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Abdulkareem SJ, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Farhoudi-Sefidan-Jadid M, Salmani-Javan E, Toroghi F, Zarghami N. Co-delivery of artemisinin and metformin via PEGylated niosomal nanoparticles: potential anti-cancer effect in treatment of lung cancer cells. Daru 2024; 32:133-144. [PMID: 38168007 PMCID: PMC11087397 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the advances in treatment, lung cancer is a global concern and necessitates the development of new treatments. Biguanides like metformin (MET) and artemisinin (ART) have recently been discovered to have anti-cancer properties. As a consequence, in the current study, the anti-cancer effect of MET and ART co-encapsulated in niosomal nanoparticles on lung cancer cells was examined to establish an innovative therapy technique. METHODS Niosomal nanoparticles (Nio-NPs) were synthesized by thin-film hydration method, and their physicochemical properties were assessed by FTIR. The morphology of Nio-NPs was evaluated with FE-SEM and AFM. The MTT assay was applied to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of free MET, free ART, their encapsulated form with Nio-NPs, as well as their combination, on A549 cells. Apoptosis assay was utilized to detect the biological processes involved with programmed cell death. The arrest of cell cycle in response to drugs was assessed using a cell cycle assay. Following a 48-h drug treatment, the expression level of hTERT, Cyclin D1, BAX, BCL-2, Caspase 3, and 7 genes were assessed using the qRT-PCR method. RESULTS Both MET and ART reduced the survival rate of lung cancer cells in the dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values of pure ART and MET were 195.2 μM and 14.6 mM, respectively while in nano formulated form their IC50 values decreased to 56.7 μM and 78.3 μM, respectively. The combination of MET and ART synergistically decreased the proliferation of lung cancer cells, compared to the single treatments. Importantly, the combination of MET and ART had a higher anti-proliferative impact against A549 lung cancer cells, with lower IC50 values. According to the result of Real-time PCR, hTERT, Cyclin D1, BAX, BCL-2, Caspase 3, and Caspase 7 genes expression were considerably altered in treated with combination of nano formulated MET and ART compared to single therapies. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that the combination of MET and ART encapsulated in Nio-NPs could be useful for the treatment of lung cancer and can increase the efficiency of lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Jaafar Abdulkareem
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farhoudi-Sefidan-Jadid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elnaz Salmani-Javan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Toroghi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Science, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Cetin E, Boyacioglu O, Orenay-Boyacioglu S. An effective treatment approach of liposomally encapsulated metformin in colon cancer. Med Oncol 2024; 41:82. [PMID: 38416317 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Metformin is a drug that is widely used in the treatment of type-2 diabetes and its anticarcinogenic effect has been detected in many studies since the 2000s. Metformin has a short half-life and poor biocompatibility, which limits the activity of the drug. As a solution to this situation, our study aimed to increase the anticarcinogenic effects and reduce the side effects of metformin in colon cancer by liposomal encapsulation. For this purpose, in our study, liposome production was carried out using the thin film hydration method. The amount of metformin loaded in liposomes was determined by a standard absorbance curve at 237 nm. Size distributions and membrane zeta potentials of the liposomes were evaluated with Malvern Zetasizer ZS90. Transmission electron microscopy was performed by staining the liposomes negatively with uranyl acetate. Cultured HT-29 cells were treated with liposomal metformin or free metformin at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 40 mM for 24 and 48 h. At the end of the treatment period, cell viability was evaluated by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability test. The anticarcinogenic effects of liposomal and free metformin on HT-29 cells were compared. As a result, liposome encapsulated metformin treatment for 24 h was more effective on HT-29 cells at 20- and 40-mM concentrations causing significantly greater decrease in the IC-50 dose compared to the free metformin. The result suggests that liposomal encapsulated metformin may offer a promising approach to increase the efficacy of the drug in the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enis Cetin
- Faculty of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Olcay Boyacioglu
- Faculty of Engineering, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Seda Orenay-Boyacioglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
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Sahu P, Camarillo IG, Sundararajan R. Efficacy of metformin and electrical pulses in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:54-73. [PMID: 38464382 PMCID: PMC10918234 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very aggressive subset of breast cancer, with limited treatment options, due to the lack of three commonly targeted receptors, which merits the need for novel treatments for TNBC. Towards this need, the use of metformin (Met), the most widely used type-2 diabetes drug worldwide, was explored as a repurposed anticancer agent. Cancer being a metabolic disease, the modulation of two crucial metabolites, glucose, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), is studied in MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, using Met in the presence of electrical pulses (EP) to enhance the drug efficacy. Methods MDA-MB-231, human TNBC cells were treated with Met in the presence of EP, with various concentrations Met of 1 mmol/L, 2.5 mmol/L, 5 mmol/L, and 10 mmol/L. EP of 500 V/cm, 800 V/cm, and 1,000 V/cm (with a pulse width of 100 µs at 1 s intervals) were applied to TNBC and the impact of these two treatments was studied. Various assays, including cell viability, microscopic inspection, glucose, ROS, and wound healing assay, were performed to characterize the response of the cells to the combination treatment. Results Combining 1,000 V/cm with 5 mmol/L Met yielded cell viability as low as 42.6% at 24 h. The glucose level was reduced by 5.60-fold and the ROS levels were increased by 9.56-fold compared to the control, leading to apoptotic cell death. Conclusions The results indicate the enhanced anticancer effect of Met in the presence of electric pulses. The cell growth is inhibited by suppressing glucose levels and elevated ROS. This shows a synergistic interplay between electroporation, Met, glucose, and ROS metabolic alterations. The results show promises for combinational therapy in TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Sahu
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ignacio G. Camarillo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Raji Sundararajan
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Jayasri B, Rajeshwari K, Vasantha P, Anantha Lakshmi PV. Ternary Cobalt (II)-Metformin-Glycine/Histidine/Proline Complexes: Multispectroscopic DNA, HSA, and BSA Interaction and Cytotoxicity Studies. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5481-5499. [PMID: 36856949 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03606-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The synthesized water-soluble ternary complexes [Co(met)(gly)(Cl)2] (1), [Co(met)(hist)(Cl)2] (2), and [Co(met)(pro)(Cl)2] (3), (met = metformin, gly = glycine, hist = histidine, and pro = proline) were evaluated using spectro-analytical techniques, and the stereochemistry of the complexes was determined to be octahedral. UV-Vis absorption, competitive DNA-binding experiments using ethidium bromide (EB) by fluorescence, fluorescence emission studies, viscosity studies, and gel electrophoresis techniques were all employed to explore the binding characteristics of the cobalt (II) complexes with CT-DNA and groove-binding mechanism established. The salt-dependent association of the complexes to CT-DNA was investigated using UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis. The association of the cobalt (II) complexes with BSA and HSA was explored by utilizing UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy approaches. The findings show that the complexes exhibit adequate capacity to quench BSA and HSA fluorescence and that the binding response is mostly a static quenching mechanism. The cytotoxicity of the complexes has also been appraised with the human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines (MCF-7) and (MDA-MB-231) by utilizing the MTT assay. For each cell line, the IC50 values were computed. In both cell lines, all the complexes were active.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jayasri
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India, 500007
| | - K Rajeshwari
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India, 500007
| | - P Vasantha
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India, 500007
| | - P V Anantha Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India, 500007.
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Wang Y, Sharma A, Ge F, Chen P, Yang Y, Liu H, Liu H, Zhao C, Mittal L, Asthana S, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. Non-oncology drug (meticrane) shows anti-cancer ability in synergy with epigenetic inhibitors and appears to be involved passively in targeting cancer cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1157366. [PMID: 37274234 PMCID: PMC10235775 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1157366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that chemotherapeutic agents and targeted anticancer drugs have serious side effects on the healthy cells/tissues of the patient. To overcome this, the use of non-oncology drugs as potential cancer therapies has been gaining momentum. Herein, we investigated one non-oncology drug named meticrane (a thiazide diuretic used to treat essential hypertension), which has been reported to indescribably improve the therapeutic efficacy of anti-CTLA4 in mice with AB1 HA tumors. In our hypothesis-driven study, we tested anti-cancer potential meticrane in hematological malignance (leukemia and multiple myeloma) and liver cancer cell lines. Our analysis showed that: 1) Meticrane induced alteration in the cell viability and proliferation in leukemia cells (Jurkat and K562 cells) and liver cancer (SK-hep-1), however, no evidence of apoptosis was detectable. 2) Meticrane showed additive/synergistic effects with epigenetic inhibitors (DNMT1/5AC, HDACs/CUDC-101 and HDAC6/ACY1215). 3) A genome-wide transcriptional analysis showed that meticrane treatment induces changes in the expression of genes associated with non-cancer associated pathways. Of importance, differentially expressed genes showed favorable correlation with the survival-related genes in the cancer genome. 4) We also performed molecular docking analysis and found considerable binding affinity scores of meticrane against PD-L1, TIM-3, CD73, and HDACs. Additionally, we tested its suitability for immunotherapy against cancers, but meticrane showed no response to the cytotoxicity of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells. To our knowledge, our study is the first attempt to identify and experimentally confirm the anti-cancer potential of meticrane, being also the first to test the suitability of any non-oncology drug in CIK cell therapy. Beyond that, we have expressed some concerns confronted during testing meticrane that also apply to other non-oncology drugs when considered for future clinical or preclinical purposes. Taken together, meticrane is involved in some anticancer pathways that are passively targeting cancer cells and may be considered as compatible with epigenetic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Wang
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fangfang Ge
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongde Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- School of Nursing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lovika Mittal
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ingo G. H. Schmidt-Wolf
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Van J, Hahn Y, Silverstein B, Li C, Cai F, Wei J, Katiki L, Mehta P, Livatova K, DelPozzo J, Kobayashi T, Huang Y, Kobayashi S, Liang Q. Metformin Inhibits Autophagy, Mitophagy and Antagonizes Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyocyte Death. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DISCOVERY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 2:37-51. [PMID: 38487671 PMCID: PMC10939033 DOI: 10.53941/ijddp.0201004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The antidiabetic drug metformin has been shown to reduce cardiac injury under various pathological conditions, including anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity, which makes metformin a prime candidate for repurposing. However, the mechanisms that mediate the cardioprotective effects of metformin remain highly controversial. In this study, we tested a prevailing hypothesis that metformin activates autophagy/mitophagy to reduce DOX cardiotoxicity. FVB/N mice and H9C2 cardiac myoblasts were treated with metformin, respectively. Autophagy/mitophagy was determined by Western blot analysis of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3, form-II (LC3-II), a well-established marker of autophagic vesicles. Although metformin had minimal effects on basal LC3-II levels, it significantly inhibited the accumulation of LC3-II levels by the lysosomal protease inhibitors pepstatin A and E64d in both total cell lysates and mitochondrial fractions. Also, dual fluorescent autophagy/mitophagy reporters demonstrated that metformin slowed the degradation rate of autophagic cargos or mitochondrial fragments in the lysosomes. These surprising results suggest that metformin inhibits rather than stimulates autophagy/mitophagy, sharply contrasting the popular belief. In addition, metformin diminished DOX-induced autophagy/mitophagy as well as cardiomyocyte death. Together, these results suggest that the cardioprotective effects of metformin against DOX cardiotoxicity may be mediated by its ability to inhibit autophagy and mitophagy, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Van
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 10001, United States
| | - Younghee Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 10001, United States
| | - Brett Silverstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 10001, United States
| | - Cairong Li
- Clinical Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 332306, China
| | - Fei Cai
- Clinical Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 332306, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Lokesh Katiki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 10001, United States
| | - Puja Mehta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 10001, United States
| | - Katherine Livatova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 10001, United States
| | - Jaclyn DelPozzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 10001, United States
| | - Tamayo Kobayashi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 10001, United States
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 10001, United States
| | - Satoru Kobayashi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 10001, United States
| | - Qiangrong Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 10001, United States
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Wu XY, Xu WW, Huan XK, Wu GN, Li G, Zhou YH, Najafi M. Mechanisms of cancer cell killing by metformin: a review on different cell death pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:197-214. [PMID: 35771397 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer resistance to anti-tumour agents has been one of the serious challenges in different types of cancer treatment. Usually, an increase in the cell death markers can predict a higher rate of survival among patients diagnosed with cancer. By increasing the regulation of survival genes, cancer cells can display a higher resistance to therapy through the suppression of anti-tumour immunity and inhibition of cell death signalling pathways. Administration of certain adjuvants may be useful in order to increase the therapeutic efficiency of anti-cancer therapy through the stimulation of different cell death pathways. Several studies have demonstrated that metformin, an antidiabetic drug with anti-cancer properties, amplifies cell death mechanisms, especially apoptosis in a broad-spectrum of cancer cells. Stimulation of the immune system by metformin has been shown to play a key role in the induction of cell death. It seems that the induction or suppression of different cell death mechanisms has a pivotal role in either sensitization or resistance of cancer cells to therapy. This review explains the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cell death following anticancer therapy. Then, we discuss the modulatory roles of metformin on different cancer cell death pathways including apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, senescence, autophagy, ferroptosis and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Wen Xu
- Department of Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medi-Cine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang-Kun Huan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guan-Nan Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yu-Hong Zhou
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medi-Cine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Mu W, Jiang Y, Liang G, Feng Y, Qu F. Metformin: A Promising Antidiabetic Medication for Cancer Treatment. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:41-54. [PMID: 36336804 DOI: 10.2174/1389450124666221104094918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is a widely used drug in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and increases glucose utilization in peripheral tissues. In recent years, several studies have shown that metformin is a potential therapeutic agent against cancer, alone or combined with other anticancer treatments. Metformin mainly activates the AMPK complex and regulates intracellular energy status, inhibiting the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I and reducing the production of reactive oxygen species. Other anticancer targets of metformin are specific transcription factors inhibiting cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis and reducing drug resistance. In addition, metformin modulates tumor cells' response to anticancer treatments, favoring the activity of T cells. In diabetic patients, metformin reduces the occurrence of cancer and improves the prognosis and efficacy of anticancer treatments. In this review, we provided a comprehensive perspective of metformin as an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Precision Medicine Center, 904th Hospital of PLA, 214044 Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yunyun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Precision Medicine Center, 904th Hospital of PLA, 214044 Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Liang
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 215000 Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Precision Medicine Center, 904th Hospital of PLA, 214044 Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Falin Qu
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Precision Medicine Center, 904th Hospital of PLA, 214044 Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
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Pidchenko N. Thyroid gland cancer and insulin resistance: a modern view of the problem. УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ РАДІОЛОГІЧНИЙ ТА ОНКОЛОГІЧНИЙ ЖУРНАЛ 2022. [DOI: 10.46879/ukroj.3.2022.79-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background. The impact of insulin resistance on the probability of increase in thyroid cancer risk has been drawing a lot of attention of researchers lately. This problem is far from being completely solved. Studying this interrelationship may influence the effectiveness of the treatment of the mentioned widespread pathology.
Purpose – to review present literature sources on research of interrelationship between insulin resistance and thyroid cancer, and also possible mechanisms of this relationship.
Materials and methods. Literature search was performed manually by the keywords (thyroid cancer, insulin resistance, IGF-1, IGF-2, abdominal obesity, increase in body mass index, metformin), and also literature sources from evidential data bases PubMed, Web of Science were reviewed. Metaanalyses, systematic reviews and cohort studies were also taken into account. 148 literature sources were studied in total. The sources, which had been published within the last 10 years, were preferably selected.
Results. Insulin resistance is viewed as an important independent factor of development of numerous malignancies. The carcinogenic activity of insulin resistance is caused by the resistance itself, as well as by the metabolic disorders related to it. It has been established that excessive weight and obesity are to a great extent attributed to more aggressive clinical pathological signs of thyroid cancer. Recent research showed a larger volume of thyroid and higher risk of knot forming in patients with insulin resistance. Thus, thyroid cancer is one of the main factors of thyroid transformation. Therapeutic methods of eliminating metabolic syndrome and associated hormonal diseases for prevention and therapy of oncologic diseases are drawing ever-greater scientific interest. The anti-tumor features of metformin and its capability of retarding carcinogenesis are shown in the studies.
Conclusions. The given literature analysis has proved that the problem of treating malignant thyroid tumors and their metastasis is caused not only by morphological, cellular and molecular-biological features of the tumor itself, but also by insufficient knowledge about the interrelationship between insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, increase in body mass index, high-calorie diet and reduction of consumption of polyunsaturated fats, harmful impact of environment with molecular changes, specific for thyroid cancer. It is confirmed by a significant increase in thyroid cancer rate, especially papillary histotype, alongside with an increase in obesity rate. The studying of possibilities of decreasing incidence and mortality rates of oncologic pathology when using medications, which stabilize insulin and contribute to a decrease in degree of hyperinsulinemia, one of which is metformin, generates profound interest
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10
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Essa NM, Salem HF, Elgendy MO, Gabr A, Omran MM, Hassan NA, Tashkandi HM, Harakeh S, Boshra MS. Efficacy of Metformin as Adjuvant Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer Treatment. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195505. [PMID: 36233373 PMCID: PMC9572354 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metformin has been reported to have an anti-tumorigenic impact against metastatic breast cancer (MBC) cells through several mechanisms. Its effect can be evaluated by using many variables such as the response rate (RR) as well as the progression-free survival (PFS). Materials and methods: A prospective study was conducted to investigate and estimate the metformin effect on MBC. About 107 subjects were included in the study and were divided into two groups: Group A included non-diabetic MBC patients treated with metformin in conjunction with chemotherapy and group B included those treated with chemotherapy alone. Both PFS and RR were used as a criteria to evaluate the treatment outcome. Associated adverse effects of metformin were also assessed. Results: The average age of the participants in group A and group B was 50 vs. 47.5, respectively. No significant differences were detected between both cohorts concerning RR levels (regression disease (RD) 27.8% vs. 12.5%, stationary disease (SD) 44.4% vs. 41.7%, progression disease (PD) 27.8% vs. 45.8%, respectively, p = 0.074). Moreover, PFS showed no significant difference between both groups (p = 0.753). There was no significant correlation between metformin concentration and their adverse effects on the study participants. Conclusion: Metformin as an adjuvant therapy to MBC undergoing chemotherapy showed no significant survival benefit as determined by RR and PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan M. Essa
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Valley University, El-Kharja 72511, Egypt
| | - Heba F. Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Marwa O. Elgendy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Teaching Hospital of Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University (NUB), Beni-Suef 62764, Egypt
| | - A. Gabr
- Medical Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut 71111, Egypt
| | - Mervat M. Omran
- Pharmacology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza 11796, Egypt
| | - Nivin A. Hassan
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assuit University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M. Tashkandi
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80218, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
- Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (M.S.B.); Tel.: +966-00966559392266 (S.H.); +20-1280571448 (M.S.B.); Fax: +966-126952076 (S.H.); +20-822317953 (M.S.B.)
| | - Marian S. Boshra
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (M.S.B.); Tel.: +966-00966559392266 (S.H.); +20-1280571448 (M.S.B.); Fax: +966-126952076 (S.H.); +20-822317953 (M.S.B.)
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11
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McGeagh L, Robles LA, Persad R, Rowe E, Bahl A, Aning J, Koupparis A, Abrams P, Perks C, Holly J, Johnson L, Shiridzinomwa C, Challapalli A, Shingler E, Taylor H, Oxley J, Sandu M, Martin RM, Lane JA. Prostate cancer-Exercise and Metformin Trial (Pre-EMpT): study protocol for a feasibility factorial randomized controlled trial in men with localised or locally advanced prostate cancer. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:179. [PMID: 35962445 PMCID: PMC9372971 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence from observational studies have shown that moderate intensity physical activity can reduce risk of progression and cancer-specific mortality in participants with prostate cancer. Epidemiological studies have also shown participants taking metformin to have a reduced risk of prostate cancer. However, data from randomised controlled trials supporting the use of these interventions are limited. The Prostate cancer–Exercise and Metformin Trial examines that feasibility of randomising participants diagnosed with localised or locally advanced prostate cancer to interventions that modify physical activity and blood glucose levels. The primary outcomes are randomisation rates and adherence to the interventions over 6 months. The secondary outcomes include intervention tolerability and retention rates, measures of insulin-like growth factor I, prostate-specific antigen, physical activity, symptom-reporting, and quality of life. Methods Participants are randomised in a 2 × 2 factorial design to both a physical activity (brisk walking or control) and a pharmacological (metformin or control) intervention. Participants perform the interventions for 6 months with final measures collected at 12 months follow-up. Discussion Our trial will determine whether participants diagnosed with localised or locally advanced prostate cancer, who are scheduled for radical treatments or being monitored for signs of cancer progression, can be randomised to a 6 months physical activity and metformin intervention. The findings from our trial will inform a larger trial powered to examine the clinical benefits of these interventions. Trial registration Prostate Cancer Exercise and Metformin Trial (Pre-EMpT) is registered on the ISRCTN registry, reference number ISRCTN13543667. Date of registration 2nd August 2018–retrospectively registered. First participant was recruited on 11th September 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy McGeagh
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Supportive Cancer Care Research Group, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Luke A Robles
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Raj Persad
- Bristol Urological Institute, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Edward Rowe
- Bristol Urological Institute, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Amit Bahl
- Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Jonathan Aning
- Bristol Urological Institute, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Paul Abrams
- Bristol Urological Institute, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Claire Perks
- Insulin-like Growth Factors and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jeffrey Holly
- Insulin-like Growth Factors and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lyndsey Johnson
- Clinical Research Centre, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Amarnath Challapalli
- Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Ellie Shingler
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hilary Taylor
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jon Oxley
- Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Meda Sandu
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J Athene Lane
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. .,Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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12
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Mutant p53, the Mevalonate Pathway and the Tumor Microenvironment Regulate Tumor Response to Statin Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143500. [PMID: 35884561 PMCID: PMC9323637 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells have the ability to co-opt multiple metabolic pathways, enhance glucose uptake and utilize aerobic glycolysis to promote tumorigenesis, which are characteristics constituting an emerging hallmark of cancer. Mutated tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes are frequently responsible for enhanced metabolic pathway signaling. The link between mutant p53 and the mevalonate (MVA) pathway has been implicated in the advancement of various malignancies, with tumor cells relying heavily on increased MVA signaling to fuel their rapid growth, metastatic spread and development of therapy resistance. Statin drugs inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the pathway’s rate-limiting enzyme, and as such, have long been studied as a potential anti-cancer therapy. However, whether statins provide additional anti-cancer properties is worthy of debate. Here, we examine retrospective, prospective and pre-clinical studies involving the use of statins in various cancer types, as well as potential issues with statins’ lack of efficacy observed in clinical trials and future considerations for upcoming clinical trials.
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13
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Hong SH, Lee KS, Hwang HJ, Park SY, Han WK, Yoon YE. Synergic Effect of Metformin and Everolimus on Mitochondrial Dynamics of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071211. [PMID: 35885994 PMCID: PMC9319793 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) frequently recurs or metastasizes after surgical resection. Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, is used as a second-line treatment, but the response of RCC to everolimus is insufficient. Metformin is an antidiabetic drug; recent reports have indicated its anti-cancer effects in various cancers, and it is known to have synergistic effects with other drugs. We investigated the possibility of coadministering everolimus and metformin as an effective treatment for RCC. RCC cells treated with a combination of the two drugs showed significantly inhibited cell viability, cell migration, and invasion, and increased apoptosis compared to those treated with each drug alone. An anti-cancer synergistic effect was also confirmed in the xenograft model. Transcriptome analysis for identifying the underlying mechanism of the combined treatment showed the downregulation of mitochondrial fusion genes and upregulation of mitochondrial fission genes by the combination treatment. Changes in mitochondrial dynamics following the combination treatment were observed using LysoTracker, LysoSensor, and JC-1 staining. In conclusion, the combination of everolimus and metformin inhibited RCC growth by disrupting mitochondrial dynamics. Therefore, we suggest that a treatment combining metformin and everolimus disrupts mitochondrial dynamics in RCC, and may be a novel strategy for RCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hwi Hong
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (H.-J.H.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Kwang-Suk Lee
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Ji Hwang
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (H.-J.H.); (S.-Y.P.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Sung-Yul Park
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (H.-J.H.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Woong-Kyu Han
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Correspondence: (W.-K.H.); (Y.-E.Y.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-2310 (W.-K.H.); +82-2-2290-8593 (Y.-E.Y.); Fax: +82-2-312-2538 (W.-K.H.); +82-2-2299-2186 (Y.-E.Y.)
| | - Young-Eun Yoon
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (H.-J.H.); (S.-Y.P.)
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, Hanyang University Graduate School, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: (W.-K.H.); (Y.-E.Y.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-2310 (W.-K.H.); +82-2-2290-8593 (Y.-E.Y.); Fax: +82-2-312-2538 (W.-K.H.); +82-2-2299-2186 (Y.-E.Y.)
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14
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Hu L, Liu J, Shimada H, Ito M, Sugimoto K, Hiwasa T, Zhou Q, Li J, Shen S, Wang H. Serum Anti-BRAT1 is a Common Molecular Biomarker for Gastrointestinal Cancers and Atherosclerosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:870086. [PMID: 35656505 PMCID: PMC9152111 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.870086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) and cancers are major global causes of mortality and morbidity. They also share common modifiable pathogenesis risk factors. As the same strategies used to predict AS could also detect certain cancers, we sought novel serum antibody biomarkers of cancers in atherosclerotic sera sampled by liquid biopsy. Using serological antigen identification by cDNA expression cloning (SEREX) and western blot, we screened and detected the antigens BRCA1-Associated ATM Activator 1 (BRAT1) and WD Repeat Domain 1 (WDR1) in the sera of patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA). Amplified luminescence proximity homogeneous assay-linked immunosorbent assay (AlphaLISA) established the upregulation of serum BRAT1 antibody (BRAT1-Abs) and WDR1 antibody (WDR1-Abs) in patients with AS-related diseases compared with healthy subjects. ROC and Spearman’s correlation analyses showed that BRAT1-Abs and WDR1-Abs could detect AS-related diseases. Thus, serum BRAT1-Abs and WDR1-Abs are potential AS biomarkers. We used online databases and AlphaLISA detection to compare relative antigen and serum antibody expression and found high BRAT1 and BRAT1-Abs expression in patients with GI cancers. Significant increases (> 0.6) in the AUC for BRAT1-Ab vs. esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer suggested that BRAT1-Ab exhibited better predictive potential for GI cancers than WDR1-Ab. There was no significant difference in overall survival (OS) between BRAT1-Ab groups (P = 0.12). Nevertheless, a log-rank test disclosed that the highest serum BRAT1-Ab levels were associated with poor ESCC prognosis at 5–60 weeks post-surgery. We validated the foregoing conclusions by comparing serum BRAT1-Ab and WDR1-Ab levels based on the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients with ESCC. Multiple statistical approaches established a correlation between serum BRAT1-Ab levels and platelet counts. BRAT1-Ab upregulation may enable early detection of AS and GI cancers and facilitate the delay of disease progression. Thus, BRAT1-Ab is a potential antibody biomarker for the diagnosis of AS and GI cancers and strongly supports the routine clinical application of liquid biopsy in chronic disease detection and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubing Hu
- Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyue Liu
- Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sugimoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Takaki Hiwasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianshuang Li
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si Shen
- Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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15
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El Zarif T, Yibirin M, De Oliveira-Gomes D, Machaalani M, Nawfal R, Bittar G, Bahmad HF, Bitar N. Overcoming Therapy Resistance in Colon Cancer by Drug Repurposing. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092105. [PMID: 35565237 PMCID: PMC9099737 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite improvements in standardized screening methods and the development of promising therapies for colorectal cancer (CRC), survival rates are still low. Drug repurposing offers an affordable solution to achieve new indications for previously approved drugs that could play a protagonist or adjuvant role in the treatment of CRC. In this review, we summarize the current data supporting drug repurposing as a feasible option for patients with CRC. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. Despite improvement in standardized screening methods and the development of promising therapies, the 5-year survival rates are as low as 10% in the metastatic setting. The increasing life expectancy of the general population, higher rates of obesity, poor diet, and comorbidities contribute to the increasing trends in incidence. Drug repurposing offers an affordable solution to achieve new indications for previously approved drugs that could play a protagonist or adjuvant role in the treatment of CRC with the advantage of treating underlying comorbidities and decreasing chemotherapy toxicity. This review elaborates on the current data that supports drug repurposing as a feasible option for patients with CRC with a focus on the evidence and mechanism of action promising repurposed candidates that are widely used, including but not limited to anti-malarial, anti-helminthic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-diabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal El Zarif
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut 1003, Lebanon; (T.E.Z.); (M.M.); (R.N.)
| | - Marcel Yibirin
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02218, USA;
| | - Diana De Oliveira-Gomes
- Department of Research, Foundation for Clinic, Public Health, and Epidemiological Research of Venezuela (FISPEVEN), Caracas 1050, Venezuela;
| | - Marc Machaalani
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut 1003, Lebanon; (T.E.Z.); (M.M.); (R.N.)
| | - Rashad Nawfal
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut 1003, Lebanon; (T.E.Z.); (M.M.); (R.N.)
| | | | - Hisham F. Bahmad
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-786-961-0216
| | - Nizar Bitar
- Head of Hematology-Oncology Division, Sahel General Hospital, Beirut 1002, Lebanon;
- President of the Lebanese Society of Medical Oncology (LSMO), Beirut 1003, Lebanon
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16
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Rusanov DA, Zou J, Babak MV. Biological Properties of Transition Metal Complexes with Metformin and Its Analogues. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040453. [PMID: 35455450 PMCID: PMC9031419 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a widely prescribed medication for the treatment and management of type 2 diabetes. It belongs to a class of biguanides, which are characterized by a wide range of diverse biological properties, including anticancer, antimicrobial, antimalarial, cardioprotective and other activities. It is known that biguanides serve as excellent N-donor bidentate ligands and readily form complexes with virtually all transition metals. Recent evidence suggests that the mechanism of action of metformin and its analogues is linked to their metal-binding properties. These findings prompted us to summarize the existing data on the synthetic strategies and biological properties of various metal complexes with metformin and its analogues. We demonstrated that coordination of biologically active biguanides to various metal centers often resulted in an improved pharmacological profile, including reduced drug resistance as well as a wider spectrum of activity. In addition, coordination to the redox-active metal centers, such as Au(III), allowed for various activatable strategies, leading to the selective activation of the prodrugs and reduced off-target toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil A. Rusanov
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (D.A.R.); (J.Z.)
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jiaying Zou
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (D.A.R.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maria V. Babak
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (D.A.R.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Effects of Cisplatin Combined with Metformin on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2056247. [PMID: 35422875 PMCID: PMC9005312 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2056247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an invasive squamous cell carcinoma located in the nasopharynx. NPC has a high recurrence risk after initial treatment due to its high metastatic and immune escape potential. One study has found that metformin can improve cancer outcomes and reduce cancer incidence. Objective With antitumor activity, metformin can have low toxicity when used in combination with some common chemotherapy drugs. This study was designed to explore the effects of cisplatin combined with metformin on the proliferation and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. Methods An appropriate cisplatin concentration was selected for NPC cells, and the cells were treated with metformin at a gradient concentration, and then, some of them were treated with cisplatin. Subsequently, the biological effects (activity, migration, invasion, and apoptosis) of metformin alone and metformin combined with cisplatin on NPC cells were evaluated. Results Metformin alone inhibited cell activity, migration, and invasion and promoted cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner, while compared with cisplatin alone, cisplatin combined with metformin had stronger inhibition on cell activity, migration, and invasion and stronger induction to cell apoptosis, and a higher concentration of them demonstrated stronger effects. Conclusion Cisplatin combined with metformin can strongly inhibit the activity of NPC cells and promote their apoptosis.
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18
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Gulla A, Andriusaityte U, Zdanys GT, Babonaite E, Strupas K, Kelly H. The Impact of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Metformin on Pancreatic Cancer Chemoresistance: A Pathway towards Individualized Therapy. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:467. [PMID: 35454306 PMCID: PMC9032206 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Globally, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains among the most aggressive forms of neoplastic diseases, having a dismal prognostic outcome. Recent findings elucidated that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) can play an important role in pancreatic tumorigenic processes, as it contributes to the manifestation of malignant proliferative masses, which impede adequate drug delivery. An organized literature search with PubMed, Scopus, Microsoft Academic and the Cochrane library was performed for articles published in English from 2011 to 2021 to review and summarize the latest updates and knowledge on the current understanding of EMT and its implications for tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Furthermore, in the present paper, we investigate the recent findings on metformin as a possible neoadjuvant chemotherapy agent, which affects EMT progression and potentially provides superior oncological outcomes for PDAC patients. Our main conclusions indicate that selectively suppressing EMT in pancreatic cancer cells has a promising therapeutic utility by selectively targeting the chemotherapy-resistant sub-population of cancer stem cells, inhibiting tumor growth via EMT pathways and thereby improving remission in PDAC patients. Moreover, given that TGF-β1-driven EMT generates the migration of tumor-initiating cells by directly linking the acquisition of abnormal cellular motility with the maintenance of tumor initiating potency, the chemoprevention of TGF-β1-induced EMT may have promising clinical applications in the therapeutic management of PDAC outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiste Gulla
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Surgery, Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu Str. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Center of Visceral Medicine and Translational Research, Department of Surgery, Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest BLES Building 1st. Floor, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Urte Andriusaityte
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio Str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (U.A.); (G.T.Z.); (E.B.)
| | - Gabrielius Tomas Zdanys
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio Str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (U.A.); (G.T.Z.); (E.B.)
| | - Elena Babonaite
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio Str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (U.A.); (G.T.Z.); (E.B.)
| | - Kestutis Strupas
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Surgery, Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu Str. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Helena Kelly
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
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19
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Nassif RM, Chalhoub E, Chedid P, Hurtado-Nedelec M, Raya E, Dang PMC, Marie JC, El-Benna J. Metformin Inhibits ROS Production by Human M2 Macrophages via the Activation of AMPK. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020319. [PMID: 35203528 PMCID: PMC8869356 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride) is the most commonly used drug to treat type II diabetic patients. It is believed that this drug has several other beneficial effects, such as anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Here, we wanted to evaluate the effect of metformin on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by human macrophages. Macrophages are generated in vivo from circulating monocytes depending on the local tissue environment. In vitro proinflammatory macrophages (M1) and anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2) can be generated by culturing monocytes in the presence of different cytokines, such as GM-CSF or M-CSF, respectively. We show that metformin selectively inhibited human monocyte differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages (M1) without inhibiting their differentiation into anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2). Moreover, we demonstrate that, in response to LPS, M2 macrophages produced ROS, which could be very harmful for nearby tissues, and metformin inhibited this process. Interestingly, metformin with LPS induced activation of the adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and pharmacological activation of AMPK by AICAR, a known AMPK activator, decreased ROS production, whereas the deletion of AMPK in mice dramatically enhanced ROS production in different types of immune cells. These results suggest that metformin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the differentiation of human monocytes into M1 macrophages and by limiting ROS production by macrophages via the activation of AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M. Nassif
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 55251 Sin El Fil, Beirut 1100-2807, Lebanon; (R.M.N.); (E.C.); (P.C.); (E.R.)
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Université de Paris, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, 75018 Paris, France; (M.H.-N.); (P.M.-C.D.); (J.-C.M.)
| | - Elias Chalhoub
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 55251 Sin El Fil, Beirut 1100-2807, Lebanon; (R.M.N.); (E.C.); (P.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Pia Chedid
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 55251 Sin El Fil, Beirut 1100-2807, Lebanon; (R.M.N.); (E.C.); (P.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Margarita Hurtado-Nedelec
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Université de Paris, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, 75018 Paris, France; (M.H.-N.); (P.M.-C.D.); (J.-C.M.)
| | - Elia Raya
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 55251 Sin El Fil, Beirut 1100-2807, Lebanon; (R.M.N.); (E.C.); (P.C.); (E.R.)
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Université de Paris, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, 75018 Paris, France; (M.H.-N.); (P.M.-C.D.); (J.-C.M.)
| | - Jean-Claude Marie
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Université de Paris, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, 75018 Paris, France; (M.H.-N.); (P.M.-C.D.); (J.-C.M.)
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Université de Paris, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, 75018 Paris, France; (M.H.-N.); (P.M.-C.D.); (J.-C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-57-27-77-23; Fax: +33-1-57-27-74-61
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20
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Singh M, Nicol AT, DelPozzo J, Wei J, Singh M, Nguyen T, Kobayashi S, Liang Q. Demystifying the Relationship Between Metformin, AMPK, and Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:839644. [PMID: 35141304 PMCID: PMC8818847 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.839644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an extremely effective and wide-spectrum anticancer drug, but its long-term use can lead to heart failure, which presents a serious problem to millions of cancer survivors who have been treated with DOX. Thus, identifying agents that can reduce DOX cardiotoxicity and concurrently enhance its antitumor efficacy would be of great clinical value. In this respect, the classical antidiabetic drug metformin (MET) has stood out, appearing to have both antitumor and cardioprotective properties. MET is proposed to achieve these beneficial effects through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an essential regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis and energy metabolism. AMPK itself has been shown to protect the heart and modulate tumor growth under certain conditions. However, the role and mechanism of the hypothesized MET-AMPK axis in DOX cardiotoxicity and antitumor efficacy remain to be firmly established by in vivo studies using tumor-bearing animal models and large-scale prospective clinical trials. This review summarizes currently available literature for or against a role of AMPK in MET-mediated protection against DOX cardiotoxicity. It also highlights the emerging evidence suggesting distinct roles of the AMPK subunit isoforms in mediating the functions of unique AMPK holoenzymes composed of different combinations of isoforms. Moreover, the review provides a perspective regarding future studies that may help fully elucidate the relationship between MET, AMPK and DOX cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manrose Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Akito T. Nicol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Jaclyn DelPozzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian, China
| | - Mandeep Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Tony Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Satoru Kobayashi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Qiangrong Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Qiangrong Liang
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21
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Ala M, Ala M. Metformin for Cardiovascular Protection, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Osteoporosis, Periodontitis, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Neurodegeneration, Cancer, Inflammation and Senescence: What Is Next? ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1747-1770. [PMID: 34927008 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is accompanied by several complications. Higher prevalence of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease (CKD), obesity, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative diseases has been reported among patients with diabetes. Metformin is the oldest oral antidiabetic drug and can improve coexisting complications of diabetes. Clinical trials and observational studies uncovered that metformin can remarkably prevent or alleviate cardiovascular diseases, obesity, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), osteoporosis, cancer, periodontitis, neuronal damage and neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), tuberculosis, and COVID-19. In addition, metformin has been proposed as an antiaging agent. Numerous mechanisms were shown to be involved in the protective effects of metformin. Metformin activates the LKB1/AMPK pathway to interact with several intracellular signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. The drug modifies the biologic function of NF-κB, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, SIRT1/PGC-1α, NLRP3, ERK, P38 MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, Nrf2, JNK, and other major molecules in the intracellular signaling network. It also regulates the expression of noncoding RNAs. Thereby, metformin can regulate metabolism, growth, proliferation, inflammation, tumorigenesis, and senescence. Additionally, metformin modulates immune response, autophagy, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis and exerts epigenetic effects. Furthermore, metformin protects against oxidative stress and genomic instability, preserves telomere length, and prevents stem cell exhaustion. In this review, the protective effects of metformin on each disease will be discussed using the results of recent meta-analyses, clinical trials, and observational studies. Thereafter, it will be meticulously explained how metformin reprograms intracellular signaling pathways and alters molecular and cellular interactions to modify the clinical presentations of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), 1416753955 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahan Ala
- School of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS), 4814565589 Golestan, Iran
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22
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Tong Y, Zhang J, Wang L, Wang Q, Huang H, Chen X, Zhang Q, Li H, Sun N, Liu G, Zhang B, Song F, Alterovitz G, Dai H, Zhang L. Hyper-Synergistic Antifungal Activity of Rapamycin and Peptide-Like Compounds against Candida albicans Orthogonally via Tor1 Kinase. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2826-2835. [PMID: 34514778 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a life-threatening, opportunistic fungal pathogen with a high mortality rate, especially within the immunocompromised populations. Multidrug resistance combined with limited antifungal drugs even worsens the situation. Given the facts that the current drug discovery strategies fail to deliver sufficient antifungals for the emerging multidrug resistance, we urgently need to develop novel approaches. By systematically investigating what caused the different antifungal activity of rapamycin in RPMI 1640 and YPD, we discovered that peptide-like compounds can generate a hyper-synergistic antifungal effect with rapamycin on both azole-resistant and sensitive clinical C. albicans isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of rapamycin reaches as low as 2.14 nM (2-9 μg/mL), distinguishing this drug combination as a hyper-synergism by having a fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index ≤ 0.05 from the traditional defined synergism with an FIC index < 0.5. Further studies reveal that this hyper-synergism orthogonally targets the protein Tor1 and affects the TOR signaling pathway in C. albicans, very likely without crosstalk to the stress response, Ras/cAMP/PKA, or calcineurin signaling pathways. These results lead to a novel strategy of controlling drug resistant C. albicans infection in the immunocompromised populations. Instead of prophylactically administering other antifungals with undesirable side-effects for extended durations, we now only need to coadminister some nontoxic peptide additives. The novel antifungal strategy approached in this study not only provides a new therapeutic method to control fungal infections in rapamycin-taking immunocompromised patients but also mitigates the immunosuppressive side-effects of rapamycin, repurposing rapamycin as an antifungal agent with wide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojun Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Luoqiang Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing 100101, China
- Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qinqin Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiangyin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hantian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nuo Sun
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | | | - Fuhang Song
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Gil Alterovitz
- National Artificial Intelligence Institute, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC 20420, United States
| | - Huanqin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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23
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Taukulis IA, Olszewski RT, Korrapati S, Fernandez KA, Boger ET, Fitzgerald TS, Morell RJ, Cunningham LL, Hoa M. Single-Cell RNA-Seq of Cisplatin-Treated Adult Stria Vascularis Identifies Cell Type-Specific Regulatory Networks and Novel Therapeutic Gene Targets. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:718241. [PMID: 34566577 PMCID: PMC8458580 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.718241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocochlear potential (EP) generated by the stria vascularis (SV) is necessary for hair cell mechanotransduction in the mammalian cochlea. We sought to create a model of EP dysfunction for the purposes of transcriptional analysis and treatment testing. By administering a single dose of cisplatin, a commonly prescribed cancer treatment drug with ototoxic side effects, to the adult mouse, we acutely disrupt EP generation. By combining these data with single cell RNA-sequencing findings, we identify transcriptional changes induced by cisplatin exposure, and by extension transcriptional changes accompanying EP reduction, in the major cell types of the SV. We use these data to identify gene regulatory networks unique to cisplatin treated SV, as well as the differentially expressed and druggable gene targets within those networks. Our results reconstruct transcriptional responses that occur in gene expression on the cellular level while identifying possible targets for interventions not only in cisplatin ototoxicity but also in EP dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. Taukulis
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rafal T. Olszewski
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Soumya Korrapati
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Katharine A. Fernandez
- Laboratory of Hearing Biology and Therapeutics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Erich T. Boger
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tracy S. Fitzgerald
- Mouse Auditory Testing Core Facility, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Robert J. Morell
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lisa L. Cunningham
- Laboratory of Hearing Biology and Therapeutics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael Hoa
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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24
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Chomanicova N, Gazova A, Adamickova A, Valaskova S, Kyselovic J. The role of AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in anticancer activity of metformin. Physiol Res 2021; 70:501-508. [PMID: 34062070 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MTF) is a widely used drug for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and frequently used as an adjuvant therapy for polycystic ovarian syndrome, metabolic syndrome, and in some cases also tuberculosis. Its protective effect on the cardiovascular system has also been described. Recently, MTF was subjected to various analyzes and studies that showed its beneficial effects in cancer treatment such as reducing cancer cell proliferation, reducing tumor growth, inducing apoptosis, reducing cancer risk in diabetic patients, or reducing likelihood of relapse. One of the MTF's mechanisms of action is the activation of adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Several studies have shown that AMPK/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has anticancer effect in vivo and in vitro. The aim of this review is to present the anticancer activity of MTF highlighting the importance of the AMPK/mTOR pathway in the cancer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chomanicova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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25
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Drug Repurposing to Identify a Synergistic High-Order Drug Combination to Treat Sunitinib-Resistant Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163978. [PMID: 34439134 PMCID: PMC8391235 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, drug combination screening was used to design a multidrug combination consisting of repurposed drugs to treat sunitinib-resistant clear cell renal cell carcinoma. In the frame of this project, the multidrug combination has been optimized and validated and an insight into the mechanism of action is given. The multidrug combinations significantly altered the transcription of genes related to apoptosis and metabolic pathways. Further analysis of the metabolism revealed strong upregulation of the presence of sphingolipids after multidrug combination treatment. Final evaluation for translation of the multidrug combination in ex vivo organoid-like cultures demonstrated significant anti-cancer efficacy. Abstract Repurposed drugs have been evaluated for the management of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), but only a few have influenced the overall survival of patients with advanced disease. To combine repurposed non-oncology with oncological drugs, we applied our validated phenotypic method, which consisted of a reduced experimental part and data modeling. A synergistic optimized multidrug combination (ODC) was identified to significantly reduce the energy levels in cancer remaining inactive in non-cancerous cells. The ODC consisted of Rapta-C, erlotinib, metformin and parthenolide and low doses. Molecular and functional analysis of ODC revealed a loss of adhesiveness and induction of apoptosis. Gene-expression network analysis displayed significant alterations in the cellular metabolism, confirmed by LC-MS based metabolomic analysis, highlighting significant changes in the lipid classes. We used heterotypic in vitro 3D co-cultures and ex vivo organoids to validate the activity of the ODC, maintaining an efficacy of over 70%. Our results show that repurposed drugs can be combined to target cancer cells selectively with prominent activity. The strong impact on cell adherence and metabolism indicates a favorable mechanism of action of the ODC to treat ccRCC.
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26
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Stochino-Loi E, Major AL, Gillon TER, Ayoubi JM, Feki A, Bouquet de Joliniere J. Metformin, the Rise of a New Medical Therapy for Endometriosis? A Systematic Review of the Literature. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:581311. [PMID: 34046415 PMCID: PMC8144644 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.581311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical treatments for endometriosis aim to control pain symptoms and stop progression of endometriotic lesions. However, their adverse effects and their contraceptive effect in women who desire pregnancy, limit their long terms use. Although there is only one study investigating the effects of metformin on women with endometriosis, metformin seems to have a unique therapeutic potential. It may be a helpful anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative agent in the treatment of endometriosis. As such metformin may be more beneficial thanks to the lack of serious side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Stochino-Loi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Attila L Major
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Femina Gynecology Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tessa E R Gillon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Ayoubi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Foch Hospital, University of West Paris, Suresnes, France
| | - Anis Feki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jean Bouquet de Joliniere
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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27
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Depreter B, De Moerloose B, Vandepoele K, Uyttebroeck A, Van Damme A, Terras E, Denys B, Dedeken L, Dresse MF, Van der Werff Ten Bosch J, Hofmans M, Philippé J, Lammens T. Deciphering molecular heterogeneity in pediatric AML using a cancer vs. normal transcriptomic approach. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1695-1705. [PMID: 33069162 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Still 30-40% of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (pedAML) patients relapse. Delineation of the transcriptomic profile of leukemic subpopulations could aid in a better understanding of molecular biology and provide novel biomarkers. METHODS Using microarray profiling and quantitative PCR validation, transcript expression was measured in leukemic stem cells (LSC, n = 24) and leukemic blasts (L-blast, n = 25) from pedAML patients in comparison to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs, n = 19) and control myeloblasts (C-blast, n = 20) sorted from healthy subjects. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to identify relevant gene set enrichment signatures, and functional protein associations were identified by STRING analysis. RESULTS Highly significantly overexpressed genes in LSC and L-blast were identified with a vast majority not studied in AML. CDKN1A, CFP, and CFD (LSC) and HOMER3, CTSA, and GADD45B (L-blast) represent potentially interesting biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Eleven LSC downregulated targets were identified that potentially qualify as tumor suppressor genes, with MYCT1, PBX1, and PTPRD of highest interest. Inflammatory and immune dysregulation appeared to be perturbed biological networks in LSC, whereas dysregulated metabolic profiles were observed in L-blast. CONCLUSION Our study illustrates the power of taking into account cell population heterogeneity and reveals novel targets eligible for functional evaluation and therapy in pedAML. IMPACT Novel transcriptional targets were discovered showing a significant differential expression in LSCs and blasts from pedAML patients compared to their normal counterparts from healthy controls. Deregulated pathways, including immune and metabolic dysregulation, were addressed for the first time in children, offering a deeper understanding of the molecular pathogenesis. These novel targets have the potential of acting as biomarkers for risk stratification, follow-up, and targeted therapy. Multiple LSC-downregulated targets endow tumor suppressor roles in other cancer entities, and further investigation whether hypomethylating therapy could result into LSC eradication in pedAML is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Depreter
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Barbara De Moerloose
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karl Vandepoele
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Uyttebroeck
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Van Damme
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University Hospital Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva Terras
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara Denys
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurence Dedeken
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Mattias Hofmans
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Philippé
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Lammens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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28
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Berkovic MC, Mikulic D, Bilic-Curcic I, Mrzljak A. How far along are we in revealing the connection between metformin and colorectal cancer? World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:1362-1368. [PMID: 33911461 PMCID: PMC8047538 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i14.1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most prevalent cancers worldwide, and its prevention and reduction of incidence is imperative. The presence of diabetes has been associated with a 30% increased risk of CRC, likely through the mechanism of hyperinsulinemia, which promotes tumorigenesis via the insulin receptor in the epithelium or by insulin-like growth factor pathways, inflammation, or adipokines, inducing cancer cell proliferation and cancer spread. Metformin, the first-line agent in treating type 2 diabetes, has a chemopreventive role in CRC development. Additionally, preclinical studies suggest synergistic effects of metformin with oxaliplatin in inhibiting in vitro models of colon cancer. Although preclinical studies on the post diagnostic use of metformin were promising and suggested its synergistic effects with chemotherapy, the data on the possible effects of metformin after surgery and other CRC treatment in the clinical setting are less conclusive, and randomized controlled trials are still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Cigrovski Berkovic
- Department of Kinesiological Anthropology and Methodology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Danko Mikulic
- Department of Surgery, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ines Bilic-Curcic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
- Clinical Hospital Center Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Anna Mrzljak
- Department of Medicine, Merkur University Hospital, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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29
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Repositioning metformin and propranolol for colorectal and triple negative breast cancers treatment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8091. [PMID: 33854147 PMCID: PMC8047046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repositioning refers to new uses for existing drugs outside the scope of the original medical indications. This approach fastens the process of drug development allowing finding effective drugs with reduced side effects and lower costs. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is often diagnosed at advanced stages, when the probability of chemotherapy resistance is higher. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive type of breast cancer, highly metastatic and difficult to treat. For both tumor types, available treatments are generally associated to severe side effects. In our work, we explored the effect of combining metformin and propranolol, two repositioned drugs, in both tumor types. We demonstrate that treatment affects viability, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migratory potential of CRC cells as we described before for TNBC. We show that combined treatment affects different steps leading to metastasis in TNBC. Moreover, combined treatment is also effective preventing the development of 5-FU resistant CRC. Our data suggest that combination of metformin and propranolol could be useful as a putative adjuvant treatment for both TNBC and CRC and an alternative for chemo-resistant CRC, providing a low-cost alternative therapy without associated toxicity.
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30
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Rossini M, Martini F, Torreggiani E, Fortini F, Aquila G, Sega FVD, Patergnani S, Pinton P, Maniscalco P, Cavallesco G, Rizzo P, Tognon M. Metformin Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Notch1 in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:534499. [PMID: 33537296 PMCID: PMC7849608 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.534499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive asbestos-related cancer arising from the mesothelial cells lining the pleural cavity. MPM is characterized by a silent clinical progression and a highly resistance to conventional chemo/radio-therapies. MPM patients die in a few months/years from diagnosis. Notch signaling is a well-conserved cell communication system, which regulates many biological processes. In humans, the dysregulation of Notch pathway potentially contributes to cancer onset/progression, including MPM. Metformin is the first-line drug used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin is proven to be an effective antitumor drug in preclinical models of different types of cancer. To date, clinical efficacy is being studied in many clinical trials. In this study, the anti-proliferative effect of metformin on MPM cells and the putative involvement of Notch1 as a mediator of metformin activities, were investigated. MPM cells showed high levels of Notch1 activation compared to normal pleural mesothelial cells. Furthermore, metformin treatment hampered MPM cell proliferation and enhanced the apoptotic process, accompanied by decreased Notch1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Rossini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory for Technology of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Torreggiani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Fortini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Aquila
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Simone Patergnani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory for Technology of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory for Technology of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pio Maniscalco
- Surgery Unit, Sant'Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Paola Rizzo
- Laboratory for Technology of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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31
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Takamatsu Y, Ho G, Wada R, Inoue S, Hashimoto M. Adiponectin paradox as a therapeutic target of the cancer evolvability in aging. Neoplasia 2021; 23:112-117. [PMID: 33310207 PMCID: PMC7726259 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent study suggests that protofibril-formation of amyloidogenic proteins (APs) might be involved in evolvability, an epigenetic inheritance of multiple stresses, in various biological systems. In cancer, evolvability of multiple APs, such as p53, γ-synuclein and the members of the calcitonin family of peptides, might be involved in various features, including increased cell proliferation, metastasis and medical treatment resistance. In this context, the objective of this paper is to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of reduced APs evolvability against cancer. Notably, the same APs are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease and cancer. Given the unsatisfactory outcomes of recent clinical trial of Aβ immunotherapy in Alzheimer's disease, it is possible that suppressing the aggregation of individual APs might also be not effective in cancer. As such, we highlight the adiponectin (APN) paradox that might be positioned upstream of AP aggregation in both neurodegenerative disease and cancer, as a common therapeutic target in both disease types. Provided that the APN paradox due to APN resistance under the diabetic conditions might promote AP aggregation, suppressing the APN paradox combined with antidiabetic treatments might be effective for the therapy of both neurodegenerative disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Takamatsu
- Laboratory for Parkinson's disease, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gilbert Ho
- PCND Neuroscience Research Institute, Poway, CA, USA
| | - Ryoko Wada
- Laboratory for Parkinson's disease, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Laboratory for Parkinson's disease, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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32
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Hsieh MH, Kao TY, Hsieh TH, Kao CC, Peng CY, Lai HC, Chuang PH, Kao JT. Prognostic roles of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib. PLoS One 2021; 15:e0244293. [PMID: 33382703 PMCID: PMC7775090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It remains limited whether diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) affect the prognosis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with sorafenib. Our study attempted to elucidate the roles of DM/HTN and the effects of diabetes medications among advanced HCC patients receiving sorafenib. METHODS From August 2012 to February 2018, 733 advanced HCC patients receiving sorafenib were enrolled at China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. According to the presence/absence of DM or HTN, they were divided into four groups: control [DM(-)/HTN(-), n = 353], DM-only [DM(+)/HTN(-), n = 91], HTN-only [DM(-)/HTN(+), n = 184] and DM+HTN groups [DM(+)/HTN(+), n = 105]. Based on the types of diabetes medications, there were three groups among DM patients (the combined cohort of DM-only and DM+HTN groups), including metformin (n = 63), non-metformin oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA) (n = 104) and regular insulin (RI)/neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) groups (n = 29). We then assessed the survival differences between these groups. RESULTS DM-only and DM+HTN groups significantly presented longer overall survival (OS) than control group (control vs. DM-only, 7.70 vs. 11.83 months, p = 0.003; control vs. DM+HTN, 7.70 vs. 11.43 months, p = 0.008). However, there was no significant OS difference between control and HTN-only group (7.70 vs. 8.80 months, p = 0.111). Besides, all groups of DM patients showed significantly longer OS than control group (control vs. metformin, 7.70 vs. 12.60 months, p = 0.011; control vs. non-metformin OHA, 7.70 vs. 10.80 months, p = 0.016; control vs. RI/NPH, 7.70 vs. 15.20 months, p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS Rather than HTN, DM predicts better prognosis in advanced HCC treated with sorafenib. Besides, metformin, non-metformin OHA and RI/NPH are associated with longer survival among DM-related advanced HCC patients receiving sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Han Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hui Hsieh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yuan Peng
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Chou Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Heng Chuang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Ta Kao
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Bojja SL, Medhi B, Anand S, Bhatia A, Joshi R, Minz RW. Metformin ameliorates the status epilepticus- induced hippocampal pathology through possible mTOR modulation. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:137-151. [PMID: 33386490 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The initial precipitating injury such as SE progresses to chronic epilepsy through multiple epileptogenic processes. Early epileptogenic events are generally characterized by neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and abnormal neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Metformin has exhibited anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in numerous studies. The current study attempts to investigate the effect of metformin on seizure-induced inflammation and neuronal degeneration, and the involvement of the mTOR pathway. Status epilepticus (SE) was induced in male Wistar rats with systemic administration of Lithium (127 mg/kg) and Pilocarpine (30 mg/kg). In test rats, Metformin 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg was administered orally for 7 days, followed by SE induction. Results indicate that metformin did not alter the SE profile significantly which was evident by the behavioural scoring and electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. However, metformin 200 mg/kg attenuated the SE-induced glial activation (p < 0.01), up regulated mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines (p < 0.001) and chemokines (p < 0.001) and enhanced BBB permeability (p < 0.05). In addition, metformin ameliorated the insult-induced region-specific neuronal damage (p < 0.01) and restored the hippocampal neuronal density. Metformin significantly inhibited phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein (phospho-S6rp) (p < 0.05), thus demonstrating that the beneficial effects might be partly mediated by the mTOR pathway. The study thus reiterates that mTOR signalling is one of the mechanisms involved in inflammation and neurodegeneration in early epileptogenesis following SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Lalitha Bojja
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Shashi Anand
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rupa Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ranjana W Minz
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Peña-Oyarzún D, Reyes M, Hernández-Cáceres MP, Kretschmar C, Morselli E, Ramirez-Sarmiento CA, Lavandero S, Torres VA, Criollo A. Role of Autophagy in the Microenvironment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:602661. [PMID: 33363032 PMCID: PMC7756113 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.602661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma, the most common type of oral cancer, affects more than 275,000 people per year worldwide. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is very aggressive, as most patients die after 3 to 5 years post-diagnosis. The initiation and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma are multifactorial: smoking, alcohol consumption, and human papilloma virus infection are among the causes that promote its development. Although oral squamous cell carcinoma involves abnormal growth and migration of oral epithelial cells, other cell types such as fibroblasts and immune cells form the carcinoma niche. An underlying inflammatory state within the oral tissue promotes differential stress-related responses that favor oral squamous cell carcinoma. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process that allows cancer cells to survive under stress conditions. Autophagy degrades cellular components by sequestering them in vesicles called autophagosomes, which ultimately fuse with lysosomes. Although several autophagy markers have been associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma, it remains unclear whether up- or down-regulation of autophagy favors its progression. Autophagy levels during oral squamous cell carcinoma are both timing- and cell-specific. Here we discuss how autophagy is required to establish a new cellular microenvironment in oral squamous cell carcinoma and how autophagy drives the phenotypic change of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by promoting crosstalk between carcinoma cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Peña-Oyarzún
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Odontología, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Montserrat Reyes
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Hernández-Cáceres
- Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Kretschmar
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Odontología, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cesar A Ramirez-Sarmiento
- Facultades de Ingenieria, Medicina y Ciencias Biológicas, Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Vicente A Torres
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Odontología, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Odontología, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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35
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Wang C, Chen B, Feng Q, Nie C, Li T. Clinical perspectives and concerns of metformin as an anti-aging drug. Aging Med (Milton) 2020; 3:266-275. [PMID: 33392433 PMCID: PMC7771567 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As percentages of elderly people rise in many societies, age-related diseases have become more prevalent than ever. Research interests have been shifting to delaying age-related diseases by delaying or reversing aging itself. We use metformin as an entry point to talk about the important molecular and genetic longevity-regulating mechanisms that have been extensively studied with it. Then we review a number of observational studies, animal studies, and clinical trials to reflect the clinical potentials of the mechanisms in lifespan extension, cardiovascular diseases, tumors, and neurodegeneration. Finally, we highlight remaining concerns that are related to metformin and future anti-aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyao Wang
- BGI‐ShenzhenBeishan Industrial ZoneShenzhenChina
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of RochesterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Bangwei Chen
- BGI‐ShenzhenBeishan Industrial ZoneShenzhenChina
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Qian Feng
- BGI‐ShenzhenBeishan Industrial ZoneShenzhenChina
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Chao Nie
- BGI‐ShenzhenBeishan Industrial ZoneShenzhenChina
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Tao Li
- BGI‐ShenzhenBeishan Industrial ZoneShenzhenChina
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
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36
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Khan T, Sullivan MA, Gunter JH, Kryza T, Lyons N, He Y, Hooper JD. Revisiting Glycogen in Cancer: A Conspicuous and Targetable Enabler of Malignant Transformation. Front Oncol 2020; 10:592455. [PMID: 33224887 PMCID: PMC7667517 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.592455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Once thought to be exclusively a storage hub for glucose, glycogen is now known to be essential in a range of physiological processes and pathological conditions. Glycogen lies at the nexus of diverse processes that promote malignancy, including proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance of cancer cells. It is also implicated in processes associated with the tumor microenvironment such as immune cell effector function and crosstalk with cancer-associated fibroblasts to promote metastasis. The enzymes of glycogen metabolism are dysregulated in a wide variety of malignancies, including cancers of the kidney, ovary, lung, bladder, liver, blood, and breast. Understanding and targeting glycogen metabolism in cancer presents a promising but under-explored therapeutic avenue. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the role of glycogen in cancer progression and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tashbib Khan
- Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Mitchell A. Sullivan
- Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer H. Gunter
- Faculty of Health, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Kryza
- Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas Lyons
- Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Yaowu He
- Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - John D. Hooper
- Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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37
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Nunes M, Henriques Abreu M, Bartosch C, Ricardo S. Recycling the Purpose of Old Drugs to Treat Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207768. [PMID: 33092251 PMCID: PMC7656306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main challenge in ovarian cancer treatment is the management of recurrences. Facing this scenario, therapy selection is based on multiple factors to define the best treatment sequence. Target therapies, such as bevacizumab and polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, improved patient survival. However, despite their achievements, ovarian cancer survival remains poor; these therapeutic options are highly costly and can be associated with potential side effects. Recently, it has been shown that the combination of repurposed, conventional, chemotherapeutic drugs could be an alternative, presenting good patient outcomes with few side effects and low costs for healthcare institutions. The main aim of this review is to strengthen the importance of repurposed drugs as therapeutic alternatives, and to propose an in vitro model to assess the therapeutic value. Herein, we compiled the current knowledge on the most promising non-oncological drugs for ovarian cancer treatment, focusing on statins, metformin, bisphosphonates, ivermectin, itraconazole, and ritonavir. We discuss the primary drug use, anticancer mechanisms, and applicability in ovarian cancer. Finally, we propose the use of these therapies to perform drug efficacy tests in ovarian cancer ex vivo cultures. This personalized testing approach could be crucial to validate the existing evidences supporting the use of repurposed drugs for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nunes
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) of the University of Porto/Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (PCCC), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal; (M.H.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Miguel Henriques Abreu
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (PCCC), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal; (M.H.A.); (C.B.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Bartosch
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (PCCC), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal; (M.H.A.); (C.B.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center—Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Ricardo
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) of the University of Porto/Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (PCCC), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal; (M.H.A.); (C.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225-570-700
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Hu N, Wang H, Qian Q, Jiang Y, Xie J, Zhang D, Li Q, Zou S, Chen R. P-glycoprotein associated with diabetes mellitus and survival of patients with pancreatic cancer: 8-year follow-up. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e10068. [PMID: 33053111 PMCID: PMC7552903 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x202010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has a high prevalence in patients with pancreatic cancer (PaC), but the prognostic value of DM in PaC remains controversial. Alterations of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) contribute to multidrug resistance and intestinal metabolism in a variety of cancer types, which may be implicated in DM development. This study aimed to explore the potential prognostic value of P-gp and CYP3A4 in PaC patients in the context of DM through long-term follow-up. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with PaC admitted at The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Jiangsu, China, from January 2011 to November 2019 and identified two cohorts of adult patients with PaC, including 24 with DM and 24 without DM (non-DM). The baseline clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared. Immunohistochemistry showed that protein expression of P-gp, but not CYP3A, in duodenum tissues was significantly upregulated in PaC patients with DM compared with those without DM. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test showed that the survival of patients with PaC and DM/high expression of P-gp was not significantly reduced compared with that of patients without DM/low expression of P-gp. These findings suggested that P-gp expression levels were different in the DM and non-DM groups of patients with PaC, but DM and duodenal P-gp levels were not associated with the long-term survival of patients with PaC. It appears that the presence of DM or P-gp expression levels may not serve as effective prognostic markers for PaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sulan Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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39
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Metformin enhances protection in guinea pigs chronically infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16257. [PMID: 33004826 PMCID: PMC7530990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is often associated with alterations in systemic and cellular metabolism that resolves following successful antimicrobial drug treatment. We hypothesized that altered systemic glucose metabolism as a consequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, contributes to TB pathogenesis, and when normalized with anti-glycemic drugs would improve clinical outcomes. To test this hypothesis, guinea pigs were treated daily with the anti-diabetic drug metformin starting 4 weeks prior or concurrent with aerosol exposure to the H37Rv strain of Mtb. In the chronic stages of infection, Mtb infected metformin-treated animals had restored systemic insulin sensitivity but remained glucose intolerant as determined by oral glucose tolerance testing. Despite persistent glucose intolerance, metformin-treated guinea pigs had a 2.8-fold reduction in lung lesion burden and a 0.7 log decrease in CFUs. An alternative hypothesis that metformin treatment improved clinical disease by having a direct effect on immune cell energy metabolism was tested using extracellular flux analysis and flow cytometry. The proinflammatory immune response to Mtb infection in untreated guinea pigs was associated with a marked increase in energy metabolism (glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), which was normalized in metformin-treated guinea pigs. Moreover, both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes from Mtb infected, metformin treated animals maintained a more normal mitochondrial membrane potential while those isolated from untreated animals had persistent mitochondrial hyperpolarization. These data suggest that metformin promotes natural host resistance to Mtb infection by maintaining immune cell metabolic homeostasis and function during the chronic stages of active TB disease.
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40
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Gremke N, Polo P, Dort A, Schneikert J, Elmshäuser S, Brehm C, Klingmüller U, Schmitt A, Reinhardt HC, Timofeev O, Wanzel M, Stiewe T. mTOR-mediated cancer drug resistance suppresses autophagy and generates a druggable metabolic vulnerability. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4684. [PMID: 32943635 PMCID: PMC7499183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have a characteristic metabolism, mostly caused by alterations in signal transduction networks rather than mutations in metabolic enzymes. For metabolic drugs to be cancer-selective, signaling alterations need to be identified that confer a druggable vulnerability. Here, we demonstrate that many tumor cells with an acquired cancer drug resistance exhibit increased sensitivity to mechanistically distinct inhibitors of cancer metabolism. We demonstrate that this metabolic vulnerability is driven by mTORC1, which promotes resistance to chemotherapy and targeted cancer drugs, but simultaneously suppresses autophagy. We show that autophagy is essential for tumor cells to cope with therapeutic perturbation of metabolism and that mTORC1-mediated suppression of autophagy is required and sufficient for generating a metabolic vulnerability leading to energy crisis and apoptosis. Our study links mTOR-induced cancer drug resistance to autophagy defects as a cause of a metabolic liability and opens a therapeutic window for the treatment of otherwise therapy-refractory tumor patients. mTORC1 is a key mediator of drug resistance and also regulates autophagy. In this study, the authors demonstrate that cancer cells with acquired drug resistance exibit metabolic vulnerabilities mediated by high levels of mTORC1 and the consequent inhibition of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Gremke
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Aaron Dort
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jean Schneikert
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Corinna Brehm
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Schmitt
- Clinic for Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Reinhardt
- Clinic for Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
| | - Oleg Timofeev
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wanzel
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany. .,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany. .,Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
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41
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Bennett NK, Nguyen MK, Darch MA, Nakaoka HJ, Cousineau D, Ten Hoeve J, Graeber TG, Schuelke M, Maltepe E, Kampmann M, Mendelsohn BA, Nakamura JL, Nakamura K. Defining the ATPome reveals cross-optimization of metabolic pathways. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4319. [PMID: 32859923 PMCID: PMC7455733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted energy metabolism drives cell dysfunction and disease, but approaches to increase or preserve ATP are lacking. To generate a comprehensive metabolic map of genes and pathways that regulate cellular ATP-the ATPome-we conducted a genome-wide CRISPR interference/activation screen integrated with an ATP biosensor. We show that ATP level is modulated by distinct mechanisms that promote energy production or inhibit consumption. In our system HK2 is the greatest ATP consumer, indicating energy failure may not be a general deficiency in producing ATP, but rather failure to recoup the ATP cost of glycolysis and diversion of glucose metabolites to the pentose phosphate pathway. We identify systems-level reciprocal inhibition between the HIF1 pathway and mitochondria; glycolysis-promoting enzymes inhibit respiration even when there is no glycolytic ATP production, and vice versa. Consequently, suppressing alternative metabolism modes paradoxically increases energy levels under substrate restriction. This work reveals mechanisms of metabolic control, and identifies therapeutic targets to correct energy failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal K Bennett
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Mai K Nguyen
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Maxwell A Darch
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Hiroki J Nakaoka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Derek Cousineau
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Johanna Ten Hoeve
- UCLA Metabolomics Center, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- UCLA Metabolomics Center, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Markus Schuelke
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Bryce A Mendelsohn
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jean L Nakamura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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42
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Ustinova M, Ansone L, Silamikelis I, Rovite V, Elbere I, Silamikele L, Kalnina I, Fridmanis D, Sokolovska J, Konrade I, Pirags V, Klovins J. Whole-blood transcriptome profiling reveals signatures of metformin and its therapeutic response. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237400. [PMID: 32780768 PMCID: PMC7418999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a biguanide agent, is the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus due to its glucose-lowering effect. Despite its wide application in the treatment of multiple health conditions, the glycemic response to metformin is highly variable, emphasizing the need for reliable biomarkers. We chose the RNA-Seq-based comparative transcriptomics approach to evaluate the systemic effect of metformin and highlight potential predictive biomarkers of metformin response in drug-naïve volunteers with type 2 diabetes in vivo. The longitudinal blood-derived transcriptome analysis revealed metformin-induced differential expression of novel and previously described genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis (SLC46A1 and LRP1), cancer development (CYP1B1, STAB1, CCR2, TMEM176B), and immune responses (CD14, CD163) after administration of metformin for three months. We demonstrate for the first time a transcriptome-based molecular discrimination between metformin responders (delta HbA1c ≥ 1% or 12.6 mmol/mol) and non-responders (delta HbA1c < 1% or 12.6 mmol/mol), that is determined by expression levels of 56 genes, explaining 13.9% of the variance in the therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Moreover, we found a significant upregulation of IRS2 gene (log2FC 0.89) in responders compared to non-responders before the use of metformin. Finally, we provide evidence for the mitochondrial respiratory complex I as one of the factors related to the high variability of the therapeutic response to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monta Ustinova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Laura Ansone
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Vita Rovite
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Elbere
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Ineta Kalnina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | - Ilze Konrade
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Valdis Pirags
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Klovins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
- * E-mail:
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43
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Apostolova N, Iannantuoni F, Gruevska A, Muntane J, Rocha M, Victor VM. Mechanisms of action of metformin in type 2 diabetes: Effects on mitochondria and leukocyte-endothelium interactions. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101517. [PMID: 32535544 PMCID: PMC7296337 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a very prevalent, multisystemic, chronic metabolic disorder closely related to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. It is characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction and the presence of oxidative stress. Metformin is one of the safest and most effective anti-hyperglycaemic agents currently employed as first-line oral therapy for T2D. It has demonstrated additional beneficial effects, unrelated to its hypoglycaemic action, on weight loss and several diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders and metabolic diseases, including thyroid diseases. Despite the vast clinical experience gained over several decades of use, the mechanism of action of metformin is still not fully understood. This review provides an overview of the existing literature concerning the beneficial mitochondrial and vascular effects of metformin, which it exerts by diminishing oxidative stress and reducing leukocyte-endothelium interactions. Specifically, we describe the molecular mechanisms involved in metformin's effect on gluconeogenesis, its capacity to interfere with major metabolic pathways (AMPK and mTORC1), its action on mitochondria and its antioxidant effects. We also discuss potential targets for therapeutic intervention based on these molecular actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Apostolova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia - FISABIO (Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region), Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd (Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Francesca Iannantuoni
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition. University Hospital Doctor Peset, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Gruevska
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia - FISABIO (Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntane
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- CIBERehd (Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases), Valencia, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition. University Hospital Doctor Peset, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- CIBERehd (Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases), Valencia, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition. University Hospital Doctor Peset, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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44
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Russell DA, Bridges HR, Serreli R, Kidd SL, Mateu N, Osberger TJ, Sore HF, Hirst J, Spring DR. Hydroxylated Rotenoids Selectively Inhibit the Proliferation of Prostate Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1829-1845. [PMID: 32459967 PMCID: PMC7611836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in men. The identification of new therapeutics to selectively target prostate cancer cells is therefore vital. Recently, the rotenoids rotenone (1) and deguelin (2) were reported to selectively kill prostate cancer cells, and the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I was established as essential to their mechanism of action. However, these hydrophobic rotenoids readily cross the blood-brain barrier and induce symptoms characteristic of Parkinson's disease in animals. Since hydroxylated derivatives of 1 and 2 are more hydrophilic and less likely to readily cross the blood-brain barrier, 29 natural and unnatural hydroxylated derivatives of 1 and 2 were synthesized for evaluation. The inhibitory potency (IC50) of each derivative against complex I was measured, and its hydrophobicity (Slog10P) predicted. Amorphigenin (3), dalpanol (4), dihydroamorphigenin (5), and amorphigenol (6) were selected and evaluated in cell-based assays using C4-2 and C4-2B prostate cancer cells alongside control PNT2 prostate cells. These rotenoids inhibit complex I in cells, decrease oxygen consumption, and selectively inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer cells, leaving control cells unaffected. The greatest selectivity and antiproliferative effects were observed with 3 and 5. The data highlight these molecules as promising therapeutic candidates for further evaluation in prostate cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Russell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Hannah R. Bridges
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, U.K
| | - Riccardo Serreli
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, U.K
| | - Sarah L. Kidd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Natalia Mateu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Thomas J. Osberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Hannah F. Sore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Judy Hirst
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, U.K
| | - David R. Spring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
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45
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Yan JB, Lai CC, Jhu JW, Gongol B, Marin TL, Lin SC, Chiu HY, Yen CJ, Wang LY, Peng IC. Insulin and Metformin Control Cell Proliferation by Regulating TDG-Mediated DNA Demethylation in Liver and Breast Cancer Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 18:282-294. [PMID: 32728616 PMCID: PMC7378318 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a frequent comorbidity of cancer. Hyperinsulinemia secondary to T2DM promotes cancer progression, whereas antidiabetic agents, such as metformin, have anticancer effects. However, the detailed mechanism for insulin and metformin-regulated cancer cell proliferation remains unclear. This study identified a mechanism by which insulin upregulated the expression of c-Myc, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), and acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase 1 (ACC1), which are important regulators of lipogenesis and cell proliferation. Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), a DNA demethylase, was transactivated by c-Myc upon insulin treatment, thereby decreasing 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) abundance in the SREBP1 promoter. On the other hand, metformin-activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) increased DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) activity to increase 5-methylcytosine (5mC) abundance in the TDG promoter. This resulted in decreased TDG expression and enhanced 5caC abundance in the SREBP1 promoter. These findings demonstrate that c-Myc activates, whereas AMPK inhibits, TDG-mediated DNA demethylation of the SREBP1 promoter in insulin-promoted and metformin-suppressed cancer progression, respectively. This study indicates that TDG is an epigenetic-based therapeutic target for cancers associated with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bao Yan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Lai
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Wei Jhu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Brendan Gongol
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Traci L Marin
- Department of Health Sciences, Victor Valley College, Victorville, CA 92395, USA
| | - Shih-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yi Chiu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yi Wang
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Peng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
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46
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Chaudhari K, Wang J, Xu Y, Winters A, Wang L, Dong X, Cheng EY, Liu R, Yang SH. Determination of metformin bio-distribution by LC-MS/MS in mice treated with a clinically relevant paradigm. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234571. [PMID: 32525922 PMCID: PMC7289415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, an anti-diabetes drug, has been recently emerging as a potential “anti-aging” intervention based on its reported beneficial actions against aging in preclinical studies. Nonetheless, very few metformin studies using mice have determined metformin concentrations and many effects of metformin have been observed in preclinical studies using doses/concentrations that were not relevant to therapeutic levels in human. We developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry protocol for metformin measurement in plasma, liver, brain, kidney, and muscle of mice. Young adult male and female C57BL/6 mice were voluntarily treated with metformin of 4 mg/ml in drinking water which translated to the maximum dose of 2.5 g/day in humans. A clinically relevant steady-state plasma metformin concentrations were achieved at 7 and 30 days after treatment in male and female mice. Metformin concentrations were slightly higher in muscle than in plasma, while, ~3 and 6-fold higher in the liver and kidney than in plasma, respectively. Low metformin concentration was found in the brain at ~20% of the plasma level. Furthermore, gender difference in steady-state metformin bio-distribution was observed. Our study established steady-state metformin levels in plasma, liver, muscle, kidney, and brain of normoglycemic mice treated with a clinically relevant dose, providing insight into future metformin preclinical studies for potential clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Pharmaceutical analysis core lab, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ali Winters
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Linshu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiaowei Dong
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eric Y. Cheng
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shao-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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47
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Rlip Depletion Suppresses Growth of Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061446. [PMID: 32498332 PMCID: PMC7352702 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RLIP76 (RAL-binding protein-1, Rlip) is a stress-protective mercapturic-acid-pathway transporter protein that also plays a key role in regulating clathrin-dependent endocytosis as a Ral effector. Targeted inhibition or depletion of Rlip causes regression of xenografts of many cancers and is capable of abrogating tumor formation in p53-null mice. This is associated with the reversion of the abnormal methylomic profile of p53-null mice to wild-type. In a query of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, we found that Rlip expression was associated with poor survival and with significant differences in the frequencies of PIK3CA mutation, MYC amplification, and CDKN2A/B deletion, which were the most commonly mutated, amplified, and deleted genes, respectively, among TCGA breast cancer patients. We conducted the present study to further examine the effects of Rlip inhibition and to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy in breast cancer. Using immunogold electron microscopy, we found that plasma-membrane Rlip was accessible to cell-surface antibodies in the MCF7 (ER+) breast cancer cell line. Rlip depletion resulted in decreased survival of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positivity and DNA laddering, indicating apoptotic cell death. Additionally, in vitro knockdown of Rlip inhibited EGF endocytosis and WNT/MAPK signaling. Xenograft studies in nude mice showed regression of breast cancer via antisense-mediated depletion of Rlip mRNA as well as by anti-Rlip antibody. Finally, knockdown of Rlip by antisense locked nucleic acid oligonucleotides increased markers for apoptotic signaling and decreased markers for proliferation, angiogenesis, and cell cycling in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231luc xenografts. Our findings validate Rlip as an attractive target in breast cancer.
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48
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Bever KM, Borazanci EH, Thompson EA, Durham JN, Pinero K, Jameson GS, Vrana A, Liu M, Wilt C, Wu AA, Fu W, Wang H, Yin Y, Leal JP, Jesus-Acosta AD, Zheng L, Laheru DA, Von Hoff DD, Jaffee EM, Powell JD, Le DT. An exploratory study of metformin with or without rapamycin as maintenance therapy after induction chemotherapy in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1929-1941. [PMID: 32523648 PMCID: PMC7260120 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Metformin combined with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin showed potential synergistic anti-tumor activity in preclinical studies in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). This phase 1b study (NCT02048384) was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and activity of metformin +/– rapamycin in the maintenance setting for unselected patients with metastatic PDA (mPDA) treated with chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Eligible patients with stable or responding mPDA after ≥ 6 months on chemotherapy were randomized 1:1 to metformin alone (Arm A) or with rapamycin (Arm B), stratified by prior treatment with FOLFIRINOX. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET scans and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained for exploratory analyses. Results: 22 subjects (11 per arm) received treatment per protocol. Median PFS/OS were 3.5 and 13.2 months respectively, with 2 year OS rate of 37%; there were no differences between arms. No responses were observed by RECIST; however, decreases in FDG avidity and/or CA19-9 were observed in several long-term survivors. Treatment related adverse events of Grade ≥ 3 occurred in 0% vs 27% of patients in Arm A vs B and were asymptomatic hematologic or electrolyte abnormalities that were not clinically significant. Improved survival was associated with low baseline neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio, baseline lack of assessable disease by PET, and greater expansion of dendritic cells following treatment. Conclusions: Metformin +/– rapamycin maintenance for mPDA was well-tolerated and several patients achieved stable disease associated with exceptionally long survival. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of these agents in the maintenance setting and to enhance patient selection for such approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Bever
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Co-first authors
| | - Erkut H Borazanci
- Virginia Piper Cancer Center at HonorHealth, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.,Molecular Medicine Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Co-first authors
| | - Elizabeth A Thompson
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer N Durham
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly Pinero
- Virginia Piper Cancer Center at HonorHealth, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Gayle S Jameson
- Virginia Piper Cancer Center at HonorHealth, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.,Molecular Medicine Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Amber Vrana
- Virginia Piper Cancer Center at HonorHealth, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Meizheng Liu
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cara Wilt
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Annie A Wu
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yafu Yin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai City, China
| | - Jeffrey P Leal
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ana De Jesus-Acosta
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel A Laheru
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel D Von Hoff
- Virginia Piper Cancer Center at HonorHealth, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.,Molecular Medicine Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dung T Le
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreas Cancer at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
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49
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Ruscica M, Corsini A, Ferri N, Banach M, Sirtori CR. Clinical approach to the inflammatory etiology of cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104916. [PMID: 32445957 PMCID: PMC7238995 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an obligatory marker of arterial disease, both stemming from the inflammatory activity of cholesterol itself and from well-established molecular mechanisms. Raised progenitor cell recruitment after major events and clonal hematopoiesis related mechanisms have provided an improved understanding of factors regulating inflammatory phenomena. Trials with inflammation antagonists have led to an extensive evaluation of biomarkers such as the high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), not exerting a causative role, but frequently indicative of the individual cardiovascular (CV) risk. Aim of this review is to provide indication on the anti-inflammatory profile of agents of general use in CV prevention, i.e. affecting lipids, blood pressure, diabetes as well nutraceuticals such as n-3 fatty acids. A crucial issue in the evaluation of the benefit of the anti-inflammatory activity is the frequent discordance between a beneficial activity on a major risk factor and associated changes of hsCRP, as in the case of statins vs PCSK9 antagonists. In hypertension, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors exert an optimal anti-inflammatory activity, vs the case of sartans. The remarkable preventive activity of SLGT-2 inhibitors in heart failure is not associated with a clear anti-inflammatory mechanism. Finally, icosapent ethyl has been shown to reduce the CV risk in hypertriglyceridemia, with a 27 % reduction of hsCRP. The inflammation-based approach to arterial disease has considerably gained from an improved understanding of the clinical diagnostic strategy and from a better knowledge on the mode of action of numerous agents, including nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Ruscica
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Multimedica IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.
| | - Cesare R Sirtori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Gomez-Cadena A, Barreto A, Fioretino S, Jandus C. Immune system activation by natural products and complex fractions: a network pharmacology approach in cancer treatment. Cell Stress 2020; 4:154-166. [PMID: 32656498 PMCID: PMC7328673 DOI: 10.15698/cst2020.07.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products and traditional herbal medicine are an important source of alternative bioactive compounds but very few plant-based preparations have been scientifically evaluated and validated for their potential as medical treatments. However, a promising field in the current therapies based on plant-derived compounds is the study of their immunomodulation properties and their capacity to activate the immune system to fight against multifactorial diseases like cancer. In this review we discuss how network pharmacology could help to characterize and validate natural single molecules or more complex preparations as promising cancer therapies based on their multitarget capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Gomez-Cadena
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Targeting of Cytokine Secreting Lymphocyte group, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.,Departamento de Microbiología, Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alfonso Barreto
- Departamento de Microbiología, Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Susana Fioretino
- Departamento de Microbiología, Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Targeting of Cytokine Secreting Lymphocyte group, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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