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Charitos IA, Aliani M, Tondo P, Venneri M, Castellana G, Scioscia G, Castellaneta F, Lacedonia D, Carone M. Biomolecular Actions by Intestinal Endotoxemia in Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2841. [PMID: 38474087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of metabolic disorders that concurrently act as factors promoting systemic pathologies such as atherosclerosis or diabetes mellitus. It is now believed to encompass six main interacting conditions: visceral fat, imbalance of lipids (dyslipidemia), hypertension, insulin resistance (with or without impairing both glucose tolerance and fasting blood sugar), and inflammation. In the last 10 years, there has been a progressive interest through scientific research investigations conducted in the field of metabolomics, confirming a trend to evaluate the role of the metabolome, particularly the intestinal one. The intestinal microbiota (IM) is crucial due to the diversity of microorganisms and their abundance. Consequently, IM dysbiosis and its derivate toxic metabolites have been correlated with MetS. By intervening in these two factors (dysbiosis and consequently the metabolome), we can potentially prevent or slow down the clinical effects of the MetS process. This, in turn, may mitigate dysregulations of intestinal microbiota axes, such as the lung axis, thereby potentially alleviating the negative impact on respiratory pathology, such as the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the biomolecular mechanisms through which the IM influences the host's metabolism via a dysbiosis metabolome in both normal and pathological conditions are still unclear. In this study, we seek to provide a description of the knowledge to date of the IM and its metabolome and the factors that influence it. Furthermore, we analyze the interactions between the functions of the IM and the pathophysiology of major metabolic diseases via local and systemic metabolome's relate endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, "Istitute" of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Aliani
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, "Istitute" of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Tondo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Venneri
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Genomics and Proteomics Laboratory, "Istitute" of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Castellana
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, "Istitute" of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Castellaneta
- School of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathology, University of Bari (Aldo Moro), 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Mauro Carone
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, "Istitute" of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Luo Y, Jin Y, Wang H, Wang G, Lin Y, Chen H, Li X, Wang M. Effects of Clostridium tyrobutyricum on Lipid Metabolism, Intestinal Barrier Function, and Gut Microbiota in Obese Mice Induced by High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2024; 16:493. [PMID: 38398817 PMCID: PMC10893108 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its complications constitute a main threat to global human health. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the influences of Clostridium tyrobutyricum (Ct) on lipid metabolism, intestinal barrier function, and intestinal microbiome in obese mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). After establishing the obesity model, 107 CFU/mL and 108 CFU/mL C. tyrobutyricum were used to intervene in HFD-fed mice by gavage for six weeks, and indexes related to obesity were measured. In the liver of HFD-fed mice, the results revealed that C. tyrobutyricum reduced liver weight and the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), along with decreasing red lipid droplets and fat vacuoles. After C. tyrobutyricum intervention, the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) was downregulated, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) were upregulated in the liver. Additionally, C. tyrobutyricum alleviated intestinal morphology injury caused by HFD, decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-1β in the colon, and upregulated tight junction protein expression. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that C. tyrobutyricum increases the diversity of intestinal microbiota. Overall, C. tyrobutyricum improved HFD-induced lipid metabolism disorders, preserved the intestinal barrier's integrity, and modulated the structure of the intestinal microbiome. These findings provide a novel insight into the role of C. tyrobutyricum as a probiotic in regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Minqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.L.); (Y.J.); (H.W.); (G.W.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
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Zhao G, Xie L, Wu Y, Wang B, Teng W, Sun Z, Kao Q, Liu W, Pi X, Ma H. Effects of urbanization and lifestyle habits on the intestinal microbiota of adolescents in eastern China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:989303. [PMID: 37378282 PMCID: PMC10291051 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.989303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Owing to urbanization, living habits have changed widely, leading to alterations in the intestinal microbiota of urban residents. However, there are few studies on the characteristics of intestinal microbiota of adolescents living in different urbanized areas in China. Methods A total of 302 fecal samples collected from adolescent students in eastern China were examined. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to identify the fecal microbiota. These data were combined with questionnaire survey results to investigate the effect of urbanization on the intestinal microbiota of adolescents in eastern China. Moreover, the role of lifestyle habits in this relationship was also evaluated. Results The results revealed significant differences in the structure of the intestinal microbiota among adolescents living in regions with different levels of urbanization. Adolescents living in urban regions had a significantly higher proportion of Bacteroides (p < 0.001, FDR = 0.004), whereas those living in towns and rural regions had higher proportions of Bifidobacterium (p < 0.001, FDR < 0.001) and Prevotella (p < 0.05, FDR = 0.019). The diversity of the intestinal microbiota was higher in urban residents than in adolescents living in towns and rural regions (p < 0.05). In addition, the differences in intestinal microbiota across individuals living in cities, towns, and rural regions were related to dietary preferences, flavor preferences, and sleep and exercise durations. Adolescents who ate more meat had more Dorea (LDA = 3.622, p = 0.04), while the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella is higher among adolescents who ate more condiments (LDA = 4.285, p = 0.02). The abundance of Dialister was significantly increased in adolescents with longer sleep durations (LDA = 4.066, p = 0.03). Adolescents who exercised for a long duration had more Faecalibacterium than those who exercised for a shorter duration (LDA = 4.303, p = 0.04). Discussion Our research has preliminarily demonstrated that there were differences in the composition of Gut microbiome in stool samples of adolescents living in different urbanized areas, and provide a scientific basis for the maintenance of a healthy intentional microbota in adolescences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Xie
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Teng
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Sun
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingjun Kao
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xionge Pi
- Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Cai Y, Liu P, Zhou X, Yuan J, Chen Q. Probiotics therapy show significant improvement in obesity and neurobehavioral disorders symptoms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1178399. [PMID: 37249983 PMCID: PMC10213414 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1178399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex metabolic disease, with cognitive impairment being an essential complication. Gut microbiota differs markedly between individuals with and without obesity. The microbial-gut-brain axis is an important pathway through which metabolic factors, such as obesity, affect the brain. Probiotics have been shown to alleviate symptoms associated with obesity and neurobehavioral disorders. In this review, we evaluated previously published studies on the effectiveness of probiotic interventions in reducing cognitive impairment, depression, and anxiety associated with obesity or a high-fat diet. Most of the probiotics studied have beneficial health effects on obesity-induced cognitive impairment and anxiety. They positively affect immune regulation, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hippocampal function, intestinal mucosa protection, and glucolipid metabolism regulation. Probiotics can influence changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and the ratio between various flora. However, probiotics should be used with caution, particularly in healthy individuals. Future research should further explore the mechanisms underlying the gut-brain axis, obesity, and cognitive function while overcoming the significant variation in study design and high risk of bias in the current evidence.
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Kim YI, Lee ES, Song EJ, Shin DU, Eom JE, Shin HS, Kim JE, Oh JY, Nam YD, Lee SY. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei AO356 ameliorates obesity by regulating adipogenesis and thermogenesis in C57BL/6J male mice. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Marcelo TLP, Pellicciari CR, Artioli TO, Leiderman DBD, Gradinar ALT, Mimica M, Kochi C. Probiotic therapy outcomes in body composition of children and adolescent with obesity, a nonrandomized controlled trial. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:815-822. [PMID: 36219201 PMCID: PMC10118763 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of probiotic supplementation therapy on anthropometric values and body composition of children and adolescent with obesity. Subjects and Methods This is a nonrandomized controlled, prospective, double-blind interventional clinical trial with primary data analysis. The sample comprised 44 pubertal children and adolescent (8-17 years old) with obesity. The patients were allocated to probiotic (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) or placebo group, with matching of gender and chronological age. Both groups received nutritional guidance, and were followed for six months. In all patients the anthropometric assessment was carried out by a nutritionist and data on weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were collected. Body composition was assessed using dual emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results After six months, both groups had increased weight, height but reduced body index mass (BMI) standard deviation score, with no differences between groups. After the intervention, both groups showed a reduction in the percentage of total body fat and an increase in lean mass, but only the placebo group showed a reduction in the percentage of trunk fat. However, the variation in these parameters did not differ between groups. Conclusion The probiotic group does not seem to have benefited from supplementation. However, we suggest that this reduction in BMI SDS in both groups may have occurred due to improvements in diet because of the nutritional advice given throughout the therapy. We concluded that supplementation with this strain of probiotic was not effective in promoting weight loss or improving the body composition of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Léo Pacheco Marcelo
- Departamento de Nutrição e Dietética, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Caroline Rosa Pellicciari
- Departamento de Pediatria, Unidade de Endocrinologia Pediátrica, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Thiago Olivetti Artioli
- Departamento de Pediatria, Unidade de Endocrinologia Pediátrica, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Ana Lúcia Torloni Gradinar
- Departamento de Nutrição e Dietética, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Mimica
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Cristiane Kochi
- Departamento de Pediatria, Unidade de Endocrinologia Pediátrica, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil,
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Yu L, Chen Y, Duan H, Qiao N, Wang G, Zhao J, Zhai Q, Tian F, Chen W. Latilactobacillus sakei: a candidate probiotic with a key role in food fermentations and health promotion. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:978-995. [PMID: 35997270 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2111402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Latilactobacillus sakei is used extensively in industrial production and food fermentations. The species is primarily derived from fermented meat and vegetable products and is also found in human feces. Genomics and metabolomics have revealed unique metabolic pathways in L. sakei and molecular mechanisms underlying its competitive advantages in different habitats, which are mostly attributed to its flexible carbohydrate metabolism, cold tolerance, acid and salt tolerance, ability to cope with oxygen changes, and heme uptake. In recent years, probiotic effects of L. sakei and its metabolites have been identified, including the ability to effectively alleviate metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and atopic dermatitis. This review summarizes the genomic and metabolic characteristics of L. sakei and its metabolites and describes their applications, laying a foundation for their expanded use across the food and healthcare industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nanzhen Qiao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Lof J, Smits K, Melotte V, Kuil LE. The health effect of probiotics on high-fat diet-induced cognitive impairment, depression and anxiety: A cross-species systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104634. [PMID: 35339484 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease with many co-morbidities, including impaired cognitive functions. Obese individuals often contain an aberrant microbiota. Via the microbiota-gut-brain axis, the altered microbiota composition can affect cognition or induce anxiety- or depressive-like behavior. Probiotics have been shown to alleviate both obesity- and neurobehavioral disorder-related symptoms. Here, we evaluated previously published results on the effectiveness of probiotic intervention in alleviating obesity- or high-fat diet (HFD)-related cognitive impairment, depression and anxiety. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar until June 2021 to identify relevant articles. Seventeen studies were included: one human and sixteen animal studies. Overall, the findings support the beneficial health effect of probiotics on HFD-induced cognitive impairment and anxiety. However, the results suggest that multi-strain probiotic treatments should be used with caution, especially in the absence of HFD-induced impairment. Future studies should overcome the large variation in study design and high risk of bias found in the current evidence. Nevertheless, probiotic treatment, in particular using the Lactobacillus genus, seems promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lof
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K Smits
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - V Melotte
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L E Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hassan NE, El-Masry SA, Nageeb A, El Hussieny MS, Khalil A, Aly MM, Soliman MAT, Ismail A, El-Saeed G, Hashish A, Selim M. Correlation between Gut Microbiota, its Metabolic Products, and their Association with Liver Enzymes among Sample of Egyptian Females. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.7909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The gut microbiota appears to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of obesity, liver metabolism and the associated diseases. The present study aimed to identify the existing gut microbiota enterotypes and its metabolic products profiles among a sample of normal weight and obese Egyptian females, and to investigate the correlation between gut microbiota; body mass index andliver enzymes among them.Methods: A case-control cross-sectional study, included 112 Egyptian females; 82obese and30 normal weight; with age ranged from 25 up to 60 years. For each participant, anthropometric measurements (weight, height and BMI), laboratory investigations (AST, ALT, SCFA, CRP) and microbiota analysis were done. Results: The obese females had higher significant values of CRP,AST, ALTand SCFA. In addition, obese females had insignificant higher values of log Bacteroidetes, log firmicutes, log firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes ratio, and log lactobacillus, and insignificant lower values of log bifidobacteria; than normal weight group.Among normal weight group, Lactobacillus shad significant positive correlations with SCFA, Bifidobacteria and Firmicutes, and significant negative correlations with AST, ALTand CRP. Bifidobacteria had significant negative correlations with Ht and ALT. Bacteroidetes bacteria had significant positive correlations with SCFA, and significant negative correlations with age and height. Firmicutes bacteria had significant negative correlations with AST and ALT. Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes Ratio had significant negative correlations with AST, ALTand SCFA. Among obese group, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria had significant negative correlations with Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes Ratio however; these correlations were insignificant among normal weight group. Moreover, there were insignificant correlations between any type of studied microbiota and any of the anthropometric or laboratory parameters; except Firmicutes bacteria had significant negative correlations with ALT.Conclusion: The beneficial Lactobacillus and bifidobacteria have its good impact in improving obesity status, liver function in form of ALT.
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Tsui K, Yen T, Huang C, Hong K. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG as dietary supplement improved survival from lipopolysaccharides-induced sepsis in mice. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:6786-6793. [PMID: 34925807 PMCID: PMC8645706 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a state of host immune response triggered by virus or bacterial infection, in which the extent of regional and systemic inflammation and companion counter-inflammatory reactions determines disease outcomes. Probiotics are known for the immunomodulatory effect on allergic disorders, but it is not clear whether the beneficiary effect extends to sepsis and increases survival. In this mouse model, we injected intraperitoneally lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to induce sepsis, and investigated whether the pretreatment of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) contributed to host survival and examined the alteration of the gut microbiota and blood cytokines/chemokines profile before sepsis induction. Four-week-old male BALB/c mice were divided into two groups: one group were fed daily with LGG as a dietary supplement for fourteen days, whereas the other group with sterile water. Before sepsis induction, some mice from each group were killed to collect stool in the intestine and blood for microbial metagenomic and cytokine/chemokine analyses, respectively, and the rest were monitored afterward for mortality. The relative abundance of several families in the gut microbiota after LGG treatment was altered as well as the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes. In addition, several pro-inflammatory cytokines such as G-CSF, IL7, IL15, and MCP1 were lower in the LGG group than in the control group. The survival rate following LPS-induced sepsis improved with LGG treatment. Our results indicated that dietary supplement of probiotic LGG improved survival from LPS-induced sepsis, most likely through pre-septic changes in the gut microbial constituents by LGG with reciprocal alteration of host immune system to a less reactive state to incoming pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko‐Chung Tsui
- Department of Medical ResearchCathay General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Internal MedicineCathay General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Clinical PathologyCathay General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- School of MedicineFu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Ting‐Lin Yen
- Department of Medical ResearchCathay General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Jung Huang
- Department of Medical ResearchCathay General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Kun‐Jing Hong
- Department of Medical ResearchCathay General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Oral Hygiene CareChing Kuo Institute of Management and HealthKeelungTaiwan
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Hassan NE, El-Masry SA, Nageeb A, El Hussieny MS, Khalil A, Aly M, Selim M, Alian K, Abdel Rasheed E, Abdel Wahed MM, Amine D. Linking Gut Microbiota, Metabolic Syndrome and Metabolic Health among a Sample of Obese Egyptian Females. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies of the gut microbiota have revealed a great link to obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to review the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in terms of the components of MetS among a sample of obese Egyptian female patients and to assess current potential gut microbiota targeted therapies for the treatment of MetS. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study included 82 obese Egyptian women. All participants were subjected to anthropometric assessment; and laboratory evaluation of fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid profile and insulin resistance (HOMA), in addition to fecal microbiota analysis for Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroid. Results: Among obese group with MetS, Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes Ratio was negatively associated with HOMA and positively associated with serum cholesterol and LDL, while lactobacillus was negatively associated with serum cholesterol. Among obese group without MetS, Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes ratio is negatively associated with WC (central obesity marker) and positively associated with CRP (inflammatory marker), while lactobacillus was positively correlated with FBS and HOMA, and Bifidobacteria was negatively associated with serum cholesterol and LDL.Conclusion: The two beneficial types the Lactobacillus and bifidobacteria supplementation in form of probiotic with therapeutic treatment and decreasing of WChave their important role in controlling and treating hypertension, serum cholesterol and LDL levels, among obese females even with MetS.
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Kim SJ, Choi SI, Jang M, Jeong YA, Kang CH, Kim GH. Combination of Limosilactobacillus fermentum MG4231 and MG4244 attenuates lipid accumulation in high-fat diet-fed obese mice. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:479-491. [PMID: 34348593 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the anti-obesity effect and the underlying mechanisms of action of human-derived Limosilactobacillus fermentum MG4231, MG4244, and their combination, in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Administration of the Limosilactobacillus strains decreased body weight gain, liver and adipose tissue weight, and glucose tolerance. Serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and leptin were reduced, while adiponectin increased. The administration of Limosilactobacillus strains improved the histopathological features of liver tissue, such as hepatic atrophy and inflammatory penetration, and significantly reduced the content of triglyceride in the liver. Limosilactobacillus administration discovered a significant reduction in the size of the adipocytes in the epididymal tissue. Limosilactobacillus treatment significantly reduced the expression of important regulators in lipid metabolism, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, fatty acid synthase (FAS), adipocyte-protein 2, and lipoprotein lipase in the epididymal tissue. Also, Limosilactobacillus lowered sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1-c and FAS in the liver tissue. Such changes in the expression of these regulators in both liver and epididymis tissue were caused by Limosilactobacillus upregulating phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Therefore, we suggest that the use of the combination of L. fermentum MG4231 and MG4244, as probiotics could effectively inhibit adipogenesis and lipogenesis from preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kim
- Department of Health Functional Materials, Duksung Women's University, 144 gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - S-I Choi
- Department of Health Functional Materials, Duksung Women's University, 144 gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - M Jang
- Department of Food and Life Science, Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-A Jeong
- R&D Center, MEDIOGEN Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C-H Kang
- R&D Center, MEDIOGEN Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - G-H Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, 33, Samyang-ro 144-gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 01369, Republic of Korea
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13
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Wang B, Wang L, Wang H, Dai H, Lu X, Lee YK, Gu Z, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Wang G. Targeting the Gut Microbiota for Remediating Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders. J Nutr 2021; 151:1703-1716. [PMID: 33982127 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of obesity is rapidly increasing and has become a health and economic burden worldwide. As recent studies have revealed that the gut microbiota is closely linked to obesity, researchers have used various approaches to modulate the gut microbiota to treat the condition. Dietary composition and energy intake strongly affect the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Intestinal microbial changes alter the composition of bile acids and fatty acids and regulate bacterial lipopolysaccharide production, all of which influence energy metabolism and immunity. Evidence also suggests that remodeling the gut microbiota through intake of probiotics, prebiotics, fermented foods, and dietary plants, as well as by fecal microbiota transplantation, are feasible methods to remediate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Haojue Wang
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Xishan People's Hospital, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Dai
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Xishan People's Hospital, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Xianyi Lu
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Xishan People's Hospital, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
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14
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Safety Evaluation and In vivo Strain-Specific Functionality of Bacillus Strains Isolated from Korean Traditional Fermented Foods. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:60-71. [PMID: 32607730 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Unveiling and understanding differences in physiological features below the species level may serve as an essential fast-screening tool for selecting strains that can promote a specific probiotic effect. To study the intra-species diversity of Bacillus, a genus with a wide range of enzyme activities and specificity, 190 Bacillus strains were isolated from traditional Korean fermented food products. Altogether, in the preliminary safety screening, 8 of these strains were found negative for lecithinase and hemolysis activity and were selected for further investigations. On the basis of different levels of enzyme functionalities (high or low proteolytic, amylolytic, and lipolytic (PAL) activities), two Bacillus subtilis strains were selected for an in vivo study. Each of the two strains was separately administered at a level of 1 × 108 CFU per day to C57BL/6 mice that were fed 60% high-fat diet ad libitum for 8 weeks, while Xenical, an anti-obesity drug, was used as a positive control in the experimental setup. B. subtilis M34 and B. subtilis GS40a with low and high amylolytic activities, respectively, induced significantly different and contrasting physiological effects. The production of short-chain fatty acids appeared to be closely associated with a shift in the gut microbiota.
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15
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Zhao X, Zhong X, Liu X, Wang X, Gao X. Therapeutic and Improving Function of Lactobacilli in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular-Related Diseases: A Novel Perspective From Gut Microbiota. Front Nutr 2021; 8:693412. [PMID: 34164427 PMCID: PMC8215129 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.693412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and development of cardiovascular-related diseases are associated with structural and functional changes in gut microbiota (GM). The accumulation of beneficial gut commensals contributes to the improvement of cardiovascular-related diseases. The cardiovascular-related diseases that can be relieved by Lactobacillus supplementation, including hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity, have expanded. As probiotics, lactobacilli occupy a substantial part of the GM and play important functional roles through various GM-derived metabolites. Lactobacilli ultimately have a beneficial impact on lipid metabolism, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress to relieve the symptoms of cardiovascular-related diseases. However, the axis and cellular process of gut commensal Lactobacillus in improving cardiovascular-related diseases have not been fully elucidated. Additionally, Lactobacillus strains produce diverse antimicrobial peptides, which help maintain intestinal homeostasis and ameliorate cardiovascular-related diseases. These strains are a field that needs to be further investigated immediately. Thus, this review demonstrated the mechanisms and summarized the evidence of the benefit of Lactobacillus strain supplementation from animal studies and human clinical trials. We also highlighted a broad range of lactobacilli candidates with therapeutic capability by mining their metabolites. Our study provides instruction in the development of lactobacilli as a functional food to improve cardiovascular-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinqin Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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16
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Ashaolu TJ, Fernández-Tomé S. Gut mucosal and adipose tissues as health targets of the immunomodulatory mechanisms of probiotics. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Foroozan P, Koushkie Jahromi M, Nemati J, Sepehri H, Safari MA, Brand S. Probiotic Supplementation and High-Intensity Interval Training Modify Anxiety-Like Behaviors and Corticosterone in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061762. [PMID: 34064242 PMCID: PMC8224367 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence supports the role of exercise training and probiotics on reducing obesity. Considering the relationship between obesity and high-fat diet with anxiety indices, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of probiotic supplementation and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on anxiety-like behaviors, corticosterone and obesity indices in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mice. Thirty male adult C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: (1) Control with normal diet (CON), (2) High-fat diet (HFD), (3) HFD + exercise training (HT), (4) HFD + probiotics supplement (HP) and (5) HFD + exercise training +probiotics (HTP). Exercise training consisted of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs. Probiotics supplement included 0.2 mL Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Anxiety-like behaviors were measured by open field (OF) and Elevated plus maze (EPM). OF and EPM tests, visceral fat mass (VFM) measurement, and blood sampling for corticosterone were performed after the intervention. Bodyweight was measured at different stages during the intervention. HFD regime in C57BL/6 mice increased bodyweight, VFM, and serum corticosterone levels and anxiety-like behaviors (p < 0.05). HIIT, probiotic and their combination, decreased bodyweight, VFM, and serum corticosterone levels and improved anxiety-like behavior in the HFD mice (p < 0.05). The effect of a combination of HIIT and probiotic on most of the anxiety indices was more than each one separately (p < 0.5). HIIT and probiotic supplements separately or above all in combination, may have beneficial effects in reducing obesity and anxiety indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Foroozan
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7194684334, Iran; (P.F.); (M.K.J.); (J.N.); (H.S.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Maryam Koushkie Jahromi
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7194684334, Iran; (P.F.); (M.K.J.); (J.N.); (H.S.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Javad Nemati
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7194684334, Iran; (P.F.); (M.K.J.); (J.N.); (H.S.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Hosein Sepehri
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7194684334, Iran; (P.F.); (M.K.J.); (J.N.); (H.S.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Mohammad Amin Safari
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7194684334, Iran; (P.F.); (M.K.J.); (J.N.); (H.S.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Serge Brand
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
- Correspondence:
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18
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Bannerman CA, Douchant K, Sheth PM, Ghasemlou N. The gut-brain axis and beyond: Microbiome control of spinal cord injury pain in humans and rodents. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2021; 9:100059. [PMID: 33426367 PMCID: PMC7779861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2020.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating injury to the central nervous system in which 60 to 80% of patients experience chronic pain. Unfortunately, this pain is notoriously difficult to treat, with few effective options currently available. Patients are also commonly faced with various compounding injuries and medical challenges, often requiring frequent hospitalization and antibiotic treatment. Change in the gut microbiome from the "normal" state to one of imbalance, referred to as gut dysbiosis, has been found in both patients and rodent models following SCI. Similarities exist in the bacterial changes observed after SCI and other diseases with chronic pain as an outcome. These changes cause a shift in the regulation of inflammation, causing immune cell activation and secretion of inflammatory mediators that likely contribute to the generation/maintenance of SCI pain. Therefore, correcting gut dysbiosis may be used as a tool towards providing patients with effective pain management and improved quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A. Bannerman
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katya Douchant
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Disease Research Unit, Kingston Health Sciences Center, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prameet M. Sheth
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Microbiology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Disease Research Unit, Kingston Health Sciences Center, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nader Ghasemlou
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Bruni N, Martello E, Fusi E, Meineri G, Giardini A. Study of faecal parameters and body condition in dogs with a diet supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus D2/CSL (CECT 4529). ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1783378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Martello
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Eleonora Fusi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Giorgia Meineri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Alberto Giardini
- Centro Sperimentale del Latte S.r.l, Zelo Buon Persico, Lodi, Italy
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20
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Huang E, Kim S, Park H, Park S, Ji Y, Todorov SD, Lim SD, Holzapfel WH. Modulation of the Gut Microbiome and Obesity Biomarkers by Lactobacillus Plantarum KC28 in a Diet-Induced Obesity Murine Model. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 13:677-697. [PMID: 33188637 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum KC28 showed a beneficial (anti-obesity) effect in a diet-induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6 murine model receiving an intermediate high-fat diet (IF). This diet was selected for probiotic studies by prior comparisons of different combinations of basic (carbohydrate, protein and fat) components for optimized induction of dietary obesity in a murine model. Prior selection of Lact. plantarum strain KC28 was based on different physiological tests for safety and functionality including cell line adhesion and anti-adipogenic activity. The strain was administered at 5.0 × 109 CFU/mouse/day to the DIO mice (control mice received a normal diet). The anti-obesity effect of KC28 and the well-known probiotic strains Lact. rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Lact. plantarum 299v was assessed over 12 weeks. Xenical served as anti-obesity control. The high-fat diet groups receiving strains KC28 and LGG and the control Xenical group showed significant weight loss and notable changes in some obesity-related biomarkers in the liver (significant up-regulation of PGC1-α and CPT1-α only by KC28; p < 0.05) and mesenteric adipose tissue (significant down-regulation of ACOX-1, PPAR-γ, and FAS; KC28 p < 0.001 for PPAR-γ and FAS), compared with the IF control. Favourable changes in the studied biomarkers suggest a similar beneficial influence of Lact. plantarum KC28 on the alleviation of obesity comparable with that of the two well-studied probiotic strains, LGG and 299v. This probably resulted from a modulation in the cecal microbiota of the IF group by either probiotic strain, yet in a different manner, showing a highly significant increase in the families Desulfovibrionaceae and Lactobacillaceae only in the group receiving Lact. plantarum KC28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunchong Huang
- Department of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea
| | - Seulki Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, South Korea
| | - Haryung Park
- Department of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea.,Techno-Business Center, HEM Inc, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea.,Techno-Business Center, HEM Inc, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Yosep Ji
- Department of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea.,Techno-Business Center, HEM Inc, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
- Department of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea
| | - Sang-Dong Lim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, South Korea
| | - Wilhelm Heinrich Holzapfel
- Department of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea. .,Techno-Business Center, HEM Inc, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
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21
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The Influence of Probiotics on the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio in the Treatment of Obesity and Inflammatory Bowel disease. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111715. [PMID: 33139627 PMCID: PMC7692443 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 612] [Impact Index Per Article: 153.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The two most important bacterial phyla in the gastrointestinal tract, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, have gained much attention in recent years. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio is widely accepted to have an important influence in maintaining normal intestinal homeostasis. Increased or decreased F/B ratio is regarded as dysbiosis, whereby the former is usually observed with obesity, and the latter with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Probiotics as live microorganisms can confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. There is considerable evidence of their nutritional and immunosuppressive properties including reports that elucidate the association of probiotics with the F/B ratio, obesity, and IBD. Orally administered probiotics can contribute to the restoration of dysbiotic microbiota and to the prevention of obesity or IBD. However, as the effects of different probiotics on the F/B ratio differ, selecting the appropriate species or mixture is crucial. The most commonly tested probiotics for modifying the F/B ratio and treating obesity and IBD are from the genus Lactobacillus. In this paper, we review the effects of probiotics on the F/B ratio that lead to weight loss or immunosuppression.
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22
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Lactobacillus fermentum promotes adipose tissue oxidative phosphorylation to protect against diet-induced obesity. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1574-1586. [PMID: 32917958 PMCID: PMC8080655 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00502-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has pivotal roles in metabolic homeostasis and modulation of the intestinal environment. Notably, the administration of Lactobacillus spp. ameliorates diet-induced obesity in humans and mice. However, the mechanisms through which Lactobacillus spp. control host metabolic homeostasis remain unclear. Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the physiological roles of Lactobacillus fermentum in controlling metabolic homeostasis in diet-induced obesity. Our results demonstrated that L. fermentum-potentiated oxidative phosphorylation in adipose tissue, resulting in increased energy expenditure to protect against diet-induced obesity. Indeed, oral administration of L. fermentum LM1016 markedly ameliorated glucose clearance and fatty liver in high-fat diet-fed mice. Moreover, administration of L. fermentum LM1016 markedly decreased inflammation and increased oxidative phosphorylation in gonadal white adipose tissue, as demonstrated by transcriptome analysis. Finally, metabolome analysis showed that metabolites derived from L. fermentum LM1016-attenuated adipocyte differentiation and inflammation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. These pronounced metabolic improvements suggested that the application of L. fermentum LM1016 could have clinical applications for the treatment of metabolic syndromes, such as diet-induced obesity.
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23
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Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on Energy Metabolism, Leptin Resistance, and Gut Microbiota in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092557. [PMID: 32846917 PMCID: PMC7551584 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is closely associated with various metabolic disorders, including leptin resistance, which is characterized by high circulating leptin levels. Probiotics can decrease circulating leptin levels by alteration of the gut microbiota. Thus, they may have anti-obesogenic effects. In this study, the effects of administration of a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), on gut microbiota and modulation of leptin resistance were evaluated in mice. Male Balb/C mice aged 7 weeks were fed either a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD supplemented with low-dose LGG (108 CFU/mouse/day), or HFD supplemented with high-dose LGG (1010 CFU/mouse/day) for 10 weeks. Significantly increased body weight, epididymal fat weight, and decreased leptin responsiveness to exogenous leptin treatment and ratio of villus height to crypt depth were observed in the HFD-fed mice compared to the ND-fed mice. Moreover, a remarkable increase in the proportion of Proteobacteria and ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in the fecal microbiota were also observed in the HFD-fed mice. Supplementation of HFD with high-dose LGG restored exogenous leptin responsiveness, increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth, and decreased the proportion of Proteobacteria in fecal microbiota. These findings suggest that LGG supplementation might alleviate leptin resistance caused by an HFD through the improvement of the digestive health of the host.
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24
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Lim YY, Lee YS, Ooi DSQ. Engineering the Gut Microbiome for Treatment of Obesity: A Review of Current Understanding and Progress. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e2000013. [PMID: 32663372 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease that is increasing in prevalence despite extensive research and efforts to curb it. Over the last decade, gut microbiome has emerged as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of obesity. Microbiome profile is altered in obese phenotype and the causative role of microbiome in obesity is demonstrated in fecal microbiota transplantation studies. Herein, recent evidences supporting the role of gut microbiome in obesity and the current therapies designed to engineer gut microbiome for treatment of obesity will be reviewed. The microbial enterotypes associated with obesity is outlined, and the gut microbiota-driven metabolism and low-grade inflammation linking gut microbiome and obesity is examined. How the different intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as host genetics, mode of childbirth delivery, diet, lifestyle habits and use of antibiotics influence the composition of the gut microbiome in the development of obesity is evaluated. Also, the efficacy of current microbiome-based therapies in the forms of prebiotics, probiotics and engineered microbes that are used to manipulate gut microbiome in treating obesity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Yijuan Lim
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Delicia Shu Qin Ooi
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
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25
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Anti-atherosclerotic effects of Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 in ApoE -/- mice through modulation of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6337-6350. [PMID: 32472174 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease mediated by monocyte infiltration and cholesterol deposition into the subendothelial area, resulting in foam cell development. Probiotics are live bacteria that are beneficial for health when administered orally in adequate amounts. In this study, 8-week-old atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were fed with or without Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 per day for 12 weeks. Serum was collected to analyse the lipid profile, oxidative status and proinflammatory cytokines. The heart was isolated to quantify the atherosclerotic lesion size in the aortic arch. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the expression levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β in the aorta. The proteins extracted from the aorta were used for Western blot analysis to assess the expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα). The composition of gut microbiota was also examined through high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that the daily consumption of L. plantarum ATCC 14917 had no effect on body weight and lipid profile. L. plantarum ATCC 14917 treatment significantly inhibited atherosclerotic lesion formation. In addition, the oxLDL, MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β levels were significantly reduced, whereas the SOD level was induced in the bacteria + high-fat diet group. Furthermore, the administration of L. plantarum ATCC 14917 significantly attenuated IκBα protein degradation and inhibited the translocation of P65 subunits of NF-κB. L. plantarum ATCC 14917 treatment also modulated the composition of gut microbiota in ApoE-/- mice. Our findings showed that L. plantarum ATCC 14917 supplementation decreases the progression of atherosclerotic lesion formation by alleviating the inflammatory process and lowering oxidative stress.
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26
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Chen S, Jiang PP, Yu D, Liao GC, Wu SL, Fang AP, Chen PY, Wang XY, Luo Y, Long JA, Zhong RH, Liu ZY, Li CL, Zhang DM, Zhu HL. Effects of probiotic supplementation on serum trimethylamine-N-oxide level and gut microbiota composition in young males: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:747-758. [PMID: 32440731 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore whether probiotic supplementation could attenuate serum trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) level and impact the intestinal microbiome composition. DESIGN Forty healthy males (20-25 years old) were randomized into the probiotic group (1.32 × 1011 CFU live bacteria including strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium animalis, and Bifidobacterium longum daily) or the control group for 4 weeks. All participants underwent a phosphatidylcholine challenge test (PCCT) before and after the intervention. Serum TMAO and its precursors (TMA, choline and betaine) were measured by UPLC-MS/MS. The faecal microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Serum TMAO and its precursors were markedly increased after the PCCT. No statistical differences were observed in the probiotic and the control group in area under the curve (AUC) (14.79 ± 0.97 μmol/L 8 h vs. 19.17 ± 2.55 μmol/L 8 h, P = 0.106) and the pre- to post-intervention AUC alterations (∆AUC) (- 6.33 ± 2.00 μmol/L 8 h vs. - 0.73 ± 3.04 μmol/L 8 h, P = 0.131) of TMAO; however, higher proportion of participants in probiotic group showed their TMAO decrease after the intervention (78.9% vs. 45.0%, P = 0.029). The abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (P = 0.043) and Prevotella (P = 0.001) in the probiotic group was significantly increased after the intervention but without obvious differences in α- and β-diversity. CONCLUSIONS The current probiotic supplementation resulted in detectable change of intestinal microbiome composition but failed to attenuate the serum TMAO elevation after PCCT. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT03292978. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV WEBSITE: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03292978 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ping-Ping Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Danxia Yu
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Gong-Cheng Liao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shang-Ling Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ai-Ping Fang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Pei-Yan Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing-An Long
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Rong-Huan Zhong
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhao-Yan Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chun-Lei Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dao-Ming Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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27
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Liang C, Guo M, Liu T, Zhou X, Gong P, Lyu L, Niu H, Wu Y, Chen S, Han X, Zhang L. Profiles of gut microbiota in children with obesity from Harbin, China and screening of strains with anti‐obesity ability
in vitro
and
in vivo. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:728-737. [PMID: 32162449 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
- College of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - M. Guo
- Department of Adolescent Medical Clinic Harbin Children's Hospital Harbin China
| | - T. Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - X. Zhou
- Qingdao Central Hospital Qingdao China
| | - P. Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - L. Lyu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - H. Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Y. Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - S. Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - X. Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - L. Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
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28
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Lee CS, Lee SH, Kim SH. Bone‐protective effects of
Lactobacillus plantarum
B719‐fermented milk product. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chul Sang Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Sun Ho Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Sae Hun Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
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29
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Sun M, Wu T, Zhang G, Liu R, Sui W, Zhang M, Geng J, Yin J, Zhang M. Lactobacillus rhamnosusLRa05 improves lipid accumulation in mice fed with a high fat dietviaregulating the intestinal microbiota, reducing glucose content and promoting liver carbohydrate metabolism. Food Funct 2020; 11:9514-9525. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01720e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
LRa05 resists obesityviaamelioratingStreptococcuslevel and glucose metabolism, moreover, the positive correlation betweenIntestinimonasand palmitoyl ethanolamide and the negative correlation betweenEnterorhabdusand vitamin B2 are first found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
| | - Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
- Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology
| | - Guohua Zhang
- School of Life Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
| | - Wenjie Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
| | - Maomao Zhang
- Tianjin Taigu Biotechnology Co. LTD
- Tianjin 300350
- China
| | - Jieting Geng
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
- Tokyo 108-8477
- Japan
| | - Jinjin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
- Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology
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30
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Ji Y, Park S, Chung Y, Kim B, Park H, Huang E, Jeong D, Jung HY, Kim B, Hyun CK, Holzapfel WH. Amelioration of obesity-related biomarkers by Lactobacillus sakei CJLS03 in a high-fat diet-induced obese murine model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6821. [PMID: 31048785 PMCID: PMC6497927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progresses in clinical diagnostic analyses have demonstrated the decisive influence of host gut microbiota on the status of metabolic disorders. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut microbiota, in particular, are considered as a key biomarker, both of communication between gut microbiota and the host, and of impact on host metabolic homeostasis. Microbiota modulation and concomitant anti-obesity effects of probiotics have been reported by different researchers. However, the underlying modulatory functions of probiotics on gut microbiota towards host metabolic homeostasis are still not fully understood. In this study, the impact of Lactobacillus sakei CJLS03 (isolated from Korean kimchi) on obesity-related biomarkers was investigated using a diet-induced obese mouse model. Body weight increase, SCFAs, the gut microbiota and various obesity-associated biomarkers were significantly and beneficially influenced by L. sakei CJLS03 administration compared to the control groups. Analytical data on faecal samples support the role of the colonic microbial population in SCFA production. The composition of the latter may be influenced by modulation of the distal gastro-intestinal microbiota by putative probiotics such as L. sakei CJLS03.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosep Ji
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Park
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmee Chung
- CJ Blossom Park, 42, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16495, Republic of Korea
| | - Bobae Kim
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Haryung Park
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunchong Huang
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Jeong
- CJ Blossom Park, 42, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16495, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoe-Yune Jung
- Department of Life Science, Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjoon Kim
- CJ Blossom Park, 42, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16495, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kee Hyun
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Wilhelm H Holzapfel
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Choi WJ, Dong HJ, Jeong HU, Jung HH, Kim YH, Kim TH. Antiobesity Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum LMT1-48 Accompanied by Inhibition of Enterobacter cloacae in the Intestine of Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Med Food 2019; 22:560-566. [PMID: 31013456 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is the most important environmental factor that plays a role in inducing obesity. The gram-negative bacteria, Enterobacter cloacae strains, recently identified in obese mice are considered to be pathogenic bacteria in the gut. Probiotics are important members of the gut microbiota and exert beneficial effects, including inhibiting the growth of potential pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, we isolated a total of 230 lactic acid bacteria from traditional, Korean fermented foods and fecal samples from newborn infants, including Lactobacillus plantarum LMT1-48, which exhibited maximal antimicrobial activity against E. cloacae. We next investigated the functional antiobesity effects of L. plantarum LMT1-48 in an E. cloacae-induced high-fat diet (HFD)-fed animal obesity model. To this end, the L. plantarum LMT1-48 showed antiobesity effects, including body weight loss and reduction of abdominal fat volume, which was accompanied by a decrease in leptin and total cholesterol levels in E. cloacae-induced HFD-fed mice. Notably, gut microbiota diversity also increased after long-term ingestion of L. plantarum LMT1-48, resulting in amelioration of obesity in E. cloacae-induced HFD-fed mice. Accordingly, results suggest that dietary intake of L. plantarum LMT1-48 protects against the onset of E. cloacae-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jin Choi
- Medytox Gwangkyo R&D Center, Medytox, Inc., Suwon, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Dong
- Medytox Gwangkyo R&D Center, Medytox, Inc., Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Jeong
- Medytox Gwangkyo R&D Center, Medytox, Inc., Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Jung
- Medytox Gwangkyo R&D Center, Medytox, Inc., Suwon, Korea
| | - Yeung-Hyen Kim
- Medytox Gwangkyo R&D Center, Medytox, Inc., Suwon, Korea
| | - Tai Hoon Kim
- Medytox Gwangkyo R&D Center, Medytox, Inc., Suwon, Korea
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32
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Ji Y, Chung YM, Park S, Jeong D, Kim B, Holzapfel WH. Dose-dependent and strain-dependent anti-obesity effects of Lactobacillus sakei in a diet induced obese murine model. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6651. [PMID: 30923658 PMCID: PMC6431538 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and abdominal obesity, in addition to medical conditions such as high blood pressure, high blood sugar and triglyceride levels, are typical risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome. Yet, considering the complexity of factors and underlying mechanisms leading to these inflammatory conditions, a deeper understanding of this area is still lacking. Some probiotics have a reputation of a relatively-long history of safe use, and an increasing number of studies are confirming benefits including anti-obesity effects when administered in adequate amounts. Recent reports demonstrate that probiotic functions may widely differ with reference to either intra-species or inter-species related data. Such differences do not necessarily reflect or explain strain-specific functions of a probiotic, and thus require further assessment at the intra-species level. Various anti-obesity clinical trials with probiotics have shown discrepant results and require additional consolidated studies in order to clarify the correct dose of application for reliable and constant efficacy over a long period. METHODS Three different strains of Lactobacillus sakei were administered in a high-fat diet induced obese murine model using three different doses, 1 × 1010, 1 × 109 and 1 × 108 CFUs, respectively, per day. Changes in body and organ weight were monitored, and serum chemistry analysis was performed for monitoring obesity associated biomarkers. RESULTS Only one strain of L. sakei (CJLS03) induced a dose-dependent anti-obesity effect, while no correlation with either dose or body or adipose tissue weight loss could be detected for the other two L. sakei strains (L338 and L446). The body weight reduction primarily correlated with adipose tissue and obesity-associated serum biomarkers such as triglycerides and aspartate transaminase. DISCUSSION This study shows intraspecies diversity of L. sakei and suggests that anti-obesity effects of probiotics may vary in a strain- and dose-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosep Ji
- Department of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea
| | - Young Mee Chung
- Beneficial Microbes Center, CJ Foods R&D, CJ CheilJedang Corporation, Suwon, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea
| | - Dahye Jeong
- Beneficial Microbes Center, CJ Foods R&D, CJ CheilJedang Corporation, Suwon, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Bongjoon Kim
- Beneficial Microbes Center, CJ Foods R&D, CJ CheilJedang Corporation, Suwon, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Wilhelm Heinrich Holzapfel
- Department of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea
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33
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Mervish NA, Hu J, Hagan LA, Arora M, Frau C, Choi J, Attaie A, Ahmed M, Teitelbaum SL, Wolff MS. Associations of the Oral Microbiota with Obesity and Menarche in Inner City Girls. JOURNAL OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY 2019; 4. [PMID: 31535093 DOI: 10.21767/2572-5394.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Alterations of the oral microbiome have been associated with obesity, possibly based on inflammatory processes mediated by bacteria. Specific bacterial strains have been associated with obesity and periodontal disease. Little is known about the oral microbiome in children. Understanding the relationship between oral health and childhood growth could help identify preventable factors contributing to obesity and related conditions, including onset of menarche which is associated with obesity. Methods In this pilot study, we investigated the saliva microbiome among 25 girls 7-15 years old (mean 11.1) and their mothers in an inner city dental clinic in New York City. The main outcome measures were body size, presence or absence of menarche and dental practices. We examined associations of microbiome richness, diversity, and relative abundance with pubertal and demographic factors and oral health. Results Girls had good dental health and a typical rich oral microbiome, based on the Shannon Index of all species detected. Older girls flossed more often and younger girls had more frequent dental check-ups. Microbiome richness among girls was similar to their mothers', but diversity was greater among mothers than girls. Richness was reduced among mothers with gum bleeding, flossing and increased teeth brushing. Overweight girls had greater diversity and less richness than normal weight girls. Certain bacterial species differed in abundance with respect to whether girls had reached menarche (Flavobacteria, Actinobacteria), overweight (Megasphaera, Lactorbacillales, Lactobacillus) and gingivitis in the girls (Scardovia, Bifidobacteriales, Gemellaceae). Conclusions Differences found in specific bacteria in the oral microbiome were related to body size and menarche. With increasing interest on studying microbiome variability related to the multifactorial etiology of obesity in children, saliva is capable of providing clinically informative markers of this and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy A Mervish
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
| | - Loy A Hagan
- Department of Dentistry/Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Otolaryngogoly and Surgery (Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA.,Department of Dentistry/Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Otolaryngogoly and Surgery (Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
| | - Catalina Frau
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
| | - Julee Choi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
| | - Ali Attaie
- Department of Dentistry/Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Otolaryngogoly and Surgery (Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA.,Department Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
| | - Mairaj Ahmed
- Department of Dentistry/Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Otolaryngogoly and Surgery (Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
| | - Susan L Teitelbaum
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
| | - Mary S Wolff
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, USA
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34
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Probiotics: How Effective Are They in the Fight against Obesity? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020258. [PMID: 30678355 PMCID: PMC6412733 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been associated with structural and functional changes in the gut microbiota. The abundance in, and diversity of, certain bacteria may favor energy harvest and metabolic pathways leading to obesity. Therefore, gut microbiota has become a potential target that can be manipulated to obtain optimal health. Probiotics have been shown to influence the composition of the gut microbiota, improve gut integrity, and restore the microbial shifts characteristic of obesity. Based on physical and biochemical parameters, metabolic and inflammatory markers, and alterations in gut microbe diversity, animal studies revealed beneficial results in obese models whereas the results in humans are sparse and inconsistent. Thus, the purpose of this review is to present evidence from animal studies and human clinical trials demonstrating the effects of various probiotic strains and their potential efficacy in improving obesity and associated metabolic dysfunctions. Furthermore, the review discusses current gaps in our understanding of how probiotics modulate gut microflora to protect against obesity. Finally, we propose future studies and methodological approaches that may shed light on the challenges facing the scientific community in deciphering the host–bacteria interaction in obesity.
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35
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Han R, Ma J, Li H. Mechanistic and therapeutic advances in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting the gut microbiota. Front Med 2018; 12:645-657. [PMID: 30178233 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0645-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common metabolic diseases currently in the context of obesity worldwide, which contains a spectrum of chronic liver diseases, including hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic carcinoma. In addition to the classical "Two-hit" theory, NAFLD has been recognized as a typical gut microbiota-related disease because of the intricate role of gut microbiota in maintaining human health and disease formation. Moreover, gut microbiota is even regarded as a "metabolic organ" that play complementary roles to that of liver in many aspects. The mechanisms underlying gut microbiota-mediated development of NAFLD include modulation of host energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and bile acid and choline metabolism. As a result, gut microbiota have been emerging as a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD by manipulating it in various ways, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and herbal components. In this review, we summarized the most recent advances in gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms, as well as gut microbiota-targeted therapies on NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Han
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Junli Ma
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Houkai Li
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Lee HL, Shen H, Hwang IY, Ling H, Yew WS, Lee YS, Chang MW. Targeted Approaches for In Situ Gut Microbiome Manipulation. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E351. [PMID: 30002345 PMCID: PMC6071227 DOI: 10.3390/genes9070351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities and their collective genomes form the gut microbiome, of which bacteria are the major contributor. Through their secreted metabolites, bacteria interact with the host, influencing human health and physiology. Perturbation of the microbiota and metabolome has been associated with various diseases and metabolic conditions. As knowledge on fundamental host-microbiome interactions and genetic engineering tools becomes readily available, targeted manipulation of the gut microbiome for therapeutic applications gains favourable attention. Manipulation of the gut microbiome can be achieved by altering the microbiota population and composition, or by modifying the functional metabolic activity of the microbiome to promote health and restore the microbiome balance. In this article, we review current works that demonstrate various strategies employed to manipulate the gut microbiome in situ to various degrees of precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ling Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore.
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
| | - Haosheng Shen
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - In Young Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore.
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
| | - Hua Ling
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore.
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
| | - Wen Shan Yew
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore.
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore.
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
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Kang Y, Cai Y. The development of probiotics therapy to obesity: a therapy that has gained considerable momentum. Hormones (Athens) 2018; 17:141-151. [PMID: 29858841 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-018-0003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing epidemic worldwide. The most frequent cause leading to the development of obesity is an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The gut microbiota is an environmental factor involved in obesity and metabolic disorders which reveals that obese animal and human subjects present alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota compared to their lean counterparts. Furthermore, evidence has so far demonstrated that the gut microbiota, which influences whole-body metabolism, by affecting energy balance, but also inflammation and gut barrier function, integrates peripheral and central food intake regulatory signals, thereby altering body weight. At the same time, these data suggest that species of intestinal commensal bacteria may play either a pathogenic or a protective role in the development of obesity. Though still a relatively nascent field of research, evidence to date suggests that manipulating the gut microbiome may represent effective treatment for the prevention or management of obesity. Various studies have described the beneficial effects of specific bacteria on the characteristics of obesity. However, the available data in this field remain limited and the relevant scientific work has only recently begun. This review aims to summarize the notable advances and contributions in the field that may prove useful for identifying probiotics that target obesity and its related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Kang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No.727 South Jingming Rd. Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yue Cai
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No.727 South Jingming Rd. Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, China
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Ji Y, Park S, Park H, Hwang E, Shin H, Pot B, Holzapfel WH. Modulation of Active Gut Microbiota by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in a Diet Induced Obesity Murine Model. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:710. [PMID: 29692770 PMCID: PMC5902571 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota play a key role in the development of metabolic disorders. Defining and correlating structural shifts in gut microbial assemblages with conditions related to metabolic syndrome have, however, been proven difficult. Results from 16S genomic DNA and 16S ribosomal RNA analyses of fecal samples may differ widely, leading to controversial information on the whole microbial community and metabolically active microbiota. Using a C57BL/6J murine model, we compared data from 16S genomic DNA and ribosomal RNA of the fecal microbiota. The study included three groups of experimental animals comprising two groups with high fat diet induced obesity (DIO) while a third group (control) received a low fat diet. One of the DIO groups was treated with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). Compared to the data obtained by DNA analysis, a significantly higher abundance of OTUs was accounted for by RNA analysis. Moreover, rRNA based analysis showed a modulation of the active gut microbial population in the DIO group receiving LGG, thus reflecting a change in the induced obesity status of the host. As one of the most widely studied probiotics the functionality of LGG has been linked to the alleviation of metabolic syndrome, and, in some cases, to an impact on the microbiome. Yet, it appears that no study has reported thus far on modulation of the active microbiota by LGG treatment. It is postulated that the resulting impact on calorie consumption affects weight gain concomitantly with modulation of the functional structure of the gut microbial population. Using the 16S rRNA based approach therefore decisively increased the precision of gut microbiota metagenome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosep Ji
- Graduate School of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Soyoung Park
- Graduate School of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Haryung Park
- Graduate School of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Eunchong Hwang
- Graduate School of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Hyeunkil Shin
- School of Life Sciences, Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Bruno Pot
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wilhelm H Holzapfel
- Graduate School of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
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Community and Proteomic Analysis of Anaerobic Consortia Converting Tetramethylammonium to Methane. ARCHAEA-AN INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2017; 2017:2170535. [PMID: 29391857 PMCID: PMC5748143 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2170535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tetramethylammonium-degrading methanogenic consortia from a complete-mixing suspended sludge (CMSS) and an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors were studied using multiple PCR-based molecular techniques and shotgun proteomic approach. The prokaryotic 16S rRNA genes of the consortia were analyzed by quantitative PCR, high-throughput sequencing, and DGGE-cloning methods. The results showed that methanogenic archaea were highly predominant in both reactors but differed markedly according to community structure. Community and proteomic analysis revealed that Methanomethylovorans and Methanosarcina were the major players for the demethylation of methylated substrates and methane formation through the reduction pathway of methyl-S-CoM and possibly, acetyl-CoA synthase/decarbonylase-related pathways. Unlike high dominance of one Methanomethylovorans population in the CMSS reactor, diverse methylotrophic Methanosarcina species inhabited in syntrophy-like association with hydrogenotrophic Methanobacterium in the granular sludge of UASB reactor. The overall findings indicated the reactor-dependent community structures of quaternary amines degradation and provided microbial insight for the improved understanding of engineering application.
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He M, Shi B. Gut microbiota as a potential target of metabolic syndrome: the role of probiotics and prebiotics. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:54. [PMID: 29090088 PMCID: PMC5655955 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) comprises central obesity, increased plasma glucose levels, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, and its incidence is increasing due to changes in lifestyle and dietary structure in recent years. MS has been proven to be associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus, leading to morbidity and mortality. In this manuscript, we review recent studies concerning the role of the gut microbiota in MS modulation. Manipulation of the gut microbiota through the administration of prebiotics or probiotics may assist in weight loss and reduce plasma glucose and serum lipid levels, decreasing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. To the best of our knowledge, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile salt hydrolase (BSH), metabolic endotoxemia and the endocannabinoid (eCB) system are essential in regulating the initiation and progression of MS through the normalization of adipogenesis and the regulation of insulin secretion, fat accumulation, energy homeostasis, and plasma cholesterol levels. Therefore, the gut microbiota may serve as a potential therapeutic target for MS. However, further studies are needed to enhance our understanding of manipulating the gut microbiota and the role of the gut microbiota in MS prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian He
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
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Gut Microbiota and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Insights on Mechanisms and Therapy. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101124. [PMID: 29035308 PMCID: PMC5691740 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays critical roles in development of obese-related metabolic diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes(T2D), and insulin resistance(IR), highlighting the potential of gut microbiota-targeted therapies in these diseases. There are various ways that gut microbiota can be manipulated, including through use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, and some active components from herbal medicines. In this review, we review the main roles of gut microbiota in mediating the development of NAFLD, and the advances in gut microbiota-targeted therapies for NAFLD in both the experimental and clinical studies, as well as the conclusions on the prospect of gut microbiota-targeted therapies in the future.
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Roselli M, Devirgiliis C, Zinno P, Guantario B, Finamore A, Rami R, Perozzi G. Impact of supplementation with a food-derived microbial community on obesity-associated inflammation and gut microbiota composition. GENES AND NUTRITION 2017; 12:25. [PMID: 29043005 PMCID: PMC5628415 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-017-0583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Obesity is a complex pathology associated with dysbiosis, metabolic alterations, and low-grade chronic inflammation promoted by immune cells, infiltrating and populating the adipose tissue. Probiotic supplementation was suggested to be capable of counteracting obesity-associated immune and microbial alterations, based on its proven immunomodulatory activity and positive effect on gut microbial balance. Traditional fermented foods represent a natural source of live microbes, including environmental strains with probiotic features, which could transiently colonise the gut. The aim of our work was to evaluate the impact of supplementation with a complex foodborne bacterial consortium on obesity-associated inflammation and gut microbiota composition in a mouse model. Methods C57BL/6J mice fed a 45% high fat diet (HFD) for 90 days were supplemented with a mixture of foodborne lactic acid bacteria derived from the traditional fermented dairy product “Mozzarella di Bufala Campana” (MBC) or with the commercial probiotic GG strain of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG). Inflammation was assessed in epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) following HFD. Faecal microbiota composition was studied by next-generation sequencing. Results Significant reduction of epididymal WAT weight was observed in MBC-treated, as compared to LGG and control, animals. Serum metabolic profiling showed correspondingly reduced levels of triglycerides and higher levels of HDL cholesterol, as well as a trend toward reduction of LDL-cholesterol levels. Analysis of the principal leucocyte subpopulations in epididymal WAT revealed increased regulatory T cells and CD4+ cells in MBC microbiota-supplemented mice, as well as decreased macrophage and CD8+ cell numbers, suggesting anti-inflammatory effects. These results were associated with lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in WAT explants. Faecal bacterial profiling demonstrated increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in all mice groups following HFD. Conclusions Taken together, these results indicate a protective effect of MBC microbiota supplementation toward HFD-induced fat accumulation and triglyceride and cholesterol levels, as well as inflammation, suggesting a stronger effect of a mixed microbial consortium vs single-strain probiotic supplementation. The immunomodulatory activity exerted by the MBC microbiota could be due to synergistic interactions within the microbial consortium, highlighting the important role of dietary microbes with yet uncharacterised probiotic effect. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12263-017-0583-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Roselli
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Devirgiliis
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Zinno
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Guantario
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Finamore
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Rami
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuditta Perozzi
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
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Evivie SE, Huo GC, Igene JO, Bian X. Some current applications, limitations and future perspectives of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1318034. [PMID: 28659729 PMCID: PMC5475324 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1318034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several mechanism and non-mechanism-based studies supporting the claim that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains confer health benefits and play immune-modulatory roles were examined in this review. Probiotic applications of LAB on global burdens such as obesity and type-2 diabetes were discussed as well as the use of yoghurt and ice cream as important vehicles to convey several beneficial LAB strains. Probiotic and symbiotic dairy products may be used in the nearest future to treat a variety of health disorders. Current studies suggest that lactic acid bacteria possess anti-obesity and anti-diabetic propensities on their hosts and thus can play a crucial role in human health care. Research in the rheological and physicochemical properties of ice cream as well as its applications are also on the increase. These applications face certain hurdles including technological (for less developed countries), consumer acceptability of new functional foods may be influenced by culture, ethics or religion. There is need for more studies on the genetic basis for probiotic properties which will give further understanding regarding novel manipulation skills and applicability in nutrition and health sectors. More studies confirming the direct effects of probiotic LABs in lowering the spread of food-borne and other pathogens are also anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smith Etareri Evivie
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University (NEAU), Harbin, PR China
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Gui-Cheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University (NEAU), Harbin, PR China
| | - John Oamen Igene
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Xin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University (NEAU), Harbin, PR China
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Metabolic role of lactobacilli in weight modification in humans and animals. Microb Pathog 2017; 106:182-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Allen-Blevins CR, You X, Hinde K, Sela DA. Handling stress may confound murine gut microbiota studies. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2876. [PMID: 28097073 PMCID: PMC5234434 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence indicates interactions between human milk composition, particularly sugars (human milk oligosaccharides or HMO), the gut microbiota of human infants, and behavioral effects. Some HMO secreted in human milk are unable to be endogenously digested by the human infant but are able to be metabolized by certain species of gut microbiota, including Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis), a species sensitive to host stress (Bailey & Coe, 2004). Exposure to gut bacteria like B. infantisduring critical neurodevelopment windows in early life appears to have behavioral consequences; however, environmental, physical, and social stress during this period can also have behavioral and microbial consequences. While rodent models are a useful method for determining causal relationships between HMO, gut microbiota, and behavior, murine studies of gut microbiota usually employ oral gavage, a technique stressful to the mouse. Our aim was to develop a less-invasive technique for HMO administration to remove the potential confound of gavage stress. Under the hypothesis that stress affects gut microbiota, particularly B. infantis, we predicted the pups receiving a prebiotic solution in a less-invasive manner would have the highest amount of Bifidobacteria in their gut. METHODS This study was designed to test two methods, active and passive, of solution administration to mice and the effects on their gut microbiome. Neonatal C57BL/6J mice housed in a specific-pathogen free facility received increasing doses of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) solution or deionized, distilled water. Gastrointestinal (GI) tracts were collected from five dams, six sires, and 41 pups over four time points. Seven fecal pellets from unhandled pups and two pellets from unhandled dams were also collected. Qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to quantify and compare the amount of Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. RESULTS Our results demonstrate a significant difference between the amount of Firmicutes in pups receiving water passively and those receiving FOS actively (p-value = 0.009). Additionally, we found significant differences between the fecal microbiota from handled and non-handled mouse pups. DISCUSSION From our results, we conclude even handling pups for experimental purposes, without gavage, may induce enough stress to alter the murine gut microbiota profile. We suggest further studies to examine potential stress effects on gut microbiota caused by experimental techniques. Stress from experimental techniques may need to be accounted for in future gut microbiota studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary R. Allen-Blevins
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Xiaomeng You
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Katie Hinde
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - David A. Sela
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
- Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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Park S, Ji Y, Jung HY, Park H, Kang J, Choi SH, Shin H, Hyun CK, Kim KT, Holzapfel WH. Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 regulates gut microbiota and adipose tissue accumulation in a diet-induced obesity murine model. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:1605-1614. [PMID: 27858139 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The functional features of Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 (HAC01), isolated from fermented Korean kimchi, were studied with regard to the fat mass, immunometabolic biomarkers and dysbiosis in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) murine model. L. rhamnosus GG (LGG) served as reference strain and a PBS-treated group as control. The administration of L. plantarum HAC01 resulted in reduction of the mesenteric adipose depot, the conjunctive tissue closely associated with the gastrointestinal tract, where lipid oxidative gene expression was upregulated compared to the control group. Metagenome analysis of intestinal microbiota showed that both strains HAC01 and LGG influenced specific bacterial families such as the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae rather than the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes as a whole. The relative abundance of the Lachnospiraceae (phylum Firmicutes) was significantly higher in both LAB-treated groups than in the control. Comparing the impact of the two Lactobacillus strains on microbial composition in the gut also suggests strain-specific effects. The study emphasises the need for deeper studies into functional specificity of a probiotic organism at the strain level. Alleviation of obesity-associated dysbiosis by modulation of the gut microbiota appears to be associated with "indicator" bacterial taxa such as the family Lachnospiraceae. This may provide further insight into mechanisms basic to the mode of probiotic action against obesity and associated dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Park
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment Institute (AGEE), Handong Global University, 558 Handong-Ro, 3, Heunghae-eup, Buk-gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37673, South Korea
- R&D Center, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37668, South Korea
| | - Yosep Ji
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment Institute (AGEE), Handong Global University, 558 Handong-Ro, 3, Heunghae-eup, Buk-gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Hoe-Yune Jung
- R&D Center, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37668, South Korea
- Department of Life Science, Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Park
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment Institute (AGEE), Handong Global University, 558 Handong-Ro, 3, Heunghae-eup, Buk-gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jihee Kang
- AtoGen Co. Ltd., 11-8 Techno 1-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34015, South Korea
| | - Sang-Haeng Choi
- AtoGen Co. Ltd., 11-8 Techno 1-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34015, South Korea
| | - Heuynkil Shin
- School of Life Sciences, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 791-708, South Korea
| | - Chang-Kee Hyun
- School of Life Sciences, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 791-708, South Korea
| | - Kyong-Tai Kim
- Department of Life Science, Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Wilhelm H Holzapfel
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment Institute (AGEE), Handong Global University, 558 Handong-Ro, 3, Heunghae-eup, Buk-gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37673, South Korea.
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Chan YK, Brar MS, Kirjavainen PV, Chen Y, Peng J, Li D, Leung FCC, El-Nezami H. High fat diet induced atherosclerosis is accompanied with low colonic bacterial diversity and altered abundances that correlates with plaque size, plasma A-FABP and cholesterol: a pilot study of high fat diet and its intervention with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) or telmisartan in ApoE -/- mice. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:264. [PMID: 27821063 PMCID: PMC5100306 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis appears to have multifactorial causes - microbial component like lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and other pathogen associated molecular patterns may be plausible factors. The gut microbiota is an ample source of such stimulants, and its dependent metabolites and altered gut metagenome has been an established link to atherosclerosis. In this exploratory pilot study, we aimed to elucidate whether microbial intervention with probiotics L. rhamnosus GG (LGG) or pharmaceuticals telmisartan (TLM) could improve atherosclerosis in a gut microbiota associated manner. METHODS Atherosclerotic phenotype was established by 12 weeks feeding of high fat (HF) diet as opposed to normal chow diet (ND) in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. LGG or TLM supplementation to HF diet was studied. RESULTS Both LGG and TLM significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaque size and improved various biomarkers including endotoxin to different extents. Colonial microbiota analysis revealed that TLM restored HF diet induced increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and decrease in alpha diversity; and led to a more distinct microbial clustering closer to ND in PCoA plot. Eubacteria, Anaeroplasma, Roseburia, Oscillospira and Dehalobacteria appeared to be protective against atherosclerosis and showed significant negative correlation with atherosclerotic plaque size and plasma adipocyte - fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) and cholesterol. CONCLUSION LGG and TLM improved atherosclerosis with TLM having a more distinct alteration in the colonic gut microbiota. Altered bacteria genera and reduced alpha diversity had significant correlations to atherosclerotic plaque size, plasma A-FABP and cholesterol. Future studies on such bacterial functional influence in lipid metabolism will be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Kwan Chan
- 5S12, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Manreetpal Singh Brar
- 5N01, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Pirkka V Kirjavainen
- Food and Research Health Centre, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Yan Chen
- L943, Laboratory Block, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jiao Peng
- L943, Laboratory Block, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Daxu Li
- L943, Laboratory Block, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Frederick Chi-Ching Leung
- 5N01, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Bioinformatics Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- 5S12, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. .,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. .,5S13, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Isolated exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG alleviated adipogenesis mediated by TLR2 in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36083. [PMID: 27786292 PMCID: PMC5081535 DOI: 10.1038/srep36083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast cell line of 3T3-L1 was used as a cell model for screening and evaluating the feasibility of probiotic components in improving animal lipid metabolisms. The extracts from 12 Lactobacillus strains caused significantly reduced triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation but with severe inflammation induction in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Interestingly, exopolysaccharides (EPS) from LGG (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) significantly decreased the TAG accumulation without any inflammation. The anti-obesity effect of EPS was confirmed in high-fat-diets feeding mice. Fat pads of mice injected with EPS (50 mg/kg) every two days for two weeks were significantly reduced with much smaller adipocytes, compared with the counterparts. The levels of TAG and cholesterol ester in liver, as well as serum TAG, were decreased in EPS injected mice. In addition, down-regulated inflammation was observed in adipose tissue and liver. Interestingly, the expression of TLR2 in adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 cells was significantly increased by EPS addition. Moreover, the reverse of TAG accumulation in TLR2 knockdown 3T3-L1 in the presence of EPS confirmed that the inhibition effect of EPS on adipogenesis was mediated by TLR2. EPS from LGG has the potential for therapeutic development to intervene lipid metabolic disorders in mammals.
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Pothuraju R, Sharma R, Kavadi P, Chagalamarri J, Jangra S, Bhakri G, De S. Anti-obesity effect of milk fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum NCDC 625 alone and in combination with herbs on high fat diet fed C57BL/6J mice. Benef Microbes 2016; 7:375-85. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of dietary supplementation of milk fermented with indigenous probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum (LP625) alone and in combination with herbs (Aloe vera and Gymnema sylvestre) was investigated on high fat diet (HFD, 60 kcal% fat) fed mice for 12 weeks. Administration of LP625 alone or in combination with both herbs lowered the final body weight, however, a significant difference was observed with LP625 supplemented Gymnema sylvestre only as compared to the HFD fed group (25.06±0.18 vs 27.29±0.72 g, P<0.05). Similarly, the epididymal fat mass, fasting blood glucose and serum insulin levels were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by all treatment groups. In addition, a protective effect against the rise in serum and liver triglycerides, and in liver total cholesterol levels was found with the consumption of LP625 alone or in combination with herbs. Furthermore, the HFD fed mice showed a remarkable increase in the epididymal fat cell size, whereas administration of LP625 alone or in combination with herbs exhibited a significant decrease in the size. Finally, a significant increase in the relative mRNA expression of thermogenic proteins, i.e. uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2, 1.16±0.25 fold change, P<0.05) and a decrease in pro-inflammatory markers, such as tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 (1.55±0.18 and 3.10±0.58 fold change, respectively, P<0.05) were due to LP625 supplementation in the HFD fed group. This shows that LP625 alone or supplemented with herbs seems to protect against diet induced obesity by decreasing the body and epididymal fat weight through upregulation of UCP-2 expression and reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Pothuraju
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - R.K. Sharma
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - P.K. Kavadi
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - J. Chagalamarri
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - S. Jangra
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - G. Bhakri
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - S. De
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
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