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Poto R, Gambardella AR, Marone G, Schroeder JT, Mattei F, Schiavoni G, Varricchi G. Basophils from allergy to cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1056838. [PMID: 36578500 PMCID: PMC9791102 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1056838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human basophils, first identified over 140 years ago, account for just 0.5-1% of circulating leukocytes. While this scarcity long hampered basophil studies, innovations during the past 30 years, beginning with their isolation and more recently in the development of mouse models, have markedly advanced our understanding of these cells. Although dissimilarities between human and mouse basophils persist, the overall findings highlight the growing importance of these cells in health and disease. Indeed, studies continue to support basophils as key participants in IgE-mediated reactions, where they infiltrate inflammatory lesions, release pro-inflammatory mediators (histamine, leukotriene C4: LTC4) and regulatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-13) central to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Studies now report basophils infiltrating various human cancers where they play diverse roles, either promoting or hampering tumorigenesis. Likewise, this activity bears remarkable similarity to the mounting evidence that basophils facilitate wound healing. In fact, both activities appear linked to the capacity of basophils to secrete IL-4/IL-13, with these cytokines polarizing macrophages toward the M2 phenotype. Basophils also secrete several angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor: VEGF-A, amphiregulin) consistent with these activities. In this review, we feature these newfound properties with the goal of unraveling the increasing importance of basophils in these diverse pathobiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy,World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
| | - Adriana Rosa Gambardella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - John T. Schroeder
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Gilda Varricchi, ; Giovanna Schiavoni,
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy,*Correspondence: Gilda Varricchi, ; Giovanna Schiavoni,
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Eicosanoid receptors as therapeutic targets for asthma. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1945-1980. [PMID: 34401905 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids comprise a group of oxidation products of arachidonic and 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acids formed by oxygenases and downstream enzymes. The two major pathways for eicosanoid formation are initiated by the actions of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), leading to leukotrienes (LTs) and 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE), and cyclooxygenase (COX), leading to prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxane (TX). A third group (specialized pro-resolving mediators; SPMs), including lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and resolvins (Rvs), are formed by the combined actions of different oxygenases. The actions of the above eicosanoids are mediated by approximately 20 G protein-coupled receptors, resulting in a variety of both detrimental and beneficial effects on airway smooth muscle and inflammatory cells that are strongly implicated in asthma pathophysiology. Drugs targeting proinflammatory eicosanoid receptors, including CysLT1, the receptor for LTD4 (montelukast) and TP, the receptor for TXA2 (seratrodast) are currently in use, whereas antagonists of a number of other receptors, including DP2 (PGD2), BLT1 (LTB4), and OXE (5-oxo-ETE) are under investigation. Agonists targeting anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving eicosanoid receptors such as EP2/4 (PGE2), IP (PGI2), ALX/FPR2 (LXA4), and Chemerin1 (RvE1/2) are also being examined. This review summarizes the contributions of eicosanoid receptors to the pathophysiology of asthma and the potential therapeutic benefits of drugs that target these receptors. Because of the multifactorial nature of asthma and the diverse pathways affected by eicosanoid receptors, it will be important to identify subgroups of asthmatics that are likely to respond to any given therapy.
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3
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Nakamura T. The roles of lipid mediators in type I hypersensitivity. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 147:126-131. [PMID: 34294363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I hypersensitivity is an immediate immune reaction that involves IgE-mediated activation of mast cells. Activated mast cells release chemical mediators, such as histamine and lipid mediators, which cause allergic reactions. Recent developments in detection devices have revealed that mast cells simultaneously release a wide variety of lipid mediators. Mounting evidence has revealed that mast cell-derived mediators exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions and positively and negatively regulate the development of allergic inflammation. This review presents the roles of major lipid mediators released from mast cells. Author believes this review will be helpful for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and provide a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Nakamura
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
Interactions between the nervous system and immune system are central regulators of chronic itch, a key feature of pathologies like atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) are eicosanoid lipids known for mediating inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and vascular leakage. We demonstrate here that CysLTs are potent itch inducers and that this effect depends on the specific coupling of LTC4 with its receptor CysLT2R, which is expressed in a population of peripheral sensory neurons in the mouse and in human. We show that the LTC4/CysLT2R pathway contributes to a model of chronic itch, suggesting that CysLT2R could be a new therapeutic target for intractable chronic itch. Acute and chronic itch are burdensome manifestations of skin pathologies including allergic skin diseases and atopic dermatitis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), comprising LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4, are produced by immune cells during type 2 inflammation. Here, we uncover a role for LTC4 and its signaling through the CysLT receptor 2 (CysLT2R) in itch. Cysltr2 transcript is highly expressed in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons linked to itch in mice. We also detected CYSLTR2 in a broad population of human DRG neurons. Injection of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) or its nonhydrolyzable form NMLTC4, but neither LTD4 nor LTE4, induced dose-dependent itch but not pain behaviors in mice. LTC4-mediated itch differed in bout duration and kinetics from pruritogens histamine, compound 48/80, and chloroquine. NMLTC4-induced itch was abrogated in mice deficient for Cysltr2 or when deficiency was restricted to radioresistant cells. Itch was unaffected in mice deficient for Cysltr1, Trpv1, or mast cells (WSh mice). CysLT2R played a role in itch in the MC903 mouse model of chronic itch and dermatitis, but not in models of dry skin or compound 48/80- or Alternaria-induced itch. In MC903-treated mice, CysLT levels increased in skin over time, and Cysltr2−/− mice showed decreased itch in the chronic phase of inflammation. Collectively, our study reveals that LTC4 acts through CysLT2R as its physiological receptor to induce itch, and CysLT2R contributes to itch in a model of dermatitis. Therefore, targeting CysLT signaling may be a promising approach to treat inflammatory itch.
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Leukotriene D 4 paradoxically limits LTC 4-driven platelet activation and lung immunopathology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 148:195-208.e5. [PMID: 33285161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 3 cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs), leukotriene (LT) C4 (LTC4), LTD4, and LTE4, have different biologic half-lives, cellular targets, and receptor specificities. CysLT2R binds LTC4 and LTD4in vitro with similar affinities, but it displays a marked selectivity for LTC4in vivo. LTC4, but not LTD4, strongly potentiates allergen-induced pulmonary eosinophilia in mice through a CysLT2R-mediated, platelet- and IL-33-dependent pathway. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether LTD4 functionally antagonizes LTC4 signaling at CysLT2R. METHODS We used 2 different in vivo models of CysLT2R-dependent immunopathology, as well as ex vivo activation of mouse and human platelets. RESULTS LTC4-induced CD62P expression; HMGB1 release; and secretions of thromboxane A2, CXCL7, and IL-33 by mouse platelets were all were blocked by a selective CysLT2R antagonist and inhibited by LTD4. These effects did not depend on CysLT1R. Inhaled LTD4 blocked LTC4-mediated potentiation of ovalbumin-induced eosinophilic inflammation; recruitment of platelet-adherent eosinophils; and increases in IL-33, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 levels in lung tissue. In contrast, the effect of administration of LTE4, the preferred ligand for CysLT3R, was additive with LTC4. The administration of LTD4 to Ptges-/- mice, which display enhanced LTC4 synthesis similar to that in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, completely blocked the physiologic response to subsequent lysine-aspirin inhalation challenges, as well as increases in levels of IL-33, type 2 cytokines, and biochemical markers of mast cell and platelet activation. CONCLUSION The conversion of LTC4 to LTD4 may limit the duration and extent of potentially deleterious signaling through CysLT2R, and it may contribute to the therapeutic properties of desensitization to aspirin in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.
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Marone G, Schroeder JT, Mattei F, Loffredo S, Gambardella AR, Poto R, de Paulis A, Schiavoni G, Varricchi G. Is There a Role for Basophils in Cancer? Front Immunol 2020; 11:2103. [PMID: 33013885 PMCID: PMC7505934 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Basophils were identified in human peripheral blood by Paul Ehrlich over 140 years ago. Human basophils represent <1% of peripheral blood leukocytes. During the last decades, basophils have been described also in mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and monkeys. There are many similarities, but also several immunological differences between human and mouse basophils. There are currently several strains of mice with profound constitutive or inducible basophil deficiency useful to prove that these cells have specific roles in vivo. However, none of these mice are solely and completely devoid of all basophils. Therefore, the relevance of these findings to humans remains to be established. It has been known for some time that basophils have the propensity to migrate into the site of inflammation. Recent observations indicate that tissue resident basophils contribute to lung development and locally promote M2 polarization of macrophages. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that lung-resident basophils exhibit a specific phenotype, different from circulating basophils. Activated human and mouse basophils synthesize restricted and distinct profiles of cytokines. Human basophils produce several canonical (e.g., VEGFs, angiopoietin 1) and non-canonical (i.e., cysteinyl leukotriene C4) angiogenic factors. Activated human and mouse basophils release extracellular DNA traps that may have multiple effects in cancer. Hyperresponsiveness of basophils has been demonstrated in patients with JAK2V617F-positive polycythemia vera. Basophils are present in the immune landscape of human lung adenocarcinoma and pancreatic cancer and can promote inflammation-driven skin tumor growth. The few studies conducted thus far using different models of basophil-deficient mice have provided informative results on the roles of these cells in tumorigenesis. Much more remains to be discovered before we unravel the hitherto mysterious roles of basophils in human and experimental cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Marone
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | - John T Schroeder
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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Kanaoka Y, Austen KF. Roles of cysteinyl leukotrienes and their receptors in immune cell-related functions. Adv Immunol 2019; 142:65-84. [PMID: 31296303 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs), leukotriene C4, (LTC4), LTD4, and LTE4, are lipid mediators of inflammation. LTC4 is the only intracellularly synthesized cys-LT through the 5-lipoxygenase and LTC4 synthase pathway and after transport is metabolized to LTD4 and LTE4 by specific extracellular peptidases. Each cys-LT has a preferred functional receptor in vivo; LTD4 to the type 1 cys-LT receptor (CysLT1R), LTC4 to CysLT2R, and LTE4 to CysLT3R (OXGR1 or GPR99). Recent studies in mouse models revealed that there are multiple regulatory mechanisms for these receptor functions and each receptor plays a distinct role as observed in different mouse models of inflammation and immune responses. This review focuses on the integrated host responses to the cys-LT/CysLTR pathway composed of sequential ligands with preferred receptors as seen from mouse models. It also discusses potential therapeutic targets for LTC4 synthase, CysLT2R, and CysLT3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Kanaoka
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - K Frank Austen
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
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8
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Cysteinyl leukotriene 2 receptor promotes endothelial permeability, tumor angiogenesis, and metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 116:199-204. [PMID: 30559191 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817325115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs) are proinflammatory mediators that enhance vascular permeability through distinct receptors (CysLTRs). We found that CysLT2R regulates angiogenesis in isolated mouse endothelial cells (ECs) and in Matrigel implants in WT mice and enhances EC contraction and permeability via the Rho-dependent myosin light chain 2 and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin axis. Since solid tumors utilize aberrant angiogenesis for their growth and metastasis and their vessels exhibit vascular hyperpermeability, we hypothesized that CysLT2R, via its actions on the endothelium, might regulate tumor growth. Both tumor growth and metastases of adoptively transferred syngeneic Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells are significantly reduced in CysLT2R-null mice (Cysltr2 -/-) compared with WT and CysLT1R-null mice (Cysltr1 -/-). In WT recipients of LLC cells, CysLT2R expression is significantly increased in the tumor vasculature, compared with CysLT1R. Further, the tumor vasculature in Cysltr2 -/- recipients exhibited significantly improved integrity, as revealed by increased pericyte coverage and decreased leakage of i.v.-administered Texas Red-conjugated dextran. Administration of a selective CysLT2R antagonist significantly reduced LLC tumor volume, vessel density, dextran leakage, and metastases in WT mice, highlighting CysLT2R as a VEGF-independent regulator of the vasculature promoting risk of metastasis. Thus, both genetic and pharmacological findings establish CysLT2R as a gateway for angiogenesis and EC dysregulation in vitro and ex vivo and in an in vivo model with a mouse tumor. Our data suggest CysLT2R as a possible target for intervention.
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Debeuf N, Lambrecht BN. Eicosanoid Control Over Antigen Presenting Cells in Asthma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2006. [PMID: 30233591 PMCID: PMC6131302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common lung disease affecting 300 million people worldwide. Allergic asthma is recognized as a prototypical Th2 disorder, orchestrated by an aberrant adaptive CD4+ T helper (Th2/Th17) cell immune response against airborne allergens, that leads to eosinophilic inflammation, reversible bronchoconstriction, and mucus overproduction. Other forms of asthma are controlled by an eosinophil-rich innate ILC2 response driven by epithelial damage, whereas in some patients with more neutrophilia, the disease is driven by Th17 cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are crucial regulators of type 2 immunity in asthma. Numerous lipid mediators including the eicosanoids prostaglandins and leukotrienes influence key functions of these cells, leading to either pro- or anti-inflammatory effects on disease outcome. In this review, we will discuss how eicosanoids affect the functions of DCs and macrophages in the asthmatic lung and how this leads to aberrant T cell differentiation that causes disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nincy Debeuf
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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10
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Yokomizo T, Nakamura M, Shimizu T. Leukotriene receptors as potential therapeutic targets. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2691-2701. [PMID: 29757196 DOI: 10.1172/jci97946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes, a class of arachidonic acid-derived bioactive molecules, are known as mediators of allergic and inflammatory reactions and considered to be important drug targets. Although an inhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis and antagonists of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor are clinically used for bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis, these medications were developed before the molecular identification of leukotriene receptors. Numerous studies using cloned leukotriene receptors and genetically engineered mice have unveiled new pathophysiological roles for leukotrienes. This Review covers the recent findings on leukotriene receptors to revisit them as new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motonao Nakamura
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipidomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Matsuda M, Tabuchi Y, Nishimura K, Nakamura Y, Sekioka T, Kadode M, Kawabata K, Nabe T. Increased expression of CysLT 2 receptors in the lung of asthmatic mice and role in allergic responses. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 131:24-31. [PMID: 29628047 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Compared with CysLT1 receptors, the functional role of CysLT2 receptors in asthma has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to determine 1) whether CysLT2 receptors are expressed in the lung of mice and if expression increases in asthmatic mice, and 2) whether CysLT2 receptors are involved in allergic leukocyte infiltration into the lung and in the development of airway remodeling in asthmatic mice. BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) + Al(OH)3, and intratracheally challenged with OVA 4 times. Lung tissue was isolated before and after the 4th OVA challenge for detection of CysLT2 receptors by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The effect of a CysLT2 receptor antagonist BayCysLT2RA on multiple antigen challenge-induced leukocyte infiltration into the lung and the development of airway remodeling was evaluated. Even in non-challenged mice, CysLT2 receptors were expressed in bronchial smooth muscle. After multiple challenges, expression was also observed in leukocytes infiltrating into alveolar spaces. CysLT2R+ leukocytes included alveolar macrophages, conventional dendritic cells, and eosinophils. BayCysLT2RA significantly inhibited multiple antigen challenge-induced increases in eosinophils and mononuclear cells in the lung. The development of airway remodeling was tended to be suppressed by CysLT2 receptor antagonist. In conclusion, CysLT2 receptors were constitutively expressed in the lung, and expression was strengthened in asthmatic mice. Activation of CysLT2 receptors was functionally involved in allergic leukocyte infiltration into the lung. The CysLT2 receptor can be a molecular target for the development of new pharmacotherapies for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Matsuda
- Department of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Tabuchi
- Department of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuma Nishimura
- Department of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuri Nakamura
- Department of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sekioka
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kadode
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kawabata
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nabe
- Department of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan.
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12
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Lund SJ, Portillo A, Cavagnero K, Baum RE, Naji LH, Badrani JH, Mehta A, Croft M, Broide DH, Doherty TA. Leukotriene C4 Potentiates IL-33-Induced Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Activation and Lung Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1096-1104. [PMID: 28667163 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex disease that is promoted by dysregulated immunity and the presence of many cytokine and lipid mediators. Despite this, there is a paucity of data demonstrating the combined effects of multiple mediators in asthma pathogenesis. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have recently been shown to play important roles in the initiation of allergic inflammation; however, it is unclear whether lipid mediators, such as cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), which are present in asthma, could further amplify the effects of IL-33 on ILC2 activation and lung inflammation. In this article, we show that airway challenges with the parent CysLT, leukotriene C4 (LTC4), given in combination with low-dose IL-33 to naive wild-type mice, led to synergistic increases in airway Th2 cytokines, eosinophilia, and peribronchial inflammation compared with IL-33 alone. Further, the numbers of proliferating and cytokine-producing lung ILC2s were increased after challenge with both LTC4 and IL-33. Levels of CysLT1R, CysLT2R, and candidate leukotriene E4 receptor P2Y12 mRNAs were increased in ILC2s. The synergistic effect of LTC4 with IL-33 was completely dependent upon CysLT1R, because CysLT1R-/- mice, but not CysLT2R-/- mice, had abrogated responses. Further, CysLTs directly potentiated IL-5 and IL-13 production from purified ILC2s stimulated with IL-33 and resulted in NFAT1 nuclear translocation. Finally, CysLT1R-/- mice had reduced lung eosinophils and ILC2 responses after exposure to the fungal allergen Alternaria alternata Thus, CysLT1R promotes LTC4- and Alternaria-induced ILC2 activation and lung inflammation. These findings suggest that multiple pathways likely exist in asthma to activate ILC2s and propagate inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J Lund
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | - Alex Portillo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | - Kellen Cavagnero
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | - Rachel E Baum
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | - Luay H Naji
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | - Jana H Badrani
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | - Amit Mehta
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Michael Croft
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - David H Broide
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | - Taylor A Doherty
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
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14
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Sekioka T, Kadode M, Osakada N, Fujita M, Matsumura N, Yamaura Y, Nakade S, Nabe T, Kawabata K. A new CysLT 1 and CysLT 2 receptors-mediated anaphylaxis guinea pig model. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 119:18-24. [PMID: 28410666 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the effectiveness of CysLT1 receptor antagonists on asthma has been clinically established, the effects of CysLT2 receptor antagonists are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to develop a new CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors-mediated anaphylaxis guinea pig model using S-hexyl GSH, a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GTP) inhibitor, to suppress conversion of LTC4 to LTD4. Actively sensitized guinea pigs were challenged with OVA in the absence or presence of S-hexyl GSH, and survival rate following anaphylactic response was monitored. OVA-induced fatal anaphylaxis in the absence of S-hexyl GSH was almost completely inhibited by montelukast, a CysLT1 receptor antagonist, but not by the CysLT2 receptor antagonist BayCysLT2RA. However, under treatment with S-hexyl-GSH, the inhibitory effect of motelukast was dramatically diminished, whereas that of BayCysLT2RA was markedly increased. The dual CysLT1/2 receptor antagonist ONO-6950 effectively inhibited anaphylactic response in both S-hexyl GSH-treated and non-treated animals. LC/MS/MS analysis revealed that S-hexyl GSH treatment actually inhibited LTC4 metabolism in the blood and lung tissues. Using S-hexyl GSH, we developed a novel CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors-mediated anaphylaxis guinea pig model that can be useful for not only screening both CysLT2 and CysLT1/2 receptors antagonists, but also for functional analysis of CysLT2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Sekioka
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Michiaki Kadode
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Osakada
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujita
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsumura
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamaura
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakade
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nabe
- Department of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kawabata
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Lee MJ, Yoshimoto E, Saijo S, Iwakura Y, Lin X, Katz HR, Kanaoka Y, Barrett NA. Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Regulates Dectin-2 Signaling and the Generation of Th2 and Th17 Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:278-87. [PMID: 27194783 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The C-type lectin receptor Dectin-2 can trigger the leukotriene C4 synthase-dependent generation of cysteinyl leukotrienes and the caspase-associated recruitment domain 9- and NF-κB-dependent generation of cytokines, such as IL-23, IL-6, and TNF-α, to promote Th2 and Th17 immunity, respectively. Dectin-2 activation also elicits the type 2 cytokine IL-33, but the mechanism by which Dectin-2 induces these diverse innate mediators is poorly understood. In this study, we identify a common upstream requirement for PI3Kδ activity for the generation of each Dectin-2-dependent mediator elicited by the house dust mite species, Dermatophagoides farinae, using both pharmacologic inhibition and small interfering RNA knockdown of PI3Kδ in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. PI3Kδ activity depends on spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and regulates the activity of protein kinase Cδ, indicating that PI3Kδ is a proximal Syk-dependent signaling intermediate. Inhibition of PI3Kδ also reduces cysteinyl leukotrienes and cytokines elicited by Dectin-2 cross-linking, confirming the importance of this molecule in Dectin-2 signaling. Using an adoptive transfer model, we demonstrate that inhibition of PI3Kδ profoundly reduces the capacity of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells to sensitize recipient mice for Th2 and Th17 pulmonary inflammation in response to D. farinae Furthermore, administration of a PI3Kδ inhibitor during the sensitization of wild-type mice prevents the generation of D. farinae-induced pulmonary inflammation. These results demonstrate that PI3Kδ regulates Dectin-2 signaling and its dendritic cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Eri Yoshimoto
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Shinobu Saijo
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan; and
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Howard R Katz
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yoshihide Kanaoka
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Nora A Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115;
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16
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Sekioka T, Kadode M, Fujii M, Kawabata K, Abe T, Horiba M, Kohno S, Nabe T. Expression of CysLT2 receptors in asthma lung, and their possible role in bronchoconstriction. Allergol Int 2015; 64:351-8. [PMID: 26433531 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression and functional role of CysLT2 receptors in asthma have not been clarified. In this study, we evaluated CysLT2 receptors expression, and effects of CysLT2-and CysLT1/2-receptor antagonists on antigen-induced bronchoconstriction using isolated lung tissues from both asthma and non-asthma subjects. METHODS CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors expression in asthma and non-asthma lung tissue preparations was examined in immunohistochemistry experiments, and their functional roles in antigen-induced bronchoconstriction were assessed using ONO-6950, a dual CysLT1/2-receptor antagonist, montelukast, a CysLT1 receptor antagonist, and BayCysLT2RA, a CysLT2 receptor-specific antagonist. RESULTS CysLT1 receptors were expressed on the bronchial smooth muscle and epithelium, and on alveolar leukocytes in 5 in 5 non-asthma subjects and 2 in 2 asthma subjects. On the other hand, although degrees of CysLT2 receptors expression were variable among the 5 non-asthma subjects, the expression in the asthma lung was detected on bronchial smooth muscle, epithelium and alveolar leukocytes in 2 in 2 asthma subjects. In the non-asthma specimens, antagonism of CysLT2 receptors did not affect antigen-induced bronchial contractions, even after pretreatment with the CysLT1-receptor specific antagonist, montelukast. However, in the bronchus isolated from one of the 2 asthma subjects, antagonism of CysLT2 receptors suppressed contractions, and dual antagonism of CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors resulted in additive inhibitory effect on anaphylactic contractions. CONCLUSIONS CysLT2 receptors were expressed in lung specimens isolated from asthma subjects. Activation of CysLT2 receptors may contribute to antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in certain asthma population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Sekioka
- Discovery Research Laboratories II, Department of Biology & Pharmacology, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kadode
- Discovery Research Laboratories II, Department of Biology & Pharmacology, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masanori Fujii
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kawabata
- Discovery Research Laboratories II, Department of Biology & Pharmacology, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Abe
- Department of Pneumology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Michiaki Horiba
- Department of Pneumology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shigekatsu Kohno
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nabe
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan.
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17
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Liu T, Kanaoka Y, Barrett NA, Feng C, Garofalo D, Lai J, Buchheit K, Bhattacharya N, Laidlaw TM, Katz HR, Boyce JA. Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease Involves a Cysteinyl Leukotriene-Driven IL-33-Mediated Mast Cell Activation Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3537-45. [PMID: 26342029 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), a severe eosinophilic inflammatory disorder of the airways, involves overproduction of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs), activation of airway mast cells (MCs), and bronchoconstriction in response to nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitors that deplete homeostatic PGE2. The mechanistic basis for MC activation in this disorder is unknown. We now demonstrate that patients with AERD have markedly increased epithelial expression of the alarmin-like cytokine IL-33 in nasal polyps, as compared with polyps from aspirin-tolerant control subjects. The murine model of AERD, generated by dust mite priming of mice lacking microsomal PGE2 synthase (ptges(-/-) mice), shows a similar upregulation of IL-33 protein in the airway epithelium, along with marked eosinophilic bronchovascular inflammation. Deletion of leukotriene C4 synthase, the terminal enzyme needed to generate cysLTs, eliminates the increased IL-33 content of the ptges(-/-) lungs and sharply reduces pulmonary eosinophilia and basal secretion of MC products. Challenges of dust mite-primed ptges(-/-) mice with lysine aspirin induce IL-33-dependent MC activation and bronchoconstriction. Thus, IL-33 is a component of a cysLT-driven innate type 2 immune response that drives pathogenic MC activation and contributes substantially to AERD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yoshihide Kanaoka
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Nora A Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Chunli Feng
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Denise Garofalo
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Juying Lai
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kathleen Buchheit
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Neil Bhattacharya
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Tanya M Laidlaw
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Howard R Katz
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Joshua A Boyce
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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18
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Pniewska E, Sokolowska M, Kupryś-Lipińska I, Kacprzak D, Kuna P, Pawliczak R. Exacerbating factors induce different gene expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from asthmatics, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and healthy subjects. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2015; 165:229-43. [PMID: 25634111 DOI: 10.1159/000370067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite several common phenotypic features, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and severe asthma differ with regard to their causative factors and pathophysiology. Both diseases may be exacerbated by environmental factors, however, the molecular profiles of disease episodes have not been comprehensively studied. We identified differences in gene and protein expression profiles expressed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of COPD patients, patients with atopic asthma and healthy subjects when challenged with exacerbating factors in vitro: lipopolysaccharide (LPS), house dust mite (HDM) and cat allergen. METHODS PBMC isolated from patients with severe atopic asthma and COPD, as well as healthy subjects were stimulated with rDer p 1 DG, rFel d 1 DG and LPS. The changes in the expression of 47 genes belonging to five groups (phospholipase A2, eicosanoids, transcription factors, cytokines and airway remodeling) were studied using TaqMan low density array cards. Immunoblotting was used to study relative protein expression. RESULTS rDer p 1 significantly up-regulated the expression of PLA2G4A, PLA2G6, PLA2G15, CYSLTR1, LB4R2, PTGS1, PTGS2, FOXP1, GATA3, HDAC2, IREB2, PPARG, STAT4, TSLP and CHI3L1 genes in asthmatics in comparison to healthy subjects. LPS induced significant expression of ANXA1 and LTA4H in asthmatics when compared to COPD patients and healthy subjects. SOX6,STAT4 and IL1RL1 were induced in COPD after LPS stimulation. Analysis of protein expression revealed a pattern similar to mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS LPS-induced exacerbation of asthma and COPD is characterized by differential expression of selected genes in PBMC. HDM allergen changed the expression profile of inflammatory genes between patients with asthma of atopic origin and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pniewska
- Division of Allergology, Immunology and Dermatology, Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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19
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Opene M, Kurantsin-Mills J, Husain S, Ibe BO. Sickle erythrocytes and platelets augment lung leukotriene synthesis with downregulation of anti-inflammatory proteins: relevance in the pathology of the acute chest syndrome. Pulm Circ 2015; 4:482-95. [PMID: 25621162 DOI: 10.1086/677363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Initiation, progression, and resolution of vaso-occlusive pain episodes in sickle cell disease (SCD) have been recognized as reperfusion injury, which provokes an inflammatory response in the pulmonary circulation. Some 5-lipoxygenase (5-lox) metabolites are potent vasoconstrictors in the pulmonary circulation. We studied stimulation of production of the inflammatory eicosanoids leukotrienes (LTs) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by isolated rat lungs perfused with sickle (HbSS) erythrocytes. Our hypothesis is that HbSS erythrocytes produce more LTs than normal (HbAA) erythrocytes, which can induce vaso-occlusive episodes in SCD patients. Lung perfusates were collected at specific time points and purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and LTC4 and PGE2 contents were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rat lung explants were also cultured with purified HbAA and HbSS peptides, and 5-lox, cyclooxygenase 1/2, and platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) proteins were measured by Western blotting, while prostacyclin and LTs produced by cultured lung explants were measured by ELISA. Lung weight gain and blood gas data were not different among the groups. HbSS-perfused lungs produced more LTC4 and PGE2 than HbAA-perfused lungs: 10.40 ± 0.62 versus 0.92 ± 0.2 ng/g dry lung weight (mean ± SEM; P = 0.0001) for LTC4. Inclusion of autologous platelets (platelet-rich plasma) elevated LTC4 production to 12.6 ± 0.96 and 7 ± 0.60 ng/g dry lung weight in HbSS and HbAA perfusates, respectively. HbSS lungs also expressed more 5-lox and PAFR. The data suggest that HbSS erythrocytes and activated platelets in patient's pulmonary microcirculation will enhance the synthesis and release of the proinflammatory mediators LTC4 and PGE2, both of which may contribute to onset of the acute chest syndrome in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Opene
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Joseph Kurantsin-Mills
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, George Washington University, Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA ; Present address: Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, 2121 Georgia Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Sumair Husain
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Basil O Ibe
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
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20
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Sadik CD, Sezin T, Kim ND. Leukotrienes orchestrating allergic skin inflammation. Exp Dermatol 2014; 22:705-9. [PMID: 24433180 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Leukotrienes constitute a group of lipid mediators, which may be subdivided into two groups, with leukotriene B4 on the one hand and cysteinyl leukotrienes on the other. Although leukotrienes are abundantly expressed in skin affected by diverse chronic inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid, their pathological roles in these diseases have remained elusive. Recent data now reveal that both leukotriene B4 and cysteinyl leukotrienes are indispensable in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, with leukotriene B4 initiating the recruitment of inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils and TH 2 cells into the skin, and cysteinyl leukotrienes later inducing characteristic structural alterations of chronically affected skin, specifically skin fibrosis and keratinocyte proliferation. Thus, these results reveal a sequential cooperation of LTB4 and cysteinyl leukotrienes to initiate and perpetuate allergic skin inflammation. These new insights highlight leukotrienes as promising therapeutic targets in allergic skin inflammation and should encourage more research into the role of leukotrienes in other inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Sadik
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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21
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Bäck M, Powell WS, Dahlén SE, Drazen JM, Evans JF, Serhan CN, Shimizu T, Yokomizo T, Rovati GE. Update on leukotriene, lipoxin and oxoeicosanoid receptors: IUPHAR Review 7. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:3551-74. [PMID: 24588652 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous ligands for the LT, lipoxin (LX) and oxoeicosanoid receptors are bioactive products produced by the action of the lipoxygenase family of enzymes. The LT receptors BLT1 and BLT2 , are activated by LTB4 and the CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors are activated by the cysteinyl-LTs, whereas oxoeicosanoids exert their action through the OXE receptor. In contrast to these pro-inflammatory mediators, LXA4 transduces responses associated with the resolution of inflammation through the receptor FPR2/ALX (ALX/FPR2). The aim of the present review is to give a state of the field on these receptors, with focus on recent important findings. For example, BLT1 receptor signalling in cancer and the dual role of the BLT2 receptor in pro- and anti-inflammatory actions have added more complexity to lipid mediator signalling. Furthermore, a cross-talk between the CysLT and P2Y receptor systems has been described, and also the presence of novel receptors for cysteinyl-LTs, such as GPR17 and GPR99. Finally, lipoxygenase metabolites derived from ω-3 essential polyunsaturated acids, the resolvins, activate the receptors GPR32 and ChemR23. In conclusion, the receptors for the lipoxygenase products make up a sophisticated and tightly controlled system of endogenous pro- and anti-inflammatory signalling in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Bäck
- Nomenclature Subcommittee for Leukotriene Receptors, International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Kanaoka Y, Boyce JA. Cysteinyl leukotrienes and their receptors; emerging concepts. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2014; 6:288-95. [PMID: 24991451 PMCID: PMC4077954 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2014.6.4.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs) are potent mediators of inflammation derived from arachidonic acid through the 5-lipoxygenase/leukotriene C4 synthase pathway. The derivation of their chemical structures and identification of their pharmacologic properties predated the cloning of their classical receptors and the development of drugs that modify their synthesis and actions. Recent studies have revealed unanticipated insights into the regulation of cys-LT synthesis, the function of the cys-LTs in innate and adaptive immunity and human disease, and the identification of a new receptor for the cys-LTs. This review highlights these studies and summarizes their potential pathobiologic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Kanaoka
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA, United States. ; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joshua A Boyce
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA, United States. ; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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23
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Parsons MW, Li L, Wallace AM, Lee MJ, Katz HR, Fernandez JM, Saijo S, Iwakura Y, Austen KF, Kanaoka Y, Barrett NA. Dectin-2 regulates the effector phase of house dust mite-elicited pulmonary inflammation independently from its role in sensitization. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:1361-71. [PMID: 24453247 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The myeloid C-type lectin receptor Dectin-2 directs the generation of Th2 and Th17 immune responses to the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae through the generation of cysteinyl leukotrienes and proinflammatory cytokines, respectively, but a role for Dectin-2 in effector phase responses has not been described. In this study, we demonstrate that administration of the Dectin-2 mAb solely at the time of D. farinae challenge abrogated eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and Th1, Th2, and Th17 inflammation in the lung of previously sensitized mice. Furthermore, Dectin-2 null mice (Clec4n(-/-)) sensitized with the adoptive transfer of D. farinae-pulsed wild-type (WT) bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) also had less D. farinae-elicited pulmonary inflammation, supporting an effector function for Dectin-2. The protection from pulmonary inflammation seen with the Dectin-2 mAb or in Clec4n(-/-) mice was associated with little or no reduction in lung-draining lymph node cells or their cytokine production and with no reduction in serum IgE. WT and Clec4n(-/-) mice recipients, sensitized with D. farinae-pulsed WT bone marrow-derived DCs, had comparable levels of D. farinae-elicited IL-6, IL-23, TNF-α, and cysteinyl leukotrienes in the lung. By contrast, D. farinae-elicited CCL4 and CCL8 production from pulmonary CD11c(+)CD11b(+)Ly6C(+) and CD11c(+)CD11b(+)Ly6C(-)CD64(+) monocyte-derived DCs was reduced in Clec4n(-/-) recipients. Addition of CCL8 at the time of D. farinae challenge abrogated the protection from eosinophilic, neutrophilic, and Th2 pulmonary inflammation seen in Clec4n(-/-) recipients. Taken together, these results reveal that Dectin-2 regulates monocyte-derived DC function in the pulmonary microenvironment at D. farinae challenge to promote the local inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Parsons
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
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24
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Kawakami Y, Hirano S, Kinoshita M, Otsuki A, Suzuki-Yamamoto T, Suzuki M, Kimoto M, Sasabe S, Fukushima M, Kishimoto K, Izumi T, Oga T, Narumiya S, Sugahara M, Miyano M, Yamamoto S, Takahashi Y. Neutralization of leukotriene C4 and D4 activity by monoclonal and single-chain antibodies. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:1625-33. [PMID: 24361619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTs) are key mediators in inflammation. To explore the structure of the antigen-recognition site of a monoclonal antibody against LTC4 (mAbLTC), we previously isolated full-length cDNAs for heavy and light chains of the antibody and prepared a single-chain antibody comprising variable regions of these two chains (scFvLTC). METHODS We examined whether mAbLTC and scFvLTC neutralized the biological activities of LTC4 and LTD4 by competing their binding to their receptors. RESULTS mAbLTC and scFvLTC inhibited their binding of LTC4 or LTD4 to CysLT1 receptor (CysLT1R) and CysLT2 receptor (CysLT2R) overexpressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The induction by LTD4 of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-8 mRNAs in human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells expressing CysLT1R was dose-dependently suppressed not only by mAbLTC but also by scFvLTC. LTC4- and LTD4-induced aggregation of mouse platelets expressing CysLT2R was dose-dependently suppressed by either mAbLTC or scFvLTC. Administration of mAbLTC reduced pulmonary eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia observed in a murine model of asthma. Furthermore, mAbLTC bound to CysLT2R antagonists but not to CysLT1R antagonists. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that mAbLTC and scFvLTC neutralize the biological activities of LTs by competing their binding to CysLT1R and CysLT2R. Furthermore, the binding of cysteinyl LT receptor antagonists to mAbLTC suggests the structural resemblance of the LT-recognition site of the antibody to that of these receptors. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE mAbLTC can be used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kawakami
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Shiori Hirano
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Mai Kinoshita
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Akemi Otsuki
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Toshiko Suzuki-Yamamoto
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Makiko Suzuki
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Masumi Kimoto
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Sae Sasabe
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Fukushima
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Koji Kishimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Izumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Toru Oga
- Department of Respiratory Care & Sleep Control Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Sugahara
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Harima Institute, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Masashi Miyano
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Harima Institute, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Shozo Yamamoto
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takahashi
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama 719-1197, Japan.
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Cummings HE, Liu T, Feng C, Laidlaw TM, Conley PB, Kanaoka Y, Boyce JA. Cutting edge: Leukotriene C4 activates mouse platelets in plasma exclusively through the type 2 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:5807-10. [PMID: 24244016 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and its extracellular metabolites, LTD4 and LTE4, mediate airway inflammation. They signal through three specific receptors (type 1 cys-LT receptor [CysLT1R], CysLT2R, and GPR99) with overlapping ligand preferences. In this article, we demonstrate that LTC4, but not LTD4 or LTE4, activates mouse platelets exclusively through CysLT2R. Platelets expressed CysLT1R and CysLT2R proteins. LTC4 induced surface expression of CD62P by wild-type mouse platelets in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and caused their secretion of thromboxane A2 and CXCL4. LTC4 was fully active on PRP from mice lacking either CysLT1R or GPR99, but completely inactive on PRP from CysLT2R-null (Cysltr2(-/-)) mice. LTC4/CysLT2R signaling required an autocrine ADP-mediated response through P2Y12 receptors. LTC4 potentiated airway inflammation in a platelet- and CysLT2R-dependent manner. Thus, CysLT2R on platelets recognizes LTC4 with unexpected selectivity. Nascent LTC4 may activate platelets at a synapse with granulocytes before it is converted to LTD4, promoting mediator generation and the formation of leukocyte-platelet complexes that facilitate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Cummings
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115
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Abstract
G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) still offer enormous scope for new therapeutic targets. Currently marketed agents are dominated by those with activity at aminergic receptors and yet they account for only ~10% of the family. Progress up until now with other subfamilies, notably orphans, Family A/peptide, Family A/lipid, Family B, Family C, and Family F, has been, at best, patchy. This may be attributable to the heterogeneous nature of GPCRs, their endogenous ligands, and consequently their binding sites. Our appreciation of receptor similarity has arguably been too simplistic, and screening collections have not necessarily been well suited to identifying leads in new areas. Despite the relative shortage of high-quality tool molecules in a number of cases, there is an emerging, and increasingly substantial, body of evidence associating many as yet “undrugged” receptors with a very wide range of diseases. Significant advances in our understanding of receptor pharmacology and technical advances in screening, protein X-ray crystallography, and ligand design methods are paving the way for new successes in the area. Exploitation of allosteric mechanisms; alternative signaling pathways such as G12/13, Gβγ, and β-arrestin; the discovery of “biased” ligands; and the emergence of GPCR-protein complexes as potential drug targets offer scope for new and much improved drugs.
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27
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Lipid mediators and allergic diseases. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2013; 111:155-62. [PMID: 23987187 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the basic science and translational relevance of lipid mediators in the pathobiology of allergic diseases. DATA SOURCES PubMed was searched for articles using the key terms lipid mediator, prostaglandin, prostanoid, leukotriene, thromboxane, asthma, and allergic inflammation. STUDY SELECTIONS Articles were selected based on their relevance to the goals of this review. Articles with a particular focus on clinical and translational aspects of basic science discoveries were emphasized. RESULTS Lipid mediators are bioactive molecules generated from cell membrane phospholipids. They play important roles in many disease states, particularly in inflammatory and immune responses. Lipid mediators and their receptors are potentially useful as diagnostic markers of disease and therapeutic targets. CONCLUSIONS Several useful therapeutic agents have been developed based on a growing understanding of the lipid mediator pathways in allergic disease, notably the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor type 1 antagonists and the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, zileuton. Additional receptor agonists and antagonists relevant to these pathways are in development, and it is likely that future pharmacologic treatments for allergic disease will become available as our understanding of these molecules continues to evolve.
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Henderson WR, Ye X, Lai Y, Ni Z, Bollinger JG, Tien YT, Chi EY, Gelb MH. Key role of group v secreted phospholipase A2 in Th2 cytokine and dendritic cell-driven airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56172. [PMID: 23451035 PMCID: PMC3581544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous work has shown that disruption of the gene for group X secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-X) markedly diminishes airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling in a mouse asthma model. With the large number of additional sPLA2s in the mammalian genome, the involvement of other sPLA2s in the asthma model is possible – in particular, the group V sPLA2 (sPLA2-V) that like sPLA2-X is highly active at hydrolyzing membranes of mammalian cells. Methodology and Principal Findings The allergen-driven asthma phenotype was significantly reduced in sPLA2-V-deficient mice but to a lesser extent than observed previously in sPLA2-X-deficient mice. The most striking difference observed between the sPLA2-V and sPLA2-X knockouts was the significant impairment of the primary immune response to the allergen ovalbumin (OVA) in the sPLA2-V−/− mice. The impairment in eicosanoid generation and dendritic cell activation in sPLA2-V−/− mice diminishes Th2 cytokine responses in the airways. Conclusions This paper illustrates the diverse roles of sPLA2s in the immunopathogenesis of the asthma phenotype and directs attention to developing specific inhibitors of sPLA2-V as a potential new therapy to treat asthma and other allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Henderson
- Center for Allergy and Inflammation, UW Medicine at South Lake Union, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
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Laidlaw TM, Boyce JA. Pathogenesis of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease and reactions. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2012; 33:195-210. [PMID: 23639708 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Physiologic and pharmacologic studies support the hypothesis that aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) involves fundamental dysregulation in the production of and end-organ responsiveness to both antiinflammatory eicosanoids (prostaglandin E2) and proinflammatory effectors (cysteinyl leukotrienes). The acquired nature of AERD implies a disturbance in a potential epigenetic control mechanism of the relevant mediator systems, which may be a result of incompletely clarified environmental factors (eg, viral or bacterial infections, inhaled pollutants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya M Laidlaw
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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