1
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Feizollahi P, Zamanian MH, Falahi S, Salari F, Mahmoudi Z, Faryadi E, Gorgin Karaji A, Rezaiemanesh A. Association of IFIH1 and DDX58 genes polymorphism with susceptibility to COVID-19. Med Microbiol Immunol 2023:10.1007/s00430-023-00764-x. [PMID: 37308752 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-023-00764-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system, such as RIG-I and MDA5, are responsible for recognizing viruses and inducing interferon production. Genetic polymorphisms in the coding regions of RLR may be associated with the severity of COVID-19. Considering the contribution of the RLR signaling in immune-mediated reactions, this study investigated the association between three SNP in the coding region of IFIH1 and DDX58 genes with the susceptibility to COVID-19 in the Kermanshah population, Iran. 177 patients with severe and 182 with mild COVID-19 were admitted for this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes of patients to determine the genotypes of two SNPs, rs1990760(C>T) and rs3747517(T>C) IFIH1 gene and rs10813831(G>A) DDX58 gene using PCR-RFLP method. Our results showed that the frequency of the AA genotype of rs10813831(G>A) was associated with susceptibility to COVID-19 compared to the GG genotype (p = 0.017, OR = 2.593, 95% CI 1.173-5.736). We also observed a statistically significant difference in the recessive model for SNPs rs10813831 variant (AA versus GG + GA, p = 0.003, OR = 2.901, 95% CI 1.405-6.103). Furthermore, No significant association was found between rs1990760 (C>T) and rs3747517(T>C) of IFIH1 gene polymorphisms with COVID-19. Our findings suggest that DDX58 rs10813831(A>G) polymorphism may be associated with COVID-19 severity in the Kermanshah population, Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Feizollahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Shahid Shiroudi Boulevard, PO-Box: 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Zamanian
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sara Falahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Shahid Shiroudi Boulevard, PO-Box: 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farhad Salari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Shahid Shiroudi Boulevard, PO-Box: 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zahra Mahmoudi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elham Faryadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Gorgin Karaji
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Shahid Shiroudi Boulevard, PO-Box: 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Shahid Shiroudi Boulevard, PO-Box: 6714869914, Kermanshah, Iran.
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2
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Ke PY. Crosstalk between Autophagy and RLR Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060956. [PMID: 36980296 PMCID: PMC10047499 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a homeostatic role in regulating cellular metabolism by degrading unwanted intracellular materials and acts as a host defense mechanism by eliminating infecting pathogens, such as viruses. Upon viral infection, host cells often activate retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) signaling to induce the transcription of type I interferons, thus establishing the first line of the innate antiviral response. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that virus-mediated autophagy activation may benefit viral replication through different actions on host cellular processes, including the modulation of RLR-mediated innate immunity. Here, an overview of the functional molecules and regulatory mechanism of the RLR antiviral immune response as well as autophagy is presented. Moreover, a summary of the current knowledge on the biological role of autophagy in regulating RLR antiviral signaling is provided. The molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between autophagy and RLR innate immunity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
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3
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Tiruvayipati S, Hameed DS, Ahmed N. Play the plug: How bacteria modify recognition by host receptors? Front Microbiol 2022; 13:960326. [PMID: 36312954 PMCID: PMC9615552 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.960326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse microbial community that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract has remarkable effects on the host immune system and physiology resulting in homeostasis or disease. In both scenarios, the gut microbiota interacts with their host through ligand-receptor binding whereby the downstream signaling processes determine the outcome of the interaction as disease or the counteractive immune responses of the host. Despite several studies on microbe-host interactions and the mechanisms by which this intricate process happens, a comprehensive and updated inventory of known ligand-receptor interactions and their roles in disease is paramount. The ligands which originate as a result of microbial responses to the host environment contribute to either symbiotic or parasitic relationships. On the other hand, the host receptors counteract the ligand actions by mounting a neutral or an innate response. The varying degrees of polymorphic changes in the host receptors contribute to specificity of interaction with the microbial ligands. Additionally, pathogenic microbes manipulate host receptors with endogenous enzymes belonging to the effector protein family. This review focuses on the diversity and similarity in the gut microbiome-host interactions both in health and disease conditions. It thus establishes an overview that can help identify potential therapeutic targets in response to critically soaring antimicrobial resistance as juxtaposed to tardy antibiotic development research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Tiruvayipati
- Infectious Diseases Programme, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dharjath S. Hameed
- Department of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Niyaz Ahmed
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
- *Correspondence: Niyaz Ahmed, ,
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4
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Jeremiah SS, Miyakawa K, Matsunaga S, Nishi M, Kudoh A, Takaoka A, Sawasaki T, Ryo A. Cleavage of TANK-Binding Kinase 1 by HIV-1 Protease Triggers Viral Innate Immune Evasion. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:643407. [PMID: 33986734 PMCID: PMC8110901 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.643407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-I interferons (IFN-I) are the innate immune system’s principal defense against viral infections. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) has evolved several ways to suppress or evade the host’s innate immunity in order to survive and replicate to sustain infection. Suppression of IFN-I is one among the multiple escape strategies used by HIV-1 to prevent its clearance. HIV-1 protease which helps in viral maturation has also been observed to cleave host cellular protein kinases. In this study we performed a comprehensive screening of a human kinase library using AlphaScreen assay and identified that TANK binding kinase-1 (TBK1) was cleaved by HIV-1 protease (PR). We demonstrate that PR cleaved TBK1 fails to phosphorylate IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), thereby reducing the IFN-I promoter activity and further reveal that the PR mediated suppression of IFN-I could be counteracted by protease inhibitors (PI) in vitro. We have also revealed that mutations of HIV-1 PR that confer drug resistance to PIs reduce the enzyme’s ability to cleave TBK1. The findings of this study unearth a direct link between HIV-1 PR activity and evasion of innate immunity by the virus, the possible physiological relevance of which warrants to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoko Matsunaga
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kudoh
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akinori Takaoka
- Division of Signaling in Cancer and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawasaki
- Division of Cell-Free Life Science, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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5
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Kim K, Ji P, Song M, Che TM, Bravo D, Pettigrew JE, Liu Y. Dietary plant extracts modulate gene expression profiles in alveolar macrophages of pigs experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:74. [PMID: 32685145 PMCID: PMC7359597 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00475-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study showed that 3 plant extracts enhanced the immune responses and growth efficiency of weaned pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which is one of the most economically important disease in swine industry. However, each plant extract differently effected on growth efficiency and immune responses. Therefore, the objective of this study was conducted to characterize the effects and investigate the potential underlying mechanisms of 3 plant extracts on gene expression of alveolar macrophages in weaned pigs experimentally infected with PRRSV. RESULTS PRRSV infection altered (P < 0.05) the expression of 1,352 genes in pigs fed the control (CON; 755 up, 597 down). Compared with the infected CON, feeding capsicum (CAP), garlic botanical (GAR), or turmeric oleoresin (TUR) altered the expression of 46 genes (24 up, 22 down), 134 genes (59 up, 75 down), or 98 genes (55 up, 43 down) in alveolar macrophages of PRRSV-infected pigs, respectively. PRRSV infection up-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of genes related to cell apoptosis, immune system process, and response to stimulus, but down-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of genes involved in signaling transduction and innate immune response. Compared with the infected CON, feeding TUR or GAR reduced (P < 0.05) the expression of genes associated with antigen processing and presentation, feeding CAP up-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of genes involved in antigen processing and presentation. Supplementation of CAP, GAR, or TUR also enhanced (P < 0.05) the expression of several genes related to amino acid metabolism, steroid hormone synthesis, or RNA degradation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that 3 plant extracts differently regulated the expression of genes in alveolar macrophages of PRRSV-infected pigs, especially altering genes involved in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangwook Kim
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Minho Song
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Tung M. Che
- Department of Animal Production, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - David Bravo
- Pancosma SA, Geneva, Switzerland
- Current address: Land O’Lakes Inc., Arden Hills, MN USA
| | | | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA USA
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6
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Lamborn IT, Su HC. Genetic determinants of host immunity against human rhinovirus infections. Hum Genet 2020; 139:949-959. [PMID: 32112143 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses (RV) are a frequent cause of respiratory tract infections with substantial morbidity and mortality in some patients. Nevertheless, the genetic basis of susceptibility to RV in humans has been relatively understudied. Experimental infections of mice and in vitro infections of human cells have indicated that various pathogen recognition receptors (TLRs, RIG-I, and MDA5) regulate innate immune responses to RV. However, deficiency of MDA5 is the only one among these so far uncovered that confers RV susceptibility in humans. Other work has shown increased RV susceptibility in patients with a polymorphism in CDHR3 that encodes the cellular receptor for RV-C entry. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the genetic determinants of human RV susceptibility in the context of what is known about RV biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T Lamborn
- Human Immunological Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Helen C Su
- Human Immunological Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.
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7
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Brisse M, Ly H. Comparative Structure and Function Analysis of the RIG-I-Like Receptors: RIG-I and MDA5. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1586. [PMID: 31379819 PMCID: PMC6652118 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RIG-I (Retinoic acid-inducible gene I) and MDA5 (Melanoma Differentiation-Associated protein 5), collectively known as the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), are key protein sensors of the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in the form of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) motifs to induce expression of type 1 interferons (IFN1) (IFNα and IFNβ) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines during the early stage of viral infection. While RIG-I and MDA5 share many genetic, structural and functional similarities, there is increasing evidence that they can have significantly different strategies to recognize different pathogens, PAMPs, and in different host species. This review article discusses the similarities and differences between RIG-I and MDA5 from multiple perspectives, including their structures, evolution and functional relationships with other cellular proteins, their differential mechanisms of distinguishing between host and viral dsRNAs and interactions with host and viral protein factors, and their immunogenic signaling. A comprehensive comparative analysis can help inform future studies of RIG-I and MDA5 in order to fully understand their functions in order to optimize potential therapeutic approaches targeting them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Brisse
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
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8
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Yong HY, Luo D. RIG-I-Like Receptors as Novel Targets for Pan-Antivirals and Vaccine Adjuvants Against Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1379. [PMID: 29973930 PMCID: PMC6019452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging viruses pose a significant public health challenge around the world, among which RNA viruses are the cause of many major outbreaks of infectious diseases. As one of the early lines of defense in the human immune system, RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) play an important role as sentinels to thwart the progression of virus infection. The activation of RLRs leads to an antiviral state in the host cells, which triggers the adaptive arm of immunity and ultimately the clearance of viral infections. Hence, RLRs are promising targets for the development of pan-antivirals and vaccine adjuvants. Here, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of developing RLR agonists into antiviral therapeutic agents and vaccine adjuvants against a broad range of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yee Yong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dahai Luo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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9
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The Absence of Interferon-β Promotor Stimulator-1 (IPS-1) Predisposes to Bronchiolitis and Asthma-like Pathology in Response to Pneumoviral Infection in Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2353. [PMID: 28539639 PMCID: PMC5443759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-bronchiolitis is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality and a risk factor for subsequent asthma. We showed previously that toll-like receptor (TLR)7 in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) is critical for protection against bronchiolitis and asthma in mice infected with pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), the mouse homolog of RSV. This lack of redundancy was unexpected as interferon-β promotor stimulator-1 (IPS-1) signalling, downstream of RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) and not TLR7 activation, contributes to host defence in hRSV-inoculated adult mice. To further clarify the role of IPS-1 signalling, we inoculated IPS-1−/− and WT mice with PVM in early-life, and again in later-life, to model the association between bronchiolitis and asthma. IPS-1 deficiency predisposed to severe PVM bronchiolitis, characterised by neutrophilic inflammation and necroptotic airway epithelial cell death, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and IL-33 release, and downstream type-2 inflammation. Secondary infection induced an eosinophilic asthma-like pathophysiology in IPS-1−/− but not WT mice. Mechanistically, we identified that IPS-1 is necessary for pDC recruitment, IFN-α production and viral control. Our findings suggest that TLR7 and RLR signalling work collaboratively to optimally control the host response to pneumovirus infection thereby protecting against viral bronchiolitis and subsequent asthma.
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10
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Martin P, Martínez-Velasquez J, Coronado MJ, Krsnik I, Provencio M, Navarro B, Moraru M, Bellas C, Vilches C, Gomez-Lozano N. Association of DDX58 177 C > T polymorphism with decreased risk of Epstein-Barr virus-related nodular sclerosis classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 58:438-444. [PMID: 27267403 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1190972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is frequently related to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Its malignant capacity is attributed to disruption of an EBV-host balance influenced by environmental and genetic drivers. EBV structures activate Type I interferon (IFN) pathway of the innate immunity, therefore, genetic polymorphisms could influence this response. We explored the impact of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on EBV-associated cHL susceptibility. Toll-like receptors 9 (TLR9_rs5743836), and 3 (TLR3_rs3775291), Interleukin-28B (IL28B_rs12979860), and DEAD-box polypeptide 58 (DDX58_rs10813831) were genotyped in 73 EBV-positive and 106 EBV-negative cHL patients and 396 controls. Only DDX58_rs10813831 T-allele was decreased among EBV-positive cHL compared to controls. A stratified analysis in EBV-positive cHL showed that the reduced rate was associated with younger age and nodular sclerosis. In conclusion, DDX58_rs10813831 T-allele may be associated with a reduced risk of nodular sclerosis EBV-related cHL, which suggests a role for RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I), encoded by DDX58, in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Martin
- a Group of Molecular Pathology , Instituto de Investigación Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM) , Majadahonda , Spain
| | - Jimena Martínez-Velasquez
- b Group of Immunity and Lymphoproliferative Diseases , Instituto de Investigación Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM) , Majadahonda , Spain
| | - Maria Jose Coronado
- c Confocal Microscopy Unit , Instituto de Investigación Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM) , Majadahonda , Spain
| | - Isabel Krsnik
- d Department of Hematology , Instituto de Investigación Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM) , Majadahonda , Spain
| | - Mariano Provencio
- e Department of Oncology , Instituto de Investigación Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM) , Majadahonda , Spain
| | - Belen Navarro
- d Department of Hematology , Instituto de Investigación Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM) , Majadahonda , Spain
| | - Manuela Moraru
- f Group of Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility , Instituto de Investigación Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM) , Majadahonda , Spain
| | - Carmen Bellas
- a Group of Molecular Pathology , Instituto de Investigación Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM) , Majadahonda , Spain
| | - Carlos Vilches
- f Group of Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility , Instituto de Investigación Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM) , Majadahonda , Spain
| | - Natalia Gomez-Lozano
- b Group of Immunity and Lymphoproliferative Diseases , Instituto de Investigación Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM) , Majadahonda , Spain
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11
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Loisel DA, Du G, Ahluwalia TS, Tisler CJ, Evans MD, Myers RA, Gangnon RE, Kreiner-Møller E, Bønnelykke K, Bisgaard H, Jackson DJ, Lemanske RF, Nicolae DL, Gern JE, Ober C. Genetic associations with viral respiratory illnesses and asthma control in children. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:112-24. [PMID: 26399222 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral respiratory infections can cause acute wheezing illnesses in children and exacerbations of asthma. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify variation in genes with known antiviral and pro-inflammatory functions to identify specific associations with more severe viral respiratory illnesses and the risk of virus-induced exacerbations during the peak fall season. METHODS The associations between genetic variation at 326 SNPs in 63 candidate genes and 10 phenotypes related to viral respiratory infection and asthma control were examined in 226 children enrolled in the RhinoGen study. Replication of asthma control phenotypes was performed in 2128 children in the Copenhagen Prospective Study on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC). Significant associations in RhinoGen were further validated using virus-induced wheezing illness and asthma phenotypes in an independent sample of 122 children enrolled in the Childhood Origins of Asthma (COAST) birth cohort study. RESULTS A significant excess of P values smaller than 0.05 was observed in the analysis of the 10 RhinoGen phenotypes. Polymorphisms in 12 genes were significantly associated with variation in the four phenotypes showing a significant enrichment of small P values. Six of those genes (STAT4, JAK2, MX1, VDR, DDX58, and EIF2AK2) also showed significant associations with asthma exacerbations in the COPSAC study or with asthma or virus-induced wheezing phenotypes in the COAST study. CONCLUSIONS We identified genetic factors contributing to individual differences in childhood viral respiratory illnesses and virus-induced exacerbations of asthma. Defining mechanisms of these associations may provide insight into the pathogenesis of viral respiratory infections and virus-induced exacerbations of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Loisel
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biology, Saint Michael's College, Colchester, VT, USA
| | - G Du
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T S Ahluwalia
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Ledreborg Allé 34, DK-2820, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - C J Tisler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M D Evans
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R A Myers
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R E Gangnon
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - E Kreiner-Møller
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Ledreborg Allé 34, DK-2820, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Ledreborg Allé 34, DK-2820, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Ledreborg Allé 34, DK-2820, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D J Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R F Lemanske
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D L Nicolae
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - C Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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12
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Wang JH, Zhang L, Ma YW, Xiao J, Zhang Y, Liu M, Tang H. microRNA-34a-Upregulated Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene-I Promotes Apoptosis and Delays Cell Cycle Transition in Cervical Cancer Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:267-79. [PMID: 26910120 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.3130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) in viral replication is well documented, but its function in carcinogenesis and malignancies as well as relationship with microRNAs (miRNAs) remain poorly understood. miR-34a is an antioncogene in multiple tumors. In our study, RIG-I and miR-34a suppressed cell growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion in cervical cancer cells in vitro. miR-34a was validated as a new regulator of RIG-I by binding to its 3' untranslated region and upregulating its expression level. Furthermore, we revealed that RIG-I and miR-34a enhanced apoptosis, delayed the G1/S/G2 transition of the cell cycle, and inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process to modulate malignancies in cervical cancer cells. Phenotypic rescue experiments indicated that RIG-I mediates the effects of miR-34a in HeLa and C33A cells. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms that underlie carcinogenesis and may provide new biomarkers for the diagnosis and therapy of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Wang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Wei Ma
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Min Liu
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
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13
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Xing F, Matsumiya T, Hayakari R, Yoshida H, Kawaguchi S, Takahashi I, Nakaji S, Imaizumi T. Alteration of Antiviral Signalling by Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of Mitochondrial Antiviral Signalling Protein (MAVS). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151173. [PMID: 26954674 PMCID: PMC4783065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation is associated with diseases. As a type of genetic variation occurring with certain regularity and frequency, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is attracting more and more attention because of its great value for research and real-life application. Mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein (MAVS) acts as a common adaptor molecule for retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), which can recognize foreign RNA, including viral RNA, leading to the induction of type I interferons (IFNs). Therefore, MAVS is thought to be a crucial molecule in antiviral innate immunity. We speculated that genetic variation of MAVS may result in susceptibility to infectious diseases. To assess the risk of viral infection based on MAVS variation, we tested the effects of twelve non-synonymous MAVS coding-region SNPs from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database that result in amino acid substitutions. We found that five of these SNPs exhibited functional alterations. Additionally, four resulted in an inhibitory immune response, and one had the opposite effect. In total, 1,032 human genomic samples obtained from a mass examination were genotyped at these five SNPs. However, no homozygous or heterozygous variation was detected. We hypothesized that these five SNPs are not present in the Japanese population and that such MAVS variations may result in serious immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xing
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomoh Matsumiya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ryo Hayakari
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hidemi Yoshida
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ippei Takahashi
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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14
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Jaeger M, Stappers MHT, Joosten LAB, Gyssens IC, Netea MG. Genetic variation in pattern recognition receptors: functional consequences and susceptibility to infectious disease. Future Microbiol 2016; 10:989-1008. [PMID: 26059622 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells of the innate immune system are equipped with surface and cytoplasmic receptors for microorganisms called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs recognize specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns and as such are crucial for the activation of the immune system. Currently, five different classes of PRRs have been described: Toll-like receptors, C-type lectin receptors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors and absent in melanoma 2-like receptors. Following their discovery, many sequence variants in PRR genes have been uncovered and shown to be implicated in human infectious diseases. In this review, we will discuss the effect of genetic variation in PRRs and their signaling pathways on susceptibility to infectious diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark H T Stappers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Medicine, Research group of Immunology & Biochemistry, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge C Gyssens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Medicine, Research group of Immunology & Biochemistry, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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15
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Shelburne SA, Ajami NJ, Chibucos MC, Beird HC, Tarrand J, Galloway-Peña J, Albert N, Chemaly RF, Ghantoji SS, Marsh L, Pemmaraju N, Andreeff M, Shpall EJ, Wargo JA, Rezvani K, Alousi A, Bruno VM, Futreal PA, Petrosino JF, Kontoyiannis DP. Implementation of a Pan-Genomic Approach to Investigate Holobiont-Infecting Microbe Interaction: A Case Report of a Leukemic Patient with Invasive Mucormycosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139851. [PMID: 26556047 PMCID: PMC4640583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease can be conceptualized as the result of interactions between infecting microbe and holobiont, the combination of a host and its microbial communities. It is likely that genomic variation in the host, infecting microbe, and commensal microbiota are key determinants of infectious disease clinical outcomes. However, until recently, simultaneous, multiomic investigation of infecting microbe and holobiont components has rarely been explored. Herein, we characterized the infecting microbe, host, micro- and mycobiomes leading up to infection onset in a leukemia patient that developed invasive mucormycosis. We discovered that the patient was infected with a strain of the recently described Mucor velutinosus species which we determined was hypervirulent in a Drosophila challenge model and has a predisposition for skin dissemination. After completing the infecting M. velutinosus genome and genomes from four other Mucor species, comparative pathogenomics was performed and assisted in identifying 66 M. velutinosus-specific putatively secreted proteins, including multiple novel secreted aspartyl proteinases which may contribute to the unique clinical presentation of skin dissemination. Whole exome sequencing of the patient revealed multiple non-synonymous polymorphisms in genes critical to control of fungal proliferation, such as TLR6 and PTX3. Moreover, the patient had a non-synonymous polymorphism in the NOD2 gene and a missense mutation in FUT2, which have been linked to microbial dysbiosis and microbiome diversity maintenance during physiologic stress, respectively. In concert with host genetic polymorphism data, the micro- and mycobiome analyses revealed that the infection developed amid a dysbiotic microbiome with low α-diversity, dominated by staphylococci. Additionally, longitudinal mycobiome data showed that M. velutinosus DNA was detectable in oral samples preceding disease onset. Our genome-level study of the host-infecting microbe-commensal triad extends the concept of personalized genomic medicine to the holobiont-infecting microbe interface thereby offering novel opportunities for using synergistic genetic methods to increase understanding of infectious diseases pathogenesis and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Shelburne
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nadim J. Ajami
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research and the Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marcus C. Chibucos
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hannah C. Beird
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Tarrand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jessica Galloway-Peña
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nathan Albert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roy F. Chemaly
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shashank S. Ghantoji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lisa Marsh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth J. Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Wargo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amin Alousi
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vincent M. Bruno
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research and the Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Phillip A. Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joseph F. Petrosino
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research and the Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Bryant CE, Orr S, Ferguson B, Symmons MF, Boyle JP, Monie TP. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCVI. Pattern recognition receptors in health and disease. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:462-504. [PMID: 25829385 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of Toll, in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, as the first described pattern recognition receptor (PRR) in 1996, many families of these receptors have been discovered and characterized. PRRs play critically important roles in pathogen recognition to initiate innate immune responses that ultimately link to the generation of adaptive immunity. Activation of PRRs leads to the induction of immune and inflammatory genes, including proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. It is increasingly clear that many PRRs are linked to a range of inflammatory, infectious, immune, and chronic degenerative diseases. Several drugs to modulate PRR activity are already in clinical trials and many more are likely to appear in the near future. Here, we review the different families of mammalian PRRs, the ligands they recognize, the mechanisms of activation, their role in disease, and the potential of targeting these proteins to develop the anti-inflammatory therapeutics of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Bryant
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine (C.E.B., J.P.B., T.P.M.), Pathology (B.F.), and Biochemistry (M.F.S., J.P.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (S.O.)
| | - Selinda Orr
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine (C.E.B., J.P.B., T.P.M.), Pathology (B.F.), and Biochemistry (M.F.S., J.P.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (S.O.)
| | - Brian Ferguson
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine (C.E.B., J.P.B., T.P.M.), Pathology (B.F.), and Biochemistry (M.F.S., J.P.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (S.O.)
| | - Martyn F Symmons
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine (C.E.B., J.P.B., T.P.M.), Pathology (B.F.), and Biochemistry (M.F.S., J.P.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (S.O.)
| | - Joseph P Boyle
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine (C.E.B., J.P.B., T.P.M.), Pathology (B.F.), and Biochemistry (M.F.S., J.P.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (S.O.)
| | - Tom P Monie
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine (C.E.B., J.P.B., T.P.M.), Pathology (B.F.), and Biochemistry (M.F.S., J.P.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (S.O.)
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17
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Alagarasu K, Memane RS, Shah PS. Polymorphisms in the retinoic acid-1 like-receptor family of genes and their association with clinical outcome of dengue virus infection. Arch Virol 2015; 160:1555-60. [PMID: 25850761 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2417-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the DDX58 and IFIH1 genes, which code for the retinoic acid inducible gene-1 protein and myeloid differentiation factor (MDA) 5, were investigated in 120 dengue (DEN) cases (88 dengue fever [DF] cases and 32 dengue hemorrhagic fever [DHF] cases) and 109 healthy controls (HCs) to investigate their association with dengue. The results revealed a lower carrier frequency of the DDX58 rs3205166 G allele in DEN than in HCs and a higher frequency of the DDX58 rs669260 T/C genotype in DHF than in DF cases (P = 0.043, OR with 95 % CI 3.358 [1.038-10.861]). This suggests that polymorphisms in DDX58 gene influence the clinical outcome of DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Alagarasu
- Dengue Group, National Institute of Virology (Indian Council of Medical Research), 20A, Dr Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, India,
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18
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Kobak L, Raftery MJ, Voigt S, Kühl AA, Kilic E, Kurth A, Witkowski P, Hofmann J, Nitsche A, Schaade L, Krüger DH, Schönrich G. Hantavirus-induced pathogenesis in mice with a humanized immune system. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:1258-1263. [PMID: 25678530 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses are emerging zoonotic pathogens that can cause severe disease in humans. Clinical observations suggest that human immune components contribute to hantavirus-induced pathology. To address this issue we generated mice with a humanized immune system. Hantavirus infection of these animals resulted in systemic infection associated with weight loss, decreased activity, ruffled fur and inflammatory infiltrates of lung tissue. Intriguingly, after infection, humanized mice harbouring human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I-restricted human CD8+ T cells started to lose weight earlier (day 10) than HLA class I-negative humanized mice (day 15). Moreover, in these mice the number of human platelets dropped by 77 % whereas the number of murine platelets did not change, illustrating how differences between rodent and human haemato-lymphoid systems may contribute to disease development. To our knowledge this is the first description of a humanized mouse model of hantavirus infection, and our results indicate a role for human immune cells in hantaviral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Kobak
- Institute of Medical Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin J Raftery
- Institute of Medical Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Voigt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Viral Infections, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- Department of Medicine I for Gastroenterology, Infectious Disease and Rheumatology/RCIS, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ergin Kilic
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Kurth
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Witkowski
- Institute of Medical Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Division of Virology, Labor Berlin Charité-Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Schaade
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Detlev H Krüger
- Institute of Medical Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Günther Schönrich
- Institute of Medical Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Enevold C, Kjær L, Nielsen CH, Voss A, Jacobsen RS, Hermansen MLF, Redder L, Oturai AB, Jensen PE, Bendtzen K, Jacobsen S. Genetic polymorphisms of dsRNA ligating pattern recognition receptors TLR3, MDA5, and RIG-I. Association with systemic lupus erythematosus and clinical phenotypes. Rheumatol Int 2014; 34:1401-8. [PMID: 24719229 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-014-3012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate possible associations between genetic polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor 3, interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1) and DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58 and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including the phenotypes lupus nephritis and malar rash, as well as the presence of autoantibodies against nucleic acid-containing complexes. Genotyping was carried out in two Danish cohorts [Copenhagen (CPH) and Odense (ODE)] totaling 344 patients and was compared with 641 previously genotyped healthy controls. In the ODE cohort, the patients were only genotyped for the rs1990760 polymorphism of IFIH1. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined by a multiplex bead-based assay (CPH cohort) or real-time PCR (ODE cohort). Associations were investigated using the Cochran-Armitage trend test. The odds ratio (OR) for minor allele homozygotes versus major allele homozygotes suggested a protective effect of the IFIH1 rs1990760 SNP for SLE in the ODE cohort [OR 0.52, 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) 0.31-0.88, Pcorr. = 0.05] but not in the CPH cohort, although the OR suggested a trend in the same direction, and when combining the two patient cohorts, ORs were 0.57, 95 % CI 0.37-0.88. None of the other investigated polymorphisms showed any association with SLE. Regarding phenotypes, we found a statistically significant association between rs1990760 and malar rash in the CPH cohort, with ORs suggesting a protective effect (OR 0.28, 95 % CI 0.13-0.62 for heterozygotes and OR 0.11, 95 % CI 0.03-0.41 for homozygotes, Pcorr. = 0.0001). There were no significant associations between rs1990760 and presence of anti-dsDNA, anti-U1RNP, or anti-Smith antibodies. Our study supports previous findings of an association between the rs1990760 polymorphism of IFIH1 and SLE and indicates that this SNP may also be associated with malar rash in SLE patients although this finding needs confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Enevold
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Institute for Inflammation Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,
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20
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Marr N, Hirschfeld AF, Lam A, Wang S, Lavoie PM, Turvey SE. Assessment of genetic associations between common single nucleotide polymorphisms in RIG-I-like receptor and IL-4 signaling genes and severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in children: a candidate gene case-control study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100269. [PMID: 24949794 PMCID: PMC4064989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of cases of severe pediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection occur in otherwise healthy infants who have no identifiable risk factors, suggesting that additional subclinical factors, such as population genetic variation, influence the course of RSV infection. The objective of this study was to test if common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding for immune signalling components of the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) and IL-4-signalling pathways affect the outcome of RSV infection in early life. We genotyped 8 SNPs using allele-specific probes combined with real-time PCR. Each of the SNPs tested had previously been established to have a functional impact on immune responsiveness and two of the SNPs in the IL4 and IL4R genes had previously been associated with severe RSV bronchiolitis. Association with susceptibility to severe RSV infection was tested by statistically comparing genotype and allele frequencies in infants and young children hospitalized with severe RSV bronchiolitis (n = 140) with two control groups-children who tested positive for RSV but did not require hospitalization (n = 100), and a general population control group (n = 285). Our study was designed with sufficient power (>80%) to detect clinically-relevant associations with effect sizes ≥1.5. However, we detected no statistically significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies of the investigated SNPs between the inpatient and control groups. To conclude, we could not replicate the previously reported association with SNPs in the IL4 and IL4R genes in our independent cohort, nor did we find that common SNPs in genes encoding for RLRs and the downstream adapter MAVS were associated with susceptibility to severe RSV infections. Despite the existing evidence demonstrating a functional immunological impact of these SNPs, our data suggest that the biological effect of each individual SNP is unlikely to affect clinical outcomes of RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Marr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aaron F. Hirschfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angie Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shirley Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pascal M. Lavoie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stuart E. Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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21
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Pang L, Gong X, Liu N, Xie G, Gao W, Kong G, Li X, Zhang J, Jin Y, Duan Z. A polymorphism in melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 may be a risk factor for enterovirus 71 infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:O711-7. [PMID: 24621100 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection has a wide variety of clinical manifestations, from no symptoms to fatal disease. Host immune response may be a determinant of disease severity. We investigated the association of polymorphisms in three pattern recognition receptor (PRR) genes-toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) (rs3775291), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) (rs10813831) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) (rs1990760)-with the severity of EV71 infection. Polymorphisms of candidate genes in 87 EV71-infected patients and 57 asymptomatic controls were detected. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed statistically significant differences in polymorphism of MDA5 (rs1990760) between patients with severe EV71 infection and asymptomatic controls in an additive model (OR 0.424, 95% CI 0.213-0.845, p 0.015) and a dominant model (OR 0.256, 95% CI 0.103-0.635, p 0.003). Polymorphism of MDA5 (rs1990760) (OR 0.399, 95% CI 0.199-0.798, p 0.009) was found to be associated with the severity of EV71 infection with the analysis of ordinal logistic regression. These results indicated the association between MDA5 (rs1990760) polymorphism and an increased risk of a severe EV71 infection in Chinese children, which offers potential for investigating the innate immune mechanism of EV71 infection and identifying at-risk infants, for whom a preventive strategy may reduce the severity of EV71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, China; Ji'nan Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Ji'nan, China
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22
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RIG-I-Like Receptors Evolved Adaptively in Mammals, with Parallel Evolution at LGP2 and RIG-I. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:1351-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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23
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Pothlichet J, Quintana-Murci L. The genetics of innate immunity sensors and human disease. Int Rev Immunol 2013; 32:157-208. [PMID: 23570315 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2013.777064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery, innate immunity microbial sensors have been increasingly studied and shown to play a critical role in innate responses to microbes in several experimental in vitro, ex vivo, and animal models. However, their role in the human response to infection in natural conditions has just started to be deciphered, by means of clinical studies of primary immunodeficiencies and epidemiological genetic studies. Here, we summarize the major findings concerning the genetic diversity of the various families of microbial sensors in humans, and of other molecules involved in the signaling pathways they trigger. Specifically, we review the genetic associations, revealed by both clinical and epidemiological genetics studies, of microbial sensors from five different families: Toll-like receptors, C-type lectin receptors, NOD-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors. In particular, we consider the relationships between variation at the genes encoding these molecules and susceptibility to and the severity of infectious diseases and other clinical conditions associated with immune dysfunction, including autoimmunity, inflammation, allergy, and cancer. Despite the fact that the genetic links between innate immunity sensors and human disorders remain still limited, human genetics studies are increasingly improving our understanding of the genuine functions of microbial sensors and downstream signaling molecules in the natural setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pothlichet
- Institut Pasteur, Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Paris, France
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Hu J, Peter I. Evidence of expression variation and allelic imbalance in Crohn's disease susceptibility genes NOD2 and ATG16L1 in human dendritic cells. Gene 2013; 527:496-502. [PMID: 23850724 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in induction and progression of Crohn's disease (CD). Accumulating evidence suggests that viral infection is required to trigger CD pathogenesis in genetically predisposed individuals. NOD2 and ATG16L1 are among the major CD susceptibility genes implicated in impaired immune response to bacterial infection. In this study, we investigated gene expression and allelic imbalance (AI) of NOD2 and ATG16L1 using common variants in human monocyte-derived DCs. Significant AI was observed in ~40% and ~70% of NOD2 and ATG16L1 heterozygotes, respectively (p<0.05). AI of NOD2 was inversely associated with its expression level (p=0.015). No correlation was detected between gene expression and AI for ATG16L1. When infected with Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), NOD2 expression in DCs was induced about four-fold (p<0.001), whereas ATG16L1 expression was not affected (p=0.88). In addition, NDV infection tended to lower the variance in AI among DC populations for the NOD2 gene (p=0.05), but not the ATG16L1 gene (p=0.32). Findings of a simulation study, aimed to verify whether the observed variation in gene expression and AI is a result of sample-to-sample variability or experimental measurement error, suggested that NOD2 AI is likely to result from a deterministic event at a single cell level. Overall, our results present initial evidence that AI of the NOD2 and ATG16L1 genes exists in populations of human DCs. In addition, our findings suggest that viral infection may regulate NOD2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, USA.
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Genetic polymorphisms in host innate immune sensor genes and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in North Africa. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2013; 3:971-7. [PMID: 23576520 PMCID: PMC3689808 DOI: 10.1534/g3.112.005371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy in most parts of the world. It is an Epstein-Barr virus−associated malignancy with an unusual racial and geographical distribution. The host innate immune sensor genes play an important role in infection recognition and immune response against viruses. Therefore, we examined the association between polymorphisms in genes within a group of pattern recognition receptors (including families of Toll-like receptors, C-type lectin receptors, and retinoic acid−inducible gene I−like receptors) and NPC susceptibility. Twenty-six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in five pattern-recognition genes were genotyped in 492 North African NPC cases and 373 frequency-matched controls. TLR3_rs3775291 was the most significantly associated SNP (odds ratio [OR] 1.49; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.11−2.00; P = 0.008; dominant model). The analysis showed also that CD209_rs7248637 (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.52−0.93; P = 0.02; dominant model) and DDX58_rs56309110 (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.51−0.98; P = 0.04) were associated with the risk of NPC. An 18% increased risk per allele was observed for the five most significantly associated SNPs, TLR3_rs3775291, CD209_rs7248637, DDX58_rs56309110, CD209_rs4804800, and MBL2_rs10824792, (ptrend = 8.2 × 10−4). Our results suggest that genetic variation in pattern-recognition genes is associated with the risk of NPC. These preliminary findings require replication in larger studies.
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Biggins SW, Trotter J, Gralla J, Burton JR, Bambha KM, Dodge J, Brocato M, Cheng L, McQueen M, Forman L, Chang M, Kam I, Everson G, Spritz RA, Klintmalm G, Rosen HR. Differential effects of donor and recipient IL28B and DDX58 SNPs on severity of HCV after liver transplantation. J Hepatol 2013; 58:969-76. [PMID: 23333445 PMCID: PMC3878646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS IL28B single nucleotide polymorphisms are strongly associated with spontaneous HCV clearance and treatment response in non-transplant populations. A DDX58 single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with the antiviral response of innate lymphocytes. We aimed at evaluating the associations of donor and recipient IL28B (rs12979860 and rs8099917) and DDX58 (rs10813831) genotypes with severity of HCV recurrence after liver transplantation. METHODS In a case-control study of 523 liver transplantation recipients with HCV, we matched severe with mild recurrent HCV based on 2-year clinical and histologic follow-up. A total of 440 liver transplantation recipients (severe, n=235; mild, n=205) with recipient DNA and 225 (severe, n=123; mild, n=102) with both recipient and donor DNA were analyzed. RESULTS IL28B [rs12979860, non-CC (vs. CC) and rs8099917, non-TT (vs. TT)] in the recipient-only analysis had higher risk of severe recurrent HCV [OR 1.57 and 1.58, p<0.05]. However, for the 225 with donor and recipient DNA, IL28B rs12979860 CC (vs. non-CC) and rs8099917 TT (vs. non-TT) and DDX58 rs10813831 non-GG (vs. GG) were associated with more (not less) severe recurrent HCV. The greatest risk of severe recurrent HCV was for rs12979860 CC donors in non-CC recipients (OR 7.02, p <0.001, vs. non-CC donor/recipient) and for rs8099917 TT donors in non-TT recipients (OR 5.78, p=0.001, vs. non-TT donor/recipient). These associations persisted after controlling for donor age, donor race, and donor risk index. CONCLUSIONS IL28B and DDX58 single nucleotide polymorphisms that are favorable when present in the non-transplant setting or in the recipient are unfavorable when present in a donor liver graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W Biggins
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
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Stone AEL, Giugliano S, Schnell G, Cheng L, Leahy KF, Golden-Mason L, Gale M, Rosen HR. Hepatitis C virus pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggers production of lambda-interferons by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003316. [PMID: 23637605 PMCID: PMC3630164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (pDCs) represent a key immune cell in the defense against viruses. Through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), these cells detect viral pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiate an Interferon (IFN) response. pDCs produce the antiviral IFNs including the well-studied Type I and the more recently described Type III. Recent genome wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated Type III IFNs in HCV clearance. We examined the IFN response induced in a pDC cell line and ex vivo human pDCs by a region of the HCV genome referred to as the HCV PAMP. This RNA has been shown previously to be immunogenic in hepatocytes, whereas the conserved X-region RNA is not. We show that in response to the HCV PAMP, pDC-GEN2.2 cells upregulate and secrete Type III (in addition to Type I) IFNs and upregulate PRR genes and proteins. We also demonstrate that the recognition of this RNA is dependent on RIG-I-like Receptors (RLRs) and Toll-like Receptors (TLRs), challenging the dogma that RLRs are dispensable in pDCs. The IFNs produced by these cells in response to the HCV PAMP also control HCV replication in vitro. These data are recapitulated in ex vivo pDCs isolated from healthy donors. Together, our data shows that pDCs respond robustly to HCV RNA to make Type III Interferons that control viral replication. This may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. L. Stone
- Integrated Department in Immunology: University of Colorado Denver and National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatitis C Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Silvia Giugliano
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatitis C Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Gretja Schnell
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Linling Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatitis C Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Katelyn F. Leahy
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatitis C Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lucy Golden-Mason
- Integrated Department in Immunology: University of Colorado Denver and National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatitis C Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hugo R. Rosen
- Integrated Department in Immunology: University of Colorado Denver and National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatitis C Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Denver Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
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Wan Q, Su J, Chen X, Yang C, Chen L, Yan N, Zhang Y. Genomic sequence comparison, promoter activity, SNP detection of RIG-I gene and association with resistance/susceptibility to grass carp reovirus in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 39:333-342. [PMID: 23276879 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As an intracellular pattern recognition receptor (PRR), retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) is responsible for detection of nucleic acids from pathogens in infected cells and activation of type I interferon (IFN). In the present study, the 5'-flanking region, introns and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CiRIG-I (Ctenopharyngodon idella RIG-I) were identified and characterized. The genomic CiRIG-I was 12810 bp in length, consisted of an 1864 bp 5'-flank region whose promoter activity was confirmed, 15 exons and 14 introns. By pooled DNA sequencing, two SNPs were detected in the 5'-flanking region; 10 SNPs were discovered in introns; and one SNP was found in exons. After a challenge experiment, these SNPs were selected to analyze their association with the resistance/susceptibility of C. idella to grass carp reovirus (GCRV), using case-control study. Chi-square test was employed to assess the association. The result showed that -780 C/T, 4731 C/T, 4945 A/G, 8461 C/T, and haplotype 3428A-3432G were significantly associated with the phenotype (P<0.05). To confirm the correlation, another independent challenge experiment was performed, in which the cumulative mortality of -780 genotype CC, 4731 genotype CC and 4945 genotype AA were significantly lower than that of -780 genotype TT, 4731 genotype TT and 4945 genotype GG, respectively (P<0.05). In addition, the SNP-SNP interaction analysis revealed that there was no significant interaction among those SNPs (P>0.05). These significant SNPs and the haplotype might be potential genetic markers for the molecular selection of C. idella strains that are resistant to GCRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanyuan Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Wan Q, Su J, Wang L, Peng L, Chen L. Correlation between grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) resistance to grass carp reovirus and the genetic insert-deletion polymorphisms in promoter and intron of RIG-I gene. Gene 2013; 516:320-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Wan Q, Su J, Wang L, Chen L, Chen X. A 15 nucleotide deletion mutation in coding region of the RIG-I lowers grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) resistance to grass carp reovirus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:442-447. [PMID: 22626563 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RIG-I (Retinoic acid-inducible gene I) is a pivotal receptor that detects numerous RNA and DNA viruses and plays crucial roles in the induction of type I interferons. In the present study, a deletion mutation in CiRIG-I (Ctenopharyngodon idella RIG-I) coding region was detected, its association with resistance/susceptibility to grass carp reovirus (GCRV) was examined, and possible mechanism was analyzed. A 15-bp deletion mutation was found, and the mutation results in a deletion of five amino acids. To investigate the genotypes and alleles, the relevant PCR products were electrophoresed on 2.5% agarose gel. Three genotypes and two alleles were discovered. The general allele was named as A and the deletion mutation allele was named as B. The deletion mutation cancels a predicted phosphorylation site and changes the secondary structure and the probability of peroxisomal targeting signal 1 in CiRIG-I. To explore the correlation between these genotypes and the resistance of grass carp to GCRV, a challenge experiment was carried out. The cumulative mortality in genotype AA (40.70%) and AB (52.73%) was significantly lower than that in genotype BB (71.43%) (P = 0.032). The result demonstrated that genotype AA and AB were resistant to GCRV, while genotype BB was susceptible. The 15-bp deletion mutation lowers the resistance of grass carp to GCRV. This result might provide a potential genetic marker for further investigation of selective breeding of resistant grass carp to GCRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanyuan Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, China
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Chen L, Su J, Yang C, Peng L, Wan Q, Wang L. Functional characterizations of RIG-I to GCRV and viral/bacterial PAMPs in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42182. [PMID: 22860079 PMCID: PMC3409128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background RIG-I (retinoic acid inducible gene-I) is one of the key cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) for detecting nucleotide pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and mediating the induction of type I interferon and inflammatory cytokines in innate immune response. Though the mechanism is well characterized in mammals, the study of the accurate function of RIG-I in teleosts is still in its infancy. Methodology/Principal Findings To clarify the functional characterizations of RIG-I in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (CiRIG-I), six representative overexpression plasmids were constructed and transfected into C. idella kidney (CIK) cell lines to obtain stably expressing recombinant proteins, respectively. A virus titer test and 96-well plate staining assay showed that all constructs exhibited the antiviral activity somewhat. The quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) demonstrated that mRNA expressions of CiIPS-1, CiIFN-I and CiMx2 were regulated by not only virus (GCRV) or viral PAMP (poly(IC)) challenge but also bacterial PAMPs (LPS and PGN) stimulation in the steadily transfected cells. The results showed that the full-length CiRIG-I played a key role in RLR pathway. The repressor domain (RD) exerted an inhibitory function of the signaling channel under all utilized challenges. Caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARDs) showed a positive role in GCRV and poly(I:C) challenge. Helicase motifs were crucial for the signaling pathway upon LPS and PGN stimulation. Interestingly, ΔCARDs (CARDs deleted) showed postive modulation in RIG-I signal transduction. Conclusions/Significance The results provided some novel insights into RIG-I sensing with a strikingly broad regulation in teleosts, responding not only to the dsRNA virus or synthetic dsRNA but also bacterial PAMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Limin Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanyuan Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
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Kutikhin AG, Yuzhalin AE. C-type lectin receptors and RIG-I-like receptors: new points on the oncogenomics map. Cancer Manag Res 2012; 4:39-53. [PMID: 22427730 PMCID: PMC3304337 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s28983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The group of pattern recognition receptors includes families of Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, C-type lectin receptors, and RIG-I-like receptors. They are key sensors for a number of infectious agents, some of which are oncogenic, and they launch an immune response against them, normally promoting their eradication. Inherited variations in genes encoding these receptors and proteins and their signaling pathways may affect their function, possibly modulating cancer risk and features of cancer progression. There are numerous studies investigating the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms within or near genes encoding Toll-like receptors and NOD-like receptors, cancer risk, and features of cancer progression. However, there is an almost total absence of articles analyzing the correlation between polymorphisms of genes encoding C-type lectin receptors and RIG-I-like receptors and cancer risk or progression. Nevertheless, there is some evidence supporting the hypothesis that inherited C-type lectin receptor and RIG-I-like receptor variants can be associated with increased cancer risk. Certain C-type lectin receptors and RIG-I-like receptors recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns of potentially oncogenic infectious agents, and certain polymorphisms of genes encoding C-type lectin receptors and RIG-I-like receptors may have functional consequences at the molecular level that can lead to association of such single nucleotide polymorphisms with risk or progression of some diseases that may modulate cancer risk, so these gene polymorphisms may affect cancer risk indirectly. Polymorphisms of genes encoding C-type lectin receptors and RIG-I-like receptors thereby may be correlated with a risk of lung, oral, esophageal, gastric, colorectal, and liver cancer, as well as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, glioblastoma, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. The list of the most promising polymorphisms for oncogenomic investigations may include rs1926736, rs2478577, rs2437257, rs691005, rs2287886, rs735239, rs4804803, rs16910526, rs36055726, rs11795404, and rs10813831.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton G Kutikhin
- Department of Epidemiology, Kemerovo State Medical Academy, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
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Kennedy RB, Ovsyannikova IG, Haralambieva IH, O'Byrne MM, Jacobson RM, Pankratz VS, Poland GA. Multigenic control of measles vaccine immunity mediated by polymorphisms in measles receptor, innate pathway, and cytokine genes. Vaccine 2012; 30:2159-67. [PMID: 22265947 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Measles infection and vaccine response are complex biological processes that involve both viral and host genetic factors. We have previously investigated the influence of genetic polymorphisms on vaccine immune response, including measles vaccines, and have shown that polymorphisms in HLA, cytokine, cytokine receptor, and innate immune response genes are associated with variation in vaccine response but do not account for all of the inter-individual variance seen in vaccinated populations. In the current study we report the findings of a multigenic analysis of measles vaccine immunity, indicating a role for the measles virus receptor CD46, innate pattern-recognition receptors (DDX58, TLR2, 4, 5, 7 and 8) and intracellular signaling intermediates (MAP3K7, NFKBIA), and key antiviral molecules (VISA, OAS2, MX1, PKR) as well as cytokines (IFNA1, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL12B) and cytokine receptor genes (IL2RB, IL6R, IL8RA) in the genetic control of both humoral and cellular immune responses. This multivariate approach provided additional insights into the genetic control of measles vaccine responses over and above the information gained by our previous univariate SNP association analyses.
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Oshiumi H, Matsumoto M, Seya T. Ubiquitin-mediated modulation of the cytoplasmic viral RNA sensor RIG-I. J Biochem 2012; 151:5-11. [PMID: 21890623 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvr111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RIG-I-like receptors, including RIG-I, MDA5 and LGP2, recognize cytoplasmic viral RNA. The RIG-I protein consists of N-terminal CARDs, central RNA helicase and C-terminal domains. RIG-I activation is regulated by ubiquitination. Three ubiquitin ligases target the RIG-I protein. TRIM25 and Riplet ubiquitin ligases are positive regulators of RIG-I and deliver the K63-linked polyubiquitin moiety to RIG-I CARDs and the C-terminal domain. RNF125, another ubiquitin ligase, is a negative regulator of RIG-I and mediates K48-linked polyubiquitination of RIG-I, leading to the degradation of the RIG-I protein by proteasomes. The K63-linked polyubiquitin chains of RIG-I are removed by a deubiquitin enzyme, CYLD. Thus, CYLD is a negative regulator of RIG-I. Furthermore, TRIM25 itself is regulated by ubiquitination. HOIP and HOIL proteins are ubiquitin ligases and are also known as linear ubiquitin assembly complexes (LUBACs). The TRIM25 protein is ubiquitinated by LUBAC and then degraded by proteasomes. The splice variant of RIG-I encodes a protein that lacks the first CARD of RIG-I, and the variant RIG-I protein is not ubiquitinated by TRIM25. Therefore, ubiquitin is the key regulator of the cytoplasmic viral RNA sensor RIG-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Oshiumi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
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Vasseur E, Patin E, Laval G, Pajon S, Fornarino S, Crouau-Roy B, Quintana-Murci L. The selective footprints of viral pressures at the human RIG-I-like receptor family. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:4462-74. [PMID: 21865300 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs)--RIG-I, IFIH1 (or MDA5) and LGP2--are thought to be key actors in the innate immune system, as they play a major role in sensing RNA viruses in the cytosol of host cells. Despite the increasingly recognized importance of the RLR family in antiviral immunity, no population genetic studies have yet attempted to compare the evolutionary history of its different members in humans. Here, we characterized the levels of naturally occurring genetic variation in the RLRs in a panel of individuals of different ethnic origins, to assess to what extent natural selection has acted on this family of microbial sensors. Our results show that amino acid-altering variation at RIG-I, particularly in the helicase domain, has been under stronger evolutionary constraint than that at IFIH1 and LGP2, reflecting an important role for RIG-I in sensing numerous RNA viruses and/or functional constraints related to the binding of viral substrates. Such evolutionary constraints have been much more relaxed at IFIH1 and LGP2, which appear to have evolved adaptively in specific human populations. Notably, we identified several mutations showing signatures of positive selection, including two non-synonymous polymorphisms in IFIH1 (R460H and R843H) and one in LGP2 (Q425R), suggesting a selective advantage related to the sensing of RNA viruses by IFIH and to the regulatory functions of LGP2. In light of the fact that some of these mutations have been associated with altered risks of developing autoimmune disorders, our study provides an additional example of the evolutionary conflict between infection and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Vasseur
- Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, URA3012, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
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Haralambieva IH, Ovsyannikova IG, Umlauf BJ, Vierkant RA, Shane Pankratz V, Jacobson RM, Poland GA. Genetic polymorphisms in host antiviral genes: associations with humoral and cellular immunity to measles vaccine. Vaccine 2011; 29:8988-97. [PMID: 21939710 PMCID: PMC3941984 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Host antiviral genes are important regulators of antiviral immunity and plausible genetic determinants of immune response heterogeneity after vaccination. We genotyped and analyzed 307 common candidate tagSNPs from 12 antiviral genes in a cohort of 745 schoolchildren immunized with two doses of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Associations between SNPs/haplotypes and measles virus-specific immune outcomes were assessed using linear regression methodologies in Caucasians and African-Americans. Genetic variants within the DDX58/RIG-I gene, including a coding polymorphism (rs3205166/Val800Val), were associated as single-SNPs (p≤0.017; although these SNPs did not remain significant after correction for false discovery rate/FDR) and in haplotype-level analysis, with measles-specific antibody variations in Caucasians (haplotype allele p-value=0.021; haplotype global p-value=0.076). Four DDX58 polymorphisms, in high LD, demonstrated also associations (after correction for FDR) with variations in both measles-specific IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion in Caucasians (p≤0.001, q=0.193). Two intronic OAS1 polymorphisms, including the functional OAS1 SNP rs10774671 (p=0.003), demonstrated evidence of association with a significant allele-dose-related increase in neutralizing antibody levels in African-Americans. Genotype and haplotype-level associations demonstrated the role of ADAR genetic variants, including a non-synonymous SNP (rs2229857/Arg384Lys; p=0.01), in regulating measles virus-specific IFN-γ Elispot responses in Caucasians (haplotype global p-value=0.017). After correction for FDR, 15 single-SNP associations (11 SNPs in Caucasians and 4 SNPs in African-Americans) still remained significant at the q-value<0.20. In conclusion, our findings strongly point to genetic variants/genes, involved in antiviral sensing and antiviral control, as critical determinants, differentially modulating the adaptive immune responses to live attenuated measles vaccine in Caucasians and African-Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iana H. Haralambieva
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Inna G. Ovsyannikova
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Umlauf
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Robert A. Vierkant
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - V. Shane Pankratz
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Robert M. Jacobson
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gregory A. Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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37
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Gerlier D, Lyles DS. Interplay between innate immunity and negative-strand RNA viruses: towards a rational model. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2011; 75:468-90, second page of table of contents. [PMID: 21885681 PMCID: PMC3165544 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00007-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of a new class of cytosolic receptors recognizing viral RNA, called the RIG-like receptors (RLRs), has revolutionized our understanding of the interplay between viruses and host cells. A tremendous amount of work has been accumulating to decipher the RNA moieties required for an RLR agonist, the signal transduction pathway leading to activation of the innate immunity orchestrated by type I interferon (IFN), the cellular and viral regulators of this pathway, and the viral inhibitors of the innate immune response. Previous reviews have focused on the RLR signaling pathway and on the negative regulation of the interferon response by viral proteins. The focus of this review is to put this knowledge in the context of the virus replication cycle within a cell. Likewise, there has been an expansion of knowledge about the role of innate immunity in the pathophysiology of viral infection. As a consequence, some discrepancies have arisen between the current models of cell-intrinsic innate immunity and current knowledge of virus biology. This holds particularly true for the nonsegmented negative-strand viruses (Mononegavirales), which paradoxically have been largely used to build presently available models. The aim of this review is to bridge the gap between the virology and innate immunity to favor the rational building of a relevant model(s) describing the interplay between Mononegavirales and the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Gerlier
- INSERM U758, CERVI, 21 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France.
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38
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Systems biology of infectious diseases: a focus on fungal infections. Immunobiology 2011; 216:1212-27. [PMID: 21889228 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The study of infectious disease concerns the interaction between the host species and a pathogen organism. The analysis of such complex systems is improving with the evolution of high-throughput technologies and advanced computational resources. This article reviews integrative, systems-oriented approaches to understanding mechanisms underlying infection, immune response and inflammation to find biomarkers of disease and design new drugs. We focus on the systems biology process, especially the data gathering and analysis techniques rather than the experimental technologies or latest computational resources.
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39
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Abstract
The RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2 play a major role in pathogen sensing of RNA virus infection to initiate and modulate antiviral immunity. The RLRs detect viral RNA ligands or processed self RNA in the cytoplasm to trigger innate immunity and inflammation and to impart gene expression that serves to control infection. Importantly, RLRs cooperate in signaling crosstalk networks with Toll-like receptors and other factors to impart innate immunity and to modulate the adaptive immune response. RLR regulation occurs at a variety of levels ranging from autoregulation to ligand and cofactor interactions and posttranslational modifications. Abberant RLR signaling or dysregulation of RLR expression is now implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases. Understanding the processes of RLR signaling and response will provide insights to guide RLR-targeted therapeutics for antiviral and immune-modifying applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Ming Loo
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7650, USA
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40
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Yang C, Su J, Huang T, Zhang R, Peng L. Identification of a retinoic acid-inducible gene I from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and expression analysis in vivo and in vitro. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 30:936-943. [PMID: 21288492 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
RIG-I (retinoic acid inducible gene-I) is a key mediator of antiviral immunity, able to couple detection of infection by RNA and DNA viruses to the induction of interferons. In the present study, a RIG-I gene from grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (CiRIG-I) was isolated and characterized. The full-length cDNA of CiRIG-I was of 3198 bp and encoded a polypeptide of 947 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 108,730 Da and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.85, including six main overlapping structural domains: two CARDs (caspase activation and recruitment domain), one ResIII (conserved restriction domain of bacterial type III restriction enzyme), one DEXDc (DEAD/DEAH box helicase domain), one HELICc (helicase superfamily c-terminal domain) and one RD (regulatory domain). The CiRIG-I mRNA was widespread expression in the tested 15 tissues by semi-quantitative RT-PCR (sqRT-PCR) assay. The CiRIG-I expressions in spleen and liver were significantly induced following grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection. CiRIG-I mRNA expression was rapidly and significantly up-regulated in vitro after GCRV infection, and the CiRIG-I transcripts were also significantly enhanced in vitro post the synthetic double stranded RNA polyinosinic-polycytidylic potassium salt (poly(I:C)) stimulation. These results collectively suggested that CiRIG-I was an inducible protein, involved in the antiviral innate immune defense to GCRV in grass carp, and laid the foundation for the further mechanism research of RIG-I in fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Yang
- Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
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41
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Hu J, Nudelman G, Shimoni Y, Kumar M, Ding Y, López C, Hayot F, Wetmur JG, Sealfon SC. Role of cell-to-cell variability in activating a positive feedback antiviral response in human dendritic cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16614. [PMID: 21347441 PMCID: PMC3035661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the first few hours following Newcastle disease viral infection of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, the induction of IFNB1 is extremely low and the secreted type I interferon response is below the limits of ELISA assay. However, many interferon-induced genes are activated at this time, for example DDX58 (RIGI), which in response to viral RNA induces IFNB1. We investigated whether the early induction of IFNBI in only a small percentage of infected cells leads to low level IFN secretion that then induces IFN-responsive genes in all cells. We developed an agent-based mathematical model to explore the IFNBI and DDX58 temporal dynamics. Simulations showed that a small number of early responder cells provide a mechanism for efficient and controlled activation of the DDX58-IFNBI positive feedback loop. The model predicted distributions of single cell responses that were confirmed by single cell mRNA measurements. The results suggest that large cell-to-cell variation plays an important role in the early innate immune response, and that the variability is essential for the efficient activation of the IFNB1 based feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - German Nudelman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Translational Systems Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yishai Shimoni
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Translational Systems Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Madhu Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yaomei Ding
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Carolina López
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Fernand Hayot
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Translational Systems Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - James G. Wetmur
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Translational Systems Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Stuart C. Sealfon
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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42
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Duhen T, Herschke F, Azocar O, Druelle J, Plumet S, Delprat C, Schicklin S, Wild TF, Rabourdin-Combe C, Gerlier D, Valentin H. Cellular receptors, differentiation and endocytosis requirements are key factors for type I IFN response by human epithelial, conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic infected cells by measles virus. Virus Res 2010; 152:115-25. [PMID: 20600391 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
While the antiviral response during measles virus (MeV) infection is documented, the contribution of the hosting cell type to the type I interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) response is still not clearly established. Here, we report that a signature heterogeneity of the IFN-alpha/beta response according to the cell type. The MeV tropism dictated by the expression of appropriate cellular receptor appeared to be crucial for epithelial cells. For conventional DCs (cDCs), the maturation state played a prominent role. In response to both wild type MeV isolates and laboratory/vaccine strains, immature cDCs produced higher levels of IFN-alpha than mature cDCs, despite the reduced expression levels of both CD46 and CD150 receptors by the former ones. While in epithelial cells and cDCs the MeV transcription was required to activate the IFN-alpha/beta response, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) rapidly produced large amounts of IFN-alpha mostly independently of the viral infection cycle. This argues for a significant contribution of pDCs in response to MeV infection and/or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Duhen
- Université de Lyon, INSERM U851, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon, France
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43
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Ovsyannikova IG, Dhiman N, Haralambieva IH, Vierkant RA, O’Byrne MM, Jacobson RM, Poland GA. Rubella vaccine-induced cellular immunity: evidence of associations with polymorphisms in the Toll-like, vitamin A and D receptors, and innate immune response genes. Hum Genet 2010; 127:207-21. [PMID: 19902255 PMCID: PMC2809817 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like, vitamin A and D receptors and other innate proteins participate in various immune functions. We determined whether innate gene-sequence variations are associated with rubella vaccine-induced cytokine immune responses. We genotyped 714 healthy children (11-19 years of age) after two doses of rubella-containing vaccine for 148 candidate SNP markers. Rubella virus-induced cytokines were measured by ELISA. Twenty-two significant associations (range of P values 0.002-0.048) were found between SNPs in the vitamin A receptor family (RARA, RARB, TOP2B and RARG), vitamin D receptor and downstream mediator of vitamin D signaling (RXRA) genes and rubella virus-specific (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and GM-CSF) cytokine immune responses. A TLR3 gene promoter region SNP (rs5743305, -8441A > T) was associated with rubella-specific GM-CSF secretion. Importantly, SNPs in the TRIM5 gene coding regions, rs3740996 (His43Tyr) and rs10838525 (Gln136Arg), were associated with an allele dose-related secretion of rubella virus-specific TNF-alpha and IL-2/GM-CSF, respectively, and have been previously shown to have functional consequences regarding the antiviral activity and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. We identified associations between individual SNPs and haplotypes in, or involving, the RIG-I (DDX58) gene and rubella-specific TNF-alpha secretion. This is the first paper to present evidence that polymorphisms in the TLR, vitamin A, vitamin D receptor, and innate immunity genes can influence adaptive cytokine responses to rubella vaccination.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Antiviral Restriction Factors
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Child
- Cytokines/metabolism
- DEAD Box Protein 58
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Female
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/genetics
- Immunity, Cellular/immunology
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Male
- Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Receptors, Immunologic
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
- Retinoid X Receptor alpha/genetics
- Rubella Vaccine/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 3/genetics
- Tripartite Motif Proteins
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
- Young Adult
- Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna G. Ovsyannikova
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 1st Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Neelam Dhiman
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 1st Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Iana H. Haralambieva
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 1st Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Robert A. Vierkant
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Megan M. O’Byrne
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Robert M. Jacobson
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 1st Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gregory A. Poland
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 1st Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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