higher for cell blocks than for resected specimens. CONCLUSIONS Decreased SMAD4 immunolabelling provided improved sensitivity as compared to negative SMAD4 immunolabelling; therefore, it is important to compare SMAD4 expression in a sample to its expression in normal cells. Abnormal SMAD4 labelling showed low sensitivity and high specificity; therefore, SMAD4 staining using EUS-FNA samples might be helpful to detect malignancies that possess SMAD4 gene abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsuda
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shikine Esaka
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akemi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Hamashima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Imaizumi
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Matsukawa
- Department of Endoscopy, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujii
- Department of Endoscopy, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Aida
- Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaiyo Takubo
- Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishimura
- Department of Endoscopy, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Ishiwata T, Matsuda Y, Yoshimura H, Sasaki N, Ishiwata S, Ishikawa N, Takubo K, Arai T, Aida J. Pancreatic cancer stem cells: features and detection methods. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 24:797-805. [PMID: 29948612 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with a high incidence of distant metastasis and recurrence. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are pluripotent, self-renewable, and capable of forming tumors, contribute to PDAC initiation and metastasis and are responsible for resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. Three types of experimental methods are commonly used to identify CSCs: CSC-specific marker detection, a sphere-formation assay that reveals cell proliferation under non-adherent conditions, and detection of side-population (SP) cells that possess high intracellular-to-extracellular pump functions. Several CSC-specific markers have been reported in PDACs, including CD133, CD24, CD44, CXCR4, EpCAM, ABCG2, c-Met, ALDH-1, and nestin. There remains controversy regarding which markers are specific to PDAC CSCs and which are expressed alone or in combination in CSCs. Examining characteristics of isolated CSCs and discovering CSC-specific treatment options are important to improve the prognosis of PDAC cases. This review summarizes CSC-detection methods for PDAC, including CSC-marker detection, the sphere-formation assay, and detection of SP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Yoko Matsuda
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, 180-0022, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sasaki
- Research Team for Geriatric Medicine (Vascular Medicine), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Shunji Ishiwata
- Division of Medical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Naoshi Ishikawa
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kaiyo Takubo
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Junko Aida
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
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29
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Jakubison BL, Schweickert PG, Moser SE, Yang Y, Gao H, Scully K, Itkin-Ansari P, Liu Y, Konieczny SF. Induced PTF1a expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells activates acinar gene networks, reduces tumorigenic properties, and sensitizes cells to gemcitabine treatment. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1104-1124. [PMID: 29719936 PMCID: PMC6026875 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic acinar cells synthesize, package, and secrete digestive enzymes into the duodenum to aid in nutrient absorption and meet metabolic demands. When exposed to cellular stresses and insults, acinar cells undergo a dedifferentiation process termed acinar-ductal metaplasia (ADM). ADM lesions with oncogenic mutations eventually give rise to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In healthy pancreata, the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) factors MIST1 and PTF1a coordinate an acinar-specific transcription network that maintains the highly developed differentiation status of the cells, protecting the pancreas from undergoing a transformative process. However, when MIST1 and PTF1a gene expression is silenced, cells are more prone to progress to PDAC. In this study, we tested whether induced MIST1 or PTF1a expression in PDAC cells could (i) re-establish the transcriptional program of differentiated acinar cells and (ii) simultaneously reduce tumor cell properties. As predicted, PTF1a induced gene expression of digestive enzymes and acinar-specific transcription factors, while MIST1 induced gene expression of vesicle trafficking molecules as well as activation of unfolded protein response components, all of which are essential to handle the high protein production load that is characteristic of acinar cells. Importantly, induction of PTF1a in PDAC also influenced cancer-associated properties, leading to a decrease in cell proliferation, cancer stem cell numbers, and repression of key ATP-binding cassette efflux transporters resulting in heightened sensitivity to gemcitabine. Thus, activation of pancreatic bHLH transcription factors rescues the acinar gene program and decreases tumorigenic properties in pancreatic cancer cells, offering unique opportunities to develop novel therapeutic intervention strategies for this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad L Jakubison
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Patrick G Schweickert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sarah E Moser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Laboratory for Computational Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathleen Scully
- Development and Aging Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pamela Itkin-Ansari
- Development and Aging Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Laboratory for Computational Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stephen F Konieczny
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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30
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Biondani G, Zeeberg K, Greco MR, Cannone S, Dando I, Dalla Pozza E, Mastrodonato M, Forciniti S, Casavola V, Palmieri M, Reshkin SJ, Cardone RA. Extracellular matrix composition modulates PDAC parenchymal and stem cell plasticity and behavior through the secretome. FEBS J 2018; 285:2104-2124. [PMID: 29660229 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers. Its aggressiveness is driven by an intense fibrotic desmoplastic reaction in which the increasingly collagen I-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) and several cell types, including cancer stem cells (CSCs), create a tumor-supportive environment. However, how ECM composition regulates CSC dynamics and their relationship with the principle parenchymal tumor population to promote early invasive growth is not yet characterized. For this, we utilized a platform of 3D organotypic cultures composed of laminin-rich Matrigel, representative of an early tumor, plus increasing concentrations of collagen I to simulate malignant stroma progression. As ECM collagen I increases, CSCs progress from a rapidly growing, vascular phenotype to a slower growing, avascular phase, while maintaining their endothelial-like gene signatures. This transition is supported autocrinically by the CSCs and paracrinically by the parenchymal cells via their ECM-dependent secretomes. Indeed, when growing on an early tumor ECM, the CSCs are dedicated toward the preparation of a vascular niche by (a) activating their growth program, (b) secreting high levels of proangiogenic factors which stimulate both angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry, and (c) overexpressing VEGFR-2, which is activated by VEGF secreted by both the CSC and parenchymal cells. On Matrigel, the more differentiated parenchymal tumor cell population had reduced growth but a high invasive capacity. This concerted high local invasion of parenchymal cells into the CSC-derived vascular network suggests that a symbiotic relationship between the parenchymal cells and the CSCs underlies the initiation and maintenance of early PDAC infiltration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Biondani
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Katrine Zeeberg
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Greco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Cannone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Dando
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Dalla Pozza
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Forciniti
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Valeria Casavola
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Marta Palmieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Stephan Joel Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
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31
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Liu Y, Wu T, Lu D, Zhen J, Zhang L. CD44 overexpression related to lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 33:308-313. [PMID: 29683068 DOI: 10.1177/1724600817746951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD44 has recently been reported as a biomarker for pancreatic cancer. However, the predictive value of CD44 in pancreatic cancer remains controversial. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the association between the expression of CD44 and clinicopathological features, and the outcome of pancreatic cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHOD A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. The statistical analysis was conducted using Stata software. RESULTS A total of nine studies including 583 cases were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that CD44 overexpression was associated with poor five-year overall survival rate (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.30, 0.91; P = 0.02), more lymph node invasion (OR 3.14 (positive vs. negative); 95% CI 1.47, 6.73; P = 0.003), more advanced T stage (OR 2.4 (T3,4 vs. T1,2); 95% CI 1.28, 4.52; P = 0.007), and more advanced TNM stage (OR 4.53 (III~IV vs. I~II); 95% CI 1.46, 14.08; P = 0.01). However, CD44 overexpression was not associated with other clinicopathological features, such as tumor size, differentiation, and distance metastasis. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence suggests that CD44 is an efficient prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Liu
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Wu
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dong Lu
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiantao Zhen
- 2 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- 2 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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32
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Zhou Y, Wang Y, Wen J, Zhao H, Dong X, Zhang Z, Wang S, Shen L. Aquaporin 3 promotes the stem-like properties of gastric cancer cells via Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16529-41. [PMID: 26918728 PMCID: PMC4941333 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are believed to contribute to the tumor growth in gastric carcinoma (GC), a common lethal malignancy. This study investigated the effect of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) on stem-like properties of human GC cells. Elevated AQP3 expression was associated with CD44 expression in human GC specimens. Expression of AQP3 and that of CD44 positively correlated with Lauren classification, lymph node metastasis, and lymphovascular invasion. Altering the AQP3 expression had pronounced effects on the tumorigenic potential and self-renewal capacity of the gastric cancer cell lines SGC7901, MGC803, and AGS, both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of AQP3 induced CD44 expression and activation of the β-catenin signaling pathway, whereas silencing AQP3 expression using short hairpin RNA had the opposite effect. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3β using LiCl impaired the effect of AQP3 knockdown in CSCs, whereas the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by XAV939 blocked the effect of AQP3 overexpression. These results demonstrate that AQP3 promotes stem-like properties of human GC cells by activating the Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchun Zhou
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianfei Wen
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haijian Zhao
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Huai'an Hospital, Xuzhou Medical College, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuqiang Dong
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shoulin Wang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lizong Shen
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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33
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Ware MJ, Nguyen LP, Law JJ, Krzykawska-Serda M, Taylor KM, Cao HST, Anderson AO, Pulikkathara M, Newton JM, Ho JC, Hwang R, Rajapakshe K, Coarfa C, Huang S, Edwards D, Curley SA, Corr SJ. A new mild hyperthermia device to treat vascular involvement in cancer surgery. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11299. [PMID: 28900126 PMCID: PMC5595878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical margin status in cancer surgery represents an important oncologic parameter affecting overall prognosis. The risk of disease recurrence is minimized and survival often prolonged if margin-negative resection can be accomplished during cancer surgery. Unfortunately, negative margins are not always surgically achievable due to tumor invasion into adjacent tissues or involvement of critical vasculature. Herein, we present a novel intra-operative device created to facilitate a uniform and mild heating profile to cause hyperthermic destruction of vessel-encasing tumors while safeguarding the encased vessel. We use pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma as an in vitro and an in vivo cancer model for these studies as it is a representative model of a tumor that commonly involves major mesenteric vessels. In vitro data suggests that mild hyperthermia (41-46 °C for ten minutes) is an optimal thermal dose to induce high levels of cancer cell death, alter cancer cell's proteomic profiles and eliminate cancer stem cells while preserving non-malignant cells. In vivo and in silico data supports the well-known phenomena of a vascular heat sink effect that causes high temperature differentials through tissues undergoing hyperthermia, however temperatures can be predicted and used as a tool for the surgeon to adjust thermal doses delivered for various tumor margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Ware
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lam P Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Justin J Law
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Martyna Krzykawska-Serda
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7 St., Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Kimberly M Taylor
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hop S Tran Cao
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Andrew O Anderson
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Jared M Newton
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Interdepartmental program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jason C Ho
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rosa Hwang
- Department of Surgical oncology, MD Anderson, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Dean Edwards
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Steven A Curley
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| | - Stuart J Corr
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, 77204, TX, USA.
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34
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Sleightholm RL, Neilsen BK, Li J, Steele MM, Singh RK, Hollingsworth MA, Oupicky D. Emerging roles of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in pancreatic cancer progression and therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 179:158-170. [PMID: 28549596 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine networks regulate a variety of cellular, physiological, and immune processes. These normal functions can become appropriated by cancer cells to facilitate a more hospitable niche for aberrant cells by enhancing growth, proliferation, and metastasis. This is especially true in pancreatic cancer, where chemokine signaling is a vital component in the development of the supportive tumor microenvironment and the signaling between the cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells. Although expression patterns vary among cancer types, the chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been implicated in nearly every major malignancy and plays a prominent role in pancreatic cancer development and progression. This receptor, in conjunction with its primary chemokine ligand CXCL12, promotes pancreatic cancer development, invasion, and metastasis through the management of the tumor microenvironment via complex crosstalk with other pathways. Thus, CXCR4 likely contributes to the poor prognoses observed in patients afflicted with this malignancy. Recent exploration of combination therapies with CXCR4 antagonists have demonstrated improved outcomes, and abolishing the contribution of this pathway may prove crucial to effectively treat pancreatic cancer at both the primary tumor and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Sleightholm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Beth K Neilsen
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maria M Steele
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - David Oupicky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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35
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Oldfield LE, Connor AA, Gallinger S. Molecular Events in the Natural History of Pancreatic Cancer. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:336-346. [PMID: 28718411 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the deadliest epithelial malignancies. Improvements in our understanding of PDAC carcinogenesis will hopefully improve its detection, management, and outcomes, as has been achieved with other malignancies. Here we review the literature on the natural history of PDAC, including its cell of origin, the initiating somatic mutational events, pathways deranged in the mature tumor, its biological heterogeneity, and the relationship of the primary tumor with metastases. We also suggest areas for further research and highlight translatable findings that are beginning to make clinical inroads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E Oldfield
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ashton A Connor
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgical Oncology Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven Gallinger
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgical Oncology Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
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36
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Lai CH, Choon Lim S, Wu LC, Wang CF, Tsai WS, Wu HC, Chang YC. Site-specific antibody modification and immobilization on a microfluidic chip to promote the capture of circulating tumor cells and microemboli. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4152-4155. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00247e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibody coating via Fc-domain site-specific immobilization improves capture efficiency of circulating tumor cells and microemboli in microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chian-Hui Lai
- Genomics Research Center
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei
- Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
| | | | | | | | - Wen-Sy Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science
- Chang-Gung University
- Taoyuan
- Taiwan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Chang
- Genomics Research Center
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
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Ishiwata T. Cancer stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition: Novel therapeutic targets for cancer. Pathol Int 2016; 66:601-608. [PMID: 27510923 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of various therapeutic approaches, recurrence and metastasis remain major problems for patients with advanced cancer. Recent studies have shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in cancer aggressiveness. In cancer tissues, a small number of CSCs are able to self-renew and differentiate into heterogeneous cancer cells. CSCs usually remain in the resting phase of the cell cycle and possess efficient drug efflux pathways. Thus, they are resistant to chemoradiotherapy and surviving CSCs contribute to recurrence. During cancer metastasis, CSCs undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), thereby acquiring mesenchymal features, migrating to adjacent stromal tissues, and invading blood or lymph vessels. Recent studies showed that EMT-inducible factors also enhance or induce CSC-like features in cancer cells. These findings suggest that EMT is closely correlated with cancer recurrence and metastasis. Inhibition of nestin, a CSC marker, reduces the aggressiveness of several types of cancer. Suppression of the mesenchymal variant of fibroblast growth factor (FGFR)-2, FGFR-2 IIIc, and regulation of the EMT using epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1) are effective in the treatment of immunodeficient mice with pancreatic cancer. The roles of CSCs and EMT in cancer and possible therapies are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
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Ansari D, Tingstedt B, Andersson B, Holmquist F, Sturesson C, Williamsson C, Sasor A, Borg D, Bauden M, Andersson R. Pancreatic cancer: yesterday, today and tomorrow. Future Oncol 2016; 12:1929-1946. [PMID: 27246628 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of our most lethal malignancies. Despite substantial improvements in the survival rates for other major cancer forms, pancreatic cancer survival rates have remained relatively unchanged since the 1960s. Pancreatic cancer is usually detected at an advanced stage and most treatment regimens are ineffective, contributing to the poor overall prognosis. Herein, we review the current understanding of pancreatic cancer, focusing on central aspects of disease management from radiology, surgery and pathology to oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University & Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bobby Tingstedt
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University & Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bodil Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University & Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Holmquist
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University & Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Sturesson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University & Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caroline Williamsson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University & Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Agata Sasor
- Department of Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Borg
- Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Monika Bauden
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University & Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roland Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University & Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Skoda J, Hermanova M, Loja T, Nemec P, Neradil J, Karasek P, Veselska R. Co-Expression of Cancer Stem Cell Markers Corresponds to a Pro-Tumorigenic Expression Profile in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159255. [PMID: 27414409 PMCID: PMC4945008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies. Its dismal prognosis is often attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that have been identified in PDAC using various markers. However, the co-expression of all of these markers has not yet been evaluated. Furthermore, studies that compare the expression levels of CSC markers in PDAC tumor samples and in cell lines derived directly from those tumors are lacking. Here, we analyzed the expression of putative CSC markers—CD24, CD44, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), CD133, and nestin—by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and quantitative PCR in 3 PDAC-derived cell lines and by immunohistochemistry in 3 corresponding tumor samples. We showed high expression of the examined CSC markers among all of the cell lines and tumor samples, with the exception of CD24 and CD44, which were enriched under in vitro conditions compared with tumor tissues. The proportions of cells positive for the remaining markers were comparable to those detected in the corresponding tumors. Co-expression analysis using flow cytometry revealed that CD24+/CD44+/EpCAM+/CD133+ cells represented a significant population of the cells (range, 43 to 72%) among the cell lines. The highest proportion of CD24+/CD44+/EpCAM+/CD133+ cells was detected in the cell line derived from the tumor of a patient with the shortest survival. Using gene expression profiling, we further identified the specific pro-tumorigenic expression profile of this cell line compared with the profiles of the other two cell lines. Together, CD24+/CD44+/EpCAM+/CD133+ cells are present in PDAC cell lines derived from primary tumors, and their increased proportion corresponds with a pro-tumorigenic gene expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Skoda
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Hermanova
- 1st Department of Pathological Anatomy, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Loja
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Nemec
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Neradil
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Karasek
- Department of Complex Oncology Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Veselska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Banerjee J, Papu John AM, Al-Wadei MH, Schuller HM. Prevention of pancreatic cancer in a hamster model by cAMP decrease. Oncotarget 2016; 7:44430-44441. [PMID: 27281617 PMCID: PMC5190108 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking and alcoholism are risk factors for the development of pancreatitis-associated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We have previously shown that these cancers overexpressed stress neurotransmitters and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) while the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was suppressed. Using a hamster model, the current study has tested the hypothesis that cAMP decrease by GABA supplementation in the drinking water prevents the development of pancreatitis-associated PDAC. Our data reveal strong preventive effects of GABA supplementation on the development of PDAC and pancreatic intraductal neoplasia (PanIN). ELISA assays and immunohistochemistry revealed significant decreases in the levels of cAMP and interleukin 6 accompanied by reductions in the expression of several cancer stem cell markers and phosphorylated signaling proteins, which stimulate cell proliferation, and migration in pancreatic exocrine cells of GABA treated animals. We conclude that cAMP decrease by GABA supplementation inhibits multiple cancer stimulating pathways in cancer stem cells, differentiated cancer cells and the immune system, identifying this approach as promising novel tool for the prevention of PDAC in individuals with a history of smoking and alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jheelam Banerjee
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Arokya M.S. Papu John
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Mohammed H. Al-Wadei
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Hildegard M. Schuller
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Pei X, Zhu J, Yang R, Tan Z, An M, Shi J, Lubman DM. CD90 and CD24 Co-Expression Is Associated with Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasias. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158021. [PMID: 27332878 PMCID: PMC4917090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Thy-1 (CD90) has been shown to be a potential marker for several different types of cancer. However, reports on CD90 expression in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions are still limited where PanINs are the most important precursor lesion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Herein, we investigate candidate markers for PanIN lesions by examining the distribution and trend of CD90 and CD24 expression as well as their co-expression in various stages of PanINs. Thirty cases of PanINs, which were confirmed histopathologically and clinically, were used to evaluate protein expression of CD90 and CD24 by immunofluoresence double staining. CD90 was found to be mainly expressed in stroma around lesion ducts while not observed in acini and islets in PanINs. CD90 also showed increased expression in PanIN III compared to PanIN III. CD24 was mainly present in the cytoplasm and membrane of pancreatic ductal epithelia, especially in the apical epithelium of the duct. CD24 had higher expression in PanIN III compared with PanIN IIIIII or PanIN III. CD90 was expressed around CD24 sites, but there was little overlap between cells that expressed each of these proteins. A correlation analysis showed that these two proteins have a moderate relationship with PanIN stages respectively. These results suggest that co-expression of CD90 and CD24 may have an important role in the development and progression of PanINs, which is also conducive to early detection and treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiucong Pei
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States of America
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Liaoning, 110034, China
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States of America
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States of America
| | - Zhijing Tan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States of America
| | - Mingrui An
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States of America
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States of America
| | - David M. Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States of America
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Guo J, Xie K, Zheng S. Molecular Biomarkers of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Their Implications in Early Diagnosis and Therapeutic Intervention of Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:292-301. [PMID: 26929736 PMCID: PMC4753158 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of early detection and effective interventions is a major reason for the poor prognosis and dismal survival rates for pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) is the most common precursor of invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Each stage in the progression from PanIN to PDAC is well characterized by multiple significant genetic alterations affecting signaling pathways. Understanding the biological behavior and molecular alterations in the progression from PanIN to PDAC is crucial to the identification of noninvasive biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis and the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for control of pancreatic cancer progression. This review focuses on molecular biomarkers of PanIN and their important roles in early detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Guo
- 1. Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Haikou 571199, People's Republic of China; 2. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Keping Xie
- 2. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- 1. Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Haikou 571199, People's Republic of China; 2. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Matsuda Y, Yoshimura H, Ishiwata T, Sumiyoshi H, Matsushita A, Nakamura Y, Aida J, Uchida E, Takubo K, Arai T. Mitotic index and multipolar mitosis in routine histologic sections as prognostic markers of pancreatic cancers: A clinicopathological study. Pancreatology 2015; 16:127-32. [PMID: 26585687 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic cancer is characterized by genomic complexity and chromosomal instability, and atypical mitotic figures are morphological features of this phenotype. In the present study, we determined the frequency and the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of mitotic figures in pancreatic cancers. METHODS We surveyed the mitotic figures of the normal ductal epithelium, acinar cells, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias, and pancreatic cancers on hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained tissue specimens (n = 121). RESULTS Pancreatic cancer cells showed significantly higher mitotic indices as compared with the ductal cells, acinar cells, and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias. Both normal and atypical mitosis were significantly elevated only in pancreatic cancers. In pancreatic cancers, approximately 30% of total mitosis was atypical including multipolar, lag-type, ring and asymmetrical mitosis, and anaphase bridges. The Kaplan-Meier curves in pancreatic cancers showed significant correlations between total mitosis and disease free survival. Furthermore, the cases with multipolar mitosis showed poorer prognosis than those without. Lymph node metastasis and multipolar mitosis were independent prognostic factors for overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. In addition, lymph node metastasis and total mitosis were independent factors for disease free survival. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that routinely obtained pathological specimens, even small biopsy or cytological specimens, can provide valuable information concerning the prognosis of pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsuda
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Yoshimura
- Division of Physiological Pathology, Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Akira Matsushita
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Nakamura
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Junko Aida
- Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Eiji Uchida
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Kaiyo Takubo
- Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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Xue Z, Zhou Y, Wang C, Zheng J, Zhang P, Zhou L, Wu L, Shan Y, Ye M, He Y, Cai Z. Latexin exhibits tumor-suppressor potential in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:50-8. [PMID: 26530530 PMCID: PMC4699618 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that latexin (Lxn) expression is involved in stem cell regulation and that it plays significant roles in tumor cell migration and invasion. The clinicopathological significance of Lxn expression and its possible correlation with CD133 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is currently unknown. In the present study, immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine Lxn and CD133 expression in 43 PDAC patient samples and in 32 corresponding adjacent non-cancerous samples. The results were analyzed and compared with patient age, gender, tumor site and size, histological grade, clinical stage and overall mean survival time. Lxn expression was clearly decreased in the PDAC tissues compared with that in the adjacent non-cancerous tissues, while CD133 expression was increased. Low Lxn expression in the PDAC tissues was significantly correlated with tumor size (P=0.002), histological grade (P=0.000), metastasis (P=0.007) and clinical stage (P=0.018), but not with age (P=0.451), gender (P=0.395) or tumor site (P=0.697). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that low Lxn expression was significantly correlated with reduced overall survival time (P=0.000). Furthermore, Lxn expression was found to be inversely correlated with CD133 expression (r=−0.485, P=0.001). Furthermore, CD133-positive MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic tumor cells were sorted by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS), and those that overexpressed Lxn exhibited a significantly higher rate of apoptosis and lower proliferative activity. Our findings suggest that Lxn may function as a tumor suppressor that targets CD133-positive pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxiong Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yuhui Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jihang Zheng
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Shan
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Mengsi Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhai Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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Salaria S, Means A, Revetta F, Idrees K, Liu E, Shi C. Expression of CD24, a Stem Cell Marker, in Pancreatic and Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors. Am J Clin Pathol 2015; 144:642-8. [PMID: 26386086 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpmzy5p9twnjjv] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CD24 has been considered a normal and cancer stem cell marker. Potential intestinal stem cells weakly express CD24. In the pancreas, CD24 is a possible cancer stem cell marker for ductal adenocarcinoma. METHODS Expression of CD24 in intestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) was examined. Immunohistochemistry was performed on benign duodenum, ileum mucosa, and pancreas, as well as primary duodenal, primary and metastatic ileal, and pancreatic NETs. RESULTS Scattered CD24-positive cells were noted in the duodenal and ileal crypts, most of which showed a strong subnuclear labeling pattern. Similar expression was observed in 41 (95%) of 43 primary ileal NETs but in only four (15%) of 26 duodenal NETs (P < .01). In addition, metastatic ileal NETs retained CD24 expression. Pancreatic islets did not express CD24, and only rare cells had subnuclear labeling of CD24 in the pancreatic ducts. Unlike ileal NETs, only five (5%) of 92 pancreatic NETs expressed CD24 in the subnuclear compartment (P < .01). All five NETs showed a unique morphology with prominent stromal fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS CD24 expression was frequent in primary and metastatic midgut NETs but rare in pancreatic and duodenal NETs. Expression of CD24 in ileal NETs may have future diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Salaria
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
| | - Anna Means
- Surgery, Vanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, TN
| | - Frank Revetta
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
| | - Kamran Idrees
- Surgical Oncology, Vanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, TN
| | - Eric Liu
- Surgical Oncology, Vanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, TN
| | - Chanjuan Shi
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
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Krieg A, Riemer JC, Telan LA, Gabbert HE, Knoefel WT. CXCR4--A Prognostic and Clinicopathological Biomarker for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130192. [PMID: 26091099 PMCID: PMC4474597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinomas of the pancreatic duct (PDAC) are characteristically aggressive tumors that are extremely challenging to treat as curative surgical resection, the definitive treatment, is seldom possible. Regretably, most patients are diagnosed with metastatic disease at the time of initial presentation. In addition, current chemotherapeutic concepts that are used for advanced disease stages show frustrating results. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic molecular targets that are associated with PDAC disease. Recently, the chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been demonstrated to be highly expressed in metastatic PDAC. However, the results of the published data on CXCR4 and its association with clinicopathological variables and prognosis in PDAC seem to be heterogeneous. Consequently, to clarify the relevance of CXCR4 as a biomarker in PDAC we performed a comprehensive literature search by using PubMed and Web of Science databases to identify articles that focused on the expression of CXCR4 in PDAC by using immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, data from nine relevant studies, encompassing 1183 patients were extracted, qualitatively assessed, and entered into a meta-analysis. By using a random effects model, the pooled hazard ratio of the seven studies that reported on patients overall survival revealed a correlation between expression of CXCR4 and poor prognosis (HR 1.49; 95% CI: 1.04-2.14; P = 0.03; I2 = 74%). Although heterogeneity became evident, subgroup analyses confirmed the prognostic value of CXCR4 in PDAC, especially in high-quality studies that performed multivariate analysis. In addition, meta-analysis revealed a strong association of CXCR4 expression with the UICC stage (OR: 3.40; 95% CI: 1.67-6.92; P = 0.0007; I2 = 0%) and metastatic disease (N-status: OR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.56-4.15; P = 0.0002; I2 = 26%; recurrence to the liver: OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.48-5.29; P = 0.001; I2 = 0%). Taken together, our meta-analysis suggests that CXCR4 represents a useful prognostic biomarker in PDAC and might therefore be evaluated as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of metastatic cancer disease of the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Krieg
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jasmin C. Riemer
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Leila A. Telan
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Helmut E. Gabbert
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfram T. Knoefel
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Rao CV, Mohammed A. New insights into pancreatic cancer stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:547-555. [PMID: 25914762 PMCID: PMC4404390 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i3.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has been one of the deadliest of all cancers, with almost uniform lethality despite aggressive treatment. Recently, there have been important advances in the molecular, pathological and biological understanding of pancreatic cancer. Even after the emergence of recent new targeted agents and the use of multiple therapeutic combinations, no treatment option is viable in patients with advanced cancer. Developing novel strategies to target progression of PC is of intense interest. A small population of pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been found to be resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. CSCs are believed to be responsible for tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. The CSC research has recently achieved much progress in a variety of solid tumors, including pancreatic cancer to some extent. This leads to focus on understanding the role of pancreatic CSCs. The focus on CSCs may offer new targets for prevention and treatment of this deadly cancer. We review the most salient developments in important areas of pancreatic CSCs. Here, we provide a review of current updates and new insights on the role of CSCs in pancreatic tumor progression with special emphasis on DclK1 and Lgr5, signaling pathways altered by CSCs, and the role of CSCs in prevention and treatment of PC.
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Dalla Pozza E, Dando I, Biondani G, Brandi J, Costanzo C, Zoratti E, Fassan M, Boschi F, Melisi D, Cecconi D, Scupoli MT, Scarpa A, Palmieri M. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines display a plastic ability to bi‑directionally convert into cancer stem cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1099-1108. [PMID: 25502497 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often diagnosed when metastatic events have occurred. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in tumor initiation, metastasis, chemoresistance and relapse. A growing number of studies have suggested that CSCs exist in a dynamic equilibrium with more differentiated cancer cells via a bi‑directional regeneration that is dependent on the environmental stimuli. In this investigation, we obtain, by using a selective medium, PDAC CSCs from five out of nine PDAC cell lines, endowed with different tumorsphere‑forming ability. PDAC CSCs were generally more resistant to the action of five anticancer drugs than parental cell lines and were characterized by an increased expression of EpCAM and CD44v6, typical stem cell surface markers, and a decreased expression of E‑cadherin, the main marker of the epithelial state. PDAC CSCs were able to re‑differentiate into parental cells once cultured in parental growth condition, as demonstrated by re‑acquisition of the epithelial morphology, the decreased expression levels of EpCAM and CD44v6 and the increased sensitivity to anticancer drugs. Finally, PDAC CSCs injected into nude mice developed a larger subcutaneous tumor mass and showed a higher metastatic activity compared to parental cells. The present study demonstrates the ability to obtain CSCs from several PDAC cell lines and that these cells are differentially resistant to various anticancer agents. This variability renders them a model of great importance to deeply understand pancreatic adenocarcinoma biology, to discover new biomarkers and to screen new therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dalla Pozza
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Dando
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Biondani
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jessica Brandi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Costanzo
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Zoratti
- Applied Research on Cancer Network (ARC‑NET) and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Applied Research on Cancer Network (ARC‑NET) and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Boschi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Melisi
- Department of Medicine, Oncology Unit, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Scupoli
- Applied Research on Cancer Network (ARC‑NET) and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Applied Research on Cancer Network (ARC‑NET) and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Palmieri
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Matsuda Y, Ishiwata T, Izumiyama-Shimomura N, Hamayasu H, Fujiwara M, Tomita KI, Hiraishi N, Nakamura KI, Ishikawa N, Aida J, Takubo K, Arai T. Gradual telomere shortening and increasing chromosomal instability among PanIN grades and normal ductal epithelia with and without cancer in the pancreas. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117575. [PMID: 25658358 PMCID: PMC4319908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence supports a key role for telomere dysfunction in carcinogenesis due to the induction of chromosomal instability. To study telomere shortening in precancerous pancreatic lesions, we measured telomere lengths using quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization in the normal pancreatic duct epithelium, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs), and cancers. The materials employed included surgically resected pancreatic specimens without cancer (n = 33) and with invasive ductal carcinoma (n = 36), as well as control autopsy cases (n = 150). In comparison with normal ducts, telomere length was decreased in PanIN-1, −2 and −3 and cancer. Furthermore, telomeres were shorter in cancer than in PanIN-1 and −2. Telomere length in cancer was not associated with histological type, lesion location, or cancer stage. PanINs with or without cancer showed similar telomere lengths. The incidences of atypical mitosis and anaphase bridges, which are morphological characteristics of chromosomal instability, were negatively correlated with telomere length. The telomeres in normal duct epithelium became shorter with aging, and those in PanINs or cancers were shorter than in age-matched controls, suggesting that telomere shortening occurs even when histological changes are absent. Our data strongly suggest that telomere shortening occurs in the early stages of pancreatic carcinogenesis and progresses with precancerous development. Telomere shortening and chromosomal instability in the duct epithelium might be associated with carcinogenesis of the pancreas. Determination of telomere length in pancreatic ductal lesions may be valuable for accurate detection and risk assessment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsuda
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
- * E-mail: (YM); (KT)
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Naotaka Izumiyama-Shimomura
- Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hideki Hamayasu
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Mutsunori Fujiwara
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, 4-1-22 Hiroo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8935, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Tomita
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, 4-1-22 Hiroo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8935, Japan
| | - Naoki Hiraishi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hadano Red Cross Hospital, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0017, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Nakamura
- Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Naoshi Ishikawa
- Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Junko Aida
- Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kaiyo Takubo
- Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
- * E-mail: (YM); (KT)
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
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50
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Mizukami T, Kamachi H, Mitsuhashi T, Tsuruga Y, Hatanaka Y, Kamiyama T, Matsuno Y, Taketomi A. Immunohistochemical analysis of cancer stem cell markers in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:687. [PMID: 25240521 PMCID: PMC4190289 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been reported to play an important role in chemoradiation resistance. Although the association of CSC markers with clinicopathological outcomes after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) has been reported in various types of cancers, there have been no such reports for pancreatic cancer. Here we examined the sequential changes in CSC marker expressions after NACRT in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) and the impact of these changes on the prognosis. Methods We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expressions of the CSC markers epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), CD24, CD44, CD133, CXCR4 and Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) in resected specimens obtained from 28 PA patients, and we compared these expressions with the patients’ clinicopathological parameters and survival data. Results The expression frequencies of CD44 and ALDH1 were significantly higher in the NACRT group (n = 17) compared to the non-NACRT group (n = 11), but the CD133 expression was significantly lower in the NACRT group. In the NACRT group, the expression of CD133 was inversely correlated with that of ALDH1, and CD133+/ALDH1- expression was associated with an unfavorable patient outcome. Conclusion This is the first report showing that NACRT may influence the expression frequencies of CD44, CD133 and ALDH1 in PA patients. Moreover, CD133 and ALDH1 expressions may be useful predictors of prognosis in PA patients who have received NACRT. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-687) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hirofumi Kamachi
- Department of Gastoroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
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